INDEX

À Becket, St. Thomas. See 'St. Thomas.'

Addington, megalithic remains at, 253 (note 2).

Adie, Mrs., her valuable book, The Pilgrim's Way, referred to, 136, 214.

Albury, 'Weston Street' old name of, 136 (note 2).

—— Church, old (SS. Peter and Paul), passed, according to Ordnance map, to south by Old Road, 110 (note).

—— Park, preservation of Old Road in, 82; discussion of Old Road in, 174, 175.

—— Wood. See 'Weston.'

Alfred, desecration of grave of, 125.

Alresfords, the, not on the Old Road, 127; medieval road to, from Alton, 129, 130 (note 1).

Alton, battle of, mentioned, 126; approach to medieval road to Alresford from, 129, 130 (note 1); approach to, described, 144-146.

Anchor, Inn at Ropley, 137, 138 (map).

Anglo-Saxon Period, character of, 83-85. See also Dark Ages.

Antiquity, fascination of, 10.

Arthur's Seat (near Redhill), exceptional passage of Old Road to north of crest at, 106 (note); described on journey, 209.

Avebury, and Stonehenge, mark convergence of prehistoric roads, 16.

Aylesford, a crossing of the Medway, its claims discussed, 245-248; and map, 236; 253 (note 2).

Barfleur, last southern port of 'Second Crossing,' 49, 50.

Barrow, near Chilham, 269.

Bentley, passage of Old Road by, 149.

Betchworth Lime Pits, passed on journey and described, 188-193.

Bigberry Camp, fort of Canterbury, stormed by Caesar, 43; compared with St. Catherine's Hill at Winchester, 70; Professor Boyd-Dawkins's examination of, 271 (note), visited on journey and described, 273-275.

Bishopstoke, church of, on site of Druidical stone circle, 109.

Bishop Sutton, church of, passage of Old Road as near as possible to south of, 110; mentioned in Domesday, 130; passed on our journey, 134.

Bittern (Clausentum), example of Roman use of Second Crossing, 55.

Bletchingly, example of Old Road on crest of hill, 107.

Boughton Aluph, hills beyond, example of Old Road on crest of hill, 107.

—— —— Church, example of church passed to south, 110; passed on journey, 265; discussion of road to eastward of, 265, 266.

Boulogne, principal historic, but probably not earliest, southern port of Straits of Dover, 35.

Box Hill, its appearance from Denbies at evening described, 178; track of Road recovered on, 181.

Boxley, Roman and British coins found at, 253 (note 2).

—— Abbey, site of referred to, 240; Roman and British coins found at, 253.

Boyd-Dawkins, Professor, his examination of Bigberry Camp, 271 (and note).

Brackham Warren, passage of Old Road by, 186.

Brading, example of Roman use of Second Crossing, 55.

Brisland Lane, coincident with Old Road, 140.

Britain, Roman. See 'Roman Britain.' (Conservation of antiquities in, 81-82.)

British Coins, discovered at Gatton, 203; at Aylesford, 245; at Boxley, 253 (note 2).

Brixbury Wood, passage of Old Road along, 162.

Broad Street, near Lenham, place-name significant of passage of Old Road, 136 (note 2).

Bull Inn, near Bentley, approach of Old Road to River Wey at, 152.

Burford Bridge, error caused by passage of Pilgrimage at, 95 (note); not crossed by Old Road, 182-184.

Burham, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, 110; passed on journey, 253.

Bury Hill Camp, on original track of Old Road, 27.

Butts, the, at Alton, entry both of medieval and prehistoric roads, 145.

Caesar, first eye-witness of conditions of southern Britain, 24; fort at Canterbury stormed by him, 43, 275.

Calais, probably first southern port of the Straits of Dover, 34-35.

Calvados, reef of, 50.

Camp, of Canterbury (Bigberry Wood), stormed by Caesar, 43; of Winchester (St. Catherine's hill), 70; of Holmbury, Farley Heath, and Anstie Bury, alluded to, 170-171; of Oldbury, of Fosbery, 253 (note 2); Bigberry described, 273-275.

Camps, of Winchester and Canterbury compared, 70.

Canterbury, why the goal of Old Road in its final form, causes of development of, 31-42; created by necessity of central depôt for Kentish ports, 41; importance of its position on the Stour, 42; resistance to Caesar, 43; origin of its religious character, 44; compared with Winchester, 66-71; entered by Westgate, 277.

—— Cathedral, visited, 278-280.

Cassiterides, their identification with Scilly Isles doubtful, 20.

Chalk, has preserved Old Road, 75-76; third cause of preservation of Old Road fully discussed, 97, 98; excursion upon, 189-192.

Chantries Wood, 163.

Charing, block of St. John at, 94; example of church passed to north, 111, 257; described, 260, 261; rhyme on, 261 (note).

Chawton Wood, medieval road from Alton to Alresford passed through, 136 (note 1).

—— Village, passed, 146.

Chevening Park, passage of Old Road across, 217.

—— church, example of Old Road passing to north, 111.

Chequers Inn, Ropley, passage of Old Road through garden of, 138.

Chilham, church, mentioned, 94; probable diversion of Old Road at, by Pilgrimage, 95 (note); probability of Old Road passing south of hill at, 106 (note); church probably passed from south, 110; Park crossed, 269; discussion as to track of Road east of, 267-273 (and map).

Chilterns, the, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, 16; connection with Icknield Way, 23.

Christianity, effect of a main road on its development, 7.

Churches, Wells in. See 'Wells.' Often built on pre-Christian sites, 109; passed to south by Old Road, list of, 108-110; of King's Worthy, Itchen Stoke, Bishop Sutton, Seale, Puttenham, St. Catherine's, St. Martha's, Albury, Shere, Merstham, Titsey, Chevening, Bishopstoke, Snodland, Burham, Lenham, Charing, Eastwell, Chilham, etc. See under name of place.

Clausentum. See Bittern.

Clay, Old Road often lost on, 75; how avoided by Old Road in Upper Valley of Wey, 152 (and note); above Quarry Hangers, argument against identity of Pilgrim's Road with Prehistoric, 205.

Cobham Farm, Old Road lost at, 258.

Coldrum (or Trottescliffe), megalithic monument, 252-253 (and note), and 236 (map).

Colekitchen Combe, passage of Old Road across, 177.

Colley Farm, Roman remains at, 197.

—— Hill, example of Old Road on crest of hill, 107; described with map, 196.

Compton, probable diversion of Old Road through, by Pilgrimage, 95 (note); also 159, 160.

Cotentin, promontory of the, its value as a breakwater to the 'Second Crossing,' 46, 50; height of shore hills upon, 48.

Cotswolds, the, their position in scheme of prehistoric road, 16, 23.

Cowes, as a harbour of Second Crossing, 55.

'Crossing, Second.' See 'Second Crossing.'

Cultivation avoided by Old Road, exceptions to this, 148-149.

Cuxton, a possible crossing of the Medway, map, 236; its claims discussed, 244.

Darent, river crossing, of, 219-225.

Dark Ages, reproduce barbaric conditions previous to Roman Conquest, 65.

Denbies Park, clear trace of Old Road along edge of, 178.

Detling, 257.

Domesday, Worthies mentioned in, 121 (note); three churches at Alresford mentioned in, 129; Bishop Sutton mentioned in, 130; Wrotham, Oxford, Charing mentioned in, 221.

Dorking Lime Pits, track lost after, 178.

Dorsetshire Downs, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, 16, 23.

Dover, Straits of, harbour of, originally an inlet, modern artificial character of, 36. See Straits.

Downs. See North, South, Dorsetshire.

Drovers, preserve old tracks by avoiding turnpike roads, 95; their road to London after Shere confused with Old Road, 176.

Dun Street, near Eastwell Park, place-name significant of passage of Old Road, 136 (note 2); passed on journey, 262.

Duthie, his record of medieval road from Alresford to Alton, 136 (note 1).

Eastwell Park, preservation of Old Road, 82; passage through on journey, 263.

Ermine Street, alluded to, 19; less affected than Icknield Way by revolution of the twelfth century, 87.

Farnham, marks ends of North Down Ridge, 26; on original track of Old Road, 27; strategical and political importance of, 153-154.

Farnham Lane, marks end of disused western portion of Old Road, 27.

Flanking Roads, 107.

Folkestone, one of modern harbours on northern shore of the Straits, its artificial character, 36.

Ford, of Itchen at Itchen Stoke, discussed, 130-133 (and map); of Wey at Shalford, position of, 166-167 (and map); of Mole, discussed, 181-183; of Medway, or crossing, fully discussed, 236-253.

Fords, Old Road chooses those approached by a spur on either side, 111.

Fordwych, original limit of tide on Stour, 43.

Fosse Way, alluded to, 19; begins to disappear with advent of Middle Ages, 87.

Froyle, passage of Old Road by, 152.

Gatton, exceptional passage of Old Road to north of crest at, 106 (note); speculation on history of, 201; track of Old Road through, and passage to north of crest described, 199 (note), 202-203.

Geological conditions of exit from Winchester, 122; of upper Wey valley, 152 (and note); of Quarry Hangers, 205; of crossing of Medway in general, 244-251; of Snodland in particular, 250-251.

Gilbert Street, place-name suggesting passage of Old Road, 137.

Glastonbury, example of original importance of West Country, 22.

Gloucester, medieval tax on iron at, 20.

Godmersham, exceptional passage of Old Road to north of crest at, 106 (note); track of Road at, 267-269 (and map).

Goodnestone, village of, geographical centre of Kentish ports, why unsuitable as a political centre, 42.

Goodwin Sands, probably prehistoric, 39.

Greystone Lime Pits, Merstham, recovery of Old Road at, 206.

'Grey Wethers,' name of platform beyond Medway opposite Wrotham, 233.

Grésivaudan, example of advantage of Partial Isolation, 30.

Gris Nez, look-out towards English shore, 32; forbids harbours near it, but provides shelter to eastward coast, 34.

Gomshall, doubt as to passage of Old Road at, 176.

'Habits,' of the Old Road, list of, 104-113.

Hamble, River, as a harbour of the 'Second Crossing,' 54.

Harbours, multiplicity of, in Straits of Dover, produced by complexity of tides, 31, 32, 35; list of original and modern, on northern shore of the Straits, 35; of Southampton Water, Solent, and Spithead, excellence of, 55; list of, on Solent and Southampton Water, 55.

Harrietsham, 257.

Hart Hill, Old Road recovered at, 258.

Hastings, mirage at, alluded to, 34.

Haverfield, his map giving Roman road from north gate of Winchester, 124 (note).

Headbourne Worthy, arguments for and against its standing on Old Road, 120-125; mentioned in Domesday, 121.

High Cross, compared to Gatton, 201.

Hills, ranges of, correspond with prehistoric roads, 15-16 (with map); crest of, usually avoided by Old Road, 106.

Hoborough, Roman remains in, 253 (note 2).

Hog's Back, hill near Farnham, continues range of North Downs, 26; affords example of turnpike protecting Old Road, 96; excellent example of 'Flanking Road,' 107; passage of Old Road along, 156 et seq.

Hollingbourne, 257.

Horizons, of Barfleur and St. Catherine's, 48 (map), 50.

'Hundred Stones,' the, megalithic monument, 254 (note 2).

Hyde Abbey, site and ruins of, 123-125.

Icknield Way, alluded to, 22; begins to disappear in Middle Ages, 87.

Inns, Anchor, Chequers, Jolly Farmer, Kentish Drover, etc. See under these names.

Iron, its early production in West England, 23; in the Sussex Weald, 24.

Islands, examples of advantages of Partial Isolation, 31.

Isle of Wight, its projection southward invites 'Second Crossing,' 46; importance of St. Catherine's Hill in, 51; harbours of, and reef off Ventnor, 55.

Isolation, Partial, Geographical, political advantages of, 22-31.

Itchen Abbas, origin of name, 126; Roman villa discovered near, 126 (note); passed on our journey, 125.

Itchen, river, continuation of Southampton Water, 56; compared to Stour, 68, 69; made navigable by Lucy, 130; view of, from Alresford Hill, 133-134; crossing of, at Itchen Stoke, 130-133 (and map).

—— Valley of, forms Winchester to Farnham Road, 60.

Itchen Stoke, old church of, passage of Old Road to south of, 110; site and date of destruction of, 126.

—— Ford at, Old Road passes Itchen by, 128-133 (and map); passed on our journey, 132.

Jews occupied principal street of Winchester, 118; their wealth in early Middle Ages, 118 (note).

Jolly Farmer, Inn at Puttenham, 160.

Kemsing, manor of, 226; on map, 227.

Kent, shape of, forces Old Road westward, 18; causes complexity of tides in Straits of Dover, 31-32.

Kentish Drover, the, 253 (note 1).

King's Worthy, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, 110; mentioned in Domesday, 121 (note); its situation on Old Road discussed, 120-125; passed on our journey, 125.

Kit's Coty House, referred to, 248 (note 1); visited, 253, 254.

Knockholt Farm, east of Chilham, Old Road recovered at, 270.

Land-fall, importance of, 52.

Landlords, their conservation of antiquities, 82.

Lead, mined in early times in the north, 19; in the west, 20.

Len, River, 259.

Lenham, traces of flanking road above, 107; church of, example of passage to north, 111; passed, 257.

Lime Pits, Dorking, Betchworth, etc., see under their separate names; a mark of Old Road, 192-193.

London, growth of importance of as Roman rule failed, 65; ousts Winchester, 87.

Longnose Point, alluded to, 38.

Lower Halling, a crossing of the Medway, its claims discussed, 248-249; and map, 236.

Lucy, Bishop of Winchester, renders Itchen navigable, 130.

Lymington, as a harbour of Second Crossing, 54.

Lympne. See Portus Lemanis.

Maiden Way, alluded to, 19.

Marden Park, track of Old Road round, and map, 211.

Margery Wood, passage of Old Road by, 198.

Martyrs' Worthy, passed on journey, 125.

Medina, river, as a harbour of the 'Second Crossing,' 54.

Medstead, watershed near, mentioned, 113.

Medway, River, crossing of, fully discussed, with map, 236-253.

—— Valley of, view over, from Wrotham described, 231-233.

Megalithic Monument. See Kit's Coty House, Addington, Coldrum, etc.

Mendips, their importance as a metallic centre, 20.

Merstham, probable diversion of Old Road at, by Pilgrimage, 95 (note); example of church passed to south, 110.

—— House, passage of Old Road through grounds of, 204.

Metals, mined originally in West England, 19.

Method of Reconstruction of Old Road, 100-104.

Mole, river, point of crossing discussed, 181-183; with map, 182.

Monk's Hatch, passage of Old Road through, 162.

Neolithic Man, his principal seat on green-sand south of North Downs, 23; endurance of relics of, 73.

North Country, not important in early times, 19.

—— Downs, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, 16; the original and necessary platform of the Old Road, 24-25 (with map); view of these from Wrotham, 231; 'funnel' formed by them at passage of Medway, 237; road leaves them after Charing, 260.

—— Street, place-name suggesting passage of Old Road, 137.

Old Road, why the most important of English prehistoric roads, 17-24; its first track sketched, 25; why it ended at Canterbury, 31-42; why it began at Winchester, 44-58; short cut from Winchester to Farnham gradually superseded original western portion, 59-61 (with map); final form of, 62 (with map); causes of preservation of, 72-99; proportion of known to unknown, 100-101 (with map); characteristics or 'habits' of, 104-113. Its track from north gate of Winchester to King's Worthy, 120-125; coincidence of, with modern road from King's Worthy to Itchen Stoke, 124; arguments in favour of its crossing the Itchen at Itchen Stoke, 127-132; recovering of lost portion in Ropley Valley, 132-136; corresponds to high-road after Alton, causes of this, 149-154; diversion at Puttenham, 158; crosses Wey, 163-166; passes St. Martha's, north of Weston Wood, Albury Park, 170-175; crosses Mole at Pixham Mill, 180-183; passes Betchworth Pits, 188; lost after Merstham and recovered, 204-207; discussion of track near Marden Park, 211; and across Titsey Park, 214-216; its loss after Chevening, 217; typical section of, 225-230 (with map); its crossing of Medway discussed, 236-253; clear along Downs to Charing, 256-260; crosses Eastwell Park, Boughton Aluph, Godmersham, Chilham Park, 263-269; lost for two miles east of Chilham, 270-271 (and map); passes Bigberry Camp, 273; enters Canterbury by Westgate, 277.

Old Wives' Lees, doubts as to passage of Old Road by, 270-271 (and map).

Ordie, Domesday name for 'Worthy,' 121 (note).

Ordnance Map, 6-inch to the mile, probably wrong in track of Roman Road from north gate of Winchester, 124 (note); error in track given from Arthur's Seat to Oxted railway cutting, 213.

Ordnance Map, 1/2500, references to fields at Ropley, 138 (notes 1, 2, 3), 139 (note); at Puttenham, 158 (note); Weston Wood, 174 (note); doubts as to track given by it through Albury Park, 174; recovery of Old Road after Gomshall, 177 (note); probable error east of Shere, 176; crossing of Mole, 183 (note); crest of Colley Hill, 197; error of, in regard to Gatton Park, 199 (note); Merstham to Quarry Hangers, 207 (note); east of Marden Park, 212 (note); east of Chevening, 218 (note); passage of Medway, 253 (note); error of, east and north of Eastwell Park, and east and north of Boughton Aluph church, 265-266 (notes 1 and 2).

Otford, passage of Old Road through, 218; battles of, 220; palace of, 220, 221.

Oxted, error caused by approach of pilgrimage to plain of, 95 (note).

Oxted Railway Cutting, track of Old Road from Marden Park to, 211-212 (and map).

Paddlesworth, passage of Old Road, 253 (note 1).

Palace of Archbishops of Canterbury at Otford, 220-223.

Park, Albury, Monk's Hatch, Denbies, Gatton, Merstham, Titsey, Chevening, Stede Hill, Eastwell, Godmersham, Chilham. See under these names.

Pebble Combe, passage of Old Road across, 194-196 (and map).

Pilgrimage, to shrine of St. Thomas at Canterbury, preserves the Old Road, 76-81; change of date of, 91; rapid development of, 91-92; ancient sites restored by, 93; but also prehistoric track sometimes confused by list of places so affected, 96 (and note); example at Ropley of its recovery of Old Road, 136 (and note); confuses record of passing of River Mole, 181; diversion caused to Road after Merstham, 205; and Old Wives' Lees, 271.

Pilgrim's Lane, near Merstham, 205.

Pixham Mill, Old Road crosses Mole at, 182 (map), and 183 (note).

Porchester, example of Roman use of 'Second Crossing,' 55.

Portsmouth, as a harbour of the 'Second Crossing,' 54.

Portus Adurni, possibly origin of a track to London, 200; doubts on its equivalence to Shoreham, 200.

Portus Lemanis, the modern Lympne, perhaps original of Old Road, 27; its connection with the earliest crossing of the Straits, 35.

Puttenham, apparent exception to straightness of Old Road at, mentioned, 105; example of church passed to south, 110; medieval market at, 158; diversion of Old Road at, discussed, 159-161 (and map); neolithic and bronze remains at, 161.

Quarley Hill, on original track of Old Road, 27.

Quarry Hangers, east of Red Hill, too steep to take Old Road, 205, 206; arrival at summits of, 207.

Ramsgate, one of modern harbours on northern shore of Straits, its artificial character, 36.

Reconstruction of Old Road. See 'Method.'

Reculvers, one of original harbours in connection with crossing Straits of Dover, 35.

Reef, of Calvados, 50; off Ventnor, 55.

Reformation, effect of, on Old Road, 221-224.

Reigate, derivation of name of, and relation to Old Road, 199.

Religion, effect of a road on development of, 7; effect of Dark Ages on, in Britain, 80; preserves and recovers Old Road, 92-94.

Representative System, monastic origin of, 86.

Richborough, one of original harbours on northern shore of the Straits, 35 (Rutupiae); alternative harbour in original crossing, 36.

Road, the, primeval importance of, 4-5.

—— Old. See 'Old Road.'

Road, Roman. See 'Roman Road.'

—— Flanking. See 'Flanking Roads.'

—— Turnpike. See 'Turnpike.'

Roads, prehistoric, in England, correspond to five hill ranges, 15 (with map); difficulty of recovering, 74-75; especially preserved in Britain, 78; and their destruction in twelfth century, 84, 85.

Roman Britain, imperfect occupation of, 76, 77.

Roman Coins, discovery of, at Gatton, 203; at Boxley, 253 (note 2).

Roman Remains, near Itchen Abbas, 126 (and note); near Farnham, 153; at Colley Farm and Walton Heath, 197; at Titsey Park, 214; at Lower Halling, Snodland, Burham, Little Culand, 251; Plaxtol and Thurnham, Boxley, 253 (note 2).

Roman Road, definite character of a, 74; from Winchester to Silchester, site of, 119, 124 (and note); conjectural from Portus Adurni to London, 200; at base of Upwood Scrubbs, 208.

Ropley, passage of Pilgrimage through, and position on Old Road, 136 (and note); valley of, track of Old Road through, 137 (map).

Rutupiae. See Reculvers.

Rye, one of original harbours on northern shores of Straits, 35.

St. Catherine's Chapel, near Guildford, discussed in connection with passage of River Wey, 163-165.

—— Down, in Isle of Wight. See 'Isle of Wight.'

—— Hill, camp at Winchester, compared to Bigberry Camp, 70.

St. Martha's, doubtful whether passed to north or south, 110; derivation of name, 170; described, passed, 172.

St. Swithin, his shrine at Winchester, 71.

St. Thomas à Becket, his shrine at Canterbury destroys that of St. Swithin at Winchester, 71; pilgrimage to tomb of, see 'Pilgrimage'; his martyrdom, turning-point of twelfth century, 89; date of martyrdom, jubilee and translation, 91; his chapel at Reigate, 200.

Salisbury Plain, area of convergence of prehistoric roads, 16.

Sandwich, one of harbours on northern shore of Straits, 35.

Scilly Isles, their identification with Cassiterides doubtful, 20.

'Second Crossing,' passage of Channel from Cotentin to Wight so called, 46; its advantages, 48; map of, 49; high land marking either shore, 50-51; great advantage of its English harbours, 55; the direct route to the centre at Salisbury Plain, 56; principal cause of development of Winchester, ibid.

Seale, church of, passage of Old Road as near as possible to south of, 110; passed, 157.

Seine, estuary of, its importance in production of Second Crossing, 48, 49 (and map).

Severn, valley of, importance as metallic centre, 20.

Shalford, Becket's fair at, 158; passage of Wey at, discussed, 164-167 (and map).

Shere, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, doubtful, 110; probable track of Old Road through, described, 175.

Shoelands, passed on journey, 157; significance of name, 157.

Shrines, of Winchester and Canterbury compared, 71; of St. Thomas à Becket. See 'St Thomas.'

Snodland, church of, passage of Old Road to south of, 110; crossing of Medway at, discussed, 248-253 (and map), 236.

South Country, originally wealthiest portion of the island, 23, 24.

Southampton Water, Solent, and Spithead, regarded as one harbour, north of 'Second Crossing,' 55.

South Downs, their position in scheme of prehistoric roads, 16.

Stane Street, example of evidences of a Roman road, 74; disuse in Middle Ages, 87; crosses Mole at Burford Bridge, 185.

Stoke, meaning of, in place-names, 127.

Stonehenge, and Avebury, mark convergence of prehistoric roads, 16; original starting-point of Old Road, 27.

Stour, River, importance of in development of Canterbury, 42, 43; compared to Itchen, 68, 69; source in Lenham, 259; entry of Old Road into valley of, 260, 262.

Straits of Dover, importance of, to England alluded to, 17; discussed at length, 29-40; complexity of tides in, 32; opposite shores visible, 32; original harbours of, 35; original crossing of, 37-39.

Street, Stane, Ermine, Watling. See under these names.

Street, in place-names indicates passage of a road, 136 (and note 2).

Swegen, his march through the Worthies, 126.

Thomas à Becket, St. See 'St. Thomas.'

Ticino, example of advantage of partial isolation, 30.

Tide, multiplicity of harbours due to their complexity, 31-32; in Straits of Dover, 37-39; limit of, on Stour, 43; and on Itchen, forming Canterbury and Winchester, 68; political importance of limit of, e.g. at Snodland, 252.

Tin, mined originally in Cornwall, 20.

Titsey Church, old, example of church passed to south by Old Road, 110; passed on journey, 216.

—— Park, discoveries in, mentioned, 82; flanking road on hills to east of, 107; Roman remains of, and passage of Old Road through, 214.

Towns, inland, advantages for defence over seaports, 67; avoided by Old Road, exceptions to this, 149.

Trottescliffe. See Coldrum.

Turnpike Roads, second cause of preservation of Old Road, 76, 95.

Twelfth Century, revolution of the, 84-87.

Upwood Scrubbs, near Caterham, Old Road lost in, 208.

Valleys, examples of advantages of partial isolation, 31; of Wey, Itchen, Darent, Medway, etc. See under these names.

Varne, sand-buoy, alluded to, 37.

Walton Heath, Roman remains at, 197.

Watershed, method of crossing one, 60-61; that between Itchen and Wey, 61-62 (and map); proximity of, to Medstead, 113; direct approach to, an argument for Itchen Stoke Ford, 131; also for coincidence of Old Road with Brisland Lane, 135; how approached from Ropley valley, 137 (and map); passed on journey, 140; map of, in detail, 143; of Medway and Stour, 259.

Watling Street, alluded to, 18; preserved when others disappeared in twelfth and thirteenth centuries, 86.

Wells, in churches, list of, 57 (note).

Welsh Road, preserved, like the Old Road, by turnpikes, 95-96.

West Country, importance of, in early times, 19-22; spirit of, 21.

Weston, or Albury Wood, Old Road passes to north of, 106 (note); this part of road described in journey, 173.

Weston Street, old name for Albury, significant of passage of Old Road, 136 (note 2).

West Street, near Lenham, place-name significant of passage of Old Road, 136 (note 2).

Wey River, discussion of how crossed by Old Road near Shalford, 164-167 (and map).

—— valley of, forms Winchester to Farnham road, 60; its geological conditions beyond Alton, 152 (and note); coincidence of Old and modern road in, 149-152 (and map); Roman remains in, 153.

Whitchurch, on original track of Old Road, 27.

Whiteways, point in Hog's Back where Old Road branches from Turnpike, 156.

Wight, Isle of. See 'Isle of Wight.'

Winchelsea, one of original harbours on northern shore of Straits, 35.

Winchester, why the origin of Old Road in its final form, causes of development of, 45-57; inland town of the Second Crossing, 56; great age of, 56; compared to Chartres, 57; compared with Canterbury, 66-71; beginning of decay of, after twelfth century, 87; arrangement of Roman streets in, 117; site of north gate of, 118.

Winds, prevailing in Straits of Dover, 33; effect of, on original crossing, 34; prevailing, of 'Second Crossing,' 48 (map), 49.

Worthies, Headbourne, King's, Martyrs'. See under these names.

Wrotham, relation of, to Old Road, 226-227 (and map); view from, 231-233.

Wye, in Kent, why unsuitable as a centre for Kentish ports, 42-44.

Yaldham, relation of, to Old Road, 226, 227 (and map).

Yarmouth, in Isle of Wight one of harbours of Second Crossing, 54.

Yews, often mark Old Road, 103; indicate recovery of road at Box Hill, 186.

Yew Walk, at Albury, mentioned, 174.

York, why Roman capital, 65.

Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to His Majesty at the Edinburgh University Press