INDEX

Abancay, 318 Abibe mountains, 43; certain hairy worms met with on the, 38 Aburra valley, 67-114 Acari, 28, 265 Acos, 301, 373 Adobes, 129, 219, 251 Aguales Indians, 108 Aguacate, a fruit (see Palta). Aguja, point of, 25 Agaz, Juan, eats a dozen apples, 39 Aji, 142 note, 232 Alaya, chief of Xauxa, 224, 301 Alcobasa (Diego de), his account of the ruins of Tiahuanaco, 378 note Alcon (Pedro), one of the thirteen companions of Pizarro, 420 note Aldana (Lorenzo de), 123 Algoroba trees, 129, 235, 239 note Alligators, 16 Alligator pears (see Paltas). Alonzo (Rodrigo), in company with Cieza de Leon, sees a pretty girl killed and eaten, 79 Almagro (Diego de), 7, 159, 186, 256, 318, 419 Almagro the Younger, 306 note, 312, 335 Alpacas, 394 Alvarado (Alonzo de), 157, 279, 282 —— (Pedro de), 148, 155, 156, 157, 185, 186, 248 —— (Gomez de), 157, 281, 283 —— (Diego de), 157 Amaru-mayu river, 337 note Ambato, 154 Ancocahua, temple of, 357 Ancasmayu river, 122 Anco-allo, chief of the Chancas, 280 Andagoya (Pascual de), 105 note Andahuaylas, 315, 317 Angoyaco pass, 302 Animals, 42; guinea pigs, 63 note; chucha, 91; guadaquinajes, ib.; tigers, 104; tapirs, 164; of Puerto Viejo, 175; dogs, 235; llama tribe, 392; of Peru, 402; foxes, 237-402 Añaquito, plains of, 139 Andeneria, 321 Andes, description of, 129; forests of, 323, 337; animals and snakes of, 338; nations of, 339; riches of, 406 Antioquia, 4, 52; customs of natives of, 59; road from, to Arma, 66, 114 Anti-suyu, province, 323-337 Anunaybe, father of the cacique Nutibara, 46 Anzerma, Indians of, 63; founding of, 65; supply of salt at, 126 Apurimac, river and bridge, 319 Aqueducts (see Irrigation, works of). Arbi, valley of, 81 Arequipa, 287, 392 Arias (Garcia Diaz), bishop of Quito, 424 Arica, 29 Arma, 69-70; Indians of, 70-72 Armendariz (Miguel Diaz), 96 Arrows, poisoned, used by the Indians of Uraba, 39 Art, Peruvian works of, 403-4 Asillo, 369 Astete (Miguel de), 272 note Astopilco, cacique at Caxamarca, descended from Atahualpa, 272 note Atacama desert, 267 Atahualpa, his cruelty to the Cañaris, 167; his residence at Caxamarca, 271; war with Huascar, 273 note, 275, 409, 421; meaning of the word, 231 Atienza, (Blas de), protests against the murder of Atahualpa, 292 note Atoco, Indian general takes Atahualpa prisoner, 167, 273 Atongayo bay, 30 Atrato river, 49 note Atris, valley of, 123 Aura, bird so called, 175, 403, 416 Ausancata temple, 354 Avila (Alonzo de), protests against the murder of Atahualpa, 292 note Avogada pears (see Paltas). Ayala (Christoval de), killed, 94; his pigs, ib. —— (Pedro de), protests against the murder of Atahualpa, 292 note Ayavire, 358, 369 Ayllos, weapon so called, 355 Aymara Indians (same as Collas, which see). Ayniledos river, 31 Azangaro, 369

Bachicao (Hernando), 373 and note Balsas, 265 Barranca (La), 248 note Barley, 144, 400 Baths of the Yncas, 271, 285 note, 313 note, 400 note Bees, 90 Belalcazar (Sebastian de), kills Robledo, 79; founds Cali, 93, 105; notice of, 110 note, 113, 145, 201, 423; marches to assist the president Gasca, 151, 186 Bio-bio river, 31 Birds of Puerto Viejo—the xuta and maca, 175; on the Peruvian coast, 237 (see Aura). Blanco, cape, 25 Blasco Nuñez Vela, the viceroy, 87, 139, 187 note, 221 note, 275 note Bobadilla (Fray Francisco de), umpire between Pizarro and Almagro, 256 Bomba, province of, 117 Bombon, 286; lake of, 294 Bracamoros, province and Indians, 204-209 Briceño (Alonzo), one of the thirteen companions of Pizarro, 420 Bridge of rope across the Vilcas, 314 note; across the Apurimac, 319 note —— of Desaguadero, toll for crossing, 373 Buenaventura, 20, 104, 105 note, 106 Buga, province of, 94 Building, Peruvians skilled in, 405 Burial of the dead, customs of the Indians, 40, 51, 64, 77, 81, 83, 102, 120, 151, 168, 180, 188, 199, 203, 206, 221, 222, 226 note, 252, 262, 279, 285, 358, 364 Buritica hill, 56

Cabaya, a kind of aloe, 146 Cacha village, 356 Calamar, 33 Caldera, Licentiate, 159 Callao, 27 Cali, city of, 93; Indians of, 96; river and situation, 99; villages, etc., 100-3, 105; road from, to Popayan, 107; to Buenaventura, 106 Camana, 29, 265 Campo Redondo (Gaspar Rodriguez de), 303 note Cañaris, 162, 167, 169 Cañari-bamba, 204 Canas, Indians, 356 note, 358 Canches, Indians, 355, 356 note, 358 Candia (Pedro de), one of the thirteen companions of Pizarro, 193 note, 419 Cane brake, near Cartago, 90 Cañete valley, 257 note, 259 Cangas, Suer de, 185 Cannibalism, 50, 52, 60, 71, 79, 84, 96, 97, 101, 115, 118 Capitulation (between Pizarro and Queen Juana), 420 note Carachine Point, 20 Caracollo village, 381 Caraques, 185 Caramanta province, 126 Carangues, 133, 138 Caraquen bay, 22 Caravaya river and gold of, 369 Carbajal (Francisco de), 276 note, 303 note; feeds on honey, 362, 373 note, 384, 422, 424 note —— (Yllan Suarez de), 305 note Cari, a chief of the Collas, 363 Cariapasa, Chief of Chucuito, 373 Carmenca hill at Cuzco, 325 Carrapa, 82, 84 Carrion (Anton de), one of the thirteen companions of Pizarro, 420 Cartago, 67, 85, 92 Cartama, 60 Carthagena, 33, 35 Casma, port of, 26 Cauca river, 58 note, 80 note, 114 Castellano, value of, 159, 272, 387 Castro, Vaca de, 283, 306 note, 312 Carinas Indians, 354 Caxamarca, 269 note, 271 Cayambes Indians, 137, 161 Caymito fruit, 16, 234 Ccapac Yupanqui, a victorious Ynca general, 269 note Ccuri-cancha, 328, 385 Cegue river, of Quinbaya, 86 Cenasura, 67 Centeno (Diego de), 380, 384 Cenu, 228; burial places at, 221 —— river, alligators in, 16-35 Cenasura, 126 Cesar (Francisco), 46, 47 note, 48, 422 Cespedes (Juan de), a negro belonging to, mistakes dried bowels for sausages, 97 Chacama valley, 241 Chachapoyas, 277, 278 Chacu or hunting of the Yncas, 288 note Chagres river, 17 Challcuchima, General of Atahualpa, burnt by order of Pizarro, 320 Chanca Indians, 280, 315, 316 Chanchan buildings, 162 Chancos flatten the skulls of their children, 96 Chapanchita provinces, 117 Chaqui, 383 Chaquira beads, 176, 405 Charcas province, 381; mines, 385 Chaves (Diego de), wife of, see Escobar. —— (Francisco de), 292 and note Chayanta, 383 Chicha liquor, 152, 220 Chichas village, 383 Chilane village, 373 Chilca, 255 Children, naming of, 231 Chile, 30-384 Chimu, valley and ruins, 242 and note Chincha valley, 228, 260; islands, 28 note Chinchay-cocha lake, 294, 296 Chinchona plants at Loxa, 206 note Chiquana, 356 Chirimoya fruit, 234 note Choape, 31 Chono, dog so called, 235 Chucha, animal so called, 91 —— a shell fish, 16 Chucuito, 373 Chumbivilica, 335 Chumpi (belt), 146 Chunchos, 337 note Chupas, field of, 306 note Chuñus, 361 Chuqui-apu, 380 Cianca (Andres), a judge of the audience, 425 Cieza de Leon, dedication of his work, 1; his habit of writing on the march, 3; plan of his work, 6; collects information concerning the coast, 27; loses his journals after the battle of Xaquixaguana, 32; joins Vadillo, 41; finds a quantity of gold, 77; joins Belalcazar, 110 note; method of collecting information, 177; marching to join the royal army, 151, 167, 241; crosses the bridge over the Apurimac, 319; goes to Charcas, 339; at Pucara, 368; continues to take notes in the Collao, 364; and at Tiahuanaco, 376; proposes to form plantations of trees, 401; sees God’s hand visibly in the conquest of the Indies, 418; finishes his work, 427 Cinnamon, 137, 142 Cinto, valley of, 240 Climate of Peru, 130; of Quito, 140; of the Peruvian coast, 214; of the Collao, 360 Cloth weaving, 405 Coast valleys, 129, 214-216 to 268; fertility of, 233 Coca, 352 Coconucos Indians, 112, 116 Cochabamba, 383 Cochesqui, 139 Collaguaso village, 137 Collahuayos, 398 note Collao province, 324, 359, 360, 362, 370 —— Indians (see Collas), 367 Collique, 240 Colmenares (Diego de), 34 note Colonists (see Mitimaes). Conchucos, 286-291 Consota, salt from, 126 Conversion of an Indian, in spite of the Devil, 415 Copayapo, 30 Coquimbo, 30 Cori, salt from, 125 Corrientes cape, 20 Cosa (Juan de la), 33 Cotton, 143, 393 Cuellar (Francisco de) one of Pizarro’s thirteen companions, 420 Cui, or guinea pigs, 63 note Cunti-suyu, 324, 335 Cuzco, dress of ladies of, 146; situation, 322; divisions, 325; streets and wards, 327 note; temple of the sun, 328; founded by Manco Ccapac, 329; description, 330; Indians from all parts living in, 330; Bishop of, 424

Dabaybe (or Dobaybe, which see). Dantas, or tapirs, 164 Darien river, 95 Desaguadero river, 373 Deserts on the coast, described, 128, 238, 240 Devil, in nearly every page; his wiles, 225; devil of Peru (see Supay, see Xixarama); devils interfering to prevent conversion of an Indian, 416 Dioceses in Peru, 424 Dobaybe, country of, 36, 47 note, 49 note Dogs in Peru, 235 Doorways (monolithic) at Tiahuanaco, 376 Dress of ladies of Cuzco, 146 Ducks, Indians breed many, 235 Dyes used by the Indians, 405, 406 note

Earthquakes at Arequipa, 268 Enciso, the Bachiller, 34 note Equinoctial line, 173 Emeralds, 183; broken by the Spaniards, 185 Encomiendas, 72 note Escobar (Maria de) introduces wheat into Peru, 400

Fair at Potosi, 391 Female succession, 64, 73, 83 Ferrol, port of, 26 Fertility of coast valleys, 233 Fish, Manatee, 114; bonitos, 175; sardines used as manure, 255 Flowers used for sacrifices, 71 Fossil bones, 194 note Fountain (hot) near Quito, 132 Foxes, 237, 402 Fruits of Panama, 16; in the Cauca valley, 73; of Pasto, 122; called mortuño, 132; of Puerto Viejo, 175; of the Peruvian coast valleys, 234, 235; of Huanuco, 283 Funes, a village of the Pastos, 131

Gallo, island of, 21; Pizarro and his thirteen companions on, 419 note Garcilasso de la Vega, 157 note, 185 Gasca (Pedro de la), 208; Cieza de Leon marches to join the army of, 241; at Andahuaylas, 318; executes Gonzalo Pizarro, 320; gives letters of introduction to Cieza de Leon, 339 Gaspar, an Indian Governor at Chucuito, 373 Gavilan (Diego), 303 note Giants at Point Santa Elena, 189 Giron (Francisco Hernandez de), 79 note Gold, 57, 70, 77, 79, 86; Quichua word for, 281 note; of Cunti-suyu, 336; of Caravaya, 369; of Chuquiapu, 381, 386 note Gorgona island, 21, 420 Gorrones Indians, round Cali, 97, 98 Government of the Yncas, 164 Guaca, province of, 132, 422 Guacamayos (macaws), 199 Guadaquinages, animals the size of a hare, 91, 98 Guallabamba, 139 Guamanga, founded, 307, 308; Indians of, 310; bishops of, 424 note Guamaraconas (Huayna-cuna), natives of Otabalo and Carangue so-called, 138 Guambia, province of, 109 Guanaco (see Huanacu). Guañape, 26, 245 Guancavilcas, 168, 181, 192 Guano islands, 265, 266 note Guarco valley, 257; fortress, 258 Guarmay, 26, 247 Guanavanas (fruit), 99, 234 Guasco, chief of Andahuaylas, 315, 318 Guavas (fruit), 16, 99, 234 Guayaquil, 197, 201, 203 Guayavas (fruit), 73, 99, 234 Guevara (Juan Perez de), 280, 281 Guinea pigs, 63 note Gutierrez (Felipe), 383, 406

Haro (Hernando de) protests against the murder of Atahualpa, 292 note Harvest, Indian ceremony at, 412 Hatun-cana village, 356 Hatun-cañari buildings, 162 Hatun-colla, 369 note Hayo-hayo, 381 Heads (see Skulls). Head-dresses of Indian tribes, 145 note; of the Cañaris, 167; Indians known by them, 171-2; of chiefs on the coast, 225; different tribes collected together at Cuzco known by their head-dresses, 330; head-dress of the Cavinas, 354; of the Collas, 363 Herrada (Juan de) protests against the murder of Atahualpa, 292 note Herbs (medicinal), 398 Heredia (Pedro de), 35 note, 47 note, 113 —— (Alonzo de), 35 —— (Nicolas de), 383, 406 Hernandez (Gomez), 415 Hervay, Ynca fortress of, 259 note Hinojoso (Pedro de), 383 note —— (Ruy Sanchez de), 384 Honey (see Carbajal, Francisco de). Horuro village, 356 Huacas, 77, 228 note Huaca-camayoc or sorcerers, 413, 414 note Huaqui village, 374 Huamachuco, 287 Huambacho, 247 Huanacus, 394 Huancas, Indians, 279, 298 Huancabamba, 210, 269 Huanuco, 282, 283, 284 note, 285 Huara, 26, 248 Huaray, 293 Huarina, battle of, 9, 380 and note; village and battle, 380 Huarivilca, god of the Huancas, 300 Huascar Ynca, 272, 273 note, 421 Huayna Ccapac, Ynca, 133 note, 140, 169, 179, 193 Huaylos, province of, 286 Huayras used in the mines at Potosi, 389 Huillac-Umu, chief priest, 329 Huira-ccocha, Creator, 162; Ynca, 226 note, 308 note, 332, 338, 355, 363; God, 162, 357, 367 Huis-cacha (rabbit), 402 Hunting of the Yncas, 288 and note

Inca (see Ynca). Indies, discovery of, 11 Indians, attempts at converting, 12; of Uraba, 36-9; arms of, 71; of Arma, 70; of Antioquia, 63; sacrifices, 71; granted in Encomienda, 72 note; eat human flesh, 73; of Paucura, 75; of Pozo, 76; great warriors, 78; of Picara, 80; of Carrapa, 82; of Cali, 96-100; customs of, 101, 112, 116; of Pasto, 120; of Carangue, 138; of Otabalo, 138; Puruaes, 161; Cañaris, 162-7; of Puerto Viejo, 172-6; Guancavilcas, 181, 192; Mantas, 182; of Puna, 199; of Guayaquil, 203; of the coast (see Yuncas); of Chachapoyas, 278; Huancas, 279, 298; Charcas, 280, 315; of Huanuco, 285; of Guamanga, 310; of Cunti-suyu, 335; in the eastern forests, 339; Cavinas, 354; Canches, 355; Canas, 356; Collas, 359, 363; oppression of by the chiefs, 410 Ipiales, village of, 131 Irrigation, works of, 236 and note; at Yca, 263; near Cuzco, 354

Jerez (Garcia de), one of Pizarro’s thirteen companions, 420 note Juli village, 373 Juliaca village, 369

Ladrillo (Juan de) founds Buenaventura, 104 Ladrillero (Juan) navigates Lake Titicaca, 370 Lakes, salt, 399 (see Bombon, Titicaca). Lampa, village, harvest ceremony at, 412 La Merced church in Cuzco, 426 note Langazi, valley and inhabitants, 147 Language of Indians, 70; of Indians of Paucura, 74; Quichua grammar, 163; Quichua to be used throughout the empire of the Yncas, 146; Great variety of, 407 La Paz, 380, 381 La Plata river, supposed source, 295, (see Plata) Ledesma (Baltazar de), 423 Legends of the Huancas, 299; of the Chancas, 316; of the temple at Cacha, 357 note Lejesama (Marcio Serra de), curious will of, 124 Lile, valley of, 101, 104 Lima, 248 Limara river, 31 Limatambo, 320 and note Llacta-cunga, ruins, 143, 150 Llamas, 393 Lliclla (or mantle), 146 Loaysa, Archbishop of Lima, 227, 424 Lobos, island of, 25 Loxa, 205; Chinchona plant of, 206 Luchengo island, 31 Lunahuana river, 260; (or Runahuanac), 228

Maca, bird so-called, 175 Macana, a weapon, 49, 203 Magdalena river, 111 note Magellan’s strait, 31, 384 Maize, 233, etc. Mala, valley of, 256 and note Maldonado (Diego de), 317 and note Mama-cunas, 25, 149, 164, 369; employed in weaving, 405 Manatee, 114 Manco Ccapac, 136, 194, 329, 354, 409 Manco Ynca, 304, 306 note Mansanillo tree, 38; Juan Agraz eats a dozen apples off the mansanillo trees, 39 Mantas, 182, 184 Market at Potosi, 391 Martin (Roque), Retribution for cruelty to the Indians, 423 Maule river, 31 Mendoza (Antonio de), viceroy of Peru, 425 —— (Alonzo de), founds La Paz, 381 —— (Francisco de), 383 —— (Lope de), 384 —— (Pedro de) protests against the murder of Atahualpa, 292 note Mercadillo (Alonzo de) founds Loxa, 206, 208 Metals, precious, knowledge of, by the Peruvians, 385 Miller, General, 265 note Mines in Cañaris, 169; of emeraldsat Manta, 183; of Tarapaca, 266; of Conchucos, 293; of Potosi, 382-6; of silver in Charcas, 385; of Porco, 385; of gold in Tipuani, 386 note; in the Andes, 406 (see Gold, Silver). Mira river, 133 Miracles in favour of the Spaniards, 422 Misti volcano, 268 note Mitimaes (colonists), 149, 150, 209; at Caxamarca, 271, 328, 362 Mocha, buildings at, 154 Mohina, treasure found at, 353 Molle trees, 299, 397 Molina (Alonzo de), one of the thirteen companions of Pizarro, 420 note Mompox, city of, 114 Monasteries in Peru, 426 Mora (Diego de) protests against the murder of Atahualpa, 292 note Morgan the buccaneer, 17 note Mortuñas, a fruit near Quito, 132 Moscoso (Francisco) protests against the murder of Atahualpa, 292 note Motupe, valley, 239 Moyobamba, 280 Mulahalo, 147, 148 Muliambato, buildings of, 153 Mummies of the Yncas, 226 note; carried about at Xauxa, 227 Mungia, supply of salt from, 126 Muñoz (Miguel), founder of Cali, 87, 100 Mussels, used as food at Panama, 16

Nabonuco, a cannibal chief, 51 Names given to children, 230; signification of, 231 note; of the Yncas, 231 note; 329 note Nasca, promontory, 28; works of irrigation at, 236 note; valley, 264 Navigation, of the west coast, 19 Neyva, valley of, 94 Nicasio village, 365, 369 Nicuesa (Diego de), 33, 34 note Nombre de Dios, 16, 17 Nutibara Cacique, 46

Oca, 361 and note Ocoña valley, 29, 265 Ojeda (Alonzo de), 33, 34 note Olive trees in Peru, 401 note Ollantay-tambo, ruins at, 333 Omasuyo, 369 Ondegordo (Polo de), 387 and note Opossum (see Chuchu). Orejones, nobles of Cuzco, 193, 196, 261, 337 Orellana (Francisco de), 112, 202, 406 Orgoñez, Rodrigo, 254, 304 Otabalo, robbery by natives of, 138 Otaso (Marcos), a priest, who gives an account of a harvest ceremony of the Indians at Lampa, 412 Ovejas river, 108 Oviedo, the historian, 35 note

Pacasmayu valley, 240 Paccari-tampu, 320 note, 335 Paccay fruit, 16 Pachacamac, 251, 253, 254 Pachacutec Ynca, 269 note Pacheco (Francisco), founds Puerto Viejo, 187 ——, Juan, 417 Pachachaca river, 317 note Pallas, ladies of Cuzco, their dress, 146, 147, 277 Palms and palmitos, 36, called Pixiuares, 44, 68, 73, 100 Palta fruit, 16, 73, 99, 234 Paltas, town of, 205 Pampas river, 314 note Panama, 14, 15, 16, 17 Pancorbo, Juan de, 359 Pansaleo, 145, 147 Paria province, 381 Pariña, point of, 25 Parcos, 302 Passaos, 22; the first port in Peru, 172 Pasto, 54, 55, 120, 121, 123 Parmonga ruined fortress, 247 Patia valley, 118 Paucar-tampu, 320 note, 337 note Paucura, 74, 75 Paullu, son of Huayna Ccapac Ynca, 77, 224 note Payta, port of, 25 Paz, Martin de, one of the thirteen companions of Pizarro, 420 Pearl Islands, 20 Peccary, 37 Pedrarias, governor of Panama, 34 Pepino fruit, 234, 262 Peralta, Cristoval de, one of the thirteen companions of Pizarro, 420 Pericos-ligeros, 36 Petecuy, chief, 101 Peru, description, 128; climate, 130; natives, 135; products, 400; races in, 407 note Philip II, dedication to, 1 Piandomo river, 109 Picara, province of, 80, 81 Picoy valley, 302 Pigs, value of, 95 Pillaros Indians, 155 Piñas, puerto de, 20 Pincos, 294 Pine apples, 99 Pinto Simon, Corregidor of Chucuito, 373 Pirsa village, chief of tormented by devils, 415 Pisacoma village, 149 note Pisagua river, 30 Piscobamba, 293 Pitahaya fruit, 69 Piura valley, 213 Pixiuares palms (see Palms). Pizarro, Francisco de, at Darien, 34 note; at Gorgone, 21; hears of the arrival of Alvarado, 156; founds San Miguel, 214; Truxillo, 244; Lima, 250; interview with Almagro at Mala, 256; founds Arequipa, 268; at Caxamarca, 272; assassination of, 292 note, 353; refounds Cuzco, 329; founds Guamanga, 310; account of his thirteen companions on the island of Gallo, 419 note —— (Gonzalo), 32, 137, 187 note, 221 note, 255 note, 303, 306 note, 311, 320, 380 —— (Hernando), 253, 254, 335 Plata, island of, 24, 199 Plata, town, 382 Pocheos, river, on the coast, 213; city of, 32, 381, 382, 384 Pocona village, 384 Pocras Indians, 308 note Poison of Indians of Carthagena, 38 Pomata, 373 Popayan, 32, 54, 55, 109, 115, 124 Porco, 285 Ports between Panama and Chile, 19, 27 Pozo, 75, 76, 79 Potatoe, 360 and note; sweet potatoe, 234 Potosi mines, 384, 390, 391 Pottery, Peruvian, 404 note Pucara, 302, 368 Puelles, Pedro de, 187, 283 Puerto Viejo, 22, 174, 180, 187 Pultamarca medicinal springs, 271 note Puna, island of, 24, 198 Puruaes Indians, 154, 161 Purús river, note on by Mr. Spruce, 339

Qualmatan village, near Quito, 131 Quepaypa, battle of, 274 note Quichua language, 146, 163; meaning of the word, 316 note Quijos, 137, 147 Quilca river and port, 29, 265 Quillacingas Indians, 131 Quinua, 143 note, 361 Quinbaya province, 85, 88 Quinuchu, brother of the Cacique Nutibara, 46 Quipus, 290 Quiquixana, 354 Quito, 131, 140, 141, 144, 145 Quiximies rivers, 22 Quizquiz, general of Atahualpa, 292 note

Rain, absence of, on the coast, 214 Ransom of Atahualpa, amount, 272 note Repartimiento of Indians, 68, 208 Ribera, Nicolas, one of Pizarro’s thirteen companions, 419, 420 —— (Antonio de), introduces olives into Peru, 401 note Religion of Cañaris, 162; Guancavilcas, 181; of Mantas, 183; of Indians of Huamachuco, 289; of Canas, 357; of the Indians of the Collao, 366; of Huanuco, 285; of the coast, 221; of Huancas, 299 Retribution on Spaniards for cruelty to Indians, 422-3 Rimac river, 250 Riobamba, buildings at, 155; people, 160 Rio frio, 99 Rios (Pedro de los), 419 Roads of the Yncas, 158 and note; on the coast, 217, 218 note, 287, 290; in Huaraz, 293; from Xauxa to Guamanga, 302; along a causeway, 320; roads leading from Cuzco, 326; from Cuzco to the Collao, 253 Robledo (Jorge de), founds Antioquia, 53, 58; founds Anzerma, 65, 67, 70, 76, 77; account of death of, 79, 79 note, 81, 86; founds Cartago, 92, 94, 102; retribution for cruelty to Indians, 422 Rojas (Gabriel de), 156 —— (Diego de), 383, 406 Romero (Pedro), 94 —— (Payo), killed by Indians, 107 Ruins at Mulahalo, 147; at Callo, 148; Riobamba, 155; Hatun Cañari, 162; Tumebamba, 165; at Parmonga, 247; of fortress of Guarco, 259 note; Nasca, 264 note; Pachacamac, 284; Chimu, 242; Huanuco, 284 note; Huarivilca in Xuaxa valley, 299; Viñaque, near Guamanga, 309; Vilcas, 313; Limatambo, 320; fortress of Cuzco, 323 note; Ollantaytambo, 333 note; Sillustani, 364 note; Hatun-colla, 369; Tiahuanaco, 375 Ruiz (Bartolomé), the pilot, one of the thirteen companions of Pizarro, 420 note Rumichaca, natural bridge near Quito, 132 Runa-huanac (see Lunahuana).

Saavedra (Juan de), 157, 159 note, 185 Sacsahuana (see Xaquixaguana). Salt, supply of, 124-27 San Cristoval hill, 250 note Sana valley, 240 San Domingo, tower of, at Lima, 426 note San Francisco, cape of, 22 San Gallan, 27 San Lorenzo, cape of, 23 San Juan river, 55, 106 San Juan de la Frontera, 306 San Martin (Fray Tomas de), 373; bishop of Charcas, 425 San Miguel founded, 213-14 San Nicolas point, 28 San Sebastian de Uraba, 32, 40, 41 Santa, village, 245, 246 Santa Clara island, 24 Santa Elena point, 23, 189 Santa Fé mining establishment, 58 Santa Maria, Cape, 31 Santa Maria (Fray Juan de), 417 Santa Martha river, 54, 66, 108, 111 Santiago bay and river, 31, 172, 260 —— city, 31 Santo Tomas (Fray Domingo de), author of a Quichua grammar, 163; his great knowledge of the Indians, 219; a notable searcher into Indian secrets, 224; founds a monastery, 242, 427 Santillan (Hernando de), judge of the Audience, 425 Sapana, a chief of the Collao, 363, 369 Saravia (Dr. Bravo de), a judge of the Audience, 205, 425 Sardinas, anchorage of, 21 Sarsaparilla, 200, 395 Sayri Tupac, 272 note Schinus Molle, 299 Seal Island, 27-28 Seravia (see Saravia) Serranos, 184, 218 Sicasica village, 381 Sichos Indians, 155 Silver veins at Potosi, 388; of Charcas, 385; of Potosi, 386; mode of extracting, 388, 389 Silversmiths, Peruvian, 404 note Sipisipe village, 383 Sheep, Peruvian, 392, 394 note Skulls. Chances Indians flatten the skulls of their infants, 96; at Pachacamac, 252 note; skulls flattened in the Collao, 363 Sloth, 36 Snakes, 42, 338 Solana, on the coast, 213 Solano (Juan), Bishop of Cuzco, 424 Soria Luce (Domingo de), one of the thirteen companions of Pizarro, 420 Sosa (Herman Rodriguez de), retribution for cruelty to Indians, 423 Springs, medicinal, 271 note, 400 note Storehouses of the Yncas, 290 Supay, the Peruvian Devil, 224 Surite, 321 note

Tacama point, 30 Tacurumbi river, 86 —— Cacique gives Robledo a cup of gold, 86 Tafur (Juan) sent to bring back Pizarro’s party, 419 Tamara (Tarma), 286 Tamaraqunga, Cacique, sorely vexed by devils, who sought to hinder his conversion, 415-18 Tambo (see Ollantay-tambo). Tamboblanco, 205 Tambopalla, 29 Tampus (inns and storehouses), 161, 290 Tangarara, original site of Piura, 214 Tapacari village, 383 Tar at point Santa Elena, 191 Tarapaca, 30, 128, 205, 266 Tarma (Tamara), 286-296 Temple of the Sun at Tumebamba, 165; Pachacamac, 251-4; at Caxamarca, 271; at Huanuco, 284; at Cuzco, 328; at Vilcas, 313; at Ancocahua, 357; at Hatun Colla, 369; on the island of Titicaca, 372 note Teocaxas, great battle at, 161 Texelo (Jeronimo Luis), price he gave for a shoemaker’s knife, 94 Tiahuanaco, 374 to 379 Timbas province, 103 Ticeviracocha, 299 Tiquisambi, buildings of, 162 Titicaca, lake of, 370, 371; island of, 372 Tobar (Francisco, Garcia de), retribution for cruelty to the Indians, 422 Toledo (Garcia Gutierrez de), discovery of treasure by, 243 note Tombs (see burial of the dead) of the Collao, 364 note Topocalma, port of, 31 Topu, or ornamental pin, 146 Torre (Juan de la), 221 note; one of Pizarro’s thirteen companions, 419, 420 Totora village, 383 Treasure found in the ruins of Chimu, 243 note; found by Juan de la Torre, 221; vast quantity of, buried, 77; collected for Atahualpa’s ransom, 272 note Trees of Peru, 129, 142, 235, 239, 397; fruit trees, 234; suggestion of Cieza de Leon to form plantations of, 401 (see Palms). Truxillo, 26, 186, 242, 244 Tumbala, lord of Puna, 195 Tumbez, river of, 23; desert of, 128, 213; fortress, 193; Pedro de Candia lands at, 193 note, 420 note Tumebamba, 165 Tuqueme, coast valley of, 239 Tuquma, province, 383 Turbaco, town, 33; great battle of, 34 note Tupac Ynca Yupanqui, 147, 149, 165, 169, 178, 192, 217, 261, 269, 313, 337, 357 Tusa, last village of the Pastos, on the road to Quito, 132

Uchillo, valleys of, 147 Uchu (see Aji). Umu, a priest, 414 and note Uraba, port, 32, 35; Indians of, 36 to 39, 41 Urcos village, 354 Urco (male llama), 393, 231 Urochombe, the woman from whom the Huancas were descended, 298 Ursua (Pedro de), 281 note Usutas (sandals), 146 Uzedo (Diego de) goes with Cieza de Leon to Charcas, 365

Vaca de Castro (see Castro). Vadillo (Juan de), 40, 47 note, 50; his fate, 53 note, 57; sufferings of his party, 60, 62, 94, 97, 124 Valdivia, 31 —— (Pedro de) joins Gasca, 318 note Valle (Juan), Bishop of Popayan, 425 Valparaiso, 31 Valverde (Vincente de), 300 note; Bishop of Cuzco, 424 Varagas (Juan de) held the Indians of Tiahuanaco in encomienda, 379 Vasco (Nuñez de Balboa), 34 note Velasco (Pedro de) collects honey at Cartago, 91 Verdugo (Melchor), 275 note Vergara (Pedro de), 205 Viacha, village of, 380 Vicuña, 288, 289 note, 394, 396 note; cloth woven from wool of, 405 Vilcamayu, valley of, 331 note, 354 note Vilcas, ruins at, 312, 313, 314 note Villa-diego (Captain) sent against the Ynca Manco, 305 Villaroel discovers the mines of Potosi, 386 Viñaque river and ruins, 309, 379 Vineyards, 235 Viracocha (see Huira-ccocha). Viraratu, Indian chief, arrives in Peru, 281 note Virgins of the Sun, 136 (see Mamacunas). Viticos, Ynca Manco retires to, 304 Volcano of Cotopaxi, 147 note; Arequipa, 268 note Vuilla, a fruit, 69

Weapons, 39, 49, 355 Wheat introduced into Peru, 400; much grown near Guamanga, 309 Winds on the coast of Peru, 19 note

Xamundi river, 107 Xaquixaguana, battle of, 9, 32, 150; plain, 320, 321 note Xauxa river, 296; valley, 297 Xayanca valley, 239 Ximon (Pedro) killed by a snake, 43 Xixarama, name of the devil among the Anzerma Indians, 64 Xuta, bird so called, 175

Yahuar-cocha, dreadful slaughter at, by the Ynca Huayna Ccapac, 133 Yahuar-huaccac Ynca, 280 note Yahuar-pampa, battle of, 280 note Yana-cuna, 391 and note Yca, valley of, 263, 264 note Yguana, kind of lizard, 42 Ylo, port of, 265 Yncas, origin of, 136; government of, 149, 153, 164; discovery of embalmed bodies of three Yncas, mode of interment, 226; wars of, 409; names of, 329 note (see Manco Ccapac, Huira-ccocha, Tupac Ynca Yupanqui, Huayna Ccapac, Atahualpa, Manco Ynca, and Ynca Yupanqui). Ynca Yupanqui, 169, 217, 261, 269, 270 note, 338 Yrrua, Indian chief, 82, 409 Ytata river, 31 Yuca, an edible root, 233 Yucay, valley of, 354 Yumalla, chief of the Collao, 373 Yumbo forests, 147 Yunca, meaning of the word, 162, 209, 218; Indians on the coast, 219; their method of burial, 223, 232; their industry, 237

Zepita village, 37