THE MAKERS OF MODERN ROME
Reading edition
IN FOUR BOOKS
I. HONOURABLE WOMEN NOT A FEW II. THE POPES WHO MADE THE PAPACY III. LO POPOLO: AND THE TRIBUNE OF THE PEOPLE IV. THE POPES WHO MADE THE CITY
BY MRS. OLIPHANT AUTHOR OF "THE MAKERS OF FLORENCE"
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY HENRY P. RIVIERE, A.R.W.S. AND JOSEPH PENNELL
New York MACMILLAN AND CO. AND LONDON 1896
All rights reserved
Copyright, 1895, By MACMILLAN AND CO.
Set up and electrotyped November, 1895. Reprinted January, 1896.
Norwood Press J. S. Cushing & Co.—Berwick & Smith. Norwood Mass. U.S.A.
I INSCRIBE THIS BOOK WITH THE DEAR NAMES OF THOSE OF MINE WHO LIE UNDER THE WALLS OF ROME: AND OF HIM, THE LAST OF ALL, WHO WAS BORN IN THAT SAD CITY: ALL NOW AWAITING ME, AS I TRUST, WHERE GOD MAY PLEASE. F. W. O. M. W. O. F. R. O.
PREFACE.
Nobody will expect in this book, or from me, the results of original research, or a settlement—if any settlement is ever possible—of vexed questions which have occupied the gravest students. An individual glance at the aspect of these questions which most clearly presents itself to a mind a little exercised in the aspects of humanity, but not trained in the ways of learning, is all I attempt or desire. This humble endeavour has been conscientious at least. The work has been much interrupted by sorrow and suffering, on which account, for any slips of hers, the writer asks the indulgence of her unknown friends.
CONTENTS.
BOOK I.
HONOURABLE WOMEN NOT A FEW.
CHAPTER I.
ROME IN THE FOURTH CENTURYpage 1
CHAPTER II.
THE PALACE ON THE AVENTINE14
CHAPTER III.
MELANIA29
CHAPTER IV.
THE SOCIETY OF MARCELLA43
CHAPTER V.
PAULA65
CHAPTER VI.
THE MOTHER HOUSE89
BOOK II.
THE POPES WHO MADE THE PAPACY.
CHAPTER I.
GREGORY THE GREAT119
CHAPTER II.
THE MONK HILDEBRAND181
CHAPTER III.
THE POPE GREGORY VII230
CHAPTER IV.
INNOCENT III307
BOOK III.
LO POPOLO: AND THE TRIBUNE OF THE PEOPLE.
CHAPTER I.
ROME IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY381
CHAPTER II.
THE DELIVERER402
CHAPTER III.
THE BUONO STATO428
CHAPTER IV.
DECLINE AND FALL460
CHAPTER V.
THE SOLDIER OF FORTUNE486
CHAPTER VI.
THE END OF THE TRAGEDY493
BOOK IV.
THE POPES WHO MADE THE CITY.
CHAPTER I.
MARTIN V.—EUGENIUS IV.—NICOLAS V.513
CHAPTER II.
CALIXTUS III.—PIUS II.—PAUL II.—SIXTUS IV.552
CHAPTER III.
JULIUS II.—LEO X.581
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS.
page
Pope GregoryFrontispiece
Colosseum by Moonlight, by H. P. Riviere37
Temple of Venus and River from the Colosseum (1860), by H. P. Riviere73
Temple of Vesta, by H. P. Riviere111
Arch of Constantine, by H. P. Riviere153
The Forum, by H. P. Riviere171
Arch of Titus, by H. P. Riviere209
Santa Maria Maggiore, by H. P. Riviere247
Arch of Drusus (1860), by H. P. Riviere267
Island on Tiber, by H. P. Riviere287
The Capitol, by J. Pennell317
Porta Maggiore, by H. P. Riviere327
In the Campagna (1860), by H. P. Riviere347
St. Peter's and the Castle of St. Angelo, by H. P. Riviere367
Approach to the Capitol (1860), by H. P. Riviere387
Theatre of Marcellus, by J. Pennell407
Aqua Felice, by H. P. Riviere463
The Tarpeian Rock, by J. Pennell481
Ancient, Mediæval, and Modern Rome, by J. Pennell503
Modern Rome: Shelley's Tomb, by J. Pennell519
Fountain of Trevi, by H. P. Riviere527
Santa Maria del Popolo, by H. P. Riviere547
Piazza Colonna, by J. Pennell565
Old St. Peter's, from the engraving by Campini585
Modern Rome: The Grave of Keats, by J. Pennell593
ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT.
The Colosseum, by J. Pennell1
The Palatine, from the Aventine, by J. Pennell13
The Ripetta, by J. Pennell14
On the Palatine, by J. Pennell27
The Walls by St. John Lateran, by J. Pennell29
The Temple of Vesta, by J. Pennell42
Churches on the Aventine, by J. Pennell43
The Steps of the Capitol, by J. Pennell51
The Lateran from the Aventine, by J. Pennell64
Portico of Octavia, by J. Pennell65
Trinita de' Monti, by J. Pennell76
From the Aventine, by J. Pennell87
The Capitol from the Palatine, by J. Pennell89
San Bartolommeo, by J. Pennell97
St. Peter's, from the Janiculum, by J. Pennell103
St. Peter's, from the Pincio, by J. Pennell107
Porta San Paola, by J. Pennell115
The Steps of San Gregorio, by J. Pennell119
Villa de' Medici, by J. Pennell133
San Gregorio Magno, and St. John and St. Paul, by J. Pennell145
The Piazza del Popolo, by J. Pennell157
Monte Pincio, from the Piazza del Popolo, by J. Pennell167
Ponte Molle, by J. Pennell180
The Palatine, by J. Pennell181
Pyramid of Caius Cestius, by J. Pennell197
Trinita de' Monti, by J. Pennell207
The Villa Borghese, by J. Pennell220
Where the Ghetto stood, by J. Pennell228
From San Gregorio Magno, by J. Pennell230
In the Villa Borghese, by J. Pennell306
The Fountain of the Tortoise, by J. Pennell307
All that is left of the Ghetto, by J. Pennell377
On the Tiber, by J. Pennell381
On the Pincio, by J. Pennell402
The Lungara, by J. Pennell428
Porta del Popolo (Flaminian Gate), by J. Pennell459
Theatre of Marcellus, by J. Pennell460
The Borghese Gardens, by J. Pennell486
Tomb of Cecilia Metella, by J. Pennell493
Letter Writer, by J. Pennell510
Piazza del Popolo, by J. Pennell513
On the Pincio, by J. Pennell533
In the Corso: Church Doors, by J. Pennell542
Modern Degradation of a Palace, by J. Pennell552
Fountain of Trevi, by J. Pennell581
A Bric-a-brac Shop, by J. Pennell600
BOOK I. HONOURABLE WOMEN NOT A FEW.
THE COLOSSEUM.