Part 7 — APPENDICES

A. List of Writings by Miss Nightingale.

B. List of Writings about Her.

C. List of Portraits of Her.

APPENDIX A

List of Printed Writings, whether published or privately circulated, by Miss Nightingale, chronologically arranged

1851

(1) The Institution of Kaiserswerth on the Rhine, for the Practical Training of Deaconesses, under the direction of the Rev. Pastor Fliedner, embracing the support and care of a Hospital, Infant and Industrial Schools, and a Female Penitentiary. London: Printed by the inmates of the London Ragged Colonial Training School, Westminster, 1851. Octavo, paper wrappers, pp. 32.

Published anonymously (see Vol. I. p. 93). There was another edition (no date), with a different imprint, “London: Printed for the benefit of the Invalid Gentlewomen's Establishment, 1 Upper Harley Street.”

1854

(2) Letters from Egypt. For Private Circulation only. London: Printed by A. and G. A. Spottiswoode, 1854. Octavo, pp. 334 + 79.

After p. 334, further letters follow with separate pagination. The letters were written in 1849 and 1850 (see Vol. I. p. 95).

1855

(3) Evidence contained in Report upon the State of the Hospitals of the British Army in the Crimea and Scutari, 1855.

This is the Report of the Commission of Three sent out by the Duke of Newcastle (see Vol. I. p. 176). Miss Nightingale's evidence is at pp. 330–331, 342–343; and there are numerous references to it in the text of the Report.

1857

(4) Female Nurses in Military Hospitals. A “tentative and experimental” Memorandum submitted by request to the Secretary of State. Printed in The Panmure Papers, 1908, vol. ii. pp. 381–384.

This Memorandum was included, with a few slight modifications, at pp. 15–19 of Subsidiary Notes (see No. 9).

(5) Statements exhibiting the Voluntary Contributions received by Miss Nightingale for the use of the British War Hospitals in the East, with the Mode of their Distribution, in 1854, 1855, 1856. London: Harrison, 1857. Octavo, red-paper wrappers, pp. 68.

One of the most important sources for many sides of Miss Nightingale's work in the East. The pamphlet contains plans, also, of the Hospitals at Balaclava and Scutari.

1858

(6) Letter to “the Colonists of South Australia,” dated Jan. 28. Printed in the Daily News, August 26, 1858.

The letter was a reply to a Memorial adopted at a Meeting held at Adelaide, September 10, 1856, in support of the Nightingale Fund.

(7) Report of the Commission appointed to inquire into Regulations affecting the Sanitary Condition of the Army, the Organization of Military Hospitals, and the Treatment of the Sick and Wounded. Blue book, 1858.

Miss Nightingale's evidence, supplied in answer to written questions, occupies pp. 361–394. It was reprinted in her Notes on Hospitals (ed. 1, 1859). Appendix LXXII. was also her work (anonymous). The whole Report may, in a sense, be included among her “Works” (see Vol. I. Part III. Chapters I. and IV.).

(8) Notes on Matters affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army founded chiefly on the Experience of the late War. Presented by request to the Secretary of State for War. London: Harrison & Sons, 1858. Octavo, pp. 567.

(9) Subsidiary Notes as to the Introduction of Female Nursing into Military Hospitals in Peace and in War. Presented by request to the Secretary of State for War. London: Harrison & Sons, 1858. Octavo, pp. 133. With 23 additional pages (separately numbered) of “Thoughts submitted as to an Eventual Nurses' Provident Fund.”

These important reports (for which see Vol. I. pp. 343, 347) were not issued to the public. 500 copies of each volume were printed at a total cost to Miss N. of £501:12s.

(10) Various articles (unsigned) in the newspapers on the Hospital at Netley.

In July and August Miss N. organized a vigorous press-campaign on this subject (see Vol. I. p. 383), and there is a large collection of cuttings amongst her papers. Some of the articles, etc., may have been written by friends. Those which are shown by her Papers to be hers are: “What is to be done with Netley?” in the Examiner, July 24, and “Netley Hospital” in the Saturday Review, August 28 (her own title for this latter was “Peel's Life Pills or the Elixir Vitæ”). Other articles, etc., probably hers, appeared in the Builder, July 24, the Daily News, July 28 (signed “Vigilans”), the Lancet, Aug. 14, and the Leeds Mercury, Aug. 21.

(11) “Sites and Construction of Hospitals.” Three articles (unsigned) in the Builder, August 28, September 11 and 25, 1858.

These articles were reprinted in Notes on Hospitals (1859).

(12) “Notes on Hospitals.” Two Papers read at Liverpool. Printed in the Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, 1858, pp. 462–482.

These papers were also printed separately (brown paper wrapper), 8vo, pp. 22, with plan. They were reprinted in Notes on Hospitals (1859).

(13) Mortality of the British Army, at Home and Abroad, and during the Russian War, as compared with the Mortality of the Civil Population in England. Illustrated by Tables and Diagrams. (Reprinted from the Report of the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into the Regulations affecting the Sanitary State of the Army.) London: Printed by Harrison & Sons, 1858. Blue-book size, in stiff lilac paper wrappers, pp. 21.

This was a reprint of Appendix LXXII. in the Royal Commission's Report, where it is stated that “The Tables and Diagrams are furnished by Dr. Farr, F.R.S.” They were prepared by him for Miss Nightingale (see Vol. I. p. 376).

1859

(14) A Contribution to the Sanitary History of the British Army during the late War with Russia. Illustrated with Tables and Diagrams. London: Printed by Harrison & Sons, 1859. Large folio, pp. 16 and diagrams.

Some copies had the imprint of J. W. Parker & Co. For a notice of this important work, see Vol. I. p. 386. 150 copies were printed.

(15) Notes on Hospitals: being two Papers read before the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, at Liverpool, in October 1858. With Evidence given to the Royal Commissioners on the State of the Army in 1857. By Florence Nightingale. London: John W. Parker & Son, 1859. Octavo, pp. 108.

For the two Papers (pp. 1–22), see Vol. I. p. 417. The MS. of them (entitled severally “Notes on the Health of Hospitals” and “Sixteen Sanitary Defects in the Construction of Hospital Wards”) is in the Liverpool Public Reference Library, bound in a volume with Miss Nightingale's letter of presentation. For the “Evidence” (pp. 23–88), see above, No. 7. In an appendix (pp. 89–108) three articles from the Builder are reprinted (see above, No. 11). There was a second edition of Notes on Hospitals in 1859. For the third edition, which was almost a new book, see under 1863.

(16) Notes on Nursing: What it is and what it is not. By Florence Nightingale. London: Harrison (1869). Octavo, pp. 70.

Issued at the end of December 1859, at the price of 5s. This book, the most largely distributed of Miss Nightingale's writings, sold very quickly (15,000 copies within a month of publication), and numerous editions were issued (see Vol. I. p. 448).

1860

(17) Notes on Nursing: What it is and what it is not. By Florence Nightingale. New edition, revised and enlarged. London: Harrison, 1860. Octavo, pp. 224. Price 6s.

This edition, with much additional matter, was printed in larger type. Simultaneously, a “Popular Edition” was issued, in limp cloth, price 2s.

The publisher also issued a pamphlet (without wrappers), pp. 43, containing Reviews and Notices of “Notes on Nursing.”

The book was reprinted by Appleton & Co. in New York, and American editions appeared in 1860, 1876, 1879, 1883, 1891, 1901, 1906, 1908, 1909.

In England the book was most widely distributed in a cheap form (see 1861).

For foreign translations, see Nos. 22 and 116 (Italian), 26 (German), 32 (French).

(18) Proceedings of the International Statistical Congress, Fourth Session, 1860. To this Congress (Second Section, Sanitary Statistics) Miss Nightingale contributed Papers, which were printed in various forms in its Proceedings, etc.

The Programme (quarto, pp. 210) contains her Paper on “Hospital Statistics” (p. 63), with an appendix containing her detailed “Proposal for an Uniform Plan of Hospital Statistics” (pp. 65–71).

The Proceedings on Tuesday, July 17, report (p. 2) the reading of her paper by one of the secretaries, and her suggestions were adopted, subject to some additions to the tabular form. The Proceedings of July 18 report further discussion on these additions. The Proceedings of July 19 contain (p. 5) a letter from Miss Nightingale concurring in the additions. The Proceedings of July 20 mention that a letter was read from her “on subjects of inquiry for next Congress” (see (2) below).

The Report of the Congress (quarto, pp. 548) contains (pp. 173, 174) (1) an account of Miss Nightingale's Papers and of the conclusions of the Congress thereon (see Vol. I. p. 431); (2) a letter from Miss Nightingale to Lord Shaftesbury on subjects of inquiry for the next Congress (pp. 177–178).

Miss Nightingale had copies of her Papers separately printed, with an abstract of the discussions of the Congress thereon. Quarto, in blue paper wrappers.

(19) Suggestions for Thought to the Searchers after Truth among the Artizans of England. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1860. 3 vols. Octavo, pp. 292, 411, 126.

For this book, printed for a very limited private circulation only, see Vol. I. pp. 470 seq. The second and third volumes have a slightly different title (see Vol. I. p. 478), Suggestions for Thought to Searchers after Religious Truth.

(20) Note on the New Zealand Depopulation Question.

I am not sure that this Note on the Aborigines of New Zealand has ever been printed; but it may have been. It was written at the request of Sir George Grey (see Vol. II. p. 78), and the manuscript of it was bequeathed by him with all his other papers to the Auckland Public Library. The collection includes several letters from Miss Nightingale. The Note was the work of Miss Nightingale in collaboration with Dr. Sutherland.

(21) Note on Causes of Deterioration of Race. A short paper, printed (probably in 1860), but not, so far as I have traced, published.

(22) Cenni sull' Assistenza degli Ammalati. Quello che è assistenza, e quello che non lo è. Di Florence Nightingale. Tradotto dall' inglese da Sabilla Novello. Turin: Fratelli Bocca, 1860. Octavo, pp. 96. Price 1 lira 50.

Miss Sabilla Novello was sister of Clara Novello and, like her (see Vol. I. p. 500), was devoted to Miss Nightingale.

1861

(23) Notes on Nursing for the Labouring Classes. By Florence Nightingale. London: Harrison, 1861.

Bound in limp red cloth, pp. 96, price 7d. The preface is dated “March 1861.” An abridgment of the previous book; but with some additions, and with a supplementary chapter entitled “Minding Baby” (see Vol. I. p. 450). This cheap edition was reprinted in 1865, 1868, 1876, 1883, 1885, 1888, 1890, 1894, 1898.

(24) Sidney Herbert. A Paper—headed “Private and Confidential” (no other heading and no title)—on his Services to the Army. Privately printed. Blue-book size, pp. 5.

The substance of this Paper, considerably enlarged, appears in Army Sanitary Administration (1862). The Paper is dated “August 2, 1861” (the day of Sidney Herbert's death); it was written a few days later (see Vol. I. p. 408).

(25) Miss Nightingale on the Volunteer Movement, in a letter to Sir Harry Verney. Printed on a folio card, intended, no doubt, for exhibition in post offices, halls, etc.

The letter, dated October 8 (P.S. Oct. 9), 1861, was printed in the Standard, October 12, and copies were distributed by the Non-Commissioned Officers of the 1st Sussex Volunteer Artillery at the Prize Distribution Soirée at the Royal Pavilion, Brighton, October 18, 1861.

(26) Die Pflege bei Kranken und Gesunden, … mit einem Vorwort des Geh. Sanitäts-Rath, Dr. H. Wolff, Bonn. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1861.

A German translation of Notes on Nursing, arranged for by Miss Nightingale's friend, Fräulein Bunsen, “with a very idiotic Preface,” said F. N., “by a very clever man.”

(27) “Hospital Statistics and Hospital Plans.” A paper printed in the Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, 1861, pp. 554–560.

Reprinted in 1862: see next item.

1862

(28) Hospital Statistics and Hospital Plans. By Florence Nightingale. Reprinted from the Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (Dublin Meeting, August 1861). London: Emily Faithfull & Co., 1862. A pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 8.

This includes the Model Statistical Forms which were approved by the International Statistical Congress (see above, No. 18). It also gives plans of the “Herbert Hospital” at Woolwich, then being built.

(29) Army Sanitary Administration and its Reform under the late Lord Herbert. London: M'Corquodale & Co., 1862. A pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 11.

A paper read at the London meeting of the Congrès de Bienfaisance, June 13, 1862; a revised and enlarged version of the Privately Printed Memorandum of 1861 (No. 24). The Paper was also printed as vol. ii. pp. 103–111 of the Proceedings of the Congrès de Bienfaisance de Londres, Session de 1862. London: Trübner, 1863.

(30) Deaconesses' Work in Syria. Appeal on Behalf of the Kaiserswerth Deaconesses' Orphanage at Beyrout. Signed “Florence Nightingale, London, September 19, 1862.” On a fly-sheet, folio.

(31) Thomas Alexander, C.B., Director-General Army Medical Department. A Memorial Letter by Miss Nightingale, printed in the Weekly Scotsman, September 13, the Lancet, September 27, 1862, and many other papers.

The letter was read by Lord Elcho in unveiling a public monument to Dr. Alexander at Prestonpans. “I can truly say,” she wrote, “that I have never seen his like for directness of purpose, unflinching moral courage and honesty.”

(32) Des Soins à donner aux Malades: ce qu'il faut faire, ce qu'il faut éviter. Par Miss Nightingale. Ouvrage traduit de l'Anglais avec l'authorisation de l'auteur. Précédé d'une Lettre de M. Guizot et d'une Introduction par M. Daremberg. Paris: Didier. Crown 8vo, pp. lxxx. + 301.

A translation of Notes on Nursing (1860). A biographical “Notice sur Miss Florence Nightingale” occupies pp. lxi.–lxxvii. For a reference to Guizot's letter, see Vol. I. p. 82.

1863

(33) Report of the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India, 1863. Large-size Blue-book, 2 vols. At vol. i. pp. 347–370, “Observations by Miss Nightingale on the Evidence contained in the Stational Returns,” dated Nov. 21, 1862, with illustrations; pp. 371–462, “Abstract of the same Reports,” headed “Prepared by Dr. Sutherland,” in fact prepared by him and Miss Nightingale.

For this Report, which was her work in further respects, see Vol. II. Pt. V., Chaps. II., III. The Report was issued in three different forms:

(1) As above.

(2) An octavo abridged edition (July 1863). This edition does not include either Miss N.'s “Observations” or the “Abstract.”

(3) A revised abridged edition, issued by the War Office. This was prepared by Miss Nightingale and included her “Observations” (pp. 297–344), and a new “Abstract of the Evidence” (pp. 157–297) prepared by her. For the story of these three editions, see Vol. II. pp. 35–38.

(34) Observations on the Evidence contained in the Stational Reports submitted to the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India. By Florence Nightingale. (Reprinted from the Report of the Royal Commission.) London: Edward Stanford, 1863. Octavo, pp. 92, bound in red cloth. Price 2s. 6d.

This is a reprint of the “Observations,” with all the illustrations (see No. 33). The Publisher said in a prefatory note: “On a subject of the highest interest to the country, it appears desirable that Miss Nightingale's views should be placed in the hands of the public, both in England and in India. Those who have Miss Nightingale's other volumes will thus be able to add to them a book which is second to none of them in charm of style, and will promote the reform of the sanitary condition of the British Army, as well as conduce to the wellbeing of the natives of India.”

Extracts from the “Observations” and from “How People may live and not die in India” (No. 41) were printed in the Soldier's Friend, July 1, 1865.

(35) Proposal for Improved Statistics of Surgical Operations. Quarto, pp. 7; dated December 1863.

The proposal had been submitted to the International Statistical Congress held at Berlin in 1863 (see Vol. I. p. 434). The Paper was included in the third edition of Notes on Hospitals (No. 37).

(36) Note on the Supposed Protection afforded against Venereal Disease by recognizing Prostitution and putting it under Police Regulation. Folio, pp. 8.

Not signed, and headed “Private and Confidential.” Miss N. printed 20 copies only (see Vol. II. p. 75).

(37) Notes on Hospitals. By Florence Nightingale. Third edition, enlarged and for the most part rewritten. London: Longmans, 1863. Quarto, pp. 187.

This edition comprised (1) the two Papers (rewritten) of the first edition (but not the evidence to the Royal Commission of 1857); (2) new chapters on Improved Hospital Plans, Convalescent Hospitals, Children's Hospitals, Indian Military Hospitals, Hospitals for Soldiers' Wives; (3) Hospital Statistics, A. General Statistics, B. Proposal for Improved Statistics of Surgical Operations; (4) an appendix “On Different Systems of Hospital Nursing.”

Of these contents, (3) A. was substantially a reprint of No. 27; and (3) B. of No. 35.

Of (4) a separate edition, slightly altered, was issued (see No. 38).

The publication of this third edition led to a lively discussion in the medical press. The Lancet approved of Miss Nightingale's statistical method (Feb. 27, 1864). The Medical Times (Jan. 30) strongly attacked it. Dr. Farr defended it (Feb. 13), and a correspondence ensued for some weeks which was as heated as professional disputes generally are. The reviews in the general press were very numerous.

(38) Note on Different Systems of Nursing. A pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 5 (printed by Harrison & Sons).

This is reprinted, slight alterations, from the appendix in the third edition of Notes on Hospitals.

(39) Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, 1863, containing two Papers by F. N.: (1) Sanitary Statistics of Colonial Schools, pp. 475–488 (discussion on the paper, p. 557). (2) How Men may live and not die in India, pp. 501–510 (discussion, pp. 557–558).

For the reprint of (1), see No. 40; of (2), No. 41.

(40) Sanitary Statistics of Native Colonial Schools and Hospitals. By Florence Nightingale. London: 1863. A pamphlet (lilac-coloured paper wrappers), pp. 67.

1864

(41) How People may live and not die in India. By Florence Nightingale. (Read at the Meeting of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, held at Edinburgh, October 1863.) London: Emily Faithfull, 1863. A pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 11, in lilac-coloured paper wrappers.

This Paper, of wide fame in its day, appeared in three forms: (1) In reports of the Social Science Association's Meetings (No. 39); also very fully reported in the Scotsman, October 9, 1863.

(2) In the pamphlet, above described, which, though dated 1863, was not issued till Jan. 1864. 250 copies were printed for private circulation only.

(3) A second edition, widely circulated, appeared in November 1864, published by Longmans, 8vo, pp. 18 (lilac wrapper), with a new Preface (dated August 1864).

(42) Suggestions, in Regard to Sanitary Works required for Improving Indian Stations, prepared by the Barrack and Hospital Improvement Commission. Blue-book (Suggestions, pp. 1–37), issued in 1864.

These Suggestions are signed by the members of the Commission. They were written mainly by Miss Nightingale. The MS. of the Suggestions as first sent to the printers, preserved among her papers, is in her handwriting, with some additions by Dr. Sutherland. The section (and numerous illustrations in an appendix) dealing with drainage and water-supply was contributed by Mr. R. Rawlinson. See Vol. II. p. 48. A revised edition was issued in 1882.

1865

(43) Remarks by the Barrack and Hospital Improvement Commission on a Report by Dr. Leith on the General Sanitary Condition of the Bombay Army. Parliamentary Paper, 1865, No. 329.

The original draft of this Paper was prepared by Dr. Sutherland and Miss Nightingale (see Vol. II. p. 54).

(44) Suggestions on a System of Nursing for Hospitals in India. A letter to the Secretary of the Sanitary Commission for Bengal, pp. 18. Signed “Florence Nightingale, London, February 24, 1865.” Folio, pp. 18.

Introduction, pp. 1–3; detailed Suggestions, pp. 4–18. The Introduction (as is shown by a MS. amongst Miss Nightingale's Papers) was written by Sir John McNeill. Miss Nightingale's letter was included, as an appendix, in an Indian Official Paper (Simla, Aug. 29, 1866) (see Vol. II. p. 55).

(45) Nursing Association for the Diocese of Lichfield.… By E. J. Edwards. London: Parker, 1865. A pamphlet, with letter from F. N. dated April 13, 1865, on p. 1.

(46) The Organization of Nursing in a Large Town (an account of the Liverpool Nurses' Training School). With an Introduction, and Notes, by Florence Nightingale. Liverpool, 1865. Octavo, pp. 103.

Miss Nightingale's Introduction occupies pp. 9–16. The book also contains (pp. 25–26) a letter from her, dated November 30, 1861, on the “Training and Employment of Women in Hospital, District, and Private Nursing.”

A Swedish translation, by Frau Engelskau, appeared at Stockholm in 1869.

(47) Note on the Aboriginal Races of Australia: a Paper read at the Annual Meeting of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, held at York, September 1864. London: Printed by Emily Faithfull, 1865. A pamphlet without wrappers, pp. 8.

The “Note” had previously been printed in the Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, 1864, pp. 552–558.

(48) Death of Pastor Fliedner, of Kaiserswerth. A quarto circular, pp. 4; three letters, dated Oct. 21, Nov. 21, Dec. 10, 1864.

The last letter was an appeal for a Fund to support his widow and children. The first two of the letters had already appeared in Evangelical Christendom, New Series, vol. v. pp. 535–536 (November), pp. 584–586 (December).

1867

(49) Report of the Committee on Cubic Space of Metropolitan Workhouses with Papers submitted to the Committee. Blue-book, 1867. Paper xvi. is Miss Nightingale's “Suggestions on the Subject of Providing, Training, and Organizing Nurses for the Sick Poor in Workhouse Infirmaries,” pp. 64–79 (dated Jan. 19, 1867).

For this Paper, see Vol. II. pp. 135–6. Miss Nightingale had copies of it separately printed. Folio, pp. 16. Subsequently (1868) she issued an abridgment of the Paper: Method of Improving the Nursing Service of Hospitals. Folio, pp. 8 (some copies have an appendix, pp. 11). Some of the contents were again printed in 1874.

(50) Workhouse Nursing. A letter to Mr. William Rathbone, dated Feb. 5, 1864, printed at pp. 4–6 of Workhouse Nursing: the Story of a Successful Experiment. Macmillan, 1867.

For this letter, see Vol. II. p. 125.

1868

(51) “Una and the Lion.” A paper in Good Words, June 1868, pp. 360–366.

An account of Miss Agnes Elizabeth Jones, “the pioneer of workhouse nursing.” It was reprinted, with some slight alterations, as “Introduction” to Memorials of Agnes Elizabeth Jones, by her Sister (1871), a book which ran into many editions (5th, 1872). The use of Miss Nightingale's Paper in that book was unauthorized, and she objected to the Memorials as one-sided and morbid, and giving no true account of Miss Jones's work. For this paper, see Vol. II. p. 140.

(52) Memorandum on Measures adopted for Sanitary Improvements in India up to the end of 1867; together with Abstracts of the Sanitary Reports hitherto forwarded from Bengal, Madras, and Bombay. Printed by the order of the Secretary of State for India in Council, 1868.

The Memorandum consists of (1) a résumé of the Sanitary Question from 1859 to 1867; (2) dispatch from Sir Stafford Northcote of April 23, 1868; (3) a review of the situation. Of these, (1) was written by F. N.; (2) was drafted by her, (3) was written by her (see Vol. II. p. 154).

1869

(53) “A Note on Pauperism.” An article in Fraser's Magazine, March 1869, pp. 281–290.

See Vol. II. p. 164.

(54) Report on Measures adopted for Sanitary Improvements in India during the year 1868 and up to the month of June 1869; together with Abstracts, etc. Blue-book.

The Introductory Memorandum, pp. 1–8, was mainly written by F. N. (see Vol. II. p. 181).

1870

(55) Letter, dated May 25, 1870, to the Council of the Bengal Social Science Association, on being elected an Honorary Member thereof. Printed at pp. xiv., xv. of the Transactions of the Association (Calcutta, 1870).

On her Indian work for 11 years.

(56) Indian Sanitation. Printed at pp. 1–9 of the Transactions of the Bengal Social Science Association (Calcutta, 1870).

The address was sent with a covering letter, dated June 24, 1870. A note by the President of the Association says: “Our assistant-secretary, Babu Nilmoney Dey, has undertaken to translate this noble address to the People of India into Bengali, and it shall be the care of our Council to provide that, before the end of the year, its wise and benevolent monitions shall have free means of access to every native homestead, at least in this Presidency of India.”

(57) Report on Measures adopted for Sanitary Improvements in India from June 1869 to June 1870; together with Abstracts, etc. Blue-book.

This includes two contributions by F. N., viz.:

“Paper on Sanitary Progress in India,” contributed by request to the Report, pp. 40–46. “Letter to the Bengal Social Science Association,” dated June 1870. Reprinted at pp. 288–291 of the same Report (see No. 56).

In the former of these Papers, Miss Nightingale criticized the introduction of conflicting disease-theories into sanitary reports, as tending to confuse the public mind and impede expenditure on sanitary improvement. Dr. Maclean, of the Netley Hospital, took exception to these views in the Lancet (Oct. 29, 1870), and Miss Nightingale replied in the issue of November 19, 1870 (p. 725).

(58) Letter on the Franco-German War and Red-Cross Nursing. Printed in the Times, August 5, 1870.

See Vol. II. p. 199.

(59) Punishment and Discipline. A letter to the National Congress on Penitentiary and Reformatory Discipline, Cincinnati, 1870. Printed in the Transactions (Albany, 1871), p. 636.

The letter dated “November 12, 1870,” urges the expediency of making thieves pay by reformatory work for what they steal.

1871

(60) Emigration. A letter to the Rev. Horrocks Cocks, April 12, 1871. “Published by special permission of Miss Nightingale,” on a fly-sheet, pp. 2.

(61) Introductory Notes on Lying-in Institutions. Together with a Proposal for Organising an Institution for Training Midwives and Midwifery Nurses. By Florence Nightingale. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1871. Octavo, pp. 110.

For this book, see Vol. II. p. 196.

1872

(62) “Observations on Sanitary Progress in India.” Dated October 11, 1872. Contributed by request to the Report on Measures adopted for Sanitary Improvements in India, 1872, pp. 48–49.

(63) Address from Miss Nightingale to the Probationer Nurses in the “Nightingale Fund” School at St. Thomas's Hospital. Printed for Private Circulation. Dated May 1872. Quarto, pp. 8.

Copies were also lithographed from Miss Nightingale's MS. An address (or sometimes called a letter) was written in many succeeding years (see below under 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1878, 1879, 1881, 1883, 1884, 1886, 1888, 1897, 1900, 1905). For remarks on the addresses generally, and quotations, see Vol. II. pp. 263–268.

1873

(64) “A ‘Note’ of Interrogation.” An article in Fraser's Magazine, May 1873, pp. 567–577.

(65) “A Sub-‘Note of Interrogation.’ What will our Religion be in 1999?” An article in Fraser's Magazine, July 1873, pp. 25–36.

For these papers, see Vol. II. pp. 218–220.

(66) Address from Miss Nightingale to the Probationer Nurses in the “Nightingale Fund” School at St. Thomas's Hospital and the Nurses who were formerly trained there. Printed for Private Circulation. Quarto, pp. 12. Dated “May 23, 1873.”

(67) Notes on the New St. Thomas's Hospital. [Being simply Notes on those things which should be avoided.] Headed “Private and Confidential.” Folio, pp. 4.

(68) Prison Discipline. A letter, dated “September 1, 1873,” addressed to the Rev. Dr. Wines and printed in the Hartford Courant (Connecticut).

The letter was reprinted in English newspapers, e.g. in The Times October 11, 1873.

(69) Voting Reform in Charities. A letter to Sir Sydney Waterlow, dated October 30, printed in The Times, November 4, 1873.

(70) Letter to the Nurses of the Edinburgh Infirmary. Quarto, pp. 5. Dated Dec. 6, 1873.

(71) A letter (lithographed) addressed to specified (Nightingale) Nurses at the Edinburgh Infirmary, Christmas 1873.

1874

(72) Life or Death in India. A Paper read at the Meeting of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, Norwich, October 1873. With an appendix on “Life or Death by Irrigation.” London: Harrison & Sons, 1874. A pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 63, in lilac paper wrappers.

For a notice of this pamphlet, see above, p. 181. The Paper was printed in several different forms:

(1) In the Transactions of the Association, 1873, pp. 463–474.

(2) For private circulation, as a pamphlet (pp. 14, in white paper wrappers) entitled How Some People have lived and not died in India. London, 1874 (printed by Spottiswoode).

(3) With the appendix (written in May 1874) as above. Some copies are in dark-blue wrappers, and have “Spottiswoode & Co.” in place of “Harrison & Sons.”

(4) The Paper and appendix were printed at pp. 47–64 of the Blue-book, Report on Measures adopted for Sanitary Improvements in India from June 1873 to June 1874.

(73) Address from Florence Nightingale to the Probationer Nurses in the “Nightingale Fund” School at St. Thomas's Hospital and the Nurses who were formerly trained there. July 23, 1874. Printed for Private Use. Quarto, pp. 12.

(74) “Irrigation and Means of Transit in India.” An article in the Illustrated London News, August 1, 1874; signed, and dated “July 30, 1874.”

The article contains an incidental reference to the “India Council Bill of Lord Salisbury—that master-workman and born ruler of men.” The article was reprinted in the Homeward Mail, August 4, and the Journal of the National Indian Association, September (pp. 215–219).

(75) Suggestions for Improving the Nursing Service of Hospitals and on the Method of Training Nurses for the Sick Poor. Folio, pp. 18 (dated August 1874).

This Paper comprises: (1) “Method of Training Nurses at St. Thomas's Hospital (under the Nightingale Fund).” (2) “Relation of Hospital Management to Efficient Nursing.” (3) “Structural Arrangements in Hospitals required for Efficient Nursing.” (4) “District Nursing.” Of these contents (1) and (2) and (3) were reprinted with some alterations from No. 49.

(76) Letter to the Nurses of the Edinburgh Infirmary (Dec. 1874). Quarto, on a single sheet.

(77) The Zemindar, the Sun, and the Watering Pot as affecting Life or Death in India. Folio, pp. 195; bound up in two Parts (pp. 1–84, 85–195).

For this work (never issued in any final form), see above, p. 295. Proof-copies, among Miss Nightingale's papers, show many variations in the title, e.g. for Part I., “The Zemindary System as affecting Life or Death in India,” and for Part II., “Life or Death in India under Irrigation.”

1875

(78) Address from Florence Nightingale to the Probationer Nurses in the “Nightingale Fund” School at St. Thomas's Hospital and the Nurses who were formerly trained there. May 26, 1875. Printed for Private Use only. Quarto, pp. 12.

1876

(79) Address … [as in No. 78]. April 28, 1876. Printed for Private Use only. Quarto, pp. 12.

(80) Metropolitan and National Association for Providing Trained Nurses for the Sick Poor. On Trained Nursing for the Sick Poor. By Florence Nightingale. A letter addressed to the Times of Good Friday, April 14, 1876. Printed by Spottiswoode & Co., 1876. A small pamphlet (without wrappers), pp. 12.

Other copies have the imprint, “Printed by Cull & Son, Houghton Street, Strand.” There were articles on Miss Nightingale's letter in the Saturday Review, April 22, and Punch, April 29. The pamphlet was reprinted in 1881.

(81) The “Bulgarian Atrocities.” A letter, dated September 15, in the Daily News, September 18.

An eloquent appeal for the Bulgarian Relief Fund, addressed to Sir John Bennett.

1877

(82) “The Famine in Madras.” A letter to the Illustrated London News, June 29, 1877.

The letter, dealing with irrigation as a preventive of famine, was reprinted as an appendix (pp. 25–30) to a pamphlet entitled The Madras Famine, by Sir A. Cotton. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.

(83) In Memoriam. In remembrance of John Gerry. A small pamphlet, pp. 14, in mauve paper wrappers. Written and privately printed by F. N.

John Gerry was a young footman who died of smallpox at Lea Hurst on July 17, 1877. Miss Nightingale was in the house at the time and had two trained nurses in attendance on him.

(84) “The Indian Famine.” A letter to the Lord Mayor, enclosing a cheque for the Mansion House Relief Fund, printed in the Daily Telegraph, August 20.

“The letter would be worth its weight in gold to the Fund,” said the Lord Mayor in acknowledging it. It was an earnest appeal for aid to the ryot, than whom “there is not a more industrious being on the face of the earth.”

(85) Work in Brighton; or, Woman's Mission to Women. By the Author of Active Service, Work among the Lost, etc. [Ellice Hopkins]. With a Preface by Florence Nightingale. Ninth Thousand. London: Hatchards, 1877.

The Preface, dated “October 1877,” occupies pp. iii., iv., and is an earnest appeal for Rescue Work.

(86) Lettre sur le devoir des Femmes de prendre une part active à l'œuvre du relèvement de la moralité publique, et considerations sur les résultats sanitaires de la reglementation dans l'Inde Anglaise.

Read at a Congress in Geneva in the autumn of 1877. I have not been able to trace where it was printed.

(87) A Letter to the Nurses of the Edinburgh Infirmary, dated “New Year's Eve, 7 A.M.” Quarto, pp. 3.

1878

(88) Letter to the Matron, Home Sister, and Nurses at St. Thomas's Hospital. Quarto, pp. 14.

Lithographed. Dated “New Year's Day, 7 A.M., 1878.” This took the place of the usual address.

(89) “Who is the Savage?” An article in Social Notes (edited by S. C. Hall), May 11, 1878, vol. i. No. 10, pp. 145–147.

A description of life in the slums of a great city—suggesting an extension of Miss Octavia Hill's work, coffee-houses, co-operative stores, and rescue work. The MS. of this paper was offered for sale by an Edinburgh bookseller in 1913.

(90) “The United Empire and the Indian Peasant.” An article in the Journal of the National Indian Association, June 1878, pp. 232–245.

(91) St. Thomas's Hospital. Memorandum for Probationers as to Finger Poisoning, etc. A fly-sheet, pp. 4. Dated “July 1878.”

Drawn up by F. N. in consultation doubtless with the medical officers.

(92) “A Water Arrival in India. By a Commissioner.” An article, signed “F. N.,” in Good Words, July 1878, pp. 493–496.

Describing, in the language as of a Royal Progress, the opening of the Kana Nuddee (Blind River) in the Hooghly District.

(93) Opinions of Women on Women's Suffrage. A leaflet (8vo, pp. 4, printed by A. Ireland & Co., Manchester); Florence Nightingale's opinion (dated July 1878) occupies p. 1:—

You ask me to give my reasons for wishing for the suffrage for women householders and women ratepayers. I have no reasons. The Indian ryot should be represented so that the people may virtually rate themselves according to the surveys of what is wanted, and spend the money locally under certain orders of an elected board. If this is the case: that we wish to give to the Indian native, peasant and Zemindar alike, such local representation as we can in spending the taxes he pays, is the educated English taxpayer, of whichever sex, to be excluded from a share in electing the Imperial representatives? It seems a first principle, an axiom: that every householder or taxpayer should have a voice in electing those who spend the money we pay, including, as this does, interests the most vital to a human being—for instance, education. At the same time I do not expect much from it, for I do not see that, for instance in America, where suffrage is, I suppose, the most extended, there is more (but rather less) of what may truly be called freedom or progress than anywhere else. But there can be no freedom or progress without representation. And we must give women the true education to deserve being represented. Men as well as women are not so well endowed with that preparation at present. And if the persons represented are not worth much, of course the representatives will not be worth much.

(94) “The People of India.” An article in the Nineteenth Century, August 1878, pp. 193–221.

For this article, see above, p. 290.

1879

(95) Letter from Florence Nightingale to the Probationer-Nurses in the “Nightingale Fund” School at St. Thomas's Hospital. Easter, 1879. For Private Use only. Quarto, pp. 4.

This letter, dated “Easter Eve, 1879, 6 A.M.,” was also lithographed in smaller form.

(96) St. Thomas's Hospital: Memorandum of Instructions by Matron to Ward Sisters on Duties to Probationers. Dated “Easter, 1879.” A pamphlet of 4 pp.

Signed “S. E. W.” (Mrs. Wardroper, the Matron), but written by F. N.

(97) “A Missionary Health Officer in India.” Three articles in Good Words, July, August, September 1879, pp. 492–496, 565–571, 635–640.

The first and part of the second article describe Indian Famine relief. The rest of the second discusses, in connection with agrarian riots in the Deccan, the evils caused by the money-lenders (for an extract from this article, see Vol. I. p. 87 n.). The third describes the work of a Sanitary Commissioner in normal times with special reference to Bombay. Both the second and the third articles close with panegyrics of Lord Lawrence.

(98) Letter on Co-operation in India. Printed at pp. 219–221 of the Journal of the National Indian Association, May 1879.

(99) “Irrigation and Water Transit in India.” Three articles in the Illustrated London News, May 10, 24, 31.

(100) Can we educate Education in India to educate “Men”? Three articles in the Journal of the National Indian Association, August, September, October 1879, pp. 417–430, 478–491, 527–558.

1880

(101) In Memoriam. A card (pp. 4), “from F. P. V. and F. N.” in memory of Frances and William Edward Nightingale (F. N.'s mother and father).

The card was composed by F. N., whose choice of texts, etc., was characteristic—e.g. “Live for Him: then come life, come death, we are His.” “God help us to use ourselves more entirely for Him in our work.”

(102) “Woman Slavery in Natal.” A letter from Miss Nightingale (dated Nov. 22, 1879) to Mr. James Heywood, printed in the Aborigines' Friend, April 1880.

(103) “Hospitals and Patients.” An article put into type for the Nineteenth Century of September 1880, but not used.

1881

(104) Letter from Florence Nightingale, May 6, 1881 [to the Nurses at St. Thomas's Hospital]. Lithographed, pp. 16.

1882

(105) “Hints and Suggestions on Thrift.” A paper printed in a monthly journal entitled Thrift, January 1882, p. 4.

(106) Training of Nurses and Nursing the Sick. Articles occupying pp. 1038–1043, 1043–1049 of Quain's Dictionary of Medicine.

Copies of Miss Nightingale's article were separately struck off, as a pamphlet (without wrapper), pp. 12. In later editions of the Dictionary the articles were revised by Florence Nightingale Boyd. Extracts from the original articles were printed on a card for use in the Salisbury Infirmary, 1902.

(107) “Infection.” By Sir J. Clarke Jervoise, Bart., with Remarks by Miss Nightingale. Second edition. London: Vacher & Sons, 1882. Pamphlet, in blue paper wrappers, pp. 63.

Miss Nightingale's “remarks,” at pp. 62, 63, were on the first edition of the pamphlet (published anonymously in 1867). They are an attack on “the germ hypothesis.”

1883

(108) From Florence Nightingale to the Probationer-Nurses in the “Nightingale Fund” Training School at St. Thomas's Hospital and to the Nurses who were formerly trained there. May 23, 1883. Lithographed, pp. 13.

(109) The Dumb shall speak, and the Deaf shall hear; or, the Ryot, the Zemindar, and the Government. A Paper read at a meeting of the East India Association, and printed in its Journal, July 1883, pp. 163–211.

The paper was read by Mr. F. Verney, Sir Bartle Frere in the chair, on June 1. It was reprinted separately in the same year by the Association as a pamphlet (without wrapper, pp. 48).

(110) “Our Indian Stewardship.” An article in the Nineteenth Century, August 1883, pp. 329–338.

A defence of Lord Ripon's policy. The article was largely the work of Sir William Wedderburn. “The article is an excellent one,” she wrote to him (Aug. 1), “if only it had been signed by you, and not by me.”

(111) “The Bengal Tenancy Bill.” An article in the Contemporary Review, October 1883, pp. 587–602.

1884

(112) Letter to the Nightingale Probationers, dated July 3, 1884. Printed in the Report of the Nightingale Fund for the year 1883, which at p. 3 gave a report of the Annual Meeting (Lord Houghton in the chair) whereat the letter was read.

1886

(113) To the Probationer-Nurses of the Nightingale Fund School at St. Thomas's Hospital. Florence Nightingale. New Year's Day, 1886. (For Private Use only.) Small pamphlet (cream paper wrappers), pp. 16.

(114) Florence Nightingale to Surgeon-Major G. J. H. Evatt. A fly-leaf, so entitled, printed in connection with the “Woolwich Election, 1886.”

The letter, dated June 24, 1886, commends the candidature of Surgeon-Major Evatt on the ground of his administrative experience and energy in “vital matters of social, sanitary, and general interest.” He stood as a Liberal and was not elected.

1887

(115) Village Sanitation in India. A letter, dated February 22, 1887, to the Joint Secretaries of the Bombay Presidency Association. Quarto, pp. 3.

A similar letter was addressed to the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha.

(116) Note sull' Assistenza ai Malati di Miss Nightingale Tradotto e Abbreviate da A. C. [Comparetti]. Lucca: Topografia Giusti, 1887.

1888

(117) To the Probationer-Nurses in the Nightingale Fund School at St. Thomas's Hospital from Florence Nightingale, May 16, 1888. For Private Use only. Lithographed, pp. 20 (with yellow wrappers).

(118) Sanitation in India. “Letter from Miss Nightingale,” dated “London, July 27, 1888,” published in the Journal of the Public Health Society [of Calcutta], October 1888, vol. iv. pp. 63–65.

1889

(119) Village Sanitation in India. A letter, dated February 20, 1889, to the Joint Secretaries of the Bombay Presidency Association. Quarto, pp. 3.

The same letter, similarly printed, was also addressed “To the Joint Secretaries of the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha.” The letter was for the most part a critical exposition of the Bombay Village Sanitation Bill; it was noticed in the Bombay Gazette Summary, April 5, 1889.

1890

(120) Sketch of the History and Progress of District Nursing. By William Rathbone. With an Introduction by Florence Nightingale. Dedicated by permission to Her Majesty. London: Macmillan, 1890.

The Introduction occupies pp. ix.–xxii.

1891

(121) Message to Nurses at Liverpool. Printed at p. 11 of the Sixty-third Annual Report of the Royal Southern Hospital. Liverpool: 1904.

The message was sent in February 1891 on the occasion of the opening of the Nursing Home. One of the wards of the Hospital is named after Miss Nightingale.

(122) Sanitation in India. A letter, dated February 16, 1891, to the Joint Secretaries of the Bombay Presidency Association. Quarto, pp. 3.

The same letter was also addressed to the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha.

(123) Sanitation in India. A letter, dated December 1891, to Rao Bahadur Vishnu Moreshwar Bhide, Chairman, Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. Quarto, pp. 3.

These open letters, intended for “distribution to local associations and influential Indian gentlemen,” attracted much notice in the Indian press. A selection of press comments upon them was printed in the Indian Spectator, July 10, 1892. There was also a notice of No. 121 in the Times of January 10, 1892, in the weekly review of “Indian Affairs” by Sir W. W. Hunter. “Miss Nightingale's letter forms,” he said, “a brief, but practical code of village sanitation.”

1892

(124) Village Sanitation in India. Letter from Miss Nightingale to the Secretary of State for India (Lord Cross), dated March 1892, enclosing a Memorandum signed by members of the India Committee of the International Congress on Hygiene and Demography (1891). Printed in India, July 15, 1892, pp. 200.

See Vol. II. p. 379379.

(125) Introduction to Behramji M. Malabari: a Biographical Sketch, by Dayaram Gidumal. London: Fisher Unwin, 1892.

Miss Nightingale's Introduction occupies pp. v.–viii.

(126) Health at Home. Letters in the Report of the Training of Rural Health Missioners and of their Village Lecturing and Visiting under the Bucks County Council: 1891–92. Winslow: E. J. French. Pamphlet, pp. 50.

There are three letters by F. N.: (1) a letter (dated Oct. 17, 1891) to Mr. Frederick Verney on the importance of training rural health missioners; (2) a letter, dated October 1892, to “Village Mothers,” pp. 14, 15; (3) a letter, dated November 21, 1892, reporting on the experiment and urging its continuance (see Vol. II. p. 384).

(127) Cholera: What we can do? By George H. By George H. De'Ath, medical officer of health for Buckingham. Buckingham: Walford & Son. Pamphlet, in green paper wrappers, pp. 19.

The last pages (18, 19) were contributed by F. N. An appeal to fight against cholera by preventive sanitation; “for if cholera does not come we are winning the day against fever,” etc.

(128) “Hospitals.” Article in Chambers' Encyclopædia, new edition, revised and partly re-written by F. N.

(129) Royal British Nurses' Association. “Remarks by Miss Nightingale on a Register for Nurses.”

This was part of the case against the Royal Charter argued before the Privy Council in November 1892. Among Miss Nightingale's Papers are the original MS., a typed copy, and a MS. copy on brief paper made by the Solicitors for the opponents. I include it in the Bibliography, assuming that it was printed for the Privy Council.

(130) “Mrs. Wardroper.” A memorial notice of the late matron of St. Thomas's Hospital, printed simultaneously, December 31, 1892, in the British Medical Journal (under the title “The Reform of Sick Nursing and the late Mrs. Wardroper”) and in the Hospital Nursing Supplement (“A Nursing Worthy”).

For extracts, see Vol. I. p. 458.

1893

(131) “Sick-Nursing and Health-Nursing.” A Paper in pp. 184–205 of Woman's Mission: a Series of Congress Papers on the Philanthropic Work of Women by Eminent Writers. Arranged and edited, with a Preface and Notes, by the Baroness Burdett-Coutts. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co., 1893. A publication issued by the Royal British Commission, Chicago Exhibition, 1893.

The main part of the paper occupies pp. 184–199. Then comes an “Addendum” on District Nursing, with an account of the Bucks “Health-Nurse Training” system and “Syllabus of Lectures to Health Missioners.”

(132) “Health Lectures for Indian Villages.” A Paper printed in India, October 1893, pp. 305–306.

1894

(133) “Health and Local Government.” An Introduction (pp. i.–ii.) to Report of the Bucks Sanitary Conference, October 1894. Aylesbury: Poulton & Co.

Miss Nightingale's Introduction was also separately printed as a small fly-leaf, pp. 2, headed Health and Local Government, by Florence Nightingale.

(134) Health Teaching in Towns and Villages. Rural Hygiene. By Florence Nightingale. London: Spottiswoode & Co., 1894.

A pamphlet, pp. 27. Reprinted from a Paper read at the Conference of Women Workers held at Leeds, November 7 to 10, 1893. The Paper is also printed in the Official Report of the Conference (Leeds, 1894), pp. 46–60.

(135) Village Sanitation in India. A Paper for the Tropical Section of the 8th International Congress of Hygiene and Demography at Budapest. A pamphlet (without wrappers), pp. 8; signed “Florence Nightingale. London: August 20th, 1894.”

The “Memorandum” of 1892 (No. 122) was reprinted as an Appendix.

1895

(136) Birds. A letter, dated Feb. 4, 1895, to “Uncle Toby” of the Dicky Bird Society, printed in the Newcastle Chronicle's Weekly Supplement, February 16.

1896

(137) “A Few Lines to Workhouse Nurses.” A Supplement (pp. 53–57) to Agnes Jones; or, She hath done what she could. By Mrs. Roundell, London: Bickers & Sons, 1896.

A few sentences from Miss Nightingale's Supplement are reproduced in facsimile as a frontispiece to this little book.

(138) “Health Missioners for Rural India.” An article in India, December 1896, pp. 359–360.

1897

(139) To the Nurses and Probationers trained under the “Nightingale Fund,” June 1897. Octavo, pp. 17 (in plain white wrappers).

1898

(140) A Letter from Florence Nightingale about the Victorian Order of Nurses in Canada. A small pamphlet, in white paper wrappers, pp. 4.

The letter, to Lady Aberdeen, is dated May 5, 1898. It is stated at the end of the pamphlet, “The original of this letter is written entirely by Miss Florence Nightingale's own hand.” There is no imprint.

1899

(141) The Soldier in War-time. Letter to the Balaclava Survivors, printed in the Daily Graphic, October 26, 1899.

This letter uses some of the phrases quoted at Vol. II. p. 411.

1900

(142) To all our Nurses, May 28, 1900. Lithographed, pp. 12.

Miss Nightingale's hand-writing in this letter shows little sign of age. It is bold and clear.

(143) Letter to the Lord Provost of Edinburgh. Printed at p. 26 of an official and illustrated account, compiled by A. A. Gordon, of the Edinburgh and East of Scotland Hospital for South Africa (Blackwood & Sons).

For the occasion of this letter, see Vol. II. p. 411.

1901

(144) In Memory of Robert James Baron Wantage, V.C., K.C.B. A privately printed memoir, containing on p. 53 a letter from Miss Nightingale.

The letter, dated June 12, 1901, includes these words: “Lord Wantage is a great loss, but he has been a great gain. And what he has gained for us can never be lost. It is my experience that such men exist only in England: a man who had everything (to use the common phrase) which this world could give him, but who worked as hard, and to the last, as the poorest able man—and all for others—for the common weal. A man whose life makes a great difference for all: all are better off than if he had not lived; and this betterness is for always, it does not die with him—that is the true estimate of a great life.” These words were quoted at the head of an article on Lord Wantage in the Edinburgh Review, January 1902.

(145) Appeal on behalf of the Invalid Hospital for Gentlewomen, Harley Street. Letter in the Times, November 12, 1901.

Reprinted in the Annual Reports of the Institution for 1902, 1903, etc. The letter, though signed Florence Nightingale, bears no mark of her style, and is not quite accurate in its account of her early association with the hospital (see Vol. I. p. 133). The letter is said to have been written for Miss Nightingale by Mrs. Dicey. The institution, re-christened “The Florence Nightingale Hospital for Gentlewomen,” is now in new quarters in Lisson-grove.

1905

(146) New Year's Message from Florence Nightingale to the Nursing Staff of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, January 1905. Printed on a card.

“I pray with all my heart that God will bless the work abundantly in Edinburgh Infirmary, and enable the workers to do it for Him, in the love which we owe Him.”

(147) Message to the Crimean Veterans. Printed at p. 47 of a pamphlet entitled The Crimean and Indian Mutiny Veterans' Association, Bristol. Bristol, 1905.

One of the last messages sent by Miss Nightingale. The anniversaries celebrated by the Veterans, she says, “have always been marked days to her also.”

APPENDIX B

List of Printed Writings, whether published or privately circulated, by Miss Nightingale, chronologically arranged (For the limited scope of this list, see the Preface, Vol. I. p. viii.)

1854

(1) Letter in the Times, October 24, by “One who has known Miss Nightingale.”

(2) “Who is ‘Mrs.’ Nightingale?” A biographical article in the Examiner (reprinted in the Times, October 30).

These two communications fixed the popular idea of Miss Nightingale. For the article in the Examiner, see Vol. I. p. 164.

1855

(3) Bracebridge. “British Hospitals in the East.” Report in the Times, October 16, 1855, of a lecture given at Coventry by Mr. C. H. Bracebridge, supplemented by a letter from him in the Times, October 20.

For a reference to this lecture, see Vol. I. p. 287. The report contains many particulars of Miss Nightingale's services and difficulties.

(4) The “Record” and Miss Nightingale. Remarks on two Articles contained in the “Record” of February 1, and March 8, 1855. London: Nisbet, 1855.

This pamphlet throws light on the odium theologicum, see Vol. I. Part II. Ch. VIII. Miss N. was denounced as “a semi-Romish Nun,” an “Anglican Papist.”

(5) Roebuck Committee. Reports from the Select Committee on the Army before Sebastopol, March 1, 1853–June 18, 1855.

For this Report, see Vol. I. p. 176.

(6) S. G. O. Scutari and its Hospitals. By the Hon. and Rev. Sydney Godolphin Osborne. London: Dickinson Brothers, 1855.

This contains the best and fullest account by an eye-witness of Miss Nightingale at work at Scutari.

1855–57

(7) Various Broadsheets, Popular Songs, etc., about Miss Nightingale (see Vol. I. p. 266). A collection of them is preserved amongst her Papers. The following is the text of the most popular of the Songs:—

1856

(8) Eastern Hospitals and English Nurses; the Narrative of Twelve Months' Experience in the Hospitals of Koulali and Scutari. By a Lady Volunteer. 2 vols. 1856; 3rd ed. in one vol. 1857.

The author, Miss Fanny M. Taylor, was a member of the second party of nurses, which went out with Miss Stanley.

(9) Sayah; or, the Courier to the East. [By H. Byng Hall.] London: Chapman & Hall.

Contains a general tribute to Miss Nightingale, from one who visited Scutari.

(10) McNeill. Speech by Sir John McNeill at the Crimean Banquet at Edinburgh, reported verbatim in the Daily News, Nov. 3, 1856.

An excellent appreciation of Miss Nightingale, with many particulars of her work at Scutari.

(11) The Nightingale Fund. Report of Proceedings at a Public Meeting held in London, on Nov. 29, 1855.… Offices of the Nightingale Fund, 5 Parliament Street. Pamphlet, in yellow wrappers, pp. 36 + 16 + 24.

Pages 1–36, report of the Public Meeting; pp. 1–16, “Appendix.” Extracts from Leading Articles in the London Journals, etc.; pp. 1–24, “Addenda,” Report of Public Meetings in the provinces, 1856, etc.

Circ. 1856

(12) The Prophecy of Ada, late Countess of Lovelace, on her friend Miss Florence Nightingale. Written in the year 1851. Music composed by W. H. Montgomery. London: G. Emery & Co. [no date].

The poem—“A Portrait: taken from Life”—is printed on the back of the song (see Vol. I. pp. 38, 142).

1857

(13) Davis. The Autobiography of Elizabeth Davis, a Balaclava Nurse. Edited by Jane Williams. 2 vols. Hurst & Blackett, 1857.

Davis was one of Miss Stanley's party. She served as cook in the General Hospital at Balaclava. Though the work of an obviously uneducated and prejudiced woman, the book is useful as illustrating the intrigue against Miss Nightingale in the Crimea, and as reflecting the hostility which her strict discipline excited among some of the nurses. The book is not to be trusted. Miss Nightingale made very pungent remarks on this old woman's romancing about Lord Raglan and others.

(14) Pincoffs. Experiences of a Civilian in Eastern Military Hospitals.… By Peter Pincoffs, M.D., late Civil Physician to the Scutari Hospitals. William & Norgate.

Chapter vii., “The Providence of the Barrack Hospital,” gives an account of Miss N.'s work. This is one of the most important authorities, being the testimony of an eye-witness and a medical man; but Dr. Pincoffs was not at Scutari till the middle of 1855.

(15) Soyer's Culinary Campaign: being Historical Reminiscences of the Late War. By Alexis Soyer. London: G. Routledge, 1857.

Also of much value, as the record of an eye-witness, and a participator in Miss Nightingale's work.

1860

(16) An unpublished MS., found among Miss Nightingale's papers, written by “R. R.,” a Private in the 68th Light Infantry, giving an account of his attendance upon her. He had been invalided from the Crimea, and in January 1855 Mr. Bracebridge selected him for duty as messenger to Miss Nightingale: Vol. I. p. 256.

1861

(17) “What Florence Nightingale has done and is doing.” An article [by Mrs. S. C. Hall] in the St. James's Magazine, April 1861.

Gives an account, inter alia, of the early days of the “Nightingale Nurses.”

1862

(18) Experiences of an English Sister of Mercy. By Margaret Goodman. Smith, Elder & Co., 1862.

Miss Goodman was one of the “Sellonites” (see Vol. I. p. 159); she gives a somewhat detailed account of the nursing.

(19) Statement of the Appropriation of the Nightingale Fund. Reprinted, with slight additions, from a Paper read by Sir Joshua Jebb at the meeting of the Social Science Association, 1862. Pamphlet, 8vo, pp. 12.

Various other publications of the kind have been consulted—such as: Deed of Trust and other Deeds relating to the Nightingale Fund (London: Blades, 1878); and the Annual Reports of the Committee of the Council of the Nightingale Fund from 1862 to 1910.

(20) A Trip to Constantinople … and Miss Nightingale at Scutari Hospital. By L. Dunne. London: J. Sheppard.

The author was late Foreman of H.M. Stores at the Bosphorus.

1863

(21) Hornby. Constantinople during the Crimean War. By Lady Hornby. With Illustrations in Chromo-Lithography. London: Bentley, 1863.

Contains a few personal impressions of F. N. (see Vol. I. pp. 285, 296). Lady Hornby was wife of Sir Edmund Grimani Hornby, H.M. British Commissioner to Turkey during the Crimean war.

1864

(22) A Book of Golden Deeds. [By Charlotte M. Yonge.] Macmillan, 1864.

This book, which became very widely popular, had on its title-page a reproduction of the statuette of the Lady with the Lamp, and a reference to Miss Nightingale in its Preface.

(23) A Woman's Example, and a Nation's Work: A Tribute to Florence Nightingale. London: William Ridgway, 1864.

An account of the work of the United States Sanitary Commission (1861), inspired by American women. “All that is herein chronicled,” says the author in a Dedication to Florence Nightingale, “you have a right to claim as the result of your own work” (see Vol. II. p. 9).

1865

(24) Florence Nightingale. A Lecture delivered in the Theatre of the Medical College, November 9, 1865. By Major G. B. Malleson. Calcutta, 1865.

1874

(25) Thomas Grant, First [Roman Catholic] Bishop of Southwark. By Grace Ramsay [pseudonym of Kathleen O'Meara]. Smith, Elder & Co., 1874.

Chapter vii. gives a full account of the mission of the Bermondsey Nuns under Miss Nightingale.

1874–80

(26) Life of the Prince Consort. By Sir Theodore Martin. 5 vols. Smith, Elder & Co.

The references to Miss Nightingale are in vol. iii.

1880

(27) The Invasion of the Crimea. By A. W. Kinglake. Vol. vi. “The Winter Troubles.” Blackwood & Sons, 1880.

Chapter xi. is mainly devoted to an account of “The Lady-in-Chief” (Miss Nightingale).

1881

(28) Narrative of Personal Experiences and Impressions during a Residence on the Bosphorus throughout the Crimean War. By Lady Alicia Blackwood. London: Hatchard, 1881.

The narrative of one of Miss Nightingale's helpers (see Vol. I. p. 197).

1886

(29) Life and Work of the 7th Earl of Shaftesbury. By Edwin Hodder. 3 vols. (1886), popular ed. 1 vol. (1887).

This contains some references to the Crimean war, pp. 503 seq., and letters from F. N., 505, 581.

1887

(30) Mohl. Letters and Recollections of Julius and Mary Mohl. By M. C. M. Simpson. Kegan, Paul & Co., 1887.

Several references to Miss Nightingale (“F——”); also Lady Verney's recollections, cited at Vol. I. p. 21.

1895

(31) Das Rote Kreuz, No. 23, 1895. Published at Bern. At pp. 206–209 an article by Dr. Jordy, of Bern, on “Miss Florence Nightingale, the First Pioneer of the Red Cross,” with a letter from her dated September 4, 1872.

The letter was of thanks for a Paper read by M. Dunant in London on the work of the Red Cross (see Vol. II. p. 205).

(32) The Life and Correspondence of Sir Bartle Frere. By John Martineau. 2 vols. John Murray, 1895.

Contains some letters from Miss Nightingale.

(33) The Story of the Highland Brigade in the Crimea. Founded on letters written 1854–56 by Lieut.-Colonel Anthony Stirling. Remington & Co., 1895.

The importance of this book for an understanding of Miss Nightingale's work is pointed out at Vol. I. p. 167.

1897

(34) Life and Letters of Benjamin Jowett. By Evelyn Abbott and Lewis Campbell. 2 vols. John Murray, 1897.

This contains extracts from a large number of Mr. Jowett's letters to Miss Nightingale (though not so stated), as well as occasional references to her.

1900

(35) Howe. Reminiscences: 1819–1899. By Julia Ward Howe.

Quoted, Vol. I. pp. 37, 43.

1904

(36) Aloysius. Memories of the Crimea. By Sister Mary Aloysius [Doyle]. London: Burns & Oates, 1904.

Personal recollections by one of the Irish Nuns, who went out, under Mrs. Bridgeman, with Miss Stanley's party.

(37) Emma Darwin, Wife of Charles Darwin: A Century of Family Letters. By her daughter, H. E. Litchfield. 2 vols. Privately printed, 1904.

Quoted Vol. I. pp. 15, 96, 446.

(38) Tooley. The Life of Florence Nightingale. By Sarah A. Tooley. London: S. H. Bousfield & Co., 1904.

Contains several letters, recollections by Crimean veterans, etc.

1905

(39) William Rathbone: a Memoir. By Eleanor F. Rathbone. Macmillan, 1905.

Numerous references to Miss Nightingale, and accounts of undertakings in which she was concerned with Mr. Rathbone.

1906

(40) Stanmore. Sidney Herbert, Lord Herbert of Lea. A Memoir. By Lord Stanmore. 2 vols. John Murray, 1906.

Important correspondence between Sidney Herbert and Miss Nightingale is here given.

1907

(41) The History of Nursing. By M. Adelaide Nutting and Lavinia L. Dock. 2 vols. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1907.

An excellent account of “the evolution of nursing systems”; with a just appreciation of Miss Nightingale, and copious extracts from her writings.

(42) The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1837–1861. Edited by A. C. Benson and Viscount Esher. 3 vols. John Murray.

Quoted, or referred to, at Vol. I. pp. 217, 274.

1908

(43) Panmure. The Panmure Papers.… Edited by Sir George Douglas and Sir George Dalhousie Ramsay. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1908. 2 vols.

This collection, though it does not throw any light on the most important of Miss Nightingale's dealings with Lord Panmure, contains several letters of interest.

(44) St. John's House. A Brief Record of Sixty Years' Work, 1848–1908. 12 Queen Square, Bloomsbury, London, W.C. A pamphlet.

Contains some account of the recruiting of nurses for the Crimean war, and two letters from Miss Nightingale.

1910

(45) Bibliography. An Exhibit of some of the Writings of Florence Nightingale in the Educational Museum of Teachers' College, Columbia University, May 16 to June 1, 1910. Pamphlet, pp. 8.

This catalogue contains (1) a brief “Biographical Note”; (2) a catalogue of the Writings by F. N. exhibited; (3) a short catalogue of “Writings about Florence Nightingale.”

(46) Exercises in Commemoration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding by Florence Nightingale of the First Training School. Carnegie Hall, the City of New York, Wednesday, May 18th, 1910. A pamphlet, pp. 24.

A report of various addresses, by Mr. Choate and others.

(47) Florence Nightingale: a Force in Medicine. Address at the Graduated Exercises of the Nurses Training School of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, May 19, 1910. By Henry M. Hurd, M.D., Baltimore, 1910.

An excellent appreciation of Miss Nightingale's work as the founder of modern nursing, as sanitarian, and as army reformer.

(48) The Letters of John Stuart Mill. Edited by Hugh S. R. Elliot. 2 vols. Longmans & Co., 1910.

Mill's Letters of 1860 (see Vol. I. p. 471) are at vol. i. pp. 238–242; his letter of December 31, 1867 (see above, p. 217), is at vol. ii. pp. 100–105.

(49) Memoir of the Rt. Hon. Sir John McNeill, G.C.B., and of his second wife, Elizabeth Wilson. By their Granddaughter. John Murray, 1910.

This contains some letters from Miss Nightingale.

(50) August 15, and later. Obituary Notices of Miss Nightingale in the newspapers. Those written with most knowledge were in the Times and the Manchester Guardian.

(51) “Some Personal Recollections of Miss Florence Nightingale,” by “Lamorna” [with a series of letters from F. N.]. In the Nursing Mirror and Midwives' Journal, September 3, 1910, pp. 347–349.

(52) “Florence Nightingale, O.M., R.R.C.” By Major C. E. Pollock, Royal Army Medical Corps. Reprinted from the Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, October 1910. London: John Bale, Sons & Danielsson.

Contains several official documents (now at the Public Record Office) relating to Miss Nightingale's Crimean mission (see Vol. I. p. 188).

1911

(53) The Life and Letters of Sir John Hall, M.D., K.C.B., F.R.C.S. By S. M. Mitra. Longmans, Green & Co., 1911.

Of considerable interest (see Vol. I. p. 169).

1912

(54) Eine Heldin unter Helden (Florence Nightingale). Von J. Friz. Stuttgart, 1912. Verlag der Evang. Gesellschaft.

From this book I have quoted at Vol. I. p. 92 n. It also contains a few letters from Miss Nightingale—chiefly to the Fliedner family.

No date

(55) Wintle. The Story of Florence Nightingale. By W. J. Wintle. London: Sunday School Union.

Contains some reminiscences by Crimean veterans.

APPENDIX C

List of Portraits, Photographs, etc., of Florence Nightingale

Authentic likenesses of Miss Nightingale, except in her earlier years, are very few. When she had become famous, she shrank from publicity. She was very seldom photographed, and as a general rule she refused to sit for her portrait. The demand for portraits of her was great, and the demand created a supply. This list includes, however, with one probable exception (No. 5), only such portraits as are authentic.

(1) 1820–1. Water-colour drawing of F. N. as a baby on the knee of her Italian nurse Balia. At Lea Hurst.

(2) 1828. Water-colour drawing of Mrs. Nightingale with her two daughters (Florence is on her mother's knee). In the possession of Mrs. Leonard Cunliffe, daughter of Sir Douglas Galton. Reproduced as frontispiece to Vol. I.

(3) 1828. Water-colour drawing of Mrs. Nightingale with her two daughters, by A. E. Chalon. At Claydon. (Similar to, but not identical in costume with, the foregoing.)

(4) 1839. Water-colour portrait, by William White, of Florence Nightingale (sitting) and her sister, Parthenope, standing. In possession of Mrs. Coltman.

(5) circ. 1840. Small oil portrait by Augustus L. Egg, R.A. In the National Portrait Gallery (No. 1578). This picture was bought from Mrs. Salis Schwabe (an admirer of Miss Nightingale with whom she had a slight acquaintance) by Mr. William Rathbone, with a view to its presentation to the nation; and was given to the Portrait Gallery in 1910 by Mrs. Rathbone in accordance with her husband's desire. In view of these facts, and as the attribution to Egg agrees with dates, the Trustees accepted the portrait as authentic. Miss Nightingale's family, however, doubt whether it is so. There is no general resemblance. The face is plump, and all other portraits at that age show a thin face. The narrow ridge of F. N.'s nose is not given. The chestnut colour of the hair in the portrait is not true to life. The eyebrows are unlike. The expression is most uncharacteristic. All other early portraits, even quite slight ones, are remarkable for a peculiarly contained, self-possessed expression. The dress and ornaments are out of character; and Miss Nightingale never wore ear-rings. If the portrait be indeed of her, and by a practised artist, it can hardly have been made from the life.

(6) c. 1845. Pencil sketch by Miss Hilary Bonham Carter. In the possession of Miss B. A. Clough. Reproduced in Vol. I. p. 3838.

(7) c. 1850. Full-length, standing beside a pedestal, on which stands an owl. Engraved by F. Holl from a pencil drawing by Parthenope Nightingale (Lady Verney). Reproduced in the Illustrated Times, February 2, 1856, and as frontispiece to the Victoria Miniature Almanack and Fashionable Remembrancer for 1857.

(8) c. 1852. Large pencil head, copied about 1880 by J. R. Parsons from a drawing by Lady Eastlake. The original was in bad condition and is believed to have been destroyed. The copy is at Lea Hurst.

(9) c. 1852. Photograph, three-quarter face, almost profile; three-quarter length, seated, reading. A striped scarf. Taken in Germany. At Claydon.

(10) 1854. Photograph, seated, looking down, by Kilburn, then 222 Regent Street. Taken during Miss Nightingale's time at Harley Street. There were two positions as mentioned in the letter of Mrs. Sutherland noticed under No. 15, “looking down in one, in the other the eyes raised.” These are the photographs which some of Miss Nightingale's family considered the best.

(11) 1854. A sketch; seated, reading a book; white flower in her hair; red cross on her neck. “H. M. B. C. del.” [Miss Hilary Bonham Carter, whose initials, however, were J. H. B. C.] “Published November 28, 1854, by P. and D. Colnaghi: Colnaghi's Authentic Series.” There was also published an uncoloured print of the same drawing, which in turn was adapted in various forms—as in a print published by W. Bemrose & Sons, lettered “Miss Florence Nightingale, the Good Samaritan of Derbyshire, reading the accounts of the dreadful sufferings of our brave wounded soldiers,” etc., etc.

(12) 1855. Miss Florence Nightingale and Mr. Bracebridge on Cathcart's Hill, May 8, 1855. Lithographed by Day, and published. This drawing was made up by Lady Verney and Lady Anne Blunt from a slight sketch by Mrs. Bracebridge. Many other prints, still further removed from life, were published—such as: “Florence Nightingale in the Military Hospital at Scutari” (a coloured print published, March 16, 1855, by Read & Co., 10 Johnson's Court, Fleet Street); “Miss Florence Nightingale, the Soldiers' Friend” (drawn by Elston, published May 1, 1856, by Ellis, 51 Jewin Street, City); and “The Great Military Hospital at Scutari” (published, with a sentimental legend, Feb. 24, 1855, by Stannard & Dixon, 7 Poland Street).

(13) 1856. Oil picture of Miss Nightingale receiving the wounded at Scutari, by Jerry Barratt. Engraved as “Florence Nightingale at Scutari, A Mission of Mercy,” by S. Bellin. The picture is in the possession of Sir Percy Bates, Bart.

(14) 1856. Photograph, three-quarter length, three-quarter face, standing, by The London Stereoscopic Co. This photograph was taken at the request of Queen Victoria, and has often been reproduced.

(15) 1856. Plaster statuette; standing, with a lamp in the right hand, by Miss Hilary Bonham Carter. At Lea Hurst. There are several replicas, or versions with some differences. One is at St. Thomas's Hospital; another, in Mr. Henry Bonham Carter's possession; another, at Claydon. A second version was, by advice of Mr. Woolner, R.A., made less full in the skirt. A small version, on a reduced scale (about 15 in. high), was also made, and is very widespread. There is a letter to Miss Nightingale from Mrs. Sutherland (June 1866), in which she says: “There are photographs of the statuette which (though it seems odd to say so) are more characteristic than the actual portraits, none of which but the ‘owl’ one [No. 7], which you deprecate, give a real idea of what you were ten years ago.”

(16) c. 1858. Photograph, full-length, full face, standing, by Goodman. This was generally considered by Miss Nightingale's family to be the best likeness; reproduced in Vol. I. p. 394.

(17) 1862. Marble bust, by Sir John Steell. This bust, presented to Miss Nightingale by the non-commissioned officers and men of the British Army, has been placed in the Museum of the Royal United Service Institution in accordance with the provisions of her will. There is a replica at Lea Hurst.

(18) 1864. Commencement of a head by G. F. Watts, R.A. Miss Nightingale was persuaded by Sir Harry Verney to receive Mr. Watts on one or two occasions, who made a beginning only of a portrait. It is very slight, and Mr. Watts regarded it as so far a failure. He hoped to be able to resume the work, but abandoned the idea when Sir William Richmond made a portrait. The unfinished canvas is at Limnerslease.

(19) 1887. Oil portrait, half-length, by Sir W. B. Richmond, R.A. At Claydon. Reproduced as frontispiece to this volume. 1887 was the year of the final sittings; the portrait was begun at an earlier date.

(20) c. 1890. Photograph, side face, in veil, by Colonel G. Lloyd Verney.

(21) 1891. Photograph, three-quarter length, seated on a couch, full face, by S. G. Payne & Son, Aylesbury. Taken at Claydon.

(22) 1906. Two photographs of Miss Nightingale in her room; by Miss E. F. Bosanquet. One of these, enlarged, is reproduced above, p. 306.

(23) 1907. Two water-colour drawings (and a replica), by Miss F. Amicia de Biden Footner. One is reproduced above, p. 404. These drawings of Miss Nightingale in her room at South Street are in possession of various members of the family.

(24) 1908. Chalk-drawing, by Countess Feodora Gleichen. At Windsor, made (from life) by command of King Edward VII. for a collection of portraits of members of the Order of Merit.

INDEX

Abercromby, James (Lord Dunfermline), i. 25

Aberdeen, 4th Earl of, government of, defeated, i. 217

Aberdeen, Countess of, ii. 457

Aborigines, protection of, ii. 78–80

Abu-Simbel, i. 85

Acland, Sir H. W., ii. 318, 357

Adams, General, i. 235

Adams, John Couch, i. 65

Administration versus politics, ii. 382, 392

Adshead, Joseph, i. 423, 424

Aeschylus, ii. 229, 390

African exploration, ii. 315

Aga Khan, ii. 405, 428

Agincourt, ii. 201

Agrippa, Henry Cornelius, i. 226

Air, curative effects of, i. 419, ii. 118

Airey, General Sir Richard (Lord Airey), i. 357, 437, ii. 65, 73

Aitchison, Sir Charles, Lord Lawrence, ii. 45

Aitken, Sir W., M.D., i. 390, 391

Albert, Prince Consort: playing billiards, i. 37; designs jewel for F. N., i. 274; business-like capacity, i. 322; conversations with F. N. at Balmoral, i. 324, 326; opinion of F. N., i. 324; letter to F. N. (1858), i. 384; and the Queen's Proclamation to India (1858), ii. 324; correspondence with F. N., on a Lisbon Hospital, i. 421, 422; on St. Thomas's Hospital, i. 425, 426; death of, ii. 10, 26; F. N.'s appreciation of, ii. 10, 91

Alcock, Sir Rutherford, ii. 355

Aldershot Camp: Divisional reading-room, i. 351; exhibition of soldiers' trades, ii. 76; School of Cookery, i. 389, 398; Soldiers' Home, etc., ii. 5, 76; training at, i. 331

Alexander, Dr. Thomas, i. 328, 330, 331, 356, 364, 365, 372, 379, 394, 494, ii. 14, 16, 19, 338, 442; death of, i. 379

Alexandra, Queen (Princess of Wales), ii. 347, 348, 420

Alexandria, i. 87, 417

Alfred, Prince (Duke of Edinburgh), ii. 192

Algeria, sanitation in, ii. 110, 111, 158

Alice, Princess, of Hesse-Darmstadt, ii. 116, 187

Allen, C. H., Life of General Gordon, ii. 351

Allen, Fanny, i. 15, 96

Alma, battle of the, i. 145, 146, 205

Aloysius, Sister Mary, ii. 464

Ambler, Surgeon-Major Vincent, ii. 334

America, fame of F. N. in, ii. 419, 421, 451

American Civil War: and development of nursing, i. 441; F. N. sends reports, etc., to Washington, ii. 8; influence of her Crimean example, ii. 8, 9 n., 462

Ampère, J. J. Antoine, i. 19

Amrita Bazar Patrika, ii. 27 n.

Anderson, Dr., i. 258

Anderson, Sir H., ii. 152, 153

Angels: “ministering,” so called, ii. 263; the real, ii. 403, 413; “without hands,” i. 246

Anglo-Russian relations in Asia, ii. 156

Anglo-Saxon character, i. 424

Apollo Belvedere, i. 70

Apothecaries' Warrant, ii. 70

Appointments Boards, ii. 259

Argyll, 8th Duke of, i. 269

Aristotle, ii. 317

Army, mortality at home (1857), i. 361, 376; reduced by F. N.'s and S. Herbert's reforms, i. 397–8, ii. 174

Army Hospital Service, reorganized 1860, i. 396; subsequent alterations, ii. 336, 338; inquiries into (1880, 1882), ii. 328, 337; reforms in (1883, 1884), ii. 338, 341

Army Medical Department, reorganized (1859), i. 394; question of succession to Dr. A. Smith, i. 378, 379; threatened with retrenchment, ii. 173; For successive Directors-General, see Smith (Andrew), Alexander (T.), Muir, Crawford

Army Medical School (now Royal Army Medical College): establishment of, urged by F. N., i. 327, 330; promised but delayed, i. 378; established (1859), opened (1860) at Chatham, i. 390; F. N. drafts Regulations and nominates Professors, i. 390; befriends the Professors, i. 391; good done by, i. 391–2; F. N. as its founder, i. 392; Herbert prize medal at, ii. 8; moved to Netley (1863), ii. 67, 73; threatened (1869), ii. 173, (1876) ii. 318–19; present buildings, etc., at Millbank, i. 393

Army Medical Service: F. N.'s zeal for, ii. 67, 68; asked to mark a list of officers, ii. 74; Medical Officers' Warrant (1858), i. 394

Army Medical Statistics, i. 389

Army Sanitary Committee. See Barrack

Army Temperance Association, ii. 369

Arnold, Sir Edwin, The Song Celestial (from the Mahâbhârata), ii. 242, 401, 402

Arnold, Matthew, Literature and Dogma, F. N. on, ii. 219

Asceticism, i. 369, ii. 140

Ashburton, 1st Baron, and Lady Ashburton, i. 35, 37

Ashburton, 2nd Baron, i. 422

Ashburton, Lady (Louisa Stewart Mackenzie, second wife of 2nd Baron), i. 35, 422, 499, 502, ii. 300, 301, 306, 314, 324, 391

Ashley, Lord. See Shaftesbury

Askrigg, ii. 101

Aspromonte, ii. 91

Association for the Improvement of the Infirmaries of London Workhouses, ii. 124, 134, 137

Astley's, ii. 110

Athens, F. N. at, i. 87 seq.

Atherstone, Warwickshire, ii. 236, 237

Atonement, the, i. 486, ii. 234

Auckland, Lord (Bishop of Bath and Wells), i. 325

Auckland (N.Z.), F. N. manuscripts at, ii. 440

Augusta, Queen of Prussia, German Empress, ii. 187, 314 n.

Aunt Hannah. See Nicholson, Miss

Aunt Mai. See Smith, Mrs. Samuel

Austen, Jane, ii. 317

Austria and the Austro-Prussian War (1866), ii. 104, 106, 119

Autobiography of a Balaclava Nurse, ii. 461; referred to, i. 210 n., 249

Avignon, Mill's house at, ii. 221, 222

Aylesbury, Bucks County Infirmary, i. 422

Aztecs, ii. 315

Babbage, Charles, i. 26

Bacillus, ii. 400

Bacteriology, i. 441

Baden, Grand Duchess (Luise) of: founds Ladies' Society for Nursing in Baden, i. 447; admiration of F. N. and letters to her, i. 447, 450, ii. 202, 314, 413; on Notes on Nursing, i. 450; nurses the Emperor William I., ii. 314 n.

Baker, Mr., ii. 34, 35, 36 n.

Baker, Sir Samuel, ii. 304, 429

Baker, General Sir W. E., ii. 152, 274

Balaclava: battle of, i. 171, 181, ii. 404; an incident of, ii. 66; arrival of wounded from, at Scutari, i. 184; British hospitals at, i. 254, 285, 449; memorial cross at, i. 294

Balfour, Arthur James, ii. 397

Balfour, Dr. T. Graham, Secretary of the Royal Commission (1857), i. 329, 330, 332, 377; works with F. N., i. 372, 435; director of Army Medical Statistics, i. 389 n., 432, ii. 74

Balliol College, Oxford, ii. 333, 398; See also Jowett

Ballot, the, i. 26

Balmoral, F. N. at, i. 324, 325, 326

Balzac, i. 486, 505, ii. 106

Barbauld, Mrs., quoted, ii. 235

Barlow, Sir Thomas, ii. 421

Barrack and Hospital Improvement Commissions and Committees— Barrack and Hospital Improvement Commission (a Sub-Commission to advise on, and carry out, reforms recommended by the Royal Commission of 1857), i. 363, 381, 383, 388 Barracks Works Committee (appointed June 1861), i. 388–389, 405 Barracks (Mediterranean Station) Improvement Committee (1862), i. 405, ii. 7 Barracks and Hospital Improvement Commission (made a permanent body, 1862), ii. 64–65; reinforced by representatives of the India Office, to advise on Indian sanitary measures (1863), ii. 33, 42, 45, 46, 48, 51, 150; its name changed to Army Sanitary Committee (1865), ii. 65; various references, ii. 147, 149, 171, 172, 173, 178, 279; threatened, reconstituted (1890), ii. 374–5

Barracks, improvements in, i. 381, 388, 405, ii. 374 n., 406–7; F. N.'s proposed model, i. 374

Barratt, Jerry, picture of F. N. at Scutari, ii. 468

Barrie, Georgiana. See Gonzaga, Sister

Bathurst, Caroline, i. 114

Batta, violoncellist, i. 25

Baudens, L., i. 204 n.

Bayard, the Chevalier, ii. 160

Bayard, T. F. (American Ambassador), ii. 419

Bayuda Desert, ii. 350

Bazaars, i. 80

Beatitudes, the, ii. 120, 261

Beaumont, Elie de, i. 21

Bèche, Sir H. de la, i. 38

Bedchamber Plot, i. 25

Begging letters, i. 318, 319, 496, ii. 86 n., 106

Bence-Jones, Dr., i. 269, 456 n., 457

Bengal, plants of, ii. 310

Bengal Land Question, ii. 285, 297

Bengal Social Science Association, ii. 178, 446

Bentinck, General, i. 235

Benton, Samuel, ii. 272 n.

Berlin, F. N.'s study of hospitals at, i. 92, 417; Victoria Training School for Nurses, ii. 190

Bermondsey, R.C. Convent at, Nuns from, with F. N. during Crimean War, i. 159, 253, 304; subsequent relations with, i. 487

Bermuda, yellow fever, ii. 70

Bernays, Dr., i. 460

Best, Mr., i. 266, 281

Bethune, Mr., i. 35

Bhownaggree, Mr., ii. 378

Bible, the, F. N. on selections from, ii. 228, 229; Protestant view of, i. 77

Birds, F. N.'s fondness for, i. 9, 10, 28, ii. 309

Birdwood, Sir George, ii. 378

Birkenhead, loss of the, i. 316

Birkenhead Hospital, i. 423

Bismarck, Prince, ii. 105, 315

“Bison,” the, i. 325; bullyable, i. 335; bullying the, i. 335, 354, ii. 30

Blachford, Lord. See Rogers

Blackwell, Dr. Elizabeth, i. 29, 61

Blackwood, Lady Alicia, i. 197, 198, 240; her Experiences of the Crimean War, ii. 463; quoted, i. 247, 260

Blackwood, Rev. Dr. J. S., i. 197

Blanchecotte, Madame, Impressions de Femme, ii. 315

Blue-books, i. 377, 386, 499, 500, ii. 307

Board of Survey, i. 202

Body and soul, ii. 224

Boer War, ii. 411

Bokhara, King of, ii. 156

Bologna, ii. 420

Bomba, King Ferdinand II. of Naples, ii. 90

Bombay: plague, ii. 409; sanitation in, ii. 174, 183, 281; Village Sanitation Bill, ii. 377, 378, 454

Bonham Carter, Charles, ii. 392

Bonham Carter, Miss Edith, ii. 389

Bonham Carter, Henry, i. v, 30, 280, ii. 190, 191, 200, 254, 361 n., 362, 363, 392, 393, 403, 413

Bonham Carter, Miss Hilary, i. 11, 29, 99, 124, 130, 431, 492, 500, 502, ii. 25 n.; illness and death of, ii. 93, 395; portraits of F. N. by, ii. 468, 469

Bonham Carter, John (M.P. for Portsmouth), i. 29

Bonham Carter, John (“Jack,” M.P. for Winchester), i. 423

Bonham Carter, Malcolm, ii. 389

Bonham Carter, Norman, ii. 389

Books, object of, ii. 233; prefaces to, i. xxiii

Booth, Charles, on F. N., i. 456

Bosanquet, Miss Elizabeth, ii. 416, 469

Bossuet, i. 481

Boswell's Johnson, ii. 99

Bouffé (French actor), i. 34

Bowman, Sir William, M.D., i. 137, 141, 456 n., 457, 462; letter to F. N., i. 462

Boyd, Florence Nightingale, ii. 452

Bracebridge, Charles H.: with F. N. in Rome (1847–48), i. 69, 75, 79; with F. N. in Egypt and Greece, etc. (1849–50), i. 84; Sidney Herbert proposes that Mr. and Mrs. B. should accompany F. N. to Scutari, i. 153, 155; his sojourn at Scutari and work there, i. 173, 197, 203, 235, 241, 250, ii. 236; letters from, i. 181, 183, 186, 191, 235; S. Herbert's tribute to, i. 269; accompanies F. N. to the Crimea, i. 256; returns to England, i. 295; speech on his return, i. 213, 287, ii. 459; joins Council of Nightingale Fund, i. 456 n.; various references, i. 67, 79, 114, 211, 284, 313, 348, ii. 260; death of, ii. 236; character of, ii. 236, 237

Bracebridge, Mrs. Charles (Selina Mills): F. N.'s affection for (1846), i. 35; tributes to (1874, etc.), ii. 236, 237, 305; with F. N. in Rome (1847–1848), i. 69, 70, 71, 73; with F. N. in Egypt, etc. (1849–50), i. 84; accompanies F. N. to Scutari and work there, i. 153, 155, 158, 163, 173, 215, 234, 236, 241, 255, 296; goes to the Crimea, i. 260; various references, i. 67, 79, 96, 112, 114, 124, 129, 141, 462, 502, ii. 89, 96, 260, 468; death of, ii. 236

Bréchard, Mère de, ii. 81

Bridgeman, Mrs. (Mother Superior of the Kinsale nuns), i. 289, 292, 293

Bright, John, i. 195 n., ii. 293; interview with F. N., ii. 289

Brinton, Dr. W., i. 460

British Army Scripture Readers, i. 495

British Association, meeting, 1847, i. 65; 1861, ii. 4 n.

British Medical Journal, on nursing, 1854–74, i. 444

British Nurses Association, ii. 356 seq.

Broadhead, W., and rattening, ii. 149

Brougham, Lord, i. 26, 428, ii. 396

Brown, Lieut.-Col. Clifton, i. 280

Brown, General Sir George, i. 175, 319

Brown, Joseph, M.D., i. 330, 332

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, sees F. N., i. 118

Browning, Robert, ii. 395; quoted or referred to, Paracelsus, i. 43, 54, ii. 426; Rabbi Ben Ezra, ii. 401, 402; Ring and the Book, ii. 307

Bruce, Lady Augusta (Stanley), i. 124, 281, ii. 93

Bruce, H. A. (Lord Aberdare), ii. 212

Brussels, F. N.'s study of hospitals at, i. 417

Buckingham, Duke of, ii. 282

Buckingham Canal (Madras), ii. 288 n.

Buckle, H. T., History of Civilization, i. 484

Buckley, R. B., Irrigation Works of India, ii. 297 n.

Bucks, North, Technical Education Committee, ii. 383, 384

Budget, a Moral, ii. 218, 219

Buenos Ayres, ii. 412

Buffon, ii. 67

Bulgaria, ii. 284

Bunsen, Baron von, and family, i. 62, 63, 84, 114, ii. 441

Burdett, Sir Henry, ii. 356 n.

Burdett-Coutts, Lady, i. 151, 499, ii. 418, 456

Bureaucracy, evils of, i. 405, 407, ii. 4, 62

Burglars, ii. 393

Burgoyne, General Sir John, i. 410

Burial Board Office, ii. 36

Burke, quoted, ii. 1, 18

Burlington Hotel, London, i. 328, 342, 380, 406, 431, 498; associations with F. N., i. 507; a domestic catastrophe at, i. 506; maids at, i. 507; F. N. leaves (Aug. 1861), i. 507; never revisits, ii. 3

Burma, annexation of, ii. 372

Business-like: Roman Catholicism, i. 424, 487; unbusiness-likeness, i. 424, 495

Butler, Mrs. Josephine, ii. 75

Butterfield, William, i. 423

Byron, Lady, i. 114, 262, 265, 266

Byron, Lord, i. 369, ii. 389

Byron of the East, the, ii. 178

“Cabal,” F. N.'s, i. 313, 365

“Cabinet,” F. N.'s, i. 313, 357, 367, 492, ii. 21

Cadmus, i. 32

Caird, Sir James, ii. 289, 292 n., 333

Caird, Mr., M.P., i. 437

Cairo, mosques, ii. 226

Calcutta, sanitary condition of, ii. 51, 52, 86, 174, 177, 181, 183, 281, 375

Cambridge, Duke of, i. 269, 273, 324, 340; F. N.'s estimate of, i. 384–385; letters to F. N., i. 384, ii. 407; opposes General Hospital at Woolwich, ii. 6; other references, ii. 5, 68; retirement, ii. 407

Campbell, Sir George, ii. 177, 285, 295, 296, 298; lectures at Oxford for F. N., ii. 334; F. N. on, ii. 274

Campbell, Lewis, ii. 399

Canadian Expedition (1861), ii. 9, 10

Candolle, A. P. de, i. 17

Canning, Lady, i. 131, 134, 140, 160, 266, 371

Cap (dog), i. 13

Cardigan, Lord, i. 291

“Cardinal,” the, i. 249, 499

Cards and working-men's clubs, ii. 326

Cardwell, Edward, Viscount, ii. 29, 30, 162 n., 173, 212, 318

Carlyle, Mrs., i. 488

Carlyle, Thomas: on Happiness, i. 67; Past and Present, i. 34; on F. N.'s Papers in Fraser's Magazine, ii. 165, 220

Carpenter, Miss, ii. 177, 178

Carracci, ii. 294

Carter, Bonham. See Bonham Carter

Cassandra, i. 119, 490

Catholics and Protestants compared, i. 77. See also Roman Catholicism

Cats, i. 499, 504, ii. 17, 392

Cautley, Sir Proby, member of the Royal Commission on India (1859), ii. 19, 21; of the Army Sanitary Committee, ii. 33 n.

Cavalry barracks, ii. 65

Cavour, death and last words of, i. 401, 404, 484

Cawnpore, ii. 141

Census: of 1861, F. N. and, i. 435–438; of 1861 and 1901 compared, on nurses, i. 445; Papers, how to fill in, ii. 206

Century of Family Letters, A, i. 15, 96, 446, ii. 464

Ceylon, barracks, ii. 70

Chadwick, Sir Edwin, i. 352, 451, 505, ii. 4, 133, 138, 222; introduces F. N. to Mill, i. 470; on F. N.'s illness, i. 492, 493

Chalon, A. E., ii. 467

Chamberlain, Joseph, ii. 407

Chamberlain, Sir Neville, ii. 369

Chambers, Robert, Vestiges of Creation, i. 37

Character, F. N. on, ii. 434; seldom deserved, i. xxiii

Charmouth, i. 80

Chartists, i. 80

Chateaubriand, i. 20, 21, ii. 16, 425

Chatel, Madame de, ii. 235

Chatham: Fort Pitt, Medical School at, i. 390; F. N.'s inspection of hospitals at, i. 316, 349

Chaumont, Professor F. de, i. 383

Chelsea Board, i. 336, 337, 357 n.

Chelsea Military Hospital, i. 349

Chelsea Pensioners, reminiscences of F. N., i. 235

Chewed food books, i. 486

Cheyne, T. K., ii. 229

Childers, Hugh C. E., ii. 328, 337; Queen Victoria's letters to (1882), i. 215 n.

Children, F. N.'s interest in, ii. 305

Children's Bible, ii. 228

China, Expeditionary Force (1857), i. 340, 398

Chisholm, Mrs., i. 123

Choate, Joseph H., ii. 421

Cholera, in India, ii. 70, 344, 455; inquiry, 1869, ii. 171; in London (1854), i. 140; as a “visitation of God,” i. 479

Chorlton Union Infirmary, i. 423

Christ: the Cross and, i. 486; His dogmas and those of the Church, ii. 392; the first true Mystic, ii. 233, 243; Italian pictures of, ii. 294; not an ascetic, i. 369; in what sense, ii. 140; Prometheus and, ii. 390; Renan's, i. 486; as “Saviour,” i. 485; the Son, i. 486, ii. 244; various conceptions of, i. 369

Christian, Princess, ii. 357, 360, 362, 363, 365, 366, 408

Christianity, essence of, ii. 429

Christie, Miss, i. 11

Christison, Professor, i. 352, 368

Church-going, i. 134, 369, 476

Church of England, i. 57, 58, ii. 392

Church of Rome, i. 57, 58

Churchill, Lord Randolph, ii. 368, 374

Cid, the, i. 373

Clarendon, Lord, i. 278, 325, ii. 92; pressed to join the Derby Government (1866), ii. 106

Clark, Sir George, ii. 278

Clark, Sir James, M.D.: F. N. visits, at Birk Hall (1852), i. 118, (1856) 321; introduces F. N. to Queen Victoria, i. 324; serves on the Royal Commission (1857), i. 328, 330, 331, 332; joins Council of Nightingale Fund, i. 456 n., 457; consults with F. N. on China Expedition, i. 340; on status of Army doctors, ii. 67, 68; on F. N. as founder of Army Medical School, i. 392; on Notes on Nursing, i. 448; letters to F. N., i. 329, 448; various references, i. 384, 390, 422, ii. 118, 187, 246

Clark, Sir John (son of the foregoing), i. 327

Clark, Le Gros, i. 460

Clark, W., civil engineer, ii. 177, 214, 278, 280, 282

Clarke, Mary. See Mohl

Clarke, Mrs. (matron), i. 130

Clarkson, Thomas, i. 5

Classical Literature, ii. 390

Claydon, F. N. at, ii. 309, 310, 324, 349, 382, 383, 398, 415; portraits of her at, ii. 467, 468, 469; Nightingale nurses at, ii. 268

Cleanthes, i. 490

Clinton, Lord, ii. 152

Clive, Mrs. Archer, i. 66, 67, ii. 89; Paul Ferroll, i. 66, 495, 500

Clough, Arthur Hugh: at Oxford, Jowett's reminiscences, ii. 12; marries F. N.'s cousin, Blanche Smith, i. 30, 128; sees F. N. off to Scutari, i. 162; friendship with F. N. and service to her, i. 348, 380, 469, 477 n., 491, 494, ii. 10, 11, 14; his sympathy, ii. 12, 16; Secretary of Nightingale Fund, i. 457, 494, ii. 11; introduces F. N. to Jowett, i. 471; letter to F. N., i. 494; illness, ii. 10, 11; death, ii. 10; F. N.'s grief, ii. 15, 16; character of, ii. 10, 12; Jowett on, ii. 12, 399; Sir J. McNeill on, ii. 13; poems of, quoted or referred to, i. 468, 481, 484, ii. 355; various references, ii. 63, 151, 194, 216, 223, 388

Clown and pantaloon at a theatre fire, ii. 261

Clyde, Lord, ii. 117

Cobden, Richard, i. 336

Cochrane, Miss Alice, ii. 416

Codrington, General, i. 406

Cohn, F., i. 441

Coleridge, S. T., ii. 213

Colonial Hospitals, ii. 78; Prisons, ii. 60; Schools, ii. 78

Colonization, ii. 165, 166

Coltman, Charlotte, i. 327 n.

Coltman, William, i. 327 n., ii. 237

Coltman, Mrs. William, i. 327 n., ii. 467

Colvin, Sir Auckland, i. xxviii

Combe, Andrew, Management of Infancy, i. 392 n.

Combe, Dr., i. 360 n.

Combe Hurst, i. 30, 342

Commissariat, i. 157, 331, ii. 64, 70

Commissions, Lord Salisbury on, ii. 287

Committees, art of managing, i. 135

Communion, Holy, F. N. and, i. 96, 259, 489, ii. 243, 400

Constantinople: dogs as scavengers, ii. 283; F. N.'s study of hospitals at, i. 417; views on approaching, i. 171

Contagious Diseases Acts, ii. 74, 75, 212, 408

Conviction of sin, i. 49

Co-operative movement, ii. 391

Corfield, Dr., ii. 379

Corfu, i. 90

Correggio, “Reading Magdalen,” i. 91, 92, 117

Cosmogony, the Indian, ii. 282, 332, 405

Cotton, Sir Arthur, ii. 284, 285, 295, 296, 299, 450; his Life, ii. 297 n.

Cousin, Victor, i. 21

Cousins, marriage of, i. 98

Coventry, Hospital, i. 423; weavers, i. 424

Cowper, Mrs. William, ii. 93

Cox, Colonel and Mrs., ii. 202

“Coxcombs,” i. 376, 379

Cranborne, Lord. See Salisbury, Marquis of

Cranbrook, Earl of (Mr. Gathorne Hardy): President of the Poor Law Board (1866), ii. 106; F. N.'s communications with, on London workhouse reform, ii. 115, 134, 135, 137; his Metropolitan Poor Act (1867), ii. 137; F. N.'s communications with, as Secretary for War (1876), ii. 318, 319; as Secretary for India (1878), ii. 289; letters to F. N., ii. 115, 291

Cranworth, Lady, i. 134, 300

Cranworth, Lord Chancellor, i. 266

Craven, Mrs. Dacre. See Lees

Crawford, Dr. T., ii. 338, 407

Creeds, and Works, i. 58, 488

Crewe, Marquis of, speech on Indian sanitation (1913), ii. 145

Crimea, the: flowers in, i. 285, 450; Hospitals in, i. 254; invasion of, i. 145; F. N.'s three visits to, i. 255, 283. See also Nightingale, F. (2)

Crimean veterans, ii. 420, 457, 458

Crimean War: heroism of the soldiers, i. 184, 185, 257, 317; popular resentment at hospital and nursing defects, i. 146; nature and causes of these defects, i. 175, 178, 179, 202, 205, 207, 211, 221, 224 seq., ii. 10, 43; preventable deaths in, i. 314, 316; the true “relics” of, ii. 409. See also Balaclava, Chelsea Board, Nursing, Nightingale, Scutari, etc., etc.