Volume 1 — SOUTHERN ATHAPASCAN COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY
Reading edition
Anatomical Terms
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
ankle-joint ko-ká̆ ĭlh-rŭ-nŭ-ni-wú ké̆t-sin a-ké̆ts-in
arm ko-gún gŏn a-gán
blood dĭlh tí̆l-thĕ dĭlh
bone its-í̆n í̆ts-ĭn ts'ĭn
chest i-tí̆l ko-yé̆-tĕ a-jĕ-í̆ts-in
chin ko-yé̆-dâ ĭs-é̆-tâ á̆-yăts-in
ear id-já ĭd-já ă-já
elbow ko-gún ĭlh-rŭ-nŭ-ni-wú ĭd-an-hlá osh-lé
eye in-dá̆ ĭt-á ăn-án
face ko-ní ĭn-ní ăn-ín
finger ko-lụ-zhúzh in-lấ shĭ-lă
finger-nail ko-lụ-gún in-lâ-gó̆n shĭ-lá̆sh-gân
foot ko-ké̆ i-ká kĕ
hair tsĭ-rấ ĭt-sé̆ tsi-ghá̆
hand ko-gún u-lá shí-lă
head kots-its-í̆n í̆ts-ĭts-ĭn sí̆ts-ĭts-in
heart kod-jí did-jú-la ko-chá a-je-id-í̆sh-jalh
knee ko-qút ĭ-kó ă-whód
leg kod-jấk ĭ-jấd ă-jấd
lip su-sŭ-bâ-né̆ ĭ-tấ ă-dấ
lungs kod-jí ĭ-tâ-lé̆ a-jé
mouth ko-zá ĭ-zé̆ si-zé
neck ko-gús ĭ-kó̆s ăk-ás
nose ko-chí ĭ-chín ă-chí̆n
nostril kó-ní̆ ĭn-né̆ ă-ní̆n
shoulder ko-hwás ĭh-hwás ă-hwás
toe ko-kĕ-zhúzh ĭh-ké̆sh a-ké̆
toe-nail ko-kĕ-gún ĭh-ké̆sh-gŏn a-ké̆sh-gân
tongue kŏ-zá ĭh-zá-tĕ a-tsó
tooth ko-wú ĭh-gwó a-hwó
Animals (See also Foods)
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
antelope já-gĕ tá-ga-tĕ jú̆-dĭ
badger bụ-ntă-lé̆ na-gans-chi-tn ná-as-chĭd
bat cha-bâ-né̆ cha-na-mi-ín jâ-a-bá-nĭ
bear sŭsh shash sŭsh
beaver cha cha cha
blue-bird rụsh-tá du-tlí̆sh dó-lo dó-lĭ
buffalo bĭ-shĭsh-jík ă-yán-dĕ a-yá-nĭ
buzzard chi-shó-gĭ ta-chá-ze jé-sho
chipmunk gụ-sụs-sí ĭn-se-zú-so tsĭd-í̆t-í̆-nĭ
coyote ban tsil-i-té̆n mai
crow gấ-gĕ kấ-gĕ gấ-gĕ
deer bin bin bin
eagle tsá-cho i-tsá a-tsá
elk bin-nal-dé̆ tzĕs tzĕ
gopher na-ilh-tlí-gi ma-í-nĕ-lin na-a-zí-si
hawk ĭt-sấ ĭt-sé̆-so-yĕ g'í̆-ni
mountain lion ndú-chú ĕn-tó-yĕ nash-tu-í-tso
mountain sheep dĕ-bé̆-chụ zi-dĕ-bé̆ tsĕ-tú̆-dĕ-bĕ
owl bụ yí-yĕ nás-cha
rat (wood) klósh-chụ klé̆-tso klĕ-é̆-tso
skunk gụ-lízh-ĭ kĕl-din-shé̆n wo-lí̆-zhi
spider na-alht-lo-lé̆ mans-ché̆ nash-jé'i
squirrel tsĕ-skús-si na-jĭl-kái-ĭ t'lá-zi
turkey tá-zhĭ ká-zhĭ tá-zhĭ
wolf ban-chú bai-é̆-tso mai-í̆-tso
[pg 140]
Zahadolzhá - Navaho
From Copyright Photograph 1904 by E.S. Curtis
Cardinal Points
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
north nâ-ak-ku-sé̆ bi-yâ-yó ná-ko-sŭ bi-ya-yé̆ nó̑-ho-kos
south nụ-dĭt-ú̆ bi-yâ-yó sha-tí ai-yé̆ shŭ-tŭ-ú̆
east hụ-nâ-ĭt-ú̆kh bi-yâ-yó sha-há ai-yé̆ há-ĭ
west on-ụd-ú̆kh bi-yâ-yó sha-í ai-yé̆ i-yŭ-ú̆
zenith nokh-gé̆h-yo ya-alh-ní-gĭ
nadir nokh-tlúh-yo a-yá-ĭ dĕs-á-ĭ-gĭ
Colors
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
black dí̆lh-kĭh dí̆lh-ĭ-li dí̆lh-kĭh
blue du-tlí̆sh-ĭ dá-tlĭsh do-tlí̆sh-ĭ
brown hĭsh-tlí̆zh klĭ-pá dí̆-nĭl-zhĭn
gray qụl-bấ tnĕ-ná-tlĭsh klĕ-pá
green tlŏh-du-tlí̆zh-a yĕ-dá-tlĭsh dó-tlĭsh
red tli-chú klĭ-chí klĕ-chí
white tli-kái klĭ-kái klĕ-kái
yellow tli-tsó klĭ-tsó klé̆-tso
Foods (Primitive)
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
acorns chĭd-jí̆l na-tó-ka-tsĕ ché̆-chĭl bi-ná
antelope já-gĕ ta-gá-tĕ jú̆-dĭ
beans (native) bé̆s-tsoz ná-o-hlĕ-tsos-tĕt nú̆-o-hlĭ
cedar berries dĭl-tú-hla du-tlí̆sh-ĭ kal-tú-stĕ-ih dit-zé̆
corn na-tán na-tán na-tán
deer bin bi^{n) bin
elk bin nal-dé̆ tzĕs tzĕ
grapes (wild) dŭh-tsá tŭt-zé̆ tŭt-zé̆
juniper berries dĭl-tú-hla chĭl-há-zhĕ
mescal (agave) ná-ta ná-ta ná-ta
mountain sheep dĕ-bé̆-chụ zi-dĕ-bé̆ tsĕ-tú̆-dĕ-bĕ
piñon nuts o-bé̆ nĕs-chí nĕs-chí
potatoes (wild) ĭlh-tsú si-tsí̆n-nĭ pi-ji-né̆ ná-ma-si
prairie-dogs ăn klun klun
pumpkins bĕlh-kún na-yí-zĕ na-yĭ-zĭ-chí
rabbits (jack) gah-chú gah-tsó gah-tsó
rabbits (cottontail) gah-chi-lé̆ gah-chĭ-shé̆ gah
rats (wood) klosh-chú klé̆-tso klĕ-é̆-tso
squash gó-chi bĕlh-kún na-yí-zĕ na-yí̆-zĭ
yucca fruit gu-skú̆n kash-kán kŭsh-kán
[pg 141]
Handicraft
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
arrow-point bĕsh-go-lí̆n bé̆sh-tĕ bes-ĕst-á-gi
arrow-shaft tsĭ-gấ kĭ-ĭsh-tlu-zé̆ ts'ak-á̆
basket (tray) tsâ-nas-kú̆-dĭ ĭ-tsấ ts'â
basket (burden) tú̆t-za ĭ-tsâ-nas-ká tsi-zí̆s
bow ĭlh-tí̆ ĭt-kĭn-chái alht-hín
cap cha cha cha
deerskin ĕ-pú̆n ĕ-pú̆n ĕ-pú̆n
fire-sticks kóh-tĭl-di t'tĕ wolk-án
head-band tsĭ-nóz-dĕ tsi-náz-dĕ cha
house kó-wa ko-zhán ho-gán
leggings ĭs-klé̆ tlĭ-kái ĭs-klé̆ ĕ-pú̆n ĭs-klé̆
loin-cloth chósh-ta tsa-á-tĕ t'lĕsts-ós
moccasins ĕ-pú̆n kĕ ké̆'it-zĕ kĕ
pottery nụlh-kí-dĕ bi i-dé̆ ĭ-tsá̆ kush-tí̆sh
shirt ĕ-pŭn-tlé-sĭs é̆'it-zĕ ĕ-pŭn'é̆
sweat-lodge ka-ché̆ ké̆lh-cha ta-ché̆
water bottle tus kún-chĕ-ĕ tó-zŭs
Months (Moons)8
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
January It-sá Bĭ-zhá̆zh Ku-wan-dé̆ Yăs Nlht'es
February Bụh Is-chí̆t Is-sai-zá A-tsá̆ Bĭ-yásh
March T'a Nụ-chí̆l It-á-na Chĭ-tái Wozhch'td
April T'a Nụ-chú It-á-na Tso At-ấn Chil
May Shosh-ké̆ Ku-skí It-chí At-ấn Tso
June Bin-nĭ-tsí̆ Dĭlh-tsí̆k Tấ-gĕ It-chí Nesh-já Chíl-i
July Bin-nĭ-tsí̆ Chi-é̆ Bi It-chí Nesh-já Tso
August Bi-nĭ-tún Tsos-sé̆ Kĕ-tlĕ-pé̆ Lak-tái-kĕ Bĭnt-ấn Ts'án-sĭ
September Bi-nĭ-t[ú.]n Chụ It-ha-stĭ-kí̆h Bĭnt-ấn Tso
October Rấn-zhĭ Iz-té̆-o-ĕ Ghấn-jĭ
November Ka-rúh-nụl-gụs Bin-zá-kĭ-a Nlhch-ĭ Ts'ấn-sĭ
December Sŏs-nalh-tús Bin-nai-a-shé̆ Nlhch-ĭ Tsa
[pg 142]
Hasché̆ltĭ, Haschĕbaád, Zahadolzhá—Navaho
From Copyright Photograph 1906 by E.S. Curtis
Natural Phenomena
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
ashes ĭlh-chí kus-chí-ĭsh hlesh-ch'ái
charcoal tli-té̆sh kus-chí t'ĕsh
cloud ya-kó̆s kos kos
darkness chalh-ké̆lh klin cha-halh-kélh
day dji djin jĭn
earth ni-go-stú̆n ní-to-gus-an ní-ho-ĕs-tsan
fire koh ku kŭn
ice ti i-lá tqĭn
lake tu-sĭ-kấ ko-zĭlh-ká to
light go-tí go-tíh a-dí̆n-din
lightning há-dĭlh-kĭh í-dĭlh-chĭl a-tsín-ĭl-klĭsh
Milky-way I-kú̆tl bâ-há Tsós-pai Klĕ-kái stá-ĭ
mist ât ku-bĕ-zhá-zi i-dzí
moon klĕ-ga-na-ái klĕ-na-ái klĕ-ho-na-ái
mountain tzĭlh tzĭlh tzĭlh
night klĕ kli klé-jĕ
Pleiades Nụs-ka-o-ŭ-hú Sŏns-chi-sté̆ Dí̆l-gĕ-het
rain ná-ĭl-tĭ na-golh-kín nĭt-sú̆n
rainbow hi-tsâ-tlúl ĭt-sun-to-lé̆ nads-í-lĭd
river tu-ndlí ko-dlé̆ to
rock tse tsi tsĕ
shooting-star (meteor) tĭtl-són-sé̆ nụl-tú̆ sush-na-tsé̆ sŏn-á̆-dal-dsĭd
sky yá-dĭlh-kĭh ya yá-dĭlh-kĭh
smoke tlĭk kli hlĭd
snow sŏs zŏs yăs
star tĭtl-só̆n-sĕ sons son
sun chu-ga-na-ái chun-na-ái chĕ-ho-na-ái
thunder i-dá-ndi i-dĭlh-ní í-nĭ
water tu ko to
wind ní̆l-chi nl-chi ní̆l-chi
Numerals
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
one hlá-ĭ hlá-ĭ hlá-ĭ
two ná-kĭ ná-kĭ ná-kĭ
three tá-gĭ ká-i ta
four dín-ĭ dín-ĭ din
five ăsh-tlá-ĭ á̆sh-tlĕ á̆sh-dla
six gus-tán kus-kú̆n has-tán
seven gus-tsí̆-gĭ kus-tsí̆t-i tsósts-ĕd
eight tsá-bi tsá-bi tsé-bi
nine ngus-tá-i nkus-tá-i nâas-dái
ten gú-nĕz-na kú-nĕz-ni né̆z-na
eleven hla-zá-ta hla-ĭ-zá hla-zá̆-ta
twelve na-kĭ-zá-ta na-ki-zá na-ki-zá-ta
thirteen ta-zá-ta ka-zá ta-zá-ta
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
fourteen din-zá-ta din-zá din-zấ-ta
fifteen ăsh-tla-á-ta ăsh-tlĕ-zá ăsh-dla-ấ-ta
sixteen gus-ta-á-ta kus-kŭn-zá has-tan-ấ-ta
seventeen gus-tsĭ-zá-ta kus-tsĭt-zá tsosts-ĕd-zấ-ta
eighteen tsa-bi-zá-ta tsa-bi-zá tse-bi-dzấ-ta
nineteen ngus-ta-dzá-ta nkus-ta-zá nâas-dai-dzấ-ta
twenty na-dí̆n na-tín na-dín
twenty-one na-dí̆n-hla na-tín-hla na-dín-hla
thirty ta-dí̆n ka-tín tá-din
forty dĭs-dí̆n dĭs-tín dí̆s-din
fifty ăsh-tlá-dĭn ăsh-tlé̆-tin á̆sh-dla-din
one hundred gú-nĕz-na-dĭn kú-nĕz-ni-tin né̆z-na-din
[pg 143]
Personal Terms
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
aunt ko-bá̆-zhĕ ku-bá-zhĕ shi-bí̆-zhi
baby mĕ ô-ja-zí̆ a-wé̆
boy skhĭn ĭsh-ki-ín skhi
brother (younger) ko-kí̆zn ko-kă-gé̆ na-râ-hí̆ ku-ĭ-zhá sí̆-tsĭ-lĭ
brother (elder) ko-kí̆zn ụn na-râ-hí̆ ku-na-á shí̆-nai
child châ-rá-shĕ ilh-chí̆n shĭ-yá̆zh
clan ndĕ-áz-dĭ-i ĭ-chu-gĕ-dé̆ dĭ-né̆-ĕ
enemy ĕ-ná ko-ndá a-ná
father ko-tá̆ ku-kấ-ĭ shi-zhé̆-ĕ
girl na-lí̆n ish-té̆tn at-é̆d
man ndĕ tĭn-dé̆ dĭ-né̆
medicine-man dĭ-gí̆n tin-dá-ko-ka-tlé̆ ha-tá-lĭ
mother ko-mấ ku-sí sha-mú̆
people (tribesmen) ko-kí shĕ-tĭn-dé̆ dĭ-né̆
people (strangers) tlúh-go ndé̆-hi ta-á-tso a-ná
person tsĭlh-kí̆dn ti-ní dĭ-né̆
sister (younger) ko-dĭ-zhé̆ shĕ-lá shi-dé-zhĭ
sister (elder) ko-lú shĕ-nda-té̆ shú̆d-dĭ
uncle ko-dâ-ú̆ shĕ-ka-na-tlé̆n shi-bí̆-zhi
woman ĭst-só̆n ĕs-tsán ĕs-tsán
Trees
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
cedar gá-ĭl-lĭ kálh-tĕ gad
cottonwood t'is tu-ás t'is
juniper dĭl-tút-hlĕ-chi gad náz-si
oak chi-chí̆l shun-chi-lé̆ ché̆-chĭl
pine ndĭl-chí nus-chí ndish-chí
piñon o-bĕ-tsí̆n ĭ-zĕn-chí chá̆-olh
spruce djụ-útlh kŏn-skĕ-lé̆ dishl-bái
willow gai kí̆-ĭ k'á-i
[pg 144]
Navaho Women
From Copyright Photograph 1906 by E.S. Curtis
Miscellaneous
English Apache Jicarilla Navaho
arm ko-gún gŏn a-gán
food chi-zú̆n ai-tá-i chi-án
forest gụd-nlh-chíl ku-dŏn-chíl tsĭn
god ya-á-diz-tan bi-tsa-shĕ-ndá-ĭ ye
jewels tsĕ-rụ-dé̆n-lĭg-gĕ n'klĭz
large n'chai n'tsai n'tsa
pollen há-dĭn-tĭn tlâsh tá-dĭ-tĭn
small ăl-chí̆-se ŭns-tsé̆s-tĕ yá-zhĕ
spirits chĭdn kuts-áin tsĭ*n-di
spirit-land chĭdn-túh-yo bits-áin bĕ-kĕ-yá
tobacco tzĭlh-ná-to ná-to-tĕ n'át'o
turquoise du-tlí̆sh-ĭ da-tlí̆sh-ĕ dó-tlĭsh
[pg 147]