INDEX

A Abbots, 217, 218, 421; of Clugny, 429 Abelard, 511, 518, 559 Absolution, 590, 597 Abstinents, 204 Abubekr, 479 Abuses, clerical, 421, 426, 430, 432, 548, 563 Abu Taleb, 479 Acolytes, 63 Acre, fall of, 499 Actium, battle of, 41 Adalbert, 398, 425 Adaldag, 251 Adalgar, 251 Adelaide, 392, 402 Adelbert, 243 Adelbert of Bremen, 438 Adelbert of Prague, 249, 257 Adelpert, 165 Adhemar, Bishop of Pui, 494 Ærius of Sebasta, 220 African Church, 155 Agents at Eastern court, 299 Agilbert, 239 Agilulf, King, 243 Agnes, Empress, 451 Agobard of Lyons, 283, 364 Agriculture, 198 Aidan, 164 Alaric II., 296 Albertus Magnus, 525 Albigenses, 501, 506, 560, 562, 572 Alcuin, 249, 311, 318 Aldich, 335 Alemanni, 234, 243 Aleontera, order of, 514 Alexander II., 360, 364, 369, 442, 446, 451 Alexander III., 362, 364, 379, 413, 545 Alexander IV., 536 Alexander of Alexandria, 137, 138, 141, 349 Alexander of Hales, 597 Alexander the Great, 199, 318 Alexander Severus, 103, 268, 291 Alexius, Emperor, 493, 495 Ali, 479 Alliance of Church and State, 202, 204 Alliance of Pope and Franks, 302, 304, 305, 307 Alms, 352 Amania, 165 Ambrose, 170, 211, 213, 295, 368, 380 Ammon, 205, 208 Anacletus, 331 Anagni, 545 Anastasius, 174, 365 Andrew, St., 257 Angels, 354 Angles, 235 Anglo-Saxon invasion, 240 Anicetus, 155 Anne, 257 Ansgar, 250, 253, 341 Anthony of Alexandria, 205, 211 Anthony, order of, 514 Anthony, St., 203, 208, 427 Antioch, captured, 495 Antioch, Council of, 178, 348 Anti-Petrine view, 77 Antoninus Pius, 102 Apiarius, 167 Apostles, 56; and monasticism, 201; and the state, 290 Apostles' Creed, 356, 371 Apostolic Christianity, 202 Apostolic Church, 154, 160 ff., 202, 375 Apostolic constitutions, 163; canons, 178, 330, 331 Apostolic seat, 61 Apostolic succession, 61 Appeals to Rome, 155, 169, 175, 348, 562, 575 Aquileia, Council of, 171 Aquinas, Thomas, 373, 525, 592, 595, 596 Arabia, in 570, 476 ff.; under Mohammed, 480 Arabs, 476 ff. Archbishops, 61; 22 in Europe, 315, 336; origin of, 348-350; power, 350; in 13th century, 581, 582 Archdeacons, 62 Architecture, 598, 599, 600 Arian controversy, 120, 136 ff., 175, 266, 294 Arian princes conquered, 302 Arianism, 143, 145, 189, 232, 233 Arians, 139, 141, 142, 144, 145, 166 Aristotle, 47 Arius, 137, 138, 141, 144 Arles, Council of, 119, 144, 162, 163, 175, 244, 293, 353 Arles, Council of, in 813, 313 Arnold, 16 Arnold of Brescia, 511, 518, 559 Arnoldites, 519 Arnulf, 387 Art, 42, 270 Asceticism, use of, 64, 199; attacks on, 218, 219 Ascetics, 203; none in early Church, 204, 427 Athalaric, 296 Athanasius, 9, 139, 141, 142, 144, 166, 181, 206, 209, 211, 212, 349 Athens, 48 Attila, 184 Augustine, St., 9, 168, 170, 211, 213, 372 Augustine's City of God, 318 Augustine, Abbot, 165, 235, 236, 237, 238 Augustine, Rule of, 511 Augustinians, 536, 539 Augustus, 48, 94 Aurelian, 105, 156 Aurelius, 330 Avars, 308, 309 Avis, order of, 514 Aymar, abbot of Clugny, 429

B Babbio, 243 Baldwin of Bouillon, 494 Baldwin II., 513 Bans, 564 Baptism, 181, 219, 352, 372, 374, 375 Baptisteries, 375 Barbarian invasions, 169, 180, 183, 293, 357, 385; later, 388 Barbarians, conversion of, 230, 231 Baronius, 16 Basil, St., 139, 167, 210 Basil, Rule of, 212 Basil, Emperor, 257 Basques, 308 Baur, 17 Bavarians, 302, 308 Bede, 16, 73, 235, 240 Begging orders, 216, 518 ff., 536, 537 Beghards, 519, 520, 538 Beguins, 519, 520 Belisarius deposes a Pope, 297 Bells, 372 Benedict, 187, 213 Benedict VII., 402 Benedict VIII., 368, 407, 408, 420, 426 Benedict IX., 410, 420 Benedict X., 438, 439 Benedictine Rule, 190, 214-216, 428, 431, 432 Benedictines, 199, 248, 434 Benedictus Levita, 335 Berengar, 387 Berengar II., 392, 395 Bernard, St., 368, 369, 402, 491, 496, 511, 513, 516, 518, 570 Bernard of Quintavalle, 528 Bertha, 236 Bible manuscripts, 269 Bishop of Rome, 76, 77, 107, 149, 151, 153, 154, 155, 158; accepted as Peter's successor, 160, 170; claims appellate power, 165; greatest man in Western Europe, 168; settles disputes, 169; primacy of, 172, 175; power approved by Emperor, 178; calls councils, 294; becomes a temporal prince, 302 Bishoprics created in Germany, 247, 249, 253 Bishoprics founded in France, 303 Bishops, 57; equality of, 176; increase their power, 322; subjected to state, 337; election of, 351; duties, 351 ff., 421; in the East, 501; in 13th century, 582 ff. Bishops, provincial, 158 Björn, King, 253 Black friars, see Dominicans. Blondel, David, 333 Bogoris, Duke, 256 Bohemia, 449 Bohemian Church, 255 Bohemians, 255, 391, 401 Bohemond, 494, 495 Boleslav the Cruel, 255 Boleslaw II., 369 Bologna University, 545, 579, 589 Bonasus, 220 Bonaventura, 537, 538 Boniface, 165, 305, 309 Boniface, St., 244 ff., 330, 333 Boniface I., 295 Boniface IV., 378, 380 Boniface VII., 402 Boniface VIII., 413, 525, 581 Borziway, Duke, 255 Bossuet, 16 Brescia, Council of, 467 Bretons, 308 Breviarium, 330 Bridge Brothers, 515 Bridget, St., 240 British Christians, 238 Brotherhoods of the Peace of God, 359 Brothers and Sisters of Penitence, 530 Brothers of the Sword, 514 Bruno, 249, 399, 424, 434 ff., 511 Bruno, abbot of Clugny, 428 Bruno of Cologne, 510 Buddha, 199 Bulgarians, 253, 256, 407 Burghers, increase in importance, 570 Burgundian Code, 363 Burgundians, 145, 233, 302 Burgundy united with Germany, 406 Byzantine Empire, 126, 405 Byzantine historians, 16

C Cæcilius, 95 Cæsar, Augustus, 48, 94, 318 Cæsar, Julius, 48 Cæsar, Tiberius, 48 Cæsarins, 538 Caius, 80, 86 Calatrava, order of, 514 Calendar of saints, 378 Calistus, 358 Calixtus I., 177, 453 Calixtus II., 472 Callistus, 160, 163 Calvin, 333 Camaldolites, 429 ff., 445 Candles, 220 Canon law, 143, 246, 370, 549 Canonisation, 379 Canons of the Church, 142, 144, 145, 266, 329 Canossa, 463 ff. Canute, 407, 409 Capitula Angilramni, 331 Capuchins, 539 Caracalla, 103 Carloman, 216, 304, 307 Carmelites, 520, 539 Carnales, 338 Caroline Books, 283 Carolingian Empire, 321, 386, 387, 391 Carolingian policy of division of rule, 320, 348 Carthage, Church of, 449 Carthage, Council of, 171 Carthusians, 510, 570 Cassian, 211, 213, 521 Cassiodorus, 330 Catacombs, 268 Catechists, 63 Catechumens, 374, 375 Catharii, 511 Catharists, 560 Catholic Church, 5, 75, 107, 148; unity of, 156, 157 Cedd, Bishop, 239 Celestine, 168, 174 Celestine III., 362, 364, 551 Celestine V., 512, 538 Celestines, 512, 538 Celibacy, 64, 143, 161, 181, 190, 203, 220, 247, 266, 300, 355, 356, 420, 436, 439, 442, 450, 452, 453 ff., 544, 564 Celsus, 95 Celtic missionaries, 164, 246 Celts, 235, 237, 241, 244 Chalcedon, Council of, 172, 174, 184, 194, 218, 294, 297, 349 Chapter, 584 ff. Charity, 159, 198, 364, 365 Charlemagne, see Charles the Great. Charles the Bald, 319, 342, 385 Charles the Fat, 321, 385, 386, 387 Charles the Great, 9, 126, 187, 217, 234, 248, 249, 250, 253, 254, 255, 258; life of, 307-308; controls Papacy, 308; reforms Church, 309; Emperor, 309-312; results of his rule, 312-317; character, 317; successors, 319-320, 331, 334, 339, 341, 348, 354, 363, 366, 372; decline of his empire, 384, 385, 389, 392, 393, 395, 398, 400, 405, 410, 412, 414, 443, 446, 455, 471, 486, 487 Charles Martel, 245, 247, 258, 303, 487 Charles the Simple, 385, 390 Charroux, synod of, 358 Chiersy, synod of, 334 Childeric III., 304 Chivalry, 490, 502, 506 Chosroes II., 484 Christ, order of, 514 Christendom, size in 604, 231; extent in 13th century, 259 Christianity, 46; illegal, 93, 102, 107; spread of, 113, 126, 128, 149, 150; in first and second centuries, 203; spread to Ireland, 240; Scotland, 241; materialised, 270; political philosophy of early, 289; not a "religio licita," 290; compared with Roman religion, 292; compared with Mohammedanism, 426, 481 Christians, number of, 54, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107; number in 305, 113; in Rome, 148; number, 259, 268; increase of, 291; refuse to conform, 291 Chrysostom, 139, 167, 232, 271 Church and state, 423, 435 Church, apostolic, compared, 160 ff. Church Canons, 142, 144, 145 Church, Christian, sources on, 12; in New Test., 15; contributions of Jews and pagans, 53; organisation, 55, 56; Roman Empire a model, 148; changes in, 149; early evils, 163; unity of, 169; changes in, 180; property, 190; necessary for salvation, 194; secularised, 201; worldliness in, 203; reflects its age, 260; compared with the state, 292; recognises supremacy of the state, 292; union with state not all evil, 293; paganised, 293; rules Europe for 1000 years, 294; ruled by Empire after Constantine, 294, 295; alienation of property forbidden, 296; in 7th and 8th century, 300; receives property from Clovis, 302; Pepin, 303; and Charles the Great, 312; divided into 22 archbishoprics, 315; declines, 322; constitution of, 337; and state, 338; founded on Peter, 343; moral arch of safety, 356; slavery, 356; peace, 358 ff.; private war, 358; ordeals, 362; charity, 365; discipline, 366; worship, 370; sacraments, 373; above state, 418; corruptions, 422; in 1073, 445; property, sale of, 451; feudalised, 455; wealth of, 501; crusades, 502; attains its claims, 569; extent and wealth, 574; good and evil, 600 ff.; in 13th century, 602 ff. Church Fathers, deplore vices in Church, 180, 191, 201; command asceticism, 203, 216; approve images, 272, 276; and the state, 290, 318, 330, 357, 365, 376 Church government, system of, 60; evolution of, 64, 184; regulated, 297, 446 Church history, study of, 1-10; sources on, 10-11; not theology, 7; revival of interest in, 7 Church officers, 57, 162, 260, 455 Churches, endowed in Rome, 118, 265; decorated, 272; and shrines, 378; erected to Our Lady, 381; erected in Holy Land, 484 Cicero, 41, 42, 93 Cistercians, 249, 511, 570, 591 Civil law, 452 Civilisation, mediæval, 381, 505 Clairvaux, 570 Clarenins, 538 Classical influences, 260 Claudius, 48, 113 Claudius, Bishop of Turin, 283 Clement II., 410, 427, 434 Clement III., 362, 467, 546, 579, 589 Clement VIII., 526 Clement of Alexandria, 80, 86, 269 Clement of Rome, 57, 80, 84, 86, 153, 155, 160, 177 Clergy, houses, 64; reformed, 190; regulated, 297; influence of, 354; incomes, 355; higher, 420-422; under Gregory VII., 448; in 13th century, 517; criticised, 571; cut off from laity, 587 ff. Clermont, Council of, 360, 489, 492 Clovis, 234, 302, 303 Clugniacs, 199; reformation, 424 ff., 435 Clugny, 428 ff., 434, 436, 490 Cœlestius, 173 Coleman, Bishop, 239 College of Cardinals, 439 ff., 580 Columba, 164, 241 Columbanus, 164, 242, 243 Columbus, 253, 505 Commodion, 80 Commodus, 103 Common people, 45 Communism, 64 Concordat of Worms, 472, 473, 545, 582 Concubinage, 451 Confession, 218, 352, 367, 426, 596 Confirmation, 352, 375 Conrad of Franconia, 390 Conrad II., 407 ff., 455 Conrad III., 496 Constantia, 141, 271 Constantine, 9, 54, 106; Roman Empire under, 112; life of, 113 ff.; vision of the cross, 117 ff., 125; character, 121 ff.; successors, 127; Arian controversy, 139 ff., 159; legalised Christianity, 160, 162; aid to Church, 175, 219, 232, 269, 270, 271; subjects Christianity to the state, 292, 294, 318, 331, 336, 354, 365, 372, 374, 379 Constantine II., 144 Constantine V., 277, 280 Constantinople, fall of, 286, 449 Constantinople, second Council of, 145, 178, 281, 282 Constantinople, synod of, 277 Constantius, 144, 294 Constantius Chlorus, 113, 114, 115 Constitution of Lothair, 395 Constitution of Otto I., 395 Conte, Le, 333 Conversion, mediæval, 231 ff. Converts, pagan, 180 Cornelius, 79 Corpus Juris Canonici, 338, 360, 588, 589 Corruptions in the Church in 10th and 11th centuries, 422; 13th century, 563 Council, Reform, of 1074, 450 Councils, 162, 237, 266, 294, 313, 376, 421, 452, 471, 544 Credulity of Western Europe, 487 Creed, Nicene, 171 Creighton, 17 Crescentius, 403 Cross, 269, 271 Cross bearers, order of, 514 Crusades, 249, 258, 377, 404, 450; causes, 483 ff.; time, purpose, and number, 491 ff.; first, 493 ff.; second, 496 ff.; third, 497; fourth, 498; minor crusades, 498 ff.; failed, 499; results, 500 ff.; children's, 492; against heretics, 561 Culdees, 241, 252 Culture, 198 Curia, Roman, 562 Cyprian, 80, 82, 107, 155, 158, 159, 160, 205, 372 Cyril, 139, 168 Cyrillus, 254, 255, 256 Czechs, 253, 388

D Damascus, 181 Damasus, 295, 330, 434 Damiani, 371, 373, 432 ff., 436, 438, 441, 442 Danes, 253, 388, 391, 392, 399, 401, 407 David, Sultan, 493 Deacons, 56, 364 Decian persecution, 203 Decius, 98, 104, 105 Decretals, 173; of Gregory I., 174 Decretum Gratiani, 589 Dedication of churches, 352 De Gama, 505 De Moulin, 333 Democracy of Papacy, 300 Denis, St., 74, 164 Denmark, Church in, 250, 251 Deposition of a Pope, 297 "Deposito Martyrum," 81 Devil, 354 Dictatus Papæ, 448 Didymus, Blind, 139 Diet of Worms, 434, 460 Dioceses, 349 Diocletian, 98, 105, 112, 114 Dionysius Areopagite, 373 Dionysius Exiguus, 330, 334 Dionysius, Bishop of Corinth, 80, 86 Dionysius of Alexandria, 137 Dionysius of Rome, 137, 156 Discipline, 366, 376 Divorce not permitted, 356, 564 Doctrine of Addai, 81 Doctrines, 591 Doge of Venice, 430 Dogma, 295, 572 Döllinger, 17 Dominic, St., 518, 519 ff.; youth and education, 521; goes to France, 522; rebukes the Cistercians, 522; founds St. Rouen, 523; order approved by Innocent III., 523; organisation, 524; spread, 525; death, 525, 570 Dominicans, 259, 432, 502, 521, 525 ff., 570, 591 Dominicus, St., 429 Domitian, 100, 101 Domitilla, 100 Donation of Constantine, 332, 334 Donation of Pepin, 306 Donatists, 136, 189 Donatus, 212 Dorylæum, battle of, 495 Dryer, 17 Dunstan, St., 427 Duran de Husce, 519

E East and the West, breach between, 438 Easter, date of, 143, 155, 160, 220, 239, 240, 266 Eastern Church, 155, 184, 231, 266 Eastern Church and Western compared, 286 Eastern Empire, 502; estranged from the Western, 503, 549 Ebionites, 132, 136 Ebo, Archbishop of Rheims, 250, 335 Ecclesia and Jewish kingdom, 56 Ecclesiastical monarchy, 301 Edessa, fall of, 496 Edict of Milan, 119, 174 Edict of 380, 128 Education, under Charles the Great, 317, 356 Ekkehard, 401 Elders, duties of, 59 Election of clergy, 193 Election of Pope, 296, 297, 298 Elias, 210 Elizabeth, 46 Elvira, Council of, 163 Elvira, synod of, 268, 276 Emerton on study of Church history, 1 Emperor, 289, 295; German, 445, 446; Eastern, and crusades, 491 Empire, prosperous, 40; moral condition, 46; union with Papacy, 175; spiritualised, 293; revival under Otto I., 391; and Papacy, 398; distracted, 549 Eon de l'Etoile, 558 Ephesus, Council of, 168, 171, 294 Ephraëm, 139 Episcopal cases taken out of secular courts, 337 Erasmus, 332 Erfurt, Council of, 453 Eric, 251, 252 Eschylus, 43 Esquimos, 252 Essenes, 44, 200, 209 Estates of the Church, 365 Ethelbert, 236, 237, 238 Eucharist, 266, 363, 370, 372, 373, 374, 558 Eudoxia, 167 Eugenius II., 361 Eugenius III., 496 Eusebius of Cæsarea, 15, 54, 71, 81, 102, 106, 117, 118, 139, 141, 211, 271 Eusebius of Nicomedia, 139 Eustace of Bouillon, 494, 495, 496 Eustathius, 210 Evagrius, 15 Ewald, 165, 244, 249 Exarchs, 349 Excommunication, 155, 157, 158, 172, 367 ff., 561, 576 ff., 597 Exorcists, 63 Extreme unction, 377, 597, 598

F Fabiola, 365 Fasting, 203, 220, 367 Felix II., 145, 185 Festival of All Saints, 378 Festival of All Souls, 378 Festival of Orthodoxy, 282 Festival of the Annunciation, 381 Festival of the Ascension of Mary, 381 Festival of the Purification of Mary, 381 Festivals multiplied, 161, 193, 375 Feudalism, 217, 389, 503, 505, 515, 574 Filioque, 266, 285 Finances of Rome, 445 Fisher, 17 Flagellants, 432, 506 Flavian, 9, 167 Flavius Clemens, 100 Florence, Council of, in 1439, 285 Fontevraud, order of, 511 Formosus, 386, 387, 419 Fortunatus, 155 Foulques de Neuilly, 519 France, beginnings of, 231 Francis, St., 9, 518, 526 ff.; early career, 526 ff.; forms an order, 528 ff.; confirmed by Pope, 529; labours, 530; death and canonisation, 530; his influence, 531; growth of the order, 532; compared with Dominic, 533 ff.; later history, 538 ff., 570 Franciscans, 259, 432, 502, 524, 526 ff., 570, 591 Frankfort, Council of, 369 Franks, 234, 235, 249, 302 ff. Fratricelli, 538 Frederick II., Emperor, 498, 550, 577 Frederick Barbarossa, 497 Frederick, Bishop, 252 Frederick the Great, 318 Frederick of Lorraine becomes Pope, 438 Free cities, 503, 505, 506 Freeman, 4 French Revolution, 429 Fridolin, 243 Fulda, monastery at, 248 Fulk of Neuilly, 498

G Gaius, 93 Galerius, 106, 114, 115 Gall, St., 243 Gallienus, 105 Gallus, 165, 243 Gama, De, 505 Gautbert, 253 Gebhard, 437 ff. Gelasius, 167, 174, 573 Genseric, 184 Gerach of Reichersberg, 518 Gerbert, 399, 402, 404, 425, 426 German Church, 247, 394 German cloisters, 429 German kingdom, 391 German Pope, first, 403; Popes, 425 Germanus, 278 Germany, origin of, 321, 244; influences, 260 Geyza, Prince, 257 Geography, 505 Ghibellines, 549 Gibbon, 16, 73 Gieseler, 3, 17 Gilbert, 512, 516 Gilbertines, 512 Gnostics, 132, 136, 202, 268 Goddana, 210 Godfrey of Bouillon, 494, 495, 496, 513 Godfrey of Tuscany, 442 Gontran, King, 242 Goths, 145, 302 Gottschalk, 254 Grammont, order of, 510 Gratian, 128, 167, 171, 368, 434, 589 Grecian religion, 42 Greek, 41 Greek Catholics, 76 Greek Church, 231, 233, 257, 449 Greek Fathers, 170 Greeks, 401 Greenland, 252 Gregory of Tours, 16, 73, 319 Gregory I., the Great, 9, 167, 185, 191, 216, 218, 231, 236, 242, 270, 274, 275, 276, 298, 329, 336, 344, 358, 365, 368, 370, 371, 380, 389, 440, 441 Gregory II., 245, 278, 279, 300 Gregory III., 247, 280, 300, 303 Gregory V., 403, 404, 425, 426, 427 Gregory VI., 410, 420, 434, 455 Gregory VII., 173, 339, 369, 432; election, 446; beliefs, 447 ff.; reform efforts, 450 ff.; opposition, 453 ff.; investiture strife, 457 ff.; Henry IV., 462 ff.; driven from Rome, 467; dies in exile, 467; character, 467 ff.; influence, 470; crusader, 488, 545 Gregory VIII., 546 Gregory IX., 537, 538 Gregory X., 526, 539 Gregory Nanzianzen, 349 Gregory of Utrecht, 248 Grosseteste, 590 Gualbert, St. John, 431 Guelphs, 549 Guericke, 17 Guido of Spoleto, 386 Guilds, 576 Guiscard, 441, 449, 494 Gwatkin, 17

H Hadrian, Emperor, 102 Hadrian I., Pope, 281 Hadrian II., 355, 418 Hagenbach, 17 Hakam, 485 Hakon the Good, 251 Halimand, Archbishop, 436 Halitgar, 250 Hanseatic League, 506 Harnack, 17, 58 Harold Klak, King, 250 Hase, 17 Hatch on Church history, 4, 58 Hauck, 17 Heaven, 354, 381 Hefele, 17 Hegesippus, 15 Hegira, 480, 481 Helena, 113 Heliogabalus, 103 Hell, 354, 381 Helvidius, 220 Henke, 16 Henry I., 390, 420 Henry II., 241, 406 ff., 424, 426, 572, 577 Henry III., 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 420, 424, 427, 434, 437, 438, 439, 456 Henry IV., 360, 363, 437, 439, 446, 451, 459 ff., 461, 463 ff., 467, 577 Henry V., 471, 472 Henry VI., 498, 549, 550 Henry VIII., 318 Henry the Fowler, 424 Henry of Lausanne, 559 Heraclius, 484 Heresy, 143, 145, 153, 154, 157, 165, 183, 184, 205, 220, 247, 295, 517, 557 ff., 564, 572, 576 Heretics, 173, 268, 293, 368, 501, 539, 560, 561 Hergenröther, 17 Hermits, 199, 206 ff. Herod, 79 Herzog, 17 Hieracus, 205 Hierarchy, 176, 198, 260 Hilarion, 208, 210 Hilarius, 61 Hilary, 144, 164 Hildebrand, 9, 191, 363, 424, 426, 429, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 441 ff.; chosen Pope, 500, 545, 548, 565 Hildebrandine reformation, 490 Hincmar, 332, 336, 341, 361, 369 Hippolytus, 80, 177 Hispania, 331 Hirshau, 431 Holy Ghost, order of, 515 Holy Roman Empire, 344, 401, 411 ff. Holy Water, 372, 572 Honoratus, 164 Honorius, 240, 295 Honorius II., 442, 513, 519 Honorius III., 364, 520, 524 Hosius, 118, 141, 144 Hospitalers, 502 Hospitals, 365 Hottinger, 16 House of Commons in England, 504 Hugh, abbot of Clugny, 429 Hugh Capet, 387 Hugh of Provence, 392 Hugh of St. Victor, 373 Hugh of Vienne, 525 Hugh the Great, 392 Hugh the Long, 494, 495 Hugo, Cardinal, 446, 447 Humbert, Cardinal, 436 Hume, 16 Humiliati, 512 Hungarians, 385, 493 Huodo, Count, 401 Hurst, 17 Hymns, 371

I Iceland, 252 Iconoclasti, 277 Iconoclastic controversy, 267, 282 ff., 300, 304, 309 Iconolatræ, 277 Ignatius of Antioch, 75, 80, 86, 159, 177, 336 Images, not used by early Christians, 268; edict against, 278, 379, 501 Image worship, 161, 267 ff., 269, 273 ff., 279 ff., 302 Imperial theory of church and state, 413, 414 Incense, 220 Independence of Pope, 302 Indulgences, 377, 501, 560, 561, 572, 595, 596 Index, 573 Industry, 198 Innocent I., 167, 170, 171, 172, 181, 452, 596 Innocent II., 362 Innocent III., 9, 191, 287, 339, 362, 364, 369, 389, 413, 436, 498, 500, 502, 510, 515, 519, 522, 544, 545; early life, 545; enters Church, 546; chosen Pope, 547; ideas and reform policy, 547 ff.; becomes head of Europe, 549 ff.; asserts supremacy over the East, 555; rules North, 556; champions crusades, 556, 557; sought to crush heresy, 557 ff.; character and influence, 560 ff., 596 Innocent IV., 525, 526, 580 Innocent V., 525 Inquisition, 364, 501, 539, 564, 565, 573 Inquisitors General, 560 Interdict, 369, 370, 577, 578 International peace, 503 Interpreters, 63 Investiture, 436, 442 Iona, 341 Ireland, 240, 241, 250 Irenæus, 57, 80, 86, 107, 151, 157, 177, 268, 291 Irene, 311 Isidore of Seville, 330, 333, 334, 349 Italian monasteries, 429 Italians, 394 Italy, origin of, 321; reunited with East, 296; hated Greeks and Lombards, 300; independence of, 550

J James, 78, 79, 561 Janitors, 63 Janssen, 17 Jerome, 61, 81, 165, 181, 210, 211, 213, 219, 230, 330, 485 Jerusalem, 48; massacre, 496; capture, 497 Jesus, teachings of, 49, 55, 82, 85, 101, 103; and asceticism, 200; and civil government, 289, 364; and slavery, 356; and baptism, 374 Jewish church, 46, 204 Jewish synagogue, 59; passover, 266 Jews, 189, 260, 276, 277, 358, 501 Joannes, 208 Johannus Turrecrenta, 332 John, 78, 86 John, King of England, 369, 549, 552-555 John I., 296 John II., 179, 296 John VIII., 418 John X., 419 John XI., 429 John XII., 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 419, 424 John XIII., 398, 401, 425 John XIV., 402 John XV., 379, 403 John XVI., 404 John XIX., 407, 408, 420 John of Damascus, 274, 279, 280 John of Gorz, 399 John the Greek, 402 John of Syracuse, 189 John, St., 237 John, St., order of, 512 Joseph, 46 Jovinian, 219, 220 Judaism, 476, 479 Judas Iscariot, 79 Judgment of God, 361-364 Julian, Emperor, 127, 145, 271 Julian I., 166, 171, 181 Julius Paulus, 93 Julius, Pope, 144 Jus ecclesiasticum, 589 Justin II., 185 Justinian, 179, 187, 294, 296, 397 Justin Martyr, 291 Jutes, 235 Juvenal, 46

K Katerkamp, 17 Keble, 17 Kentigern, St., 241 Kilian, 165 Knights of Emancipation, 515 Koethe, prophecy about Church history, 8 Koraish priests, 479, 480 Koran, 502 Kurtz, 17 Kylian, 243

L Lactantius, 81, 118, 220 Laity cut off from clergy, 193, 198; in 12th century, 353, 448, 451, 571, 572 Lambert, 386 Lanfranc of Canterbury, 442 Langton, Stephen, 553, 554 Las Casas, 525 Lateran Councils, 360, 408, 439, 557, 562, 563, 564 Latin, 41; used in worship, 371 Latin Christianity, 46, 400 Latin Church, 16, 255 Latin Empire of Constantinople, 498, 502 Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 502 Laurentius of Amalfi, 434 Law, imperial, controls the Church, 295 Law, study of, 503; under Innocent III., 567 Lawrence, 296 Laws of Charles the Great, 315 ff. Lay investiture, 449; origin, 457; opposition, 458; Henry IV. and, 459 ff.; compromise in 1111, 471; Concordat of Worms, 472, 545 Laying on of hands, 375 Lazarus, order of, 515 Lechfeld, battle of, 393 Lectors, 62 Legatine power, 501 Lent, 266, 370 Leo the Armenian, 282 Leo, King of Armenia, 555 Leo I., 168, 174, 182, 344, 374, 452 Leo III., the Isaurian, 277, 278 Leo III., Pope, 310, 440-441 Leo IV., 340, 364 Leo VIII., 397-398, 424 Leo IX., 424, 436, 438 Leontius, Bishop of Neapolis, 273 Lex Visigothorum, 330 Libanus, 219 Liber Pontificalis, 330 Liberatus, 349 Liberius, 145 Licinius, 116, 118, 124 Lingard, 17 Literature, bourgeois, 570-571 Liturgy, 254, 352 Lollards, 283 Lombard, Peter, 373, 378, 525, 592 Lombards, 233, 303 ff., 308, 549 Lombardy, crown of, 392, 409 Longobards, 145 Loofs, 17 Lord's Prayer, 356, 371 Lord's Supper, see Eucharist. Lothair, 319 ff. Lothair II., 336 Louis the Child, 387, 389, 420 Louis the German, 254 Louis the Pious, 216, 217, 250, 253, 255, 319 ff., 335, 363, 378, 395 Louis II., 320, 340, 341 Louis IV., 393 Louis VII., 496, 504 Louis IX., 498, 526 Louis X., 504 Lucifer, 144 Lucius, King, 73 Lucius I., 452 Ludolph, 393, 394 Luitgarde, St., 566 Luitprand, King of Lombards, 302, 399 Lull, 248 Luther, 3, 219, 434, 451, 536, 546 Lyons, 73 Lyons, Council of, 285

M Macarius, 141, 208, 213 Mæcenas, 94 Magdeburg Centuries, 332 Magellan, 505 Magna Charta, 554, 555 Magyars, 256, 391, 393, 399 Majola, abbot of Clugny, 429 Mamno of Cologne, 438 Manichæans, 105, 132, 133, 189 Marcella, 211 Marcellus, 139, 141 Marcia, 103 Marcian, 155, 156 Marco Polo, 505 Marcus Aurelius, 102 Marozia, 419 Marriage, 181, 204, 255, 266, 356, 378, 407, 420, 424, 430, 432, 436, 448, 453, 564 Marsiglio of Padua, 332 Martel, Chas., 302 Martin, St., 164 Martin of Tours, 212 Martin I., 299 Martyrs, 193, 270, 378, 380 Mary, Virgin, 46, 193, 356, 381 Mass, 189, 193, 217, 218, 352, 370, 572, 593, 594 Massacre of Jerusalem, 496 Matthew, 80 Matthias Flacius, 16 Maurice, 299 Maurus, 512 Maxentius, 115, 117, 123, 269 Maximian, 114, 115 Maximus of Salona, 368 Maximus the Thracian, 104 Maximus of Turin, 170 McGiffert, 17 Mediæval Papacy, 5, 183, 201, 234, 293, 389 Meersen, treaty of, 321 Meister Echart, 525 Melania, 210, 211 Melchiades, 331 Mercurius, St., 427 Merovingian kings, 348 Methodius, 205, 254, 255, 256 Metropolitans, 61, 337, 348, 349, 581, 582 Michael III., 254, 284 Middle Ages, 16, 198 Mieczyslav, Duke, 256 Milan, Council of, 144 Mileve, Council of, 171 Milman, 17 Milvian Bridge, 116, 117, 118, 123 Minims, 539 Miracles, 220, 501 Missionary monks, 198 Missionary zeal of Rome, 152, 153, 164, 198, 229 ff., 233, 251, 254, 255, 259, 303 Mistiwoi, 254 Moeller, 17 Mohammed, 318, 450, 476 ff. Mohammedanism, 258, 277, 278, 293, 476 ff., 482 ff. Monarchians, 134, 253 Monastery, first walled, 209 Monastic abuses, 407, 427, 516 Monastic orders, decline of, 515 Monastic Rule, 242 Monasticism, Christian, 45, 185, 190, 198, 199 ff., 204 ff., 209, 210, 211, 212, 217, 218, 220 ff., 239, 243, 249, 254, 421, 424, 429, 486, 502, 510, 516 Monk, the ideal man, 198, 199, 217, 352 Monks, 421, 517 Monotheism, 46 Montanism, 135, 136, 177, 202 Montesta, order of, 514 Moors, 514 Morality, 198, 353, 354, 563 Moravians, 254 Mosheim, 16 Moymir, 254 Müller, 17 Muratorian canon, 81 Music in worship, 193, 270, 371, 372 Mysticism, 570

N Napoleon, 4, 307, 318, 386, 399, 406, 408, 412, 470, 514 Napoleon III., 307 National churches, 322 National states, rise of, 320 Neo-Cæsarea, Council of, 163 Neo-Platonism, 199 Nepotism, 563 Nero, 84, 99, 100 Nerva, 101 Nestorian controversy, 272 Newman, 17 New Testament, 15 Nicæa, 495 Nicæa, Council of, 120, 131 ff., 142 ff., 153, 155, 162, 171, 175, 176, 178, 232, 281, 282, 293, 331, 380 Nicene Creed, 142, 143, 144, 145, 171, 234, 266, 314 Nicholas I., 255, 256, 283, 322, 332, 333, 334, 336, 340 ff., 344, 364, 389, 413, 418 Nicholas II., 360, 439, 441, 442 Nicholas of Cusa, 332 Niedner, 17 Nilus, 272, 427, 429 Nippold, 17 Nithard, 253 Norbert, St., 511 Norman conquest, 241, 362, 408 Normans, 408, 449 Northmen, 251, 385 ff. Norway, 251 Norway, King of, 449 Novatianists, 135, 156 Nuns, 352, 421 Nurses, order of, 515

O Obotrites, 388 Observants, 539 Odilo, abbot of Clugny, 429, 433 Odo, abbot of Clugny, 428 Odo of Eudes, 386, 387 Odoacer, 296 Olaf, 251, 252 Olaf the Saint, 252 Oldratus, John, 512 Old Testament, 48 Olga, Grand Duchess, 257 Oligarchy in Church of fourth century, 169 Optatus, Bishop of Mileve, 9, 73, 169 Ordeals, 361 ff. Ordination, 377 Origen, 80, 82, 86, 137, 177, 205 Orosius, 170 Orphanages, 365 Orr, 17 Orthodoxy of the West, 143, 153, 165, 181 Ostrogoths, 232, 296 Oswy, King, 239 Otgar, 335 Otto, Duke of Saxony, 390 Otto I., the Great, 126, 253, 255, 257, 258, 318, 390 ff., 420, 421, 424, 425, 443, 487 Otto II., 253, 394, 401 ff., 425 Otto III., 402 ff., 420, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 430 Otto IV., 550 Otto of Brunswick, 550

P Pachomius, 209 Pachomius, Rule of, 212 Pagan and Christian Rome, 55 Paganism, 113, 120, 127, 128, 149, 180, 190, 247, 252, 501 Palæmon, 209 Palestine creed, 142 Pallium, 576 Palmers, 485 Pammachus, St., 365 Pantheon, 378, 380 Papa, or Pope, 173 Papacy, rise of, 148, 159, 160, 164 ff., 169, 175, 176, 177, 182, 189, 193, 259, 284, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 306, 309, 320 ff., 336, 339, 340, 370, 404, 406, 412-414, 419, 423, 440, 441, 517, 549, 561, 566, 569 Papacy, decline of, 389, 394, 410, 419, 420, 434, 559 Papacy and Empire, 391 Papal constitution, 337, 445 Papal court, 580, 590 Papal hierarchy, 143, 176, 299, 344, 575 Papal penitentiary, 589, 590 Papal theory of relation of Church and state, 316, 413, 569 Papias, 80, 86 Paris, Council of, 334 Parish, 365, 387 Paschal II., 429, 471, 472, 545 Paschal III., 315 Paschasius Radbertus, 372 Pastor, 17 Pastoraux, 506 Patriarch of Constantinople, 296 Patriarch, 61; of the West, 143, 156, 349 Patriarchs of the East, 156 Patrician of Rome, 308, 410 Patrick, St., 240, 241 "Patrimony of St. Peter," origin, 307, 394 Paul, 46, 54, 72, 73, 74, 77, 79, 84, 86, 87, 100, 148, 151, 170, 248, 290, 356, 364, 440 Paul of Nola, 211 Paul of Thebes, 203, 205 Paul II., 581 Paula, 210, 211 Paulina, 365 Peace, international, 503 Peace of God, 358 Peace, universal, 46 Pelagius, 171, 173, 297, 298, 299 Pelagius II., 187, 298 Penalties, 367 Penance, 352, 370, 375, 376, 595, 596 Penitential books, 376 Pepin, 248, 300, 303, 304, 306, 363, 372 Perry, 17 Persecution, 99 ff., 108, 116, 119, 152, 157, 203, 560 Persius, 46 Peter, 57, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 100, 151, 153, 159, 166, 170, 237, 239, 246, 259, 284, 290, 336, 343, 433, 440, 448, 451, 561 Peter of Alexandria, 81 Peter Comester, 332 Peter of Corbeil, 545 Peter the Great, 318 Peter the Hermit, 490, 493 Peter and Paul, 151 Peter Waldo, 559 Peter's primacy, 78, 79, 151, 170 Peter's See, 159 Petrine theory, 76, 77, 82, 85, 87, 107, 169, 170, 175, 177, 188, 337, 544 Pharisees, 44 Philip, 61 Philip I., 494 Philip IV., 514 Philip VI., 504 Philip the Arabian, 104 Philip Augustus, 369, 497, 549, 551, 577 Philip of Hohenstaufen, 550 Philosophy of early Christians, 202 Photius, 257, 283, 343 Piacenza, Council of, 489 Pictures, 270 Picts, 241 Pierre de Bruys, 558 Pilgrimages, 161, 193, 270, 367, 484, 485, 486, 501 Pindar, 43 Plato, 43, 48 Pliny, governor of Bithynia, 290 Pluralism, 563, 565 Plutarch, 47 Poitiers, synod of, 358 Poland, 449 Poles, 253, 388 Polycarp, 155, 177 Polytheism, 46 Pontifex Maximus, 149, 152, 160, 289, 292 Poor Catholics, 519 Poor Clares, 530 Poorhouses, 365 "Poor Man," 519 Poor Men of Lyons, 519, 560 Pope favours kingship of Pepin, 304 Popes, 61, 154, 159, 173, 180, 233, 234, 259, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 302, 310, 312, 314, 316, 322, 336, 347, 348, 349, 355, 358, 394, 418, 423, 443, 488, 571, 575, 576 Popes, German, 445 Pornocracy, 419 Prayers for the dead, 220 Preaching, 371, 591 Precentor, 63 Prémontré, order of, 511 Presbyter, 57, 60 Priesthood, elevation of, 161; constitutes the Church, 339 Priests, 218; freed from secular courts, 338; duties, 352, 353, 421; in conflict with monks 517, 586 Primates, 348, 581, 582 Prince Edward, 498 Pro-Petrine view, 77 Property of Pope, 306 Property renounced, 204 Protestant historians, 17, 76 Protestant revolt, 131 Protestant revolution, 131, 321 Provinces, 349 Prussians, 249 Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals, 284, 326 ff., 389, 418, 436, 448, 544, 548, 567, 589 Purgatory, 266, 352, 381, 560, 596 Puritans, Arabic, 479 Pusey, 17 Pythagoreans, 199

R Radbert, 593 Radbod, 243, 244, 245 Radislaw, 254 Raimbold, Archb., 360 Ratherius, 399 Rathod, 333, 335, 336, 341, 342 Raymond, Count of Toulouse, 489, 494, 495, 516, 561, 562 Raymond of Puy, 512 Recollects, 539 Reformation, 3, 199, 203, 242, 296, 306, 355, 404, 406, 410, 423 ff., 429, 436, 437, 448, 450, 451, 490, 502, 510, 518, 526, 544, 563, 565, 571 Relics, 161, 191, 193, 220, 245, 270, 306, 354, 378, 379, 380, 488, 501, 563, 572 Religion, definition of, 6 Religiosi, 217 Remini, Canons of, 294 Renaissance, 505, 526 Remould, St., 429, 430 Resemblances and differences of Eastern and Western Churches, 286 Richard I., 497, 549 Riculfus, 335 Rimbert, 251 Ritual, 161, 254, 255, 449, 591 Robanus Maurus, 372 Robert d'Arbrissel, 491, 511 Robert of Apulia, 459 Robert of Flanders, 494, 495 Robert of Molesme, 511 Robert of Normandy, 494, 495 Robertson, 17 Rochis, 216 Roman bishop becomes Pope, 193 Roman Catholic belief, 76 Roman Church, 77, 107, 150, 152, 153, 160, 164, 176, 231, 233, 239, 251, 257, 266, 295, 296, 300, 301, 344, 347, 365, 560, 574 Roman constitution, 289 Roman Emperor, 161 Roman Empire, 40, 95, 98, 112, 148, 161, 295, 312, 401 Roman hierarchy, 149 ff. Roman language, 149, 190 Roman religion, 42 Roman see, 160 Romans, 398 Rome, 40, 48, 55, 148, 150, 159 Rome, Council of, 295 Romould, St., 431, 432 Rothe, 17 Rouen, St., 523 Rudolph of Swabia, 466 ff. Rufinus, 211 Russia, 449 Russians, 253, 257, 388 Rutilius, 219

S Sabbath, 255 Sabellians, 136, 137 Sabinian, 299 Sacerdotal class, 63 Sacramentaries, 372 Sacraments, 352, 370, 371, 372 ff., 592 ff. Sadducees, 44 Saints, 193, 270, 354, 501 Saint-worship, 378, 379 Saladin, 497 Sallust, 46 Salvation, 366 Samaritans, 45 Saracens, 308, 385, 388, 401, 419, 484 Sardica, Council of, 144, 165, 166, 171, 178, 181 Savonarola, 525 Saxons, 234, 249, 258, 308, 309, 318, 450 Schaff, 17 Schenkel, 17 Schism, 143, 156, 165 Schmidt, 16 Scholasticism, 526 Schools, 247 Schools of Rome, 48 Schroeckh, 16 Scotland, 241 Sebaldus, St., 250 Sects, rise of, 132, 157 Seculares, 218 See of Rome, 301 Seligenstadt, Council of, 590 Seljukian Turks, 485 Semi-Arians, 141, 142 Semish, 17 Semler, 16 Senators, 59 Seneca, 47 Separation of clergy and laity, 63 Separation of East and West, 143 Separation of Roman and Greek churches, 265, 285 Septimus Severus, 103 Serfdom, 504, 505 Sergius II., 340 Serviten, 512 Severinus, 244 Severus, 255 Shedd, 17 Sheldon, 17 Shrines, 378 Simeon, 46, 429 Simeon Stylites, 210 Simon de Monfort, 562 Simon Magnus, 81 Simony, 189, 407, 411, 421, 424, 426, 427, 430, 432, 436, 437, 439, 442, 448, 450, 455 ff., 545, 564 Siricius, 173, 181, 220 Sirmium, Council of, 144 Sixtus V., 441 Slaves, 119, 190, 290, 356 Slave trade, 190 Slavic Church, 254, 255 Slavs, 253, 258, 308, 385, 388, 392, 399 Socrates, 15, 117 Soldiers of Jesus Christ, 525 Sophocles, 43 Soter, 80 Sources of history, 12-15 Sovereign power of Pope, 306 Spain, 449 Spanheim, 16 Spanish Church, 181 Spiritales, 338, 538 Stanley, 17 State and church, 545 States, 290, 423 "States of the Church," 307 Stephanus, King, 257 Stephen, 61, 156, 160 Stephen II., 305, 307 Stephen IV., 440 Stephen VI., 364, 386, 419 Stephen IX., 438 Stephen of Chartres, 494 Stephen of Lisiac, 510 Stephen of Tigerno, 510 Stephen of Tournai, 332 Stolberg, 17 Strauss, 17 Stubbs, 17 Sturm, abbot, 248 Suetonius, 95 Suevi, 232 Suidbert, 249 Sulpicius Severus, 16 Sunday, 120, 237 Superstitions of Europe, 487, 501 Suso, Henry, 525 Sutri, Council of, 410 Swabians, 243 Sweden, 253 Swen, King, 251, 449 Swidbert, 165 Sylverius, 296 Sylvester II., 257, 364, 404, 406, 410, 425, 426, 488 Symmachus, 296 Synods, 162, 352 Syriac Church, 81

T Tacitus, 46, 73, 95, 99, 101 Tanchelm, 558 Tancred, 494 Tauler, John, 525 Templars, 502 Temporal power of the Papacy, 301, 302 Temporal power subject to papal, 559 Tertullian, 57, 71, 73, 80, 84, 86, 106, 107, 137, 152, 159, 205, 268, 372, 381 Teutonic Knights, 502, 514 Teutonic Order, 250 Teutonic-Roman Church, 233, 234 Theodatus, 297 Theodora, 282, 419 Theodore, 139 Theodore of Canterbury, 377 Theodoret, 168 Theodoric, 296 Theodorus, 239 Theodosian Code, 296 Theodosius I., 128, 179 Theodosius II., 294 Theophano, 399, 401, 402 Theophilus, 331 Theosophists, 45 Therapeutæ, 200, 209 Third Estate in France, 504 Thirteenth century, 569 Thougbrand, 252 Thomas à Becket, 545 Tiberius, 71 Tithes, 574 Tithing, unjust, 436 Titus, 100 Toledo, synod of, 358 Toleration, edict of, in 311, 118 Tonsure, 64, 237, 266 Torres, 333 Tours, battle of, 258, 482 Tours, Council of, 437 Tozer, 17 Trajan, 98, 101 Transubstantiation, 370, 564, 593 Travel, 42 Treaties, 563 Treves, synod of, 591 Tribur, Council of, 463 Trinitarians, 139, 141 Trinity, 246 Trinity, order of the, 514 Troyes, Council of, 471 Truce of God, 359 ff., 369, 409, 429, 490, 503 Trudbert, 243 Turks, 286 Tyre, Council of, 294

U Ulfilas, 232 Ulpian, 104 Ulrich, 379 Union of Celtic and Roman churches, 239 Union of Church and state, 293 Union of Rome and Greece, 265, 266 Unity of belief, 157 Unity of the Church, 564 Universal Church, 185 Unni, 251 Urban II., 360, 429, 470, 489, 490, 514, 545 Urban VIII., 581 Ursinus, 295

V Valens, 128, 219 Valentinian I., 128, 171, 179 Valentinian II., 128 Valentinian III., 167, 184, 294 Valerian, 105 Vallombrosians, 431 Vandals, 145, 232 Vaughan, 17 Venice, Patriarch of, 449 Verdun, massacre of, 249 Verdun, treaty of, 320, 321 Vespasian, 100 Victor, 155, 157, 160, 331 Victor III., 422, 470 Vienna, 73 Vigilantius, 220 Vigillus, 297, 299 Vincent Ferrier, 525 Vinland, 252 Virgin Mary, 193 Visigothic Code, 296 Visigoths, 232, 233 Visitors in the Church, 296 Vitalian, 371 Viterbo, 560 Vladimir, 257 Vulgate, 181, 237, 330, 331, 372

W Waddington, 17 Waldenses, 560, 572 Walter of Cologne, 493 Walter the Penniless, 493 Wends, 253, 254, 388 Werenfrid, 244 West Franks, 399 Western Church, 160, 171, 231, 266, 295, 297, 298 Whitby, Council of, 239 Whitsunday, 375 Wiclif, 332, 451 Widows, order of, 204 Widukind, 399 Wilfred, 239 Wilfrid, 165 Willibrord, 165, 243, 245, 250 William of Bavaria, 431 William of Burgundy, 449 William the Conqueror, 450, 494 William of Normandy, 442 Willibald, 248 Worms, synod of, 363 Worship, 352 Wulfram, 244

Y Yngrin, 250

Z Zachariah, 46 Zacharias, 304, 305 Zealots, 45 Zeller, 17 Zephyrinus, 160, 331 Zeus, 43 Zosimus, 167

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Pages ii, iv, viii, and xiv are blank in the original.

On page 21, under "3.—Creeds, Liturgies, and Hymns", entry number (9.) is missing in the original.

The outlines of Sources for Chapter VI. on pages 108-111 and for Chapter XXI. on pages 539-543 are not in logical order. The outlines are displayed as printed.

The following corrections have been made to the text:

Page xii: VII.—[emdash missing in original]Nicholas I.

Page 15: III.—Works of art copied from originals.[period missing in original]

Page 19: Comparative View of the Doctrines and Confessions of Christendom. Edinb., 1887.[period missing in original]

Page 20: Mirbt, C., Quellen zur Geschichte des Papsttums[original has Papsthums].

Page 21: Collectio Confessionum in Ecclesiis Reformatis Publicatarum. Leipz., 1840.[period missing in original]

Page 23: Rerum Italicarum Scriptores.[original has a comma] Mil., 1723-51.

Page 24: 14.—[emdash missing in original]Migne, J. P., Patrologiæ Cursus Completus.

Page 24: Bibliothèque de Théologie Historique. Paris,[original has period] 1906 ff.

Page 26: see Alzog, i., § 17; Schaff,[comma missing in original] i., 29.

Page 26: wrote a History of the Langobards[original has Langobords]

Page 26: Haymo (d. 853), bishop of Halberstädt[original has Halderstadt]

Page 28: bishop of Meaux, wrote a "Discourse on Universal History."[quotation mark missing in original]

Page 31: 10.—Baur (d. 1860),[original has a period] professor in Tübingen

Page 31: Best ed. by Bury.[period missing in original] Lond., 1896.

Page 32: 2.—Shedd[original has extraneous comma] (d. 1894), professor

Page 43: yet were omnipotent and omniscient[original has omniscent]

Page 49: Virgil (70-19 B.C.),[original has a period] Works.

Page 65: See Chap. III. of this work.[period missing in original]

Page 66: Cyprian (d. 258?), Works. Ib., viii.[period missing in original]; xiii., 1-264

Page 66: Ante-Nic. Christ. Lib., xvii. Am.[original has a comma] ed., vii.

Page 67: Apostolical Canons.[original has a comma] Tr. by R. C. Jenkins.

Page 67: In his Works, vii.[period missing in original]-ix.

Page 68: Farrar, F. W., The Early Days of Christianity. N. Y.,[comma missing in original] 1882.

Page 70: Schaff, i., 187-217,[original has a semicolon] 432-506.

Page 80: named Peter and Paul as Neronian[original has Neroian] martyrs

Page 82: Eccl.[original has extraneous semicolon] Hist., v., c. 6

Page 88: xii., 326, 379, 451, 452;[original has a period] Am. ed., ii.

Page 109: Aurelius, Meditations[original has extraneous period], xi., 3.

Page 110: Butler, ch. 6[original has extraneous period]-8.

Page 110: Foulks[original has Foulks], ch. 1-3.

Page 111: Robertson, bk. i., ch.[period missing in original] 1-3, 5-7.

Page 113: the daughter of an innkeeper[original has innkeepea]

Page 130: Croke[original has Crake], ch. 12-16.

Page 138: that the Son is Logos[original has Logus] in soul

Page 146: Philostorgius, Epitome[original has Eptiome] of Ecclesiastical History.

Page 146: I.—SPECIAL:[semicolon missing in original]

Page 147: The Arian Controversy. N. Y., 1889. Ch.[original has ch.] 1, 2.

Page 165: Willibrord[original has Willebrord] around Utrecht

Page 194: Best in Ante-Nic. Christ. Lib., vol. 17.[period missing in original]

Page 196: Platina[original has Platnia], B., Lives of the Popes.

Page 227: Day, S. P., Monastic Institutions. Lond.,[comma missing in original] 1865.

Page 227: Fosbroke, T. D., British Monachism. 3d[original has extraneous period] ed.

Page 262: Haddan[original has Haddon], A. W., and Stubbs, W.

Page 263: Pelzel and Dabrowsky, Rerum Bohemic.[original has Bohemis]

Page 263: Potthast,[comma missing in original] Regesta

Page 275: Tertullian[original has Turtullian] (192), quoting the second

Page 275: Minucius[original has Minutius] Felix (220) argued

Page 276: but still justified the use of images.[276:8][FN anchor was numbered 7 in the original]

Page 279: full of the most ludicrous[original has ludricrous] historical blunders

Page 320: By the treaty of Verdun in 843,[original has a period]

Page 323: Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum[original has Conciliorrum]

Page 324: Mann, H. K., The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages.[period missing in original]

Page 324: Pressensé[original has Pressense], E. de, History of Church and State.

Page 333: carried to Rome by Rathod[original has Rothod] in 864

Page 340: A sumptuous[original has sumptous] feast was then served

Page 345: Freib.[original has Frieb.], 1884

Page 357: but called Christian[original has Chrstian] slaves brothers

Page 362: Clement III., Celestine[original has Celestin] III., and Innocent III.

Page 363: Hildebrand and Henry IV. at Canossa[original has Canosa]

Page 364: Alexander III., Celestine[original has Celestin] III., Honorius III.

Page 373: Areopagite[original has Areopagita] believed in six

Page 382: Pertz, et al., Monumenta Germaniæ[original has Germanæ] Historica.

Page 382: Pflugh-Harttung[original has Pflug-Harttung], J. v., Acta Pontificum Romanorum Inedita.

Page 390: curtailment of their prerogatives.[original has a comma]

Page 408: but ten years[original has an extraneous comma] later he was forced

Page 412: or of innumerable[original has inumerable] local contests

Page 413: ideal theory, united[original has untied] the Church and the state

Page 415: Ausgewählte[original has Ausgewhälte] Urkunden zur Erläuterung der Verfassungsgeschichte Deutschlands im Mittelalter

Page 415: Die Geschichtsschreiber[original has Geschictschreiber] der deutschen Vorzeit.

Page 415: Die Kaiserurkunden[original has Kaiserkunden] des X., XI., und XII., Jahrhunderts Chronologisch verzeichnet

Page 416: Giesebrecht[original has Giesbrecht], W. V., Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit.

Page 416: 5.--Langen, Geschichte der römischen Kirche.[period missing in original]

Page 417: Darras[original has Darrus], ii., 358, 580.

Page 417: Gilmartin, i.[period missing in original], 31.

Page 417: Hallam, ch. 1, pt. 1;[original has a comma] ch. 3, pt. 1.

Page 435: whose bishops and priests[original has persist] were given to luxury

Page 450: account for his simoniacal[original has simonaical] practices

Page 456: King to destroy "[quotation mark missing in original]this heresy so detestable

Page 464: had even persuaded[original has pursuaded] the Countess Matilda

Page 467: Henry IV. laid siege[original has seige] to Rome

Page 478: which rejected polytheism and preached asceticism[original has aceticism]

Page 483: Salerno besieged[original has beseiged] (873)

Page 495: They laid siege[original has seige] to Nicæa

Page 509: Chantrel, per. 4,[comma missing in original] ch. 1, 2.

Page 526: occupied a chair in the University[original has Univeristy] of Paris

Page 529: and to preach the word of God.[period missing in original]

Page 531: even attempted to win the Sultan himself.[original has a comma]

Page 540: There were two entries numbered "16." The second 16 has been changed to 17, and the 17 has been changed to 18.

Page 541: Adderley[original has Adderly], J., Francis, the Little Poor Man of Assisi.

Page 542: Alzog,[original has a period] ii., 507-522.

Page 542: Fisher, pd.[original has extraneous comma] 6, ch. 6.

Page 550: When Emperor Otto IV.[original has extraneous comma] ceded all the lands

Page 553: reinstatement of the Bishop of Limoges[original has Limouges]

Page 554: paying therefore[original has therefor] the annual sum of one thousand marks

Page 556: in fulfilment of their bargain[original has bargin] with the Venetians

Page 559: taught asceticism[original has ascetism], denounced the vice

Page 562: war with Simon de Montfort[original has Monfort] as leader

Page 566: left behind him so many results pregnant[original has pregant] with good

Page 568: Gregorovius[original has Gregorovious], bk. ix., ch. 1-3.

Page 609: Bogoris[original has Bogaris], Duke, 256

Page 610: Childeric[original has Childerick] III., 304

Page 610: Church,[comma missing in original] Christian, sources on, 12

Page 610: Pepin,[comma missing in original] 303

Page 611: Clarenins[original has Clarenius], 538

Page 611: Columba, 164, 241[original has 241, 264]

Page 616: Jewish synagogue[original has synogogue], 59

Page 620: Poorhouses[original has Poor-houses], 365

Page 620: Pro-Petrine[original has Pro-Pertine] view, 77

Page 620: Raimbald[original has Raimbold], Archb., 360

Page 621: Semisch[original has Semish], 17

Page 623: Willibrord[original has Willebrord], 165, 243, 245, 250

[40:1] Merivale, i., ch. 1[original has extraneous period]; iv., ch. 39

[41:6] Davidson, Aristotle, bk. 1[original has extraneous period], ch. 4

[41:6] University Life in Ancient Athens, ch. 1[original has extraneous period]; Newman, Hist. Sketches, ch. 4[original has extraneous period]

[43:5] Hatch, The[original has extraneous comma] Greek Influence on Christianity.

[44:1] Schürer, Hist.[period missing in original] of Jewish People; Milman, Hist.[period missing in original] of the Jews

[44:4] Josephus, Antiq., XVIII., i.[original has xviii., 1], 4.

[45:3] John iv., 4;[original has a comma] viii., 48

[80:9] Footnote number added by transcriber.

[97:2] Origen[original has Origin], Against Celsus

[100:2] Transl. and Rep.[original has Ref.], iv., 6

[100:5] Transl. and Ref.[original has Ref.], iv., 6-8

[124:3] Eutropius, Breviarium[original has Breviarum], x., 4.

[133:1] Pressensé[original has Pressense], Her. and Chr. Doctrine

[134:2] See History of Doctrine[italics added for consistency] by Fisher, Shedd, Sheldon, Hagenbach, Baur, Loofs, and Harnack[original has Harnach]

[141:2] Moeller, i., 336, suggests Eustathius[original has Eustachius] of Antioch

[143:1] Cf. Hefele[name in italics in original], i., 355 ff.

[185:1] Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers[and is not in italics in original], 2d ser., xii.

[207:3] Evagrius, Ch. Hist.[period missing in original], i., 13, 21

[231:1] Neander, Light in Dark Places, 417.[period missing in original]

[235:2] Haddan[original has Haddon] and Stubbs, i., 22-26

[235:5] Haddan[original has Haddon] and Stubbs, iii., 5

[238:2] Haddan[original has Haddon] and Stubbs, iii., 40.

[241:1] Haddan[original has Haddon] and Stubbs, ii., 103

[252:1] Heimskringla[original has Hermskringla]: Chronicle of the Norse Kings.

[267:5] Joseph.[period missing in original], Antiq. xv., 8, 12

[269:2] De Cor. Mil., c. iii.[original reads De Cor. Mil, c.. iii.]

[269:3] Paed., iii., 11[original has extraneous period], § 59.

[272:1] Contra Judae. et Gentil.[period missing in original], § 9; see Neander,[comma missing in original] ii., 286.

[276:7] Ib., l., xxx.[original has xxxl.], 39.

[278:2] Neander, iii.[period missing in original], 213.

[305:4] (See Smith and Cheetham[original has Cheatham].)

[306:3] Migne, cxxviii.[period missing in original], 1099.

[316:1] Translations and Reprints?[original has comma question mark]

[319:1] Louis, the youngest, had Aquitaine[original has Aquataine], Gascony

[332:4] Defensor[original has Dejensor] Pacis, ii., c. 28

[358:5] Balmes;[original has a comma] Brace

[367:3] Lea, Stud. in Ch. Hist.[period missing in original], 236.

[370:3] Moeller, ii., 113.[period missing in original]

[371:2] Wattenbach, Deutschl.[original has Deutschal.] Geschichtsq., i., 134.

[397:2] [footnote number added by transcriber.] Thatcher and McNeal, No. 55.[original has Th atcher and Mc²Neal, No. 55.]

[409:1] Steindorff, Jahrb.[original has a comma] d. Deutsch. Reichs unter Heinrich[original has an extraneous comma] III.

[410:2] Giesebrecht[original has Giesbrecht], ii., 643

[419:2] Pertz,[original has P] v., 297

[425:2] Olleris,[original has Ollaris and the comma is missing] Œuvres de Gerbert.

[432:1] Giseke, Die Hirschauer während[original has wärend] des Investiturstreites[original has Investtiurstreites], 1883.

[433:1] Neukirch,[original has a semicolon] Das Leben des Peter Damiani

[437:4] Ibid.;[original has a comma] Bonizo, 806.

[491:1] Potthast[original has Pothast], Bib. Hist., ii., 550.

[519:1] Wattenbach, Geschichtsquellen,[original has a period] ii., 308, 520.

[546:1] Migne[original has Migni], vol. 217

[546:1] Mysteriorum Evangelicæ Legis et Sacramenti Eucharistiæ[original has Sacratnenti Eucharistcæ]

[547:2] Gesta Inn. III., sec.[original has extraneous comma] ii.

[556:4] Ep.[original has Epp.], vii., 164

[561:1] Ep.,[comma missing in original] vol. ii., 335.

[563:6] Murat, vii.,[comma missing in original] 893

[579:2] Agnel, Curiosités[original has Curiosites] Judiciaires du Moyen-Âge

[595:1] Wasserschleben, Bussordnung[original has Bussordunung], Halle, 1851.

In the index, where semicolons were used instead of commas between page numbers, the semicolons have been replaced with commas.