← Table of contents
The Loves of Krishna in Indian Painting and Poetry

INDEX

Reading edition

Abul Fazl,

116

, pl.

1

(comment)

Aditi, mother of the gods,

58

,

59

Age of Imperial Unity, The

,

115

,

121

Agni, god of fire,

18

Agrawala, V.S.,

121

Ahmadnagar, Deccan,

97

Ajmer, Rajasthan,

103

Akbar, Mughal Emperor,

97

-

99

,

116

, pl.

1

(comment)

Akbarnama

,

98

,

116

Akrura, chief of the Yadavas,

45

-

47

,

49

,

51

,

57

,

116

Allegory of Love, The

,

119

Altdorfer,

93

Amaru, Sanskrit poet,

73

Aniruddha, son of Pradyumna and grandson of Krishna,

64

Archer, Mildred,

4

,

9

Archer, W.G.,

4

,

101

,

105

,

107

-

112

,

115

,

117

,

121

Arjuna, leading Pandava, husband of Draupadi, husband of Krishna's sister, Subhadra,

20

-

22

,

64

,

65

,

67

,

69

,

116

,

117

Arnold, Sir Edwin,

119

Art of India and Pakistan, The

,

96

,

98

,

101

,

104

,

107

,

111

,

121

Asiatick Researches

,

119

Assam,

117

Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor,

99

Ayana, husband of Radha, brother of Yasoda,

72

,

118

Baden Powell, B.H.,

110

Bakasura, crane demon,

33

Balagopala Stuti

, poem by Bilvamangala,

84

,

94

Balarama, brother of Krishna,

27

,

30

,

31

,

34

-

36

,

44

-

48

,

50

-

56

,

61

-

64

,

66

,

67

,

69

,

116

, pls.

1

,

5

,

6

,

9

,

12

,

16

,

17

Bali, ruler of the underworld,

62

Bani Thani, poetess of Kishangarh,

103

Barahmasa

, poems of the twelve months,

102

, pl.

32

Basawan, Mughal artist, pls.

1

,

2

(comment),

3

(comment)

Basham, A.L.,

9

,

19

,

115

,

117

,

121

Basohli, Punjab Hills,

104

,

105

,

107

,

111

, pls.

18

(comment),

26

(comment),

30

(comment)

Beatty, Sir Chester, pls.

17

,

19

Bhagavad Gita

,

15

-

17

,

24

,

67

,

115

,

117

Bhagavata Purana

,

11

,

25

-

71

,

72

,

74

,

85

,

85

,

99

,

101

,

105

,

107

,

110

,

111

,

116

-

18

,

121

, pls.

3

-

19

Bhakti

, devotion to God,

19

,

24

Bhanu Datta, author of

Rasamanjari

,

9

,

105

,

120

, pls.

30

,

31

Bharat Kala Bhawan, Banaras,

103

, pl.

37

Bharatiya Natya Sastra

, Sanskrit treatise,

90

Bhartrihari, Sanskrit poet,

73

Bhattacharya, Deben,

9

,

87

-

90

,

119

Bhima, strongest of the five Pandavas,

24

,

65

,

66

Bihari Lai, poet,

84

,

110

, pl.

36

Bijapur, Deccan,

97

Bikaner, Rajasthan,

99

,

100

,

103

Bilaspur, Punjab Hills,

107

,

111

, pl.

18

Bilvamangala, poet,

84

,

94

Blue, colour of Krishna,

14

,

115

Book covers, Bengali,

111

Brahma,

17

,

27

,

28

,

33

,

34

,

58

,

59

,

65

,

67

,

117

, pl.

2

Brahma Vaivarta Purana

,

118

,

121

Brahmans,

22

,

28

,

30

,

38

,

39

,

62

,

63

,

67

,

68

,

71

,

74

,

107

,

108

,

117

Wives of,

38

,

39

Braj, country around Mathura,

26

,

28

,

40

Brihadaranyaka

,

117

Brindaban, forest near Gokula,

33

,

35

,

45

,

46

,

49

,

52

,

53

,

59

-

62

,

103

, pl.

6

British Museum, pl.

18

Brough, J.,

9

Buddhism,

94

Bull demon,

44

Bundelkhand,

91

,

99

Bundi, Rajasthan,

101

-

103

Burnouf, E.,

121

Calcutta,

111

,

112

Campbell, Roy,

75

Ceylon,

57

,

112

Chamba, Punjab Hills,

107

,

111

Chandi Das, Bengali poet,

84

,

85

,

89

,

111

Chandigarh Art Gallery, East Punjab, pl.

27

Chandogya Upanishad

,

17

,

24

,

115

Chanura, wrestler,

45

,

48

Chawand, Mewar,

100

Christ,

14

,

112

,

117

Clothes, stealing of cowgirls',

37

,

38

,

74

,

75

, pl.

11

Coomaraswamy, A.K.,

99

,

104

-

106

,

108

,

120

,

121

, pl.

8

(comment)

Cowgirls, loves of the,

29

,

36

-

38

,

41

-

44

,

46

,

49

,

50

,

52

,

53

,

58

,

60

-

62

,

66

,

70

-

82

,

85

,

86

,

109

,

110

,

113

, pls.

11

,

13

-

15

,

20

-

23

.

Cowherds, abandonment of, by Krishna,

Krishna's life with,

49

-

53

,

61

,

62

Damodara, pseudonym for Krishna,

116

Dance, circular,

38

,

41

,

43

,

46

,

74

,

75

, p.

13

(comment)

Danielou, A.,

117

Daruka, charioteer to Krishna,

68

,

69

Demons, combats with,

29

,

30

,

33

-

36

,

44

,

45

,

54

,

55

,

58

,

64

,

116

,

117

, pl.

9

role of,

18

,

19

Devaka, younger brother of King Ugrasena,

27

Devaki, mother of Krishna,

17

,

27

,

28

,

44

,

46

,

48

-

50

,

52

,

63

,

69

, pl.

3

Devi, goddess, Earth Mother,

28

,

40

,

56

, pls.

3

,

18

Dey, B.,

112

Dharma

,

18

,

23

Dhenuka, ass demon,

34

Dhritarashtra, blind son of Kuru, father of Kauravas,

20

,

21

,

51

,

66

Dice, contest by,

21

Dickinson, Eric,

103

Draupadi, daughter of King of Panchal, common wife of the five Pandavas,

20

-

23

,

64

,

67

Drumalika, demon,

26

Duryodhana, leading Kaurava and son of Dhritarashtra,

23

,

51

,

66

,

67

Dwarka, Krishna's capital in Western India,

21

,

22

,

54

-

59

,

61

-

64

,

66

-

70

,

94

,

108

, pls.

2

(comment),

19

Earth,

27

,

49

,

58

,

67

Eastern Love

,

121

El Greco,

93

Flute playing,

15

,

36

,

37

,

41

,

61

,

78

,

86

,

109

,

112

, pl.

21

Forest fires,

35

,

36

, pl.

10

France, feudal,

118

Games with cowherds, Krishna's,

31

-

35

,

45

, pls.

4

-

9

Gandhi, Mahatma,

15

Gangoly, O.C.,

104

,

119

,

121

Garga, sage,

30

,

31

Garhwal, Punjab Hills,

107

-

110

, pl.

38

Garhwal Painting

,

107

,

108

,

121

Germany, feudal,

118

Ghora Angirasa,

17

,

115

Gill, Eric,

118

Gita Govinda

, Sanskrit poem by Jayadeva,

9

,

11

,

76

-

84

,

94

-

96

,

98

,

110

,

111

,

113

,

119

,

121

, pls.

20

-

27

Gods, role of,

18

,

19

Goetz, H.,

99

,

100

Gokula, district near Mathura,

26

,

30

,

33

,

44

Govardhan Singh, Raja of Guler,

107

Govardhana, greatest of the hills,

39

,

40

,

42

,

59

, pl.

12

Govind Das, poet,

84

,

88

Govinda, pseudonym for Krishna,

116

Gray, Basil,

100

,

121

Grierson, Sir G.A.,

121

Grunewald,

93

Gujarati Painting in the Fifteenth Century

,

121

Guler, Punjab Hills,

107

-

109

, pl.

18

(comment)

Hari, pseudonym for Krishna,

116

Harivansa

, appendix to

Mahabharata

epic,

25

,

32

,

98

,

116

Hendley, T.H.,

98

,

121

Herod,

116

Holi festival,

109

Hollings, W.,

121

Hunter, slayer of Krishna, see Jara.

Hussain Shah, ruler of Jaunpur,

96

India Office Library, London, pl.

34

(comment)

Indian Museum, Calcutta, pl.

35

Indian Painting

,

115

,

121

Indian Painting in the Punjab Hills

,

105

,

107

Indra, king of the gods, lord of the clouds,

18

,

24

,

39

,

40

,

46

,

58

,

59

,

65

,

66

, pls.

2

,

12

Irwin, J.,

112

Isherwood, Christopher,

15

,

24

,

116

Jadupatuas, minstrel artists of Bengal,

112

Jaipur, Rajasthan,

95

,

98

,

103

,

104

, pls.

1

(comment),

2

(comment)

Jaisalmer, Rajasthan,

103

Jambhavati, a queen of Krishna,

56

,

57

,

60

Jammu, Punjab Hills,

107

Janarddana, pseudonym for Krishna,

116

Japan,

13

Jara, Bhil hunter, slayer of Krishna,

24

,

67

,

69

, pl.

2

Jarasandha, demon king of Magadha,

26

,

54

-

56

,

65

Jaunpur, Eastern India,

96

,

97

Jayadeva, Sanskrit poet,

76

,

77

,

84

,

94

,

111

,

121

Jodhpur, Rajasthan,

95

,

103

Jones, Sir William,

119

,

121

Jumna, river,

22

,

28

,

35

,

37

,

41

,

43

,

47

,

48

,

61

,

74

,

82

,

85

, pls.

8

,

13

-

15

Kalidasa, Sanskrit poet,

73

Kalindi, a queen of Krishna,

57

,

60

,

64

Kaliya, giant hydra-headed snake,

35

,

42

,

46

,

108

,

116

, pls.

8

,

10

(comment)

Kaliyavana,

54

Kalpasutra

, Jain Scripture,

96

Kama, god of passion,

18

,

64

Kamalavati, mother of Radha,

72

Kangra, Punjab Hills,

93

,

108

-

11

, pl.

3

(comment)

Kangra Painting

,

109

,

110

,

121

Kangra Valley Painting

,

121

Kanoria, Gopi Krishna,

9

, pls.

7

,

29

,

39

Kansa, tyrant king of Mathura, son of Pavanarekha by the demon Drumalika,

26

-

29

,

31

,

33

,

43

-

50

,

54

,

55

,

57

,

62

,

110

,

116

, pls.

3

,

9

(comment),

16

(comment),

17

,

35

(comment)

Karna, leading Kaurava killed by Arjuna at Kurukshetra,

23

Kauravas, the 100 sons of Dhritarashtra, rivals of the Pandavas (vide

Mahabharata

)

20

,

21

,

23

,

26

,

51

,

62

,

66

,

67

Kennings, Anglo-Saxon,

116

Keshav Das, poet,

84

,

91

,

99

,

100

,

105

, pls.

28

,

30

(comment)

Keshava, pseudonym for Krishna,

116

Kesi, horse demon,

44

,

45

,

115

Keyt, George, artist and translator of the

Gita Govinda

,

9

,

76

-

83

,

112

,

113

,

119

,

121

, pls.

21

-

27

(comments)

Khandalawala, Karl,

95

,

96

, pls.

10

,

23

(comment)

Khurasan,

97

, pl.

1

(comment)

Kirpal Pal, Raja of Basohli,

104

,

105

,

107

, pl.

10

(comment)

Kishangarh, Rajasthan,

103

, pl.

39

Kotah, Rajasthan,

103

Krishna Das, poet,

84

Kubera, yaksha king, pl.

5

(comment)

Kubja, hunchback girl,

47

,

53

,

54

Kulu, Punjab Hills,

107

,

111

Kumbhan Das, poet,

84

Kundulpur,

56

Raja of, father of Rukmini,

55

Kunti, wife of Pandu, mother of the Pandavas, sister of Vasudeva (Krishna's father),

20

,

21

,

51

,

57

,

62

,

64

Kuru, common ancestor of the Pandavas and Kauravas,

20

Kurukshetra, battle-field of,

15

,

21

,

26

,

61

Kushala, Kangra artist,

110

, pls.

3

,

21

,

36

Kuvara, brother of Nala,

32

, pl.

5

Lahore, State Museum, pl.

26

Lanka, modern Ceylon,

57

Léger, F.,

112

Lewis, C.S.,

119

Lohuizen, Dr. Joan van, de Leeuw,

120

Love Songs of Asia

,

121

Lucknow, State Museum, pl.

5

MacNeice, Louis,

15

Madhu, demon,

116

Magadha,

26

,

54

,

55

Mahabharata

,

11

,

17

,

19

-

25

,

51

,

70

,

98

,

115

Mahavira, founder of Jainism,

94

Malabar,

84

Malwa, Central India,

97

,

100

-

102

Manaku, Basohli princess, patron of painting,

107

, pl.

26

(comment)

Manohar, Mewar artist,

100

Marg

, Indian art journal,

95

,

103

,

111

,

117

Masterpieces of Rajput Painting

,

104

,

119

,

121

Mathers, E. Powys,

121

Mathura, town in Northern India,

26

,

29

,

30

,

38

,

39

,

44

-

55

,

61

,

74

,

76

, pls.

16

(comment),

17

(comment)

Mazumdar, M.R.,

94

R.C.,

115

,

121

Mehendale, M.A.,

115

,

116

Mehta, N.C.,

95

,

107

,

110

,

121

, pls.

4

,

21

,

22

,

36

Mewar, Rajasthan,

100

,

103

Mira Bai, poetess,

84

Mithila,

111

Modern Vernacular Literature of Hindustan, The

,

121

Mody, J.K., pls.

3

,

8

,

11

,

13

,

15

,

16

Monkey demon,

64

Mookerjee, A.,

112

Moonlight, master of the, pls.

13

-

15

Moti Chandra,

96

Mukund, Mughal artist, pl.

2

Murari, pseudonym for Krishna,

116

Muru (or Mura), arch demon,

58

,

117

Muslim artists,

99

,

100

invasions,

73

rulers,

93

,

96

,

98

states,

97

,

101

Mustaka, wrestler,

48

Nainsukh, Guler artist, pls.

3

(comment),

21

(comment)

Nala, brother of Kuvara,

32

, pl.

5

Nanda, wealthy herdsman, foster-father of Krishna,

27

-

32

,

35

-

41

,

44

-

53

,

61

,

62

,

77

,

107

, pls.

5

,

10

,

12

,

20

Narada, sage,

60

Naraka, demon son of Earth,

58

,

117

Nasiruddin, Mewar artist,

100

Nayikas

and

Nayakas

,

90

,

91

,

102

, pl.

28

New Delhi, National Museum, pls.

5

,

9

,

12

,

14

,

20

,

28

New Testament,

15

Nihal Chand, Kishangarh artist,

103

Nude, the, pl.

11

Nurpur, Punjab Hills,

107

,

111

Ocean,

69

Orchha, Central India,

84

,

91

,

99

Painting, Basohli,

104

-

107

, pls.

4

,

10

,

18

(comment),

26

(comment),

27

,

30

,

31

Bengali,

111

,

112

Bikaner,

99

,

100

Bilaspur,

107

,

111

, pl.

18

Bundi,

101

,

102

, pls.

28

,

32

Deccani,

97

, pl.

34

European, pl.

1

(comment)

Flemish,

14

Garhwal,

107

,

108

, pls.

3

(comment),

7

,

8

(comment),

12

,

19

,

20

,

25

,

35

,

38

(comment)

German,

93

Gujarati,

94

,

121

Guler,

107

,

108

,

117

,

121

, pls.

3

(comment),

21

(comment),

37

Italian,

14

Jain,

94

-

96

, pl.

22

(comment)

Jaipur,

104

,

120

Jaunpur,

96

, pls.

23

-

24

Kalighat,

111

,

112

Kangra,

93

,

103

-

111

,

117

,

121

, pls.

3

,

5

,

6

,

8

,

9

,

11

,

13

-

17

,

21

,

36

Kishangarh,

103

,

104

, pl.

39

Maithil,

111

Malwa,

97

,

101

,

102

, pl.

33

Mughal,

13

,

97

-

99

,

103

,

105

,

107

,

121

, pls.

1

,

2

,

3

(comment)

Nahan, pl.

38

Persian,

97

Udaipur, Mewar,

100

,

101

,

103

-

105

, pl.

28

(comment),

29

Western Indian,

94

-

96

, pl.

22

(comment)

Western Rajasthani, pl.

22

Panchala, kingdom of,

20

,

21

Pandavas, five sons of Pandu, rivals of the Kauravas (vide

Mahabharata

),

20

-

26

,

51

,

57

,

62

-

66

,

70

,

116

Pandu, second son of Kuru, father of the Pandavas,

20

Parasurama, 'Rama with the Axe,' incarnation of Vishnu,

20

Parikshit, great-grandson of Krishna,

69

Parmanand Das, poet,

84

Parvati, consort of Siva,

37

Pavanarekha, wife of King Ugrasena,

26

Prabhasa, town near Dwarka,

68

,

94

, pl.

1

(comment)

Prabhavananda, Swami,

15

,

24

,

116

,

121

Pradyumna, Krishna's son by Rukmini,

64

Pragjyotisha, city of the demon, Naraka,

58

,

117

Pralamba, demon in human form,

35

, pls.

9

,

10

(comment)

Pratap Singh, Raja of Jaipur,

104

Prince of Wales Museum, Bombay, pls.

23

,

24

,

32

Punjab Hills,

4

,

13

,

93

,

98

,

104

,

105

,

107

,

111

Purkhu, Kangra artist,

109

,

110

, pls.

3

,

5

,

6

,

8

,

9

,

11

,

16

Putana, ogress,

29

,

42

Radha, Krishna's chief cowgirl love,

15

,

16

,

72

-

90

,

96

,

98

,

103

-

105

,

109

-

111

,

113

,

117

, pls.

13

(comment),

20

-

29

,

31

-

39

Ragas

and

Raginis

, modes of Indian music,

84

,

101

,

102

,

107

, pls.

33

,

34

Ragas and Raginis

,

121

Raghavan, V.,

120

Rajasthan,

13

,

95

,

96

,

99

-

105

Rajput Painting

(Coomaraswamy),

104

,

108

,

121

, pl.

8

(comment)

(Gray),

121

Ram Gopal,

15

Rama, incarnation of Vishnu,

20

,

57

,

115

Ramayana

,

98

Rana Jagat Singh, ruler of Mewar,

100

Rana Raj Singh, ruler of Mewar,

100

,

105

Randhawa, M.S.,

121

Rasamanjari

, Sanskrit treatise by Bhanu Datta,

9

,

105

,

106

,

120

, pls.

30

,

31

Rasika Priya

, Hindi treatise by Keshav Das (comment),

11

,

90

-

92

,

99

-

102

,

105

,

120

, pls.

28

,

30

(comment)

Razmnama

, Persian abridgement of the

Mahabharata

,

98

, Pls.

1

,

2

Re-birth, theory of,

17

-

19

Revati, wife of Balarama,

55

Rohini, a wife of Vasudeva, mother of Balarama,

27

-

31

,

35

,

44

,

53

,

99

Roopa-lekha

, Indian art journal,

121

Roy, Jamini,

112

Roy, P.C.,

121

Rukma, brother of Rukmini,

56

,

64

Rukmini, Krishna's first queen,

15

,

55

,

56

,

59

,

60

,

64

,

66

,

69

-

72

,

118

, pl.

18

Ruknuddin, Bikaner artist,

99

Rupam

, Indian art journal,

118

Russell, M.,

113

Saktasura, demon,

30

Sankhasura, yaksha demon,

44

Sansar Chand, Raja of Kangra,

13

,

108

-

111

Sat Sat

, poems by Bihari Lal,

110

, pl.

36

Sattrajit, father of Satyabhama,

56

,

57

Satyabhama, a queen of Krishna,

56

,

57

,

59

,

60

Sawant Singh, Raja of Kishangarh,

103

Scroll paintings,

112

Sen, D.C.,

121

Sen, R.N.,

121

Sesha, serpent of eternity, a part of Vishnu,

27

,

69

, pl.

1

Shah Jahan, Mughal emperor,

99

Shahabaddin, Mewar artist,

100

Sher-Gil, Amrita,

112

Shiraz,

97

Sirmur, Punjab Hills, pl.

38

(comment)

Sisupala, claimant to Rukmini, rival of Krishna,

22

,

56

,

59

,

66

, pl.

18

(comment)

Sitwell, Sacheverell,

14

Siva,

17

,

18

,

37

,

44

,

58

,

59

,

64

,

65

,

67

, pl.

2

Srinagar, Garhwal,

108

St. John of the Cross,

74

,

75

Stchoukine, I,

121

Studies in Indian Painting

,

121

Subhadra, sister of Krishna,

22

,

64

,

65

Sudama, brahman, early friend of Krishna,

62

,

63

,

108

, pl.

19

Sudarsana, Celestial dancer,

40

,

41

Sur Das, poet,

84

,

86

, pl.

29

Surabhi, cow of plenty,

40

Sursagar, Hindi poem, pl.

29

Surya, sun god,

18

Tagore, Rabindranath,

112

Taking of Toll, The

,

121

Ten Burnt Offerings

,

15

Tess of the D'Urbervilles,

119

Trinavarta, whirlwind demon,

30

Udaipur, chief city, Mewar,

100

,

101

,

103

-

105

, pl.

29

(comment)

Udho, friend of Krishna,

52

-

54

,

68

Ugrasena, king of Mathura,

26

,

48

,

54

,

57

,

67

,

69

Ugrasura, snake demon,

33

Upanishads

,

17

Usa, daughter of demon Vanasura,

64

Vaikuntha, heaven of Vishnu,

18

,

59

Vallabhacharya, poet,

84

Vamana, dwarf incarnation of Vishnu,

20

Vanasura, demon with a thousand arms,

64

Varuna, god of water,

18

,

38

, pl.

1

Vasudeva, Yadava prince, father of Krishna, husband of Devaki, brother of Kunti,

21

,

27

-

31

,

44

,

46

,

48

-

53

,

62

,

69

, pl.

3

Vatsasura, cow demon,

33

Vedas,

39

,

46

,

56

,

117

Vedic Age, The

,

121

Victoria and Albert Museum,

98

, pls.

30

,

33

,

34

Vidyapati, poet,

84

,

87

,

90

,

111

Vishnu,

17

-

20

,

26

-

29

,

36

,

39

,

40

,

45

-

47

,

49

,

56

-

58

,

67

,

69

,

70

,

76

,

115

,

116

, pl.

2

(comment)

Vishnu Purana

,

25

,

116

,

117

, pl.

8

(comment)

Visvakarma, divine architect,

54

,

63

Vrishabhanu, father of Radha,

72

Vrishnis, kinsmen of Krishna,

23

Vyamasura, wolf demon,

45

Wellesz, E.,

98

Williams, R.H.B., pl.

30

(comment)

Wilson, H.H.,

116

,

117

Winternitz, M.,

121

Wonder that was India, The

,

19

,

115

,

117

,

121

Wrestlers, Krishna's conflict with,

44

,

45

,

48

, pl.

17

Yadavas, pastoral caste, Krishna's castemen,

21

,

26

,

27

,

45

,

49

-

57

,

61

,

62

,

54

,

66

-

69

,

117

, pls.

1

(comment),

2

(comment)

Yasoda, wife of Nanda, foster-mother of Krishna,

27

-

33

,

35

,

49

,

51

-

53

,

61

,

62

,

72

,

109

Yoga,

19

,

23

Yudhisthira, leader of the Pandavas, husband of Draupadi,

21

-

23

,

65

,

66

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