V.

VENOMOUS BITES

—are sometimes sustained by horses and dogs; and become the more perplexing, in consequence of not knowing from whence the injury proceeds. Vipers, slow-worms, efts, horse-stingers, hornets, and wasps, seem to be nearly the whole tribe from which bites (or stings) of this description are received. The effect of either is much the same, as to inflammation, pain, and tension; but that the symptoms are not equally severe, being gradational in their degrees of violence, according to the individual by which the wound is inflicted. Of these the viper is by much the worst; for the vesicle in which the poisonous particles are contained, being seated upon the gum close to the insertion of the tooth, in the very act of biting, the vesicle is broken, and the venomous fluid at the same moment communicated to the wound. This is followed by excruciating pain, increasing inflammation, and various violent symptoms, in either man or beast. By way of immediate relief, bleeding is first premised, to unload the vessels, and take off the increasing stricture from the part: this, followed by an early application of the oil of vipers, is said to be infallible. Repeated experiments have proved the finest olive oil to be equally efficacious. The others, however painful at first, soon submit to repeated bathings with the strongest white wine vinegar, or a weak solution of sugar of lead.

VENERY, BEASTS of

,—are little heard or spoken of, but in the code of FOREST LAWS originally framed for the preservation of vert and venison. Beasts of venery (alias, beasts of forest) are the hart, hare, hind, boar, and wolf.

VERDERER

—is a judicial officer of the King's Forest, elected (under his Majesty's writ) by a majority of votes in a convened county court of the shire in which the forest is; and there sworn before the sheriff, to keep and maintain the assizes and laws of the forest; and also to review, receive, and enrol, all the attachments and presentments of all manner of trespasses of the forest in respect to vert and venison.

The official department of a Verderer bears great similitude to that of a coroner, and in this particular respect; that as a coroner, upon the notice of a sudden or accidental death, (if attended with circumstances to render the inquisition necessary,) is to take a personal view of the body, and to make inquiry, upon the joint oaths of twelve men, how and by what means the person came by his or her death, and who and what was the occasion thereof; so it is the official duty of the Verderer to look after and view the beasts of the forest; for any of those being found hurt, wounded, or slain, upon notice given to the Verderer, he is to take a view of the same, and to cause a jury of twelve men to be summoned from the surrounding district, that an inquisition may be made to discover (if possible) how and by whom the said beast was hurt, wounded, or killed. The office of the Verderer at the Court of Attachments, is to sit there to see, hear and examine the attachments of the forest, both in vert and in venison, and to receive the same of the subordinate officers, or those who may attend to present them there, and then to enter them into their own rolls. See Forest Laws.

VERMIN

—is a term of very extensive signification, including a long list of noxious animals, some of which contribute largely to the sports of the field. The principal vermin of this country consist of the fox, the badger, the martern, the pole-cat, the weasel, the stoat, the rat, and the mouse; of which a description of all the former will be found under their distinct heads.

VERT

—is a term in the Forest Laws, meant to include every plant growing within a forest or its purlieus, bearing a green leaf, and of sufficient magnitude to hide or cover a deer beneath its branches; but it must be understood to signify such plants as are either trees, woods, bushes, or underwood; not descending to inferior shrubs, passing under the denomination of plants, but affording no cover. By vert is therefore implied those trees of growth and size sufficient to be entitled conjunctively to the appellation of covert; as well underwood, as great woods; and overt-vert is all sorts of high trees, as nether-vert includes every kind of underwood.

VERTUMNUS

—was a horse of some racing celebrity; and there is reason to believe he would have been held in equal estimation with his cotemporaries as a stallion, if he had enjoyed the run of fashion in his favour. He was bred by the late Colonel O'Kelly; foaled in 1775; got by Eclipse, dam by Sweeper, out of an old Tartar mare, the dam of Mercury and Volunteer. Vertumnus got many tolerable runners as country plate horses; but his merits as a stallion were never known, till a circumstance occurred at a period of life when it was generally considered too late to bring his powers experimentally into action. Baronet was got by Vertumnus, dam by Snap, out of an own sister to Nabob. He was foaled in 1785; bred by Sir W. Vavasour, and by him sold to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, who brought him forward from obscurity, at six years old, to start at Ascot Heath for the great Oatlands Stakes of 100 guineas each, half forfeit, two miles, forty-one subscribers, for which nineteen started, (forming one of the richest and most striking spectacles ever seen upon the turf,) and was won by Baronet; beating Express, Chanticleer, Escape, Coriander, Toby, Skylark, Precipitate, Minos, Pipator, Euphrosyne, Competitor, Microscope, Crazy, Turnip-Top, Buzzard, Lambinos, and Vermin, who were concluded the best horses in the kingdom. The sums betted were immense, which were sported in the following proportions. Three to one against Vermin; seven to one against Precipitate; eight to one against Buzzard; nine to one against Chanticleer; twenty to one against Baronet; and one hundred to three against Express, who was second. Vermin, who was then the best three year old in the kingdom, and carried only five stone, three pounds, was universally expected to win easy; but the diminutive juvenile who rode him, was so hemmed in, and completely surrounded, by the rest at starting, that those horses keeping their strokes, and going well together, (or what is sportingly termed all in a hustle,) they never afforded him the least chance of extrication.

VETERINARY COLLEGE

.—The Veterinary College is a national establishment for the general improvement of farriery, situate at Camden Town, in the parish of St. Pancras, at the northern extremity of the Metropolis; and derived its origin and institution from the following circumstance. In January, 1789, issued from the press, a Treatise upon Farriery, in an octavo volume, under the title of "The Gentleman's Stable Directory," by the present Writer; the popularity of which occasioned it to pass through seven editions in the first twelve months, which number has since been exactly doubled. In the course of the work, it was repeatedly regretted, that, amidst the infinity of improvements for which the English were so remarkable, the system of farriery should still remain in its original state of barbarism. In a few months after which, advertisements appeared in the different prints, under sanction of the "Odiham Agriculture Society," proposing a public subscription for sending a certain number of lads annually to France to study farriery, (now called the veterinary science.) The Author of the Stable Directory, who was then preparing his second volume for the press, availed himself of the opportunity to congratulate the promoters of so laudable an undertaking; at the same time obliquely observing, he was concerned to see France was to have the reputation of doing that for us, which we could not do for ourselves.

Whether it was from the force of this admonition, or the effect of chance, is not material; the scene within a period of two or three months was totally changed. With a grant from Parliament, aided by public contributions, and private subscriptions, the College was erected, and instituted in February; and their propositions, rules, and regulations, published April the 8th, 1791: the principal purport of which were as follows. The establishment to consist of a President, ten Vice-Presidents, twenty Directors, Treasurer, Professor, and Secretary. The Society and School to be called the Veterinary College, London. The President, Vice-Presidents, ten of the Directors, and the Treasurer, to be chosen every year by ballot. The President, Vice-Presidents, and Directors, to form the Council, in which shall be lodged the whole executive power of the College; subject to the controul of the members (that is, the annual or perpetual subscribers) at large, at four quarterly meetings. The Council to meet the first Tuesday in every month; from which Council a Committee was to be elected, and called the Permanent Committee, who were to meet the remaining Tuesdays in each month: this Committee were to act with the authority of the Council, but subject to its controul.

After various regulations respecting meetings of council, committees, and members, it proceeded to state the annual election of a Medical Experimental Committee, and a Committee of Transaction. The former to meet occasionally, for the purpose of suggesting and trying experiments, with a view to throw additional light on the animal œconomy, and to discover the effects of medicines upon different animals, to be procured for that particular purpose; and this Committee, from time to time, were to make reports of their proceedings to the Council. The Committee of Transaction to be charged with the selection, compilation and arrangement of the matter for the annual volume of transactions, and the preparation of a prefatory discourse. This annual volume was promised to each subscriber gratis, in page the eighth of their original Prospectus, dated 1791; but how many volumes have appeared in the twelve years is not publicly known.

Of the SCHOOL, there shall be a Professor of Veterinary Medicine, who is to continue superintendant of the whole. The Professor to be elected at a general meeting, and to have the sole arrangement and direction of the studies and occupations of the pupils of the school, of their matter and order, of the distribution of his lectures, of the number and nature of the subjects required for dissection. He shall likewise judge of the kind and quality of the forage to be used in the infirmary; of the regulation of the cattle therein, and of the remedies to be employed. The Professor to have a yearly income, or salary, to increase proportionally with the revenue of the College; but not to exceed a certain sum per annum. There shall be a Clerk to assist the Professor in keeping his books, and to follow his directions in entering and registering all the concerns of the school, infirmary, laboratory, and forge.

Rules respecting the PUPILS were these: Any person desirous of becoming a resident pupil, must be able to read and write well. The preference shall be given to such youths as shall have received the elements of a good education, and more especially to those who have some knowledge of surgery and pharmacy. Such candidate not being under the age of fifteen years, nor more than twenty-two, must apply to the Secretary, and deliver a paper, containing his name, age, and place of abode; and the Secretary shall refer the same to the next meeting of the Council or Permanent Committee. The resident pupils to be appointed by the Council, and to be taken as much as possible from different counties, for the better and more expeditious dissemination of the art. Each perpetual member (that is, a subscriber of not less than twenty guineas) to have the privilege of sending a pupil to attend a complete course of study. A library shall be annexed to the College, comprehending all such works as may contribute to enlarge and improve the veterinary science.

The studies for the pupils were divided into eight courses; after having regularly and diligently gone through all which practically, as well as theoretically, they were then to undergo a public examination in the theory and practice of every branch of the veterinary art; and those considered as perfectly qualified, were to receive a certificate, signed by the Professor, and confirmed by the Council. It was concluded at the publication of these original propositions, that the term for completing the education would not exceed three years, provided the pupils were equally capable, assiduous, and well-inclined. An INFIRMARY was to be opened for the reception of diseased animals belonging to the members of the College, at a fixed sum for their livery or subsistence, during the time they remained under cure. The annual subscription was originally not less than two guineas; and not less than twenty at one payment to become a perpetual member. These, however, may probably, amidst the many improvements made, have undergone various alterations.

It was at first supposed, from the great prospect of general utility, and universal accommodation, that the establishment would soon have been enabled to support itself upon the basis of public contribution and private subscriptions: this, however, did not prove to be the case; for in the month of April, 1795, precisely four years after its institution, a petition was presented to the House of Commons, praying pecuniary assistance for its support; which, from a consideration of its promised advantages, was soon unanimously complied with, and a large sum voted to its service. This was followed by an additional parliamentary grant of 1520l. in June 1797, since which it has also received farther national assistance. Whether the number of annual subscribers declining, or the aggregate not being adequate to the unavoidable expenditure of the establishment, and occasioned pecuniary deficiencies, it is not necessary to ascertain; evident it is, the establishment has been productive of one great and substantial service to the country, not more in respect to the general reformation and improvement of farriery, than in affording to the military cavalry scientific practitioners, of which they so very palpably stood in need.

Notwithstanding the advantages already resulting to the public at large, time alone can demonstrate what emoluments will be derived by the numerous individuals who were encouraged, by specious appearances, to embark in the undertaking: one thing seems at present incontrovertibly certain, that of those who have entered into the profession, the greater part did so with an intention (since confirmed) of becoming MASTERS immediately upon obtaining a certificate, and quitting the College; and hence it is we have a veterinary surgeon in every street and lane of the Metropolis, with as great a scarcity of expert journeymen as before the institution took place. Experience and attentive observation must have convinced every enlightened, humane, and liberal sportsman, that the shoeing-smith has a life of labour and drudgery, for which he is the least paid, and the worst looked upon, of any tradesman in the numerous catalogue of those who have a subsistence to obtain by the sweat of the brow.

That the science of shoeing, and system of farriery, has seldom or ever been undertaken or practised in this kingdom, but by men of the lowest order, and without the advantage of education, must be candidly and clearly admitted; the reason must be equally striking, and can stand in little or no need of elucidation. Are there any attractions (as they are now paid or compensated) beyond drudgery, degradation, and impending indigence? Incessant labour during the early part of life, and inevitable poverty in old age, have, for century upon century, been the hard-earned lot of nineteen out of every twenty shoeing-smiths from one extremity of the kingdom to the other. Can it be expected that those of much mental brilliancy, or manual dexterity, will prostitute both, and descend to so dangerous, so laborious, and so degrading an occupation, without even a chance of adequate compensation? These, it is to be presumed, are very fairly inferred reasons why the practice has always remained in a state of uncultivated sterility; from which even now it appears not to be permanently rescued; for, exclusive of the palpable inconveniencies, and discouraging prospects, already described, which, to a man of spirit and emulation, are sufficiently disgusting, when he adverts to the inferior rank he is in future destined to hold in the scale of society, he becomes conscious of his own insignificance; and, whatever education he may possess, or whatever knowledge he may have attained, he feels but little probability of being held in a degree of public estimation superior to the parochial scavenger or nightman.

Whether the refinement of a college education may give a more sublime complexion of respectability to the practice, and divest it of the distinguished appellation of "horse-doctor," with its collateral indignities, time alone must ascertain; it becoming here applicable only to consider the state and condition of those who have hitherto voluntarily placed their children to so laborious, so hazardous, and so unprofitable an employment. The poor most probably feel equal parental affection with the RICH, and would consequently venture as far to prevent their offspring from embarking in a service of danger: thus, then, it evidently is, the eyes of the most indigent, and the most illiterate, are equally open, and require not to be told, that the trade is a trade of constant labour, some danger, and little profit: they, of course, reject it with contempt; and it has been very weakly supplied even from the confines of a cottage, or the walls of a workhouse. If there can possibly remain "a doubt to hang a loop upon," let a moment's reflection solve the question, whether it can with consistency be conceived, that any man, in moderate circumstances, who had given his son a tolerable education, and had merely a few hundreds to give him, at the hour of his own dissolution, would ever, for one hour, indulge the idea or intent of placing him to a blacksmith? According to the principles and facts already laid down, it is to be presumed, that a circumstance so truly paradoxical and heterogeneous, has not often occurred, and, from present appearances, is not likely to be often repeated.

It is certainly a matter of general good, "most devoutly to be wished," that the present exertions to promote an improvement in the veterinary science may be ultimately successful, and that it may also tend rapidly to remove the paltry stigma of disgrace hitherto annexed to the practice; but to do this, more stimulative means must be attempted, than those already adopted, which have held out nothing but a flattering glare of emulation, without the least prospect of additional reward. There needs no "ghost from the grave" to demonstrate an incontrovertible fact, that the more the mind becomes expanded by the sublunary rays of intellectual refinement, the less it is disposed to encounter the subservience of drudgery, and the mortifying sensations of partial indifference and public contempt; from the influence of which impressive contemplation, it becomes conclusive, that very few, if any, who become proficients (at the College or elsewhere) in the study of PHYSIC, ANATOMY, and the peculiar property of medicine, will ever condescend to blend those qualifications so industriously acquired with the act of shoeing, but consider themselves in a degree superior to the leathern apron, the vulcanian sledge, the massy anvil, and such inferior offices annexed to the operative department, as will, in all human probability, continue it in the same state of predestined subordination.

However repugnant it may prove to the wishes and laudable endeavours of those patriotic, opulent, and distinguished characters, the President, Vice-Presidents, and Directors, as well as the great body of original subscribers to the establishment and support of the Veterinary College; it now seems unequivocally to appear, that one mode must be ultimately adopted, to produce the so much-desired stamp of success. When the practice of the VETERINARY SURGEON (or equestrian physician) and operative farrier (or shoeing-smith) become as distinct as the dignified diploma, and the pharmaceutic drudge; when the different pursuits necessary to the attainment of adequate scientific knowledge, are completed by the parties whose abilities are adapted to the departments they are intended to fill; and when both are much more amply rewarded than at present for their professional assistance; then, and not till then, will the practice become an object of sufficient attraction to men of genius, and intellectual capacity, capable of rendering its improvement matter of national utility; and general gratification to the inhabitants of a country where it has so long continued a subject of almost indelible disgrace.

VICE

.—The imperfections so called in a horse, are the distinguishing traits of an innate bad temper, or a habit mischievously inclined: these are very different from the little airs of skittishness, and proofs of playful spirit, which are displayed by many horses, when brought from confinement to enjoy the comforts and healthy advantages of air and exercise; or others who afford the same indications of pleasure during the ceremony of dressing in the stable. Horses naturally vicious and untractable, seldom keep that propensity long concealed; it generally begins to appear early, and in most cases, with colts, even before they are taken in hand to break. This tendency in some is soon obliterated by gentle treatment, and frequent attentions of tenderness; but with others it continues invincible, and occasionally shews itself during the whole period of their existence. Some are constantly disposed to kick or bite in the stable, who have no one imperfection without; on the contrary, others, who are most incorrigibly restive and unruly without, shall be incredibly calm and quiet within.

Opinions opposite to each other have always prevailed upon the treatment necessary and proper with horses of this description. That authority must be enforced, fortitude exerted, patience persevered in, and submission obtained, are all positions too firmly admitted, and acquiesced in, to admit of contrariety; but experience has fully demonstrated, that great points are sometimes effected by the salutary interposition of equanimity and moderation, that never could be accomplished by the frequently destructive gusts of inconsiderate passion and unmanly violence. If a horse, disposed to be restive, is addicted to running backwards, the best and only remedy is to continue backing him (if there is room for the experiment) till he becomes completely averse to his own undertaking; or procuring a person to come suddenly upon him behind, during his retrograde motion, with a complete flagellation from a cart or hunting whip, which seldom or ever fails to set such a one running from the effect of fear, and to produce a complete eradication.

Horses rearing up on end, so as to stand nearly perpendicular upon their hind legs, is the most dangerous of any description, even to the most judicious, expert, and experienced horseman; who has, in such aukward predicament, (particularly when a horse most viciously repeats it,) no alternative, but to slacken his reins, and lean his body close to the neck, the better to expedite so critical a preponderation. Horses inclined to run away, from an impetuosity of temper, and an eagerness to get forward, frequently alarm their riders, if they are exceedingly irritable upon the score of timidity, or terrified upon the principle of inexperience; but sportsmen mostly prefer horses who require the curb, to those who want a spur, well knowing the utility of moderately dropping the hand, and indulging the loose occasionally; as a dead pull at a hard-mouthed run-away horse, is the sure means of making him endeavour to continue his career the longer.

VIPER, BITE of

.—See Venomous Bites.

VISCIDITY of the BLOOD

—is that state in which the blood is frequently known, when, by a collapsion of the pores, (from some of those causes which produce colds, coughs, and inflammatory diseases,) it acquires a preternatural consistence from the external repulsion of the perspirative matter, which, thrown upon the circulation, constitutes a siziness of the blood: this, by its retention, becomes so viscid and adhesive, (or tough,) that, when it has been drawn off by bleeding, and set by two or three hours to cool, it is with difficulty separated upon the surface, even with the sharpest penknife. Horses having their blood in a state too sizy and viscid for the perfect purposes of secretion and health, soon display it in some way or other: a heaviness of the head, a dulness of the eyes, a lassitude of the body, a husky tendency to cough, a rough harshness in the coat, a swelling of the legs, or cracks in the heels, (particularly if it happens in the winter season,) are some of the indications by which it may be readily known, and should be speedily counteracted. Unloading the vessels, by twice bleeding, about ten days apart, attenuating the crassamentum of the blood by mild diuretics, and altering its property by a short course of alterative powders, will prove all that is necessary to promote and ensure condition.

VIVES

—is a disorder so similar to the strangles, that the leading symptoms (at the commencement of the attack) are nearly the same; with this difference only, that in the strangles the tumefactions are centrically situate in the concavity of the under jaw, just below the gullet; and in the vives, the swellings are seated at the roots of the ears, descending more or less towards the neck. These differ in different subjects, as in some they do not suppurate; but by warmth, and emollient unguents, applied twice or thrice a day, are absorbed into the circulation, and are then to be taken out of the habit by a gentle course of mercurial physic; but where the swelling and inflammation are evidently too great for repulsion and absorption, suppuration must be promoted by the means described, and the case treated as will be found under the head Strangles.

VIXEN

.—A bitch fox, or a female cub, is so called.

VOLUNTEER

—was a racer in high estimation, and has long been a stallion of much repute. He was bred by the late Colonel O'Kelly, foaled in 1780; got by Eclipse, dam by Tartar; and is own brother to Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, Adonis, and Queen Mab. He is the sire of many capital racers, the most remarkable of which are the following. In 1791, Portia, (the Duke of Bedford's,) then three years old, won a sweepstakes of 100 guineas each, six subscribers; 250 guineas forfeit from five; both at Newmarket; the Oaks Stakes of 50 guineas each, thirty-eight subscribers, at Epsom; and 200 guineas at Newmarket. Recruit, three years old, won two fifties at Penrith. In 1792, five of his get appeared with increasing reputation. Nerissa, (Duke of Bedford's,) two years old, won 200 guineas at Newmarket. Scanderbeg, (Mr. Fox's,) only two years old, won 200 guineas, 130 guineas, 100 guineas, 75 guineas, 100 guineas, and 200 guineas, all at Newmarket. Hop-planter, three years old, won 50l. at Epsom, 50l. at Guildford, and 50l. at Stockbridge. Recruit won 50l. at Stamford, 50l. at Grantham, 50l. at Worcester, 50l. at Penrith: and Fetters, (two years old,) 50 guineas at Newmarket.

In 1793 appeared Cælia, (Duke of Bedford's,) who at three years won the Filly Stakes of 300 guineas, 1500 guineas, 50l. and 50 guineas, at Newmarket; and the Oaks Stakes, of 50 guineas each, thirty-seven subscribers, at Epsom. Nerissa won 400 guineas, 600 guineas, 250 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket. Scanderbeg won 800 guineas, and 200 guineas, at Newmarket. Hillisberg won 200 guineas at Newmarket. Hop-planter won 90 guineas, 180 guineas, and 50l. at Canterbury. Hybla, 175 guineas at Litchfield. Isaline, 100 guineas; and Brimstone, 50l. both at Newmarket. In 1794, the brother to Portia, then two years old, won 135 guineas, 360 guineas, and the July Stakes of 490 guineas, at Newmarket. Cockade won 100 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket. Jessica, 200 guineas at Ascot, and 50l. at Newmarket. Cælia, the Fortescue Stakes of 90 guineas at Newmarket. Stirling, 100 guineas at Ascot, and the Magna Charta Stakes at Egham.

The merits of Volunteer, as a stallion, now became so perceptible, that ten of his produce, in 1795, were repeatedly brought to the post: a three year old of Mr. G. Bowes's won 50 guineas, 50 guineas, and 50 guineas, at Newmarket. Bonny Kate, two years old, 100 guineas also. Miller, 25 guineas at Epsom, 50l. and 20 guineas at Lambourn. Hop-planter, 50l. at Newmarket, and the King's 100 guineas at Guildford. Stirling won 50l. and the Jockey Club Plate, at Newmarket; 75 guineas at Epsom; and the King's Plate at Ipswich. A colt of Mr. O'Kelly's, 50l. at Epsom, and 50l. at Northampton. Spread Eagle, 450 guineas, and 500 guineas, at Newmarket; and the Derby Stakes of 50 guineas each, 45 subscribers, at Epsom.

In 1796, Miss Whip, at three years old, won 50l. at Ascot; 60 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Canterbury; 200 guineas, 100 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket. Pepper-pot, the same age, won 25 guineas, and 50 guineas, at Newmarket; 76l. 5s. 0d. at Nottingham; 125 guineas, and 200 guineas, at Litchfield. Pleader, 50l. at Preston, 50l. at York, 50l. at Richmond, and the cup at Northallerton. Miller, 50 guineas at Newmarket, 100 guineas, and 25 guineas, at Ascot, and 50l. at Enfield. Hum, 100 guineas at Lambourn, and 25 guineas at Wantage. Spread Eagle, 450 guineas at York. Recruit, 50 guineas, 50 guineas, and 40 guineas, at Newmarket: and Stirling, 400 guineas, and 400 guineas, at Newmarket, and the King's 100l. at Burford.

In 1797, a three year old of Lord Sackville's won 50 guineas, 50 guineas, and 50 guineas, at Newmarket, and 40 guineas at Lewes. Miss Whip, 100 guineas at Newmarket, 50l. at Ayr, and two 50's at Dumfries. Stirling, 300 guineas, 500 guineas, and 400 guineas; and Pepper-pot, the Claret Stakes of 600 guineas, at Newmarket.

In 1798, Commodore won 50l. and 50 guineas, at Newmarket. Ironsides, 50l. and 100 guineas, at Haverfordwest. Magic, (Lord Sackville's,) the Petworth Stakes of 170 guineas at Brighton, (beating Wrangler, Johnny, Bennington, Montezuma, and Play or Pay;) 120 guineas at Lewes; the King's Plate and 50l. at Canterbury. Split Pigeon, 800 guineas; and Spread Eagle, the King's 100 guineas; both at Newmarket.

In 1799, a three year old bay colt of Sir F. Standish's won 85 guineas, 400 guineas, and 1800 guineas, at Newmarket. Split Pigeon, 50l. at Winchester, 50l. at Blandford, and 50l. at Taunton. Rosalind, 50l. and 100 guineas, at Dumfries. Magic, 240 guineas at Litchfield, and 50l. at Leicester. Jemmy, 50l. at Ascot, and 30 guineas at Abingdon. Commodore and Provisional, each 50 guineas at Newmarket.

In 1800, Brighton won 50l. at Lambourn. Eagle, 400 guineas at York. Rosalind, 1500 guineas, and 300 guineas, at Ayr. Triumvir, 300 guineas, and 250 guineas, at Newmarket: and Volonté, the bowl at Salisbury.

In 1801, the brother to Recruit won 40 guineas at Epsom; 50 guineas, and 20 guineas, at Newmarket. Brighton, 50l. at Winchester, 50l. at Blandford, and 50l. at Reading. Eagle, the Craven Stakes of 110 guineas, and 200 guineas, at Newmarket. Gaoler, 120 guineas at Stamford, and 50 guineas at Newmarket: and Triumvir, 110 guineas at Canterbury; 15 guineas, and 25 guineas, at Newmarket.

In 1802, Brighton won 50l. and 25 guineas, at Ascot. Conscript, 50l. at Ayr. Eagle, 150 guineas, at Newmarket. Fusileer, 50l. at Kingscote; and Gaoler, 600 guineas, 100 guineas, 100 guineas, and 42½ guineas, at Newmarket.

Volunteer, though now twenty-three years old, is in good health, and covers at Cannons, near Edgware, in Middlesex, at 10 guineas the mare, and half a guinea the groom.

VOMITING

—is often a favourable relief to the human frame, which advantage the horse does not posses, in consequence of the peculiar construction of the gullet. It therefore becomes a matter of serious consideration, how far it may be proper or prudent to administer to a horse, medicines whose properties tend to excite a stimulus, and induce the stomach to a regurgitation by vomit; an operation which it is impossible can take place. See Tartar Emetic.