CONTENTS OF THE FOURTH VOLUME.
John Bostock translation
BOOK XVIII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF GRAIN.
Chap. Page
1. Taste of the ancients for agriculture 1
2. When the first wreaths of corn were used at Rome 3
3. The jugerum of land 4
4. How often and on what occasions corn has sold at a remarkably low price 7
5. Illustrious men who have written upon agriculture 9
6. Points to be observed in buying land 11
7. The proper arrangements for a farm-house 13
8. Maxims of the ancients on agriculture 16
9. The different kinds of grain 19
10. The history of the various kinds of grain ib.
11. Spelt 24
12. Wheat 25
13. Barley: rice 27
14. Polenta 28
15. Ptisan 29
16. Tragum ib.
17. Amylum ib.
18. The nature of barley 30
19. Arinca, and other kinds of grain that are grown in the East 31
20. Winter wheat. Similago, or fine flour 32
21. The fruitfulness of Africa in wheat 35
22. Sesame. Erysimum or irio. Horminum 36
23. The mode of grinding corn ib.
24. Millet 38
25. Panic ib.
26. The various kinds of leaven ib.
27. The method of making bread: origin of the art 39
28. When bakers were first introduced at Rome 40
29. Alica 41
30. The leguminous plants: the bean 43
31. Lentils. Pease 46
32. The several kinds of chick-pease ib.
33. The kidney-bean 47
34. The rape ib.
35. The turnip 48
36. The lupine 49
37. The vetch 51
38. The fitch ib.
39. Silicia ib.
40. Secale or asia 52
41. Farrago: the cracca ib.
42. Ocinum: ervilia ib.
43. Lucerne 53
44. The diseases of grain: the oat 54
45. The best remedies for the diseases of grain 57
46. The crops that should be sown in the different soils 59
47. The different systems of cultivation employed by various nations 60
48. The various kinds of ploughs 62
49. The mode of ploughing ib.
50. The methods of harrowing, stubbing, and hoeing, employed for each description of grain. The use of the harrow 66
51. Extreme fertility of soil 67
52. The method of sowing more than once in the year 68
53. The manuring of land ib.
54. How to ascertain the quality of seed 69
55. What quantity of each kind of grain is requisite for sowing a jugerum 71
56. The proper times for sowing 72
57. Arrangement of the stars according to the terrestrial days and nights 74
58. The rising and setting of the stars 77
59. The epochs of the seasons 78
60. The proper time for winter sowing 79
61. When to sow the leguminous plants and the poppy 81
62. Work to be done in the country in each month respectively ib.
63. Work to be done at the winter solstice 82
64. Work to be done between the winter solstice and the prevalence of the west winds 83
65. Work to be done between the prevalence of the west winds and the vernal equinox 84
66. Work to be done after the vernal equinox 86
67. Work to be done after the rising of the Vergiliæ: hay-making 88
68. The summer solstice 92
69. Causes of sterility 97
70. Remedies against these noxious influences 101
71. Work to be done after the summer solstice 102
72. The harvest 103
73. The methods of storing corn 104
74. The vintage, and the works of autumn 107
75. The revolutions of the moon 111
76. The theory of the winds 113
77. The laying out of lands according to the points of the wind 114
78. Prognostics derived from the sun 117
79. Prognostics derived from the moon 119
80. Prognostics derived from the stars 120
81. Prognostics derived from thunder 121
82. Prognostics derived from clouds ib.
83. Prognostics derived from mists 122
84. Prognostics derived from fire kindled by man ib.
85. Prognostics derived from water ib.
86. Prognostics derived from tempests 123
87. Prognostics derived from aquatic animals and birds ib.
88. Prognostics derived from quadrupeds 124
89. Prognostics derived from plants 125
90. Prognostics derived from food ib.
BOOK XIX.
THE NATURE AND CULTIVATION OF FLAX, AND AN ACCOUNT OF VARIOUS GARDEN PLANTS.
1. The nature of flax—marvellous facts relative thereto 129
2. How flax is sown: twenty-seven principal varieties of it 131
3. The mode of preparing flax 135
4. Linen made of asbestos 136
5. At what period linen was first dyed 138
6. At what period coloured awnings were first employed in the theatres ib.
7. The nature of spartum 139
8. The mode of preparing spartum 140
9. At what period spartum was first employed 141
10. The bulb eriophorus ib.
11. Plants which spring up and grow without a root—plants which grow, but cannot be reproduced from seed 142
12. Misy; iton; and geranion 143
13. Particulars connected with the truffle 144
14. The pezica ib.
15. Laserpitium, laser, and maspetum ib.
16. Magydaris 147
17. Madder 148
18. The radicula ib.
19. The pleasures of the garden 149
20. The laying out of garden ground 154
21. Plants other than grain and shrubs 155
22. The natural history of twenty different kinds of plants grown in gardens—the proper methods to be followed in sowing them respectively ib.
23. Vegetables of a cartilaginous nature—cucumbers. Pepones 156
24. Gourds 158
25. Rape. Turnips 161
26. Radishes 162
27. Parsnips 165
28. The skirret 166
29. Elecampane 167
30. Bulbs, squills, and arum 168
31. The roots, flowers, and leaves of all these plants. Garden plants which lose their leaves 170
32. Varieties of the onion 171
33. The leek 173
34. Garlic 174
35. The number of days required for the respective plants to make their appearance above ground 177
36. The nature of the various seeds 178
37. Plants of which there is but a single kind. Plants of which there are several kinds 179
38. The nature and varieties of twenty-three garden plants. The lettuce; its different varieties 180
39. Endive 182
40. Beet: four varieties of it 183
41. Cabbages; the several varieties of them 185
42. Wild and cultivated asparagus 188
43. Thistles 190
44. Other plants that are sown in the garden: ocimum; rocket; and nasturtium 191
45. Rue ib.
46. Parsley 192
47. Mint ib.
48. Olusatrum 193
49. The caraway 194
50. Lovage ib.
51. Dittander 195
52. Gith ib.
53. The poppy 196
54. Other plants which require to be sown at the autumnal equinox 197
55. Wild thyme; sisymbrium ib.
56. Four kinds of ferulaceous plants. Hemp 198
57. The maladies of garden plants 199
58. The proper remedies for these maladies. How ants are best destroyed. The best remedies against caterpillars and flies 200
59. What plants are benefitted by salt water 201
60. The proper method of watering gardens ib.
61. The juices and flavours of garden herbs 202
62. Piperitis, libanotis, and smyrnium 203
BOOK XX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE GARDEN PLANTS.
1. Introduction 206
2. The wild cucumber: twenty-six remedies 207
3. Elaterium: twenty-seven remedies 208
4. The anguine or erratic cucumber: five remedies 209
5. The cultivated cucumber: nine remedies 210
6. Pepones: eleven remedies 211
7. The gourd: seventeen remedies. The somphus: one remedy 212
8. The colocynthis: ten remedies ib.
9. Rape: nine remedies 213
10. Wild rape: one remedy 214
11. Turnips; those known as bunion and bunias: five remedies ib.
12. The wild radish, or armoracia: one remedy 215
13. The cultivated radish: forty-three remedies ib.
14. The parsnip: five remedies. The hibiscum, wild mallow, or plistolochia: eleven remedies 218
15. The staphylinos, or wild parsnip: twenty-two remedies ib.
16. Gingidion: one remedy 219
17. The skirret: eleven remedies 220
18. Sile, or hartwort: twelve remedies 221
19. Elecampane: eleven remedies 222
20. Onions: twenty-seven remedies ib.
21. Cutleek: thirty-two remedies 223
22. Bulbed leek: thirty-nine remedies 225
23. Garlic: sixty-one remedies ib.
24. The lettuce: forty-two remedies. The goat-lettuce: four remedies 228
25. Cæsapon: one remedy. Isatis: one remedy. The wild lettuce: seven remedies ib.
26. Hawk-weed: seventeen remedies 229
27. Beet: twenty-four remedies 232
28. Limonion, or neuroides: three remedies 233
29. Endive: three remedies ib.
30. Cichorium or chreston, otherwise called pancration or ambula: twelve remedies 234
31. Hedypnoïs: four remedies ib.
32. Seris, three varieties of it: seven remedies borrowed from it 235
33. The cabbage: eighty-seven remedies. Recipes mentioned by Cato ib.
34. Opinions of the Greeks relative thereto 237
35. Cabbage-sprouts 239
36. The wild cabbage: thirty-seven remedies 240
37. The lapsana: one remedy 241
38. The sea-cabbage: one remedy ib.
39. The squill: twenty-three remedies ib.
40. Bulbs: thirty remedies 243
41. Bulbine: one remedy. Bulb emetic 244
42. Garden asparagus; with the next, twenty-four remedies 245
43. Corruda, libycura, or orminum ib.
44. Parsley: seventeen remedies 246
45. Apiastrum, or melissophyllum 247
46. Olusatrum or Hipposelinon: eleven remedies. Oreoselinon: two remedies. Helioselinon: one remedy 248
47. Petroselinon: one remedy. Buselinon: one remedy ib.
48. Ocimum: thirty-five remedies 249
49. Rocket: twelve remedies 250
50. Nasturtium: forty-two remedies 251
51. Rue: eighty-four remedies 252
52. Wild mint: twenty remedies 256
53. Mint: forty-one remedies 257
54. Pennyroyal: twenty-five remedies 259
55. Wild pennyroyal: seventeen remedies 260
56. Nep: nine remedies 261
57. Cummin: forty-eight remedies. Wild cummin: twenty-six remedies 262
58. Ammi: ten remedies 263
59. The capparis or caper: eighteen remedies 264
60. Ligusticum, or lovage: four remedies 265
61. Cunila bubula: five remedies ib.
62. Cunila gallinacea, or origanum: five remedies 266
63. Cunilago: eight remedies ib.
64. Soft cunila: three remedies. Libanotis: three remedies ib.
65. Cultivated cunila: three remedies. Mountain cunila: seven remedies 267
66. Piperitis, or siliquastrum: five remedies ib.
67. Origanum, onitis, or prasion: six remedies 268
68. Tragoriganum: nine remedies ib.
69. Three varieties of Heracleotic origanum: thirty remedies ib.
70. Dittander: three remedies 270
71. Gith, or melanthion: twenty-three remedies ib.
72. Anise: sixty-one remedies 271
73. Where the best anise is found: various remedies derived from this plant 272
74. Dill: nine remedies 274
75. Sacopenium, or sagapenon: thirteen remedies ib.
76. The white poppy: three remedies. The black poppy: eight remedies. Remarks on sleep. Opium. Remarks in disfavour of the potions known as “anodynes, febrifuges, digestives, and cœliacs.” In what way the juices of these plants are to be collected 275
77. The poppy called rhœas: two remedies 278
78. The wild poppy called ceratitis, glaucium, or paralium: six remedies ib.
79. The wild poppy called heraclium, or aphron: four remedies. Diacodion ib.
80. The poppy called tithymalon, or paralion: three remedies 279
81. Porcillaca or purslain, otherwise called peplis: twenty-five remedies 280
82. Coriander: twenty-one remedies 282
83. Orage: fourteen remedies ib.
84. The mallow called malope: thirteen remedies. The mallow called malache: one remedy. The mallow called althæa or plistolochia: fifty-nine remedies 283
85. Wild lapathum or oxalis, otherwise called lapathum cantherinum, or rumex: one remedy. Hydrolapathum: two remedies. Hippolapathum: six remedies. Oxylapathum: four remedies 287
86. Cultivated lapathum: twenty-one remedies. Bulapathum: one remedy 288
87. Mustard, the three kinds of it: forty-four remedies ib.
88. Adarca: forty-eight remedies 290
89. Marrubium or prasion, otherwise linostrophon, philopais, or philochares: twenty-nine remedies ib.
90. Wild thyme: eighteen remedies 292
91. Sisymbrium or thymbræum: twenty-three remedies 293
92. Linseed: thirty remedies 294
93. Blite: six remedies 295
94. Meum, and meum athamanticum: seven remedies ib.
95. Fennel: twenty-two remedies 296
96. Hippomarathron, or myrsineum: five remedies ib.
97. Hemp: nine remedies 297
98. Fennel-giant: eight remedies 298
99. The thistle or scolymos: six remedies 299
100. The composition of theriaca ib.
BOOK XXI.
AN ACCOUNT OF FLOWERS, AND THOSE USED FOR CHAPLETS MORE PARTICULARLY.
1. The nature of flowers and gardens 304
2. Garlands and chaplets ib.
3. Who invented the art of making garlands: when they first received the name of “corollæ,” and for what reason 305
4. Who was the first to give chaplets with leaves of silver and gold. Lemnisci: who was the first to emboss them 306
5. The great honour in which chaplets were held by the ancients ib.
6. The severity of the ancients in reference to chaplets 307
7. A citizen decked with flowers by the Roman people 308
8. Plaited chaplets. Needle-work chaplets. Nard-leaf chaplets. Silken chaplets ib.
9. Authors who have written on flowers. An anecdote relative to Queen Cleopatra and chaplets 309
10. The rose: twelve varieties of it 310
11. The lily: four varieties of it 314
12. The narcissus: three varieties of it 316
13. How seed is stained to produce tinted flowers 317
14. How the several varieties of the violet are respectively produced, grown, and cultivated. The three different colours of the violet. The five varieties of the yellow violet ib.
15. The caltha. The scopa regia 318
16. The bacchar. The combretum. Asarum ib.
17. Saffron: in what places it grows best. What flowers were known at the time of the Trojan war 319
18. The nature of odours 321
19. The iris 324
20. The saliunca 325
21. The polium or teuthrion ib.
22. Fabrics which rival the colour of flowers 326
23. The amaranth 327
24. The cyanos: the holochrysos 328
25. The petilium: the bellio ib.
26. The chrysocome, or chrysitis 329
27. Shrubs, the blossoms of which are used for chaplets ib.
28. Shrubs, the leaves of which are used for chaplets ib.
29. The melothron, spiræa, and origanum. The oneorum or cassia; two varieties of it. The melissophyllum or melittæna. The melilote, otherwise known as Campanian garland 330
30. Three varieties of trefoil: the myophonum ib.
31. Two varieties of thyme. Plants produced from blossoms and not from seed 331
32. Conyza 332
33. The flower of Jove. The hemerocalles. The helenium. The phlox. Plants in which the branches and roots are odoriferous 333
34. The abrotonum. The adonium: two varieties of it. Plants which reproduce themselves. The leucanthemum 334
35. Two varieties of the amaracus ib.
36. The nyctegreton, or chenamyche, or nyctalops 335
37. Where the melilote is found ib.
38. The succession in which flowers blossom: the spring flowers. The violet. The chaplet anemone or phrenion. The herb œnanthe. The melanthium. The helichrysos. The gladiolus. The hyacinth 336
39. The summer flowers—the lychnis: the tiphyon. Two varieties of the pothos. Two varieties of the orsinum. The vincapervinca or chamædaphne—a plant which is an ever-green 337
40. The duration of life in the various kinds of flowers 339
41. Plants which should be sown among flowers for bees. The cerintha ib.
42. The maladies of bees, and the remedies for them 340
43. The food of bees ib.
44. Poisoned honey, and the remedies to be employed by those who have eaten it 341
45. Maddening honey 342
46. Honey that flies will not touch 343
47. Beehives, and the attention which should be paid to them 344
48. That bees are sensible of hunger 345
49. The method of preparing wax. The best kinds of wax. Punic wax ib.
50. Plants which grow spontaneously: the use made of them by various nations, their nature, and remarkable facts connected with them. The strawberry, the tamnus, and the butcher’s broom. The batis, two varieties of it. The meadow parsnip. The hop 347
51. The colocasia ib.
52. The cichorium. The anthalium or anticellium, or anthyllum. The œtum. The arachidna. The aracos. The candryala. The hypochœris. The caucalis. The anthriscum. The scandix. The tragopogon. The parthenium or leucanthes, amaracus, perdicium, or muralis. The trychnum or strychnum, halicacabum, callias, dorycnion, manicon, peritton, neuras, morio, or moly. The corchorus. The aphace. The acynopos. The epipetron. Plants which never flower. Plants which are always in flower 348
53. Four varieties of the cnecos 350
54. Plants of a prickly nature: the erynge, the glycyrrhiza, the tribulus, the anonis, the pheos or stœbe, and the hippophaes ib.
55. Four varieties of the nettle. The lamium and the scorpio 351
56. The carduus, the acorna, the phonos, the leucanthos, the chalceos, the cnecos, the polyacanthos, the onopyxos, the helxine, the scolymos, the chamæleon, the tetralix, and acanthice mastiche 353
57. The cactos: the pternix, pappos, and ascalias 354
58. The tribulus: the anonis 355
59. Plants classified according to their stems: the coronopus, the anchusa, the anthemis, the phyllanthes, the crepis, and the lotus ib.
60. Plants classified according to their leaves. Plants which never lose their leaves: plants which blossom a little at a time: the heliotropium and the adiantum, the remedies derived from which will be mentioned in the following Book 356
61. The various kinds of eared plants: the stanyops; the alopecuros; the stelephurus, ortyx, or plantago; the thryallis 357
62. The perdicium. The ornithogale ib.
63. Plants which only make their appearance at the end of a year. Plants which begin to blossom at the top. Plants which begin to blossom at the lower part 358
64. The lappa, a plant which produces within itself. The opuntia, which throws out a root from the leaf ib.
65. The iasione. The chondrylla. The picris, which remains in flower the whole year through ib.
66. Plants in which the blossom makes its appearance before the stem. Plants in which the stem appears before the blossom. Plants which blossom three times in the year 359
67. The cypiros. The thesion ib.
68. The asphodel, or royal spear. The anthericus or albucus ib.
69. Six varieties of the rush: four remedies derived from the cypiros 361
70. The cyperos: fourteen remedies. The cyperis. The cypira 363
71. The holoschœnus 364
72. Ten remedies derived from the sweet-scented rush, or teuchites ib.
73. Remedies derived from the flowers before mentioned: thirty-two remedies derived from the rose ib.
74. Twenty-one remedies derived from the lily 366
75. Sixteen remedies derived from the narcissus 367
76. Seventeen remedies derived from the violet 368
77. Seventeen remedies derived from the bacchar. One remedy derived from the combretum ib.
78. Eight remedies derived from asarum 369
79. Eight remedies derived from gallic nard ib.
80. Four remedies derived from the plant called “phu” 370
81. Twenty remedies derived from saffron ib.
82. Syrian crocomagna: two remedies ib.
83. Forty-one remedies derived from the iris: two remedies derived from the saliunca 371
84. Eighteen remedies derived from the polium 372
85. Three remedies derived from the holochrysos. Six remedies derived from the chrysocome 373
86. Twenty-one remedies derived from the melissophyllum ib.
87. Thirteen remedies derived from the melilote 374
88. Four remedies derived from the trefoil ib.
89. Twenty-eight remedies derived from thyme 375
90. Four remedies derived from the hemerocalles 376
91. Five remedies derived from the helenium ib.
92. Twenty-two remedies derived from the abrotonum 377
93. One remedy derived from the leucanthemum. Nine remedies derived from the amaracus 378
94. Ten remedies derived from the anemone or phrenion 379
95. Six remedies derived from the œnanthe 380
96. Eleven remedies derived from the helichrysos ib.
97. Eight remedies derived from the hyacinth 381
98. Seven remedies derived from the lychnis ib.
99. Four remedies derived from the vincapervinca 382
100. Three remedies derived from butcher’s broom ib.
101. Two remedies derived from the batis ib.
102. Two remedies derived from the colocasia ib.
103. Six remedies derived from the anthyllium or anthyllum 383
104. Eight remedies derived from the parthenium, leucanthes, or amaracus ib.
105. Eight remedies derived from the trychnum or strychnum, halicacabum, callias, dorycnion, manicon, neuras, morio, or moly 384
106. Six remedies derived from the corchorus 386
107. Three remedies derived from the cnecos ib.
108. One remedy derived from the pesoluta ib.
109. An explanation of Greek terms relative to weights and measures ib.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
1. The properties of plants 389
2. Plants used by nations for the adornment of the person ib.
3. Employment of plants for dyeing. Explanation of the terms sagmen, verbena, and clarigatio 390
4. The grass crown: how rarely it has been awarded 392
5. The only persons that have been presented with this crown 393
6. The only centurion that has been thus honoured 394
7. Remedies derived from other chaplet plants 395
8. The erynge or eryngium 396
9. The eryngium, called centum capita: thirty remedies 397
10. The acanos: one remedy 398
11. The glycyrrhiza or adipsos: fifteen remedies 399
12. Two varieties of the tribulus: twelve remedies 400
13. The stœbe or pheos 401
14. Two varieties of the hippophaes: two remedies ib.
15. The nettle: sixty-one remedies 402
16. The lamium: seven remedies 404
17. The scorpio, two kinds of it: one remedy 405
18. The leucacantha, phyllos, ischias, or polygonatos: four remedies ib.
19. The helxine: twelve remedies 406
20. The perdicium, parthenium, urceolaris, or astercum: eleven remedies 407
21. The chamæleon, ixias, ulophonon, or cynozolon; two varieties of it: twelve remedies ib.
22. The coronopus 409
23. The anchusa: fourteen remedies ib.
24. The pseudoanchusa, echis, or doris: three remedies 410
25. The onochilon, archebion, onochelis, rhexia, or enchrysa: thirty remedies ib.
26. The anthemis, leucanthemis, leucanthemum, chamæmelum, or melanthium; three varieties of it: eleven remedies 411
27. The lotus plant: four remedies 412
28. The lotometra: two remedies ib.
29. The heliotropium, helioscopium, or verrucaria: twelve remedies. The heliotropium, tricoccum, or scorpiuron: fourteen remedies 413
30. The adiantum, callitrichos, trichomanes, polytrichos, or saxifragum; two varieties of it: twenty-eight remedies 415
31. The picris: one remedy. The thesion: one remedy 417
32. The asphodel: fifty-one remedies ib.
33. The halimon: fourteen remedies 419
34. The acanthus, pæderos, or melamphyllos: five remedies 421
35. The bupleuron: five remedies ib.
36. The buprestis: one remedy 422
37. The elaphoboscon: nine remedies ib.
38. The scandix: nine remedies. The anthriscum: two remedies 423
39. The iasione: four remedies ib.
40. The caucalis: twelve remedies 424
41. The sium: eleven remedies ib.
42. The sillybum 425
43. The scolymos or limonia: five remedies ib.
44. The sonchos: two varieties: fifteen remedies 426
45. The condrion or chondrylla: six remedies 427
46. Mushrooms; peculiarities of their growth 428
47. Fungi; signs by which the venomous kinds may be recognized: nine remedies 429
48. Silphium: seven remedies 431
49. Laser: thirty-nine remedies 432
50. Propolis: five remedies 434
51. The various influences of different aliments upon the disposition 435
52. Hydromel: eighteen remedies 436
53. Honied wine: six remedies 437
54. Melitites: three remedies 438
55. Wax: eight remedies ib.
56. Remarks in disparagement of medicinal compositions 439
57. Remedies derived from grain. Siligo: one remedy. Wheat: one remedy. Chaff: two remedies. Spelt: one remedy. Bran: one remedy. Olyra or arinca: two remedies 440
58. The various kinds of meal: twenty-eight remedies 441
59. Polenta: eight remedies 442
60. Fine flour: five remedies. Puls: one remedy. Meal used for pasting papyrus, one remedy ib.
61. Alica: six remedies 443
62. Millet: six remedies 444
63. Panic: four remedies ib.
64. Sesame: seven remedies. Sesamoides: three remedies. Anticyricum: three remedies ib.
65. Barley: nine remedies. Mouse-barley, by the Greeks called phœnice: one remedy 445
66. Ptisan: four remedies 446
67. Amylum: eight remedies. Oats: one remedy ib.
68. Bread: twenty-one remedies 447
69. Beans: sixteen remedies ib.
70. Lentils: seventeen remedies 448
71. The elelisphacos, sphacos, or salvia: thirteen remedies 449
72. The chickpea and the chicheling vetch: twenty-three remedies 450
73. The fitch: twenty remedies 451
74. Lupines: thirty-five remedies 452
75. Irio or erysimum, by the Gauls called vela: fifteen remedies 453
76. Horminum: six remedies 454
77. Darnel: five remedies ib.
78. The plant miliaria: one remedy 455
79. Bromos: one remedy ib.
80. Orobanche or cynomorion: one remedy ib.
81. Remedies for injuries inflicted by insects which breed among leguminous plants ib.
82. The use made of the yeast of zythum 456
BOOK XXIII.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE CULTIVATED TREES.
1. Introduction 457
2. The vine ib.
3. The leaves and shoots of the vine: seven remedies 458
4. Omphacium extracted from the vine: fourteen remedies 459
5. Œnanthe: twenty-one remedies 460
6. Grapes, fresh gathered 461
7. Various kinds of preserved grapes: eleven remedies ib.
8. Cuttings of the vine: one remedy 462
9. Grape-stones: six remedies ib.
10. Grape-husks: eight remedies 463
11. The grapes of the theriaca: four remedies ib.
12. Raisins, or astaphis: fourteen remedies ib.
13. The astaphis agria, otherwise called staphis or taminia: twelve remedies 464
14. The labrusca, or wild vine: twelve remedies 465
15. The salicastrum: twelve remedies ib.
16. The white vine, otherwise called ampeloleuce, staphyle, melothron, psilotrum, archezostis, cedrostis, or madon: thirty-one remedies 466
17. The black vine, otherwise called bryonia, chironia, gynæcanthe, or apronia: thirty-five remedies 468
18. Must: fifteen remedies ib.
19. Particulars relative to wine 469
20. The Surrentine wines: three remedies. The Alban wines: two remedies. The Falernian wines: six remedies 470
21. The Setine wines; one observation upon them. The Statan wines; one observation upon them. The Signian wines: one remedy 471
22. Other wines: sixty-four remedies ib.
23. Sixty-one observations relative to wine 473
24. In what maladies wine should be administered; how it should be administered, and at what times 474
25. Ninety-one observations with reference to wine 477
26. Artificial wines ib.
27. Vinegar: twenty-eight remedies 478
28. Squill vinegar: seventeen remedies 480
29. Oxymeli: seven remedies 481
30. Sapa: seven remedies ib.
31. Lees of wine: twelve remedies 482
32. Lees of vinegar: seventeen remedies 483
33. Lees of sapa: four remedies 484
34. The leaves of the olive-tree: twenty-three remedies ib.
35. The blossom of the olive: four remedies ib.
36. White olives: four remedies. Black olives: three remedies 485
37. Amurca of olives: twenty-one remedies 486
38. The leaves of the wild olive: sixteen remedies 487
39. Omphacium: three remedies 488
40. Oil of œnanthe: twenty-eight remedies ib.
41. Castor oil: sixteen remedies 489
42. Oil of almonds: sixteen remedies 490
43. Oil of laurel: nine remedies ib.
44. Oil of myrtle: twenty remedies ib.
45. Oil of chamæmyrsine, or oxymyrsine; oil of cypros; oil of citrus; oil of walnuts; oil of cnidium; oil of mastich; oil of balanus; various remedies 491
46. The cyprus, and the oil extracted from it; sixteen remedies. Gleucinum: one remedy 492
47. Oil of balsamum: fifteen remedies ib.
48. Malobathrum: five remedies 493
49. Oil of henbane: two remedies. Oil of lupines: one remedy. Oil of narcissus: one remedy. Oil of radishes: five remedies. Oil of sesame: three remedies. Oil of lilies: three remedies. Oil of Selga: one remedy. Oil of Iguvium: one remedy ib.
50. Elæomeli: two remedies. Oil of pitch: two remedies 494
51. The palm: nine remedies ib.
52. The palm which produces the myrobalanum: three remedies 495
53. The palm called elate: sixteen remedies ib.
54. Remedies derived from the blossoms, leaves, fruit, branches, bark, juices, roots, wood, and ashes of various kinds of trees. Six observations upon apples. Twenty-two observations upon quinces. One observation upon struthea 496
55. The sweet apples called melimela: six observations upon them. Sour apples: four observations upon them 497
56. Citrons: five observations upon them 498
57. Punic apples, or pomegranates: twenty-six remedies ib.
58. The composition called stomatice: fourteen remedies 499
59. Cytinus: eight remedies 500
60. Balaustium: twelve remedies ib.
61. The wild pomegranate 501
62. Pears: twelve observations upon them 502
63. Figs: one hundred and eleven observations upon them ib.
64. The wild fig: forty-two observations upon it 505
65. The herb crineon: three remedies 507
66. Plums: four observations upon them ib.
67. Peaches: two remedies 508
68. Wild plums; two remedies ib.
69. The lichen on plum-trees; two remedies ib.
70. Mulberries; thirty-nine remedies ib.
71. The medicament called stomatice, arteriace, or panchrestos; four remedies 509
72. Cherries: five observations upon them 511
73. Medlars: two remedies. Sorbs: two remedies 512
74. Pine-nuts: thirteen remedies ib.
75. Almonds: twenty-nine remedies ib.
76. Greek nuts: one remedy 513
77. Walnuts: twenty-four remedies. The Mithridatic antidote 514
78. Hazel-nuts: three observations upon them. Pistachio-nuts: eight observations upon them. Chesnuts: five observations upon them 515
79. Carobs: five observations upon them. The cornel: one remedy. The fruit of the arbutus 516
80. The laurel: sixty-nine observations upon it ib.
81. Myrtle: sixty observations upon it 519
82. Myrtidanum: thirteen remedies 521
83. The wild myrtle, otherwise called oxymyrsine, or chamæmyrsine, and the ruscus: six remedies ib.
NATURAL HISTORY OF PLINY.