INDEX (continued 3)
Reading edition
Skee. See Skiing
Skiing, K 219–222*, 385 jumping, K 222 ski pole, K 222* skis, K 218–220*
Skins and hides curing, A 511 removing, A 510 tanning, A 511–512 solution, A 507
Skirts. See Dressmaking
Skittles lawn skittles, K 368–370
Skunk nests and habits, A 485 pelts, value, A 484, 487 tame, A 270 trapping, A 484–486
Sled bobsled, K 223* toy, working drawing, C 40, 42*
Sledge blacksmith's tool, M 226
Sleep and sleeping advantages of outdoor sleeping, A 6–9 preparation for outdoor sleeping, A 9, 52*
Sleeves. See Dressmaking
Slippers crocheting, N 324–329*
Slippery elm, C 559
Slugs exterminating, G 118 garden pests, G 285 rose slugs, G 284, 293
Small fruits. See Berries
Smartweed class and seed time, G 278
Smilax, Southern, A 55
Smith Premier typewriter, B 409–411*
Smocking honeycomb pattern, N 112–114 stitch, N 114*
Smoking dangers of, K 13–14
Smoking set copper work, M 79–86*
Snake taming, A 266 venomous, K 149
Snake's head, G 349, 365
Snapdragon, G 277
Snares. See Traps
Snarling iron definition of, M 210
Snow crystals, forms and colors, B 366–368* formation, B 366 line, B 368, 369 measuring snowfall, B 367 perpetual snow, B 368 shoveling, A 431–432 uses of, B 367 weight, B 367
Snow shoeing skis and skiing, K 217–222* snow shoes, K 216–217*
Snowballs Japanese, G 37
Snowdrop planting and blooming time, G 177
Soap for laundry, H 319
Soccer. See Foot ball
Socket wrench. See Wrench
Sockets making an open wire rope socket, M 281–283*
Soda combined with cream of tartar, H 301 some uses of, H 356 sour milk and, H 357
Sofa cushion. See Pillow
Softening metal. See Annealing
Soils acid, improving, G 30, 115, 222 adapting crops, G 17–23 clay absorption of water, G 218 characteristics, G 8 formation, G 214–215 improving, G 9, 104, 218–219, 224 lime for acid soil, G 30 elements, G 8 formation of, G 213 humus, G 8 improving poor soil, G 9, 103–105, 218–219, 224 impure air in, H 208 inoculation, purpose and method, G 119, 122 lime absorption of water, G 218 formation, G 215–216 humus for, G 225 improving, G 218 testing for, G 216 loam, meaning of, G 220 preparing for grass seed, G 74–76 physical and chemical needs, G 9 sand absorption of water and heat, G 217 characteristics, G 8 formation of, G 214 improving, G 9, 218 nitrogen needed, G 224 subsoil, G 220 testing, G 28–31 top-soil, G 220 See also Drainage; Flower gardening; Plant food; also names of plants
Soldering brass vase, M 144 copper handles, M 78–79 electric iron for, E 116* hard soldering, materials and directions, M 41–42 heat and tools for, M 11–12* iron, making, M 45–46* metals, M 41–46* outfit, B 252, M 11–12* preparations, B 252 process, B 253 soft soldering materials and tools, M 43 process, M 40, 43–45 tinker's dam, B 253 unsoldering, M 205
Solomon's seal, false habits and characteristics, G 345
Song birds. See Birds
Sorrel class and seed time, G 278
Sound production of, E 281 variation with speed, E 292 velocity, B 249–251, E 311 in dry air, water and metals, B 250 independent of pitch, E 316 vibrations of metal disks, E 294–295 waves, E 310 length, B 251, E 315
Soups beef stock, what to buy, H 268 boiling meat for stock, H 278 to keep from curdling, H 356
Soutache braid for braiding, N 107
Spading how to spade, G 88, 265
Spanish fly (Game), K 385
Sparrow bird enemy, K 174 book about, A 519 migration of song sparrow, K 175
Specific gravity meaning and application, B 279–280
Speed indicator mechanism and use, E 231*
Spice bush characteristics, G 355
Spiders food for young wasps, A 391 nature study, K 145
Spiked loosestrife characteristics, G 365
Spinach cleaning, H 294 food value, H 255 germination per cent. of seed, G 233 time to plant, G 234
Spindle copper work, M 124–126*
Spinning. See Silkworm
Spirea characteristics, G 356 hedge shrub, G 357 Van Houtte's, a good variety, G 37, 38
Spirit level, C 205*
Splice or scarf joints, C 257*
Spoons mustard spoon, silver work, M 182* nut set spoon, copper work, M 39–40* salt spoon, silver work, M 183 tea spoon, silver work, M 178–180*
Sports girls' outdoor sports, K 318–325 winter sports, K 208–224* See also Archery; Base ball; Camping; Canoeing; Coasting; Cricket; Curling; Fishing; Foot ball; Games; Golf; Horsemanship; Hunting; Racing; Rowing; Shooting; Skate sailing; Skating; Skiing; Swimming; Track athletics; Trapping; Walking
Spots. See Cleaning
Spring beauty habits and characteristics, G 340 transplanting, G 340
Springs (Machinery) air spring, B 331* bearing springs, B 265–266 car springs, B 265* cross bow, making, B 266* draw spring, B 265* tempering steel, M 295 uses, B 264
Springs (Water) preparing for trout culture, A 273–274 reclaiming springs, A 274–277 story of how one spring was reclaimed, A 280–282
Sprocket wheel, B 327*
Spruce gum gathering, A 80–83 making, A 82 marketing, A 82 uses, A 81 white spruce, A 81
Spruce tree seed year, A 47 variety and characteristics, C 537–538
Squabs book about, A 517 care of, A 216 homers as breeders, A 194–195 killing and dressing, A 196 marketing and profit, A 195 raising, A 193–197 record keeping, A 216 where to get information about, A 194 See also Pigeons
Square, steel carpenter's tool, C 205* metal worker's tool, M 5*
Squash food value, H 255 insect pests, G 287, 291, 292 planting seed, G 312 depth to plant, G 236 time to plant, G 234 seed age for planting, G 34 germination per cent., G 233
Squash (Game), K 386
Squirrels as pets, K 184 bad habits of the red squirrel, A 267 bait for, A 508 flying squirrels as pets, K 185 taming, A 266–267
Stabbler, Sydney S. My experience with honey bees, A 328–331
Stains and staining alcohol stains, value of, D 227 applying stains, D 228–229 asphaltum, D 229 black walnut imitation, D 230 brown stain, C 223 chemical composition and use, C 483 preparing, C 488 Flemish oak, D 231 forest green oak, D 232 fumed oak and chestnut, process, D 233–234 golden oak finish, D 229 gray oak, D 232 mahogany imitation, D 230, 231, C 489 mission oak, D 231 natural colors versus imitation, C 482 object of staining, D 226 oil stain composition and use, C 483 merits of, C 487, D 227 perfect stain, D 227 preparation of surface, C 483 water stain advantages of, C 487, D 227 composition and use, C 483 weathered oak, D 233
Stake pin making, M 233–235*
Stand pipe principle of, H 215
Staples designing and making, M 235–236*
Star of Bethlehem planting and blooming time, G 177
Starch boiled starch, making, H 320 cold starch, making, H 319 protecting, H 319 starching clothes, H 323 sticking to irons, to prevent, H 335
Stars effect of aerial tides, E 229 telling points of the compass by, K 109 time required for light to travel from, E 312
Starting box (Electric), E 48 operation of, E 81–83*
Steam condensation, B 125 dry steam, B 125 expansion principle, B 127 generation of, B 115–116 heat units, B 126–127 wet steam, B 126
Steam engines Calipyle, B 114–115 cylinder and piston, B 117–118* disk engine, B 334* governors, B 313–316*, 329 gyroscope, B 335 heating principle, B 121 hero engine, B 114* history of, B 114–115, 272 horsepower, estimating, B 122–124 noise from exhaust, reason, B 113, 120 power generation and distribution, B 117–120 principle of, B 115–117 rotary, B 340* safety valve, B 116 slide valve, B 118–120* toe and lifter for valves, B 329* waste in power, E 6
Steam radiators as distributors of heat, E 314
Steam turbine, B 128
Steam whistles why steam is seen before whistles are heard, B 249
Steamboats development of, B 271 See also Screw propeller; Steam turbine
Steel annealing, M 307–309 Bessemer steel manufacture and use of, M 267 brazing, M 313 carbon steel, M 289, 308 case hardening, M 308–310 crucible cast steel, making, M 297 cutting tool steel, M 299 grades, M 296 hardening forged fires for, M 290 lathe tools, M 301 solutions, M 291–292 hook, making, M 266–271* invention of, B 271 lanterns, making, M 405–406* manufacturing, M 267 oxidation, prevention of, M 291 sockets, forging, M 281–283* soft, M 264–288* weldless ring, making, M 265* working heat, M 264 stretching processes, M 315 tempering, M 292–296 color scheme, M 293–295 grade of steel required, M 296 lathe tools, M 301 side tool, M 304 testing for carbon, M 289 for hardness, M 292 tool making, M 322–326 tool steel, M 289 welding, M 296 wrenches, forging, M 273–283* wrought iron versus, M 266 See also Knives; Tool making
Stenciling, N 73–82* brushes for, N 79–80* color schemes, D 114 corner designs for borders, D 111–112 cutting the stencil, D 113, N 76 designs, making, D 108–113* repeating unit, D 110* transferring, D 113 materials and tools, N 81, D 108 outline drawing, D 112 paints for mixing colors, N 81–82 testing, D 114–115 patterns, making from paper, N 76–79* pillows, N 77*, 378 pinning the stencil, D 114 process, D 115–116, N 79 repeating and joining units, D 110* reversing the pattern, N 80 stencil bands, size and purpose, D 109–110* use in home decoration, N 76, 377 washable, N 80 water colors for, N 81
Stereopticon lamp, E 154*
Stewing, H 280
Stickseed class and seed times, G 278
Still Pon no moving, K 337
Stings care of, H 364
Stitches. See Crocheting; Embroidery; Knitting; Lace making; Sewing
Stock sowing and blossoming time, G 161 ten-weeks, characteristics, G 330
Stock breeding. See Breeding
Stockings darning, N 9–11*
Stone wall for lawn, G 73
Stones. See Boulders; Precious stones
Stools. See Foot stools
Storage battery. See Electric batteries
Store room in cellar, H 211
Stories Brother Juniper's cooking, H 25 Fire of coals, H 37 Irish stew, H 14 King Alfred and the cakes, H 16 King's kitchen, H 20 Loaves and fishes, H 32 The luncheon, H 32 Roast pig, H 18 Widow's cruse of oil, H 29
Storing. See Packing
Stove pipe riveting, M 74
Stoves draughts and dampers, H 227–230 laundry, H 315 See also Fire making; Gas range; Ovens
Strawberries care of first-year plants, G 92 experimenting with varieties, G 92–93 food value, H 255 growing, G 88–96 hill culture versus matted row, G 94 planting rules, G 93–94 soil and location, G 88 staking the bed, G 91* wood ashes for fertilizer, G 94
Street cars. See Electric cars
Strength of materials nails, B 46–17 ropes, hemp and wire, B 47–48 timbers, estimating, B 45 woods, C 495–497*
String beans cooking preparations, H 295 food value, H 255 planting, G 297
Striped beetle remedy for, G 285
Stump master (Game), K 387
Submarine cables. See Cables, Submarine
Suckers (Game), K 387
Sugar food value, H 254
Sugar bush. See Maple sugar
Sugar-scoop making a wooden scoop, C 272*
Sugar-tongs silver work, M 180–183*
Sumach Christmas green, A 56
Summer cottage. See Cottages
Summer house building, C 411–424* location, G 363 making a double seat for, C 421–424
Sun cooking processes, H 274 distance from earth, B 230 time required for light to travel from, E 312 See also Tides
Sundial making, B 209–210*, G 64–66* setting up, G 160–162 sun time versus clock time, G 161
Sunflower double, characteristics, G 334 food for squirrels, G 20 late, characteristics, G 334, 365 planting seed, G 106 sowing and blossoming time, G 161
Swages blacksmith tools, M 225*
Swallows migration, K 176
Swans varieties, K 181
Swastika inlaying design on wood, C 322, 323*
Swedish drawn work. See Hardanger embroidery
Sweeping carpets and rugs, H 129
Sweet alyssum characteristics, G 329, 330 planting seeds, G 157, 322
Sweet clover and sweet fern leaves for sachet, A 65
Sweet flag characteristics, G 366
Sweet grass basket making, A 64
Sweet lavender, G 327
Sweet pea characteristics, G 329, 330
Sweet potato food value, H 255
Sweet sultan characteristics, G 330
Sweet William biennial, G 322 characteristics, G 335, 365
Swimming accidents, K 239 artificial supports, K 239 breast stroke, K 235 dangers, avoiding, K 234 diving, K 238* dog stroke, K 234 fancy stroke, K 238 girls as swimmers, K 320 learning how, K 234–237 on the back, K 238 overhand or overarm strokes, K 237 pool, artificial cost, A 285 in back yard, A 282–286 keeping water fresh, A 286 pool, book about, A 518 pool, natural damming of stream, A 278–279 strokes, K 234–235, 237–238 value as exercise, K 234
Swine, A 126–132 book about, A 517 brood sow care of, A 130–131 selecting, A 129 cleanliness, A 129 fattening, A 131 feeding young pigs, A 131 pen, building, A 127 profit in raising, A 129
Sycamore characteristics, C 562
Sycamore maple. See Maple
Symbols. See Signals
Syrup. See Molasses; Maple sugar and syrup
T
Table linen care of, H 163 ironing, H 327 marking, N 157
Table runner block printing, D 102–106 designs, D 99–101 materials, D 98 weaving, D 273–276
Tables checkerboard table, making, C 337* dining table design, D 54* drawing table, making, C 391–394 fastening table tops to prevent warping, D 135* kitchen, H 194 library table design, D 51* heavy, design and construction, D 174–176* light, design and construction, D 170–174* mission style, making, C 360–367* wood finish, D 237 picnic tables, making, B 132–134 polished, care of, H 161 round centre table design and construction, D 180–184* wood finish, D 237 tea table, mission style, making, C 367–372* See also Setting the table
Tabourette, C 301–312*, G 53–55 circular top, making, C 302–304* estimating lumber for, C 506 hexagonal top, C 305–308* mission style, making, C 308–310* Moorish design, C 310–312* octagonal top, making, C 304* working drawings, C 303, 307*
Tag (Game), K 345 last tag, K 370 warning, K 391 wood tag, K 394
Tamarack. See Larch
Tanager migration, K 176
Tanning skins, A 507, 510–512
Tantalum lamp metal filament, E 145
Tapes sewing on, N 23*
Tapestry weaving, N 303–304
Tapioca food value, H 254
Tarnish on brass preventing, M 140
Tarpon catching, K 126
Tea camp cooking, K 87
Tea caddy brass work, M 136–140*
Tea kettle iron work stand for, making, M 406–409*
Tea pot stand copper, D 351–353*
Tea pots care of, H 207
Tea spoons. See Spoons
Tea stains, H 359
Teeter-tauter principle of, B 26
Telegraph invention and development, E 59–61 key, E 63* Morse code reading, E 63 poles, use of glass knobs, E 64 relay, E 67–68* signals, how produced, E 61–63* sounders, operation of, E 63 wires, insulation, E 64 See also Cables; Submarine; Wireless telegraph
Telephone, E 274–295 automatic registering device, E 276 bells magnets for ringing, E 287–290 operation of, E 289 burning out of the coil, E 291 central battery system, E 276 current in telephone circuit, E 287 double metallic circuit, first used, E 275 electric spark coil, E 279–281 history of, E 274–276 lightning arrester, E 292* music transmitted by, E 295 pole, equipment, E 290 receiver as switch and circuit, E 290 construction and action, E 276–278* operating by induced current, E 351–352 principle of, E 93–95* vibrator, E 278–282 resistance in the circuit, E 285–287 simple telephone system, E 283–285* sounds, how produced, E 22, 277–282 transmitter, construction, E 282–284 vibrations of disks, E 295 volume of business in 1907, E 274 wires installation, E 290 use of ground wire, E 292
Telescope water telescope, K 159
Telharmonium, E 293–295
Temperature. See Thermometers
Tempering hand hammers, M 317, 321 knives, M 356 lathe tools, M 301, 304 steel, M 292–296
Teneriffe lace, N 238*
Tennis, K 284–296* court tennis, K 341 girl's sports, K 322 hand tennis, K 356 "love", K 294 playing the game, K 293–296 racket how to hold, K 295* selecting, K 285 scoring, K 294 stroke, K 295 tether tennis, K 388
Tennis court accessories, making, C 406–422* back stop, making, C 403–405* dimensions and directions, C 399, K 286–287* drainage, K 288 grass versus clay, K 285, 287 laying out, C 399–402* making and caring for, A 428–431 marker, home made, A 430 marking, K 290–293* net, putting up, C 403 post for net, placing and preserving, C 402 surfacing and leveling, K 289
Tents "A" tent, K 60* brush lean-to, K 69* Indian tepee, K 63* lean-to, K 59, 69* trapper's tent, K 62* wall tent, K 58*
Tetanus cause of, B 248
Tether ball, K 388
Tether tennis, K 388
Thermometers centigrade scale, B 262 changing one scale into another, B 262–263 Fahrenheit scale, B 262 history and purpose, B 261 scales in use, B 261–263 theory of, B 261
Thermostat, Electric, E 124
Thimble how to use, N 4*
Thimbleberry description of, A 10 jam, receipt, A 11 picking, A 11
Thistle Canada, class and seed time, G 278 Russian, class and seed time, G 278
Thorn apple, A 23
Thrasher, brown insect destroyer, A 456 migration, K 175
Thrush migration, K 176
Thunder weather symbol for thunder storm, B 362 why thunder is heard last, B 249
Tides, B 212–236 aerial, B 228 cause of, B 217–220 ebb and flow, B 218 elevations, changes in, B 226–227 height, B 229 lakes, B 228 lunar, B 217–227 moon's distance from the meridian, effect of, B 225–227 neap tides, B 223 open seas, B 227 rivers and channels, B 227 Sir Isaac Newton's theory, B 217–218 solar, B 222–223, 225 spring tides, B 223–225 theory of, B 220–226* time, changes in, B 218–220
Tidiness meaning of, H 51
Ties Irish crochet, N 338–344*
Tile drains. See Drainage
Tiles cleaning, H 136 decoration of, D 317 fireplace tiles, D 318–320 for kitchen floors, H 191 making, D 315–320* tea tiles, D 318* uses, D 315 See also Drainage
Timber. See Building; Lumber; Strength of materials; Trees; Wood
Time day and night, cause of, B 213 division of, B 214
Tin kitchen utensils, H 202 See also Soldering
Tinker's dam, B 253
Tip cat drawing and making, C 35–37
Titmouse insect destroyer, A 456
Toad book about, A 517 enemy to cut worm, K 168 garden pest destroyer, G 280, A 265 taming, A 266
Toasters, Electric, E 115
Tobacco jar copper work, M 82–85*
Tobogganing, K 223
Toilet boxes. See Box making
Toilet closets. See Closets, toilet
Toilet fixtures care of, H 148, 155, 156
Tomato dwarf champion, G 314 food value, H 255 indoor planting time, G 233 insect pests, G 286, 292 peeling tomatoes, H 294 planting seed depth and distance to plant, G 42 quantity to plant, G 36 time to plant, G 234 removing ink stains with, H 359 seed age for planting, G 34 germination per cent., G 233 germination period, G 32 staking the vines, G 119 starting and transplanting, G 118–119 vines, overgrowth of, G 313
Tommy Tiddler's Land (Game), K 345
Tongs blacksmith's tools, M 226*, 228 fire tools, making, M 374–377* iron tongs, making, M 285–288*
Tongue and groove joints, C 257*
Tongue grafting. See Grafting
Tool boxes and chests, C 226–227*, 339–341* old-fashioned chest, C 341–344* suit case design, C 345–346*
Tool making, M 296–306* boring tool, M 304* cape chisel, M 299* centre punch, M 297* cold chisel, M 298*, 325 crowbars, M 352* cutting off tool, M 305* diamond point, M 301* dividers, M 340–341* drills, M 347–349* eccentric strap, M 334* fire screen, M 11* fire tools, M 370–379* hammers, M 7*, 316–324* hardening, M 289–292 hardie, M 322* hoe, M 328–330* hot chisel, M 324* lathe tools, M 300–306 nail puller or claw tool, M 353* pitch fork, M 239* rock drills, M 334–349* round nose, M 300 set hammer, M 323* shovel, M 372–374* side point, M 303 steel for, M 289 stone chisel, M 341–344* stone pick, M 344* tempering steel for, M 292–296 tongs, iron, M 286–288 wood chisel, M 337–338 wrenches, steel, M 273–281 See also Forging; Steel; Welding
Tooled leather. See Leather work
Tools anvil stake, M 10* beck iron, M 208 burners, M 11–12* calipers, M 255 chisels, M 9, 157*, 225* dividers, M 5* using, M 24* draw plate, M 100*, 102, 209 drills, M 9* enameling tools, M 197 face plate, M 209 files, M 9* fullers, M 224* gouges, M 225 graver, M 209 hack saw, C 175 hammer, M 7* hand hammer, M 224* peen, M 254* set hammer, M 225* hardie, M 226*, 274* jewelers' snips, M 5* leather work tools, D 323–324*, N 91*, 96* mallet, wooden, M 8* mandrel, M 209 matt tool, M 210 pin, M 210 pitch block, M 210 planishing hammer, using, M 22* pliers, M 6* pottery modeling tools, D 285–287 principle of the inclined plane applied to, B 59 punch, M 7*, 297* ring mandrel, M 154* riveting tool, M 10* sand bag, M 210 saw frame, M 9* scraper, M 210 screw principle, B 156 shaping tools, M 10* shears, M 5* shovel, M 226*, 229 sledge, M 225 snarling iron, M 210 soldering outfit, M 11–12* square, steel, M 5*, C 205* stake and riveting tool, M 11 swages, M 225* tracer, M 211 tongs, M 226*, 228 vise, M 6*, 21*, 22* wedge, principle of, B 59–61* wooden block, M 6*, 19* using, M 28* See also Carpentry and Woodwork—Tools and appliances; Chisels; Drilling and boring tools; Gardening—Tools; Hammers; Tool boxes; Tool making; Wedge; Wrenches
Topping plants, G 199, 250–251
Tops plug in the ring, K 376
Towel rack making a wooden rack, C 274*
Towel roller making a wooden roller, C 267–269*
Towels marking, N 157
Toy making, C 40–49 aeroplanes, C 68–83* boat in a storm, C 52–56* designing moving toys, C 58–60* dog house, C 42* electric engine, E 58* electric spinner, E 57* electric train operated by wireless outfit, E 325–327* fencers, C 46–48* happy Jack windmill, C 159* Indian paddlers, C 44–46* moving toys, C 58–95 cautions, C 61 method of procedure, C 58–60* racing automobile, C 62–66* sawyers, C 50–52* turkey and executioner, C 56–57* wooden boxes, C 40* See also Kites
Toys giving away, H 10 inventions and discoveries, H 11
Tracer metal worker's tool, M 211
Track athletics all round championship, K 328 best college record, K 336 intercollegiate contest events, K 360 Olympic games, events, K 372 one hundred yard dash, best record, K 329 scoring in all round championship, K 328
Trained animals. See Animals
Transferring embroidery patterns, N 128–129 stencil designs, D 113
Transplanting. See Vegetable gardening; also names of plants, e. g., Beets; Lettuce, etc.
Trapping, A 478–510 baiting traps, A 509 carrot bait, A 508* for muskrats, A 505 books about, A 519 box traps, A 479*, C 454* deadfall trap, A 486, 509, C 454* gophers, A 455* land animals, A 493 mink, A 483–484 moles, A 489–491 muskrats, A 491–493, 505 profit and recreation in, A 501 rabbits, A 497–501 rats, A 495–497 river trapping, A 504 rules of the game, A 479–483 skunks, A 484–488 snares, C 455* with carrot bait, A 508* steel jaw traps, setting, A 504 steel traps, cruelty of, A 502 stop-thief traps, A 505–506* traps, humane and inhuman, A 502 swamp trapping, A 503 water animals, A 502 weasel, A 494–495 woodchucks, A 488
Traps (Plumbing) construction and purpose, H 217, 218 defective, reason and remedy, H 218 location, H 217, 219
Trash disposal of, H 220
Trays gouge work, C 258–265* See also Copper work
Tread-mill training dogs to run, A 255–256 mechanism, B 337*
Trees age, how to tell, C 525 broad leaved, C 532–533, 543–555 compound leaves, C 543* doubly compound, C 543* maple, C 544–548 oak, C 548–555 simple leaves, C 543* cambium layer, A 441 classification and characteristics, C 532–566 coniferous trees, names and characteristics, C 535–542 cutting down, art of, K 98–99* danger of roots to cement walks, B 15 growth process, C 525 heart wood versus sap wood, C 526 identifying, A 48, 71 planting directions, G 80–82 playhouse in a tree, H 3 products of, C 511 qualities of different varieties, K 101 rings, meaning, C 525 selecting and planting, G 78–82 seeds for propagation gathering, A 46–50 ripening and drying, A 48 treatment, where to get information, A 49 table describing, G 367 See also Forestry; Fruit trees; Grafting; Landscape gardening; Lumber and lumbering; Nuts; Pruning; Wood; also names of trees, e. g., Maple; Oak; Pine, etc.
Trellises, D 209–211*
Trench. See Cement walk; Drainage; Gardening
Trestle. See Saw horse
Triangles (Tools) making, C 386–388*
Trick joints, C 257*
Trilliums habits and characteristics, G 344
Trimmings. See Crocheting
Triplane, B 180
Trolling, K 139*
Trophy stick, notched, C 11*
Trout bait, K 134, 135 culture from eggs, A 273 feeding, A 272 reclaiming the trout stream, A 271–272
Trout lily, G 342
Truck garden. See Vegetable gardening
Trumpet vine decorative value, G 359
T-square, C 24* making, C 384–386* to prevent warping, C 394
Tub racing, K 390
Tubs. See Bathtubs; Laundry
Tucking, N 36*
Tulip cone developer, G 175 planting bulbs indoors, G 166 red, planting and blooming time, G 179 tree, characteristics, C 561 varieties, G 168 white, planting and blooming time, G 177 yellow, planting and blooming time, G 178
Tungsten lamp cost of, E 141*, 144 metal filaments, E 145
Turbines Fourneyron, B 342* Jonval, B 341* steam, B 128 water, B 145
Turkey book about, A 519 breeds, A 185 enemies, lice and wet, A 184 feeding young turkeys, A 183, 184 food value, H 253 habits of turkey hen, A 183 hatching, time required, A 183 laying and sitting habits, A 183 raising, A 182–185 selection of, for cooking, H 271
Turn spit dog, B 337
Turnip food value, H 255 planting seed depth and distance to plant, G 42 quantity to plant, G 36 time to plant, G 234 seed age for planting, G 34 germination per cent., G 33, 233 germination period, G 32 soil, G 314
Turnip-root cabbage planting, G 300
Turpentine moth exterminator, H 347 paint stain remover, H 359
Turtle head characteristics, G 365 where found, G 349
Turtles taming, A 266
Typewriter alignment, B 420 "blind" writer, B 406 carbon copying device, B 418 card indexing device, B 415 carriage, B 403, 404 interchangeable, B 415*, 416 mechanism of, B 421 disconnecting parts, B 413 double shift, B 406 duplicators, B 416–418 essential features, B 419–422 invention of, B 402 keyboard, B 403, 406, 412, 419 universal, B 412 kinds, B 402 line-spacing mechanism, B 405, 421 noiseless operation, B 422 Oliver, mechanical principle, B 412–413* paper feed, B 404 platen essentials, B 421 interchangeable, B 415 Remington description of parts and their uses, B 403–407* improvements, B 407–409 ribbon movement, B 422 ribbons, two and three colors, B 409, 411, 414 scales, B 406 semi-visible writers, B 407 single shift, B 406 Smith-Premier, B 409–411*, 414 spacing bar, B 405 tabulator, B 413–414 type cleaning, B 421 cleaning device, B 410 mechanism, B 403, 404, 409, 412, 420 visible writers, B 407 work done by, B 402
U
U-tube, theory of, H 215–216
Umbrella handles woods and roots for, A 59–61
Umbrella stand design and construction, D 161–165* iron work, M 409 mission design, C 375* wood finish, D 236
Unleavened bread nutriment, H 300
Upsetting. See Forging
Upstairs work, H 146–159
Utensils. See Kitchen utensils
V
Vacuum cleaner electric, E 243* home made, B 378–386* plunger pump, making, B 379–381* power driven, home made, B 381–386* principle of, E 53 using, B 386 water motor, B 381*
Valerian characteristics, G 333
Vane. See Weather vane
Varnish and varnishing drying, time required, D 221–222 dull finish, D 224 flat finish, D 224 grades of varnish, C 486 method of using, B 112, C 486 number of coats needed, D 222 quality of varnish, recognizing, D 220 rubbing down process, D 223 "sag" and how corrected, D 220–221
Vase brass work, M 140–145* concrete garden vase, making, D 203–209* pottery, making, D 307–310* typical flower holders, D 87–89*
Veal as chicken, H 358 cuts and their uses, H 269 food value: table, H 253
Vegetable gardening, G 296–315 combinations for late planting, G 116 indoor and outdoor planting time, G 233–235 intermingling from close planting, G 105 money making garden, G 368–374 planting tables age for planting, G 34 depth and distance, G 42 germination per cent., G 233 germination time, G 32 quantity to plant, G 36 seeds, selling, G 371–372 selling young plants, G 370–371 transplanting, G 268–270 from the coldframe, G 101–102 strawberry boxes for, G 118 See also Coldframe; Drainage; Fertilizers and manures; Gardening; Herbs; Hotbed; Insect pests; Plant food; Plants; Soils; also names of vegetables, e.g., Beans; Cabbage; Carrot, etc.
Vegetables boiling, H 279 burning, treatment, H 356 camp cooking, K 89, 90 cleaning, H 293 cooking, H 356 preparation for, H 293–295 with left overs, H 355 dandelion greens, A 63 exhibits, preparation for, G 202 food value, H 250, 255 husking, H 294 peeling, H 294 pokeweed roots, cooking, A 58 preparation for selling, G 369 scraping, H 294 seasoning, H 279 selection of, for cooking, H 271 shelling, H 294 soaking, H 295 stewing, H 280 See also names of vegetables; e. g., Cauliflower; Parsnip; Pumpkin; etc.
Verbena characteristics, G 332 planting, G 84
Village improvement books about, A 518 what boys and girls can do, A 469–472
Vinegar cider vinegar book about, A 518 making, A 412–417 "mother," meaning, A 415
Vinegar cruet washing, H 183
Vines annuals, G 359 climbers, G 359 for covering fences and buildings, G 138 scarlet runner bean, G 297 training, G 139 use in landscape gardening, G 359
Violet California, characteristics, G 333 habits and characteristics, G 346, 364 insect pests, G 293 Russian, characteristics, G 333 tufted, characteristics, G 334 where to plant, G 346 wild varieties, G 346
Vireos insect destroyers, A 456 migration, K 176
Virginia creeper decorative value, G 359
Vise bench vise, M 6*, 21*, 22* quick action, C 138
Voisin's biplane, B 173–175*
Volley ball, K 390
Volta, Alessandro, E 90 perfected method for producing electricity by chemical action, E 248
Voltmeter for direct and alternating currents, E 93 measuring electric pressure, E 39–42 multipliers, E 92 principle and operation, E 84–93* W Waists. See Dressmaking Waiting on table. See Meals—Serving Waitress dress, H 173 duties, H 169–172 Wake robin, G 344 Walking healthfulness of, K 14–17 Walking stick carved by the engraver beetle, A 60 orange wood, A 59 roots for handles, A 60 shaping, A 61 Walks. See Cement walk; Garden paths Wall brackets. See Brackets Wall cabinet. See Medicine cabinet Wall flower characteristics, G 332 Wall paper. See Walls Wall rack. See Book rack Wallachian embroidery drawing scallops, N 135 meaning of, N 134 stitch, N 134* Walls care of, H 122 cleaning appliances, H 142 cleaning wall paper, H 123 decoration of, D 36, 39–41, N 76 dry cleaning, H 332 how to drive nails into plaster walls, C 246 kitchen, H 189 paneled walls, cleaning, H 122 See also Embankments; Paper hanging Walnut black characteristics of tree, C 563 imitation stain, C 489, D 230 device for husking, A 36 drying and storing nuts, A 35 food value of nuts, H 256 receipt for pickled walnuts, A 36–37 white, characteristics of tree, C 564 Wandering Jew window box plants, G 193 Warbler insect destroyer, A 456 Wardrobe. See Closets, Clothes Warning (Game), K 391 Warp. See Weaving Wash board and wash boiler care of, H 313 Washing. See Laundry work Washing dishes. See Dish washing Washington (Game), K 392 Washington thorn, A 23 Washstands cleaning, H 148 used as playhouse, H 8 Wasps development from the egg, A 393–395 feeding grub, A 391 habits, A 390–391 Waste classification, H 220 disposal of in country, H 222 in cities, H 220–222 Waste pipes care of, H 156 construction principle, H 216–217 disinfection in cleaning, H 218 misuse of, H 220 Waste water disposal of, H 216 in country, H 222 Watch fob copper and enamel, D 353–355* silver or copper work, M 187–190* Watches balance and spring, B 374 Geneva stop, B 319* magnetized, B 373–375 mechanism, B 80, 374 non-magnetic, B 375 regulators, B 330–331*, 374 testing for magnetism, B 375 Watchman's time detector, E 78* Water boiling point, H 277 cold water as a preserver, H 357 substitute for milk, H 357 Water and bog plants table, G 366 Water bugs, H 362 Water bulbs. See Bulbs Water closets. See Closets, Toilet Water fowl, K 181 Water garden, G 362 Water glass egg preservative, A 177 Water life, K 158–167 collector's net, K 158* telescope for observing, K 159 Water lilies table, G 366 Water meter vibrating trough, B 343* Water mint characteristics, G 366 Water motor. See Water wheels Water pipes. See Plumbing; Waste pipes Water polo, K 392 Water power estimating, E 220 from a continuous fall of water, B 341* reclaiming a spring, A 281–282 See also Water supply; Water wheels Water race, K 393 Water seal construction and purpose, H 217 Water supply importance of source, H 213 principle of the tower, H 215 spring water, A 276 summer camp devices, E 160–162 theory of U-tube in waterworks, H 214–215 Water tank. See also Pumps; Water wheels; Wells electric warning for empty tank, E 302* Water tax economizing bills, H 236
Water wheels ancient, B 344* Archimedian screw principle, B 344* barker or reaction, B 343* breast wheel, B 341* governors, B 314–315* overshot, B 341*, 342 undershot, B 341* vacuum cleaner motor, B 381 volate, B 342* See also Turbines
Water works. See Water supply
Watermelon food value, H 255 germination per cent., G 233 planting, G 308
Watt, James inventor, E 40
Watt unit of power, B 125 See also Kilowatt
Wattmeter, E 35–42 illustration of motor principle, E 36 measuring watt hours, E 40–41 registering amount of electricity used, E 37–38
Wax bayberry dips, A 20–21 grafting, G 256 making beeswax, A 323 wood finish, C 490, D 225–226 See also Floors
Wax beans, G 297
Wax myrtle, A 18–19
Waxwings insect destroyers, A 457
Weasel colors of fur, A 495 habits, A 494
Weather records, how made, B 362–363 symbols, B 361–362 See also Barometer; Rain; Thermometer; Weather vane; Wind
Weather boarding. See House framing
Weather vane making, C 154–168* Zeppelin airship weather vane, making, C 165*
Weathered oak finish, D 233
Weathering meaning, B 41
Weaving, D 244–279, N 296–305 bordered table scarf, D 273–276 color effects, N 304–305 curtains and draperies, D 262–265 dowel, N 297 dyeing, materials for, D 276–279 French as weavers, N 303 hand loom bridge, N 299 description of treadle loom, D 247–249* home-made, without treadle, N 296–297 primitive loom, D 245 setting, D 249–251, N 297–300 shuttle and bobbin, D 246* shuttle for woof cloth, D 254 simple cardboard loom, N 8 materials to use, N 301 pattern weaving, D 265–273 drawing in the pattern, D 267–270* hit-and-miss pattern, N 302 operation of the harnesses, D 270–272 pick, D 271* variations in patterns, D 272, 275 portieres and couch covers, D 260–262 process, D 249–252, N 300–301 beating up the woof, D 252, N 300 drawing in the warp, D 251, N 300 pairing threads, N 298 preparing the warp, D 249, N 297 warping the loom, D 250, N 298 rattan mats, N 247*, 249 rugs, D 252–260, N 297–303 harmonizing effects, N 304 tapestry designs, N 303 warp and woof, D 246, N 8–9* warping hook, D 251* See also Braiding
Wedge cutting tool, C 169 principle of, B 59–61* rule for power, B 64
Weeds, G 271–280 annuals, destroying, G 275 biennials, destroying, G 276 book about, A 519 definition of, A 469 destroying and preventing, A 469–472, G 275–279 distribution of seeds, G 273 foreign, G 279 good points, G 272 medicinal, A 57–58, G 272 book about, A 516 perennials, destroying, G 276–277 propagation seeds, G 274 trailing branches, G 275 table of, G 278 test of acid soil, G 29
Weevils chestnut weevil, A 33
Weigela characteristics, G 356
Weight principle of lifting, B 23–28*
Weights and measures English versus metric system: tables, C 500, 502 tables, H 311 units of measurement, C 499, 502 See also Electric measurements
Welding, M 247–263* built-up work, M 247 butt welds, M 257* definition of, M 247, 315 chains, M 250–253* cleft weld, M 258* corner plate, M 261* electric, E 158–159 flat welds, M 254–257* flat welds and T-welds, M 261–263* horse shoes, M 221 iron oxidation, preventing, M 247 iron ring, M 248–250*, 254* iron tongs, M 287–288* jump weld, M 259–261* kinds, M 254 lap weld, M 258* scarfing, M 254–256*, 258* a wrench, M 275* socket wrenches, M 277–281* T weld, M 262–263* temperature of fire, M 234–235 tool steel to wrought iron, M 352 turn buckles, M 330* upsetting, M 260*
Wells location and care, H 214 See also Pumps
Western Union Telegraph Company equipment and amount of business, E 60
Whale oil soap spray for insects, G 289, 290
Wheat depth to plant seeds, G 235
Wheel and axle principle of, B 27, 78–82* rule for power, B 64
Wheel-barrow leverage principle, B 27 making, B 375–378*
Wheels mechanical movements, B 318–325* See also Screw propeller; Turbines; Water wheels
Whip grafting. See Grafting
Whisk broom raffia, N 275*
White pine. See Pine
White rabbit. See Rabbit
Whitewash preparing surface walls, H 340 preparing the lime, H 339–340 value for cellar walls, H 210
Whittling, C 6–22 beveling, C 122 calendar back, C 18* curves, cutting, C 15* cutting out process, C 12* drawing the design, C 12* first lessons in, C 9–12* fish line winder, C 15* key rack, C 12–14* key tags, C 14* knife kind to use, C 6* method of holding, C 8* paper knife, C 121–123* picture frames, C 19–22* propeller blades, C 70–72* sand papering edges, C 15 testing with the try square, C 9* tip cat, C 35–37* weather vane making, C 154–156* windmills, C 159–168* woods for, C 7 worsted winder, C 16* See also Wood carving
Wicket polo, K 393
Wicks trimming, H 137
Widow's cruse of oil: story, H 29
Wild animals. See Animals
Wild carrot class and seed time, G 278 seed distribution, G 273
Wild crabapple, A 21, 22
Wild flower gardening April, June and July blooms, G 338–339 decorative value of wild flowers, A 56 landscape gardening, G 362 late blooms, G 339 March blooms, G 338 May blooms, G 338 planning and care, G 336 soil, G 337, 338 succession of bloom, G 338–339 transplanting, G 337
Wild flowers. See Flowers
Wild fowl. See Game and game birds; Water fowl
Wild geranium characteristics, G 342
Wild grapes. See Grapes
Wild nuts list of, A 29
Wild plums "goin' plummin'", A 26–29
Wild raspberries, A 10
Wild rice, A 78–79
Winch setting up, B 77–78* uses, B 78–81
Wind. See Winds
Wind break trees for, G 79, 82
Wind flower, G 343
Wind root, G 348, 365
Windlass principle of, B 78–82*
Windmill Common windmill, B 346* happy Jack weather vane, C 159–162* horizontal weather vane, C 162–165* six-bladed weather vane, C 167–168 Zeppelin weather vane, C 165*
Window-box advantages over pots, G 190 construction and painting, G 191–192 crowding plants in, G 194 draining, G 163 how to fasten to window, G 195 selection of plants for sunny and shady windows, G 192–196
Window seat for girl's room, N 374
Windows batten blinds, C 475 cleaning, H 134 details of window frames, D 30* hanging, C 474 inside trim, C 473* location of cellar windows, H 208 setting frames, C 469
Winds measuring device, B 199–200* table of velocity, B 198 See also Weather vane; Windmill
Winter sports, K 208–224* clothing and footwear, K 208–210*
Winterberries description of, A 57
Wire reducing size of, M 101 See also Electric wires
Wire ropes. See Rope
Wireless Club, E 331–332
Wireless Telegraph accidents prevented by, E 347, 355–357 aerials, E 331 amateur stations, E 347 antennæ, E 320* C. Q. D. message, meaning, E 356 coherer circuit, E 323* construction, E 316–321* discovery, E 346 electric bell as transmitter, E 321 operated by wireless, E 324* ether waves, E 316 fireworks, operated by, E 327–328* first company organized, E 346 first practical use, E 346 first public stations, E 347 ground wire, E 321 Hertzian waves, E 346 incandescent lamps operated by, E 327* law requiring use on steamers, E 347 Morse alphabet, E 330 operation of a simple type, E 320–321* relay, E 322–323 sending messages to ocean steamers, E 347 signal code, E 330 spark coil, construction, E 321–322* tapper, E 329–330* toy train operated by, E 325–327* trans-Atlantic messages first sent, E 346
Wistaria decorative value, G 359
Witch hazel characteristics, G 356
Wolf and sheep (Game), K 394
Women Heritage of, H 63–68 home making power, H 44
Wood best woods for special purposes, K 101 decay, cause of, C 492 durability, C 492–494 hard wood, C 532, K 101 beech, C 556 black jack or barren oak, C 554 black or sweet birch, C 557 black or yellow oak, C 554 bur oak (mossy cup), C 551 chestnut oak, C 552 cypress, C 540 elm, white or American, C 559 Georgia pine, C 535 holly, C 564 honey locust, C 565 hop hornbeam, ironwood, C 558 hornbeam, or blue birch, C 559 larch, C 539 laurel oak, C 555 locust, black and yellow, C 565 paper birch, C 558 pin oak, C 553 post or iron oak, C 552 red birch, C 557 red elm, slippery elm, C 559 red oak, C 553 red or swamp maple, C 547 red pine, C 536 rock, cork elm, C 560 silver, or white maple, C 546 sugar maple, C 545 swamp white oak, C 552 tamarack, C 539 white oak, C 550 willow oak, C 555 yellow birch, C 557 yellow pine, C 536 preservation, C 493–495 soft wood, C 532, K 101 Arbor vitæ, C 542 balsam, C 540 basswood, linden, C 560 black spruce, C 538 box elder, C 548 buckeye, C 565 fir, C 540 gray, or aspen-leaved birch, C 558 hemlock, C 539 moosewood, C 548 mountain maple, C 548 pitch pine, C 536 red cedar, C 541 red spruce, C 538 white cedar, C 542 white pine, C 535 white spruce, C 538 strength of, C 495–497* See also Forestry; Kindling wood; Trees
Wood anemone habits and characteristics, G 343
Wood carving black and white design, C 127 blotter pads, designs, C 125–126 chip carving, C 98–108* curved cutting, C 104–108 designs elliptical, C 112–115 for borders, C 98–103* for centres, C 103–108* for corners, C 103* flat work, C 97–119* glove box design, C 128 holding the knife, C 100* key rack designs, C 123, 126 knives for carving, C 99* letter racks, designs, C 109–117 origin, C 98 paper knife, C 121–123* pencil box, C 106–108* penholder, C 117–119* picture frames, C 129–132* polishing, C 131 triangular cutting, C 98–99 veining, C 117* woods for, C 121
Wood finishing aging wood, C 489 antique finish, C 489 cleaning, the first step, D 213 colors, obtaining, C 488 dead flat surface, C 485 dull finish, D 224 enameling white, D 235 fillers, C 484 cost of surfacing, D 217 liquid, formula, D 216 importance of, D 213–215 paste, formula, D 218 applying, D 219 when to use liquids or paste, D 215 flat finish, D 224 polishing, C 489–491 process, C 484–487 re-finishing old furniture, D 238–243 mahogany table, D 241–243 rubbing down process, D 223 scraping, D 239 shellac, using, C 486, D 216–217 varnish, removing, D 240 wax finish, D 225–226, C 490 white enamel, D 235 white wood, D 230 woods that do and do not require fillers, C 484 See also Stains and staining; Varnish and varnishing
Wood fire. See Fires
Wood lot clearing for kindling wood, A 407
Wood screws strength of, B 156
Wood staining. See Stains and staining
Wood tag, K 394
Woodchucks taming, A 269 trapping, A 488
Woodcraft, K 93–109* axemanship, K 96–97 getting lost, K 102–109 land marks, K 103 lost signals, K 108 See also Trees
Woodpecker insect destroyer, A 457, K 168
Woodwork. See Carpentry and Woodwork
Woof. See Weaving
Wool combing machine roller motion, B 320*
Woolen clothes laundering, H 324 storing, H 347
Work. See Housekeeping; Occupations
Work bag and sewing apron combined, N 31–33
Work bench. See Carpentry
Work shop garden tool making, G 41–71* See also Carpentry
Worms fish bait, K 130
Wren insect destroyer, A 456 migration, K 176
Wrench alligator wrench, making, M 276* flat wrought iron wrench, making, M 274–277* forging, M 273–274* hardie for, M 274* socket wrench, M 279–281* welding, M 277–279
Wringer for laundry work, H 314
Writing desk. See Desk
Wrought iron making, M 230–232 steel versus, M 266
X
X-ray ether waves, E 316 physiological effect, E 336
Y
Yachts flag signals, B 107–109 See also Launch
Yeast principle in bread making, H 296–298
Young, Sir Thomas ether wave theory of light, E 345
Z
Zeppelin's dirigible balloon, B 162
Zinnia characteristics, G 328 planting, G 159 selecting seeds, G 323
FOOTNOTES:
