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The Story of Genesis and Exodus

THE STORY OF GENESIS AND EXODUS, ETC. (continued 4)

Reading edition

1121

So ist nu forwent mirie dale, So is there now changed merry (pleasant) dale.

ist = is + it, is it, there is. 1125 deades driuen, held (influenced) of (by) death.

P. 33. l. 1127 They say the trees that are near it, come to maturity in time, and bring forth fruit and thrive, but when their apples are ripe, fire-ashes one may see therein. fier-isles, fire-ashes. For the meaning of isle, see Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Vsle. 1131-2 That land is called dale of salt, many a one taketh thereof little heed (account).

"Of thair schepe thai gif na tale, Whether thai be seke or hale."—(MS. Harl. 4196, fol. 92.)

1137 biggede, dwelt. It signifies more properly to build. 1139-40 Here is an allusion to the destruction of the world by fire mentioned in lines 640-644, p. 19. Those maidens erewhile heard some say that fire should all this world consume. 1140 forsweðen, to burn up entirely, from the O.E. swethe or swithe, to burn, scorch. See Ancren Riwle, p. 306 (footnote). Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. swythe. 1142 fieres wreche, vengeance (plague) of fire. 1143-4 The Cursor Mundi says that Lot's daughters seeing only their father, thought that all men had perished.

"Bot Loth him held þat cave wit-in, He and his doghtres tuin; For þai nan bot þair fadre sau, Þai wend alle men war don odau, Thoru þat ilk waful wrak; Þe elder to þe yonger spak: 'Sister to þe in dern I sai, Þou seis þe folk er alle awai; Bot Loth our fader es carman (male) nan, Bot we twa left es na womman; I think mankind sal perist be, Bot it be stord wit me and þe.'"—(fol. 18.)

1147 vnder-gon, (1) to go under, (2) to cheat, deceive. In line 1160 under-gon = to undertake, take up again.

Cp.

"ȝet our by-leave wole onder-gon, That thyse thre (Persons of the Trinity) beth ryȝt al on." —(Shoreham, p. 142.)

"Ope the heȝe eȝtynde day He onder-ȝede the Gywen lay."—(Ibid. p. 122.)

"And tus adam he [Christ] under-gede, reisede him up, and al mankin, ðat was fallen to helle dim."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 22.)

1151 eiðer here, each of them. Cf. O.E. eiðer eȝe, each eye, both eyes. 1159-60 Now behoveth us to turn back and take up the song concerning Abraham.

1162

Wið reuli lote and frigti mod. With mournful cheer and frightened mood (mind).

reuli = sad, rueful, from the verb rue, to pity, compassionate, grieve for. Cf. O.E. rueness, compassion; Ruer, a merciful person; reuthe, pity.

"He saith 'we ben ybore euerichone Making sorwe and reuly mone.'"—(MS. Addit. 11305.)

lote, fare, cheer.

"Þis isah þe leodking grimme heore lates." The king saw this, their grim gestures. —(Laȝ. ii., 245.)

"Þat freond sæiðe to freonde, mid fæire loten hende, 'Leofue freond, wæs hail!'" That friend saieth to his friend With fair comely looks, "Dear friend, wassail!" —(Ibid. ii., 175.)

P. 34. l. 1163 Roke, East Anglian for reke, smoke. See Prompt. Parv. p. 436; Beve's, l. 2471.

1164

And ðe brinfires stinken smoke, And the sulphur's stinking smoke.

1186

And his yuel sort was ouer-gon, And his evil lot was passed.

1188

ða ðe swinacie gan him nunmor deren, When the quinsy did him no more vex (annoy).

Our author or his transcriber is certainly wrong about the "swinacie;" for the punishment of "lecher-craft" was meselry (leprosy), the quinsy being the penalty for gluttony. The seven deadly sins were thus to be punished in Purgatory:—

1. Pride, by a daily fever.

2. Covetousness, " the dropsy.

3. Sloth, " the gout.

4. Envy, " boils, ulcers, and blains.

5. Wrath, " the palsy.

6. Gluttony, " the quinsy.

7. Lechery, " meselry or leprosy.

1192 ðat faire blod, that fair woman. blod in O.E. was used as a term of the common gender, as also were such words as girl, maid, etc. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. blod.

1193

Bad hire ðor hir wið heuod ben hid = Bad hire ðor-wið hir heuod ben hid? Bad her there-with her head to be hid, (That is, she was to buy a veil for her head).

1194 timing, good-fortune, happiness. See note to line 1180. 1195 bi-sewen, be seen. so in this line seems an unnecessary addition of the scribe's. 1197 wurd = wurð, became; on elde wac, in age weak (feeble). Woc = weak; the older form is wac. See Laȝ. ii. 24, 195, 411.

"Forr icc amm i me sellfenn wac, & full off unntrummnesse."—(Orm. ii. 285.)

"Vor nout makeð hire woc but sunne one." For nought maketh hir weak but sin only. —(Ancren Riwle, p. 4.)

See O.E. Miscell. p. 135; ll. 581, 595.

1198 trimede is, perhaps, for timede = teemed = brought forth; if not it must be referred to O.E. trumen. See trimen in l. 1024.

P. 35. l. 1200 a-buten schoren = about shorn, is merely the explanation of circumcized.

"O thritte yeir fra he was born, was ysmael wen he was schorn."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 16b.)

1201 lay is another form of law. Cf. O.E. daye and dawe. 1204 al swilk sel, even at such time. 1206 is told, is reckoned. 1208 fro teding don, removed from his mother's care (?). teding = tending (?), nursing, care, not teðing = teething. "fro teding don" in the Cursor Mundi is expressed by the phrase spaned fra the pap = weaned from the breast.

1209

Michel gestninge made abraham, great feasting or entertainment made Abraham.

gestninge (feasting) seems to be the same as the S.Saxon gistninge, a banquet. The original meaning is hospitality; O.E. gesten, to entertain a guest; S.Sax. gistnen, to lodge. See Ancren Riwle, p. 288a, 414. Laȝ. ii. 172.

1212

And ysmael was him vn-swac, And Ishmael was to him (Isaac) disagreeable.

vn-swac, displeasing, distasteful. There is no such word as un-swæc to be found in the A.Sax. glossaries, but we have swæc, savour, taste, from which I have deduced the meaning here given to un-swac. See Ancren Riwle, p. 48, where spekung = swekung, and cp. swæc, stenc, and hrepung, in Ælfric's Hom. i. 138.

1213 un-framen, to annoy, from O.E. frame, to benefit, to profit.

1216 Hir was ysmaeles anger loð, To her was Ishmael's anger displeasing.

1217 Ghe bi-mente hire to abraham, She bemoaned her to Abraham. bimente = pret. of bimene, to complain, lament.

"bimene we us, we hauen don wrong."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 25; see R. of Gloucester, p. 490.)

1220 dwale, complaint, grief. See l. 1037.

"Be þu neuere to bold, to chiden agen oni scold, ne mid mani tales to chiden agen alle dwales." (O.E. Miscell., p. 127. See p. 126, l. 414.)

1221 rapede, hastened, hurried away. See Rich. Cœur de Lion, 2206.

"The wretche stiward ne might nowt slape; Ac in the morewing he gan up rape."—(Seven Sages, l. 1620.)

"The king saide, 'I ne have no rape (I am in no hurry) For me lest yit ful wel slape.'"—(Ibid. l. 1631.)

1224

In sumertid, In egest sel, In summer time, in the highest time (the hottest season) of the year.

Cp. 'in a hyȝ seysoun.'—Allit. Poems, p. 2, l. 39. 1228 hete gram, fierce heat. 1229 wexon ðrist. The sense requires us to read wex on ðrist, with fatigue and heat thirst waxed on them.

1231

Tid-like hem gan ðat water laken, Soon did that water fail them.

P. 36. l. 1238

Bi al-so fer so a boge mai ten, By as far as a bow may reach.

1239 sik and sor, sighing and sadness. 1241 dede hire reed, brought her help.

1242

An angel meðede hire ðat ned, An angel alleviated her distress.

hire is the dative of the personal pronoun. 1244 seli timing, a fortunate occurrence. See note to l. 1180. 1247 nam fro ðan, went from that place. fro ðan = Sc. fra thine, from thence. 1252 mikil and rif, great (powerful) and wide-spread. 1254 In Arabia his kin dwell. 1258 kungriche = kineriche, kingdom. Cf. kungdom = kunedon = kingdom, l. 1260. kunglond, kunelond = kinglond, kingdom, l. 1262. guglond = kunglond, kingdom, l. 1264.

1261-2

His ninth son was Tema, Wherefore is there a kingdom called Teman.

1264

Het a guglond esten (eften ?) fro ða, Was called a kingdom afterwards from that time.

esten fro ða = eastwards from those other kingdoms. 1269 siker pligt, firm, sure pledge.

P. 37. l. 1275 feren pligt, pledged fellows.

1279

ðog [it] was nogt is kinde lond, Nevertheless it was not his native land.

1280

Richere he it leet ðan he it fond, richer he left it than he found it.

1290

On an hil ðor ic sal taunen ðe, on a hill where I shall show thee.

1292 ðat he bed him two [to ?], that he commanded him to go to. two, an error for to. See l. 3752. 1295-6 They say on that hill's side was made the temple of Solomon. 1295 dune-is siðen = dune-is siden, down's (hill's) sides. 1299 buxum o rigt, rightly obedient. 1301 sagt, an error for sag (saw). See l. 1334.

P. 38. l. 1308

ðo wurð ðe child witter and war, Then became the child wise and wary.

1315-20

Wonderfully art thou in the world come, Wonderfully shalt thou be hence taken; Without long suffering and fight (struggle) God will thee take from world's night, And of thyself holocaust have, Thank Him that He would it crave (demand).

1317 ðhrowing = throe, suffering, agony.

"ðrowwinge and pine."—(Orm. ii. 174.)

"Vor soð wisdom is don euere soule-hele biuoren flesches hele: and hwon me ne mei nout boðe holden somed, cheosen er licomes hurt þen þuruh to stronge vondunges, soule þrowunge."—(Ancren Riwle, p. 372.) For true wisdom is ever to put soul-health before flesh-health, and when one may not hold both together, to choose rather bodily hurt than, through too strong trials, soul-agony (death). 1323 Supply don after wulde. 1328 nuge = nog, now. 1331 frigti fagen may be either frigti and fagen, timid and glad, or else frigti-fagen, timidly glad.

1332 for ysaac bi-leaf un-slagen, for Isaac remained unslain.

1333 Bi-aften, behind, abaft.

"Tacc þær an shep bafftenn þin bacc and offre itt forr þe wennchell."—(Orm. ii. 156.)

1336 on ysaac stede, instead of Isaac.

P. 39. l. 1345

Sarra was fagen in kindes wune, Sarah was naturally glad.

in kindes wune = after the manner of kinde (nature); kindes wune = kind-wise, kin-wise. 1365 semeð is an error for semes, burdens, loads, or for semed, burdened, loaded. See l. 1368. seme is properly a load for a pack-horse.

"An hors is strengur than a mon, Ac for hit non i-wit ne kon, Hit berth on rugge grete semes, And draȝth bi-vore grete temes." —(Owl and Nightingale, ed. Wright, p. 27.)

1372 min erdne ðu forðe selðhelike, mine errand do thou perform, accomplish successfully. forðe = forðen. See Orm. l. 1834; Ancren Riwle, p. 408; Laȝ. l. 31561. 1373 lene, grant, still exists in lend, loan, etc.

1375

He bad hise bede on good sel, He offered his prayer (in good time) opportunely.

P. 40. l. 1379 ilc on = each one.

1382

Ne wor nogt so forð ðeuwe numen, The custom had not been so forth (up to that time) practised.

1388 bofte = bi-ofte, behoof; cf. O.E. byefþe, bi-ofþe. See l. 1408. 1390 beges = bracelets, armlets, probably from A.Sax. bugan (= beogan), to bow, to bend. The original meaning of beg is crown. In Piers Ploughman 346, beighe signifies a collar. In the Middle High German version of the Book of Genesis (ed. Diemer) it is stated that Eliezer, for love, gave Rebekah

"Zwêne ôringe und zuêne arm-pouge ûz alrôteme golde."

1391 ghe seems to be an error for he. 1394 kiddit = made it known, showed it. 1397 good grið = good entertainment. 1398 Him (the dative of the personal pronoun), for him.

1404

Quilc selðe and welðhe him wel bi-cam, What prosperity and wealth had well befallen him.

1409 wið-ðan, with-that, thereupon.

1410

fagneden wel ðis sondere man, welcomed well this messenger.

fagnen is literally to make fain or glad, to welcome, entertain; sondere man. The proper form is sondes-man. Ancren Riwle, p. 190. Cf. loder-man for lodes-man, l. 4110, p. 117; and sander-bodes, O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 89.

P. 41. ll. 1411-12

When God hath it so ordained, As he sendeth so it shall be.

1417 garen, to prepare (to set out), to make yare, to get ready.

1419-20

For entreaty nor meed not would he there. Over one night delay no (any) more.

drechen is (1) to trouble, annoy, (2) to hinder, delay.

(1) "Sir Pilates wife dame Porcula Tille hir Lord thus gan say— 'Deme ȝe noght Ihesus tille ne fra, Bot menske him that ȝe may I have bene drechid with dremes swa, This ilk night als I lay.'" —(Gospel of Nichodemus, Harl. MS. 4196.)

(2) "Quhen Claudius þe manhed kend Of þe Brettownys, he message send Tyl Arẅyragus, þan þe kyng Þat Brettayne had in governyng, For til amese all were and stryfe, And tak his dochtyr til his wyfe, And to Rowme þat Tribwte pay Wycht-owtyn drychyng or delay."—(Wyntown, vol. i. p. 92.)

In the Cursor Mundi we are told that wanhope (despair) causes

"Lathnes to kirc at sermon here Dreching o scrift (delay of shrift)," etc.—(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii.)

1427 Or or first ere, i.e. before. 1428 morgen-giwe = morgen-giue, nuptial gift, the morning gift, the gift of the husband presented to the wife on the morning after marriage. See Ancren Riwle, p. 94. Hali Meid. p. 39. 1430 godun dai, good day. godun = godne, the accusative of the adjective.

"He let clipie þe saterday: Þe freres bifore him alle And bed alle godne day."—(St Dunstan, l. 200.)

1434 sondes fare, the journey of the messenger (Eliezer). 1437 on felde = the O.E. afelde. 1439 Eððede = eðede, alleviated, is connected with the O.E. eþe (eað), easy, and literally signifies softened. 1440 Of faiger waspene, of fair form; waspene is evidently an error for wasteme or wastene. "He seh þeos seli meiden marherete ... þe schimede ant schan al of wlite (face) ant of wastum (form)."—(Seinte Marherete, p. 2.) "In þis burh was wuniende a meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, two wone of twenti, feir ant freolich o wlite & o westum."—(St Kath. p. 69.) 1442 Here samening, their union, intercourse.

1444

And sge ne bi-spac him neuere a del. And she contradicted him never a whit.

bispeke in O.E. also signifies to threaten. See Castle of Love, l. 221.

P. 42. l. 1448

Abraham dede hem siðen sundri wunen, Abraham assigned them afterwards sundry abodes.

1456

Him bi-stoden wurlike and wel, Mourned for (bewailed) him worthily and well.

See ll. 716, 3857. wurlike = wurðlike, worthily. 1461-4 Long it was ere she him child bare, And he entreated God, when he became aware of it (i.e. that Rebekah was barren), That he should fulfil that promise, That he to Abraham erewhile made. 1463 fillen, to fulfil, accomplish. See Orm. i. 91. quede, promise, saying, is the same as the O.E. quede, a bequest, quide, a saying, from queðe, to say, still existing in quoth. See Laȝ. i. 38, 43; ii. 151, 197, 613 ; iii. 3; Orm. ii. 321.

1467-8

At one burden she bore Two, who were to her akin of blood.

sibbe blod = O.H.G. sippe-bluot, blood relatives. Perhaps this line was inserted by the author on account of the popular belief at this time, that the birth of twins was an indication of unfaithfulness on the part of the woman to her husband. 1469-71 Also it seemed to her day and night, As (though) they wrought in fight (struggling, conflict), Which of them should first be born. 1470 "And the children struggled together within her."—(Gen. xxv. 22.) The following curious paraphrase of this passage occurs in the Cursor Mundi, fol. 20b:—

"His wiif (Rebekah) þat lang had child forgane, Now sco bredes tua for ane, Tuinlinges þat hir thoght na gamen, Þat in hir womb oft faght samen. Swa hard wit-in hir wamb þai faght, Þat sco ne might rest dai ne naght; At pray to Godd ai was sco prest, To rede hir quat þat hir was best; Þat hir war best he wald hir rede. Hir liif was likest to þe ded (death). Strang weird was giuen to þam o were, Þat þai moght noght þair strif forbere Til þai had o þaim-seluen might To se quarfor þat þai suld fight. Fra biginning o þe werld O suilk a wer was never herd, Ne suilk a striif o childer tuin Þat lai þer moder wamb wit-in. Þair strut it was vn-stern stith, Wit wrathli wrestes aiþer writh. Bituix unborn a batel blind, Suilk an was ferli to find. He þat on þe right side lai Þe tother him wraisted oft awai; And he þat lay upon þe left, Þe tother oft his sted him reft."

1470 and = an = in; or else figt must be an error for fagt = fought; and nigt = nagt. 1477 Ghe is evidently an error for ghet or get, yet. liues = alive. Cf. newes, anew, etc.

P. 43. l. 1484 swete mel, sweet meal (food), not sweet speech. "And Isaac loved Esau, because he did eat of his venison."—(Gen. xxv. 28.) 1487 seð a mete, sod a meat. "sod pottage."—(Gen. xxv. 29.) 1493 mattilike weri = mattilike and weri, overcome (faint) and weary. Mattilike is connected with the O.E. mat, mote, faint, half dead. See Allit. Poems, p. 12, l. 386.

1494

Iacob wurð war he was gredi, Jacob became aware that he (Esau) was hungry. —(See Gloss. s.v. Gredi.)

1495-6 "Brother," quoth he, "sell me those privileges Which are said to be the first (eldest) son's." 1499 bliðelike, quickly; blithelike has often this sense in O.E. writers. 1501 wurði wune, a worthy (high, great) privilege. 1503 offrende sel, offering time.

1504

Was wune ben scrid semelike and wel, Was wont to be clothed seemly and well.

1506 dede his ending, came to his end (died). 1507 heg tide, hey (high) days. 1510 twinne del, two-fold. 1511-12 And when the father were (should be) buried, to have two portions of hereditary property. ereward = erfeward, is properly the guardian, keeper of the erfe or inheritance, and hence the heir, so that instead of ereward riche we ought to read ereward-riche, corresponding to the A.Sax. yrfe-land, hereditary land. The -riche is the affix found in O.E. heven-riche, heaven kingdom; kine-riche, a kingdom; E. bishoprick. The -ward (in ereward) = warder, keeper, is found in O.E. gate-ward, dore-ward (door-keeper), bat-ward (boat-keeper); hey-ward (farm-yard keeper); sti-ward (steward, the officer who originally had care of the highways or sties?).

P. 44. l. 1514 then, an error for ten, to go. 1515 in wis, in wise, so that; but may we not read in-wis = i-wis, indeed, truly? See l. 2521. 1518 Holden wurðelike, esteemed honourably, held in honour, respect; a may be for and, or for aa = aye, ever.

1519-20

A hundred times as much waxed his honour, So may God prosper where he will.

1521

Niðede ðat folk [ðat] him fel wel, That folk envied him because he prospered.

1522 And made him change his abode; flitten is to remove, to flit.

"O land he (Noe) had ful grette plenté, For him and for his sons thre; Mast to tilth he gave him þan, To flitt þe breres he bigan; Sua lang wit flitting he þam sloght, Þat wine-treis he þam wroght." —(Cursor Mundi, fol. 13.)

1524 trewðe fest, troth-fast, pledged by troth or plighted faith; fest has usually the sense of confirming, pledging, in O.E.

"Þis neu forward (covenant) was festened þan." —(Cursor Mundi, fol. 23.)

1527-28

And age came upon Isaac, He became sightless and weak of (with) age.

elde swac = eldes wac, weak of (with) age. 1531 ðat, what. 1535 brogtes, brought them. 1536 And she well knew the father's choice; kire answers exactly to the later gloss, wune = what is chosen, selected; S. Sax. cure, choice.

"Þer stoden in þere temple ten þusend monnen þet wes þe bezste cure Of al Brut-londe."—Laȝ. i. 345.

1537 And made exceedingly good, or very opportunely, that meat; on sele = on-sele, good, literally timely, opportunely; S.Sax. on sele, safely. See note on l. 1542.

"Cnihtes fuseð me mid leteð slæpen þene king And fare we on sele."—Laȝ. i. 32.

sæ-men æfter fóron flód-wége folc wæs on salum. The sea men after marched the flood way the folk prospered (was in prosperity). —(Cædmon, 184, 13.)

"And þas word saide Brutus þe sele (the good)."—Laȝ. i. 30.

"haueð mi fader bi þære sæ Castel swiðe sæle."—(Ibid. ii. 14.)

1544 For he handled him and found him rough. 1545 When he knew him, opportunely he blessed him, faithfully and well. on gode sel, in good time, opportunely. See note to l. 1542.

P. 45. ll. 1547-8

Heaven's dew and earth's fatness, Abundance of wine and oil.

1550 Supply and after migt.

1565-6

Quoth Esau, "right is his name Called Jacob, to my disadvantage."

1569-70

Nevertheless, dear father, intreat I thee That thou give me some blessing.

1573 erðes smere, earth's fatness; smere is properly fat, grease, butter. In the Orm. ii. 106 it is used in the sense of ointment. 1574 granted him blessing that was precious to him; gere is evidently an error for dere, beloved, dear, precious.

1575-6

For Idumea, that rich land, Of pasture good, was in his hand.

lewse, cf. O.E. leswen, to pasture; lezzer[398] (Shropshire), a pasture-land. (Wicliffe, 1 Kings xvi. 11; 1 Cor. ix. 7; Luke viii. 34.) "If ony man schal entre by me, he schal be saved; and he schal go yn, and schal go out, and he schal fynde lesewis." (Wicliffe, St John x. 9.) "Egipte aȝenst kynde of oþer londes haþ plenté of corn; he is bareyne of lesue, and whan he haþ plenté of lesue it is bareyne of corn." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicon, vol. 1, p. 131.)

1577-8

Quoth Esau, "The time of mourning shall pass away, And I shall take vengeance of (on) Jacob."

1577 grot is a noun formed from the vb. to grete (to weep, mourn), just as wop is from wepe (weep). It is the same as the O.E. gret, grete, cry, outcry.

"Be thou there," quoth she, "till Esau Appeased be, who rages now."

Eðe-moðed (= eðe-moded) is literally easy-minded, humble, mild, and hence soft-mooded, appeased. S.Sax. edmod, eadmodied, edmodie. See Laȝ. ii. 554; Ancren Riwle, 246, 278. The insertion of be is necessary to the metre as well as to the sense.

1588-9

Esau married in order to annoy us When he allied (himself to kin of Canaan) and is so foolish.

1591-2

Wherefore he maketh him stubborn and strong, For he is mixed amongst that kin.

1594

Ne bode ic no lengere werldes lif, I could endure (abide) no longer world's life.

1605 an soðe drem, in true dream. 1606 heuene bem = heaven-beam (?), the sun (?). 1610 Lened = leaned; but the MS. also sanctions leued = remained; and [Jacob] wurð ut-suuen, and Jacob became cast out of (aroused from) his sleep. 1615 i = ic, I. It is common to find i before sal, instead of the fuller ic.

P. 47. l. 1620 amongus = amonges = amongst. 1621 a-gen cumen = agen-cumen, return. 1623 for muniging = for a memorial. 1624 And get on olige = and poured on oil; olige = the O.E. olie, elye = oil; anelye, to anoint. 1636 A well well-covered under a stone. 1638 abiden (= abode) is the pret. pl. of abide. 1641 sulden samen = should assemble.

1649

Iacob wið hire wente ðat ston, Jacob for her removed that stone.

wið in O.E. signifies in, for, against, etc.

1651-2

And he made known he was her aunt's son, And kissed her after kins-wise (as a relative).

mouies is properly a female relative; S.Sax. mawe, moȝe, mowe, and must be distinguished from mæi, mey, may, etc., a male relative. "Þis ȝet þuncheð me wurst þæt tu þe ane hauest ouergan þi feder ant ti moder, meies ba ant mehen." (St Marherete, p. 16.)

"Nu is afered of þe þi mei and þi mowe; Alle heo wereð þe weden þat er weren þin owe."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 178.)

We occasionally, as in this instance, meet with the word in a more limited sense.

"Annd hire meȝhe Elysabaeþ Wass gladd inoh & bliþe Off hire dere child Iohan, And lefliȝ ȝho himm fedd."—(Orm. i. 109.)

"Has þou her," þai said, "ani man, Sun or dogter, mik or mau To þe langand, or hei or lau."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.)

We even find a confusion between the two terms, as in l. 1761, p. 51, and in the following passage:

"Loth went and til his maues (sons-in-law) spak." —(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.)

P. 48. ll. 1655-6 Laban welcomed him (Isaac's son travelled from afar) in friend's wise (friendly); feren = S.Sax. feorren, afar, far, from a distance. (See Ancren Riwle, p. 70, l. 3888.)

"The sonne, and monne, and many sterren By easte aryseth swythe ferren."—(Shoreham, p. 137.)

1658 and laban herte ranc = and Laban's heart was wrung (with pity)? for ranc read wranc = wrang. 1666 wað = quað, quoth, spoke. 1668 wið skil, in reason, reasonably.

1671

Luue wel michil it agte a-wold Love so great it ought prevail.

agte awold, have in power, prevail, avail. Cp. "Þerfore everyche Romayn overcomeþ oþer is overcome wiþ flaterynge and wiþ faire wordes; and ȝif wordes failleþ, ȝiftes schal hym awelde." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicum, vol. i. p. 253.) 1676 tog = toc = took.

1681

long wune is her driuen, long custom is here held (practised).

P. 49. l. 1693 londes kire, custom of the land (country). 1700 caldes, called them. Cf. calde is in l. 1702. 1706 ille bi-nam, foully ravished. 1712 charen, to depart, literally to turn. 1713 ðelde an error for gelde = should requite.

1713-14

Unless Laban should reward better His service, and withhold (retain) him yet.

1715 serue he scriðed = he entreated him to serve.

1719-26

Covenant is made of all sheep, Jacob should take charge of those of one colour, And if of those, spotted ones came, Those should be taken for hire (wages). Sheep or goat, speckled, streaked, or gray, Are placed from Jacob far away; Nevertheless those of one colour Bore many unlike and dissimilar.

P. 50. l. 1723 haswed = haswe, "livid, a sad colour mixed with blue." It also signifies rugged, shaggy. 1726 vn-like = unlike in colour. It may be, however, an error for on-like = alike; likeles, unlike, dissimilar in form. 1729 ðe sunder bles, the diverse coloured ones. 1736 To be under him longer is displeasing to him. 1740 clipping time, shearing time. See Allit. Poems, A. 802. 1747 for-olen = for-holen, secreted.

P. 51. l. 1758

ðus meðelike spac ðis em, thus kindly (mildly) spake this uncle.

1761-2

My relative, my nephew, my fellow (companion) Thou oughtest not to do me such unlawfulness (wrong).

mog. See note to l. 1651.

1763-4

I was afraid it might occur to thee To take thy daughters from me.

1765 fro an error for for (?).

1767

Theft I deny, that is my advice, That he be dead (put to death) with whom thou findest them (thy gods).

1768-9 is = them. 1771 yuel ist bi-togen, evil is there accused = wrongfully has accusation been made, i. e. I am accused of a crime. bitogen, the p.p. of biteon, signifies also befallen. bitogen may be an error for bilogen. 1772 My labour about thy property is drawn (taken up), i. e. I am troubled about thy property. 1774 And to me was thine honour dear; wurðing = honour, respect, good opinion. 1775 fend sule wit ben, friends shall we two be. 1776 And troth plight (pledge) now us two between. 1779 glað = glad. 1782 Turned backward ere it was light. 1783 of weie rad, quickly away. of liues = alive; of kin = akin. 1784 Soon was he far from Laban separated. 1786 Engel-wirð = engel-wird, a troop, multitude of angels.

"Þer wes Bruttene weored baldeliche isomned."—(Laȝ. ii. 412.)

1787 wopnede here, a weaponed (armed) host.

"iwepned wel alle heo wenden to þan walle."—(Laȝ. i. 401.)

"& sone anan se þiss wass seȝȝd Þurrh an off Godess enngless, A mikell here off enngleþeod Wass cumenn ut of heoffne, & all þatt hirdeflocc hemm sahh & herrde whatt teȝȝ sungenn."—(Orm. i. 115.)

"He comuth with so gret here Wondur is the ground may heom beore."—(Kyng Alys., p. 91, l. 2101.)

P. 52. l. 1797-8

And Jacob sent far before Him rich gifts, and sundry bearers.

1798 loac = lac, loc, a gift, present.

"ðe riche reoðeren & scheop & bule, hwa se mihte brohten to lake."—(St. Kath. 63.)

"And bi þatt allterr wass þe lac O fele wise ȝarkedd."—(Orm. i. 34.)

"Alle hii nemen þat lock."—(Laȝ., later copy, ii. 320.)

boren = bearers. A.S. bora. 1804 The sinews sprang from the limb. lið = member, limb. See Hampole's P. of C. 1917.

1805-6

Would they (Jacob's kin) no sinews thenceforth eat, His own kin will not forget that usage.

1808 Till the dawning up from the east burst. 1811 leate = lete, relinquish. 1818 How shall any man be able to hurt thee? 1826 And honoured him as the first-born; wurðe should be wurð[ed]e. 1828 ðo rew him so, then had he such compassion upon Jacob.

P. 53. l. 1829 trume, host. (See Guy of Warwick, p. 291; Laȝ. iii. 73, 107.)

"And he arayeth hare trome As me (one) areyt men in fyȝt."—(Shoreham, p. 108.)

Cp. shel-ter = or scheltron = schild-trume. 1833 Jacob was sorrowful that he forsook (refused) them (the presents). 1835 hol and schir = whole and sound; schir = sheer, pure, undefiled. 1837 him to frame = for his own use. 1840 tgelt = tyelt = encamped. Cf. Ger. zelt; Eng. tilt. 1843 There King Emor sold him a piece of ground. 1848 She departed leave-less (without permission) from that place. 1851 Her own counsel misled (ruined) her. We might read

for hire listede hire owen red, for her own counsel pleased her.

1854

And his burge-folc fellen in wi, And his people (borough-folk) fell in war.

wi = wig = war. Cf. Semi-Sax. wiȝe, battle, conflict. (Laȝ. i. 201; ii. 260; iii. 5.) wi-ax, wi-eax, a battle-axe. (Laȝ. i. 67, 96, 166, 286.) 1855 bi-speken, blamed. Cf. bi-spac, l. 1444, p. 41.

P. 54. l. 1872 Gol prenes = golde prenes = gold brooches. Prene is connected with O.E. preonne, to sew up. (See O.E. Miscell, p. 172, l. 68.) Sc. prin, a pin.

1873-4

Deep he them buried under an oak, No covetousness made him weak (disobedient) in heart.

1877-8

For Solomon shall find them, And his temple deck withal.

1887 merke dede, set up a mark (monument).

P. 55. ll. 1901-2

Of Edom so it was named then, For it was before called Bozra.

1906 deden un-red = committed sin; unred, want of wisdom, miscounsel, folly, wickedness. (See Owl and Nightingale, 161.)

"For unræd is swiðe ræh (rash)."—(Laȝ. i. 278.)

1910 Brictest of waspene (wasteme), brightest of form; witter wune = skillwise, skilful, of good abilities. 1912 vn-hillen & baren, discover and lay bare (disclose); vnhillen = O.E. unhelen. (See Surtees, Ps. xxviii. 9.)

1914 wel-ðewed, well conducted, well behaved.

1915

for-ði wexem wið gret nið;

unless wexem = wex hem, we should perhaps read,

for-ði he wexen wið gret nið, Wherefore they increased in great envy (jealousy).

"And I sal say til men scherande, Gaderes the darnel first in bande, And brennes it opon the land, And scheres sithen the corn rathe, And bringes it unto my lathe." —(Met. Hom. p. 146.)

1920 here = theirs. Cf. ure = ours. 1923 hu mai ðis sen, how may this appear (be seen). 1928 siðe = siðen = afterwards. 1934 In Dothan he found them come. sogt = sought = come, arrived? 1935 fro feren = from afar.

P. 56. l. 1942 ðisternesse = cisternesse = cistern. (See l. 1960.) Cistern occurs in the Middle High German Book of Genesis and Exodus, ed. Diemer, p. 75.

"Nu sehet ze dem trômære, er bringet nivmare Slahen wir den selben hunt, Werfen in in der zisterne grunt."

1942-4

In this pit, old and deep, Yet shall he be cast, naked and cold, What-so(ever) his dreams may signify.

1943 wurðe = wurð e = wurð he (?) = he shall be. 1950 derne sped = secret haste. I should prefer derue sped = derfe sped, bold (wicked) haste. 1952 spices ware = spices-ware = spicery. 1958 Than he should there die in their power. 1961 ðhogte swem = appeared grieved = was sorrowful.

1962-3

Believed him to be slain, set up a cry He will not cease, such sorrow he endured.

1962 rem, cry, outcry.

"ðanne remen he alle a rem, so hornes blast oðer belles drem (noise)." —(O.E. Miscell., p. 21.)

1967-8

In kid's blood they turned it, Then was there-on a piteous stain.

1968 lit = stain.

"Ah wið se swiðe lufsume leores Ha leien, se rudie & se reade i-litet (coloured) eauereach leor as lilie i-leid to rose, Þæt nawhit ne þuhte hit Þæt ha weren deade."—(St. Kath. l. 1432.)

"Saide Laverd of Basan torne, torne sal I, In depnesse of þe se for-þi; Þat þi fote be lited in blode o lim, Þe tunge of þi hundes fra faas of him."—(Ps. lxvii. 24.)

P. 57. ll. 1975-8

He wept, and said that "wild beasts Have my son swallowed here." His clothes rent, in hair (cloth) shrouded, Long mourning and sorrow is him befallen.

1977 haigre.

"Þai sal be, als þe appocalips spekes, In harde hayres clende and in sekkes." —(Hampole's P. of C., 4530.)

1980 hertedin, consoled; literally encouraged him (to hope that his son was still alive). 1982 herting = consolation. 1989 skiuden for skinden = went. 1992 They made quickly a gainful covenant. 1995 wol = wel = very.

1999, 2000

But he became then so naturally cold, To do such deed had he no power.

2004 The author of the poem seems to have confounded Potiphar with Poti-pherah, the priest of On. (See Gen. xli. 45.)

P. 58. l. 2011 an heg for and heg = and high. 2015 One and stille, alone and secretly. 2019 Provided that he would with her wanton; wile seems to be the same as wigele, to play, sport. May we not supply plaige, play, before wile? 2020 But what she desired was displeasing to him. 2024 But it was to him all alike displeasing. 2025 tgeld = tyeld = tent. Cf. tilt (of a cart). 2030 god = goð = goes.

2031-2

And saith Joseph would do to her, What she might not prove (or bring) against him.

2031 seið, says.

2035-6

The blame is his, the right is hers, May God almighty discern the truth.

wite, blame, still exists in twit; O.E. at-wite.

P. 59. l. 2043 chartre for cwartre = prison.

"Forr nass nohht Sannt Johan ȝët ta Intill cwarrterrne worrpenn."—(Orm. ii. 270.)

2044 in hagt, in sorrow. We might translate ll. 2042-4 as follows:—"The gaoler did love him, and hath entrusted him the prison to live in care with the prisoners." 2045 on-sagen = un-sagen = O.E. mis-saw, opprobrious language. 2047 One that the king's cup presented (the butler). 2049-50 onigt = anigt, by night; o-frigt = afrigt, in fright, affrighted. 2054 Hard (troublesome) dreams would cause that (i. e. cause them to mourn). 2057 softe or strong = pleasant or unpleasant. 2058 The interpretation will on (to) God belong. 2059 win-tre, a vine.

"Me thoght I sagh a win-tre, A bogh þar was wit branches thre; O þis tre apon ilk bogh, Me thoght hang winberis inogh."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 26.)

2060 That had full grown boughs three; waxen = full grown, explains Shakespear's man of wax. 2061 First it bloomed, and afterwards bore. 2062 Of the berries ripe became I aware. 2073 Present my petition (intercede for me) to Pharaoh; herdne = ernde. Cf. O.E. wordle = world.

"Bute heore almesdede heore ernde schal bere." But their alms-deed Shall intercede for them. —(O.E. Miscell. p. 164.)

"For niss nohht Godess griþþ wiþþ þa Þatt wiþþrenn Godd onnȝæness, Acc helle-wawenn iss till þa All affterr þeȝȝre wrihhte."—(Orm. i. 136.)

P. 60. l. 2077 liðeð nu me, listen now to me. 2078 bread-lepes = bread-baskets. Cf. O.E. bar-lepe, a basket for keeping barley in. See Townley Myst., p. 329; Wicliffe, Exod. ii. 3. Leep, or baskett (lepp. K). Sporta, calathus, corbis.—(Prompt. Parv.)

2085-6

It were preferable to me (I had rather) quoth Joseph, Tell the meaning of pleasant dreams.

2086 rechen = recken = to tell, explain; swep = force, stroke. Cf. the use of bond, wold, ll. 2114, 2122. 2088 ben do[n] on rode, be put on the cross (be crucified).

2089-90

And fowls shall tear away thy flesh, That no wealth shall be able to save thee.

2094 wið-uten erd, in a foreign land. 2105 On a bush full grown and very beautiful (seasonable? well-seasoned, prime?). 2107 welkede = withered. drugte numen, seized with drought (dryness).

P. 61. l. 2114 Who could explain the meaning of these dreams. 2119 ðo hogt. Is hogt an error for logt = lagt, taken, or for sogt = sought? 2122 ðis dremes wold = this dream's meaning. Wold signifies (1) power, (2) force, (3) meaning. 2130 nedful = grievous; the O.E. ned often signifies grief, trouble. 2132 rospen and raken, rasp and rake, diminish and scatter. The Swedish raka signifies to clip, shave, shear. 2134 laðes, barns. (See note to l. 1919.) Chaucer uses the word in the Reve's Tale. "Berne or lathe, Horreum."—(Prompt. Parv.) 2136 hungri gere, famine years. 2146 so to-bar, so falsely accused him. (See baren in l. 1912.) In the Castle of Love to-beren = disagree; to-boren, at enmity, l. 49.

P. 62. l. 2153

The seven years of plenty pass away. Joseph himself knew how to provide beforehand.

2161 for nede sogt, sought, come by compulsion. (See l. 2165.) 2163 he lutten him, they did obeisance to him.

2167-8

Joseph knew them all in his thought (mind), He made as if he knew them not.

2176 For hunger doth (causes) them (Jacob's sons) hither to come.

2178 bi gure bering, by your behaviour. 2181 For seldom betideth even any king.

P. 63. l. 2190 ða = ðat; pore is evidently an error for gure = your.

2191-2

For then was Joseph sore afraid That he were also through them deceived.

2196 ðe ton = the one. 2198 to wedde = in pledge, as hostage.

"He said, 'Forsothe, a tokyne to wedde Salle thou lefe with me.'"—(Sir Perceval of Galles, p. 19.)

2204 Wrigtful = sinful. (See note to l. 2076.) 2209 For we denied him mercy; werneden = denied, refused.

"God schewes in his godspelle Of þe riche man and laȝarus, How þat he warned him almus, Þarfor God warned him agayne A drope of water, to sloken his payne In þe fire of helle when he was þan." —(Cott. MS. Tib. E. vii., fol. 37.)

2214 pilt = O.E. pult, thrown, placed (R. of Gloucester, 3376, 459; Lay le Freine, 136).

P. 64. l. 2219 ouer-ðogt, over-anxious. 2224 ðo agtes = the monies. 2232 Death and sorrow come on me; segeð = sigeð, cometh, alighteth, falleth.

"& þi wracche (wretched) saule [Scal] siȝen to helle."—(Laȝ. ii. 186.)

2233 bi-lewen = bi-liuen = remain.

2235-8

Then quoth Judah, "It will go hard with us, If we do not keep our agreement with him." Famine increased, this corn is gone, Jacob again biddeth them go again (to Egypt).

2241-2

Then quoth he, "When (since) it is necessary, And I know no better plan."

2249 God grant that he may be kindly disposed (towards you); eði-modes = eðe-moded (see note to l. 1584). 2252 ligt = soon; literally easily, without difficulty. 2254 Kind thought (natural affection) was in his heart then; ðag = ða = ðo = then, is necessary for the sense and the rhyme.

P. 65. l. 2255 gerken = O.E. ȝarke, Mod. Eng. yark, prepare, get ready.

"He lætte bi sæ flode ȝearkien scipen gode."—(Laȝ. i. 111.)

2258 None of them had then merry cheers (countenances). 2262 ur non, none of us; ur should be properly ure. Cf. l. 2260, where we have gur for gure.

2267-8

Very glad (fain) he was of their coming, For he was held there as a prisoner.

to nome may have the same signification as the phrase to wedde = as hostage, as security; nome (nom?), derived from nimen, to take, capture, signifies seizure. Cf. wop from wepe (weep), grot from grete (lament, cry), lop (flee) from lepe (leap, run), etc. 2269 vndren time = A.Sax. undern-tid; vndren is the Prov. aandorn, oandurth, orndorn. It literally denotes "the intervening period, which accounts for its sometimes denoting a part of the forenoon, or a meal taken at that time, and sometimes a period between noon and sunset."—(Garnett.) 2275 And he willingly accepted it. 2279 Know I that none of them but what trembles.

2287-9

Soon he went out, and secretly he wept, That all his face became wet with tears. After that weeping, he washed his face.

P. 66. l. 2295 of euerilc sonde, of every dish, of every mess; sond signifies a dish, mess, meal. S.Sax. sonden, sunde, viands.

"wanliche (bad) weoren þa sonden."—(Laȝ. iii. 32.)

"þas beorn þa sunde (þes beare þe sondes) from kuchene to þan kinge."—(Laȝ. ii. 611.)

"Hwer beoð þine disches midd þine swete sonde?"—(O.E. Miscell., p. 174.)

2297 In abundance they became glad. 2302 ðeden = peoples. 2311 weren ... went = had gone. 2316 vn-selðehe = vnselðe, misfortune, evil.

"Her waas unnseollþe unnride inoh Till an mann forr to dreȝhenn."—(Orm. i. 165.)

"Ah ich heom singe, for ich wolde That hi wel understonde schulde That sum unselthe heom is i-hende (near)." —(Owl and Nightingale, p. 43.)

Later writers use the word in the sense of wickedness. (See Shoreham's Poems, p. 43.) 2314 bi-calleð, accuses. See Ywain and Gawin, p. 21, l. 491. 2318 gure on = one of you. 2320 vp = vpe = upon.

"Moni of þisse riche þat wereden foh and grei, An rideþ uppe stede and uppen palefrai, Heo schulen atte dome, suggen weilawei."—(O.E. Miscell., p. 164.)

P. 67. l. 2335 Provided that thou spare Benjamin. 2341 so e gret = so he gret, so he wept. 2342 That all his face became wet of (with) tears. See l. 2356. 2354 sundri = on-sundri, apart. 2356 Ilc here, each of them.

P. 68. l. 2367 twinne srud, two changes of raiment. 2369 fif weden, five garments. 2373 wið semes fest, with burdens loaded. 2380 He knew not who they were (on account of their princely garments). 2384 All Egypt in his power is placed (fixed). 2390 or ic of werlde chare, ere I from the world go (turn) = ere I die.

P. 69. l. 2399 derer, an error for derë = beloved. 2400 How many years are on thee. 2403 fo = few; O.E. fowe. Cp. Northern fon, few, in Hampole's P. of C. 2404 Although I have passed (suffered) them in woe. 2406 her vten erd = here in foreign lands. See l. 2410. 2412 seli mel, good sustenance (food). Cf. l. 1542. 2416 y-oten = y-hoten, called.

2427-31

So was it pleasing to him to be laid, Where the Holy Ghost secretly had said To him and his elders, far ere before, Where Jesus Christ would be born, And where be dead, and where be buried.

P. 70. l. 2435 Or ðan = ere that.

2441-3

Joseph caused his body to be honourably prepared (for burial), To be washed, richly anointed, And with spices to be scented.

Smaken usually signifies to taste, savour, but here means to scent, to be scented. Smac in the Owl and Night., 821, is used for scent, while in the Ayenbite of Inwyt it has the sense of flavour.

"Zalt yefþ smac to þe mete."

See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Smach.

2444-9

And Egypt's folk him bewaked, Forty nights and forty days, Such were Egypt's laws; The first nine nights the bodies they bathe, And anoint, and shroud, and bewail And watch them afterwards forty nights.

2451-5

And Hebrew folk had a custom, Not immediately to bury it with iron, But to wash it (the corpse) and keep it right, Without anointing, seven nights, And afterwards (keep it) anointed thirty days.

2452 yre = iron; O.E. ire, iren (Owl and Night. 1028). The form ize, iron, is also met with in O.E. writers. (See Ayenbite, pp. 110, 133.) 2454 smerles, ointment, belongs to the same class of words as feteles, a vessel, reckeles, incense, etc. "þe smeryels ne is naȝt worþ to hele þe wonde ne non oþer þing þer huile þet þet yzen is þerinne."—(Ayenbite, p. 174.)

2459-60

For truth and with good deeds, Done is then all that watch-deed.

2460 wech-dede, vigils. 2463 And some every year as it happens or comes round. 2465 Do for the dead church-going; chirche-gong = church-going.

"Þe gret cyte of Medes suþþe afure he (William) sette, Vor me (one) ne myȝte non chyrche gong wyþ out lyȝte do." —(R. of Gloucester, p. 380.)

2467 And that is instead of the vigils.

P. 71. l. 2472 daiges is evidently an error for laiges, laws. See l. 2456. 2479 wis of here[n], skilful in arms. 2487 ouer-pharan = ouer-faren, pass over or beyond Pharan. 2488 in biriele don, put into the tomb. "And whanne Jhesus hadde comen over the water at the cuntre of men of Genazereth, twey men havynge develis runnen to him, goynge out fro birielis (tombs), ful feerse, or wickid, so that no man miȝte passe by that way."—(Wicliffe, St. Matt. viii. 28.) 2498 To beðen meðe, to supplicate for mercy; beðen may be an error for beden, to entreat, bedden oc = beoden oth = to offer oath [of obedience].

P. 72. l. 2505-12

"It shall," quoth he, "be fulfilled What God before hath to our elders sworn; He shall lead you in his hand Hence to that promised land; For God's love I yet entreat you; Perform it (my prayer) then, promise it now That my petition shall not be lost (sight of); With you let my bones be borne.

2510 Lested = lesteð, perform. 2514 God bring the soul into bliss. 2516 egipte-like, after the custom of the Egyptians. 2521 to ful in wis = to ful-iwis, very full (completely), indeed. See l. 109. Orm uses the word fuliwis, ful iwiss, fuliȝwiss, in the sense of certainly, truly. See Gloss. to Orm, s. v. fuliwis. 2524 for lefful soules ned, for the need of faithful souls. 2528 May God help him kindly (joyfully). For the meaning of weli see Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. wely. 2529 And preserve his soul from sorrow and tears. 2532 God grant them in his bliss to have pleasure; spilen signifies to sport, live pleasantly.

"Þan was Uortigerne þa king in Cantuarie-buri. Þer he mid his hirede, hæhliche spilede (nobly diverted themselves)." —(Laȝ. ii. 153.)

"dâ was spil unde wunne under wîben unde manne. vone benche ze benche hiez man allûteren wîn scenchen: Si spilten unde trunchan unz in iz der slâf binam." —(M.H.G. version of Genesis and Exodus, ed. Deimer.)

P. 73. l. 2544 hatel, severe, cruel. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Hatel. 2546 seli sið, prosperity. 2547 Quoth (spoke) this king with them, secretly, in council. 2548 michil sped = great speed, rapidly. 2553 feten seems to be an error for seten, made. 2555 vn-ðewed swinc, unaccustomed (extraordinary) labour; vn-ðewed also signifies immoral, wicked. See Orm. i. 74, Allit. Poems, B, l. 190. 2556 fugel = ful, foul, loathsome. 2560 They caused them to creep along (or through) dikes; dikes = O.E. diches, may here signify subterraneous passages, burrows; or perhaps dikes = sewers, from the allusion to muc and fen. "And Jhesus said to him, Foxes han dichis, or borowis, and briddis of the eir han nestis, but mannes sone hath not where he reste his heued."-(Wicliffe, St. Matt. viii. 20.)

2561-2

And wide about (through) the cities to go, And come where none had been before.

2564 comb, crest or top (?). 2567 ðhogen = ðogen, throve. See l. 2542.

P. 74. l. 2575 But they disobeyed from fear of God. 2578 They defended themselves with lies.

2581-2

God requited it these women well, On their homes, their wealth, a happy time.

eddi sel is, literally, pleasant time, but may here denote prosperity, success, etc. 2583 opelike = openlike, openly. 2588 Abraham is an error for Amram, i.e. Amram was Moses' first name. 2590 dreful and bleð, sorrowful and afraid; bleð. In A.Sax. bleað = gentle, slow; blæt = miserable; the S.Sax. blæð = destitute, poor; bliðere, cowardlier. 2594 Nor could she take him stealthily (secretly) of (from) the water; or stelen may signify to still, to quiet. 2595 rigesses = rushes. Cf. Sc. reesk, reyss. 2596 terred = tarred, pitched.

P. 75. l. 2609-10

God had such beauty him given, That the very foes let him live.

2611-5

Egypt's women came near, And bad her leave the child there, But she took it away with a cry (scream); Of their command took she no heed.

2613-4 he = ghe = she. It cannot be the plural he = they, for this would require namen instead of nam. 2621 On whose teat (paps) he soon hath seized. 2629 on sunes stede, instead of a son. See l. 2637. 2639 ayne [= ane] stund, one minute. 2644 ðis timing = this occurrence, this timely assistance.

P. 76. l. 2647-8

If help had not run between This child had then soon been killed.

2650-8 He said, "The child doth as he knows (i. e. acts according to the extent of his knowledge); we shall now learn whether it did this wittingly, or in childishness." He offered this child two burning coals, and he took them; how was he able to bear it? and in his mouth so deep he placed them, that his tongue's end is burnt therewith; therefore said the Hebrews truly that he afterwards spake indistinctly. This legend is thus given in Lady Eastlake's Life of Our Lord:—"Therefore when he (Moses) was three years of age she (Thermutis) brought him to Pharaoh, who caressed him, and in sport, put the crown on his head, when the child eagerly pulled it off, and dashed it to the ground; for it is said that the crown was engraved within with figures of idols, which Moses instinctively abominated.... Those around Pharaoh looked upon it as a bad omen, and they counselled the king that he should be slain; but another counsellor said that he should be pardoned, because he was too young to know right from wrong; and a third counsellor said, 'There is in this child something miraculous and uncommon. Cause, therefore, a burning coal and a ruby ring to be set before him; and if he take the ring it will show that he knows right from wrong, and then let him be destroyed, lest he spoil the kingdom of Egypt. But if he take up the burning coal, it will show that he is too young to know right from wrong, and then let his life be spared.' Then the king said, 'Let the hot burning coal and the king's signet ring (which was a large shining ruby) be placed side by side, and we shall see what he will do.' And immediately the child stretched out his hand to take the signet ring; but the angel Gabriel (who instantly took the form of one of the attendants) turned his hand aside, and the child Moses took up the burning coal, and put it to his mouth, and his tongue was burnt therewith, so that he was unable afterwards to speak distinctly, even to the end of his days." 2652 childhede; "ac zeþþe ich com to elde of vol man, ich vorlet alle mine childhedes."—(Ayenbite, p. 208.) 2653 brennen = brennende, burning; to = two. 2654-5 is = them. 2658 miserlike = S.Sax. misliche, variously, differently; and, hence, thickly, indistinctly. The form miser-like may be a corruption of the A.Sax. missen-lic, dissimilar. Misliche in Owl and Nightingale, l. 1771, signifies erroneously. 2662 b[i]leph = bi-lef, remained.

2665-8

By that time that he was a youth (young man) With (for) beauty and strength renowned, The Ethiopian folk on Egypt came, And burnt, and slew, and vengeance took.

2675-8

Teremuth scarcely might bring it about (prevail) That Moses shall with them forth-go, Ere she have her pledged and sworn, That to him shall be borne (kept) honourable faith.

2676 hire, an error for hem, them. 2677 he = ghe = she. 2680 were (a substantive from weren, to defend), a defender, protector. Cf. dere, harm, from deren, to hurt.

P. 77. l. 2682 vn-warnede, unexpected. This enables us to correct the reading unwarde in l. 480. 2688 ut-ðhurg = out-through, throughout. Cf. O.E. ut-with, without, in-with, within, etc. 2696 Nevertheless that sojourn was very distasteful to him. 2701 meten is the p.p. of mete, to measure. 2702 This causes remembrance, the other causes forgetfulness. 2703 He fest is = he fixed them. 2704 Gave her the first gem; he was kind to her. Two lines seem missing after this line. We might supply the following:—

And quan awei nimen [faren] he wolde Gaf hire ðe toðer, he was hire colde.

And when he would go away, he gave her the other gem, and was distasteful to her. 2708 e = he. 2712 a modi stiward, a moody (proud) steward. 2714 That seemed to Moses a great shame.

P. 78. ll. 2718-20

And secretly he buried him in the sand, He weened that no Egyptian Had known it, or should have seen it.

2720 a sen may signify 'have seen.' Northumbrian ha, to have; but more probably we should read a-sen, to see, the infinitive being required after sulde, so that sulde a-sen = should see. In the Romans of King Alysaundre asen occurs as the p.p. of a-see, to see. Cf. our modern words wake and awake, rise and arise, etc. These double forms were far more common in O.E. writers than in the modern stage of our language. 2727 And enquired of him what it should mean. 2730 to rad, too hasty. 2736 his weige ðeðen ches = chose (took) his way thence.

P. 79. l. 2757 ðewe and wursipe, courtesy and honour. 2758 estdede, kindly deed (actions). (See Owl and Nightingale, l. 997.) Esste mete occurs in the Ormulum for delicate meat (food), etc.

"Ac thar lond is bothe este and god." —(Owl and Nightingale, p. 36, l. 1029.)

2764 To wife in law he her took; in lage = in law, in marriage, is an early use of a common phrase. 2769 And Moses had gone on a time. 2771 To look after the condition of the herds. 2775 brennen = brennende. See l. 2653. 2776 And nevertheless green and whole remained. 2783 in min geming, under my care (protection). 2788 milche, milk; queðen, to promise.

P. 80. l. 2789 an = in. 2790 on hond = on-hond, soon, speedily. Ger. in die hand. (See Laȝ. vol. ii. pp. 96, 106, 251, 264.) 2792 to ðan, to that = for that purpose. 2797 If he refuse it and be there-to contrary. 2803 to token, for a token (sign). Cf. to wedde, for a pledge, etc. 2812 fer, sound, and hence unfer (l. 2810), diseased. (See Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, l. 103; Ormulum, i. 41, 153, 212.) 2815 get = pour (see l. 582). 2817 wanmol = un-eloquent; wan occurs in O.E. wan-hope, despair; wan-trauthe, disbelief; mol is the same as moal (speech) in l. 81, p. 3; vn-reken = un-ready, slow. (See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. reken.) 2822 Who made the blind, and who the looking (seeing)? 2824 fultum, aid, assistance.

Þa cristine liðen after, and heom on læiden, & cleopeden Crist, godes sune, beon heom a fultume. The Christians pursued after, and laid on them, and called Christ, God's Son, To be to them in aid (to help them). —(Laȝ. ii. 264.)

P. 81. l. 2828 vnsteken, disclose. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Steke. 2830 Gunc = you two. See Orm. i. 301; ii. 98. 2831 funden; O.E. founde, to go, occurs in Allit. Poems, p. 63, l. 903. 2834 of liues = alive. 2838 is werkes len, reward of his works. 2845 feren swike, unfaithful companions, that is, his two sons who were uncircumcised. he = they, refers to Moses and his wife. 2847-50 Zipporah took this young lad, and made him to have circumcision, and wept, and turned back frightened, and let Moses forth alone proceed. 2855 Eyðer [h]ere = each of them. 2856 haueð is herte vt-dragen = hath his heart out-drawn. Cf. our expression, to unbosom oneself, with the Ger. sein herz anschütten.

P. 82. l. 2876-78

I defended so that thou wast rescued, And laboured, and great sorrow endured, Yet is it unseen (is it a secret) how I accomplished it?

2882 hidel-like (= hidingly), secretly. Cf. O.E. hidel, a hiding place (Ps. xxvi. 5). 2890 to gode, for good, gratuitously. 2891-2 And yet they hold (keep up) the number of the tiles (bricks), and knead and bake (them), great and small. 2894 And to God he made his complaint (bemoaning).

P. 83. l. 2900 ðhunerg = ðuner; O.E. thoner, thunder. 2903 Min milche witter name may signify (1) my great wise name, or (2) my merciful wise name. In (1) milche = michel = mikel, great; but in (2) it = milce, mild, merciful. See l. 3603. 2918 Iglic = uglic, ugly, horrible. 2919 wiches kire, select (choice) witches. 2920 in sowles lire, in soul's loss. 2926 And the heads of them all he bit off.

P. 84. l. 2934 wit = we two. See Orm. vii. 73, H. i. 4, 300. 2935-6 This king himself is very bitter against this folk, and of heart hard. 2938 And try better with this token. 2947 trike, a rivulet, small stream, evidently connected with the verb trick-le. 2951 wreche = wreke, vengeance, plague. Cf. michel and mikel, dike and diche, etc. 2957 bot = boot, release, deliverance, is connected with O.E. bete, to amend, to alleviate. 2962 bi-tournen = biturnen, turn, change.

P. 85. l. 2969 froskes here = host of frogs.

2977-8

Pole-heads (tadpoles) and frogs, and sport of podes (toads), Bound hard Egypt's wretched folk.

in sile = vn-sile = vn-sele, miserable, wretched. Stratmann says that sile = sele, epirhedium. Polheuedes (Provincial Eng. pole-head), a tadpole. Palsgrave has polet. Polly-wigs, tadpoles. "Tadpoles, pole-wigges, young frogs." (Florio, p. 212.) Pol-wygle, wyrme, occurs in the Prompt. Parv. (Hall.); pode = Prov. E. pode, paddock, a toad (Shakespeare); W. Prov. E. padstool = toadstool. (See King Alis. 6124.)

"ðare nakyn best of wenym may Lywe, or lest atoure a day; As ask, or eddyre, táde or pade, Suppos þat þai be þiddyr hade."—(Wyntown, i. p. 15.)

2988 up-wond = up-went, but literally up-wound. 2989 on bite, in their bite. 2990 smite, a blight, plague.

P. 86. l. 3011 bad meðe, entreated for mercy. 3013 wroð = worð = wurð, became. 3014 And broke them that promise (see l. 3062). 3027 dolc = O.E. dolg, wound, ulcer. O.E. dolc = pin, tongue. 3037 ðe to un-frame, to thy sorrow.

P. 87. l. 3045 al sir = all sheer, clearly, openly. 3047 vnghere may be an error for undere = badly, or, what is more probable, for vngere = unready, unexpectedly, gere being the same as gare, yare, ready, prepared. 3048 bergles = unprotected, shelterless, from bergen, to protect.

3055-6

Moses, cause this weather to turn, And I shall let you out fare (go).

3058 vnweder, storm. See ll. 3059, 3061. Weder in O.E. is often used for a tempest, storm. See Ywaine and Gawin, 411; Wyntown, i. 387; Romaunt of the Rose, 72, 4302. atwond, departed = away-wound, or away winded. Cf. at in at-wot, departed, p. 30, l. 1049. 3065 gresseopp-e, grasshopp-e-r, locust. Cf. O.E. hunt-e, a hunt-e-r, etc.

"And to lefe-worm þar fruit gaf he, And þar swynkes (labours) to gress-hope to be." —(Ps. lxxvii. 46.)

3066 And what the hail then left (untouched) shall all be consumed.

P. 88. l. 3075 but, without exception (?). 3077 Hu = how? 3080 Erewhile alone of men was leave besought. 3086 an newe figt, in a new conflict. 3087 skipperes, the grasshoppers. See l. 3096, where opperes is similarly used. 3088 They did on grass and corn injuries. 3102 ðherknesse = derknesse, darkness, is a genuine form, and occurs in the Coventry Mysteries:—"Therknesse, or derknesse, tenebre, caligo."—(Prompt. Parv.) 3105 Many there suffered sorrow in life; bead = abead, suffered. 3108 sowen = sogen, saw. See l. 3329.

P. 89. l. 3111 boden = both. See bothen in Glossary to Morte Arthure, ed. E. Brock. 3120 Death shall be avenged over you.

3123-6

Said God, "Yet I shall on Pharaoh, Ere ye go out, put a plague (Now I shall into Egypt go)— Such a plague was never any before."

3131-2

I shall not fail you Of what I have promised you.

3139 Every house-folk (family) that may permit of it.

3141-3

The tenth day it should be taken, And kept on the tenth night, And slain on the fourteenth day.

3144 so it noten mai, as may partake of it; noten = O.E. note, naite, to make use of, enjoy, eat.

P. 90. l. 3147 bred = O.E. brad, roasted. (See Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, l. 891.) 3148 wreken, taken, thrown out. "God nele naȝt þet me make, his hous marcat ne boþe, huerout he wrek þo þet zyalde and boȝte in þe temple."—(Ayenbite, p. 172.) 3150 his owen fond, his own wants (need). 3153 wriðel; can it mean haste? (see Ex. xii. 11.) At first sight it seems to be a derivative of wirt (by metathesis writ), an herb; but the mention of rew mete[n] in l. 3151 renders this rather doubtful. 3154 bi-leuen, the remainder. O.E. lave, leve, the remainder. 3155 dure-tren = door-trees, posts.

"For James the gentile Jugged in hise bokes That feith withouten the feet Is right nothyng worthi And as ded as a dore-tre But if the dedes folwe." —(Piers Ploughman, 833.)

uuerslagen = overslagen, ouerslage, over-piece, lintel. "Ovyrslay of a doore. superliminare."—(Prompt. Parv.) 3172 For their toil they now have hire.

P. 91. l. 3206 fro = for, on account of. 3211 stunden does not mean stood, but is a vb. (formed from the sb. stund, a stound, a short space of time) signifying to delay awhile, to wait. 3212 How Pharaoh should act toward them. 3213 Pharaoh summoned (assembled) out his army; bannen = to call to arms.

"Þa bleou Brutus & bonnede [bannede] his ferde." Then blew Brutus his horn And assembled his forces. —(Laȝ. i. 75.)

3218 of fote ren = swift of foot.

P. 92. l. 3220 to werchen wi, to work war, to make war upon. 3224 ne gate = no gate, no ways; gate is often used by Northern writers as an affix = -wise or -ways; as al-gate, thus-gate, etc. 3230 On (against) Moses they set up a cry. 3234 Supply don after gu. 3235 dregen wið skil, endure with patience. 3240 That for you ways (paths) may be well prepared.

P. 93. l. 3255 an skige, a cloud. Cf. Milton's 'sky-tinctured' (Paradise Lost, Book V.).

"..... it ne left not a skie In al the welkin long and brode." —(House of Fame, iii. 508-511.)

3264 daiening = daigening, dawning. 3271 in twired wen, in perplexing doubt; twired signifies two-fold (doubtful) counsel.

"and [Bruttes] duden swiðe vnwraste ...... alle his haste, and weoren alle twiræde." And Brutus did very evilly all his behests, and all were of two counsels. —(Laȝ. ii. 392.)

3274 helden, an error for holden. 3275 a morgen quile, a morrow while, a minute. 3282 weken seems to be an error for wreken, taken (see l. 3148.)

P. 94. l. 3292 pert = apert, open, clear. 3300 wlath, the reading of the MS., = lað, loathsome. But wlach = brackish, properly warm; cp. luke-warm. 3301 a funden (discovered) trew = a tree which he found. 3310 bred wantede, bread failed.

3315

Bet us were in egipte ben, It were better for us in Egypt to be.

3319 on-dreg = 'bear up,' endure patiently. 3324 so fele so, as many as.

P. 95. l. 3327 ðis dewes cost, the nature of this dew. For the meaning of cost see O.E. Miscell., pp. 12, 25; Allit. Poems, p. 66; Chaucer's Knight's Tale. 3328 rim frost = rime frost, hoar frost. 3338 for-hadede. Read ? for-hardede, hardened. 3340 That it gave a flavour of honey and oil. 3341 forbone mor, more than was bidden; forbone may be an error for forbode, prohibition, command; or we may read (and the MS. will admit of it) forboue, above. Cf. bi and for-bi, etc. 3345 Kept it apart in a clean place. 3348 vten leð = in a foreign land; withouten let = without cessation. 3353 Soon was that water wanting to them. 3354 MS. haue; the rhyme requires hane; ðrist hane signifies torment of thirst.

P. 96. l. 3378 here ðing, their affairs. 3381 Moses prayed for the folk of Israel. 3385 For leth is read let his. 3388 They supported them with a stone. 3393 bode seems wanting after sente. 3394 Of this occurrence to have a memorial.

P. 97. l. 3398 min blis. Jehovah-nissi is generally explained as "The Lord is my banner." 3410 stering, government, rule; stere in ll. 3418, 3420, rule; steres, rulers, ll. 3413, 3415; steres-men, rulers, ll. 3417, 3429. 3412 a meister wold, a master (head) ruler, the same as ouer-man, l. 3424. 3413 tgen = tyen, ten. See l. 3418. 3414 Ilc here, each of them. 3429-32 He bad them choose rulers, mighty, who are God-fearing, truth-loving, and who strife and covetousness forsake. 3432 niðing signifies not only strife, but niggardliness, wickedness, slaughter, etc. O.E. writers usually employ the word in the sense of a coward, villain, miser, etc.

P. 98. l. 3434 And willingly (gladly) he received (accepted) it. 3438 is numen, has gone. 3448 May we not read Ic wile min folc cnowen be = I will be known to my people?

3449-51

And Moses told this to Israel, And they promised him every whit What he biddeth them they will do.

3453 ðis to daiges = these two days. 3458 wið goren dragen = pierced with darts.

"heo beoren on heore honde gares [speres], swiðe stronge." —(Laȝ. iii. 44.)

3459-60

These people fearful thus abode, While these days forth have passed.

3462 Spile, ravage, destruction (see l. 2977). 3463 On this mount stood a cloud's shadow; and = an = a (see l. 3475).

P. 99. l. 3471-84 Each of you bear in mind, that it is not Moses, Amram's son, whom ye shall to-day hear speak, but He who slew Egypt (you for to avenge), and a path made in the sea; and who let Adam discover the tree which preserved Noah, and led Abraham out into the land of Canaan; who caused Isaac to be begotten of old Abraham and of Sarah (of old teats); who gave Isaac (Jacob?) so many sons, and who gave Joseph such rich gifts (abilities); let His word be to you as precious as life, dearer than either child or wife.

3488-9

None might go further except Nun, And also his brother Aaron.

3489 on = one. It may be an error for oc = also. 3496 My vengeance is severe, my forbearance is long. 3497 in idel, in vain; idel in O.E. signifies empty, void. 3498-3500 Nor swear it lyingly to defile in sport, Nor let thou my honour be lost in the fiend's tempting (i. e. in yielding to the devil's advice).

P. 100. l. 3508 for truke of = for failure of, for want of. 3515 Covet not thy neighbour's thing. 3518 Thou losest everlasting bliss. 3519 figeren = fiyeren = feren, afar. 3533 nemeld = nemend = nemned, named, appointed (?).

P. 101. l. 3545-6 That mad folk there of day brought Hur (i. e. put Hur to death) and put Aaron in fear; 'to don of dawe' = to bringen of dage = put to death. (See Legend of St. Beket, l. 622; Allit. Poems, p. 9, l. 282.)

"For quen the childe es born, sal I Do it of daw sa priuely, That na wiht sal the squeling here, And delf it sithen in our herbere."—(Met. Hom. p. 167.)

P. 102. l. 3573 for gode is frequently employed by Chaucer. 3574 It is a song wicked and foolish.

3581-2

And mixed it in the water and poured it off, And gave that folk that draff (dregs) to drink.

Cf. O.E. draff, chaff. "Draffe or drosse, or mater stampyd, pilumen." (Prompt. Parv.) Cf. "draf-sak." (Chaucer.)

3583-4

Then wist he well who had done it (committed idolatry), Seen it (the dregs) was on their beards.

3603 milche moð = milce mod, mild (merciful) mood.

3605-6

God answered, "Off shall I take them, Who are not worthy to be placed thereon."

3607 min engel on, my angel alone.

P. 103. l. 3611 to pligt, for their sin. 3614 And as sun-beam bright shone his features. 3624 wið witter dragt, with skilful device. 3626 And their labour they well apply. 3635 of lore wal, of choice lore. 3637 betten = beten, amend, from bet, better. 3640 Ere they from Sinai forth have passed. 3642 ðe oðer, the second.

P. 104. l. 3647 This folk has after pleasure gone. 3653 Moses caused it to cease with his prayer. See note on blissen, p. 182. 3658 for-hirked = for-irked, tired. 3661 Loruerd = louerd, lord. 3664 Thou shalt cause me quickly to suffer death. 3676 And brought a great mint of quails; but turles = turtles, doves. See Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 181.

P. 105. l. 3688 There became Miriam somewhat foolish; soth = sott, a fool (see l. 3685). 3710 A bunch of grapes on a long pole; O.E. cowele, cowle, a coop, tub, etc.; Prov. E. cowl; cuuel-staf signifies the staff or pole upon which the people carried their kneading troughs. This interpretation is supported by the form cowle-tre or soo-tree. Falanga, vectatorium. (Prompt. Parv.) "Phalanga est hasta, vel quidam baculus ad portandas cupas, Anglice a stang, or a culstaffe."—(Ortus.) "Courge, a stang, pale-staffe, or cole-staffe, carried on the shoulder, and notched for the hanging of a pale at both ends."—(Cotgrave.) In Caxton's Mirrour of the World, c. 10, A.D. 1481, it is related that in Ynde "the clusters of grapes ben so grete and so fulle of muste, that two men ben gretly charged to bere one of them only upon a cole-staff." In Hoole's translation of the Orbis sensualium, by Comenius, 1658, is given a representation of the cole-staff (ærumna), used for bearing a burden between two persons, p. 135; and again, at p. 113, where it appears as used by brewers to carry to the cellar the new-made beer in "soes," or tubs with two handles (labra), called also cowls. In Brand's "Popular Antiquities," ii. 107, will be found an account of the local custom of riding the cowl-staff or stang (Way in Prompt. Parv.)

3745-6

Again (backwards) they made their course, As that cloud had taught.

P. 107. l. 3755 migtful qualifies meistres in l. 3756. 3760-61 ilc gure, each of you. Cf. quilc gure, which of you, l. 3764. 3761 reklefat, incense vat, the vessel holding the incense, censer. See Orm. i. 2, 35, 58. 3762 timinge seems to be an error for time ge, wait ye. 3767 orgel pride, arrogant pride. Cf. orrȝhellmod, pride (Orm. i. 216). "Ichabbe isehen his ouergart, ant his egede orhel ferliche afallet."—(St. Marh. p. 11.) I have seen his presumption and his arrogance fearfully felled. 3770 Instead of the reading in the text substitute the following: Moyses, and vt ne wulde gon; vr seems to be an error for vt = out. See Numbers xvi. 12. 3774 Held up neither stone nor grit. I do not think ston ne gret = strong ne gret = strong nor great.

3777-80

Such destruction they have unexpectedly No man need labour to bury them This earth is together closed As it were never ere broken up.

3786 fieres swaðe, flame (burning) of fire.

P. 108. l. 3796 There hath a cloud them well girded. 3802 Ran and stood between the living and the dead; tiren seems, from the way it is written in the MS., to be an error for tuen = twen, between. 3807-14 Though this folk, much frightened, remained quiet for a time, nevertheless they are yet in diverse counsels (i. e. of conflicting opinions). Moreover, they vacillate in purpose, and think that it may be decided better. Though these burnt (i. e. those destroyed by fire) are refused, yet they ween that God shall take of the twelve tribes some more to be in the place of those whom he had despised (rejected). miðe is the pret. subj. of miðen = A.S. míðan (pret. mád, pl. midon; pret. subj. mide), to lie hid, to avoid, omit, hide, dissemble. 3809 aglen = aylen = ail, become weak or foolish. 3814 for-hugede, despised, rejected.

"Ah Gurmund hit for-hoȝede And habbe he heo nolde."—(Laȝ. iii. 156.)

"For niss nan mann þatt uss birrþ att Forrhoȝhenn god to lernenn."—(Orm. ii. 107.)

P. 109. l. 3824. The name of the tribe which shall thereto belong. 3826 Which tribe he desires this service to be on.

3851-2

Here and there (yonder) there they buried lie, All the old (ones) did there end (i. e. died).

P. 110. l. 3865-6

God bad assemble the folk and go, And before them smite on the stone.

3880 costful, dangerous. See Met. Hom. p. xix, where far-cost = a dangerous voyage. 3884 wente of liwe = turned from life = died. 3887 in = hin = hine, him.

P. 111. l. 3924 The sense requires us to read, for to stillen his vn-eðe mod, for to quiet his uneasy (disturbed) mind.

P. 112. ll. 3931-2

In the night a message came to him from God, And a prohibition against this king's counsel.

3941 me goue hold = should give me faithfully; hold = holde = faithfully, truly. 3945 Oc or or = but first ere. 3951 And turned his heart on worse thought. 3958 And beat and turned it to the path; sti, path, way. "ðes is forðon ðeðe gecuoeden wæs ðerh esaias ðone witgo cuoeðende: stefn cliopende in woestern gearuas woeg drihtnes, ræhta doeð [wyrcas] stiga his." (Matt. iii. 3. Northumbrian Version.) 3964 negt = neg + it = nigh it.

P. 113. ll. 3972-3

It is as true as it is marvellous. Said this ass thus with anger.

3976-7

Had I a sword, I would slay thee. So was this man to mischief (grief) brought.

3985-6

Quoth Balaam, "since I have mis-fared, If thou wilt, I will turn back."

3988

Against my counsel speak thou nought.

3993-4

Shall I no word be able to forth-do (utter), Except what God layeth on me.

4000-1 And went apart; why? but because from above, etc.

P. 114. ll. 4009-10

His life is blithe (joyful), so shall be his ending (death), Who prospereth as this (one) shall prosper.

4015 For or read and (?). 4016 He did it for better success. 4022 hem, if not an error for he, stands for he + hem.

P. 115. l. 4049 "The young women of thy land, fair of sight, and soft of hand, and bright of hue (complexion), of speech glad (joyous), in haste shall I set apart as messengers; do thou send out against these men those who can brew (produce) heart-burning with joy, with features, and with body and sin, pleasantly, with speech small (flattery), to turn them from God's fear to thy land gods and our laws; unless thou canst follow this advice and lead them from God's love, and seek to turn thus their thought, for war nor weapon helpeth not. 4052 ðgere = gere = haste. At first I was inclined to take ðgere for dere, so that wið ðgere = for harm. 4053 ten = te (?). Or should we read, ðe do ten vt = cause those to go out. 4056 Luueke may be an error for luue-like = pleasantly; or it may = luue-leke = love; -lec being a not uncommon ending of abstract nouns, as in O.E. feirlec, fairness, beauty. 4063 quad. The rhyme seems to require quead; ðat ille quad = that wickedly spoke (advised); ðat ille quead = that wicked wretch.

P. 116. ll. 4086-88

God bad Moses number His folk who were first preserved from death Either twenty winters or more old, Who in Egypt were not before numbered.

4096 All others were driven in death's web. 4106-8 Leave thou not thy folk helpless, and do thou, O God, cause them to be governed just as it may be advantageous for them.

P. 117. l. 4110 loder-man. See note on l. 3723.

4119-22

Whilst to him lasted life-days, Them he taught precious laws, And written hath committed them to them, Unless they them keep, on them shall be sorrow (misfortune shall befall them).

In line 4121 the first hem should be omitted.

P. 118. l. 4143-4 Idolatry, that was pleasing to them, oft out-wrought (effected) for them sorrow's trouble, i. e. brought sorrow and trouble upon them.

4159-60

In such virtues grant us to come; Through which we shall be to everlasting life taken.

[396]

See "The History of Our Lord," vol. i. p. 53.

[397]

The Northumbrian version reads gedroefed, from which the O.E. vb. drove.

[398]

Written leasowe.

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

A, in, 271, 538, 635, 953. A, have, 2720. Abead = abad, abode, 422, 3856, 3862. A.S. abídan, pret. abád, p.p. abiden. Abiden, (pl. pret.) abode, 1638, 2483, 3459. Abiden, (p.p.) abided, remained, 2388. Abraid, awoke, arose, started up, 231, 1617, 2111, 2385. A.S. abredan (pret. abræd). Abute, about, 3455. Abuten, about, 94, 1772, 2482. A.S. abútan. Abuten-schoren, circumcised, 1200. See Schoren. Abuuen, above, 10, 108, 332, 636, 1518. A.S. abufan. Adde = hadde, had (3 pers. sing.), 240, 518, 519, 600, 1039, 1693, 1747, 2274. Adden = hadden, had (3 pers. pl.), 239, 1480, 2451, 2545, 2546. Aftre, after, 1652. Age, awe, 432, 3546, 3632. A.S. ege, fear, terror, dread. Dan. ave, O.E. age, awe, is a northern form corresponding to the southern eige or eie. Agen, awe, (acc.) 192. Agen, (a) again, 405, 604, 606, 979, 985; (b) against, 562, 3373, 3375; (c) adverse, opposed to, 3730; (d) backwards, back, 1097, 3267; (e) towards, 1786, 1796, 1823, 1824; (f) for, 562. A.S. ongean, agen. See Agon. Agenes, against, 538, 541. Agenward, back, 1782. Ageon, against, 3912. A.S. agean. Aglen, to become weak, foolish, 3809. A.S. eglian, to ail, egle, troublesome; Goth. aglo, affliction, aglus, difficult. Agon, gone, 78. A.S. agán. Agon, again, 77, 958; against, 438; backwards, 1119; towards, 1009, 1438. Agrisen, terrified, alarmed, 667. A.S. agrýsan. Agt, Agte, property, possession, wealth, 742, 783, 857, 910, 924, 1858, 1867, 2017, 2090. A.S. ágan, (pret. ahte, áhte) to own, possess. A.S. æht, property. Agte, owned, 2309. Agte, ought, should, 525, 1671, 2727. Agte, fear, 3384. It literally signifies thought, anxiety, sorrow. A.S. eaht, estimation, eahtian, to meditate, devise. Ger. acht, care, attention, achten, to mind, regard. See Hagt. Agtes, oughtest, 1762. Agtes, moneys, 2224. Ai, ever, aye, 451, 1105. Ail, hail, 3066, 3183. Al, all, 36, 37; entirely, quite, 3059, 3098. Al abuten, all about, 96, 136. Aldre, of all; 'hure aldre bale,' the bale of us all, 322; 'here aldre heuedes,' the heads of them all, 2926. Algen = halgen, to hallow, keep holy, 918. A.S. halgian. Alle, all, 874, 896. Al-migt-ful, powerful, 2694. Almigten, Almigtin, almighty, (sb.) 9, 3405, (adj.) 30, 572, 3727. Als, Alse, also, 867; as, 1773, 1785, 1787, 2650; so, 1412. Also, as, 475, 643, 1238, 2212; so, 3436. A.S. alswá. Alswilc, Alsswilc, even as, 4108. A.S. alswilc = eallswilc, even as, likewise. Alt = halt, holdeth (?), 924. Alter, altar, 758. Alðer-best, the best of all, 3390. Alðerneðer, beneath all, 3997. Amigdeles, almonds, 3840. Gr. αμυγδαλη; Lat. amygdala. Amonge, among, 700. Amongus, amonges, amongst, 1620. An (before a cons.), a, 680, 938, 951; 'an time,' 1435, 1487; 'an busk,' 2105; 'an kire,' 2451; 'an wis man,' 2649; 'an sel,' 2769; 'an steuene,' 2780; 'an dragen swerd,' 2843. An, in, 1605, 2789, 3086. A.S. and O.S. an; South Prov. E. an. An, and, 206, 221, 647. And = an, a, 3463. And = an, in, 1470. Andswere, answer, 3081. Andswerede, answered, 4109. A.S. andswerian, to answer. Anger, grief, 972. Ani, any, 48, 2181. Anog, enough, 600, 3365, 3876. Answerede, answered, 2728, 3605. Answeren, (sb.) answer, 2673. Ant, and, 485. Apples, 1129. Arche, ark, 560, 561, 580. Arche-wold, ark-board, 576, 614. Arches, ark's, 602. Ard, hard, 1228. Arled, ring-streaked, 1723. A.S. orl, rim, welt, border. Arn, Aren, are, (pl.) 16, 815, 3606, 3882. Arsmetike = arsmetrike, arithmetic, 792. Arwe, arrow, 478. As, hast, 1760. Aske, ask, 1668. Askede, asked, 1391. Askeden, (pl.) asked, 2672. Askes, ashes, 3024. Astronomige, astronomy, 792. At, to, 554; of, 2697; in, 3790. At, ate, did eat, 337, 342, 3407. Ate, hate, 373, 3638. Atter, poison, venom, 372. A.S. áter, atter. Atteð = hatteð, is called, 813. At-wond, ceased, 3058. A.S. ætwíndan, to wind off, escape, flee away (pret. ætwánd, p.p. ætwunden). At-wot, disappeared, departed, 1049. A.S. wítan, to depart; at = A.S. æt, as in at-wond, etc. Aucter, altar, 612, 625. Auter, altar, 1297, 1325. Aue, have, 2388. Auede = hauede, had, 1251. Auen = hauen, have (inf.), 1505, 1512; (pl.) 3680. Aueð = haueð, hath, 2425, 2469. Awai, Awei, away, 616, 810, 858, 860, 861. Aweiward, away, 3168. Awold, avail, be successful, 1671; signify, 1944, 2727; cause, 2054. A.S. walden, to rule, wealdan, to govern (p. weold, p.p. wealden). Ay, ever, always, 5, 87, 155. Ayne = ane, one, a, 2639. Bad, commanded, 41, 57, 441, 572, 618; prayed, 1462; 'bad meðe,' besought mercy, 3011. A.S. biddan (pret. bæd, p.p. beden), to ask, pray, command. Bad, offered, gave, 2653; 'bad bede,' offered prayer, 1375, 2981. A.S. beódan (pret. beád, p.p. boden). Bade, bad, 2436. Bak, back, 1333. Bale, sorrow, misery, calamity, destruction, 68, 322, 850, 1122, 1166; death, 1984. A.S. bealu. Bannede, summoned, assembled, 3213. A.S. bannan, bonnan, to proclaim. Bar, bore, took, 209, 338; gave birth to, 418, 428, 722; carried, 2078. Baren, to disclose, 1912. Barg, (pret. of bergen) preserved, 1330, 3477. Bargt = barg, preserved, 898. Bat, bad, 53; restored, 882; offered, gave, 1015. See Bad. Be, shall be, 784. Bead, bad, 1059, 2494, 2768; invited, 1056; offered, 1069; presented, 3340. Bead = abead, endured, suffered, 3105. Beames, trumpet's, 3521. A.S. byme, a trumpet. Beas = beast = beëst, art, 365, 366. Bed, (pret. of bidden) commanded, bad, 258, 1292. See Bad. Bed, (pret. of beden) offered, gave, presented, 909, 1014, 2017, 2047; (imp.) present, 2073. Bedden, (pl. pret.) offered, 2273; prayed to, 2498. Bede, prayer, 631, 1375, 2981. A.S. béd. Beden, (p.p.) commanded, 2212. Bedes, prayers, 495, 3888. Bege, ring, 2140. A.S. beah, béh, beág (g. beáges), a crown, bracelet, ring. Beges, bracelets, 1390. A.S. beágas. Bem, beam, 'heuene-bem' = the sun (?), 1606. Ben, to be, 15, 101, 164; are, 107, 139, 630. Bene, prayer, petition, 2511. A.S. bén. Ber, bore, 1701. Berdes, beards, 3584. Bere, bier, 2481. Bere, (inf.) bear, 1465; (subj.) 3513. Bered = bereð, beareth, 326, 2705. Berem-tem = bern-tem, family, race, 3903. Beren, (inf.) bear, carry, 8, 118, 120, 787, 2084; (pl. pret.) 1187, 2557; to show, 1044. Beren-tem, family, descendants, 954. Beres, (sb.) bears, 191. Bereð, bear, (imp.) 2243, 2248. Berg, (sb.) defence, protector, 926. A.S. beorh. Berge, Bergen, to protect, 1060; (opt.) 2529. A.S. beorgan (pret. bearh, p.p. borgen). Bergles, shelterless, unprotected, 3048. Beries, berries, 2062, 2064. Bering, bearing, behaviour, 2178. Bernteam, descendant, 3748. A.S. bearn-team, posterity, from bearn, a child, and teamian, to generate. Best, art, 2884. Beste, beast, 194. Bet, beat, (pret.) 483, 3958. A.S. beót. Bet, better, 1713, 2366, 2938, 3753. A.S. Betende, beating, 2713. Betes, beatest, 3974. Betre, Bettre, better, 1585, 1957, 2820. Betten = beten, amend, 3637. A.S. bétan. Beð, is, 182, 1156, 1589; shall be, 386, 4122; (imp.) 2263, 3231. Beðen, bathe, 2447. A.S. beþian. Beðen, pray, entreat, 2498. O.N. beiða, to pray. Bi, by, 141, 1586. Bi-aften, behind, 1333, 3377. A.S. be-æftan. Bi-agt, ought, should, 924. Bicalleð, calls after, accuses, 2314. Bicam, became, befell, happened, 996, 1404, 2007, 2148; went, 1744. Bicrauen, (inf.) ask, crave, 1388. Bicumen, (inf.) become, pass, come into, 960, 1577; (p.p.) befallen, 2227; become, 3839. Bid, intreat, pray, 2509. Bidde, intreat, 1569; command, 3454. Bidden, (inf.) pray, beseech, 1802. Biddi = bidde, offer, 27. Bideð, biddeth, 3451. Bifel, befell, 963. Biforen, Biforn, before, 47, 219, 253, 451, 665, 905, 907, 2272. Bigan, began, 188, 236, 448, 921. Bigamie, 448, 449. Bigat, begot, 708, 709, 711, 1590; obtained, 796. Bigen, to buy, 2166, 2246. A.S. bygan, bycgan. Bigete, winnings, spoil, 896. Bigetel, advantageous, 1992. Bigeten, (inf.) obtain, 1532; beget, 2180; require, 1666; prevail, 2021; (p.p.) begotten, 906, 1151, 1376, 1377, 2006; acquired, obtained, 911, 2706. Biggede, dwelt, 1137. A.S. byggan, to build; Icel. byggia; O.Sw. bygga, to build, inhabit. Bigging, Bigginge, Biging, sojourn, abode, dwelling, 718, 762, 807; house, 3163. Biginned = biginneð, beginneth, 2538. Biginning, Biginninge, beginning, 32, 39, 521. Bigote, begotten, 2618. Bigunnen, (pl. pret.) began, 536. Bihaluen = surround, 3355. See Havelok, l. 1834. Bihet, (pret. of bihete) promised. A.S. beǽtan, (pret. behét; p.p. beháten) to promise. Bihoten, promised, 3132. Bi-hu[f]lik (?), needful, necessary, 4108. A.S. behóflíc. Bilagt, taken away, 773. A.S. ge-læccan (pret. gelæhte), take, catch, seize. Bileaf, remained, 1332, 2776; left, 3066. Bilef, remained, 671, 1346, 1516, 1791, 1801. A.S. belífan (pret. belaf). Bileften, (pl. pret.) dwelt, abode, 800. Bileph = bilef, remained, 2662. Bileue, should remain, 1716. Bileue, quickly, 4128. Bileuen, to remain, stay, 1766, 3114. Bileuen, remainder, 3154. Bilewen, to remain, 2233. Bilirten, deprive of by fraud, 316. Biloc, surrounded, 2684. See Biluken. Bilong, along of, not belong, 2058. Biluken, enclosed, shut up, 104. A.S. belúcan (pret. beleác; p.p. belocen). Bimen, complaint, cry, 2894. Bimeneð, bemoaneth, 2226. Bimening, mourning, bemoaning, 2484. Biment, Bimente, complained, 1217; bewailed, bemoaned, 2202, 4150. A.S. bemǽnan (pret. bimǽnde). Binam, used, 1706. See Binimen. Binden, to bind, 2193, 3193. Bineðe, Bineðen, beneath, below, 10, 66, 126, 3526, 4082. A.S. benyðan. Binimen, to take away, 1764. A.S. beniman (pret. benám, p.p. benumen). Binnen, within, 1032, 1731. A.S. binnan. Binumen = be taken, 1578. Binumen, bereft, taken away, 198, 772; rescued, 2876; placed, 376. Biofte, behoof, 1408. A.S. behofian, to behove. Bioueð, behoveth, 1159. Biquuad, ordered, appointed, 117. See Quuad. Biqueðen, bewail, 2448. See Queðe. Bird, birth, 2591. Biri, city, 2257. A.S. burh (pl. byrig). Biried, buried, 256, 735, 2517, 3851. Biriele, tomb, sepulchre, 2488. A.S. byrgels. Birien, to bury, 2424. Birigeles, burial, interment, 2474. Birðe, Birðehe, birth, 441, 1177, 1187, 1484, 1497. Birðen, to be born, 1471. Birðehe, birth, 368. Birðheltre, fruit-bearing tree, 119. Bise, rule, govern, 4107. Bisek, (imp.) beseech, 3093. Biseke, (imp.) beseech, 4155. Biseken, to beseech, 2492, 3600. Bisen, to provide, 1313; ordained, 1411; govern, direct, 2141, 3414. A.S. beseon. Biset, (p.p.) beset, surrounded, 3225. Bisette, (pret.) beset, compassed, 2687. Bisetten, surrounded, encompassed, 1066. Bisne, blind, 472, 2822. A.S. bisen. Bisogt, (p.p.) besought, asked, 3080. Bisogte, (pret.) besought, 3236; interceded, 3693. Bispac (= bespoke), gain-said, contradicted, 1444. Bispeken, to blame, condemn, 1855. A.S. besprécan, to accuse, blame. Bistod, lamented, 3857. Bistoden, (pl.) bewailed, wept for, 716, 1456. A.S. bestanden, to stand by. Biswiken, betrayed, deceived, 3561. A.S. beswícan. Bit, biddeth, 2238. Bitagt, (p.p.) delivered, given over, assigned, 774, 1677. Bitagte, (pret. of bitaken or bitechen) gave, 212, 782, 1185; appointed, assigned, 923, 965, 1663, 2622, 3621. A.S. betǽcan (pret. betǽhte). Bitagten, (pl.) delivered, consigned, 1424. Biteg, accomplished, 2878. See Ten. Biten, (pl.) accomplish, 3626. See Ten. Biter, bitter, 3300. Bithowte, bethought, 2735. Bitid, befallen, 357, 1194, 1876, 1978, 2358, 3406. Bitidde, befell, 3861. Bitime, betimes, 1088. Bitogen, bestowed, applied, 1771; guided, directed, 3796. See Ten. Bitold, rescued, 920; from bitellan, to defend, rescue. See Orm. l. 2045, and O.E. Hom. 1st S. p. 205. Bitterlike, bitterly, 1115; angrily, 2030; severely, sharply, 3896. Biðhogte, Biðogt, Biðohte, bethought, devised, 36, 37, 1183. A.S. beþencan, to consider, bethink. Bitwen, between, 8, 251, 760, 1168, 1601, 2406. Biueð, trembleth, 2280. A.S. bifian, beofian. Biwaken, (pl.) keep a wake (or vigil) for the dead, 2444. A.S. wæcan, to watch, wake. Blast; (ph.) 'liues blast,' 201; 'hornes blast,' 3464. Ble, colour, hue, 457; appearance, 749. A.S. bleo. Blein, blain, 3027. Bles, (g. sing. of ble) of colour, hue, 1725. Blessede, turned aside, ceased, 3653, 3803. See Blissen. Bleð, timid, fearful, 2590, 3520, 3907. A.S. bleáð, gentle, timid. O.N. blauðr. Blinne, Blinnen, to cease, 289, 1963. A.S. blinnan. Blis, Blisce, bliss, 382, 748, 3518. Blisced, (p.p.) blessed, 1552, 1616. Bliscede, (pret.) blessed, 163, 897, 1546. Bliscing, blessing, 1508, 1532, 1556, 1563, 1568, 2398. Blisse, bliss, 11, 241, 2068. Blissen, to lessen, 553. Du. bleschen, to quench. Blisses, (g. sing.) of bliss, 19, 383; pl. happiness, joys, 2350. Bliðe, blithe, joyful, 1343, 1653. Bliðelike, blithely, joyfully, 1424, 1499. Blo, blue, 637, 638. A.S. bleo; O.Du. bla. Blod, blood, 1074, 1452, 1661, 2816. Blod, woman, 1192. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Blod. Blodes, of blood, 2956. Blomede, bloomed, flowered, 2061. Boc, book, 523, 2522. Bode, (subj.) should tolerate, endure, 1594. Bode, word, message, command, 395, 621, 939, 991, 1008, 1286, 1973, 2383, 2859. A.S. bod, gebod, a command, message; beódan, to command, order, bid. Boden, (pl. pret.) bad, commanded, 1067, 1096, 1971, 3544; asked for, 3169; p.p. bidden, 1430, 3111, 4115. Bodes, commands, rules, 3528. Bodeword, Bodewurd, commandment, prohibition, 213, 218, 361, 2282; message, 396, 2494, 2880, 2913. See Bode. Bofte = Bihofte, behoof, 1388. A.S. be-hófian, to behove. Bog, bough, 608. Boge, bow, 483, 1238. Bogt, (p.p.) bought, 1994, 3683. Bogte, (pret.) bought, 1996. Boken, book; ph. 'on no boken,' 4. Bokes, books, 3635. Bold, bad, 323; stubborn, 1917; boldly, 2728. Bolen. See To-bollen. Bond, Bonde, bond, prison, 2076, 2693; force, power, 763, 2114, 2716. Bondes, bonds, 344, 2230. Bone, prayer, petition, boon, 2980. O.N. bón; A.S. bén. Booc, book, 4124. Bor, (pret. of beren) bore, 425. Borde, table, board, 1210. Boren, s. pl. bearers, 1798. Boren, (pl. pret. of beren, to bear) bore, 684, 1725, 1730; p.p. born, 84, 220, 648, 655, 666, 1144; borne, 2512, 2518. Borgen, (p.p. of bergen) protected, saved, 1102, 1105, 2686. See Bergen. Borwen, (p.p. of berge) preserved, saved, 886, 3044. Bosum, bosom, 2809. Bot, (pret. of biten) bit, 2926. Bot, Bote, salvation, deliverance from evil, forgiveness, atonement, 24, 2957, 3598. A.S. bót, bótu; bétan, to amend. Boðen, both, 328, 350, 899, 1275, 1390. Brac, broke, 3100. Bras, brass, 467. Brast, (pret. of bresten) burst, 1808. Bread-lepes, bread-baskets, 2078. A.S. leap, a basket, hamper. Bred, Bread, bread, 364, 1013, 1225, 2079. Bred, (p.p.) roasted, 1013, 3147. A.S. brǽdan, (p. brǽdde; p.p. gebrǽd) to melt, roast. Bredde, (pret.) melted, 3342. Bredes, of bread, 894, 1246. Bred-wrigte, baker, 2077. Breken, break, 3147. Brekeð, breaketh, 3062. Brend, (p.p.) burnt, 3685. Brende, (pret.) burnt, 1108, 2668, 2778, 2779. Brend-fier-rein, rain of burning fire, 1110. Brennen, to burn, 1087, 2775, 3154. Brennen = brennende, burning, 2653. Brenninge, (sb.) burning, 3654. Brent, Brente, burnt, 754, 1114, 1336, 2656. Brest, breast, 343, 370. Brewen, to brew, produce, 4054. Breðere, brethren, 823, 1911, 2217; brothers', 530, 2213. Brictest, brightest, 1910. Bridale, wedding, 1674. Brigt, (adj.) bright, 132, 951; beautiful, 1058; clear, 2780; (sb.) brightness, 143. Brigte, (adv.) clearly, 3763. Brigtlike, clearly, brightly, 3491. Brimen, to become fertile, teem, 118; bear fruit, 1128. A.S. breman, to have in honour. Brimfir, burning-fire, brimstone, 754. Brinfires, burning-fires, brimstones, 1164. Bringen, to bring, 312, 738, 1067; 'bringen on' = to bring against, 2032. Briðere = breðere, brethren, 2271. Brocte, brought, 237. Brod, brood, 3712. A.S. bród. Brogt, (p.p.) Brogte, (pret.) brought, 62, 124, 219, 608, 847, 870, 874, 882, 2634. Brogten, (pl. pret.) brought, 3546. Broðer, brother, 420, 1394. Bruc, (imp.) enjoy, 1831. A.S. brúcan, (p. bréac; p.p. gebrocen) use, enjoy, eat. Buges, boughs, 2060. Bunden, (p.p.) bound, 2216. Burdene, burden, birth, 1467. Burg, Burge, city, 812, 833, 1110, 1837. A.S. burh, burg. Burge-folc, townsfolk, 1854. Burges, cities, 746, 840. Burges, (g. sing.) of the city, 1053, 1086. Burgt = burg, city, 727, 744, 879. Burgt-folk = burg-folc, towns-folc, people, 1063. Busk, bush, 2779. But, send out (?), 3075. It may represent the A.S. búte, bútu, both. But, Bute, unless, 3017, 3616; only, 4000. A.S. búte. Bute if, unless, 4059. Buteler, butler, 2092, 2115. Buten, about, 566. A.S. bútan. But-if, unless, 1713, 2698, 2949. Buttere, butter, 1014. Buxum, obedient, 980, 1299. A.S. bocsum, from búgan, to bend. Cald, (p.p.) called, 3367, 3686. Calde, (pret.) called, 1446, 1631, 1702. Calden, (pl. pret.) called, 685. Calles, callest, 3237. Cam, came, 114, 158, 416. Can, know, 309; did, 2872. Canticle, 4124. Care, sorrow, 775. A.S. cáru. Carf, cut, carved, 2700. A.S. ceorfan, (pret. cearf; p.p. corfen) to cut, engrave. Carte-hird, collection of carts (chariots), 3215. Cartes, carts, 2362. Cast, a shadow (?), 3463. Caue[n], a cave, 1137. Chaf, chaff, 2889. Chafare, chaffer, 1951. Chare, turn, go, 2390. Charen, to turn, depart, journey, 1712, 2436, 3010, 3055, 3704, 3986. A.S. cérran, círran, to turn, pass over or by. Charite, charity, 1016. Chartre, prison, 2043. A.S. cwartern, a prison. Chasthed, chastity, 2022. Che, she, 1227. Cherl, churl, man, fellow, 2715. Ches, (pret. of chesen) chose, selected, 433, 805, 807, 1250, 2736, 3672; (imp.) 3665. Chesen, to choose, 3429. A.S. ceósan, (pret. ceás, p.p. córen) to choose, select. Chidden, (pret. pl.) chided, rebuked, 1927. Chiden, to chide, 2722. Childe, child, 966, 974. Childes, child's, 1965, 1972. Childhede, childishness, 2652. Childles, childless, 930. Childre, children, 656, 715, 722. Chirche-gong, church-going, 2465. Chirches, churches, 511, 3197. Chosen, (pl.) chose, 543. Circumcicioun, circumcision, 992. Circumcis, circumcised, 999, 1002. Circumcise, circumcision, 2848. Circumcised, circumcised, 1200, 1202. Cisternesse, pit, cistern, 1960. Clene, clean, pure, 605, 611, 627, 777, 3454, 3637. Clense, cleanse, 3453. Cleped, Clepede, Clepit, called, 1198, 1274, 2631, 4099. A.S. cleopian, to cry, call. Clepeð, calleth, 3330. Clerkes, clerks, learned men, 2993. Clipping-time, shearing time, 1740. Cliued, 'he cliued' = him cliueð = cleaves to him, 1963. Cliuen, to stick, fasten, 372. A.S. clifian. Cliueð, adheres, remains, 2384. Cloðen, to clothe, 2630. Colen, coals, 2653. Comb, top, crest, 2564. Du. kam. Come, coming, arrival, 2267. Come, should come, 464. Comen, (p.p.) come, 344. Comen, (pret. pl.) came, 1979, 2611, 2940. Coren, corn, 2104, 2237. Corune, crown, 2638. Corunes, crowns, 3789. Cost, nature, kind, 3327. A.S. cost. Icel. kostr, habits, character. Costful, trying, dangerous, 3880. A.S. costian, to try. Craflik, craftily. Crauede, craved, asked, 1418. Crauen, to crave, ask, demand, 1320, 1408, 1667, 1718, 2366, 3171. Crep, (pret. of crepen) crept, 2924. A.S. creópan, to creep (pret. creáp, p.p. cropen). Crepen, to creep, 610, 2560. Crisme, chrisom, the anointing oil, 2458. O.Fr. cresme, from χρισμα. Cristene, Cristenei, Christian, 7, 15. Cropen, crept, 2974. Crune, crown, 2642. Cude = cuðe, could, knew how to, 878, 2674. Cuden = cuðen, (pl.) could, 875. A.S. cunnan, to ken, know (pret. cúðe, p.p. cúð). Cum, (imp.) come, 2791. Cume, (1st pers. sing.) come, 1037. Cume, (p.p.) come, 1432. Cume, (pl.) come, 2171. Cumen, (inf.) come, 305, 505, 2337. Cumen, (pl. pret.) came, 1065. Cumen, (p.p.) come, 365, 410, 570, 1141, 2316. Cumeð, (imp. pl.) come, 3485. Cunen, (pl.) can, are able, 4054. Cuppe, cup, 2310, 2318. Cursen, to curse, 4005. Cursing, (sb.) curse, 3926, 4037, 4038. Cuðe, could, 470, 2594, 2747; showed, 1659. Cuðen, could, 3224; knew, 2996. Cuuel-staf, a cowl-staff, a pole for carrying two-handled vessels, 3710. A.S. ceofl, cawel, a basket. Dage, days, 'of dage brogten,' put to death, 3545. Dagen, to dawn, 16, 91. A.S. dæg, a day; dægian, to shine; dagian, to dawn; dagung, a dawning, daybreak. Dages, days, 3297. Dai, day, 83, 88, 93. Daiening, Daigening, Daning, dawn, 77, 1808, 3264. Daiges, day's, 3294. Daiges, days, 2455, 2471. Dain = ðain (?), a man, 1116. Dais, day's, 113, 114, 157, 158. Dais, days, 590. Dale, dale, vale, 'sorwes dale,' 19; 'werldes dale,' 142. Dalen, dale, 1931. Dalf, buried, 2718. See Deluen. Dan = ðan, then, 411, 613, et passim. Daning, dawn, 1808. See Daiening and Dagen. Dat = ðat, 224, 232, 342. Dead, Deade, death, 312, 392, 402, 421, 2573, 3120. Dead, deed, 2983. Deades, death's, 268, 714, 3396. Deai, day, 862. Ded, Dede, death, 214, 257, 261, 265. Ded, Dede, dead, 217, 750, 2465. Dede, deed, 355, 502, 1150, 2662. Dede, did, 24, 118, 224; put, placed, 42, 576; made, 762, 2291; showed, 2757. Deden, (pl. pret.) did, 1059, 1153; made, caused, 1522, 2100, 2560; put, 2555; fixed, 3442; gave, 3551. Dedes, death's, 344, 484, 2716. Dedes, deeds, 2459. Dedes, deeds', 551. Dedis = put them, 3830. Dei, day, 78. Deieð, dieth, 751. Deigen, to die, 3127. Del, a part, a whit, bit, 230, 1092, 567, 1062; -what, -thing, 353; parts, 3239. A.S. dǽl, a part. Del, (imp.) divide, 3239. A.S. dǽlan, to divide, distribute. Delen, (pl. pres.) divide, 151. Delt, divided, scattered, 670, 3243. Delte, (pret.) divided, 941. Deluen, to bury, 2452. A.S. delfan, to dig, delve (pret. dealf, p.p. dolfen). Dempt, doomed, condemned, 2038. A.S. déman, to deem, doom. Denede = dinede, shook, quaked, 3772. A.S. dynian, to din. Dep, deep, 1942. Depe, Diep, deeply, 1873, 2655, 2770. Der, deer, animal, 169, 178, 187, 299, 4020, 4025. Dere, noble, precious, 271, 2247; dear, beloved, 403, 1569. Dere, to harm, annoy, 1588, 3514; to injure, 4047; destroy, 3566. A.S. derian. Dere, (sb.) harm, hurt, 2970, 3214, 3742. A.S. dere, dar, daru, hurt, damage. Dered, Derede, harmed, hurt, 242, 2596, 3052. Deren, to hurt, annoy, 788, 1188, 1271, 2348. Deren, (pl. pres.) hurt, annoy, 187, 852. Derer = dere, dear, beloved, 2399. Deres, injuries, 3088. Deres, animals, 4032. Deres-kin, animals, 556. Dereð, harms, hurts, 3818. Derke = derðe, dearth, famine, 2237, 2345. Derne, secret, 1950. A.S. dearn. Derre = dearly, 3683. Deserd, Desert, desert, 1227, 2737, 2770. Dew, 3325. Dhogt = ðhogt, thought, care, 1153. Dewes, dew's, 3327. Digere = diyere, dear, precious, 3483, 3484; dearer, 3903. Dik, dike, ditch, pit, 281. Dikes, ditches, 2560. Dim, dull, 286; ignorant, 3673. Dine, din, noise, 3467. Dinede, sounded, 3464. Dis = ðis, 63. Diserd, desert, 975. Do, take, put, 2781, 3604, 3819, 3822. Dogtres, daughters, 1090, 1094. Dole, part, 152. Doles, parts, 151, 3243; pieces, 952; shares, 1512. See Del. Doluen, (p.p.) buried, 1895, 3200, 3685. Doluen, (pret. pl.) dug, 3189. Domesdai, Domesday, doomsday, 105, 505, 645. Domme, dumb, 2821. Don, (inf.) to do, cause, 194, 534, 1146, 3608. Don, (pl. pres.) do, 311; cause, 180. Don, (p.p.) done, 345, 3012; placed, put, 267, 381, 383, 2586, 3206. Dor = ðor, there, 668, 897. Dor-bi = ðor-bi, thereby, 1637. Doð, (imp.) cause, 2351; do, 3727. Doð, doth, causes, 2702, 2883. Dowter, daughter, 1847, 2147, 2599, 2601, 2603. Dowtres, daughters, 2743. Dragen, (p.p.) drawn, 3980; compiled, 13; 'to dead ... dragen,' put to death, 3458; 'of liue dragen,' slain, 3806; withdrawn, 598; led, drawn, 2046; sprinkled, 3156. Dragen, (inf.) to draw near to, 2360, 2378. Dragen, (adj.) drawn, 2843. Dragt, plan, 3624; way, course, 3745. Dragun, dragon, serpent, 2924. Drake, dragon, 283. Dranc, drank, 1660. Drechede, delayed, 2835. Drechen, delay, 1420, 1946. A.S. drécan, to trouble, oppress. Dred, dread, fear, 179, 660, 694, 698. Dredde, dreaded, feared, 767, 1868, 3008. Dredes, dread's, 2806. Dredeð, (imp.) dread, 2343, 3129. Dredful, fearful, 3520; dreadful, 3521. Dredi, afraid, 872. Dref, trouble, 4144. See Dreue. Dreful, sorrowful, 2590. See Dregen. Dreg, suffered, endured, 429, 566, 2877. Drege, Dregen, (pl.) endure, suffer, bear, 512, 2208. Dregen, (inf.) to suffer, 3235. A.S. dreógan (pret. dreag, p.p. drogen), to suffer, bear. Drem, Dreme, dream, 953, 2095; 'on dreme,' in dream, 1179. Dremen, to dream, 2067. Drempte, (vb. impers.) dreamt, 1941, 2049, 2059, 2078, 2095. Dremes, (pl.) dreams, 1918, 2086; (gen.) 2112, 2114. Dreue, to trouble, 318. A.S. dréfan, to trouble, disturb. Drie, dry, 616. Dried, 3681. Drige, dry, 3910. Drinc, drink, 1149, 1246. Drinkelen, to drown, 2768. Drinken, to drink, 2065, 3582. Drinkilden, (pl.) drowned, 492. Dririhed, dreariness, 1122. Driuen, (pres. pl.) drive, 1647; (pret. pl.) drove, fell, 4096; (p.p.) driuen, 307, 574, 1125; practised, 1681. Drof, draff, dregs, 3582. O.Du. draf. Dan. drav; Icel. draf, dregs. "Draffe or drosse, or matter stamped, pilumen."—(Prompt. Parv.) Drof, assemblage, 102. A.S. dráf. Drog, Droge, drew, 478, 1746, 1844, 3909. Drogen, (pl.) drew, 1077. Drogen = ? drogende, suffering, 977. Drogen, (p.p.) suffered, 1772, 2402, 2404, 2786, 3648. See Dregen. Drope, drop, 1018. Dropen, killed, 2648. A.S. drepan (pret. dræp, p.p. drepen), to strike, wound. Drug, drew, 2717. Drugen, (pl.) drew. Drugte, drought, dryness, 2107, 2348. A.S. drugoð. Drunken, drunk, 871, 1154. Dun, down, 484, 714, 1303. Dun, Dune, hill, 19, 587, 1101, 1295, 3380. A.S. dún. Dun-cumen, to descend, 1608. Dunes, hills, 599, 644, 855, 1100. Dune-is, down's, hill's, 1295. Dure, door, 1082. Duren, dare, 2239. Dure-pin, door pin, bolt of the door, 1078. Dure-tren, door-posts, 3155. Durste, durst, 2593, 3968. Dursten, (pl.) durst, 1863. Duue, dove, 605, 944. Dwale, heretic, apostate, 20, 67; deceit, fraud, 4055. A.S. dwala, an error; dwelian, to deceive. Dwale, grief, complaint, 1037, 1220; strife, contest, 3404. O.E. dule, dole. Sc. dool. Dwelledde, dwelt, 1106. E = he, 2341, 2708. E = he, they, 4094. Ear, ere, before, formerly, 36, 47, 250, 284, 1089, 1757, 2562, 3080; 'ear ðanne,' ere that. A.S. ear, ǽr. Eares, ears (of corn), 2104. Earuermor = eauermor, evermore, 12. Ebrisse, Hebrew, 73. Eddi, pleasant, good, 2086. A.S. eadig. Eddi-sel = happy (pleasant) time, prosperity, 2582. A.S. eádig, happy, blessed; sǽl, time. Ef = eft, again, 2337. Eft, Efte, again, 77, 365, 1169, 4032. Egest = hegest, highest, 143, 1224. Egte, probably miswritten for fegte, 470. Egte, eight, 1349. Egtende, Egtenede, eighth, 1199, 1202, 2543. Eige, awe, fear, 2550, 3043. A.S. ége, fear, terror. Eilden, ? bake, 2892. Stratmann proposes to derive it from O.N. elda, to make a fire. Eld, Elde, age, 579, 705, 707, 740, 900, 1283; on elde, in age, 1197. A.S. eld, yld, age. Eldes, of age, 1528. Eld = held, 2999. Elles, Hell's, 4157. Elles, else, 3072; besides, 4096. Elmesse-gifte, alms-gift, 2466. Elne, ells, 563, 565, 586. Elten, knead, 2892. O.N. elta. (Stratmann.) Em, uncle, 1758. A.S. eám. Endede, ended, 166. Endesið, destruction, death, 3777. A.S. ende, end, sið, adversity. Endesið may be an error for unsið, from A.S. unsið, mishap. Ending, Endinge, death, 487, 1506, 2420, 2439. Engle, Engleis, English, 14, 450, 814. Erd, Erde, land, abode, 210, 383,1131, 2094, 2406. A.S. eard, province, country. Erdes, abodes, lands, 956. Erdfolc, people, 1880. Erdne, Erdene, = ernde, errand, petition, 787, 1372, 1400, 1402. A.S. ærend, ærende, message, news. Ere = here, of them, 2855, 3773. Ereward-riche, inheritance, 1512. Du. erfrijk. See Erward. Erf, cattle, 183, 195, 910, 2746, 3018. A.S. ærfe, erfe, orfe, yrfe. Erf-kin, cattle, 3177. Ermor = eauermor, evermore, 306. Erneste, necessity, 411. Erðe, earth, 40, 116, 118, 122. Erðe-dine, earthquake, 1108, 3196. A.S. eorð-dýne. Erðes, earth's, 124, 1547, 1573. Erue, cattle, 169, 174, 803, 1948, 2751. See Erf. Eruerilc = euerilc, every, 160. Erward = erf-ward, heir, 934. A.S. yrfe-weard, an heir. Es = is, them, 135, 1535, 1700, 2176, 3025, 3097. Est, an error for eft, 607. Est, east, 829, 1449. Estdede, kindness, 2758. A.S. este, mild, favouring. Esterne, Easter, 3289. Et, it, 590, 3899. Eten, (p.p.) eaten, 329; (inf.) to eat, 364, 1531, 1538; (pl. pres.) eat, 1779. Eðe-moðed = eðe-moded, appeased, 1584. Eðen = heðen, hence, 2188. Eði-modes = eðe-moded (easy minded), kind, gentle, 2249. A.S. eáð, easy, gentle, mild; eáð-mód, easy-minded, humble. Eððede, softened, alleviated, 1439. Euen, evening, 1675. Euene, even, equally, 331. Eui, heavy, 2559. Euerilc, every, 68, 69, 121, 2407; each, every one, 2214, 2355. Euerilc del, every whit, 567. Euerilc on, every one, 185, 609. Euerilk, every, 582. Fader, father, 29, 1148. Faderes, father's, 1536, 1586, 1748, 2293. Fagen, glad, joyful, 15, 510, 854, 1331, 1343, 1551. A.S. fægn, fægen, glad; fægnian, to rejoice, be delighted with. Fagnede, welcomed, 1441, 1655. Fagneden, (pl.) welcomed, 1410. Fagt, fought, 3386, 3390. Faier, Fair, Faire, (adj.) fair, beautiful, 126, 127, 769, 1058, 1192; (adv.) 1061. Faiernesse, fairness, colour, 1233. Faiger, (adj.) fair, beautiful, 1440, 2636, 2659; good, 3244; (adv.) 1396. A.S. fæger. Faigere, (pl.) fair, 3547. Faigered, fairhood, beauty, 2666. Faire, (adv.) decently, honourably, 2393, 3193. Faire-hed, Fair-hed, beauty, 1998, 2609. Fallen, to fall, 2734. Fand, temptation, strife, 3737. See Fonden. Far, Fare, (imp.) fare, go, 737, 1288. Fare, course, journey, 1434, 1989; departure, 3179; welfare, 2771. A.S. fær, faru. Fare, (inf.) to go, 2389. Fare, (1st pers. sing.) go, 930. Faren, (inf.) to go, 137, 1418, 1596, 2238; (pl. pres.) pass away, 2153; (p.p.) gone, 3705, 4145. A.S. faran, to go (pret. fór, p.p. gefaren). Fastede, fasted, 3611. Fe, goods, 439; cattle, 783. A.S. feoh, cattle, money, goods. Fear, far, 253, 2616. Feble, weak, bad, 1072. Fechen, Fechin, (inf.) to fetch, 1363, 1530, 2363. Fedde, fed, 2630. Feið, faith, 2187, 2678. Feger, far, 764. Fel, fell, 72, 484; 'fel wel,' prospered, 1521. Felage, fellow, companion, 1761. Felde, field, 440, 1437. Fele, many, 2371, 2400, 3197. Fele, defile, dishonour, A.S. fǽlan, to defile; ? or 'to fele' = too much, 3498. Fellen, (pl.) fell, 65, 287, 1854, 2272. Felte, felt, 1466. Felten, (pl.) felt, 350. Fen, mud, dirt, 490, 2557. Fendes, fiend's, devil's, 25, 401. Fendes, devils, 512, 2922, 2929. Fendes wise, devil wise, 2961. Fer, far, 36, 47, 1238, 1256. Fer, sound, whole, 2812, 3469. Dan. fór; O.N. foerr. See Sir Gawaine and the Green Knight, l. 103. Ferde, went, 810, 1598, 1739, 3263. Ferden, (pl.) went, 2306; acted, 2921. A.S. féran, to go. Ferding, army, 842. A.S. ferd, army; fyrding, an army, expedition. Fere, companion, 338; companions, 3783. A.S. fera, gefera, a companion. Feren, companions, fellows, 1275, 2845. Feren, afar, 2601. A.S. feorran, far from. Feres, companions, 659, 888, 2478. Ferli, wondrous, 2774. A.S. fǽrlíc, sudden; fǽrlíce, suddenly, from fǽr, sudden, fearful, strange. Ferlike, marvellously, 2799. Ferðe, fourth, 130, 131, 156, 157. Fest, fastened, 2703, 3797. Fest, Feste, feast, 1689, 2470, 3552. Festelike, convivially, 3407. Fet, feet, 3151. Fet, (sing.) Fette, (pl.) fat, 2098, 2100, 2101, 2104, 2110. Fetchden, (pl.) fetched, 2889. Feteles, Fetles, vessel, 561, 1225, 1247, 2595, 2801. A.S. fetels. Feten, an error for ſeten, set, built, 2553 (?). It may = fettle. O.Fris. fitia; Goth. fetjan, to adorn. Feten, fetch, 2744. A.S. fettan. Fette, fetched, 1535. Fetthed, fatness, abundance, 1547. Fier, fire, 103, 464, 1140. Fier-isles, fire ashes, 1130. A.S. ysla, ashes. Fieres, fire's, 1142, 3786. Fif, five, 527, 746. Fifte, fifth, 158, 159, 165, 166. Fiftene, fifteen, 415, 417. Fifti, fifty, 578, 657. Fifue, Fifwe, Fiue, five, 731, 852, 854, 855. Figer, fire, 3522. Figer, Figeren, far, 3519, 3904. Figt, fight, 870, 886; struggle, 1317, 1470. Figten, (inf.) fight, 3227; (pl.) 3572. Figti, warlike, 546. Figures, forms, 1006. Fild, filled, 1225. Fillen, fulfil, perform, 1463. Filt, filled, 1247, 2213, 2307. Fin, ending, death, 3852. Finden, Findin, to find, 1877, 3246. Findes, findest, 1768. Fir, fire, 99, 3338. Firmament, 95, 135. Firme, first, 39, 43, 59, 75, 76, 78, 172. Firmest, first, 1472, 1682, 1826, 4086. Fis, fish, 162, 221, 299, 752. Fisses, fishes, 2945. Fled, put to flight, subdued, 3396. Fledde, fled, 3384. Fleg, fled, 430, 1136, 1745, 2806. Flegen, to fly, 479, 610. Fleges, flies, 192. Fleges, flies', 3012. Fleges-kin, flies, 3004. Flegt = fleg, fled, 3643. Fleis, flesh, 591, 1013, 2089. Fleiðing, instigation, 692. A.S. flít, strife, offence. Flemd, banished, 1265. Flemede, banished, 1223. A.S. flyman, to banish. Flen, (inf.) to flee, 1086, 1513, (pl.) 2685. Fles, flesh, 3316. Flesses, flesh's, 349. Flet, flowed, 644; floated, 3187. A.S. fleótan, to flow. Fligt, Fligte, flight, 137, 161, 277, 3012. Fliten, striven, 3689. A.S. flítan, to strive (pret. flát, p.p. gefliten). Flitten, to remove, 1522. Dan. flytte, to remove. Flod, Flode, flood, 596, 644, 1112, 3186. Flodes, flood's, 2096. Flogen, (pl.) flew, 861, 3677; (p.p.) fled, flown, 1750, 3795. Flotes, swimming's, floating's, 162. A.S. flótan, to swim, float; flót, a float, raft. Stratmann compares flote with O.H.Germ. floza pinna. Floten, (pl.) floated, 2946. Flum, flood, 490; river, 806, 2486; sea, 1123. Flures, flour's, 1013. Fo, few, 2403. A.S. feáw, feá. Fode, food, 176, 894, 3146. Fodme, productions, 124, 125. A.S. fadung, setting in order, disposition. Fol, full, 211. Folc, folk, people, 697, 770, 894. Folckes, folk's, 4034. Folged, (p.p.) followed, 239. Folgede, (pret.) followed, 204, 1866. Folgen, to follow, 28, 3272. Folkes, folk's, people's, 2785. Folkes-kin, people, 1864. Folwede, followed, pursued, 880, 3187. Folwede on, pursued, 1751. Folwen, to follow, 401. Fon, foes, 2610, 2693. Fond, trial, 336; need, want, 3150. Cf. Du. vond, scheme, device. See Fonden. Fond, Fonde, found, 440, 1280, 1397, 1933, 2324. Fondeden, (pl.) tempted, 3368. Fonden, to try, 2938; to seek, 3476, 3946. A.S. fandian, to try, tempt, seek, search out. For, (pret. of fare) went, 743, 763, 1337, 2709. For, whether, 2651. Forbead, Forbed, forbad, 213, 311, 1329, 2932, 2984. Forbi, against, 3988. Forbode, prohibition, 324. Forboden, forbidden, 325. A.S. forbeódan, to forbid, prohibit. Forbone, an error for forbode, command, law, 3341. Forbrac, broke down, 3049. A.S. for-brecan, to break in two. Forbrende, burnt up, consumed, 3784. Fordede, killed, 426. A.S. for-dón, to destroy. Fordred, afraid, 1557, 1763, 2191. Fore, departure, 2984. A.S. fór, fóru, faru, a way, journey. Foren, before, 3541, 3866. A.S. fóran, before. Foren, (pl.) went, 2482. See Fare. For-fare, For-faren, to perish, 1087, 1134, 3018. A.S. for-faran. Forfrigted, afraid, frightened, 3519. Forgaf, forgave, 2499. Forgat, forgot, 2092. Forgeten, (inf.) to forget, 912, 1400, 1806; (p.p.) forgotten, 1152, 2179, 3128. For-hadede, consecrated (by burning), 3338. A.S. hadian, to consecrate. ? for-ha[r]dede, hardened. For-held, withheld, 2026. For-hele, (subj.) hide, 3512. For-helen, (inf.) to hide, 2593. A.S. for-hélan, to hide, conceal. For-hid, hidden, concealed, 1875. For-hirked, tired of, 3658. A.S. earg, slothful, dull, timid; yrhð, sloth, fear. For-holen, For-olen, (p.p.) concealed, hidden, 1747, 1759, 1870, 2317, 2331, 3446. For-hugede, rejected, 3814. A.S. for-hugian, to despise. Forles, lost, 189, 259, 502, 808. A.S. for-leósan, to lose. For-leten, (pl.) forsook, 4068. For-listede, from forlisten, to desire greatly, yearn for (see Orm. l. 11475); or does forlistede = deceived (?), 1851. Cf. Ger. list, craft, deceit. For-loren, (pret. pl.) lost, 241; (p.p.) 1886, 2511, 3468; accursed, reprobate, 546; destroyed, 1143. For-numen, taken away, 2228. See Nimen. For-quat, wherefore, 1657, 2053. For-red, deceived, 2192. A.S. forrǽdan, to mislead, deceive. For-sake, deny, 1767. For-saken, refused, 3811. For-sanc, sank entirely, 1114, 1117. For-soc, refused, 1833. For-sweðen, burn up, consume, 1140. O.N. sviða, to burn, consume. Forð, forth, away, forward, 249, 262, 578. For-ðan, therefore, 1190, 1261; because, 1996; thereupon, 3162. Forð-do, utter, 3993. Forðe, perform, 1372. Forðen, to promote, further, accomplish, 341, 4080; follow, 4059. A.S. fyrðrian, to further, support. Forðere, further, 1304, 3488. Forð-for, departure, exodus, 3158. A.S. forð-faru. Forð-geden, (pl.) passed, 1755. See Gede. Forð-glod, passed away, 113, 129, 157. See Glod. Forð-gon, extended, 835; pass, 845; gone, 2819. Forði, therefore, wherefore, 1581, 1591. A.S. forði. Forð-nam, forth went, 3351. See Nimen. Forð-nimen, proceed, 2676. Forð-numen, passed, 3640. Forð-wexen, (pl.) passed, 1211. For-token, token, sign, 2994. Forward, covenant, agreement, 1719, 1992, 3014. A.S. for-weard. Forwerti, fowertieðe, fortieth, 3439. For-went, changed, 1121. See Wente. For-weried, fatigued, 3894. For-wrogt, accursed, 266. Fostre, foster, nurse, 2620, 2624, 2625. Fostred, fostered, brought up, 2618. Fot, Fote, foot, 376, 1303, 1474; 'to fot,' at the feet, 2497. Foueles, fowls, birds, 570, 947. Foure, Fowre, four, 559, 814, 816, 852. Fowerti, fourty, 583, 589, 601, 3348. Fowrtende, fourteenth, 3143. Frame, profit, advantage, 133, 173, 626, 1837; benefit, 2540. Framen, to profit, serve, 1642; use, 3146. A.S. framian, to avail; freme, profit, gain. Fre, free, 623, 3244. Freinen, to question, 1047; inquire, ask, 1426, 1643, 1792. A.S. fregnan, to inquire, interrogate. Freinede, inquired, 2759. Frelike, freely, 2800. Fremen, to strengthen, aid, comfort, 173, 1245. A.S. fremian, to profit, prosper, do well. Fremeðe, force, lust, 349. A.S. freom, strong. Fren, to deliver, rescue, 2787. A.S. freón, to set free. Frend, friend, 1084, 3587. Frend, friends, 1775. Frendes, friend's, 1270; friends', 1392, 1597. Frenkis, French, 81. Freten, to eat, devour, 371, 4027; (p.p.) devoured, 2101. A.S. fretan, to eat, fret (pret. fræt, p.p. freten). Frigt, fright, fear, 1234. Frigted, Frigtede, feared, 1861, 3978; frightened, 1757. Frigtful, timid, 3459. Frigti, timid, frightened, afraid, 667, 1162, 1331, 2849; formidable, 984. Frigtihed, fear, awe, 542, 2222. Frigtilike, Frigtlike, timidly, 1617, 2163, 3870. Frið, protection, safety, 681, 683, 789. Friðe, Friðen, preserve, protect, 786, 1070, 2335; deliver, 3094; prosper, 1520. A.S. frið, peace; friðian, to make peace, protect, defend, keep, free. Fro, from, 89, 261; from the time that, 3206; ph. fro ðan, from that time, 188; from that place, 1247; fro ða = fro ðan, 1264. O.N. frá. Froren, frozen, 97. Cf. frore (Milton); and forloren from forleosan. Froskes, frogs, 2977; frogs', 2969. A.S. frosc. Froðer[ed]e, comforted, 893. A.S. freoðian, to protect, give peace to. Froward, from, 3322. Froure, comfort, consolation, 54. A.S. frofer, comfort; frofrian, to comfort. Fruit, 216. Fuel, fowl, 160, 161, 1124. Fueles, fowls, 16. Fugel, foul, 2556. Fugel, fowl, bird, 221, 299. A.S. fugel. Fugeles, fowls, 2081, 2089, 3323, 3679. Fugel-fligt, fowl-flight, 3321. Ful, full, 109, 110, 111. Fulfillen, perform, 1222. Fulfilt, accomplished, 1950. Fulsum, rich, plenteous, abundant, 748, 2153. Fulsum-hed, abundance, 1548, 2128, 2297, 3320. Fultum, aid, help, 2824, 3929. A.S. fultum, help. Funde, Funden, (pl.) found, 1973, 2948, 3298, 3299. Funden, (p.p.) found, 3190, 3366; discovered, 3301. Funden, to go, 2831, 2958. A.S. fundian, to go forward. Fundend = funden et, found it, 1082. Funt, font, 3290. Gad, a rod, 3185. A.S. gád, goad. Gaderen, gather, 2134, 3335. Gaf, Gafe, gave, 232, 238, 681, 1500. Gamen, pleasure, 411, 2015; sport, 3498; tricks, 1214. A.S. gamen. Gan, did, 91, 1417, 1421. Gare = yare, soon, quickly, 390, 2866, 3180. A.S. gare, gearo. Garen, prepare, get ready for a journey, 1417, 1595; exhibit, show, 138; to hasten, 3168. A.S. gearwan, gyrwan, to make ready, prepare. Garkede, arrayed, 3261. Garknede, prepared, 3240. O.E. yark; A.S. gearcian, to prepare, make ready. Gast, ghost, 202, 2428. A.S. gást. Gastes, ghost's, 1486, 2994. Gat, Gatte, Gatten, granted, 635, 1574, 2477, 2513; gave, 659. A.S. geatan, to grant. O.N. geta. Ge = ghe, she, 1024. Ge, ye, 329, 330. Geald, requited, 2581. See Gelden. Gede, went, 618, 1236, 1947, 3057. Geden, (pl.) went, 1034, 3195; passed away, 1673. Gef, if, 311. Geld, (pret.) performed, 1884; requited, 2758; (imp.) requite, 2152. Gelden, to requite, reward, 6; pay, 1628. A.S. geldan, to pay, yield, restore (pret. geald, p.p. golden). Gelus, jealous, 3495. Gem, heed, 2614. A.S. geame, gyme, care. Geming, care, protection, 2783. A.S. gýman, to take care of, preserve. Ger, year, 150, 152. Ger, years, 415, 419. Gerde = yard, rod, 2851, 2987. A.S. geard. Gere, an error for dere, precious, 1574. Geren, set in order (for burial,) 2441. See Garen. Geres, years, 2153. Gerken, prepare, 2255. See Garknede. Gerneden, (pl.) yearned, 3657. Geste, guest, 1054; guests, 1070. Gestning, feast, festival, 1507. A.S. gyst, a guest; gystenlíc, hospitable. Get, (pret.) poured, flowed, 585; (imp.) pour, 2815. A.S. geótan, to pour, pour out, shed (pret. geát, p.p. gegoten). Get, Gete, yet, 313, 375, 503, 1488. Gete, obtain, get, 1497. Geten, melt, cast, 3548. See Get. Getenes = yetenes, giants, 545. A.S. eóten, a giant. Getenisse, gigantic, 3715. Gette, poured, 582. Geue, given, 301. Geuelic, like, 282. A.S. ge-efenlǽcan, to be like. Geuelengðhe (even length), equinox, 147, 149. Geuen, to give, 1508, 2398; given, 2458. Ghe = she, 237, 337, 339. Ghe = ghet, yet, 1477. Gif, (imp.) give, 1492. Giftes, gifts, 1416. Gildes = cildes, child's, 2624. Gilt, Gilte, guilt, 2262, 2409. Ging, king, 2547. Ginge, young, 4049. A.S. ging. Ginges, king's, 3932. Girt, girded, 3149. Gisarme, pike, axe, 4084. Gisce, covet, 3515. Giscing, covetousness, 1874, 3432, 3516. A.S. gítsung, desire. Gisse, covetest, 3517. A.S. gítsian, to desire. Gister-dai, yesterday, 2732. Giuen, to give, 11, 1613. Glað, Glaðe, = glade; glad, 1779; 2297, 3671. Glente, looked affrighted, stared in astonishment, 1029. It signifies originally merely to shine, look. "Þys persone lay and lokede furth Vntyl a cofre yn þe florthe; Þar-to þe frere gaf gode tente Whyderwarde hys eyȝen glente." —(Robt. of Brunne's Handlying Synne.) Glew, music, 459. A.S. gleó. Gliden, (inf.) to glide, go, 370, 952; flowed, (pret pl.) 733; (p.p.) passed, 3460. Glod, glided, passed, 76, 113, 129. Gnattes, gnats', 2988. God, Gode, good, 1191, 1545, 1576. God, goeth, 2030. Gode, 'to gode,' gratuitously, 2890. Gode-frigtihed, Godes-frigtihed, god-fearingness, the fear of God, 495, 542. Godfulhed, godhead, 56. Gol = gold, 1872. Godun, (acc.) good, 1430. Golhed, lust, 534. A.S. gál, wanton; gálnes, lust. Gon, (inf.) to go, 643, 845, 2561; (pl.) go, 3124; (p.p.) gone, 639, 835; departed, 4128. Goren, darts, 3458. A.S. gár, a dart, javelin. Got, goat, 940. Goð, (imp.) come, 3585. Goð, God, 4132. Goue, should give, 3941. Gouel, tax, tribute, 844, 846, 848. A.S. gafel, gafol, tax, tribute. Gouen, (pl.) gave, 844, 2922, 2975. Grantede, consented, 1423. Grapte, felt, grasped, 1544. A.S. grápian, to feel, grope. Gram, fierce, 1228. A.S. gram, furious, fierce. Grauen, (inf.) to bury, 3778; (p.p.) dug, 1138; buried, 2431; carved, 2701, 3186, 3624. Grauen, an error for þrauen, control, 276. A.S. þrafian, to urge, compel. Graunte, grant, 2536. Gred, (sb.) cry, clamour, 3230, 3717. Gredde, cried, 3585. A.S. grædan, to cry, call. Gredi, hungry, 1494. A.S. grǽdig, greedy, from grædan, to cry, call for. Goth. gredags, hungry. Grei, grey, 1723. Greim, grievous, hard, 392. A.S. gremian, to make severe or cruel; grim, rage; grim, sharp, bitter. Greiðet, hastens, 1738. O.N. greiða, to make ready. Grene, green, 608, 2775, 2776. Gres, grass, 3049, 3088. Gresseoppes, grasshoppers, locusts, 3065. A.S. gærshoppa, grasshopper. Gret, great, 2098, 3226. Gret, grit, earth, 3774. A.S. greót, dust, earth. Gret, (sb.) weeping, 3888. Gret, wept, 1975, 2287, 2341. A.S. grǽtan, to weep (pret. grét; p.p. grǽten). Grete, (pl.) great, 2892. Greten, (pl.) wept, cried, 3207, 3659. Greteð, greeteth, 2382, 2864. Greueð, grieveth, 3818. Grið, protection, safety, security, 469, 560, 682, 1397. A.S. grið, peace, protection; griðian, to protect, defend. Grot, weeping, mourning, lamentation, 1577, 1978, 2289, 3717. See Gret. Groten, to bewail, 1984. Grucheden, murmured, 3354. Gruching, murmuring, 3318. Grund, Grunð, ground, 2110, 2640, 3278. Grunden, (pret. pl.) ground, 3339. Grusnede, groaned, 481. O.N. grijsen, grijnsen, to snarl, grin. Ger. grausen, to shudder, grunzen, to grunt. Gu, you, 325, 399, 2260. Guglond, kingdom, 1264. Gulden, (pl.) requited, 1062; (p.p.) requited, 927. Gummes = gimmes, gems, 2700. A.S. gimm. Gunc, you two, 2830. A.S. inc. Gund, Gunde, yonder, 1101; there, 3851. A.S. geond. Gune, (pl.) did, 3135. Gunen. See Gunne. Gunge, young, 2281, 2756. Gungere, younger, 1508, 1510. Gungest, Gunkeste, youngest, 1909, 2160, 2190. Gunker, of you two, both your, 398. A.S. incer. Gunne, Gunnen, Gunen, (pl.) did, 218, 534, 540, 592, 1344, 1953, 2378, 2492, 2755. Gur, Gure, your, 404, 2178, 2260; of you, 2318, 3471. Guð, youth, 2665. A.S. gugoð, youth. Hadde, (pret.) had, 193, 3392. Hadden, (pret. pl.) had, 413, 2930. Hagte = agte, possession, wealth, 431, 2582. See Agte. Hagt = agt, sorrow, grief, care, 486, 2044, 2082. See Agte. Haigre, hair cloth, 1977. See Allit. Poems, C. 373. A.S. hæra, sackcloth. Halge, hallow, 3501. Halle, all, 2340. Hali, holy, 54; 'hali day,' 3501; 'hali gast,' 202, 2438. Halp, helped, succoured, 26. Ham, am, 926. Hane, torment, oppression, 3354. A.S. hýnan, to hurt, vex; hean, poor; hænð, want. Hangen, hanged, 4075. Hard, obstinate, 3061; (adv.) hard, 3386. Harde, troublesome, difficult, 2054; severely, 3355. Hardi, fearless, 2121. Hardnesse, obstinacy, 3022, 3067. Haswed, spotted, variegated, 1723. A.S. haso, livid, dusky, dark, rugged, haswig, variegated. Hatte, called. See Het. Hatel, severe, cruel, 2544. A.S. hétol; S.Sax. hatel. Heg, Hege, high, 2011; loud, 2780, 3380, 4100. A.S. heg, heh. Hegere, higher, upper, 3392. Hegest, highest, 30, 2142. Heilnesse, health, 2068. A.S. hǽlnes, wholeness, health. Helde = eld, age, 457, 1527. Heled, healed, 229. Helden, (pl.) held, 285. Helden, to hold, 3274. Held forð, took, 165. Heli, holy, 51, 204. Helid, covered, 1636. A.S. hélan, to cover, conceal. Prov. E. hele, hile. Helle, hell; 'helle-dik,' 281; 'helle-bale,' 2525; 'helle-dale,' 1983; 'helle-pine,' 2530. Helles, hell's, 22. Helpe, (vb.) help, 2528; (sb.) help, assistance, 496, 1802, 2647. Helped, helpeth, 4062. Helpeles, helpless, 3558. Helpen, to help, 176, 1272. Helpes, helpers, 3409. Helðe, health, safety, 2344. Hem, an error for him, 180. Hem, them, 392, et passim. Hem-seluen, themselves, 537, 2889. Hemward; to h., to them, 2726. Hende, Henden, near, 3361, 3370. O.E. i-hende; A.S. ge-hende, hende. Heug, hung, 3899. Hente, seized, caught, struck, 2715. A.S. hentan, to seize. Her, here, 170, 175, 177, 184. Her = here, of them, 2258. Her, hear, 3525. Her = er, before, 801. Her-after, here-after, 243. Herberge, lodging, 1392. Herberged, lodged, 1602. A.S. here-bergan, to lodge, harbour, from here, an army. Herbergen, to lodge, 1057. Her-bi, hereby, 3572. Herdes, (gen.); uten herdes = out of (his) own country, 2410. Herdes-folc = erdes-folc, land-folk, people, 3372. Herde, heard, 1285, 1611. Herden, (pl.) heard, 1139, 3492, 3521. Here, theirs, 1920. Here, army, host, 1787, 2679. A.S. here. Here, hear, 3426, 3473. Here-gonge, invasion, 848. Here[n], expedition, 2479. See Here. Heren, to hear, 1370, 2531. Herf = erf, cattle, 2991. Herte, heart, 518, 520, 1302; g.s. of heart, 2936; courage, 3253. Herte-bren, heart-burning, lust, 4054. Hertedin, encouraged, consoled, 1980. Hertes, hearts, 1917. Herting, consolation, 1982. Herðe, an error for herte, heart, 2856. Herðe = herde = erde, land, 806. Het, promised, 2365, 2954; was called, 2588, 2589, 3333. A.S. hátan, to command, promise (pret. hét, p.p. háten); hátan, to call (pret. hátte). Hete, heat, 1228, 1229. Heten, (pl.) promised, 3450. Heðen, hence, 1644, 2508. O.N. hëðan. Heued, Heuod, head, 376, 1193, 1604. Heuedes, heads, 2926. Heued-welle, spring, 868. Heuene, Heuone, heaven, 40, 270; 'heuene bem' (the sun?), 1606; 'heuene dew,' 1547, 1573; 'heuene gate,' 1620; 'heuone hil,' 281; 'heuene rof' (heaven-roof, firmament), 101. Heuene-ward, heaven-ward, 3025. Heuerilc, every, 368. Heui, heavy, 2565. Heuones, heavens, 287. Hewe, form, 4051, Hic = ic, I, 34, 2783. Hicte = higte, was called, 713. See Hiegt. Hidden, (pl.) hid, 3028. Hidel-like, secretly, 2882. Hiden, to hide, 352. Hider, hither, 2344, 2895. Hiegt, threatened, 217. A.S. héht, pret. of hátan, to promise. Higte, was called, 747. Hil, hill, 1290, 1293. Hiled = hileð, covers, encloses, 102; (p.p.) hidden, concealed, 3184. See Helid. Himseluen, himself, 1338. Hin, Hine, him, 47, 3004, 3468. Hine-folc, servants, 3655. A.S. hína, híne, a domestic. Hines-kin, servants, 3776. Hinke = inke, fear, dread, 432. A.S. inca, doubt. Hird, flock, 2988; host, 3222, 3261, 3263, 3266; household, 1001. A.S. heord, herd. Hird, hurt, 3962. Hirde, shepherd, 456. A.S. hirde. Hirde-men, shepherds, 2395. Hirdenesse, Hirdnesse, herds, flocks, 1664, 1732, 1930, 2771. Hirdes, shepherds, 1643. Hire, wages, 1718, 1722. Hire, her, 238, 322; hers, 2035. His = is, 2935. His, Hise, his, 44, 45, 46; its, 125. Hogt, called (?), 2119. See Higte. Hol, whole, 1835, 2776, 2812. A.S. hál. Hold, old, 419, 424, 1453. Hold, kind, attentive, 1389; true, faithful, 2704, 3284. A.S. hold, faithful, friendly, true. Hold, (adv.) truly, 3941. Holden, (pl.) hold, 1201, 2236; (p.p.) held, 1425, 2040; esteemed, 1518. Holdet, holdeth, 1132. Holdelike, faithfully, truly, 1546. A.S. holdlíce. Holocaust, Holocaustum, 1319, 1326. Holpen, (pl.) helped, 3382, 3674. Holðe, possession, property, 1772. Hom, home, 1711. Homward, homeward, 1431, 2376. Hond, hand, 104, 959. Hondes, hands, 3383, 3385. Hor = or = before, 958. See Or. Hore, whore, 4082. Horedom, whoredom, adultery, 3509. Hore-men, adulterers, 4072. Hore-plage, adultery, 530, 4067. Hornes, horn's, 3464. Hostel, lodging, 1397. O.Fr. hostel, hosteil. Hot, promise, 935. Hoten, Hotene, (p.p.) called, 101, 1566, 2522; promised, 2508, 3704, 4098, 4118. See Het. Hoteð, (imp.) promise, 2510. Hu, how! 3077. Hu, how, 244, 295. Hun-frame, disadvantage, evil, 554. A.S. unfreme. Hunger, famine, 1513, 2150. Hunger-bond, force of hunger, famine, 763. Hungri gere, famine years, 2136. Huni, Hunige, honey, 2788, 3340. Hunkinde, unnatural, 534. Hunne, grant, 2249. A.S. unnan, to grant. Hunte, delay, 314. Huntere, hunter, 1481. Hun-wreste, wicked, 537. A.S. wræst, good; unwræst, base. Hure, our, 322, 2206. Hus, house, 1619, 2010. Huses, houses, 1602. Hus-folc, household, 3139. I, Ic, I, 309, 314, 315, 317. Idel, 'in idel,' in vain, 3497. Ideles, idols, 3197. Idelhed, vanity, 28. Iglic, ugly, 2918. See Uglike. Ik = ilk, same, 73. Ilc, Ilk, each, 68, 119, 134. A.S. ælc. Ilc, Ilke, same, 258, 313, 1184. Ilc-kinnes, of each kind, 220. Ilc-on, each one, every, 1379. Ille, ill, wicked, 1916, 4038, 4063; badly, wickedly, 1706, 4029. In = hin = him, 3887. In-gon, entered, 1068. In-wis = iwis, truly, indeed, 1515, 2521. A.S. gewís. Irin, iron, 467. Is, his, 482, 483, 1737. Is = his, its, 327. Is, them, 1702, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1833, 1873, 1877, 2654, 2655, 3115, 3831, 3832. Ist = is it, is there, 1121. It, they, 298, 1920. It, there, 2808. Iurnes, days' journeys, 1291, 3696. Iusted, allied, intermarried, 1589. Iuel, Iwel, (sb.) evil, 328; (adj.) bad, evil, 310, 502, 3718; (adv.) wickedly. I-wis, I-wisse, truly, indeed, 91, 109. I-wreken, avenged, 1856. I-wrogt, wrought, 3215. Kagte, pret. of catch, drove, 949. Kalues, calf's, 1013. Kamel, camel, 1398. Kameles, camels, 1365. Kenned, taught, 216. A.S. cennan, to adduce, to vouch the truth. Kep, care, heed, 939, 946, 1333, 2602. A.S. cépan, to keep, heed. Kepen, to keep, look to, 2453, 3378. Kepte, kept, 2625. Kepten, (pl.) kept, 2772. Kid, made known, 2357. Kidde, made known, 1651. Kiddit, showed it, made it known, 1394, 1654. Kides, kids, 1535; kid's, 1967. Kin, family, kin, 652. Kinnes, kin's, 756, 828. Kinde, natural, 78; native, 1279. Kinde, kind, nature, 185, 250, 457. Kinde, kin, family, 488, 650. Kindelike, kindly, with natural affection, 2500. Kinderedes, kindreds, 4127. Kindes, kinsmen, 1549; 'in kindes wune,' kin-wise, naturally, 1345; 'aftre kindes wune,' after the manner of relatives, 1652; family's, tribe's, 1389, 3824. Kinge-riches, kingdoms', 2789. Kipte, seized, 3164. O.N. kippa. See Allit Poems, B. 1510, and Gloss., s.v. Kyppe. Kire, purity, 451; choice, 1536; custom, 1693, 2451. A.S. cýre, choice; Ger. küren, to choose. Kiste, kissed, 1652, 2355. Knape, man-servant, 477, 482; male, 2585. A.S. cnápa, a man. Knapes, boys, 2573. Knaue, male child, 1151. Kne, degree, 444. A.S. cneo. Knewen, (pl.) knew, 2904. Knigt, knight, 283. Knol, knoll, top, 4129. A.S. cnoll. Knowen, know, 2872; known, 3037. Komen, (pl.) came, 2577. Kude = cuðe, could, 2114, 2366. Ku[n]glond, kingdom, 1262. Kumeling, stranger, 834. O.H.Ger. chomeling. O.E. comeling. Kumen, to come, 399, 984, 1007. Kumen, (p.p.) come, 902, 1556. Kuppe, cup, 2047. Kuð, renowned, 2666. A.S. cúð, known. Kuðe, could, 289. La, lo! 3113. Lage, marriage, 538; 'in lage,' in marriage, 2764. Cf. Goth. liugan, to marry, liuga, wedlock. Lages, Laiges, laws, 2446, 2456. Lagt, seized, 2081, 2621; caught, 3141. A.S. læhte, pret. of læccan, to seize. Laken, to fail, lack, 1231. O.E. lac, lak, fault. Du. lack, want, fault; laecken, to decrease. Laten = leten, to let, 3071. Laðes, barns, 2134. Dan. lade. Lay, law, 1201. Leate, (imp.) leave, 1811. Leateð, (imp.) let, 3726. Leaued, leafy, 3839. Lecher-crafte, lechery, 1064. Lecher-fare, lechery, 776. Lecherlike, lecherously, 770. Lecherie, lechery, 3510. Lechur-hed, lechery, 1997. Led, song, 27. A.S. leoð. Ger. lied. Led, (p.p.) brought, 649; (imp.) lead, 3607. Ledde, (pret.) led, 89, 92. Leddede = ledde, led, 3995. Ledden = ledde, led, 2845. Ledden, (pl.) led, 858, 1990. Leded = ledeð, (imp.) lead, pass, 398. Leden, to lead, 2193; pass, 304; take up, 699; act, 2301, 2304. Leddre, ladder, 1607. Leet, left, 1280. A.S. lǽtan, to leave (pret. lét, p.p. lǽten). Lef, agreeable, pleasant, 340, 2664; dear, precious, 793, 1774, 3431; joyful, 4136. A.S. leóf. Lefful, dear, precious, 155, 2524; faithful, 3447. Legeð, lies, speaks falsely, 1281. Leid, (p.p.) laid, 817, 2426, 2427. Leide, (pret.) laid, 943, 2693. Leiden, (pl.) laid, 1969. Leigen, (pl.) lay, 1920. Leiste, least, 198. Leið, layeth, 3994. Leman, wife, 782. A.S. leof-man. Len, reward, 2838. Lene, lean, 2099, 2101, 2106. Lene, grant, 4159. Lened, leaned, 1610. Lenen, lend, grant, 3170. A.S. lǽnan. Leng, Lengere, longer, 1594, 1736. Lentil, 1488. Lep, leapt, 2726. Lepre, leprosy, 3690. Lered, learned, 4. Lerede, taught, instructed, 791, 2300, 2963; learnt, 1383. Lereden, (pl.) learned, 3137. Leren, to learn, 354. A.S. lǽran, to teach, inform. Lereð, (imp.) learn, 3486. Les, less, 3595. Les, delivered, loosed, 2874. Les, falsely, 3498. A.S. leas, false. Lese, lie, 3514. Lesen, loosed, 3152; deliver, 2897. Lesing, lies, 2578. Lesse, less, 994. Leste, least, 189. Lested, Lestede, lasted, 600, 2952, 4147. Lested = lesteð, lasteth, 111. Lested = lesteð, (imp.) listen or perform, 2510. Lesteful, everlasting, 304. Lesten, (inf.) to last, 12; (pl.) last, 4119. Lesten, to perform, 2906. Ger. leisten. "And thei ben false and traiterous and lasten not that thei bihoten."—(Mandeville.) Let, 'let ben' = let be, 1809. Let, pretended, 2168. A.S. lǽtan, to pretend (pret. lét, p.p. lǽten). Let, left, 725, 809. Let, (p.p.) led, 476. Lete, (sub.) permit, 2796. Leten, (inf.) to let, permit, 3056; lose, 767. Leten, (inf.) forsake, 4142. Leten, (pl.) left, forsook, 542; allowed, permitted, 629, 2610. Letten, to leave, 2612. Letting, hindrance, 1076, 3204. Lettre, letter, 993, 2527. Leð, diminution, 3348. Leunes, lions, 191. Leue, dear, precious, 90, 2421, 2868; dearly, 49. A.S. leóf. Leue, grant, 2532. Leue, leave, permission, 784, 805. Leuede, believed, 935. Leuedi, lady, 968, 980, 2616. Leueles, without leave, 1848. Leuelike, kindly, 2275; gladly, joyfully, 3434. Leuene, lightning, 3265. Leuenes, lightning's, 3046. Norse ljón, ljún. Leuerd = louerd, lord, 33. Leues, leaves, 352. Lewse, pasture, 1576. A.S. lǽsu (acc. lǽswe), lǽswian, to pasture. Ley, lay, 4113. Lich, Liche, body, corpse, 2441, 2488, 4140. A.S. líc. Liches, bodies, 2447, 3206. Licham, Lichame, body, 200, 350. A.S. líchama, the (living) body. Lichles, corpseless, 3164. Liderlike, Liðerlike, treacherously, 3562; wickedly, deceitfully, 1563. See Liðer. Lif, life, 176, 267, 504; 'in lif,' alive, 1364. Ligber, Lucifer, 271. A.S. lig-bǽr, flame-bearing. Ligið, lies, 889. Ligt, light, 44, 53, 57. Ligt, descended, come upon, 2787. Ligt, soon, 2252. Ligten, to descend, 1983. Ligtlike, lightly, 1218. Ligtnesse, insight, knowledge, 1559. Lik, like, 223. Likede, pleased, 2299, 4029. Likeles, dissimilar, 1726. Likenes, Likenesse, Liknesse, likeness, 202, 678, 682, 684, 688, 2641. Likenesses, 2701. Liket = like it, 205. Lim, lime, 2552. Limed, cemented, 562. Limes, limbs, members, 348, 352. Lin, lie, 942, 3851. Lire, loss, 2920. A.S. lyre. List = lust, desire, want, 978, 1230. Listen, to listen, 1220. Listeðe, 2814. Read 'liste ðe' = listen to thee. Listnede, Listenede, listened, 1597, 2137, 2222, 3403, 3538. Lit, stain, 1968. O.N lita, to stain. Lið, lieth, 735, 812, 1916, 3892. Lið, limb, 1804. A.S. lið. Liðer, bad, vile, 369. A.S. lýðer. Liue, life, 265, 629, 3806. Liue-dai, life, 652; liue-dages, life-days, life-time, 4119. Liuede, lived, 777, 908. Liuen, (inf.) to live, 308, 573, 2044. Liuen, (pl.) live, 2496. Liues, life's, 201, 496. Liues, alive, 1477, 3042; living, 3802; 'of liues,' alive, 2834. Liueð, liveth, 503. Liwe, life, 3884. Liwen, live, 4097. Loac = loc, gift, 1798. A.S. lác, gelác. Loar, loss, 177, 181. A.S. lor. Loc, look, behold, 3331. Lockende, looking, seeing, 2822. Lodelike, loathly, 3030. Loder-man, leader, 3723, 4110. A.S. lád-man; O.E. lodesman, from A.S. lád, ládu, a way. Cf. Eng. loadstar. Logede men, laymen, 2. Loke, (imp.) look, take heed, 3511. Loked, kept, guarded, 193. Loked, awarded, decided, 3810. Loken, to look, 2600; look to, take care of, 2771, 3193. A.S. lócian. Loken, to keep from, abstain from, 215. Lond, Londe, land, 103, 208, 1843. Londes, lands, countries, 3700. Londes-speche, (native) language, 18. Lond-speches, languages, 669. Lond-weige, land-way, path, 2681. Lore, learning, wisdom, 3635. A.S. lár. Lordehed, lordship, 196. Lote, cheer, face, 1162, 2328. S.Sax. lote, late. O.N. læti. A.S. wlíte. Loten, features, 2258. Loten, to fail, 3131. Loð, loathsome, 369; displeasing, 1216, 1736. A.S. láð. Loðt = loð, displeasing, 340. Loðlic, loathsome, horrid, 749. Louerd, Louered, lord, 30, 275, 282, 997. A.S. hlaford. Louerdhed, lordship, 190, 832. Louereding, lording, lord, ruler, 833. Louerdes, lord's, 1388. Louerdis, lord's, 2272. Lowe, flame, 643. O.N. log. Lude, loudly, 3585. Luked, locked, closed, 3276. Luken, (p.p.) enclosed, 94, 3779; shut, 362; beset, 2886. Luket = lukeð, encloseth, 98. Luten, to bow down to, 1926. A.S. lútan, to bow down to (pret. sing. leát; pl. luton; p.p. loten). Lutten, (pret. pl.) bowed down to, worshipped, 2163, 3550, 4070. Luue, love, 8, 35, 51. Luue-bonde, power of love, 2692. Luued, Luuede, loved, 770, 1174. Luueden, (pl.) loved, 549, 2152. Luuen, (sb.) love, 635, 1517, 2002, 4081. Luuen, to love, 1, 5, 9, 2042. Luuen, (pl.) love, 49, 3586. Ma = mai, may, 295. Mac, (imp.) make, 3541. Mad, (p.p.) made, 122, 184. Maden, (pl.) made, 1992, 2960, 2974. Magnie = manige, many, 877. Magti, mighty, 584, 3797. Mai, may, 371. Maidenes, maidens, 1145, 1153, 2749. Maidenhed, maidenhead, 1852. Maked, makeð, maketh, 1591. Maked, made, 2470, 2515. Maken, to make, 278, 1269, 1312, 2018. Male, 'helles male,' hell's mail, 22. Malt, melted, 1017, 3337. Man = manie, many, 1488. Man, one, 1, 3, 1130. Mani, Manie, many, 696, 836, 1362, 2392. Manige, many, 413, 428, 437. Manige-fold, many fold, 2502. Manigon, many one, 630. Mankin, mankind, 240. Manliched, manhood, 23. Manne, man, 366. Mannes, man's, 141, 327, 501, 753. Manslagt, manslaughter, 485. Mat, foolish, doted, 1589. Du. mat, exhausted, overcome; Ger. matt, feeble, faint. Mattilike, faintly, 1493. Mayden-childre, girls, 2574. Mede, reward, meed, 1419. Medes, rewards, 3940. Meidenes, maidens, 1139. Meister, (adj.) master, chief, 664, 3412, 3881, 3886; (sb.) master, 2729, 3422. Meistres, chiefs, 3756, 4072. Mel, meal, food, 1020, 1246, 1484, 1509. Melten, to melt, 99, 3579. Men, one, 750, 1127, 1293. Mene, company, fellowship, 501. A.S. ge-mána, a company, marriage. "Forr drihhtin haffde þanne sett Amang Iudissken þeode, Þatt nan ne shollde filedd ben Þurrh hæþenn macchess mæne." —(Orm. i. 65.) Mengde, mixed, 3581. Mengen, to mix, 468. A.S. mengian. Mengt, mixed, 1592. Mengten, (pl.) mixed, 544. Mentel, mantle, 2026. Merci, mercy, 1241, 3602. Merk, Merke, character, mark, 457; sign, 1003. Merke, boundary, 440, 3455; memorial, stone, 1887, 3490. Messe-song, mass-song, 2466. Mester, arts, devices, craft, 532, 536; duty, office, 3826. Lat. ministerium; Span. menestre. Met, (sb.) measure, 439, 3333. Mete, meat, food, 573, 1487, 1492, 1498. Meten, devised, formed, 2701. Cf. metedd, painted (Orm. i. 34, 36). A.S. metan, to measure, paint. Meten, meat, 363, 2255, 3657. Meten, to meet, 2828. Mette, (pret.) met, 888. Metten, (pl.) met, 1790. Með, Meðe, mercy, pity, 195, 1044, 2498, 3011, 3601, 4076. A.S. mæð, measure, moderation; mæðian, to use gently. Meðede, pitied, compassionated, 1242. Meðelike, mildly, kindly, 1758. Meðen, to have mercy upon, to spare, 1046. See Með. Michel, Michil, great, 1209, 1366, 1671. A.S. mycel. Mide, with, 2478, 2963. Middel, Middil, middle, 98, 288. Middel-erd, middle-earth, earth, 106. Middel-hed, (sb.) middle, 522. Middes-werld, the earth, 42. Midel, middle, 3159. Midelerdes, middle-earth's, 521. Midlest, middle, 427, 710. Migt, 54, 56, 584. Migte, mighty, 3038. Migten, (pl.) might, 573, 876, 1147. Migtful, (adj.) mighty, powerful, 100, 2902, 2916, 3464, 4008, 4025, 4026; (sb.) mighty ones, 3755. Migti, mighty, 546, 983. Mikel, Mikil, great, 26, 389, 486, 1252. See Michel. Milce, mercy, 3728. A.S. milts. Milche, milk, 2788. Milche = Milce, mercy, 3732; merciful, 2903, 3603. Milde, kind, merciful, 128; meek, gentle, 1306, 1441. Mildelike, meekly, 1321, 1371, 1423; gently, 2778. Min, mine, 1566, 1567. Mind, quantity, 3676. Mirc, dark, mirk, 286. O.N. myrkr, dark; myrka, to darken. Miri, Mirie, merry, pleasant, 212, 294; cheerful, 2258. Miries, an error for mirie, pleasant, 1038. Mirknesse, darkness, 3104. Mis, (sb.) wrong, 206. Mis-ches = mischose, sinned, 190. Misdede, misdid, sinned, 1847, 1890. Misdedes, misdeeds, 3637. Misdon, misdone, 1680, 2642, 3054. Miserlike, indistinctly, 2658. A.S. misse-líc, dissimilar, various. Misfaren, to misbehave, 1911. Misleuede, disbelieved, 3906. Misliked, Mislikede, displeased, 1728, 4011. Misnumen, (p.p.) sinned, 3091. See Nimen. Missen, to miss, lose, 3336. O.N. missa. Du. missen. Mistagte, misdirected, misled, 475. Miste, missed, 3872, 3874. Miswiuen, to miswive, marry unlawfully, 540. Miðe, cease, remain quiet, 3807. Du. mijden, to avoid, shun. Mo, Moo, more, 354, 414, 428. Moal = mal, speech, 81. Du. maal. O.N. mâl. "For Iesus o Grickisshe mal Onn Ennglissch iss, Hælennde." —(Orm. i. 147.) Mod, Modd, Mode, mood, mind, 36, 128, 333, 717, 3577. A.S. mód. Moder, mother, 122, 1421. Moderes, mother's, 1434. Modi, moody, angry, 2660, 2712. A.S. módig. Modilike, cruelly, 2584. Mog, male relative, 1761. A.S. mæg, (m.) a relation, kinsman; mæge, (f.) a kinswoman. Mogen, may, can, 3227. Moned = moneð, month, 593, 597, 615. Mone, moon, 132, 139, 141. Monen, to moan, bewail, 180. Mones, moon's, 144, 145. Moneð, month, 145, 152, 619; months, 2592. Moo, more, 428. Mor, more, 511, 993. Morgen, morrow, morning, 247, 1161. A.S. morgen. Morgen-giwe = morgen-giue, nuptial gift, 1428. A.S. morgen-gifu. Morge-quile, Morgen-quile, morning while, a short space of time, 3275, 3443, 3461. Morgen-tid, morning time, 59. Morwen, morrow, morning, 2305, 3162. Moste, most, greatest, 189, 198. Mot, Mote, may, might, 1304, 1621, 3488; should, 2645. Moðed = moded, minded, 1584. Mouies, aunt's, 1651. Cp. Du. moei, aunt. See Mog. Mount, 2853. Mugen, (inf.) to be able, 1818, 2090, (pl.) 3017. A.S. mágan. Mune, (imp.) bear in mind, 45. Mune, Munen, to bear in mind, remember, 197, 972, 1622, 2422; commemorate, 687, 3138. A.S. ge-munan, to remember, call to mind. Munen, (pl.) bear in mind, 558, 1350. Munendai, Monday, 72. Muneð, remembers, 2409. Muniging, Muning, commemoration, memorial, 678, 1623, 3344, 3394. Munt, mount, 1744, 2773. Muntes, mount's, 3487. Murnen, to mourn, 2053. Murning, mourning, 2908, 3205. Musike, music, 460. Muste, (pret. of mot) might, 2624. Muð, mouth, 2655, 3971. Muðes, mouths, 2216. Muwen, may, 3316. See Mugen. Nagt, night, 1678, 3142, 3832. Naild, nailed, 564. Nam, took, 85, 200, 1218; seized, 482, 673; conceived, 1177; came, 698, 1402; came upon, 1490; went, took the way, 744, 745, 1247, 1436. See Nimen. Name[n], name, 3497. Narwere, narrower, 3965. Ne, not, 554, et passim. Ne-gate, no-gate, no-wise, 3224. Nede, necessity, 2161, 2165, 3165. Neddre, adder, serpent, 323, 369, 374. Neddres, adders, serpents, 2930. Nedful, needy, 2130. Neet, neat, cattle, beeves, 2097. See Net. Neg, nigh, 833, 1234, 3320. Negt = neg it, nigh it, 3964. Neiðere, Neiðer, neither, 394, 1276. Nemeld = nemned, assigned, 3533. Nemnen, name, call, 82; number, 4085. A.S. nemnan, to name, call upon. Ner, near, 478, 1395. Nest, nearest, next, 3791, 3921. Nestes, neighbour's, 3515. A.S. nesta, a neighbour. Net, Neet, neat, cattle, 940, 2097. A.S. nýten, níten, cattle, beast. O.N. naut, an ox. Netes, neat's, 3712. Ne-ðe-les, nevertheless, 3853. Neðer, downwards, 370. Neðer-ten, to descend, 3567. See Ten. Neue, Neve, nephew, 724, 799, 1761. A.S. nefa; Fr. neveu; O.Fr. neve. Neuere, never, 230, 1240. Newe, new, 694, 1286. Newes, anew, 250. Newelike, recently, 293. Nifte, niece, 1386. A.S. nift. Nigt, night, 43, 76, 79. Nigtes, nights, 590. Nigenti, Nigneti, ninety, 990, 1027. Nile, will not, 1806. Nim, take, 1720. Nimen, to take, 1042, 1739, 2362. A.S. niman (pret. nám, p.p. numen). Nið, envy, 373, 1915. A.S. nið, malice; Ger. neid; O.N. nída, to abuse, disgrace. Nídíngr, a niggard, coward. Niðede, envied, 1521. Niðful, envious, 369, 1917. Niðing, niggardliness, 3432. Nogt, not, 330. Nogwer, nowhere, 1271. Nolden, (pl.) would not, 3029. Nome, (sb.) hostage, pledge, 2268. See Nimen. Nome, should take, 3341. Nomen, (pl.) took, accepted, 1016, 1965; (p.p.) come, 3039. Non, no, none, 223, 275. Noten, use, enjoy, eat, 3144. A.S. notian, use, enjoy. Nov, now, 749. Nu, now, 356, 379. Nuge, now, at once, 1328. Numen, (p.p.) taken, 343, 366, 400, 409, 1316; smitten, seized, 2107, 2826; kept, 2268; passed, gone, 579, 594, 1142, 2485, 2753, 2769; practised, 1382. Nunmor, no more, 788, 1118, 1420. Nutes, nuts, 3840. Nyð, envy, 273. See Nið. O, of, 111, 353, 674, 1196, 2330, 2556, 3577. O = on, in, 81. Oc, but = O.E. ac, 187, 213, 488, 852, 861. A.S. ac. Oc, also, 54, 465. A.S. eác. Oc = og, ought, 197. Of, in, 1355, 1901; from, 2390. Of-dred, afraid, 3955. Offerd, afraid, 2844. Offiz, office, 2071. Offrande, Offrende, Ofrende, (sb.) offering, 1298, 1309, 1312, 1314, 3631; (adj.) 1503. Offreden, (pl.) offered, 3619. Offrendes, Ofrendes, offerings, 1627, 3551. Offrigt, Ofrigt, afraid, 2050, 2225, 3652, 3692. Of-slagen, slain, 4077. Og, (pres.) owe, 2187; ought, 1. Ogen, (pres. pl.) ought, 15; would, 2054. Ogen, (adj.) own, 884. Oget, ought, should, 324. Ogt, aught, 1793. Ok, also, 944. See Oc. Olde, old (ones), 3852. Olie, oil, 1548, 2458. Olige, oil, 1624. Olike, alike, 2024. Oliues, olive's, 608. On, after, 1751. On, an error for of = from, 649. On, in, 4, 14, 38, 151, 161, 162, 164. On, one, 56, 185, 454, 665; 'on and on,' singly, 1639, 2323. On-dreg, (imp.) endure patiently, 3319. See Dreg. One, alone, 134, 308, 974, 2015. Ones, once, 3288; of one, 1720, 1725, 1730. On-felde, afield, 1437. On-kumen, invaded, 841. A.S. on-cuman, to enter in. On-liue, in life, alive, 2417, 3105, 3595. On-morgen, On-morwen, a morrow, in the morning, 1093, 1161, 1417, 1680, 2305, 3162. On-nigt, Onigt, by night, 869, 1781, 2049, 2123, 3293. Onon, anon, at once, 1067, 1145. On-ros, arose, 1936. A.S. on-rísan, to rise up. On-rum, aside, apart, 4000, 4021. A.S. rúm, room, space, place. On-sagen = unsagen = unsaw, reproach, 2045. On-seken, (pl.) attack, 851. On-sel, On-sele, in time, betimes, timely, 1537, 2051. See Sel, Sele. On-sunder, separate, apart, 148, 3909. On-ðrist, athirst, 1229. Oo, ever, 111. Ooc, oak, 1873. Opelike, openly, publicly, 2583. Opnede, opened, 3773. Opperes, hoppers, locusts, 3096. A.S. hoppere, a hopper. Cf. Eng. grasshoppers. Or, ere, before, previously, 48, 490, 645, 649, 658, 905, etc.; 'or ðan,' ere that, 2435; first, 88, 490, 658, 905, 2929. Or, than, 1510, 2928. Orest, first, 2061. Orf, cattle, 795, 883, 1642. See Erf, Erue. Orgel, presumptuous, 3767. A.S. orh, orgel. Fr. orgueil. Origt, aright, rightly, 1299, 2226. Ostel, lodging, 1056. See Hostel. O-sunder, asunder, apart, 58, 116. Oten = hoten, called, 1131. Oðer, second, 93, 705. Oðer, or, 1940. Oðere, others, 1187, 2132, 2199, 3613. Oðer sum, 'some other,' 686. Ougt, aught, thing, 121. Ouer-cam, passed over, 1633. Ouer-cumen, (p.p.) overcome, 2108. Ouer-flet, overflowed, 586. See Flet. Ouer-flowged, overflowed, 556. Ouer-gon, passed, 1186, 1903, 3031. Ouer-man, ruler, 3424. Ouer-meten, passed over, elapsed, 1665. Ouer-pharan = over-faren, overfare, pass over, 2487. See Faren. Ouertakeð, overtakes, 2313. Ouer-toc, overtook, 1756. Owen, should, 1944. Owen, own, 120, 348, 1838. Owold, Awold, signify, 324; happen, 525. See Awold. Paid, (p.p.) 2215. Pais, peace, 8, 2535. Palme-tren, palm-trees, 3305. Paradis, Paradise, 291, 406. Pert = apert, open, clear, 3292. Pilches, garments of skin, 377. A.S. pylce. Piler, pillar, 3293. Pilt, thrown, put, 2214. O.E. pult. Dan. putte, to put into. Pine, (vb.) torment, plague, 179. Pine, (sb.) sorrow, torment, 177, 244, 955, 2530, 2785, 3094. Plage, play, lust, 537. Plages, plays, amusements, 3575. Plaigen, to play, 2016. Plates (of silver), 2370. Pleide, played, 1214. Plenteð = plenté, plenty, 3709. Pligt, (sb.) pledge, 1269; sin, offence, 'to pligt' = for the offence, 3611. A.S. pliht. Pligt, (vb.) pledge, 1776; (p.p.) pledged, 1275, 2677. Podes, toads, 2977. O.N. padda, a toad. Polheuedes, tadpoles, 2977. Does it signify spade-headed, from O.N. pál, a spade, as in pole-axe? Pore, an error for gore = gure, your, 2190. Preige, prey, 4028. Prenes, brooches, 1872. A.S. preon, a clasp, bodkin. O.N. priona, to sew. Present, (sb.) 1831, 2273. Prest, priest, 3886, 3922. Prikeð, pricks, spurs, 3964. Pris, honour, 292, 326; value, worth, 2247, 2700; riches, 2690. Prisun, prison, 2040, 2046, 2070. Prisuner, gaoler, 2042. Prisunes, prisoners, 2044. Prud, proud, 858, 1414; pride, 1966. Quad = quead, bad, evil, 536. Quad = quoth, said, 755, 929, 1041, 1045. Quake = wake, watch, 1054. The rhyme requires quate = wait. Quamede, pleased, 1019. See Quemede. Quam, whom, 1768. Quan, Quane, Quanne, when, 16, 92, 418, 576, 708, 721, 930. Quan, since, 1817. Quar, where, 1311. Quase, whose, 2870. Quat, what, 171, 324, 357, 634; which, 4160. Quat, quoth, 1313, 1775. Quatso, whatso, 1324. Quað, (pret.) quoth, 1311, 1371; in line 3988 read 'queð' (imp.), speak. Quead, wretch, wicked one, 295, 4063. Du. kwaad, bad. Quede, promise, 1463. A.S. cwede, a saying; cwiddian, to speak. Quemed, beloved (ones), 86. A.S. cweman, to please, satisfy. Quemede, satisfied, 978, 1380. Quemest, most pleasing, 3764. Quemeð, easeth, lightens, 408. Quer, where, 762. Quer-of, whereof, 366. Queðe = quede, word, 4011. See Quede. Queðen, to speak, 3525, 4002; to promise, 2788; to enquire, 1792. A.S. cwéðan (pret. cwǽð, p.p. ge-cweden). Queðen, (p.p.) called, 1496; promised, 3944. Queðen, whence, 1401. O.N. hvaðan. Queðer, whether, 3272; which (of the two), 1471. Queðer-so, whether, 340, 491. Quhu, how, 20. Qui, why, 1759, 1760. Qui = quile, awhile, 4000. Quider, whither, 2600. Quil = quilc, which, 3631. Quilc = what, 1572; which, 3764; how, 3212. Quile, while, 2041; 'ðor quile,' while, whilst, 205, 1104, 1106. Quiles; 'ðor quiles,' whilst, 186, 204, 574. Quilke, (pl.) which, 2080; what, 2350. Quilum, whilom, formerly, 801, 1139, 1171, 1464. Quit, white, 2810. Quo, who, 359, 2821, 2822, 2823. Quor, where, 356, 714. Quor-at, where to, 3237. Quor-bi, whereby, 573. Quor-fore, wherefore, 1632. Quor-of, whereof, 1314. Quor-on, whereon, 1310. Quor-so, where-so, 943, 3107. Quo-so, whoso, 924. Quoðen, (pl.) spake, 2993, 3267. Quow, how, 1560. Quuad = biquad, ordained, 64. Quuad, quoth, 1021. Quuam, which, 696. Quuan, Quuanne, when, 190, 206, 991, 2311. Quuat, what, 1310. Quuat-so-euere, whatsoever, 270. Quuen, queen, 296. Quuo, who, 1003. Quuor, where, 2428, 2430, 2431. Quuow, how, 2732. Qwel = quelc = quilc, which, 170. Rad, hasty, 617, 2730; expeditious, 2481; eager, 3617; readily, quickly, 998, 1783. A.S. rád, ready, quick. Raken, to scatter, 2132. Sw. raka. Raken, to gather, 3324. A.S. rǽcan, to reach. Du. ráken, to handle. Ranc = wrang (?) = was wrung (with pity), 1658. Ranc, strong, 2105, 2108. A.S. ranc. Ransaken, to search, 2323. O.N. ransaka. Ransakes, searchest, 1773. Rapede, hastened, 1221. Du. rap, nimble. O.N. rapa, to hasten. Rapen, to hasten, 2376. Rapeð, (imp.) hasten, 2349. Raðe, quickly, soon, 1784, 2313, 3664. A.S. hraðe. Read, Red, Reed, counsel, advice, 401, 659, 1222, 1737, 2547, 3808, 4064; instruction, 1515, 2830; device, plan, 309, 3663, 4059; remedy, help, 2996. A.S. rǽd, counsel, advice, opinion. Reade se, Red Sea, 2670. Rechede, interpreted, 2124. Rechen, to interpret, 2086, 2122. A.S. recan, to explain, interpret. Reclefat, censer, 3782. Redde, advised, 3436. Redden, (pl.) consulted, 1145; advised, 2861. See Read. Rede, read, 34. Rede, Reed, red, 637, 640, 1256, Rede, advise, 3118. Reden, to counsel, 1534. A.S. rǽdan, to counsel (pret. réd, p.p. rǽden). Redes, advisest, 2934. Redi, readily, 998; ready, 1066. Redles, foolish, wicked, 3574. A.S. rǽdleas, rash. Ref, rough, 3726. A.S. hreof, rough, scabby. Reflac, robbery, 436, 3512. A.S. reáflác, spoil, rapine. Rein, rain, 3265, 3326. Rein-bowe, rainbow, 637. Reke-fille, April, 148, 3136. Rekelefat, Reklefat, censer, 3761, 3800. A.S. récels, incense; récelsfæt, a censer. Reken, ready, 3485. Reklefates, censers, 3787. Rem, cry, outcry, 1962, 2613, 3858. A.S. hream. Ren, course, 1. A.S. ryne, rene. Ren, swift, 3218. A.S. ryne, course, race. Reste, Resten, (sb.) rest, 11, 249, 252, 400. Restede, (pret.) rested, 257. Resten, to rest, 1369. Reu, Rew, grieved, 1166; sorrowed, 1828. A.S. hreówan, to rue, grieve (pret. hreáw). Reuen, spoil, 2802. A.S. reáfian, to rob, spoil. Reuli, sorrowful, mournful, 1162. A.S. hreówlíc. Rew, bitter, 3151. A.S. hreów, raw, fierce. Rewde, Rewðe, sorrow, grief, 2339; pity, 2608. Reweli, Rewli, = piteous, sorrowful, 1968, 2328. See Reuli. Rewlike, sorrowfully, 3106. A.S. hreówlíce, mournfully. Reyn, rain, 582. Riche-like, richly, 2442. Richere, richer, 1280, 3937. Ride, road, way, course, 3950. Rif, widely known, renowned, 232; wide-spread, 1252. A.S. ryf, rife, prevalent. Rigesses, rushes, 2595. A.S. risce, rixe, a rush. Rigt, right, justice, 52, 451; rights, 3714; rightly, 885, 1565; mode, wise, 1270. Rigted, set right, 3427. Rigten, to righten, set right, decide, 3421, 3423, 3426. A.S. rihtan, to righten, correct, govern, rule. Rigt-wise, righteous, 418, 516, 1043. Rigt-wised, Rigt-wished, righteousness, 936, 3740. Rimes, rhyme's, 1. Rim-frost, rime, hoar frost, 3328. A.S. rím-forst. Ringes, rings, 1872, 2703. Risen, to rise, 4039. Roche, rock, 256, 1138. Rode, cross, 386, 388. A.S. ród. Roke, reek, smoke, 1163. A.S. reác, réc. Ros, rose, 261, 1055. Rospen, to rasp, diminish, 2132. Du. raspen, to grate. Rotede, became rotten, 3342. Ru, rough, 1539, 1544. A.S. rúh. Run, discourse, conversation, 991. A.S. rún. Sac-les, without strife, willingly, 916. A.S. sacu, strife; sac-leas, without contention. Sacrede, sacrificed, 612, 626, 938. Sad, separated, divided, 58, 116, 266, 1784; set apart, 208; scattered, 672. See Shad. Safgte, an error for sagte, cure, heal (?), 470. Saft, a pole, 3899. A.S. sceaft, sceft, a shaft, pole. Safte, making, work, 3628; creatures, 127. A.S. sceaft, a creature, created, made, formed, from scapan, to form. Safte, of form, 349. Sag, saw, 26, 127; looked, 3901. Sage, words, sayings, 4153. A.S. sagu, a saying, speech, saw. Sagen, saying, 14. See soðe-sagen. A.S. sægen, a saying. Sagt, an error for sag, 1301. It may = sag + it = saw it. Sake[n], sake, 1392, 3731. Sal, shall, 12, et passim. Sal = salt, shalt, 1815. Salt, shalt, 1042, 1043. Salte, salt, 3280. Saltes, of salt, 1131. Saltu, shalt thou, 1041, 1813. Same, shame, 234, 302, 349, 351. Sameden, (pl.) assembled, gathered, 434. A.S. samnian, to assemble, collect. Samen, together, 40, 398, 412. Samening, assembling, matching, 458; intercourse, 1442. A.S. samnung, a congregation. San, infamy, shame, 373. A.S. scǽnan, to destroy; scand, disgrace. Sanc, sank, 1108. Sarp, sharp, 2989, 3577. Sat, set, 945. Sat, treasure, money, 795, 881, 3169. A.S. sceat, treasure, gift, money. Scaðe, harm, ruin, 302, 2314. A.S. sceaðan, sceaðian, to hurt; scæðþe, injury, loss. Schad, separated. A.S. scádan, to separate, divide. See Shad, Sad. Sche, she, 235, 2619. Schet, shot, 475. Scheten, to shoot, 474. A.S. sceótan, to shoot (pret. sceat). Schilde, shield, 2525. A.S. scýldan, to shield. Schinen, (pl.) shine, 153. Schir. sheer, sincere, 1835. Schoren, cut. See Abuten-schoren. Scir, bright, 3848. Scité, city, 2415. Sckaðe, harm, destruction, 850. See Scaðe. Sckil = skil, reason, 203. See Skil. Scrið, entreaty, 1419, 2021. Scriðed, urged, 1715. Scroð, urged, solicited, entreated, 1055, 1834, 2023, 2695. A.S. scríðan, to go (pret. scráð). Scroðt, an error for scroð, 339. Se, sea, 1123. Seek, sack, 2309. Seckes, sacks, 2213, 2223. Sed, seed, 121, 1613. Sedes-kin, Seth's kin, 4042. Segen, (pl.) saw, 3222. Segeð, cometh, falleth, 2232. A.S. sígan, to fall. Sei, (imp.) say to, tell, 3445. Seid, (p.p.) said, 2425. Seide, (pret.) said, 277, 323. Seiden, (pl.) said, 903, 1083. Seien, to say, 1139. Seigen, (pl.) say, 917; (inf.) 2494. A.S. secgan, seggan, to say. Seilede, sailed, went, 3389. Seið, says, 1127, 1293, 1295. Seið, (imp.) say, 2350. Sek, sick, 1175. Seken, to seek, 3598. Sekenesse, sickness, 775. Sel, time, season, 417, 928, 1032, 1184, 1224, 1375, 1503, 1545, 2541, 2769, 3159; 'in sel,' quickly, opportunely, 1095; 'al swilk sel,' at such time, 1204; 'on sel,' 'on sele,' in time, timely, 1537. A.S. sǽl, seel, time. Prov. E. seel. Sel, (imp.) sell, 1495. Selcuð, marvellous, 3972. A.S. sel-cúð = seldom known, wonderful, rare. Seldum, seldom, 2181. Seles = selie, good, 1542. See Seli. Self; 'Self his kinde' = his own kin, 1806; even, very, 2610. Seli, blessed, righteous, 266, 1532, 1986, 2782; good, 2412, 4079; fortunate, 1244; propitious, 31; happy, blissful, 64. A.S. sél, good; sǽlig, happy, blessed, prosperous. Seli-red, good advice, help, 2514. Seli-sið, prosperity, 2546. Seli-sped, bliss, happiness, prosperity, 240, 2138. Selkuð, strange, 1286. See Selcuð. Selkuðlike, wondrously, greatly, 1557. Sellic, Selli, rare, wondrous, 466; marvellous, 1026; strange, 3260, 3957. Sellik, Sellic, wonderfully, miraculously, 1315, 1316. A.S. séllíc, síllíc, wonderful. Selðe, Selðhe, bliss, luck, fortune, 1023, 1341, 1404, 2001. A.S. sǽlð, gesǽlð, happiness, felicity. Selðhelike, successfully, 1372. Semelen = to assemble, 3865. Semelike, Semlike, seemly 1007, 1504. Semes, loads, 1368, 2373. A.S. seam. Semet, seemeth, 2169. Semeð, 1365. Read semede, loaded. Sen, to be, 298, 1923, 3843. Ger. sein. Sen, (inf.) to see, 279, 956; to look, 394, 2664; to look after, take care of, 1663, 2628; choose, take, 3723. Sen, (pl.) see, 16, 140. Sen, Sene, visible, manifest, 74, 1173. Sende, (imp.) send, 2820. Senden, to send, 1683. Sendet, sendeth, 1412. Senkede = schenkede, poured out, 322. A.S. scenc, drink; scencan, to pour out, give to drink. Sent, (imp.) send, 2825. Senten, (pl.) sent, 1970, 1973. Senwe, sinew, 1805; sinews, 1804. A.S. sinewe. Sep, sheep, 1334. Serf, (imp.) serve, 1685. Seri, sorry, 408. Seri-mod, sorrowful-minded, 1850. Serue, to serve, 1715. Serue, should serve, 3816. Seruede, served, 1692, 2051. Seruen, (pl.) serve, 4126. Seruen, to serve, 5, 1670, 1694, 3634. Seruen, to deserve, 1686. Seruise, service, 1672, 1714, 3754. Set, made, 562. Sete, seat, 278. Sette, planted, 1278. Setten, (inf.) set, place, 2598. Seð, sees, 181, 196. Seð, sod, seethed, 1487. A.S. seóðan, to boil, seeth (pret. seáð; p.p. soden). Seue, seven, 489, 1825. Seuend, Seuende, seventh, 445, 593, 611. Seuendai = seuend dai, seventh day, 247, 607. Seue nigt, Seuene nigt, se'nnight, a week, 609, 1687, 2952. Seuenti, seventy, 706, 3665. Seweden, (pl.) looked, gazed, 2661. Sex, Sexe, six, 575, 577, 578. Sexte, sixth, 167, 199, 531. Sextene, sixteen, 1907. Sexti, sixty, 663, 1475. Sey, tell, 4114; sey we, let us say, 4162. Seyen, Seyn, say, 1445, 3561. Sge, she, 1444, 1447, 1698. Shad, separated, 148. A.S. sceádan (pret. sceod, p.p. scaden), to separate, divide. Shauen, shaved, 2120. She, 1925. Shent, destroyed, 754. A.S. scendan, to shend, disgrace. Sheren, to reap, 2347. Shetten, (pl. pret.) shut, 1078. Shewed = shewede, (pl. pret.) showed, 1971. Shiftede, changed, 1732. Shilde, Schilde, shield, 2525, 4157. Shire, make clear, 2036. Sib, Sibbe, akin, 228; relatives, 2503. A.S. sib. Sibbe-blod, blood-relatives, 1468. Sid, side. Siden = siðen, since. Sigande, sighing, 1436. Sighe = sigðhe, sight, 518. Sighteles, blind, 1528. Sigt, sight, 1626, 2774. Sigðhe, sight, 335, 360. Sik, sighing, 1239. A.S. sícan, to sigh. Prov. E. sike. Siker, secure, safe, 869, 876, 1269. O.Fris. sikur; Ger. sicher. Sikerlike, certainly, surely, 1500; with confidence, boldly, 2319. Silden, to shield, 214, 1788. Sinfulhed, sinfulness, 180. Sile = sel, time, 2978. See Sel. Singe, sing, 34. Singede, sinned, 4066. Singen, to sing, 27. Singen, to sin, 172, 188. A.S. singian. Sinigeden, (pl.) sinned, 2205. Sinne, sin, 182, 186. Sinnes, sin's, 553. Sinne-wod, sin mad, 1073. Sir, sheer, pure, 518, 3580; clearly, 3045. See Scir. Sired, enlighteneth, 327. A.S. scír, clear; scýrian, to divide. Sitten, to sit, 279. Sið, course, conduct, 274. A.S. sið, path, way. See Seli-sið. Siðe, time, 3093. A.S. sið. Siðe, Siðen, since, 84, 262, 2405; after, 237; afterwards, 509, 609, 1928. A.S. síððan. Siðen = siden, sides, 1295. Siðes, times, 1731, 1825. Skie, cloud, 3294, 3643. Skies, clouds, 3463. Skige, sky, cloud, 3255. Skil, Sckil, reason, discretion, wisdom, 193, 203, 1425; 'wit skil,' reasonably, 52. O.N. skil. Skipperes, locusts, 3087. Skiuden, (pl.) skewed, changed, 1989. Slagen, (p.p.) slain, 509, 591. Sleckede, slaked, satisfied, 1230. A.S. sleacian, to slacken; Sw. sloka, to droop. Slen, to slay, 2837, 3729. A.S. sleán. Slep, slept, 967, 1605, 3466. Slepi, sleepy, 871. Slo, (imp.) slay, 1939, 3505. A.S. sleán; O.E. (Nn.) sla. Slog, Slug, slew, 483, 2668, 2685, 3474, 3913, 4081. Sloge, slew, 3048. Slon, to slay, 1328, 1752. Sloð, slays, 3964. Sluge, would slay, 3976. Slugen, (pl.) slew, 3916. Smaken, to scent, 2443. A.S. smæccan, to savour, taste. Smale, small, 656, 2107; 'wordes smale,' easy words, 18; 'speche smale,' flattery, 4056. Smere, fatness, 1573. A.S. sméru, fat. Smered, anointed, 2455, 2457. Smerles, anointing, 2454. A.S. smérels, ointment. Smeren, to anoint, 2442, 2448. A.S. smérian, to anoint. Smette, smote, 2684. Smit, smiteth, 3970. Smit, (imp.) smite, 3360. Smite, plague, 2990. Smiten, to smite, 3866, 4040. Smiten, (p.p.) smitten, 3867. Smiten, (pl.) smote, 2109. Smið, smith, workman, 466. Smot, smote, 2925, 2943. Snake, serpent, 2805. So, as, 15, 57, 331, 332, et passim. Sod, shod, 3149. Softe, soft, mild, 335, 3061; pleasant, 2057, 2412; lust, pleasure, 3647. Softere, (adv.) softer, 3874. Sogen, saw, 3522; seen, 2785. Sogt, united, at peace, 1934, 2161. A.S. saht. Sogt, (p.p.) sought, 848, 3189; come near, 3130; 'was sogt' = had come, 3707. Sogte, sought, 682, 1533, 1947. Sogten, (pl.) sought, 1081. Solde, sold, 1843; (pl.) 1955. Solstices, 150. Son, shoes, 2781. Son, shone, 3293, 3614. Sond, sand, 2718. Sond, shame, 2714. A.S. sceond. Sonde, messenger, 1414, 2313; message, 3931. A.S. sand. Sonde, dish, 2295. A.S. sand. Sonder-man, Sondere-man, messenger, 1410, 2791, 2871. Sondere-men, messengers, 1792, 1969. Sondes, messengers, 1007, 1014, 2165, 4052. Sondes, messenger's, 1434. Sone, immediately, soon, 329, 343, 979; quickly, 1145, 1221; 'sone so,' as soon as, 1109. Sor, grief, heaviness, 512, 733, 1039, 1048, 1239, 1765, 3650. A.S. sár. Sor, sore, 3027. Sore, sorely, 1166, 3223. Soren = shorn, reaped, 1919. Sorful, sorrowful, 2326. Sorge, sorrow, 68, 302, 362, 512. A.S. sorh. Sorges, sorrow's, 360, 778. Sori, sorrowful, distressed, heavy, 974, 977, 1974; wicked, 1074. Sori-mod, sorrowful-minded, 3520. Sort, lot, 1186. Sort-leui, short-lived, 712. Sorwe, sorrow, 179, 268. Sorwes, sorrow's, 19, 716, 3742. Soth, foolish, 3685, 3688. A.S. sot, a fool. Soð, Soðe, true, 17, 953, 1032, 1605, 2091, 2842, 3972; 'ben soð' = be accomplished, 2505. Soð, Soðe, truth, 74, 2034, 2036, 2928. A.S. sóð, truth, true. Soðe-sagen, sooth-saw, true story, 14. Soule, Sowle, soul, 486, 4136. Soules, Sowles, souls's, 496, 626, 2920. Sowen, saw, 3108. Sowen, to sow, 2347. Sowles, souls, 4156. Spac, spake, 925, 1753, 1758. Specande, speaking, 2821. Speche, speech, language, 665. Speches, speeches, languages, 666, 668. Sped, speed, success, 25; abundance, 122; 'iwel sped,' misfortune, 310; 'in sped,' 'wið sped,' speedily, 935, 1083, 1221. Sped, succeed, 1585. Sped, succeeded, fared, 3314. Speden, to prosper, succeed, 2303. Sperd, fastened, enclosed, shut up, imprisoned, 22, 94, 384, 564, 2093. Speken, to speak, 2016, 2027, 2710, 2827, 2832, 3400. Speren, to shut up, 2194. A.S. sparran; O.N. sperra. See Hampole's P. of C., l. 3835. Spice-like, with spices, 2443, 2515. Spices, 2247. Spices-ware, spicery, 1952, Spien, to spy, 2172. Spies, 2169, 2174. Spile, sport, play, 3462; multitude, 2977. Spiled, scattered, 3183. Spilen, to play, sport, live joyously, 2532. A.S. spilian. Spirit, 203. Spoken, (pl. pret) spake, 2913. Spot, place, 3280. Spotted, spotted ones, 1721. Spred, (p.p.) spread, 650, 831. Spredde, (pret.) 490. Spredden, (pl. pret.) spread, 2567. Springe, spring, 581. Sprong, sprang, 60, 247, 2740. Sprungen, (pl.) sprang, 1804; (p.p.) sprung, 4023. Spureð, spurs, 3970. Sren, an error (?) for fren, to deliver, save, 1103. Srid, (p.p.) clothed, 379. Srid, Sridde, (pret.) clothed, 23, 271, 1539. Sriden, to clothe, 351. A.S. scrýdan (pret. scrydde), to clothe. Srifte, penance, 422, 3692. Sriðen = sriden, to deck, 1878. Srud, clothing, vestments, 176, 271, 795, 857, 2367, 3169. A.S. scrúd. Staf, staff, 3149. Stalðe, theft, 1767. A.S. stálu. Stalwurði, stalworthy, strong, 655, 864, 3714. Starf, died, 481, 658, 4133. A.S. steorfan (pret. stearf; p.p. storfen), to die. Stede, place, 117, 425, 433. Steden, places, 3441. Steden, place, 1114. Steg, ascended, 319, 3527. See Stigen. Stele, steal, 3511. Stelen, to steal, do secretly, hide, 1035; hide from, 2594. A.S. stélan. Stere, rule, 3418; ruler, 3420. A.S. steóran, to rule; steóra, ruler; steóre, rule. Steres, rulers, 3413, 3415. Steres-men, rulers, 3417, 3429. Stering, rule, government, 3410. Sterre, star, 132; star's, 134. A.S. steorra. Sterres, stars, 1921. Steuene, Steuone, voice, 355, 622, 1285. A.S. stefen. Sti, path, 3958. A.S. stíg, a way, path. Stig, (imp.) ascend, go up, 4100. Stigen, (p.p.) ascended, 4130. A.S. stígan, to ascend, go (pret. stáh; p.p. gestígen). Stille, secretly, 2015, 2428, 2718. Stille, (imp.) be still, 3319. Stillen, to quiet, still, 3924. Stinc, stink, 2556, 2975. Stinken, stinking, 1164. Stired, stirred, 3580, 3961. Stirte, started, 2931. Stið, stiff, stubborn, 1591; severe, 3266. A.S. stíð, stýð, firm, stiff. Stiward, steward, 1991, 2255, 2263, 2712. A.S. stiward. Stod, stood, 1019. Stoden, (pl.) stood, 3543. Stodet = stood it, 590. Ston, stone, 1120, 1604. Stonde, (imp.) stand, 3760. Stonden, to stand, 1607, 2639, 3666. Stonden agon, (pl.) opposed, 438. Stondende, standing, 3149. Stondes, standest, 2782. Stondeð, stands, 392. Stong, stung, 3896; pierced, 4083. Stor, great, 842. A.S. stór. Storue, should die, 1958. See Starf. Storuen, (pl. pret.) died, 2975, 2982. Storuen, (p.p.) dead, 3162. Strekede, stretched, fell prostrate, 481. A.S. streccan, to stretch. Strem, stream, 2096. Streng, Strenge, string, 479, 714. A.S. streng. Strenge, strength, 3728. A.S. strengo. Strengðe, Strengðhe, strength, 581, 673; harm, 1075. Strengthen, to make strong, 3410. Strif, strife, 373; toil, 175, 503; grief, agony, 268, 716, 778, 779, 860. Striuing, strife, 804. Strond, strand, 2717. Strong, 1846; unpleasant, 2057. Stronge, (pl.) strong, 3713. Stund, time, 41, 2041, 3277; a stound, short space of time, moment, 2109, 2639. A.S. stund. Stunden, (pl.) wait, abide, 3211; waited, 1987. Stungen, stung, 3901. Sul, Sule, (pl.) shall, 303, 305, 1775. Sulde, should, 172, 175, 194. Sulden, (pl.) should, 958, 1326. Suldes, shouldst, 3984. Sulen, (pl.) shall, 308, 316, 318, 3358. Sum, (sing.) some, 337, 690, 834, 835; 'oðer sum,' 686. Sumdel, somewhat, 380. Sumertid, summertime, 1224. Summe, (pl.) some, 399, 401. Sunder, separate, 991; diverse, 3808; 'sunder bles,' party coloured, 1729. Sundren, to separate, 468. Sundri, separate, apart, 393, 1985, 2354, 2414, 3239; diverse, 1798; several, 2551. Sune, Sunen, son, 46, 403, 1656. Sunedai, Sunenday, Sunday, 71, 261. Sunen, sons, 2175, 2899, 3481. Sunen, to bear a son, 981. Sunen, to shun, 1864. Sunes, sons, 529, 540, 1251. Sunes, son's, 1984; 'on sunes stede,' instead of a son, 723, 2629, 2637. Sungen, (pl.) sang, 3288. Sunken, (p.p.) sunk, 754; (pl.) sank, 3775. Sunne, sun, 132, 139. Sunnes, sun's, 143. Surgerun, Suriuren, Suriurn, sojourn, 64, 2696, 3308. Suð, south, 829. Suðen, south, 1167. Suuen, shoved, driven, 107. Swanc, toiled, laboured, 2014, 2877; travelled, 1657. See Swinken. Swart, black, 286. A.S. sweart. Swem, grievous, afflicting, 391; grieved, 1961. Swep (lit. stroke, force), meaning, 2086, 2112. Swer, (imp.) swear, 3498. Swerd, sword, 1307, 1327. Sweren, (pl.) swear, 1964. Swerdes, of sword, 3721. Swet, Swete, sweet, nice, 210, 382, 1484, 3302. Sweuene, dream, 224, 1753. A.S. swefen. Swide = swiðe, quickly, 2726. Swike, unfaithful, 2845. A.S. swíc. Swike-dom, treachery, deceit, 2883. Swilc, such, 143, 407, 417; such as, 3620. Swinacie, quinsy, 1188. Swine, toil, labour, 268, 363, 2554, 2555. A.S. swinc. Swing = swinc, toil, labour, 566. Swinked, laboured, 4018. Swinken, to labour, 3778. A.S. swincan, to toil (pret. swánc, p.p. swuncen). Swinkes, labour's, 175. Swiðe, very, 334, 1645; quickly, 1009, 1086, 1537. A.S. swíð, swýð, great, strong. Swiulc = swuilc = swilc, such, 632. A.S. swulc. Swog, swoon, 484. Swolgen, (p.p.) swallowed, 1976. A.S. swolgen, p.p. of swelgan, to swallow. Swor, sware, 1338. Sworen, (p.p.) sworn, pledged, 824, 1525. Swotes, of sweat, 364. A.S. swát. Swunken, (p.p.) toiled, travelled, 1656. See Swinc. Tabeles, tables, 3535. Tabernacle, 3174, 3623. Tac, (imp.) take, 1287, 3497. Tagt, (p.p.) taught, directed, 3623, 3746. Tagte, (pret.) taught, showed, 458, 1243, 1954. Tagte, (adj.) assigned, promised, 827. Tagten, (pl.) taught, 1096. Take, touch, 3456. Takel, tackle, furniture, goods, 883. Taken, to take, 1318, 3323. Taken, to assign, give, 1340. Tale, speech, language, 450; tale, story, 321; reckoning, number, 141, 1673, 2891, 4092; heed, account, 548. A.S. tal. Tame, quiet, 1482. Tamehed, quietness, docility, 1485. Taune, (imp.) let him show, 3424. Tauned, Taunede, (pret.) showed, 636, 757, 3444. Taunen, to show, 1022, 1290. Du. toonen. Taunet = taune it, let him show it, 3422. Tawned, Tawnede, showed, 1294, 4118. Tawnen, to show, 2034, 2126. Techen, to teach, 2792. Teding, suckling, 1208. A.S. tiedrian, tyddrian, to propagate, nourish, feed. Teen = ten, to go, 1344. A.S. teón, to pull, go, lead (pret. sing. teah, pret. pl. tugon, p.p. togen). Te, the, 2756. Teg, went, 320, 1135, 3644. See Teen. Teld, tent, 3769. A.S. teld. Teldes, tents, 3442. Telled = telleð, telleth, 17. Tellen, to tell, 651, 2755; to reckon, 87; recount, 497. Tellet, (imp.) tell it, 3526. Telleð, tells, 414. Temple, 1296. Ten, (inf.) proceed, go, 934, 1238, 1953; lead, 1913; draw, 3005. See Teen. Ten, (pl.) go, 856, 3210. Tende, tenth, 597, 704, 3141. Tene, sorrow, grief, affliction, 2992. A.S. teóna, injury, reproach; teonan, to anger, incense. Ter, tar, pitch, 662. A.S. tearo. Teres, tears, 364, 2356. Teres, of tears, 2288, 2342. Terred, tarred, 2596. Teten, teats, breasts, 3480. Tette, teat, pap, breast, 2621. A.S. tite, titte. Tgeld = telt, tent, 2025. See Teld. Tgelt, encamped, pitched tents. A.S. teldian, to pitch a tent. Tgen, ten, 3413, 3418. Tgen, (pl.) = ten, belong, 3824. See Teen. Thaunen, show, declare, 32. See Taunen. Then, ten, 3305. Then = ten, go, 1514. See Ten. Tho = to, two, 731. Tholen, suffer, 508. A.S. þólian, to suffer, bear, endure. Tid, Tide, time, 59, 263, 1507. A.S. tíd. Tidi, in good condition, beautiful, 2105. O.Sw. tidig, beautiful. Cf. Shakespeare's use of tidy = plump, well-conditioned. Tidelike, soon, quickly, 2752. A.S. tídlíce. Tiding, Tidding, tidings, message, 396, 407, 1348, 2907. Tidlike, quickly, 1231, 3353. See Tidelike. Tigel, tile, brick, 461, 662, 2552. A.S. tigel. Tigeles, bricks, 2891. Tigðe, tithe, tenth, 895. A.S. teogeða. Tigðes, tithes, 1628. Til, till, until, 85, 254, 255; to, 879, 945, 1606. O.N. til, to. Tile, gain, 1519. A.S. til, fit, good; tilian, to honour, to get, obtain. Tilen, to earn, 363. A.S. tilian. Tiliere, tiller, 1482. Tillede, (pret.) cultivated, 1278. Timed, (p.p.) prospered, 4024. Timede, (pret.) prospered, 3392. Timen, to occur, happen, befall, 1763, 3820. A.S. getimian, to happen, fall out. Timen, to prosper, 1023, 2361, 4010. Timen, to teem, bring forth, 982. A.S. tíman, to teem. Timeð, prospereth, 4010. Timing, Timinge, fortune, success, 1194, 4016; welfare, 954. Timinge = ?time ge, wait ye, 3762. Timinge, season, opportunity, 31; circumstance, occurrence, 1244, 2644, 3394. Tin, thine, 926. Tines, losest, 3518. O.N. tyna, to lose. Tis, this, 334. To, two, 423, 2653. To-bar, falsely accused, 2146. To-bolen, swollen with pride, 970. Toc, took, 723, 937, 2654; took up, 1690; gave, 1416; considered, 1751. Tockenes, tokens, signs, miracles, 2860. To-dragen, to-draw, to tear in pieces, 191. To-ful in wis, fully, completely, 2521. Tog = toc, gave, 1676. Tog (pret. of ten, to go), went, 607. See Teen. Togen (p.p. of ten, to go), gone, 3647. To-gider, To-gidere, together, 1898, 2352, 3779. Tok, took (notice), 945. Toke, (subj.) gave, 1531. Token, (pl.) took, 2200. Token, sign, miracle, 635, 646, 2803, 2914. Tokenede, betokened, 248. Tokenes, signs, miracles, 2813. Tokeneð, Toknet, betokeneth, 638, 640. Toknes, signs, miracles, 140, 153, 2997. Tok-ning, token, memorial, 1624. Tol, tool, 469; tools, 883. Told, (p.p.) reckoned, 1358, 2912. Tolde, (pret.) told, 1401, 1403. Tolden, (pl.) told, 2221, 3711. Ton, one (first), 1010, 2196, 2704. To-samen, together, 2109, 3145. See Samen. To-teren, tear in pieces, 2089. Toð, tooth, 4148. Toðer, other, 2724; second, 619. Toðere, (pl.) others, 1044, 2340. To-wis, truly, 3992. Treen, trees, 1127, 1278. Tregest, disregardest, 3975. A.S. ge-tregian, to disregard; tregian, to trouble, vex; or = treyest = betrayest. Tren, trees, 3305. Trew, tree, 3301. A.S. treow. Trewe, true, 720. A.S. treówe. Treweiðe, truth, fidelity; 'wið treweiðe,' faithfully, 2304. A.S. treówð, truth, confidence. Trewed, Trewid, believed, 1031, 2385. A.S. treówian, to trust, believe. Trewið, believes, 2037. Trewðe, truth, 2458, 2459; troth, 1524, 1776; fidelity, 1270; pledged word, 2336. A.S. treúð, treówð, truth, troth, pledge. Tribuz, tribes, 3813. Trike, stream, 2947. Trimede, brought forth, 1198. Trimen, to teem, conceive, 1024. A.S. getrymian, to dispose, bring forward; trymian, to provide, prepare. Troken, to fail, 105. A.S. trucan, to fail, diminish. Troweden, (pl.) believed, 1092. A.S. trúwian, to trust. Troweð, 2814. Read Trowe ðe, believe thee. Truke, failure, default, 3508. See Troken. Trume, host, company, 1829. A.S. truma, a troop, band. Tuderande, fruitful, 164. Tudered, begotten, 630. A.S. tyddrian, to propagate, procreate. Tuen, between, 3802. Tun, Tune, town, 713, 1102, 2311, 2570. A.S. tún. Tunde, surrounded, 866. A.S. týnan, to hedge in, enclose. Tunes, towns, 856. Tunge, tongue, speech, 372, 3158. Tunges, tongue's, 2656. Tur, tower, 661. Turles, (lit. doves) quails, 3676. Turn, turning, course, 63, 79. Turtul, turtle (dove), 944. Twelfte = twelfe, twelve, 3829. Twelwe, twelve, 663. Twen, between, 804. Twenti, twenty, 620. Twentiðe, twentieth, 3641. Twie, twice, 808. Twie-wifing, Twin-wifing, bigamy, 450, 485. Twin, two, 4020. Twin-manslagt, double homicide, 485. Twinne, two, 2367, 3248. Twinne-del, twofold, 1510. Twired, perplexing, conflicting. A.S. twy-rǽd, of two opinions, differing. Two, to, 1292. Ða, then, 1901. A.S. þa. Ða = ðat, that, 2190. Ðad = ðat, that, 311. Ðan, Ðane, Ðanne, then, 9, 999, 1003, 2680; than, 144; when, 17, 182, 2072; that time, 'bi ðan,' 'bi ðanne,' 1023, 3706; 'ear ðanne, or ðan,' 38, 2435; 'fro ðan,' 188, 3201; 'til ðan,' 471, 1870; 'to ðan,' 867; 'to ðan,' for that purpose, 2792. Ðanc, (imp.) give thanks to, 1320. Ðarð, need, 3778. Ðat, (dem. adj.) that, 1, 43, 54; what, 2020, 2032. Ðat-offe = ðar-offe, thereof, 2422. Ðauen, permit, allow of, 3139. A.S. þafian, to suffer, permit, allow. Ðe, (rel. pron.) which, who, 2, 269, et passim. Ðe = ðo, then, 1416. Ðe = the, 778, et passim. Ðear, there, 1090. Ðeden, nations, peoples, 2302. Ðeg, prospered, throve, 2012. See Ðen. Ðef = ðeg, property, quality, taste, 3340. Ðef, thief, 1773. Ðefis, thief's, 538. Ðefte, theft, 3512. Ðei, they, 573. Ðelde = gelde, (subj.) requite, 1713. Ðen, thrive, 803, 1550, 2645; prosper, 4007. A.S. þeón, pret. þeáh, þáh, p.p. geþogen, to thrive, flourish, grow, increase. Ðengen = ðenken, to think, 1571. Ðenk, (imp.) think, 3563. Ðhenke, (subj.) think, 2072. Ðenken, Ðhenken, think, 393. Ðer, Ðere, there, 337, 850. Ðer-fore, therefore, 747. Ðer-in, therein, 2068. Ðer-of, thereof, 1659. Ðer-on, thereon, 1778. Ðes, this, 3967. Ðes, Ðese, these, 941, 1643, 2199, 3697. Ðeself, thyself, 934. Ðeðen, thence, 65, 208, 725, 1236. O.N. ðaðan. Ðeuwe, custom, 1382. A.S. þeáw, manner, habit, behaviour. Ðewe, courtesy, respect, 2757. Ðewed, behaved, conducted, 1914. Ðewes, virtues, 4159. Ðgere = gere, haste, 4052. Ðhanc, thanks, 1659. Ðhankede, thanked, 3405. Ðhauen, to tolerate, endure, 275. See Ðauen. Ðheg, Ðehg, throve, 1266, 2779. See Ðeg, Ðen. Ðhenken, think, 393. Ðhenkeð, thinks, 2028. Ðherknesse, darkness, 3102. Ðhikke, thick, 3102. Ðhing, Ðhinge, Ðing, Ðinge, thing, 301; things, 29, 52, 297, 300; affairs, 3378. Ðhinges, things, 280. Ðhog, though, 3978. Ðhogen, throve, increased, 1480, 2567. See Ðen. Ðholede, suffered, 778. See Ðolede. Ðhogt, mind, 2167; anxiety, 2111; thought, 1149; purpose, 1579. Ðhogt, Ðhogte, Ðhugte, Ðhute, Ðuhte, seemed, appeared, 407, 436, 438, 491, 1469, 1765, 1849, 2064, 3260. A.S. þincan (pret. þúhte), to seem. Ðhogte, (pret.) thought, 319. Ðhowtes, thoughts, 3544. Ðhre, thre, 55, 152, 563. Ðhride, Ðhridde, third. Ðhrowing, agony, suffering, 1317. A.S. þrówung, from þrówian, to suffer. Ðhu, thou, 361, 362, 397. Ðhunder, Ðhunerg = ðuner, thunder, 1108, 2900. A.S. þunor. Ðhurg, Ðhurge, through, 588, 2192. Ðhusant, Ðhusent, thousand, 489, 577, 654. Ðider, Ðidir, thither, 1068, 1366, 1402, 1844. Ðicke, thick, thickly, 2988. Ðig = thick, 564. Ðin, Ðine, thy, 397, 1764. Ðing, affairs, 3378. Ðinken, to seem, appear, 234. Ðinkeð, seemeth, 391, 2403. See Ðhogt. Ðis, Ðise, these, 1083, 2125, 2131, 2527. Ðisternesse = cisternesse, pit, 1942. Ðisternesse, darkness, 58. A.S. þýstre, dark, þeosternes, darkness. Ðit = ðis, this, 1233. Ðo, those, 305, 875, 2099. A.S. þá. Ðo, the, 1303, 2110. Ðo, then, 424, 717. A.S. þa. Ðoa, then, 840. Ðog, Ðoge, though, nevertheless, 4, 1794, 1928, 2404, 2908, 3807, 3808. Ðogen, (pl.) throve, flourished, 2542. Ðogt, thought, mind, 1558, 2013; purpose, intention, 1072; anxiety, 1433; 'kinde ðogt,' natural affection, 2254. Ðogt, Ðogte, Ðoht, seemed, 948, 2015, 2298. Ðogte, thought, 333, 1089. Ðohgteful, anxious, 1437. Ðole, forbearance, 3496. Ðolede, suffered, 1180. Ðolen, (inf.) suffer, 3664; (imp.) 3457; (pl.) 3445. A.S. þólian, to suffer, bear, endure. Ðoo = þo, then, 3135. Ðor, Ðore, there, 211, 222, 279, 2270; where, 438, 757, 1520. Ðor-agen, Ðor-gen, opposed thereto, 2797, 3730. Ðor-after, thereafter, 146. Ðor-bi, thereby, 1458, 2106. Ðor-buten, thereabout, 566, 3625. Ðor-fore, therefore, 1215. Ðor-fra, Ðor-fro, therefore, 112, 2880. Ðor-in, Ðor-inne, therein, 42, 746, 1104, 3634. Ðor-mide, therewith, 2656. Ðor-mong, thereamong, 3265. Ðor-of, thereof, 234, 329. Ðor-offen, thereof, 2403. Ðor-on, Ðor-one, Ðor-onne, thereon, 196, 464, 1116, 3398. Ðor-quiles, whilst, 574. Ðore-to, besides, 589. Ðor-til, besides, 2371. Ðor-to, thereto, 3824. Ðor-vnder, thereunder, 3184. Ðor-uppe, thereup, 1609. Ðor-vten, thereout, 3364. Dor-wið, therewith, 379. Ðornes, thorns, 1334. Ðoð = ðoðer, the other, 2702. Ðowgte, thought, 295. Ðral, thrall, slave, 2881. Ðraldom, slavery, bondage, 2322. Ðralles, slave's, 971. Ðralles, slaves, 3720. Ðre, three, 647, 1006. Ðreated, threatened, 4125. Ðret, threat, 2021. Ðrette, (pret.) threatened, 2023, 3729. Ðridde, third, 761, 1301. Ðrist = ðriste, (pret. pl.) thrust, 2110. Ðrist, thirst, 977, 3354. Ðrittiðe, thirtieth, 3311. Ðrosing, chaos, 43. A.S. þrósm, chaos, heap, smoke. Ðrowede, suffered, 1180. See Ðhrowing. Ðu, thou, 363, 1084. Ðugte, seemed, 1099. Ðund = gund, over, above. See Notes. Ðurg, Ðhurg, through, 195, 377, 2192. Ðurg-vt, throughout, 3704. Ðurte, needed, 234. A.S. þearfan, to need, behove (pret. þorfte). Ðusent, Ðhusent, thousand, 527, 3412. Ðusse, thus, 308. Ðwert, obstinate, contrary, 3099. Ðwerted, thwarted, 1324. A.S. þweor, þwer, froward, cross, thwart. Vgging, fear, dread, 950, 2826. O.N. ugga, to terrify. See Hampole's P. of C., ll. 6419, 6683. Uglike, ugly, horrible, 2805. Vn-achteled, untold, 796. A.S. æht, value, estimation. O.E. ahtle, to estimate, endeavour. Vn-bente, unbent, 483. Vnbiwen, unexpectedly, 3777. See Wenen, Wen. Un-bond, unbound, opened, 2223. Vn-buxumhed, disobedience, 345; helplessness, unlithesomeness, rigidity, 346. See Buxum. Unc, us two, 1776. A.S. unc. Vncircumcis, uncircumcised, 2841. Unclene, unclean, 1867. Vndede, undid, opened, 581, 3971; removed, 2955; violated, 3014. Under-don, subdue, 4041. Under-feng, received, 480. Under-fon, receive, 1679. A.S. under-fón, to take (pret. under-feng). Vnder-gon, deceive, 1147; take up, 1160. Under-leiden, supported, 3388. Under-let, under-lay, lay under, 3188. A.S. lútan, to stoop, lie at the bottom (pret. leát). Under-nam, perceived, 1553; questioned, 2728. A.S. under-niman, to comprehend, take. Vnder-numen, taken unawares, surprised, 2135, 3221. Vnder-stod, bore, 1467; accepted, received, 2275, 2393, 3434; understood, 2210. Vn-don, undone, opened, 385, 603; removed, 3902. Vn-don, to explain, 2114. Vndren = undern, the time extending from nine to twelve in the morning, 2269. A.S. undern. Vn-drincled, undrowned, 3280. O.E. drinkle, to drown. "Alle drenkled thorgh folie." —(Robt. of Brunne, p. 241.) [Vn]eðe, uneasy, disturbed, 3924. Vn-ended, everlasting, 3518. Un-eðes, with difficulty, scarcely, 2341. A.S. uneáðe. Unfer, diseased, 2810. See Fer. Un-frame, disadvantage, 1566; sorrow, 3037. A.S. unfreme. Un-framen, be hurtful, 1213. V[n-]frigt, fearless, bold, 3713. Vnghere = ungare, unexpectedly, 3047. A.S. un-gearu, un-prepared, sudden. Vn-hileden, uncovered, 2976. Vn-hillen, disclose, 1912. A.S. unhélan, to unhele, reveal, uncover. Unkinde, unnatural, 449, 1113; foreign, 2302. [Vn-]lage, wrong, 1762. A.S. unlagu, wrong, injustice. Vn-lif, displeasing, 206. Vn-lif, unleavened, 3153. Vn-like, unlike, 1726. Un-mad, unfinished, 671. Vn-miðe, anger, 3973, from O.E. miðe, quiet. A.S. myðgian, to sooth, quiet. Vn-miðe may signify truth, from A.S. míðan, to hide, dissemble. Un-red, sin, 1906. A.S. unrǽd. Vn-reken, slow, unready, 2817. See Reken. Un-rigt, wrong, 1276. Vn-rigt-wis, unrighteous, 2014. Vn-seli, wicked, wretched, 1073, 2315. A.S. unsǽlig. Vn-selðehe, Vn-selðe, misfortune, misery, 2316, 3026. A.S. unsǽlð. Vnsene, unseen, secret, 2878. Vn-skil, wrong, 3506. See Skil. Un-slagen, unslain, 1332. Unspered, undid, spoilt, 25. See Sperd. Vnsteken, disclose, 2828. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Steke. Vn-swac, displeasing, offensive, 1212. Un-timing, misfortune, 1180. Untuderi, barren, 964. See Tudered. Vn-ðewed, foul, 2555. See Ðeuwe. Unwarde, Un-warnede, unwarned, unawares, 480, 2682. Vn-welde, unwieldy, 347. See Welden. Vnweder, storm, 3058. A.S. unweder. Vp, upon, 2320. Up-dragen, carried off, 1858. Up-gon, (pl.) ascend, 1608. Up-rekeð, up-reeks, 3465. Up-rigt, upright, 3248. Up-sprungen, up-sprung, grown up, 3050. Up-stod, up-stood, 3247. Up-wakeð, rouses up, awakes, 3466. Up-wond, up-winded, up-went, 3084. Vr, Ur, Vre, Ure, our, of us, 2172, 2261, 2262. Ut, Vte, out, 13, 227, 362, 607, 3703. Ut-comen, (pl.) out-came, 2097. Vt-dragen, out-drawn, opened, 2856. Ut-drog, out-drew, 1327. Vten, foreign, strange, 1741; out of, 956, 2406, 2410; without, 653, 2739, 3744; apart, 3691. Vt-fare, out-go, 2865. Ut-faren, depart, 3056. Vt-gon, depart, out-go, 2966, 3021. Ut-gong, out-go, 2800. Ut-lage, outlaw, 431. Vt-pharen = vt-faren, depart, 3017, 3071. Ut-sped, hurried away, 3178. Vt-stal, stole out, 2882. Ut-suuen, out-shoved, aroused, 1610. Ut-ten, go forth, 4004. Ut-ðhurg, throughout, 2688. Vt-wrogte, brought on, caused, 4144. Uuer-slagen, lintel, 3155. A.S. oferslæge. Wac, weak, 1197, 1528. A.S. wác, waac, weak, frail. Waden, to ford, 1799. Waines, wains, waggons, 2362. Waked, aroused, stirred up, 360. A.S. wacan, to awake, take origin. Waked, (pret.) kept a vigil or liche-wake, 2469; (p.p.) 2516. Waken, to keep a vigil or liche-wake, 2449. A.S. wæccan, to watch. Waken, to watch, 2551. Wal, Wale, choice, select, 888, 3635. Ger. wählen, to choose, select. O.N. wal, choice. Wale, prosperity, 809, 1355. A.S. wæla, weal, bliss. Walkeden, 'aren walkeden,' have walked, 3882. Walkeden is evidently an error for walked. Walkene, Walkne, welkin, clouds, 96, 103, 136, 161. A.S. wolcen, a cloud, air, welkin; wealcan, to roll, turn. Walknes, welkin's, 288. Walled, Wallede, enclosed with a wall, 435, 2554. Wan, Wane, when, 642, 4130. Wane, wanting, 1028, 3353. A.S. wana, want, lack. Wanmol, uneloquent, 2817 (from wan = un, and mol, mal, speech). See Moal. Wansum, sorrowful, 1099. A.S. wannan, to be wan, pale. Wante, should be wanting, 2244. Wantede, wanted, failed, 1233, 2155, 2995, 3310. Wapman, man, male, 1001. A.S. wǽpman, a man, from wǽpn, a weapon. Wapmen, men, 536, 2920, 3078, 3080. War, aware, 721, 1308. A.S. wǽr, wary, prepared, ready. Warc = warg, defended, 2876. Ware, merchandise, 1990; property. A.S. warú, ware, merchandise. Waren, to make secure, 1088; to provide for, 2154. A.S. wárian, to beware, to guard, ward off. Waried, cursed, 544. A.S. werigan, to curse. Warnede, warned, 1091. Warnen, to warn, 1581. Warp, (pret. of werpen) threw, 2640, 2804. Wassen, to wash, 1116, 2291, 2442. Waspene = wasteme, form, 1910. A.S. wǽstm, growth, form. Water, lake, 749, 1125. Wateres, water's, 638. Wateres, waters, 592, 2594. Wateres-springe, water-spring, 581. Water-gong, passage of water, 662. Watres, water's, 598, 1246, 1380. Watres, waters, 108, 117. Wattre, Wattren, to water, 1648, 2745. Wattrede, watered, 2751. Wað = quað, spake, 1666. Waxen, grow, increase, 1128, 2548. Waxen, (p.p.) increased, 831; full-grown, 2060. Wech-dede, watch-deed, vigil, 2460. Weches, vigil's, 2467. Wedde, hostage, pledge, 2198. A.S. wed, pledge (dat. wedde). Wedden, to marry, 1090. Wedding, marriage, 1428. Wede, garment, 1972. A.S. wǽd, a garment. Weden, garments, 2369. Weder, weather, storm, 3055, 3059. Wei, Weie, way, 1100, 1228, 1429, 1435. Weige, way, 1614, 2681. A.S. weg. Weiges, ways, 3240, 3244. Weila-wei, alas! 2088. Weis, washed, 2289. Weken = wreken, taken, 3282. Wel, well, 229, 1521, 1541. Welcume, welcome, 1830. Welcumede, welcomed, 1396. Welden, to rule, 2143; take, enjoy, 916; possess, 3738. A.S. wealdan, to rule, direct, possess. Welden, (pl.) rule, 50, 3418. Weldeð, influences, 274. Weledes = welðes, wealth's, 748. Weli, blissfully, prosperously, 2528. A.S. welig, rich, bountiful. Welkede, withered, 2107. A.S. wealwian; Ger. welken, to fade. Welken, (pl.) elapsed, 568. A.S. wealcan, to revolve (pret. weolc). Welle, well, 2756. Welles, wells, 3306. Welle-spring, well-spring, 1243. Welle-springes, well-springs, 3304. Welt, exercises, 54. See Welden. Welte, ruled, 3371. Welten, (pl.) wielded, 532; ruled over, governed, 840. Welðe, Welðhe, wealth, 796, 1268, 1355, 1404, 1550, 2374. Welðes ware, wealth, property, 929. Cf. Spices-ware, etc. Wen, belief, 73; doubt, 3271. A.S. wén, hope, weening. Wen = wenen, believe, 3809. A.S. wénan, to ween, think. Wend, (imp.) turn, 3510. Wende = weened, thought, 477, 1240, 1543, 2209. Wende we, let us turn, 3267. Wended, — agon, turned back, 1904. Wenden, (pl.) weened, thought, believed, 869, 1141, 3258. Wenden, (inf.) turn, 693, 884, 4057, 4061. A.S. wendan, turn, change. Wenden-agen, return, 979, 1159, 3719, 3724. A.S. wendan (pret. wende), to turn, proceed, go. Wene, think, ween, 309, 315, 317, 3572. Wenen, (pl.) think, 3812. A.S. wénan. Went, course, 136. A.S. wend, a turn. Went, (p.p.) changed, 753; gone, 1429, 2201; turned, 2896. Wente, turned, 321, 606, 1120, 3950, 3951; removed, 1649; took away, snatched, 2613; went, 1107. Wente agen, returned, 606, 985, 1048, 1343, 1356; (subj.) should return, 1097. Wente agon, turned back, 1119. Wenten, (pl.) went, 533, 623; turned, changed, 1149, 1967; returned, 2200. Wep, weeping, 2328, 3888. A.S. wóp. Wep, wept, 4149. A.S. wépan, to weep (pret. weóp; p.p. wépen). Wepen, weapon, 3283. A.S. wǽpen. Weph, web, 4096. Werchen, to work, 3220. Werdes = werldes, world's, 32. Were, protector, 2680. See Weren. Were, man, 3977; husband, 1587. A.S. wer. Were, war, 1788. Wereden, saved, protected, 2578. See Weren. Weren, were, 377, 570, 1468. Weren, annoy, 2898. A.S. wérian, to weary. Weren, defend, protect, 851, 1272, 1794, 1817, 2083, 2090, 2564, 3714; spare, 1043. A.S. werian, protect, hinder. Weres, man's, 532. Werger, defender, guardian, 926. A.S. wergan, to defend. Weri, weary, 975, 1493. Werk = wrek, plague, 3902. See Wrake, Wrech. Werken = wreken, to take vengeance, 2799. See Wrake, Wrech. Werken, (pl.) work, 850. Werld, Werlde, world, 38, 42, 60. Werlde, world's, 1318. Werldes, world's, 48, 102, 142, 707, 1594, 2440. Werlðe, world, 901. Werne, deny, 2797. A.S. wyrnan, to deny, forbid. Werned, (p.p.) refused, 3171. Wernede, forbad, 2966, 3000. Werneden, (pl.) denied, refused, 2207. Werp, (imp.) throw, cast, 2803. Werpen, to throw, cast, 3358, 3794. A.S. weorpan, to throw, cast (pret. wearp; p.p. worpen). Werre, worse, 3951. Werren, were, 1089. Westen, west, 3096. Westen, (pl.) wasted, 3915. Weðer, wether, 3998. Wex, increased, grew, 273, 584, 585, 1118, 1266. See Waxen. Wex = wexe, (pl.) grew, 1917. Wexe, should increase, 554. Wexen, (pl.) grew higher, 599; increased, grew, 2104, 2502, 2542. Wexem, for wexen, grew, increased, 1915. Wi, war, 1854, 3220. A.S. wig, wih, war. Wiches, wizards, magicians, 2919, 2927. Wicke, wicked, 1072, 3952. Wid, an error for wið, with, 79, 86, 128, 168, 928. Wid, (adj.) wide, 60, 565; (adv.) 1256. Wid-held, Wið-held, withheld, 914, 3019. Wid-hin, Wid-innen, = wið-in, wið-innen, within, 555, 640, 1352. Wide, widely, 672, 831. Wif, wife, 231, 367. Wifes, wife's, 530. Wifes, Wifwes, wives, 453, 559, 624, 857. Wif-kinnes, woman-kind, 1177. Wifuede, wived, married, 1588. Wigt, brave, 863. Sw. vig. Wigte, war (?), or sharpness (?), 469. Wigte, weight, 439. A.S. wiht. Wikke, wicked, 3574. Wil, (sb.) will, 194. Wil, homeless, astray, 975. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Wyl. Wil, blindness, 1079. Wilde, lascivious, 2013; wild, 169, 178. Wile, while, 371. Wile, (vb.) will, 191, 277, 1318. A.S. willan. Wile, desires, likes, 206, 2020. A.S. willan. Wilen, (pl.) will, 2304, 2531, 3723. Wimman, woman, 374, 375. A.S. wífman, wimman. Wimmanes, woman's, 1426. Wimmen, women, 532, 653, 2570. Win, wine, 2295. Win, strife, 347, 4055; force, 598. A.S. win, contention. Winden, to enshroud, 2448. Windoge, window, 602. Wines, wine's, 894, 1542. Win-grape, bunch of grapes, 3710. Winter, (pl.) years, 567, 919. Win-tre, vine, 2059. A.S. wín-treow. Wintres, winters, years, 1211. Wird, Wirð, troop, host, 1786, 1790, 4140. A.S. werod, host, army. Wirm, Wirme, reptile, 178; serpent, 321, 2925, 3898. A.S. wyrm. Wirmede, bred worms, 3342. Wirmes, reptiles, 2982. Wis, wise, 100, 260, 462, 617. Wisdam, wisdom, 35. Wise, (pl.) wise, 331. Wise, manner, 2961. Wislike, wisely, 45, 1091; with wisdom, 520; properly, 3630. Wisseð, teacheth, showeth, 2. A.S. wissian, to instruct, show. Wiste, knew, 779, 901, 961, 962, 1154, 1310. See Wot. Wisten, (pl.) knew, 768, 2217, 3841. Wisten, wished, 801, 1060. Wistom, wisdom, 462. Wit, we two, 1775. A.S. wit. Wit, wisdom, 460, 900. A.S. wit. Wit, with, 44, 52, 53. Wite, (pl.) learn, know, 390. Wite, (sb.) blame, 2035. A.S. wítan, to blame. Witen, to know, 328, 1302; to learn, 2651, 3928. See Wot. Witen, (pl.) know, 74, 523. Witent = witen, to know, 330. Witnesse, Wittenesse, witness, 507, 1778, 3843. Witter, Wittere, wise, skilful, 168, 456, 1910, 2330, 3624; true, 2903; cognisant, 1308. Witter-hed, wisdom, 3667. Witterlike, surely, truly, indeed, 769, 791, 1322, 2320, 2425. Da. viterlig, known, manifest. Wið, of, 432; in, 1083, 1668, 1915. Wið-dragen, with-drawn, 596, 3983. Wið-drog, with-drew, 599, 3803. Wið-[h]eld, Wið-held, Wið-helð, withheld, 1178, 2033, 3927. Wiðer, hostile, 3386. A.S. wiðerian, to oppose. Wiðer-ward, contrary, hostile, 2935. A.S. wiðer-weard, contrary, rebellious. Wið-stod, opposed, 2649; stood still, tarried, 3646. Wið-ðan, with that, thereupon, 481, 1409. Wið-ðan-ðat, Wið-ðhan-ðat, provided that, 2019, 2335. Wið-uten, Wið-vten, Wið-ðuten, except, 557, 611, 875, 910, 3739; without, 503, 639, 1317, 2454; outside, 1080, 1367. A.S. wið-útan (adv.), wið-útan (prep.), without. Wiue, wife, 2008, 2147. Wiues, wife's, 1219. Wiues, Wiwes, wives, 543, 1858, 2363; wife's, 994, 2037. Wlath, bad, loathsome, 3300. A.S. wlætian, to nauseate, loath; wlath I take to be an error for wlach, A.S. wlæc, warm, slack. Wlite, Wliten, face, 2288, 2289, 2342, 3614, 4055. A.S. wlíte, form, person, countenance. Wo, Woa, woe, sorrow, grief, 216, 237, 353, 880; sorry, 1833. A.S. wá, waa. Woc, Wooc, weak, 1874. See Wac. Woc, awoke, 2111. Wod, mad, foolish, 1073, 2959, 3545. A.S. wód, mad, insane. Wod-hed, Woded, madness, 533, 3539. Wol, very, 1266, 1995. Wold, power, 1958, 2000. A.S. wald, power. Wold, meaning, 2122. It literally signifies power. Wold, hill, 938, 3892. A.S. wald, weald. Wold, ruler, 3412. A.S. walda. Wold, sacrifice, 3116. Wold, Wolde, would, 912, 1418, 1419. Wold, (1) killed, slain, 420; destroyed, 526 (?), or (2) flooded (?). (1) A.S. cwelian, to kill. (2) A.S. weallan, to flow. Wolden, (pl.) would, 3756. Wond, wand, 2715, 2803, 2808. Du. vaand, a switch. Wond, went up, 3782, 4136. A.S. windan, to move or be borne in a winding course, to wind. Wondes, wands, 2923. Wooc, weak, 1874. A.S. wác. Wopen, weapon, 469, 3228, 4062. A.S. wǽpen. Wopened, Wopnede, armed, 1787, 2479, 3373, 3376. Wordes, words, 18. Wore, (subj.) were, 768, 1144, 1148, 1170, 2192. Wore, (2 pers. sing.) 1759, 1814. Woree = woren, were, 2950. Woren, were, 347, 488, 790, 1207, 2380. Worn, were, 61, 147. Wor-of, whereof, 3530. Worpen, cast, 1943, 2923. See Werpen. Wort, word, 73. Worðed, honoured, 262. See Wurðen. Wot, know, 487, 1473; knows, 353. A.S. witan (ic wát, þu wást, he wát; we witon; pret. wiste). Wrake, punishment, destruction, 552. A.S. wræc, punishment. Wrech, Wreche, vengeance, destruction, 552, 632, 634, 641, 1042, 1076, 1142, 3396; plague, 1176. A.S. wracu, vengeance, pain, punishment. Wrecches, wretches, 1074, 1080. A.S. wræcca, an exile, wretch. Wreken, (p.p.) revenged, 2028, 3067, 3281. A.S. wrécan, to avenge. Wreken, (p.p.) taken, 3148. Wrestelede, wrestled, 1803. Wreðe, Wreððe, wrath, 482, 3793, 3863. A.S. wræðo, wrath. Wreðed = wreðeð, is angry, 1584. A.S. wraðian, to be angry. Wrigtful, guilty, 2204. A.S. wróht; Da. rygte, a crime. Wrigteleslike, guiltlessly, 2076. A.S. wróhtlíc, accusing. Wrim, reptile, 169, 187, 299. A.S. wyrm, a worm, reptile, serpent. Wrim-kin, serpents, 3895. Writ, 1974. Wriðel, herbs (?), from Du. wortel, an herb, 3153. The A.S. wríðels, a band, fillet, cover, does not help us to explain this satisfactorily. Is wríðel written for wrixel, change, alternation, course? Wrocte, hurt, 230. A.S. wrécan, to afflict. Wrocte is the pret. of werken = wreken, to hurt. Cf. wirm and wrim, werk and wrek, etc. Wrogt, Wrogte, wrought, did, made, 40, 61, 249; done, 1150; bestowed, 1812. Wrogten, (pl.) wrought, struggled, 1470; did, 529, 547, 4069. Wroken, turned, 3191. A.S. wrécan, to banish, afflict (pret. wrǽc; p.p. wrecen). Wrong, squeezed, 2064. A.S. wringan (pret. wrang; p.p. wrungen), to wring, press. Wrot, wrote, 462, 523, 2524, 2527. Wroutis, wrought them, 156. Wroð, angry, 1215, 1735. A.S. wráð. Wroð = worð, became, 3013. Wude, wood, 476, 1306. A.S. wude, wudu. Wudes, woods, 473. Wukes, weeks, 2473. A.S. wuce, wucu. Wulde, would, 214, 846, 1195, 2430. Wulden, (pl.) would, 1071, 1075, 3324. Wuldet, would it, 969. Wunded, wounded, 853. A.S. wúndian, to wound. Wunden, wrapped up, 2597. A.S. windan. Wunder, sin, mischief, 69, 3588, 3977. S.Sax. wundre, mischief. Wunderlike, wonderfully, 585. Wune, (sb.) custom, 494, 1639, 1681, 1806, 3857; wise, manner, 971, 1345, 1405, 1652; practices, 676; abilities, 1910; privilege, 1501. A.S. wune, practice, custom. Wune, abode, 513, 3370. See Wunen. Wune, wont, 1504, 1530, 2066, 2080. Wune, to dwell, 785. Wune, (pl.) dwell, 1156, 1254. Wune = wunede, dwelt, 1842. Wuned, Wunede, abode, dwelt, 789, 811, 825, 1133, 1167, 1249, 1282. Wuneden, (pl.) dwelt, 3122, 3845. Wunen, to dwell, 306, 367, 404, 406, 1863, 1898. A.S. wunian, to dwell, inhabit. Wunen, (pl.) dwell, 300, 332, 932, 2464. Wunen, custom, fashion, 688; customs, laws, 3137; abilities, 3482. Wunen, accustomed, 2900, 3289. Wunes, customs, usages, 1480, 2293; practices, 539; privileges, 1495. Wuneð, dwells, 465, 2410. Wuniende, dwelling, 2742. Wurd, word, 736. Wurd = wurð, became, 995, 1197. Wurdes, words, 2818, 3726. Wurlike = wurðlike, worthily, 1456. Wursipe, worship, honour, 2757. A.S. wurðscipe. Wursiped, honoured, 511. Wurt, wort, herb, 119. A.S. wurt. Wurðe, 'wel wurðe,' well worth! 155. Cf. 'woe worth the day,' etc. Wurð, Wurðe, became, 57, 272, 283, 284, 598, 634, 677, 721, 993, 999, 1175, 1462, 1494, 2218, 3196; shall be, 1564, 2057, 2058, 2074; let be, 3483. Wurðe = wurð he, he shall be, 1943. Wurðe = wurðede, honoured, 1826. Wurðede, became, 1528, 2011. Wurðed, Wurðede, honoured, 1010, 1012, 1629, 1845, 1924. Wurðeden, (pl.) honoured, 1922. Wurðeden, (pl.) became, 2946. Wurðelike, honourably, worthily, 1518, 2760. A.S. wyrðlíc, wurðlíc, worthy. Wurðen, (pl.) became, 286, 667, 831, 2050, 2297; (sbj. pl.) 3559, 3721. Wurðen, to be, become, exist, 41, 53, 510, 641, 2411, 2427, 2816, 3928. A.S. weorðan, wurðan, to become, to be, happen (pret. wearð; p.p. geworden). Wurðen, honour, 2463. A.S. wurðian, wyrðian, to honour. Wurðful, honourable, 2678. A.S. wyrð-full, honourable. Wurðfulhed, honour, 3499. Wurði, worthy, 1012, 1501, 3753. Wurðing, Wurðinge, honour, respect, 33, 133, 684, 892, 1550, 1774, 2140, 3787. A.S. wurðung, honour. Ybiried, 2520. Ydeles, idols, 1871. Ydolatrie, 695. Ymong, among, 3419. Ynog, enough, 3670. Ynug, enough, 2156. Y-oten, called, 2416. See Hoten. Yre, iron, 2452. Ys, ice, 99. Yses, ice's, 97. Yuel, wicked, bad, 1074, 1186. Ywel, evil, harm, 788. Ywis, certainly, truly indeed, 159. A.S. gewís.

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