ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES

Didelphis marsupialis Opossum

The opossum occurs throughout Tamaulipas but is commonest in the south, especially in the areas of tropical forest and along water courses. Most of the specimens examined were caught in steel traps baited with remains of small animals (mostly mammals and birds, but one trap was baited with the head of a black bass). At Villa Mainero five individuals were caught in one night in five of seven traps scented with spilogale musk. These traps were set in runways along a thick thorn-brush fence, which separated a cornfield from thorn-brush desert. Along the Río Purificación 36 kilometers north and 10 kilometers west of Victoria an opossum was eaten in a trap by a small carnivore, probably a felid judging from tracks around the trap.

A female with 14 pouch young was taken in June in the Sierra de Tamaulipas and weighed 1350 grams; a March-taken female with nine small young in her pouch, from Soto la Marina, weighed 1800 grams. A male from the Sierra de Tamaulipas also weighed 1800 grams.

Didelphis marsupialis californica Bennett

1833. Didelphis Californica Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 40, May 17, type locality restricted to Sonora by Hershkovitz (infra).

1951. Didelphis marsupialis californica, Hershkovitz Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31(47):548, July 10.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southeastern part of state, north at least to Soto la Marina.

In studying Tamaulipan specimens, I was mindful that Hershkovitz (1951:550) regarded all opossums of this species in México as a single subspecies, even though J. A. Allen (1901) recognized two subspecies in the northeastern part of the Republic. According to Allen (p. 172), D. m. texensis (to which he ascribed a distribution in Texas and adjoining Tamaulipas) was described as: "Similar in coloration to D. marsupialis (typica) [D. m. californica], but with a relatively longer tail, longer nasals, usually terminating posteriorly in an acute angle, instead of being rounded or more or less abruptly truncated on the posterior border." The available material from Tamaulipas can be divided into two groups on the basis of shape and proportion of the nasals. In opossums from the southeast the nasals are truncate posteriorly and average 47.0 (45.1-48.4) per cent of the condylobasal length, whereas in specimens from elsewhere the nasals are acute posteriorly and average 50.7 (49.7-51.8) per cent of the condylobasal length. Tentatively, therefore, I follow Allen in recognizing two subspecies in northeastern México.

I note no especial difference in length of tail between texensis and californica. Hooper (1951:3) followed Hershkovitz in reporting as californica a specimen from Rancho del Cielo; to me, specimens from this area are referable to texensis.

One of the specimens from two miles south and 10 miles west of Piedra (54917) has a supernumerary tooth lingual and anterior to the last upper molar. The tooth is small (2.7 mm. long) and peglike.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 8: 3 mi. N Soto la Marina, 1; 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 12,000 ft., 7.

Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:234); Altamira (J. A. Allen, 1901:167).

Didelphis marsupialis texensis J. A. Allen

1901. Didelphis marsupialis texensis J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Hist., 14:172, June 15, type from Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Northern, central and southwestern parts of state.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 7: San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 2; 36 km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria (1 km. E El Barretal), on Río Purificación, 1; 12 km. N, 4 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel (12 km. S Llera), 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 1; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 1.

Additional records: Matamoros (J. A. Allen, 1901:173); El Mulato, San Carlos Mts. (Dice, 1937:249); Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:3).

Philander opossum pallidus (J. A. Allen) Four-eyed Opossum

1901. Metachirus fuscogriseus pallidus J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:215, July 3, type from Orizaba, Veracruz.

1955. Philander opossum pallidus, Miller and Kellogg, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 205:8, March 3.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from along eastern side of Sierra Madre Oriental, north to vicinity of La Purisima.

In Tamaulipas, the four-eyed opossum is seemingly common at relatively low elevations in the Tropical Deciduous Forest along the eastern side of the Sierra Madre Oriental, but the species is not restricted to this area as one specimen is available from a place seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima, in the drier forest of west-central Tamaulipas. The highest elevation at which individuals have been taken in the state is approximately 2500 feet.

Specimens obtained two kilometers west of El Carrizo were caught in steel traps that were baited with the bodies of small birds and mammals and that were set in trails leading through a fence of piled logs that separated a cornfield from adjacent forest. At Rancho Pano Ayuctle, some individuals were trapped in steel sets baited with scraps of meat; others were shot at night in the forest along the Río Sabinas. Schaldach reported in his notes that four-eyed opossums robbed trap lines set for small mammals at Rancho Pano Ayuctle. W. W. Dalquest trapped an individual seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima using the body of an armadillo as bait. The natives of southern Tamaulipas refer to this animal as "tlacuache cuatrojos."

Tamaulipan specimens of P. o. pallidus differ from topotypes and other specimens from the vicinity of the type locality in averaging somewhat paler dorsally and slightly smaller in cranial dimensions when specimens of equal age are compared. They differ also in having a longer terminal area of white on the tail, 53.1 per cent (43.3-62.8) of the length of the tail in 13 specimens from Tamaulipas, and 38.7 (30.9-48.2) per cent in 14 specimens from the vicinity of the type locality of pallidus in Veracruz; specimens from northern Veracruz are intermediate between the two mentioned populations in amount of white on the tail. Baker (1951:210) noted that the specimens from two kilometers west of El Carrizo had "proportionately longer tails than typical P. o. pallidus from central Veracruz," but I do not find this character to be consistent in the more abundant material now available.

Measurements.—External and cranial measurements of three adults, a male and female from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and a male from two kilometers west of El Carrizo, respectively, are as follows: 577, 580, 568; 294, 288, 290; 46, 43, 43; 40, 42, 37; condylobasal length, ——, 70.1, 69.9; palatal length, 43.2, 42.3, 41.9; lambdoidal breadth, 23.6, 22.0, 22.7; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 29.5, 28.4, 29.0.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 15: 7 km. SW La Purisima, 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N Mante and 3 km. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 7; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 3; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2500 ft., 3 (one specimen deposited in Instituto de Biología, México).

Marmosa mexicana mexicana Merriam Mexican Mouse-opossum

1897. Marmosa murina mexicana Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:44, March 16, type from Juquila, 1500 m., Oaxaca.

1902. Marmosa mexicana, Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39:19, April.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:3) in southwestern part of state.

Marmosa has been reported from Tamaulipas only by Goodwin (1954:3), who examined "15 rami, and one fragment of maxillary" that were found in a cave. Possibly they were remains from owl pellets.

Sorex saussurei saussurei Merriam Saussure's Shrew

1892. Sorex saussurei Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 7:173, September 29, type from N slope Sierra Nevada de Colima, approximately 8000 ft., Jalisco.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from Miquihuana.

Jackson (1928:156) reported four specimens from Miquihuana, which he incorrectly located in Nuevo León.

Cryptotis parva berlandieri (Baird) Least Shrew

1858. Blarina berlandieri Baird, Mammals, in Repts. Expl. Surv. ..., 8(1):53, July 14, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.

1941. Cryptotis parva berlandieri, Davis, Jour. Mamm., 22:413, November 13.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Throughout state.

A female taken on July 5, one mile south of Altamira, carried three embryos 5 mm. in crown-rump length. A female from the same locality and another taken on June 6 in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating. Weight of each of six males was 5.0 grams.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 9: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 1 mi. S Altamira, 8.

Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:53); 9 km. N Rancho Tigre (Goodwin, 1954:3).

Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis Jackson Slender Small-eared Shrew

1933. Cryptotis pergracilis pueblensis Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 46:79, April 27, type from Huachinango, 5000 ft., Puebla.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from Aserradero del Paraiso.

The only report from Tamaulipas of this small shrew is that of Goodwin (1954:3) who listed a cranium and mandible, possibly of the same individual, found on the floor of a cave. Goodwin referred the remains to pueblensis because of the "noticeably broader and heavier rostrum than in ... C. parva berlandieri from Rancho Tigre."

Cryptotis mexicana madrea Goodwin Mexican Small-eared Shrew

1954. Cryptotis mexicana madrea Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1670:1, June 28, type from Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi. NW Gómez Farías, 3500 ft., Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from the type locality and vicinity thereof.

This subspecies is known only from two complete specimens, six crania and four rami collected in two different localities—the type locality and Aserradero del Infernillo, only seven kilometers from the type locality. All the specimens were examined and reported by Goodwin (1954:1; 1954:4). The type specimen "was taken in a low section of an overgrown ditch" and the other complete specimen was trapped in a stone wall that separated an orchard from a pasture. The six skulls were found in owl pellets.

Notiosorex crawfordi (Coues) Crawford's Desert Shrew

1877. Sorex (Notiosorex) crawfordi Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territories, 3:651, May 15, type from near old Fort Bliss, approximately 2 mi. above El Paso, El Paso Co., Texas.

1895. Notiosorex crawfordi, Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:32, Dec. 31.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from two localities in southwestern part of state.

The two specimens examined were collected in July, one in tropical forest and the other in pine-oak forest; each was a lactating female and each weighed 5 grams.

Judging from Merriam's (1895:32) description, the two females differ from the type and three specimens from San Diego, Texas, in having a unicolored tail and in being slightly larger externally. When more abundant material is available the Notiosorex crawfordi of northeastern México probably will be found to represent a new subspecies; for the present I follow Findley (1955:616) in referring Tamaulipan specimens to N. crawfordi.

Measurements.—External measurements of the specimens from Jaumave and Palmillas, respectively: 90, 90; 28, 31; 11, 11.5; 8, 8. For cranial measurements see Findley (1955:32).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 2: Jaumave, 2400 ft., 1; Palmillas, 4400 ft., 1.

Scalopus inflatus Jackson Tamaulipan Mole

1914. Scalopus inflatus Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27:21, February 2, type from Tamaulipas, 45 miles from Brownsville, Texas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from the type locality.

Scalopus inflatus is known only from the type specimen, which is imperfect and lacks complete data according to Jackson (1914:21). The type locality is in Tamaulipas, 45 miles from Brownsville, Texas, but the exact direction from Brownsville is unknown; probably the locality was on the road between that town and San Fernando, Tamaulipas, which is south-southwest of Brownsville.

Pteronotus rubiginosus mexicanus (Miller) Mustached Bat

1902. Chilonycteris mexicana Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 54:401, September 12, type from San Blas, Nayarit.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern part of state in areas of tropical forest.

Most individuals of this species were taken in mist nets. Northwest of El Encino for example, bats were collected from a net placed in "a strategic position across a narrow opening" (Schaldach, fieldnotes) in a cave near the headwaters of the Río Sabinas; along the same river at Rancho Pano Ayuctle some were taken in a net stretched across a little creek (arroyo). In the cave near El Encino the collector (Schaldach) estimated the population of P. rubiginosus at between two and three hundred; at Ojo de Agua this bat was found in the deepest part of a cave in association with Myotis nigricans.

Two June-taken females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating, and weighed 17 and 18 grams.

The generic name Pteronotus is employed instead of Chilonycteris following Burt and Stirton (1961:24-25). The specific name rubiginosus is used in accordance with de la Torre (1955:696). Tamaulipan specimens are assigned to P. r. mexicana because they do not differ from specimens of that subspecies from Nayarit, except that the coloration of Tamaulipan specimens averages slightly darker in both color phases.

Specimens of this subspecies from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, previously recorded by Anderson (1956:349), are the northernmost reported in eastern México.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 31: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 mi. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 3; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El Mante, and 3 km. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 2; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 22.

Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:4): Aserradero del Paraiso; El Pachón.

Pteronotus davyi fulvus (Thomas) Davy's Naked-backed Bat

1892. Chilonycteris davyi fulvus Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 10:410, November, type from Las Peñas, Jalisco.

1912. Pteronotus davyi fulvus, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79:33, December 31.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from the two localities reported in this paper.

According to field-notes of Schaldach et al., individuals of P. d. fulvus appear when it is almost dark (about 6:30 p. m. in December and January), ordinarily fly about 25 feet above the ground, but occasionally are seen at heights of between 60 and 70 feet (near tops of the largest cypress trees). Most bats flew in a straight line for 10 to 20 yards, then zig-zagged, and repeated the same movements. All specimens examined are in the brown color phase.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 11: Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 10; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1.

Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi Mexican Long-tongued Bat

1844. Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi, Untersuchungen über die fauna Peruana ..., p. 72, type from México.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—East side of Sierra Madre in southwestern part of state.

Specimens from La Mula were obtained in a small cave, which was inhabited also by Desmodus rotundus and Tadarida brasiliensis. The specimens from Miquihuana were captured in a mine by a native. Those from four kilometers north of Joya Verde also were taken from a mine. Females obtained in August at La Mula were lactating.

Specimens examined are indistinguishable from C. mexicana from Oaxaca and Jalisco. Baker (1956:172) found no differences between Coahuilan and Tamaulipan specimens. Most Tamaulipan specimens are dark grayish, but some are brownish and some are intermediate between the two colors mentioned. Fourteen adults weighed an average of 16.0 (12-18) grams.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 19: 4 km. N Joya Verde, 4000 ft., 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 4; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 2; Miquihuana, 6500 ft., 10.

Mormoops megalophylla megalophylla (Peters) Peters' Leaf-chinned Bat

1864. Mormops megalophylla Peters, Monatsb. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 381, type from southern México.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Throughout state, except possibly west of the Sierra Madre Oriental.

Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in mist nets in which Pteronotus rubiginosus, Lasiurus borealis, or Centurio senex also were captured. The specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa was shot as it flew at a height of six feet.

Tamaulipan specimens of Mormoops megalophylla are here assigned to M. m. megalophylla instead of to M. m. senicula following Villa and Jimenez (1961:503), who regarded senicula as indistinguishable from megalophylla.

Weight of four specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 16.2 (15-18) grams.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 5: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft., 2; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 1.

Additional records: Cueva de Los Troncones, 7.5 km. NNW, 3.5 km. S Cd. Victoria (Villa and Jimenez, 1961:503); Cueva de Quintero, 15 km. SSW Cd. Mante (ibid.); Tampico (Davis and Carter, 1962:67).

Micronycteris megalotis mexicana Miller Brazilian Small-eared Bat

1898. Micronycteris megalotis mexicana Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 50:329, August 2, type from Platanar, Jalisco.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from Rancho Pano Ayuctle (Goodwin, 1954:4). The single specimen of this species presently known from Tamaulipas was shot while it was roosting in a ranch house.

Glossophaga soricina leachii (Gray) Pallas' Long-tongued Bat

1844. Monophyllus leachii Gray, in The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur ..., 1 (1, Mamm.): 18, April, type from Realego, Chinandega, Nicaragua.

1913. Glossophaga soricina leachii, Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46:419, December 31.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical region of southern part of state.

Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a cave along with Desmodus rotundus and Tadarida laticaudata. Specimens from 20 miles north of El Mante were collected from a cave about 50 yards deep. Weights of two females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were 9 and 12 grams. Tamaulipan specimens examined do not differ from specimens from Nicaragua that were used in comparison.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El Mante, and 3 km. W Highway, 300 ft., 2; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 1.

Additional records: 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón (de la Torre, 1954:114); Altamira (Miller, 1913:420).

Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis (Saussure) Long-nosed Bat

1860. M. [= Ischnoglossa] nivalis Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:492, November, type from near snow line of Mt. Orizaba, Veracruz.

1900. Leptonycteris nivalis, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13:126, April 6.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably throughout southern part of state, but presently known only from one locality.

The specimens herein reported were taken in a cave. They provide the first record of the species from Tamaulipas and are assigned to the subspecies nivalis on the basis of their brownish color and small size in comparison with specimens of L. n. longala from Coahuila (see also description and measurements of longala given by Stains, 1957:356). None of the specimens suggests intergradation in color between nivalis and longala, but some are slightly larger than specimens of the former from Veracruz.

Twelve females taken on August 27, 1961, were pregnant. Each carried a single embryo, the embryos averaging 15.7 (12-20) mm. in crown-rump length. The average weight of the 12 females was 26.9 (24.5-30.0) grams; 10 males weighed an average of 24.6 (21-28) grams.

Measurements.—Average and extremes of ten specimens (5 males and 5 females) are as follows: 78.2 (76-80); 0.0; 16.4 (15-17); 16.7 (16-19); length of forearm, 48.4 (45.2-54.3); length of third finger, 100.8 (99.2-103.7); greatest length of skull, 26.8 (25.9-27.6); zygomatic breadth (6 only), 10.9 (10.7-11.1); least interorbital constriction, 4.6 (4.5-4.9); mastoid breadth, 10.8 (10.5-11.2); length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.7 (8.4-9.0).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 28: all from 6.5 mi. N, 13 mi. W Jimenez, 1250 ft.

Sturnira lilium parvidens Goldman Yellow-shouldered Bat

1917. Sturnira lilium parvidens Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 30:116, May 23, type from Papayo, about 25 mi. NW Acapulco, Guerrero.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known presently only from Rancho Pano Ayuctle.

The two specimens from Tamaulipas were reported by de la Torre (1954:114) and in eastern México are the northernmost yet reported of the genus.

Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis Leach Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat

1821. Artibeus Jamaicensis Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13:75, type from Jamaica.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical region of southern part of state.

The specimens from northwest of El Encino were shot deep (250 yards) in a cave; specimens of Myotis nigricans were obtained in the same cave. A female taken on May 24 carried a single embryo that was 43 mm. in crown-rump length. Six March-taken females reported by de la Torre (1954:114) had one embryo each that varied from 20 to 38 mm. in length.

Artibeus jamaicensis and A. lituratus are the largest bats known from Tamaulipas. In addition to the differences between the two species pointed out by Lukens and Davis (1957:9), I note, in Tamaulipas at least, that the postorbital constriction is narrower in relation to the condylobasal length in lituratus, 24.6 (23.7-26.0) per cent as compared to 27.9 (26.7-29.9) per cent in jamaicensis.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 19: 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 10; Aserradero del Paraiso, 19 km. N Chamal (by road), 8 (AMNH); Cueva El Pachón, 5 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, 1 (AMNH).

Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre, 1954:114); 4 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón (ibid.).

Artibeus lituratus palmarum J. A. Allen and Chapman Big Fruit-eating Bat

1897. Artibeus palmarum J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:16, February 26, type from Botanical Gardens at Port of Spain, Trinidad.

1949. A[rtibeus]. l[ituratus]. palmarum, Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:447, May 10.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical region in southern part of state.

Two specimens from the Río Sabinas were taken in a mist net placed across the small, crevicelike entrance to a cave. Ten pregnant females taken in late May each contained a single embryo; average crown-rump length of the 10 embryos was 43 (35-55) mm.

Tamaulipan specimens of lituratus do not differ appreciably in color from topotypes except that the facial stripes are narrow and, in three individuals, poorly marked. Lukens and Davis (1957:9) reported that females from Guerrero were paler than the males, but the male examined in this study does not differ in color from the females seen.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 15: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 13; cave at headwaters of Río Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 2.

Artibeus toltecus (Saussure) Toltec Fruit-eating Bat

1860. Stenoderma toltecus Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:427, October, type from México. Type locality restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:449, May 10, 1949.

1908. Artibeus toltecus, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 296, April 7.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably lowlands of southern part of state; known presently only from Rancho Pano Ayuctle.

Artibeus toltecus is closely related to another species, A. aztecus, that occurs also in Tamaulipas. Externally, toltecus differs from aztecus in being smaller and darker; cranially, toltecus also is the smaller and the P2 and M2 are more angular lingually than in aztecus, in which the teeth are rounded. One of the most important differences between these two species is that they occur at different altitudes. Davis (1958:165) reported that toltecus occurred at elevations below 5000 feet at more southerly localities in México, whereas aztecus occurred above 5000 feet. In Tamaulipas the two species probably have parallel distributions from south to north but A. toltecus is known from Rancho Pano Ayuctle at an elevation of 300 feet in rain forest, whereas A. aztecus is known from Rancho del Cielo at an elevation of 3300 feet in cloud forest. The two localities are only four miles apart.

One of the specimens examined (GMS 10640) is smaller, cranially and externally (see beyond), than any recorded by Davis (1958:165).

Measurements.—Some external and cranial measurements of two females and a male (GMS 10668, 10646 and 10640) are, respectively, as follows: length of hind foot, 12.5, 12.0, 11.0; length of ear from notch, 15, 17, 15; length of forearm, 40.5, 40.0, 36.5; greatest length of skull, 20.9, 20.7, 19.7; zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.3, 11.7; least interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.0, 5.0; length of maxillary tooth-row, 6.8, 6.8, 6.5; breadth of braincase, 9.3, 9.2, 9.1.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 3 from Río Sabinas, near Gómez Farías (Rancho Pano Ayuctle) (GMS).

Artibeus aztecus Andersen Aztec Fruit-eating Bat

1906. Artibeus aztecus Andersen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 18:422, December, type from Tetela del Volcán, Morelos.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably higher areas of southern part of state; known presently only from Rancho del Cielo.

I follow Davis (1958:165) in treating A. aztecus and A. toltecus as distinct species. Differences between the two are discussed in the preceding account of toltecus.

One specimen examined (AMNH 146980) is distinctly larger than the others here assigned to A. aztecus, but does not exceed the maximal measurements given by Davis (loc. cit.) for the species. This specimen also has a narrower M2, and relatively and actually narrower braincase than other specimens (see measurements).

Specimens from Rancho del Cielo were collected in a limestone cave in the cloud forest. A female taken on July 2 carried a small embryo and another obtained on August 14 had an embryo that appeared to be nearly ready for birth.

Measurements.—Respective external and cranial measurements of three males (AMNH, uncatalogued) and a female (AMNH 146980) are as follows: total length, 58, 65, 66, 73; length of hind foot, 13, 12, 12, 13; length of forearm, —, 43, 40, 41; greatest length of skull, 21.6, 22.4, 21.5, 23.0; zygomatic breadth, 13.0, 12.8, 13.0, 12.4; least interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.7, 5.5, 6.0; length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.0, 7.1, 6.9, 7.1; breadth of braincase, 10.0, 9.8, 10.0, 9.5.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 7, all from Rancho del Cielo, 3300 ft., (AMNH).

Enchistenes hartii (Thomas) Little Fruit-eating Bat

1892. Artibeus hartii Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 10:409, November, type from Trinidad, Lesser Antilles.

1908. Enchistenes hartii, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 2:224, September 7.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from Aserradero del Infernillo.

Enchistenes hartii is known from Tamaulipas only by the cranium reported by Goodwin (1954:5), and this is the northernmost known occurrence. The bat has not been reported from any other Mexican state bordering on the Gulf of Mexico.

Centurio senex Gray Wrinkle-faced Bat

1842. Centurio senex Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 10:259, December, type locality erroneously given as Amboyna, East Indies; subsequently restricted to Realejo, Chinandega, Nicaragua, by Goodwin (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 87:327, December 31, 1946).

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical areas of southern part of state.

The single specimen examined, a female weighing 23 grams that carried an embryo (17 mm. crown-rump length), was taken on June 14 in a mist net stretched between oak trees in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. One other female and one cranium have been reported from Tamaulipas.

The specimen examined differs from two seen from southern México (5 mi. SW Teapa, Tabasco, and 2 mi. S Tollosa, Oaxaca) in being brownish instead of grayish, but resembles in color two specimens from Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo.

Measurements.—A female from the Sierra de Tamaulipas affords the following measurements: Total length, 67; length of hind foot, 13; length of ear from notch, 15; length of forearm, 43.1; condylobasal length, 15.0; zygomatic breadth, 5.1; palatal length, 4.1; least interorbital constriction, 5.3; length of maxillary tooth-row, 5.1.

Records of occurrence.—Specimen examined, one from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft.

Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre, 1954:114); Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:5).

Desmodus rotundus murinus Wagner Vampire

1840. D[esmodus]. murinus Wagner, in Schreber, Die Säugthiere ..., Suppl., 1:337, type from México.

1912. Desmodus rotundus murinus, Osgood, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Publ. 155, Zool. Ser., 10:63, January.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern part of state, north at least to vicinity of Jiménez.

Hall and Kelson (1959:151) listed a place 12 kilometers west and 8 kilometers north of Ciudad Victoria as the northernmost locality of record for Desmodus, but three specimens from Cueva La Esperanza, 6 kilometers southwest of Rancho Santa Rosa, are from a site slightly to the northwestward (12 mi.) of the locality first mentioned and a specimen from 13 miles west and six and a half miles north of Jiménez represents the northeasternmost known occurrence of Desmodus in eastern México.

Most of the vampires examined in this study were taken in caves; those from four miles southwest of Padilla were obtained from a hollow tree. Nine specimens were collected in a small cave 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria on January 18, when water on the floor of the cave was frozen; the bats were congregated on the ceiling at a height of 20 feet. In a cave in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, 16 miles west and three miles south of Piedra, females and young were found some 50 yards from the entrance; Natalus stramineus and Glossophaga soricina were obtained from the same cave. In another cave only half a kilometer distant, 12 males were collected. In Cueva La Mula, Desmodus was found near the mouth, whereas Choeronycteris mexicana and two Tadarida brasiliensis were collected in the deepest part. At Cueva La Esperanza, 300 feet deep and on the east side of the Sierra Madre Oriental, four different congregations of vampires were found along with about 400 Natalus. A male Desmodus obtained in a cave 13 miles west and six and a half miles north of Jiménez also was associated with Natalus.

Females with embryos or in lactation were collected as follows: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, March 10, one pregnant female (embryo 40 mm. in crown-rump length); Río Sabinas, May 23, two pregnant females (embryos 36 and 43 mm.); Sierra de Tamaulipas, June 13, five lactating females and one female taken alive that gave birth on June 16 to one young; Cueva La Mula, August, nine lactating females. A male from the Sierra Madre that was obtained on January 5 had testes 8 mm. long.

The average weight of 21 adults from four miles southwest of Padilla was 39.1 (32.0-44.5) grams.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 107: 3 mi. W, 6.5 mi. N Jiménez, 1250 ft., 1; Río Soto la Marina, 4 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 23; Cueva La Esperanza, 6 km. SW Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m., 3; Cueva Los Troncones, 8 km. N, 12 km. W Cd. Victoria, Sierra Madre Oriental, 2500 ft., 2; Cd. Victoria, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 1900 ft., 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Cd. Victoria, 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 19; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 16; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 6; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 1400 ft., 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 10; 70 km. S Cd. Victoria (via Highway), 6 km. W of Highway, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 7; cave near headwaters Río Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 11.

Additional records (Malaga and Villa, 1957:539): Cueva La Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7 km. SSW (via highway) Cd. Victoria; El Ojo de Agua, at km. 10 on Valles-Tampico highway; Cueva del Abra, 2 km. SSW Cd. Mante.

Diphylla ecaudata Spix Hairy-legged Vampire

1823. Diphylla ecaudata Spix, Simiarum et vespertilionum Brasiliensium ..., p. 68, type locality, Brazil, restricted to Rio San Francisco, Baía, by Cabrera (Rev. Mus. Argentino Cien. Nat., 4:94, March 27, 1958).

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern and central parts of state.

The hairy-legged vampire was first reported from Tamaulipas by de la Torre (1954:114), who recorded a male from five miles northeast of Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón. Later in the same year Martin and Martin (1954:585) listed another male from El Pachón. Subsequently, Malaga and Villa (1957:543) reported specimens from two additional localities in the state, one of which (Cueva de la Sepultura) provides the northernmost place from which the species has been recorded. Malaga and Villa remarked that the species was abundant at Cueva de la Sepultura, being found in small groups clinging to the roof of the cave. Two females taken there on November 11 carried one embryo each; a lactating female was taken on November 14. The vampire, Desmodus rotundus, also was taken at Cueva de la Sepultura.

I follow Burt and Stirton (1961:37) in treating Diphylla ecaudata as a monotypic species.

Records: Cueva de la Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7 km. SSW (via highway) Cd. Victoria (Malaga and Villa, 1957:543); 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón (de la Torre, 1954:114); El Pachón (Martin and Martin, 1954:585); Cueva de Quintero, 4 km. SSW Quintero (Malaga and Villa, 1957:543).

Natalus stramineus saturatus Dalquest and Hall Mexican Funnel-eared Bat

1949. Natalus mexicanas saturatus Dalquest and Hall, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 62:153, August 23, type from 3 km. E San Andrés Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz.

1959. Natalus stramineus saturatus, Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1977:7, December 22.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Central and southwestern parts of state.

All specimens examined were obtained from caves. At Cueva la Esperanza, approximately 400 individuals were found along with individuals of Desmodus rotundus; Natalus and Desmodus also were collected together in a cave approximately 30 yards deep three miles south and 14 miles west of Piedra, and in a cave six and a half miles north and 13 miles west of Jiménez, the northernmost locality from which N. stramineus is presently known.

Tamaulipan specimens do not differ significantly in external or cranial measurements in comparison with the specimens from Veracruz reported by Dalquest and Hall (1949:154), but do differ in color. Most are in the gray phase and are Avellaneus (grayish with yellowish hairs mixed) instead of Clay Color as are specimens from Veracruz; those few in the red phase are between Clay Color and Tawny-Olive instead of between Burnt Sienna and Chestnut. By consequence, bats from Tamaulipas resemble in color the smaller N. s. mexicanus of western México to a greater degree than they resemble N. s. saturatus, but I follow Goodwin (1959:7).

Dalquest and Hall (1949:154) reported the specimen from eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos as from San Luis Potosí, from which state the collector (Dalquest) evidently thought it had originated. Actually the place eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos is in Tamaulipas.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 64: 6.5 mi. N, 13 mi. W Jiménez, 1250 ft., 14; Cueva de la Esperanza, 6 km. SW Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m., 20; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 7; 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 2; Ejido Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 20; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 1.

Additional records (Goodwin, 1959:8): Antiguo Morelos; El Pachón.

Myotis velifer incautus (J. A. Allen) Cave Myotis

1896. Vespertilio incautus J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 8:239, November 21, type from San Antonio, Bexar Co., Texas.

1928. Myotis velifer incautus, Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:92, May 25.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably most of northern part of state; presently known only from three localities.

The two specimens examined from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a mist net in which Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis keenii, and Tadarida brasiliensis also were captured. Both are females, one of which was lactating (June 20). Specimens from San Fernando probably were taken in houses by natives, who brought the bats to the collectors (Clifton and Bodley). The maxillary tooth-row and tibia are shorter, breadth across M3 narrower, and ear slightly longer in Tamaulipan specimens than in those for which measurements were given by Miller and Allen (1928:95), but the Tamaulipan specimens do not differ otherwise. The color in general is slightly more brownish than in Texan incautus, but about as in Oklahoman specimens examined. Three from San Fernando, Tamaulipas, are darker than others from that state.

The average weight of 12 non-pregnant females from San Fernando was 11.0 (9.5-13) grams. The only male obtained at the same locality weighed 12 grams.

Measurements.—Six females from San Fernando afford the following measurements: 100.0 (95-107); 42.5 (38-46); 10.3 (10-11); 15.3 (14.5-16); length of tibia, 17.4 (16.5-18.9); length of forearm, 44.8 (43.4-45.7); greatest length of skull, 16.5 (16.1-16.9); condylobasal length, 15.6 (15.3-15.8); least interorbital constriction, 4.0 (3.9-4.1); mastoid breadth, 8.3 (8.1-8.6); length of maxillary tooth-row, 6.5 (6.3-6.7); breadth across M3, 6.5 (6.0-6.9).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 15: San Fernando, 180 ft., 13; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 2.

Additional record: Soto la Marina (Miller and Allen, 1928:93).

Myotis keenii auriculus Baker and Stains Keen's Myotis

1955. Myotis evotis auriculus Baker and Stains, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:83, December 10, type from 10 m. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., Sierra de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas.

1960. Myotis keenii auriculus, Findley, Jour. Mamm., 41:18, February.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from type locality (2 specimens), but probably widely distributed in western part of state.

The two specimens known from Tamaulipas were caught in a mist net stretched across a narrow, brush-bordered arroyo in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. I tentatively follow Findley (1960) in arranging auriculus as a subspecies of M. keenii.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, the holotype and one topotype.

Myotis californicus mexicanus (Saussure) California Myotis

1890. V[espertilio]. mexicanus Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:282, July, type from an unknown locality, but Dalquest (Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser., 1:49, December 28, 1953) restricted the type locality to the "desert (warmer part) of the state of México, México."

1897. Myotis californicus mexicanus, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:73, October 16.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Western mountains of state in pine-oak forest.

Only ten specimens of this species, five from Nicolás, two from Miquihuana and the other three, each from a different locality, have been reported from Tamaulipas. The specimen examined from 14 miles north and six miles west of Palmillas, a young female that still has deciduous incisors, was obtained on July 24. Of the five specimens from Nicolás, which represent the largest series of M. californicus ever reported from eastern México, some were caught in mist nets and others were shot over a water-hole.

Measurements.—Five skins and four skulls from Nicolás afford the following measurements: 86.0 (80-94); 39.0 (36-41); 7.4 (7-8.5); 13.7 (13.5-14.0); length of forearm, 33.0 (31.8-34.2); weight, 3.6 (3-4) grams; greatest length of skull, 13.9 (13.8-14.1); least interorbital constriction, 3.2 (3.1-3.3); breadth of braincase, 6.5 (6.4-6.5); length of maxillary tooth-row, 5.2 (5.1-5.3); breadth across M3, 5.1 (5.0-5.3).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 6: Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 5; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1.

Additional records: San José (Dice, 1937:249); Miquihuana (Miller and Allen, 1928:160); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:5).

Myotis nigricans dalquesti Hall and Alvarez Black Myotis

1961. Myotis nigricans dalquesti Hall and Alvarez, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:71, December 29, type from 3 km. E of San Andrés Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical part of state, presently known only from two localities.

For taxonomic remarks concerning this bat see Hall and Alvarez (1961:72).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 5, from 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft.

Additional record: Cave in canyon of Río Boquillas, 8 km. SW Chamal (Goodwin, 1954:6).

Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus (F. Cuvier) Eastern Pipistrelle

1832. V[espertilio]. subflavus F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1:17, type locality restricted to 3 mi. SW Riceboro, Liberty Co., Georgia, by W. H. Davis, Jour. Mamm., 40:522, November 20, 1959.

1897. Pipistrellus subflavus, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:90, October 16.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Presently known only from three localities, but probably occurs in most of eastern part of state.

Specimens examined are intermediate in color and measurements between Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus and P. s. veraecrucis, but the color resembles that of individuals of subflavus from Kansas more than that of specimens of veraecrucis from Las Vigas, Veracruz.

The two males from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El Encino represent the southernmost record of the subspecies.

Measurements.—External measurements of two males (58849, 58848) from 8 km. west and 10 km. north of El Encino and a male (60296) from Rancho Pano Ayuctle are, respectively, as follows: 78, 81, 83; 36, 38, 36; 10, 10, 9; 11, 11, 11; length of forearm, 33.1, 32.0, —; length of tibia, 14.6, 13.4, 13.0. Some cranial measurements of the two specimens from northwest of El Encino are: greatest length of skull, 12.8, 12.9; breadth of braincase, 6.5, 6.5; length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.0, 4.1.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1.

Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1894:128).

Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus Dalquest Western Pipistrelle

1951. Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus Dalquest, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 64:105, August 24, type from Presa de Guadalupe, San Luis Potosí.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably occurs throughout southwest part, but presently known only from Joya Verde.

The specimens reported herein were shot in July in a canyon that contained some standing water. According to the field notes of the collector (Schaldach), individuals of this bat in Tamaulipas flew later, in his experience, than bats of the same species in Sonora, Arizona and Coahuila, not emerging until it was almost fully dark.

Pipistrellus hesperus from Tamaulipas is identified as P. h. potosinus owing to the dark color, but the averages of some measurements differ slightly from those given by Dalquest (1951:106) for potosinus as follows: tail and ear shorter; foot larger; condylobasal length and cranial breadth less.

Measurements.—Average and extreme external and cranial measurements of five males from Joya Verde are: 73.2 (70-75); 27 (26-28); 7 (7); 12.4 (12-13); length of forearm, 31.0 (29.5-31.5); greatest length of skull, 12.4 (12.2-12.8); condylobasal length, 11.8 (11.4-12.3); breadth of braincase, 6.3 (6.0-6.5). Corresponding measurements of three females (60204, 60209, 60210) from the same locality are: 72, 78, 76; 27, 33, 35; 7, 7, 7; 12, 12, 12; 31, 31, 32; 12.3, 12.9, 13.5; 11.7, 12.2, —; 6.0, 6.6, 6.1.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 8, from Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria, 3800 ft.

Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis (H. Allen) Big Brown Bat

1866. S[cotophilus]. miradorensis H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18:287, type from Mirador, Veracruz.

1812. Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79:62, December 31.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern part of state, north at least to Miquihuana.

Specimens from Miquihuana, Palmillas, and Nicolás were shot in flight at dusk; those from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were collected in a mist net. Five females, all taken in June, were lactating.

Judging from Hall and Kelson's (1959:185) distribution map for the species, two subspecies, E. f. fuscus and E. f. miradorensis, possibly occur in Tamaulipas, the former in the north and the latter in the south. Comparison of specimens presently available from the state (all from the southern part) with typical individuals of the two subspecies mentioned reveal that they resemble miradorensis to a greater degree than fuscus and they accordingly are assigned to the former. In measurements, the Tamaulipan specimens agree closely with miradorensis; in color, some resemble miradorensis but others approach fuscus, possibly indicating intergradation between the two subspecies in the material at hand. Probably E. f. fuscus will be found in the northern part of the state.

Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of nine females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three males, two from Miquihuana (55137, 55138) and one from Palmillas (55139), are respectively: 121.3 (111-127), 115, 107, 115; 51.9 (50-56), 50, 45, 52; 10.9 (9.5-11.0), 10, 10, 11; 17.8 (17-18), 18, 18, 18; length of forearm, 49.6 (48-52.6), 48.9, 49.1, 49.1; length of tibia, 18.8 (18.2-19.3), 20.5, 17.3, 18.0; condylobasal length, 18.9 (18.5-19.3), 19.3, —, 18.8; zygomatic breadth, 13.1 (12.7-13.5), —, 13.0, 13.3; interorbital constriction, 4.2 (3.7-4.4), 4.0, 4.3, 4.1; length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.3 (7.1-7.5), —, 7.2, 7.2. Five lactating females weighed 20 (17-23) grams, and three males 17.5 (17-8) grams.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 17: Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 12; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 1.

Additional record: Aserradero del Paraiso (Goodwin, 1954:186).

Lasiurus borealis Red Bat

Two subspecies of Lasiurus borealis have been reported from Tamaulipas. One, L. b. borealis, is known only from Matamoros, whereas the other, L. b. teliotis, is widely distributed in the central and southern parts.

A young animal from Ciudad Victoria was captured inside a house. All specimens taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets, in which Centurio senex, Pteronotus parnelli, and Mormoops megalophyla also were taken.

Lasiurus borealis borealis (Müller)

1776. Vespertilio borealis Müller, Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständiges Natursystem ..., Suppl., p. 20, type from New York.

1897. Lasiurus borealis, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:105, October 16.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only by two specimens from Matamoros (Miller, 1897:108).

Lasiurus borealis teliotis (H. Allen)

1891. Atalapha teliotis H. Allen, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 29:5, April 10, type from an unknown locality, probably some part of California.

1897. Lasiurus borealis teliotis, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:110, October 16.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Generally distributed in higher parts of state.

Eight June-taken females, all lactating, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 10.0 (8-12) grams; five males from there weighed 9.2 (8-10) grams. According to Hall and Kelson (1959:188), males of this species usually are more brightly colored than females but this phenomenon is not evident in the Tamaulipan specimens. Males do, however, average slightly smaller than females.

The name Lasiurus borealis teliotis is employed following Handley (1960:472); formerly L. b. ornatus Hall was applied (Hall and Kelson, 1959:190) to bats here referred to as teliotis.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 7: Cd. Victoria, 1800 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 4.

Lasiurus cinereus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois) Hoary Bat

1776. Vespertilio cinereus (misspelled linereus) Palisot de Beauvois, Catalogue raisonné du muséum de Mr. C. W. Peale, Philadelphia, p. 18, type from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1864. Lasiurus cinereus H. Allen, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 7 (publ. 165): 21, June.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably state-wide but so far reported only from Matamoros (Miller, 1897:114), and Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:6—cranium only).

Lasiurus intermedius intermedius H. Allen Northern Yellow Bat

1862. Lasiurus intermedius H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14:246, "April" (between May 27 and August 1), type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Eastern half of state, known only from three localities.

The three specimens examined were taken in mist nets along with Lasiurus ega, Pteronotus rubiginosus and Mormoops megalophylla.

The generic name Lasiurus is used instead of Dasypterus following Hall and Jones (1961).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 3: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2.

Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1862:246).

Lasiurus ega xanthinus (Thomas) Southern Yellow Bat

1897. Dasypterus ega xanthinus Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 20:544, December, type from Sierra Laguna, Baja California.

1953. Lasiurus ega xanthinus, Dalquest, Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser., 1:61, December 28.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably occurs in southern and western parts of state; certainly known only from the Sierra de Tamaulipas.

Three June-taken females, all captured in mist nets, were lactating.

Hall and Jones (1961:91) assigned all Mexican specimens of the southern yellow bat to Lasiurus ega xanthinus, but remarked that specimens from western México were paler than those from the east. Of the six specimens examined from Tamaulipas, four are dark, resembling in color specimens from Veracruz, Yucatán and Costa Rica, and the other two are somewhat paler, approaching specimens from Baja California, Zacatecas and Coahuila. In measurements, Tamaulipan specimens of Lasiurus ega generally resemble specimens from the west, but differ from any other L. ega seen in having a longer tail, longer ear, and shorter maxillary tooth-row.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 4; 10 mi. W, 3 mi. S. Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 16 mi. W, 3 mi. S. Piedra, 1400 ft., 1.

Nycticeius humeralis Evening Bat

Nycticeius humeralis has the same distributional pattern in Tamaulipas as has Lasiurus borealis in that both are represented there by two subspecies, one known only from Matamoros and the other occurring in the rest of the state. Bats of this species (N. h. mexicanus) from Ciudad Victoria and some from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were shot in flight in evening; others from the last-mentioned locality were taken in mist nets. Lactating females (22 specimens) were collected in June and July.

Nycticeius humeralis humeralis (Rafinesque)

1818. Vespertilio humeralis Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag., 3(6):445, October, type from Kentucky.

1819. N[ycticeius]. humeralis Rafinesque, Jour. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. et Arts, Paris, 88:417, June.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Matamoros (Miller, 1897:120), one specimen.

Nycticeius humeralis mexicanus Davis

1944. Nycticeius humeralis mexicanus Davis, Jour. Mamm., 25:380, December 12, type from Río Ramos, 1000 ft., 20 km. NW Montemorelos, Nuevo León.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known certainly only from central part, but probably occurs at suitable places in all but extreme northern Tamaulipas.

Twenty-seven of 37 adults of N. humeralis examined from Tamaulipas are pale as is N. h. mexicanus, but 10 are darker and approach N. h. humeralis in this respect. Twenty-two females averaged 10.3 (9-13) grams and eight males averaged 9.5 (8-11) grams in weight.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 45: Cd. Victoria, 10; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2-3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 31; 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 4.

Rhogeëssa tumida tumida H. Allen Little Yellow Bat

1866. R[hogeëssa]. tumida H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18:286, type from Mirador, Veracruz.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southeastern part of state.

Specimens obtained from the vicinity of La Pesca were shot as were some from the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Others from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in mist nets that were stretched across a small pool in an arroyo; Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis velifer, M. keenii and Nycticeus humeralis were captured in the same nets.

Females evidently bear young in Tamaulipas in April and May. Fourteen of 15 females collected at La Pesca in May were lactating, as were five of 31 taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas in June. The weight of 46 females averaged 5.5 (4-7) grams, and that of nine males, 4.5 (4-5) grams.

Comparison of specimens from Tamaulipas with individuals from Veracruz reveals little difference in general color between the two samples. Most Tamaulipan specimens examined are dull yellowish brown, but some are darker. Goodwin (1954:6) reported a specimen from Santa María as being dark brown. Measurements of 10 females (see below) from the Sierra de Tamaulipas average a little larger than those reported by Miller (1897:123-124), Hall (1952:232), and Goodwin (1958:10-12). I follow the last author in using the specific name R. tumida for this bat.

Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of 10 females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are as follows: 80.1 (78-83); 35.5 (33-37); 7.9 (7.5-8.0); 13.1 (13-14); length of forearm, 31.9 (30.6-33.0); greatest length of skull, 13.4 (13.1-13.8); zygomatic breadth, 8.6 (8.2-8.8); mastoid breadth, 5.6 (5.3-5.8); breadth across M3, 5.7 (5.5-6.0); length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.8 (4.7-4.9).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 59: 4 mi. N La Pesca, 1; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 3; 2 mi. N La Pesca, 11; 1 mi. N La Pesca, 4; La Pesca, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 39.

Additional record: Santa María (Goodwin, 1958:3).

Plecotus phyllotis (G. M. Allen) Allen's Big-eared Bat

1916. Corynorhynus phyllotis G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60:352, April, type from San Luis Potosí, probably near city of same name.

1959. Plecotus phyllotis, Handley, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 110:130, Sept. 3.

1923. Idionycteris mexicanus Anthony, Amer. Mus. Novit., 54:1, January 17, type from Miquihuana, Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from Miquihuana.

The only specimen of this bat known from Tamaulipas was reported by Anthony (1923:1), and formed the basis of his description of Idionycteris mexicanus, a synonym of Plecotus phyllotis according to Handley (1956:53 and 1959:130).

Antrozous pallidus pallidus (Le Conte) Pallid Bat

1856. V[espertilio]. pallidus Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Philadelphia, 7:437, type from El Paso, El Paso Co., Texas.

1864. Antrozous pallidus, H. Allen, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 7 (Publ. 165): 68, June.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from a single ramus from Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:6).

Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Saussure) Brazilian Free-tailed Bat

1860. Molossus mexicanus Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:283, July, type from Cofre de Perote, 13,000 ft., Veracruz.

1955. Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana, Schwartz, Jour. Mamm., 36:108, February 28.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably state-wide, but presently known from only five localities.

A female taken on June 21 in a mist net on the Sierra de Tamaulipas carried an embryo that was 29 mm. in crown-rump length. Two specimens were shot in flight in the deepest part of Cueva La Mula.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 4: 8 km. S Cd. Victoria, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 2.

Additional records: Río Bravo (town) (Villa, 1956:8); Rancho "La Isla," 3 km. N El Limón (Malaga and Villa, 1957:560); Cueva del Abra (ibid.); no specific locality (Shamel, 1931:6).

Tadarida aurispinosa (Peale) Peale's Free-tailed Bat

1848. Dysopes aurispinosus Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8:21, type taken on board the U. S. S. Peacock at sea, approximately 100 mi. S Cape San Roque, Brazil.

1931. Tadarida aurispinosa, Shamel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 78:11, May 6.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from Cueva del Abra, six miles north-northeast of Antiguo Morelos.

Carter and Davis (1961) recorded for the first time this species from North America, on the basis of five specimens collected at Cueva del Abra. From the same locality P. L. Clifton collected several owl pellets which provide, besides many skulls of Tadarida laticaudata, four crania of T. aurispinosa. Available measurements of three, of the four T. aurispinosa, resemble those given by Carter and Davis (op. cit.) for their specimens. Measurements of the fourth cranium are smaller (greatest length of skull, 19.4; zygomatic breadth, 11.1; interorbital constriction, 3.7; cranial breadth, 9.1; mastoid breadth, 10.7; basal length, 16.3; length of maxillary tooth-*row, 7.4; breadth across M3, 7.9), but not outside the expected range of individual variation if we can judge by the range recorded by Jones and Alvarez (1962) for the related Tadarida laticaudata.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 4, from [Cueva del Abra], 6 mi. (by road) NNE Antiguo Morelos.

Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea Goodwin Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat

1954. Tadarida laticaudata ferruginea Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1670:2, June 28, type from 8 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from southeastern part of state.

Specimens from three miles south and 16 miles west of Piedra were found in a crevice inside a cave. Two days previously Desmodus rotundus and Natalus stramineus were obtained from the same cave. All other specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets. Nycticeus humeralis, Myotis velifer, Eptesicus fuscus, Lasiurus borealis and L. intermedius were taken in nets that also captured T. laticaudata.

All specimens taken (June 19-23) in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were females, except one. Of 33 females taken, 27 carried a single embryo each, the embryos averaging 27.0 (25-28) mm. in crown-rump length; the other five were lactating. Weight of the pregnant females averaged 16.0 (13-18) grams and that of the five lactating individuals averaged 13.0 (12-14) grams. A male weighed 22 grams.

For the taxonomic status of this species in North America see Jones and Alvarez (1962).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 65: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 27; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 7; 5 mi. S El Mante, 8 (AMNH); 11 mi. S El Mante, 13 (AMNH); 10 km. NNE Antiguo Morelos, 1; 8 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, 7 (5 AMNH, 2 KU); 20 mi. SW El Mante, 2 (AMNH).

Molossus ater nigricans Miller Red Mastiff Bat

1902. Molossus nigricans Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 54:395, September 12, type from Acaponeta, Nayarit.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern part of state, north at least to Guemes.

At Rancho Pano Ayuctle, according to the field notes of the collector (Schaldach), the red mastiff bat was common, and found daytime retreats in hollows in cypress trees. Schaldach twice found groups of bats in such hollows. M. a. nigricans is an early forager and most individuals seen were in flight before sunset, usually flying in a more or less straight line at heights of 25 to 60 feet above the ground. The odor of the chest gland was described by Schaldach as "strong" and "geranium-like." A female obtained three miles northeast of Guemes on August 19 carried a single embryo that was 33 mm. in crown-rump length.

Specimens examined average slightly smaller than the type specimen, especially in total length, length of hind foot, length of skull and length of maxillary tooth-row. Davis (1951:219) also noted some of these same differences in a specimen examined by him from two miles south of Ciudad Victoria. The variation in color is great among Tamaulipan specimens. Of the 15 examined, two are Dark Mummy Brown, six are Mummy Brown, six are Sudan Brown, and one is paler than Sudan Brown.

I follow Goodwin (1960:6) in using the specific name ater.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 15: 3 mi. NE Guemes, 2; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante and 3 km. W Pan-American Hwy., 2200 ft., 8; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2.

Additional records (Davis, 1951:219): 2 mi. S Cd. Victoria; Altamira.

Ateles geoffroyi velerosus Gray Spider Monkeys

1866. Ateles vellerosus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 773 (for 1865), April, type locality "Brasil?"; restricted to Mirador, 2000 ft., about 15 mi. NE Huatusco, Veracruz, by Kellogg and Goldman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 96:33, November 2, 1944.

1944. Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus, Kellogg and Goldman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 96:32, November 2.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably extreme southern part.

No specimens of this monkey have been taken in Tamaulipas although Kellogg and Goldman (1944:34) pointed out that it probably occurred in the tropical forest of the southern part of the state. Later, Villa (1958:347) reported that A. Malaga Alba saw monkeys in 1954 at Barranca de Caballeros, approximately 25 kilometers north-northwest of Ciudad Victoria. No other report of their occurrence in the state has been forthcoming.

Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus Peters Nine-banded Armadillo

1864. Dasypus novemcinctus var. mexicanus Peters, Montsb. preuss Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 180, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas (see Hollister, Jour. Mamm., 6:60, February 9, 1925).

1920. D[asypus]. novemcinctus mexicanus, Goldman, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 69 (5):66, April 24.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably state-wide except on Mexican Plateau; presently known only from five localities.

A 13-pound female from four kilometers west-southwest of La Purisima was captured after it was forced by the collector (Dalquest) and his dog out of the burrow that was under a log. A young specimen examined from seven kilometers southwest of La Purisima was captured by a dog. A partial skeleton including the skull was picked up on the barrier beach at a place 33 miles south of Washington Beach.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 3 (see text immediately above).

Additional records: Matamoros (Hollister, 1925:60); Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:11).

Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei (J. A. Allen) Forest Rabbit

1890. Lepus truei J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:192, December 10, type from Mirador, Veracruz.

1950. Sylvilagus brasiliensis truei, Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100:351, May 26.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern part of state; known only from Rancho del Cielo (Goodwin, 1954:7).

Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus (J. A. Allen) Desert Cottontail

1904. Lepus (Sylvilagus) parvulus J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20:34, February 29, type from Apam, Hidalgo.

1909. Sylvilagus audubonii parvulus, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:236, August 31.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Western part of state.

The specimen examined, a male that weighed 646 grams, was shot at night.

This species occurs only in western Tamaulipas. Hall and Kelson (1959:267, map 187) mistakenly plotted El Mulato, as being in the eastern part of the state; actually this locality is in the San Carlos Mountains of the west, near the boundary between Tamaulipas and Nuevo León.

Records of occurrence.—One specimen examined from 4 mi. SW Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft.

Additional records (Nelson, 1909:237, unless otherwise noted): Nuevo Laredo; Guerrero; Mier; Camargo; El Mulato (Dice, 1937:256); Miquihuana.

Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern Cottontail

This species occurs throughout Tamaulipas. A female from Soto la Marina, obtained on May 17, was lactating; another from 12 miles northwest of San Carlos, on August 23, carried two embryos that were 15 mm. in crown-rump length.

Sylvilagus floridanus chapmani (J. A. Allen)

1899. Lepus floridanus chapmani J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:12, March 4, type from Corpus Christi, Nueces Co., Texas.

1904. Sylvilagus (Sylvilagus) floridanus chapmani, Lyon, Smith. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Northern two-thirds of state.

A male and pregnant female from 12 miles northwest of San Carlos weighed, respectively, 650 and 690 grams.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 17: San Fernando, 180 ft., 3; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 3; La Pesca, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 6; Ejido Eslabones, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 2.

Additional record: Jaumave (Nelson, 1909:178).

Sylvilagus floridanus connectens (Nelson)

1904. Lepus floridanus connectens Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:105, May 18, type from Chichicaxtle, Veracruz.

1909. Sylvilagus floridanus connectens, Lyon and Osgood, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:32, January 28.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern part of state.

This subspecies has been reported previously from Tamaulipas only from Altamira. Specimens from 10 kilometers north and eight kilometers west of El Encino and 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria, judging by their large size, dark color, and ochraceous brown (rather than pale ochraceous as in S. f. chapmani) upper sides of the hind feet are assignable to connectens.

Goodwin (1954:7) reported specimens from Chamal, Joya de Salas, Gómez Farías, and Pano Ayuctle as S. f. chapmani, remarking that they were intergrades between chapmani and connectens. Specimens reported by Goodwin are here assigned to S. f. connectens because the measurements of the specimen from eight kilometers west of El Encino are typical of that subspecies.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 4: 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, 5200 ft., 1.

Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:7, unless otherwise noted): Chamal; La Joya de Salas; Gómez Farías; Rancho Pano Ayuctle; Altamira (Nelson, 1909:186).

Lepus californicus Black-tailed Jack Rabbit

The black-tailed jack rabbit is the only species of Lepus known from Tamaulipas and is represented there by three subspecies, L. c. merriami of the northern part of the state, L. c. altamirae of the southeastern coastal plains, and L. c. curti of the barrier beach south of Matamoros. The known ranges of the three subspecies are not presently known to meet in Tamaulipas.

Lepus californicus altamirae Nelson

1904. Lepus merriami altamirae Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:109, May 18, type from Altamira, Tamaulipas.

1951. Lepus californicus altamirae, Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:45, October 1.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern coastal plain north certainly to vicinity of Soto la Marina.

The two specimens examined in this study (see below) are intermediate between L. c. altamirae and L. c. curti, but show greater resemblance to the former. In measurements they resemble altamirae rather than the smaller curti. They approach the latter in length of hind foot and are intermediate between the two subspecies in basilar length; in one specimen, the dimensions of the rostrum are as in curti and the other has the black patch on the posterior surface of the ear well developed, as in altamirae, but in the other the black is reduced. L. c. altamirae has been known previously only from Altamira.

Measurements.—Two male adults (55415, 55416) from north of Soto la Marina, afford the following external measurements: 610, 590; 100, 100; 124, 125; 124, 122 (length of ear from notch, dry, 114, 110). Cranial measurements are: basilar length, 75.1, 74.4; length of nasals, 46.1, 41.9; width of rostrum at PM, 25.1, 28.7; height of rostrum in front of PM, 25.2, 21.5; diameter of auditory bulla, 14.1, 13.0.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 2: 3 mi. N Soto la Marina, 1; 2 mi. NW Soto la Marina, 1.

Additional record: Altamira (Nelson, 1904:109).

Lepus californicus curti Hall

1951. Lepus californicus curti Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:42, October 1, type from barrier beach 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only by the three specimens mentioned in the original description from two barrier islands in northeastern part of state.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 3: 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 2; 90 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 1.

Lepus californicus merriami Mearns

1896. Lepus merriami Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals from the Mexican border of the United States, p. 2, March 25, type from Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas.

1909. Lepus californicus merriami, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:148, August 31.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Northern and western parts of state.

The two specimens examined, an adult female and a young male, from the barrier beach 33 miles south of Washington Beach are intergrades between L. c. merriami, reported from the mainland from as near as Matamoros, and L. c. curti, which occurs farther to the south on the same series of barrier beaches. Of seven characters that seem to differentiate the two subspecies, the adult female from 33 miles south of Washington beach resembles merriami in four as follows: tips of ears black (white in curti); nasals long; hind foot long; and supraoccipital process broad. The specimen resembles curti in shortness of tail and in having small auditory bullae. Breadth of rostrum above premolars, the seventh character, is less than in typical specimens of either of the two subspecies. More material is needed from the barrier beach in order to establish with certainty the relationships between jack rabbits occurring there.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 4: 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 2; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 2.

Additional records: Nuevo Laredo (Nelson, 1909:150); Mier (ibid.); Camargo (ibid.); Matamoros (Hall, 1951:185); Tamaulipeca, San Carlos Mts. (ibid.).

Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens Mearns Mexican Ground Squirrel

1896. Spermophilus mexicanus parvidens Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals from the Mexican border of the United States, p. 1, March 25, type from Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Northern part of state, south at least to Xicotencatl.

Most of the specimens examined from Tamaulipas are in the brown phase (Howell, 1938:121) and differ from S. m. parvidens from Texas, Coahuila, and Nuevo León in being darker dorsally. Nevertheless, some individuals are as pale as those examined from the mentioned states. Measurements of Tamaulipan specimens average smaller than those given by Howell (1938:121) and Baker (1956:205) for parvidens.

Specimens from San Fernando differ slightly from those from Soto la Marina in having a relatively long tail (average 69.2 instead of 62.1 per cent of length of head and body) and in having the upper parts of the hind feet ochraceous instead of nearly white.

Two May-taken females from Soto la Marina carried 5 and 7 embryos that were 10 mm. in crown-rump length; another taken there was lactating. Weight of six non-pregnant females from San Fernando averaged 160.6 (129-197) grams. Two males from the same locality weighed 164 and 145 grams.

Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of four males and three females from Soto la Marina are, as follows: 312.6 (296-330); 119.8 (110-130); 41.6 (38-43). Average cranial measurements of five specimens (two males, three females) from same locality are: greatest length of skull, 44.7 (43.7-47.4); zygomatic breadth, 26.9 (25.3-28.6); breadth of braincase, 19.4 (19.2-19.5); interorbital constriction, 13.3 (12.5-14.1); length of nasals, 15.9 (14.6-17.5); length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.3 (8.0-8.5).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 20: San Fernando, 180 ft., 12; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 8.

Additional records (Howell, 1938:121 unless otherwise noted): Nuevo Laredo; Mier; Camargo; Reynosa; Bagdad; Victoria; Xecotencatl [= Xicotencatl] (J. A. Allen, 1891:223).

Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus Alvarez Spotted Ground Squirrel

1962. Spermophilus spilosoma oricolus Alvarez, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:123, March 7, type from 1 mi. E La Pesca, Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from the type locality and from parts of the barrier beach, but possibly occurs at other places in northeastern parts of state.

The 10 specimens from the type locality were trapped or shot on the beach, which was covered by thick, low, scattered bushes and grass. Of the many holes found there, some probably were used by ground squirrels and others by crabs. A female, taken on July 7 with two young at a place 33 miles south of Washington Beach, weighed 133 grams and had six placental scars. This specimen (reported as Spermophilus spilosoma annectens by Selander et al., 1962:335) resembles others examined from the barrier beach (see Alvarez, 1962:124) and is therefore assigned to S. s. oricolus.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 24: 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 1; 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 12; 89 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 1; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 10.

Spermophilus variegatus couchii Baird Rock Squirrel

1855. Spermophilus couchii Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1:332, April, type from Santa Catarina, a few miles west of Monterrey, Nuevo León.

1955. Spermophilus variegatus couchii, Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist, 9:207, June 15.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Possibly in southwestern part; reported only from Ciudad Victoria (Howell, 1938:141).

Since Baird (1855:332) described S. v. couchii and mentioned a specimen from Ciudad Victoria that was obtained by Berlandier, no other record from Tamaulipas has come to light. Probably the species obtained by Berlandier was introduced at Ciudad Victoria by man.

Sciurus aureogaster aureogaster Cuvier Red-bellied Squirrel

1829. [Sciurus] aureogaster Cuvier, in Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 6, livr. 59 pl. with text, September (binomen published only at end of work, table générale et méthodique, 7:4, 1842), type locality "California"; restricted to Altamira, Tamaulipas, by Nelson (Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 1:38, May 9, 1899).

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical forest of southern part; north at least to Rancho Santa Rosa.

According to one collector (Schaldach), natives referred to Sciurus aureogaster as "ardilla pinta" or "ardilla colorada." He recorded in his field notes that S. aureogaster was most active between 7:00 and 9:00 a. m. and again from 3:00 to 5:00 p. m., that the nest was constructed of green oak leaves, and that the nest resembles somewhat in size and form that of S. carolinensis.

Of 53 specimens examined, 17 are black and one from 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria is clearly more whitish than the others. Specimens from the northeastern part of the range of the species (= southeastern Tamaulipas) average darker than those from the south and west. In individuals that are not black, the ventral reddish color covers the shoulders and in some it extends between the shoulders to the median dorsal area.

Among females collected from December through May, only one, taken 43 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria on March 17, was pregnant (one embryo).

The weight of seven adult males from Soto la Marina and the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 492.5 (400-575) grams.

Specimens herein reported from San Fernando provide the northernmost record of the species.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 53: San Fernando, 180 ft., 5; 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 3; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 8; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 5; Soto la Marina (3 mi. N), 500 ft., 6; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; 43 km. S Cd. Victoria, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 5; 70 km. (by highway) S Cd. Victoria, 6 mi. W of Pan-American Highway, 3; 2 mi. W El Carrizo, 7; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 1; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1.

Additional records: Río Corono (= Corona) (J. A. Allen, 1891:222); Victoria (Kelson, 1952:249); Santa María (Goodwin, 1954:8); 3 mi. NW Acuña, 3500 ft. (Hooper, 1953:4); Forlón (Nelson, 1899:42); NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:4); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:8); Altamira (Nelson, 1899:42); Tampico (J. A. Allen, 1891:222).

Sciurus deppei negligens Nelson Deppe's Squirrel

1898. Sciurus negligens Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:147, June 3, type from Altamira, Tamaulipas.

1953. Sciurus deppei negligens, Hooper, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:4, March 25.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical forest in southern part of state, north to Rancho Santa Rosa and Padilla.

In Tamaulipas this squirrel is called "ardilla chica" or "ardilla barcina," and is abundant in areas where tall trees and dense brush prevail. This species evidently does not have restricted periods of activity, as does S. aureogaster, but is active throughout the day. At El Carrizo a nest, nine to 10 inches in diameter and constructed of leaves and small sticks, was in a thick tangle of branches 25 feet above the ground. A male having testes 11 mm. long was in the nest. Among 16 females collected in the months of February, May and June, only two, taken in February, were lactating. A female from 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria, had four placental scars, three on the right side and one on the left, along with a resorbed embryo on the right side; according to the collector "the scars appeared quite recent, as evidenced by the fact that not all of the blood had been resorbed yet."

The northernmost localities from which S. d. negligens has been reported are nine and a half miles southwest of Padilla in the east, and Rancho Santa Rosa in the west.

Three males from the vicinity of Padilla weighed 309, 276, and 261 grams.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 92: 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 3; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 8; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 3; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 20; 70 km. (by highway) S Cd. Victoria and 6 mi. W Pan-American Highway, 43; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 12; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2.

Additional records: Victoria (Nelson, 1898:147); Santa María (Goodwin, 1954:8); Rancho Viejo (ibid.); Rancho del Cielo (ibid.); 3 mi. NW Acuña (Hooper, 1953:4); Pano Ayuctle (ibid.); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:8); Mesa de Llera, 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:4); Altamira (Nelson, 1898:147).

Sciurus alleni Nelson Allen's Squirrel

1898. Sciurus alleni Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:147, June 3, type from Monterrey, Nuevo León.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Along Sierra Madre Oriental in southwestern part of state.

This squirrel occurs in stands of oak and "nogalillos" (hickory) trees that grow along streams and arroyos. Individuals are active from sunrise to about 10:00 a. m. and again late in the afternoon. They give a soft "chirring" call.

Nelson (1899:92) noted that specimens from Miquihuana were smaller than those from the type locality. Among specimens I have examined, some are as large as topotypes and two females are larger (total length, 486 and 490) than measurements given for the species by Nelson (op. cit.).

Record of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 11, from Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria, 3800 ft.

Additional records: Near Victoria (Nelson, 1899:92); Miquihuana (ibid.); Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:8).

Glaucomys volans herreranus Goldman Southern Flying Squirrel

1936. Glaucomys volans herreranus Goldman, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 26:463, November 15, type from Mts. of Veracruz.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:9 and 1961:9).

Geomys personatus personatus True Texas Pocket Gopher

1889. Geomys personatus True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11:159 for 1888, January 5, type from Padre Island, Cameron County, Texas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from the barrier beach in northeastern part of state.

The specimens examined are referred, tentatively, to Geomys personatus personatus on geographic grounds. They average smaller in all measurements than personatus (but are larger than G. p. megapotamus), do not have the sagittal crest that usually is present in personatus, and the shape of the pterygoid bones is distinctive. In personatus and megapotamus the ventral border of the pterygoids (in lateral view) is convex instead of nearly straight as in specimens from the barrier beach. The specimens recorded here are all that are known of G. personatus (see account of G. tropicalis) from México.

Measurements.—Average and extreme external measurements of five females from 73 miles south of Washington Beach are as follows: 266.8 (263-271); 94.8 (91-98); 34 (33-35). Cranial measurements of two males (89038, 89032) and average and extremes of five females are respectively: basal length, 49.1, 46.6, 45.9 (44.2-46.8); basilar length, 42.9, 40.0, 39.8 (38.0-40.8); zygomatic breadth, 29.6, 28.3, 28.0 (25.7-29.9); squamosal breadth, 27.8, 25.9, 26.2 (23.8-25.4); interorbital constriction, 7.4, 6.9, 7.3 (6.7-7.8); alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 10.3, 9.2, 9.4 (9.1-9.7).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 17: 35 mi. SSE Matamoros, 8; 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 1; 73 mi. S Washington Beach, 8.

Additional record: 4 mi. S Washington Beach (Selander et al., 1962:335—possibly fragmentary skeletal remains never catalogued in any research collection).

Geomys tropicalis Goldman Tropical Pocket Gopher

1915. Geomys personatus tropicalis Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 28:134, June 29, type from Altamira, Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from vicinity of type locality, in southeastern part of state.

Geomys tropicalis was named as a subspecies of G. personatus in 1915 by E. A. Goldman. To my knowledge, no one other than Goldman has critically studied specimens of this pocket gopher, nor have specimens other than those listed in the original description been reported up to now. In 1953, Gerd H. Heinrich collected a series of 19 individuals one mile south of Altamira. These specimens were compared (by E. R. Hall in March, 1962) with the holotype and paratypes of G. p. tropicalis and were found to be indistinguishable.

Careful comparisons of the specimens from one mile south of Altamira with topotypes of G. personatus personatus (and specimens of other subspecies) indicate that tropicalis differs from personatus in a number of important characters, some of which tropicalis shares with Geomys arenarius of the Rio Grande Valley and adjacent areas in Texas, New Mexico, and Chihuahua (see Table 2).

Table 2.—Differences Between Three Species of Geomys.

G. arenarius G. personatus G. tropicalis

Zygomatic arches parallel narrower posteriorly narrower posteriorly

Sagittal crest absent present small

Squamosal knob present absent present

Interparietal subquadrant triangular triangular

Mesopterygoid fossa V-shaped U-shaped V-shaped

Ratio, zygomatic breadth to basal length 63.7-66.6 66.3-67.2 60.8-66.2

Ratio, mastoid breadth to basal length 58.0-60.4 59.8-63.1 58.0-59.6

Border of premaxilla at incisive foramina wedge-shaped subquadrate subquadrate

As can be seen in the accompanying table tropicalis resembles arenarius in half of the eight characters considered, especially in the presence of a knob on the zygomatic process of the squamosal (the diagnostic character of arenarius according to Merriam, 1895:140) and in the shape of the mesopterygoid fossa. G. tropicalis differs from arenarius principally in having a low sagittal crest in adult males (lacking in arenarius) and in the shape of the interparietal bone, which in tropicalis is small (in some skulls difficult to see) and triangular instead of being relatively large and subquadrate as in arenarius.

G. tropicalis resembles personatus in half of the characters considered, notably in shape of the interparietal bone, outline of zygomatic arches, and constriction of the premaxillae where they border the incisive foramina.

Considering the distinctive combination of characters possessed by tropicalis, and its isolated, restricted geographic range (the nearest known record of Geomys is approximately 165 miles to the north), tropicalis is here regarded as a full species. A skull alone examined from 10 miles northwest of Tampico does not differ from those of other specimens studied.

The average weight of five non-pregnant July-taken females was 189.4 (180-200) grams. Weights of three males were 280, 270, and 255 grams. Females are in all measurements smaller than males.

Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of five females and three males from one mile south of Altamira are, respectively, as follows: 243.5 (235-250), 260, 260, 265; 82.0 (78-85), 87, 93, 89; 32.2 (31-33), 35, 35, 33; ear from notch in both sexes, 5; condylobasal length, 42.3 (41.3-43.1), 46.0, 48.0, 46.2; zygomatic breadth, 26.6 (25.1-27.7), 30.4, 31.2, 30.5; interorbital constriction, 6.2 (6.1-6.3), 6.0, 6.2, 6.3; length of nasals, 14.6 (14.0-15.3), 17.0, 16.8, 15.9; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 9.0 (8.6-9.3), 9.9, 10.0, 9.4.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 19: 1 mi. S Altamira, 18; 10 mi. NW Tampico, 1.

Additional record: Altamira (Goldman, 1915:134).

Heterogeomys hispidus negatus Goodwin Hispid Pocket Gopher

1953. Heterogeomys hispidus negatus Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1620:1, May 4, type from Gómez Feras [Farías], 1300 ft., Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.

Specimens of this pocket gopher were taken in large Macabee traps, at night with the aid of a dog, and by natives using slingshots. Mounds of H. hispidus were common two miles west of El Carrizo near banana trees; the mouths of burrows were four to five inches in diameter. Two females collected at this locality on April 16 and 17 were lactating.

Specimens examined of H. hispidus from Tamaulipas resemble the description of H. h. negatus more than that of H. h. concavus, and are referred, therefore, to negatus. I assume, on geographic grounds, that the individuals reported by Hooper (1953:5) as concavus are negatus; they are here referred to as negatus. If this referral is correct, the subspecies concavus probably does not occur in Tamaulipas.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 6: Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1; 5 km. W El Carrizo, 4.

Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (Hooper, 1953:5); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1953:1).

Cratogeomys castanops Yellow-faced Pocket Gopher

Two subspecies of Cratogeomys castanops occur in Tamaulipas, C. c. planifrons in the higher elevations of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the western part of the state, and C. c. tamaulipensis on the plains of the Río Grande.

Specimens from Miquihuana were trapped in tunnels at 6400 feet elevation. At Palmillas, individuals were trapped in an area of mesquite, other bushes and "lechuguilla." Three specimens from southeast of Reynosa were collected in traps set along the dikes of irrigation ditches. Most specimens from Nicolás were brought by natives to the collector, but some were caught in traps set in tunnels among the desert bushes.

Cratogeomys castanops planifrons Nelson and Goldman

1943. Cratogeomys castanops planifrons Nelson and Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:146, June 13, type from Miquihuana, 5000 ft., Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Higher elevations in southwestern part of state.

Specimens from four miles north of Jaumave do not differ from specimens from Miquihuana. The weights of nine females averaged 146.4 (110-210) grams; three males weighed 178, 203, and 215 grams.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 29: Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 9; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 5; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 15.

Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis Nelson and Goldman

1934. Cratogeomys castanops tamaulipensis Nelson and Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47:141, June 13, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from two localities in extreme northern part of state, but probably occurs throughout northeastern part of state.

Three specimens from three miles southeast of Reynosa are referred to C. c. tamaulipensis on geographic grounds. They are tawny brown dorsally instead of cinnamon brown or pinkish cinnamon as Nelson and Goldman (1943:141) described tamaulipensis, and the basioccipital bone (in one male) is parallel-sided instead of wedge-shaped. Possibly this difference is owing to sex; Nelson and Goldman studied only one adult, a female (the type), and the only adult seen by me was a male.

Measurements.—An adult male (58118) from three miles southeast of Reynosa, measured as follows: 301; 81; 40; 7; condylobasal length, 57.0; zygomatic breadth, 41.2; palatal length, 36.1; breadth of rostrum, 11.8; length of nasals, 22.0; squamosal breadth, 34.0; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 10.8.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 3, from 3 mi. SE Reynosa.

Additional record: Matamoros (Nelson and Goldman, 1934:140).

Perognathus merriami merriami J. A. Allen Merriam's Pocket Mouse

1892. Perognathus merriami J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 4:45, March 25, type from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—State-wide except southwestern part.

Most of the available specimens of P. m. merriami were collected in the semi-arid areas of mesquite and grasses. At Soto la Marina P. m. merriami was abundant in open fields surrounded by brush. One female, collected on July 4, one mile south of Altamira was lactating. Weights of 16 adults from Soto la Marina and that of nine adults from the vicinity of San Fernando are, respectively: 8.2 (7-10) and 8.1 (7-9) grams.

Specimens from Tamaulipas are darker than those examined from Coahuila and southern Texas. A skull picked up on the barrier beach, 73 miles south of Washington Beach, differs from all other skulls examined in having the rostrum (3.6 mm.) and M1 (4.3) wider, auditory bullae relatively smaller, and glenoid fossa larger (2.6 instead of less than 2.3 in specimens from Soto la Marina).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 46: 4-4.5 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft., 4; 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 2; 1 mi. S Santa Teresa, 1; San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 2 mi. W San Fernando, 180 ft., 14; 73 mi. S Washington Beach, 1; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 1; Soto la Marina, 19; Ciudad Victoria, 1; 17 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 1; 1 mi. S Altamira, 1.

Additional records (Osgood, 1900:22, unless otherwise noted): Mier; Reynosa; Matamoros; 40 mi. S Matamoros (Hooper, 1953:5); Hidalgo; Altamira.

Perognathus hispidus hispidus Baird Hispid Pocket Mouse

1858. Perognathus hispidus Baird, Mammals, in Repts. Expl. Surv. ..., 8(1):421, July 14, type from Charco Escondido, Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Central and northern parts of state.

Two specimens examined from the vicinity of Nuevo Laredo were trapped in weeds and tall grass along an irrigation ditch that ran between desert and a cornfield. One was a lactating female (November 15) and weighed 31 grams; the other, an immature male, weighed 23 grams. A May-taken specimen from Soto la Marina possesses a broader and more ochraceous lateral line than the other three individuals examined from Tamaulipas and the Texan specimens seen.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 4: 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 2; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 1; 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1.

Additional records (Osgood, 1900:44, unless otherwise noted): Mier; Matamoros; Charco Escondido (Baird, 1858:422); 3 mi. W Soto la Marina (Hooper, 1953:5).

Perognathus nelsoni nelsoni Merriam Nelson's Pocket Mouse

1894. Perognathus (Chaetodipus) nelsoni Merriam, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 46:266, September 27, type from Hacienda La Parada, about 25 mi. NW Cd. San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from the west side of the Sierra Madre Oriental in southwestern part of state.

Most of the specimens examined were taken in semi-arid habitats where the dominant plants were cactus, weeds and bushes.

In Tamaulipas, specimens from the southern localities (places labeled with reference to Tula) are darker than those from the two northernmost localities (Miquihuana and four miles north of Jaumave). Most measurements are about equal in the southern and northern specimens, but in some measurements southern specimens average slightly smaller than those from the north. Greatest length of skull is a case in point. The difference in size is reflected in the weights. Average weights of nine males and nine females from southern localities are, respectively, 14.7 (12-16.5) and 13.8 (12-15.5) instead of 18.5 (17-20) and 17.0 (15-18) grams for four males and six females from the northern localities. In general, Tamaulipan specimens average somewhat smaller than those from other localities in eastern México (see measurements given by Baker, 1956:238, Dalquest, 1953:107, and Osgood, 1900:53).

Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of six specimens (2 males and 4 females) from Miquihuana, three males from four miles north of Jaumave, and five (3 males and 2 females) from nine miles southwest of Tula are, respectively, as follows: 176.2 (163-185), ——, 170, 173, (4 specimens only) 179.0 (165-186); 99.8 (97-105), ——, 90, 93, (4 specimens only) 96.7 (88-104); 22.5 (21-23), 23, 23, 24, 22.6 (22-23); 8 (8), 8, 8, 8, 8.8 (8-9); greatest length of skull, 26.1 (25.6-26.6), 25.8, 26.5, 26.9, 25.2 (24.9-25.7); mastoid breadth, 13.3 (12.9-13.6), 13.2, 13.8, 13.6, 13.1 (12.9-13.4); interorbital constriction, 6.4 (6.1-6.6), 5.9, 6.3, 6.3, 6.3 (6.1-6.8); interparietal breadth, 7.4 (6.8-7.9), 7.7, 7.2, 7.2, 7.6 (7.3-7.9); alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 3.7 (3.5-4.0); 3.6, 3.5, 3.6, 3.6 (3.5-3.8).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 42: Miquihuana, 6300 ft., 7; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 5; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 6; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 1; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 13.

Additional record: Jaumave (Miller, 1924:284).

Dipodomys ordii Ord's Kangaroo Rat

This species has a restricted geographic distribution in Tamaulipas, although three subspecies occur in the state; two of them occur in the extreme northeast and the other in the far west.

Dipodomys ordii durranti Setzer

1949. Dipodomys ordii fuscus Setzer, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:555, December 27, type from Jaumave, Tamaulipas.

1952. Dipodomys ordii durranti Setzer, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 42:391, December 17, a renaming of D. o. fuscus Setzer, 1949.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Semi-desert areas in western part of state.

The specimen examined from four miles north of Jaumave was trapped in a xeric area in which the vegetation consisted of mesquite, high palmlike yuccas, and "lechugilla." Specimens from the vicinity of Tula were trapped along bushy fence rows and adjacent to clumps of bushes and cactus, or shot at night in an area in which the soil was a sandy loam having relatively large amounts of gravel. The average weight of seven specimens from Nicolás was 50.3 (42-60) grams.

According to Lidicker (1960:178 and in litt.), the place called Lulú that was ascribed to Tamaulipas by Setzer (1949:550), and from which D. o. durranti was reported, actually is in Zacatecas.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 19: Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2500 ft., 3; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 12; 8 km. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2.

Additional records (Setzer, 1949:556): Nuevo Laredo; Jaumave.

Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus Hall

1951. Dipodomys ordii parvabullatus Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:38, October 1, type from 88 mi. S and 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from two islands off the barrier beach.

Weight of four adults averaged 49.2 (44-60) grams.

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 17: 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 4; 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 7; 90 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, 6.

Dipodomys ordii compactus True

1889. Dipodomys compactus True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11:160, January 5, type from Padre Island, Cameron Co., Texas.

1942. Dipodomys ordii compactus, Davis, Jour. Mamm., 23:332, August 13.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Reported only from Bagdad (Hall, 1951:41).

Dipodomys merriami atronasus Merriam Merriam's Kangaroo Rat

1894. Dipodomys merriami atronasus Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 9:113, June 21, type from Hacienda La Parada, about 25 mi. NW San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Mexican Plateau in western part of state.

Specimens examined are tentatively assigned to Dipodomys merriami atronasus. They differ from typical atronasus as pointed out by Lidicker (1960:177). He noted that individuals from the eastern edge of the range of D. m. atronasus were slightly paler than typical specimens, but I found Tamaulipan material to be much darker, especially behind the nose and ears (blackish instead of brownish), than specimens from Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas.

Specimens examined were collected under the same conditions and in the same areas as D. ordii durranti. The average weight of 20 adults (11 females and nine males) was 46.6 (38-50) grams.

Records of occurrences.—Specimens examined, 27: Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 16; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 4; 15 mi. N Tula, 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 3; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 3.

Additional record: Tula (Lidicker, 1960:178).

Liomys irroratus Mexican Spiny Pocket Mouse

This species is probably the most common rodent in Tamaulipas. It was taken at almost every locality sampled and was associated with many other kinds of rodents. Its distribution is state-wide with the exception of the extreme northwestern part. Two subspecies are represented in Tamaulipas, L. i. alleni, which occurs in the western side of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the southwest part of the state, and L. i. texensis, which occupies the rest of the range of the species in the state.

At Soto la Marina specimens were taken in dense brush, around the cultivated fields; no burrows were seen and all specimens were trapped before 10:00 p.m. On the Sierra de Tamaulipas, Liomys was collected in practically all microhabitats. In the vicinity of San Fernando, individuals were trapped in a dry area in which vegetation consisted of mesquite, cactus and chollas; the ground there was covered with dry leaves and small sticks, and burrows were found near the base of the mesquite bushes. One specimen was taken near the house of a woodrat. Two kilometers west of El Carrizo, where Liomys irroratus is called "ratón tuza," specimens were collected on rocks inclined at an angle of about twenty-five degrees that were covered with zacatón grass and some bushes. Some individuals were taken in a sugar cane field that was surrounded by bushes and tall grass; Baiomys taylori, Sigmodon hispidus, and Peromyscus leucopus were taken in the line of traps. One specimen was caught in a trap baited with banana.

Some dates concerning reproduction of Liomys irroratus in Tamaulipas are as follows: La Pesca, May 25, one female lactating and one female pregnant with 4 embryos that measured 8 mm.; Jaumave, July 26-29, three females lactating and three pregnant females that carried 6 embryos (6 mm.), 6 embryos (15 mm.), and 5 embryos (15 mm.); Palmillas, July 23, a female with 1 embryo measuring 6 mm.; Nicolás, October 19, a female carrying 4 embryos measuring 3 mm.

Liomys irroratus alleni (Coues)

1881. Heteromys alleni Coues, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8:187, March, type from Río Verde, San Luis Potosí.

1911. Liomys irroratus alleni, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 34:56, September 7.

Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Extreme southwestern part of state.

This subspecies is easily distinguished from L. i. texensis by the following features: hind foot larger, 31.5 (30-33.5) instead of 27.8 (27-29); skull longer, 34.2 (32.4-36.4) instead of 31.5 (30.0-32.5); maxillary tooth-row longer, 5.4 (5.0-5.8) instead of 5.0 (4.8-5.1); interorbital constriction relatively narrower in alleni. Intergradation between L. i. alleni and L. i. texensis takes place at Rancho Santa Rosa (where, of the two specimens, one is conspicuously larger than the other), eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos, El Encino, and Ejido Santa Isabel. All specimens from the localities mentioned are here assigned to texensis.

Weight of three pregnant females averaged 68.9 (64-78) grams, that of non-pregnant females, 65.6 (64-68), and that of six males 73.0 (65-80).

Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 34: Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 6; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 23; 16 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 2.

Additional records: Miquihuana (Goldman, 1911:56); Tula (Hooper and Handley, 1958:18).

Liomys irroratus texensis Merriam

1902. Liomys texensis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:44, March 5, type from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas.

1911. Liomys irroratus texensis, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 34:59, September 7.