GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

ABBREVIATIONS.

Barb. Barbour’s Bruce. —Chauc. Chaucer. —Doug. Gawin Douglas’s Transl. of the Æneid. —Ellis, M. R. Ellis’s Specimens of Metrical Romances. —Gl. Glossary. —Jam. Jamieson’s Dictionary. —Laȝam. Laȝamon’s Transl. of Wace (ed. Madden). —Lynds. Sir D. Lyndsay’s Works. —N.E. Northern English. —Percy, A. R. Percy’s Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. —P. Plowm. Piers Plowman. —R. Br. Robert of Brunne. —R. Gl. Robert of Gloucester, ed. Hearne (2nd ed. 1810). —Rits. A. S. Ritson’s Ancient Songs. —Rits. M. R. Ritson’s Metrical Romances. —Sc. Scotch, Scotland. —Sir Tr. Sir Tristrem. —Wall. Wallace. —Web. Weber’s Metrical Romances. —Wilb. Wilbraham’s Cheshire Glossary. —Wynt. Wyntoun’s Chronicle. —B. Lat. Barbarous Latin. —Belg. Belgic. —Fr. French. —Isl. Islandic. —Lat. Latin. —S. Saxon. —Sibb. Sibbald’s Chronicle of Scottish Poetry. —Su. G. Suio-Gothic. —Teut. Teutonic. —q.v. Quod vide. —The Romances separately cited are sufficiently indicated by the Titles. The numbers refer to the line of the Poem.

It may be useful to add that the names of the Romances edited by Ritson are— vol. i. Ywaine and Gawin; Launfal. —vol. ii. Lybeaus Disconus; King Horn; King of Tars; Emare; Sir Orpheo; Chronicle of England. —vol. iii. Le bone Florence; Erle of Tolous; Squyr of Lowe Degre; Knight of Curtesy. Those edited by Weber are— vol. i. Kyng Alisaunder; Sir Cleges; Lai-le-freine. —vol. ii. Richard Cœur de Lion; Ipomydon; Amis and Amiloun. —vol. iii. Seuyn Sages; Octouian; Sir Amadas; Hunting of the Hare. Beowulf and the Codex Exoniensis are quoted from Thorpe’s editions.

U and V are combined; J is not used. Þ (Thorn) is alphabetized as Th.

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S TÞ UV W Y

A

A, 610, 936. Apparently an error of the scribe for Al, but perhaps written as pronounced. N.E. and Sc. aw. V. Jam.

A before a noun is commonly a corruption of the S. on, as proved clearly by the examples in Tyrwhitt’s Gl., Jam., and Gl. Lynds. Adoun, q.v. is an exception. A-two, 1413, 2643. See On.

Aboven, prep. S. above, 1700.

Abouten, prep. S. [on-bútan] about, 521, 670, 1010, &c. Abuten, 2429.

Adoun, adv. S. down, 567. Adune, 2735. Doun, 901, 925, &c. Dun, 888, 927. Dune, 1815, 2656. A.S. of-dúne.

Adrad, part. pa. S. afraid, 278, 1048, 1163, 1682, 2304. Adradde, 1787. Adred, 1258. Odrat, 1153. Sir Tr. p. 174; K. Horn, 124. See Dred.

Agen, prep. S. [on-gean] against, 1792. Ageyn, 493, 569, 2024, &c. Ageynes, 2153, 2270, &c. Ayen, 489, 1210, 2799. Yen, 2271. Ageyn, toward, 451, 1696, 1947; opposite to, 1809; upon, on, 1828. Ayen, towards, 1207. Ageyn him go, 934, opposite him, so as to bear an equal weight. Ageyn hire, 1106, at her approach. Ageyn þe lith, 2141, opposed to the light, on which the light shines. V. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc. &c.

Ageyn, adv. S. again, 2426.

Al, adv. S. wholly, entirely, 34, 70, 139, 203, &c.

Al, adj. S. all, 203, 264, &c.; every one, 104; every part, 224; plu. alle, 2, 150, &c.

Albidene, adv. See Bidene.

Als, Also, Also, conj. S. [eal-swá] as, like, so, 306, 319, &c. Als, 1912, as if. Al so foles, like fools, 2100. Als is merely the abbreviation of Al so; and the modern as is again shortened from als. In Laȝamon it is often written alse, as in l. 4953.

Cf. Havelok, l. 1663. Als and Also are used indifferently, and universally by the old English and Scotch poets.

Alþer-beste, adj. S. best of all, 182, 720, 1040, 1197, 2415. Alþer-lest, Alþer-leste, 1978, 2666, least of all. It is the gen. c. pl. of Alle, joined to an adj. in the superl. degree, and is extensively employed. Alre-leofust, Alre-heudest, Alre-kenest, Laȝamon, Althe-werste, K. Horn, MS. Alder-best, Alder-most, R. Br. Alther-best, Alther-formest, &c. Web. Alther-furste, Alther-next, Alther-last, Rits. M. R. Alder-first, Alder-last, Alder-levest, Chauc. Alder-liefest, Shakesp.

Amideward, prep. S. in the midst, 872. Amiddewart, K. Horn, 556. Amydward, K. Alisaund. 690. A mydward, Ly Beaus Desc. 852. Amydwart, Doug. Virg. 137, 35.

An. conj. S. and, 29, 359, &c. So used by Laȝamon, and still in Somersetsh. V. Jennings. Ant, 36, 557, K. Horn, 9, &c.

And, conj. if, 2862.

Andelong, adv. S. lengthways, i.e. from the head to the tail, 2822.

R. Cœur de Lion, 2649.

Chauc. endelong, C. T. 1993.

Anilepi, adj. S. [ánlepig] one, a single, 2107. Onlepi, 1094. In the very curious collection of poems in MS. Digb. 86 (written in the Lincolnshire dialect, temp. Edw. I.) we meet with this somewhat rare word:

Of the vox and of the wolf (Rel. Ant. ii. 275).

It occurs also in the Ormulum.

Anoþer, adj. S. Al another, 1395, in a different way, on another project.

Laȝamon, l. 21005.

Flor. and Blaunchefl. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 3, p. 125, ed. 1803. (Cf. Horn, ed. Lumby, p. 52, l. 32.)

Anuye, v. Fr. to trouble, weary, 1735; R. Gl., K. Alisaund. 876; Chauc. Melibeus. Noye, Lynds. Gl. q.v.

Are, adj. S. former, 27. Cf. are, adv., Sir Tr. p. 32; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Gl., R. Br., Minot. p. 31. Air, Ayr, Sc. V. Jam. See Er, Or.

Aren, 1 and 3 p. pl. S. are, 619, 1321, &c. Arn, Chauc.

Arke, n. S. Lat. a chest or coffer, 2018. R. Br., Jam.

Armes, n. pl. Lat. arms, armor, 2605, 2613, 2925.

Arum for Arm, 1982, 2408.

Arwe, S. [earg] timid, 2115. Alter the punctuation, and read—

Prompt. Parv.

Cf. Stille, q.v.

As for Has, 1174.

Asayleden, pa. t. pl. Fr. assailed, 1862.

Asken, n. pl. S. ashes, 2841. Aske, R. Gl. Askes, R. Br. Ashen, Chauc. Assis, Doug.

Astirte, pa. t. leaped, 893. Astert, King’s Quair, ap. Jam. See Stirt.

At, prep. S. of or to, 1387. Yw. and Gaw. (Rits.) 963. Still existing in Scotland.

At-sitte, v. S. contradict, oppose, 2200. It corresponds with the term with-sitten, 1683. In R. Gl. it is used synonymously with at-stonde.

—p. 137.

See Sat.

Aucte, Auchte, Auhte, Authe, n. S. possessions, 531, 1223, 1410, 2215.

Laȝamon, l. 25173.

Aughtte, K. Alisaund. 6884. Aucht, Doug. Virg. 72, 4; Lynds. Gl.

Aucte, Auht, Auhte, v. imp. (originally pa. t. of Aw, or Owe) S. [ágan, áhte] ought, 2173, 2787, 2800. Aught, Sir Tr. p. 44. Ohte, K. Horn, 418. Aght, Yw. and Gaw. 3229. Aute, R. Gl. Aught, Chauc. Troil. 3, 1801. Aucht, Doug. Virg. 110, 33.

Aute, Awcte, (pa. t. of the same verb), possessed, 207, 743. Aught, Sir Tr. p. 182. Ly Beaus Desc. 1027. Oght, Le bone Flor. 650. Auht, R. Br. p. 126; Wynt., Lynds. Gl.

Aueden. See Haueden.

Aunlaz, n. Anelace, 2554. “A kind of knife or dagger, usually worn at the girdle.” Tyrw. note on Chauc. l. 359. So in Matth. Paris, “Genus cultelli, quod vulgariter Anelacius dicitur.” V. Gl. in voc. and Todd’s Gl. to Illustr. of Chauc. In Sir Gawan and Sir Galoran, ii. 4, an anlas signifies a sharp spike fixed in the chanfron of a horse. Probably from the Francic Anelaz, Analeze. V. Jam.

Auter, n. Fr. Lat. altar, 389, 1386, 2373. Sir Tr. p. 61, Octovian, 1312, R. Br., Chauc. Awter, Barb.

Ax, n. S. axe, 1776, 1894.

Ay, adv. S. ever, aye, always, 159, 946, 1201, &c. Ae, Sc. V. Jam.

Ayen. See Agen.

Ayþer, pron. S. [Ægþer] either, each, 2665. Eþer, 1882. Athir, Sc. V. Jam. See Other.

Awe, v. S. to owe, own, possess, 1292. It may also very possibly be a corruption of Have. Cf. ll. 1188, 1298.

B

Bac, n. S. back, 1844, 1950, &c; backes, pl. 2611.

Baldelike, adv. S. boldly, 53. Baldeliche, R. Glouc. Baldely, R. Br., Minot, p. 20.

Bale, n. S. sorrow, misery, 327.

Bar. See Beren.

Baret, n. (O.Fr. barat, Isl. baratta) contest, hostile contention, 1932.

Land of Cokaygne, ap. Hickes, Thes. 1, p. 231.

In alle this barette the kynge and Sir Symon Tille a lokyng tham sette, of the prince suld it be don.

R. Brunne, p. 216. Cf. p. 274.

That mekill bale and barete till Ynglande sall brynge.

Awntyrs of Arthure, st. 23.

Barfot, adj. S. barefoot, 862.

Barnage, n. Fr. barons or noblemen collectively, baronage, 2947. Yw. and Gaw. 1258. Web. Doug. Virg. 314, 48.

Barre, n. Fr. bar of a door, 1794, 1811, 1827. Synonymous with Dore-tre, q.v. Chauc. C. T. 552.

Barw. See Berwen.

Baþe, adj. S. both, 1336, 2543. Bethe, 694, 1680.

Be. See Ben.

Be-bedde, v. S. to provide with a bed, 421.

Bede, n. S. prayer, 1385.

Bede, v. S. to order, to bid, 668, 2193, 2396; to offer, 1665, 2084, 2172. Beden, pa. t. pl. offered, 2774, 2780. Bedes, bids, 2392. Of common occurrence in both senses. See Bidd.

Bedden, v. S. to bed, put to bed, 1235. Bedded, Beddeth, part. pa. put to bed, 1128, 2771.

Bedels, n. pl. S. beadles, 266. V. Spelm. in v. Bedellus, and Blount, Joc. Ten. p. 120, ed. 1784.

Beite, Beyte, v. to bait, to set dogs on, 1840, 2330, 2440. Bayte, R. Br. From the Isl. Beita, incitare; Su. Goth. Beita biorn, to bait the bear. V. Jam. and Thomson’s Etymons.

Bem. See Sunne-bem.

Ben, v. S. to be, 19, 905, 1006, &c. Ben, pr. t. pl. are, 1787, 2559. Be, Ben, part. pa. been, 1428, 2799. Bes, Beth, imp. and fut. be, shall be, 1261, 1744, 2007, 2246. Lat be, 1265, 1657, leave, relinquish, a common phrase in the Old Romances. Lat abee, Sc. V. Jam.

Benes, n. pl. S. beans, 769.

Beneysun, n. Fr. blessing, benediction. 1723. R. Br., Web., Chauc. C. T. 9239. Lynds. Gl.

Bere, n. S. bear, 573, 1838, 1840, 2448.

Bere, Beren, v. S. to bear, to carry, 581, 762, 805. Ber, 2557; Bar, pa. t. bore, 557, 815, 877. Bere, 974. Beres, pr. t. pl. bear. 2323.

Bermen, n. pl. S. bar-men, porters to a kitchen, 868, 876, 885. The only author in which this term has been found is Laȝamon, in the following passages:

—l. 8101.

Bern, n. S. child, 571. Barn, bearne, R. Br. Bairn, Sc.

Berwen, v. S. [beorgan] to defend, preserve, guard, 697, 1426; burwe, 2870. Barw, pa. t. 2022, 2679. The original word is found in Beowulf:

—l. 5134.

So in K. Horn, MS. Laud. 108.

—f. 224b, c. 2.

Bes. See Ben.

Bes for Best, 354.

Best, Beste, n. Fr. beast, 279, 574, 944, 2691.

Bete, v. S. [beátan] to beat, fight, 1899, 2664, 2763. Beten, pa. t. pl. beat, struck, 1876. Chauc. C. T. 4206, to which Tyrwh. gives a Fr. derivation.

Betere, adv. comp. S. better, 1758.

Beye, v. S. to buy, 53, 1654. Byen, 1625.

Beyes, pr. t. for Abeyes, S. suffers, or atones for, 2460.

Sir Tristr. p. 146.

K. Horn, 113.

Le bone Flor. 1330.

See Jam. in v. Aby. Web. Gl. and Lynds. Gl.; also Nares, v. Bye.

Bicomen, pa. t. pl. became, 2257; part. pa. become, 2264. Bicomes, imp. pl. become (ye), 2303.

Bidd, Bidde, v. S. offer, 484, 2530; order, bid, 529, 1733. Ut bidde, 2548, order out. Biddes, pr. t. bids, orders, 1232. Bidde, to ask, 910. R. Glouc., Lynds. Gl. See Bede.

Bidene, adv. forthwith, 730, 2841.

Sir Tr. p. 45.

From Du. bij dien, by that.

Bifalle, v. S. to happen, befall, 2981. Bifel, pa. t. 824. Fel, 1009; appertained, 2359.

Biforn, prep. S. (1) before, 1022, 1034, 1364, &c.; bifor, 1357; biforen, 1695; (2) in front of, 2406; bifor, 1812.

Bigan, pa. t. began, 1357. Bigunnen, pl. 1011, 1302. Biginnen, pr. t. pl. begin, 1779.

Bihalue, v. S. to divide into two parts, or companies, 1834. Halue occurs as a noun in Chauc. Troil. 4, 945.

Bihel for Beheld, 1645. Bihelden, pa. t. pl. beheld, 2148.

Bihetet, pa. t. S. promised, 677. Bihight, Sir Tr. p. 105. Behet, Bihet, R. Gl. Be-hette, R. Br. Be-hete, Web., Rits. M. R. Behighte, Chauc.

Bihoten, part. pa. promised, 564. Behighte, Chauc.

Bihoue, n. S. behoof, advantage, 1764. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.

Bikenneth, pa. t. S. betokens, 1268. Bikenne, R. Br.

Bileue, imp. tarry, remain, 1228. Bilefte, pa. t. remained, 2963. From v. S. belifan, to be left behind.

Sir Tristr. p. 29. Cf. pp. 38, 60.

K. Horn, ed. Lumby, 363.

Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 298.

Guy of Warw. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 23.

See also the Gl. to R. Gl., R. Br. and Web., to which add Emare, 496, and Gower, Conf. Am. This is sufficient authority for the reading adopted in the text, and it may hence be reasonably questioned, whether bilened in Lye, and belenes in Sir Gawan and Sir Galoran, i. 6, quoted by Jamieson in v. Belene, be not the fault of the scribe, or of the Editors.

Bimene, v. S. mean, 1259.

Binden, v. S. to bind, 1961. Used passively, 2820, as Bynde, 42. Bounden, pa. t. pl. 2442. Bunden, 2506. Bounden, part. pa. 545. Bunden, 1428.

Binne, adv. S. within, 584. Byn, Rits. M. R. But and ben, Doug., Virg., 123, 40; without and within. V. Jam., in v. Ben.

Birde. See Birþe.

Birþe (should rather be birþ), 3 p. s. pres. it behoves, 2101. Hence birde, 3 p. s. pt. t. behoved, 2761. A.S. býrian, gebýrian, to fit, suit, be to one’s taste. See Buren in Stratmann.

Birþene, n. S. burden, 900, 902.

Bise, n. Fr. a north wind, 724. Bise traverse, a north-west or north-east wind. Cotgr.

Rom. de Renart, 13648.

The term is still in common use.

Biseken, v. S. to beseech, 2994.

Biswike, part. pa. S. cheated, deceived, 1249.

Laȝam. l. 3412.

Byswuke, K. Horn, 296; Yw. and Gaw. 2335. Bisuike, R. Br. Beswyke, R. Cœur de L. 5918.

Bitaken, v. S. [bitǽcan, tǽcan] to commit, deliver, give in charge, 1226. Bitechen, 203, 384, 395. Bi-teche, pr. sing. 384; imp. sing. 395. Laȝam. 5316. Bitake, Sir Tr. p. 87. Byteche, K. Horn, 577. Biteche, Web. Betake, Beteche, Chauc., Barb., Wall. Bitaucte, pa. t. delivered, 206, 558. Bitauhte, 2212, 2317, 2957. Bitawchte, 1224. Bitawte, 1408. Tauhte, 2214. Bitæht, Bitachet, Laȝam. Bitaught, Sir Tr. p. 85. Bitoke, K. Horn, 1103. Betok, Ly Beaus Desc. 82. Betauht, bitauht, tauht, biteched, R. Br. Bitake, R. Gl. Betake, Sir Guy. Betaught, Chauc. Betaucht, Doug., Lynds.

Bite, v. S. to taste, drink, 1731.

K. Horn (Ritson), 1129.

Biþ for By the, 474. Cf. l. 2470.

Bituene, Bitwenen, Bitwene, prep. S. between, 748, 2668, 2967.

Blac, adj. S. black, 555, 1008. Pl. Blake, 1909, 2181, &c.

Blakne, v. S. to blacken in the face, grow angry, 2165.

Laȝam. l. 19887.

R. Brunne, p. 183.

Blawe. v. S. to blow, 587. Blou, imp. blow, 585.

Blede, v. S. to bleed, 2403.

Bleike, pl. adj. bleak, pale, wan, 470. A.S. blác, bleak, Su.-G. blek.

Blenkes, n. pl. blinks, winks of the eye, in derision, 307. R. Br. p. 270; Sc. V. Jam. Suppl. Derived from S. blican, Su.-G. blænka, Belg. blencken, to glance. See Gl. Lynds.

Blinne, v. n. S. to cease, 2367, 2374. Sir Tr. p. 26; Rits. M. R. Web., R. Gl., Chauc.; so in Sc. V. Jam. Gl. Lynds. Blinne, pa. t. pl. ceased, 2670. Blinneth, pr. t. ceases, 329.

Blissed, part pa. S. blessed, 2873.

Bliþe, adj. S. happy, 632, 651.

Blome, n. S. bloom, flower, 63.

Bloute, adj. soft, 1910. Sw. blöt, soft, pulpy.

Bode, n. S. command, 2200, 2567. Sir Tr. p. 121, Web.

Bok, n. S. book, 1173, 1418, &c. See Messe-bok.

Bole, n. [Isl. bolli, W. bwla. Cf. A.S. bulluca] bull, 2438. Boles, pl. 2330.

Bon, Bone. See O-bone.

Bondemen, n. pl. S. husbandmen, 1016, 1308. R. Gl.

Bone, n. S. [bén] boon, request, 1659. Sir Tr. p. 31, and all the Gloss.

Bor, n. S. boar, 1867, 1989. Bores, pl. 2331.

Bord, n. S. (1) table, 1722. K. Horn, 259; Rits. M. R., Web., Chauc.; (2) a board, 2106. See the note on l. 2076.

Boren, part. pa. S. born, 1878.

Boru, n. S. borough, 773, 847, 1014, 1757, 2086, 2826. Borwes, pl. 1293, 1444, 1630. Burwes, 55, 2277. Sir Tr. pp. 12, 99. Chalmers is certainly mistaken when he says it does not signify boroughs, but castles. Introd. Gl. p. 200. In Laȝamon the word is always clearly distinguished from castle, as it is in many other writers. V. Spelm. in v. Burgus.

Bote, adv. S. but, only, 721. See But.

Bote, n. S. remedy, help, 1200. Laȝm., Sir Tr. p. 93; Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Gl., R. Br., Minot, Chauc., Doug., Lynds. Gl.

Boþen, adj. pl. S. both, 173, 697, 958; g. c. of both, 2223.

Bounden, Bunden. See Binden.

Bour, Boure, Bowr, n. S. [búr] chamber, 239, 2072, 2076, &c. In Beowulf the apartment of the women is called Bryd-bur; l. 1846.

Laȝam. l. 19042.

Honder hire boures wowe, K. Horn, 982, MS., where Rits. Ed. reads chambre wowe. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 114; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Br., Doug., V. Jam. See note on l. 2076.

Bouthe, pa. t. S. bought, 875, 968. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 104.

Bouth, part. pa. bought, 883.

Boyes, n. pl. S. boys, men, 1899.

Brayd, pa. t. S. (1) started, 1282. Chauc., Gaw. and Gal. iii. 21; R. Hood, II. p. 83; (2) drew out, 1825, a word particularly applied to the action of drawing a sword from the scabbard.

Laȝam. l. 26533.

Cf. Am. and Amil. 1163; Sir Ferumbras, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 387. Rauf Coilzear, ap. Laing, and Wall. i. 223.

Brede, n. S. bread, 98. Bred, 1879.

Breken, v. S. to break, 914. Broken, pa. t. pl. broke, 1238.

Brennen, Brenne, v. S. to burn, 916, 1162; Rits. M. R., Rob. Gl., R. Br., Chauc. Brenden, pa. t. pl. burnt, 594, 2125. Brend, part. pa. burnt, 2832, 2841, &c. Sir Tr. p. 93.

Brenne. See On brenne.

Brigge, n. S. bridge, 875. Sir Tr. p. 148. Still used in Sc. and N.E.

Brihte. See Brith.

Brim, adj. S. furious, raging, 2233; R. Br. p. 244; Chauc. Rom. Rose, 1836. Breme, Rits. M. R. It originally signified the sea itself, and was afterwards used for the raging of the sea, Beowulf, l. 56; Compl. of Scotland, p. 62. V. Jam.

Bringe, Bringen, v. S. to bring, 72, 185, &c.

Brini, Brinie, n. S. [Mœso-Goth. brunjo] cuirass, 1775, 2358, 2551. Brinies, pl. 2610. Sir Tr. p. 20. Burne, Laȝam. Brenye, K. Horn, 719, MS. See Merrick’s Gl. to Ess. on Anc. Armor. The Brini then worn was of mail, as appears from l. 2740, Of his brinie ringes mo. Hence in Beowulf it is termed Breostnet, l. 3100; Here-net, 3110; Hringedbyrne, 2495. So in the French K. Horn, MS. Douce, Mes vnc de sun halberc maele ne falsa. See Rits. Gl. M. R.

Brisen, v. S. to bruise, beat, 1835. See To-Brised.

Brith, adj. S. bright, 589, 605, &c. Brihte, 2610. Bryth, 1252. Brithter, comp. brighter, 2141.

Brittene, part. pa. S. destroyed, 2700; R. Br. p. 244. Pistill of Sussan, ap. Laing. In Doug., Virg. pp. 76, 5; 296, 1, the verb has the sense of to kill, which it may also bear here. See Bruten in Will. of Palerne.

Brod, adj. S. broad, 1647.

Broucte, pa. t. and pp. brought, 767. Brouht, 1979. Broute, 2868. Brouth, 336, 64. Browt, 2412. Browth, 2052. Brouct of liue, 513, 2412, dead. Brouthen, pl. brought, 2791.

Brouke, 1 p. pres. sing. S. brook, enjoy, use, 311, 1743, 2545 (cf. Ch. Non. Pr. Ta. 480).

K. Horn, 1041.

Cf. Rits. Gl. M. R., Rich. C. de Lion, 4578; Chauc. C. T. 10182, 15306, R. Hood, V. I. 48, II. 112; Lynds. Gl. Percy, A. R. In Sc. Bruike. With these numerous instances before him, it is inconceivable how Jamieson, except from a mere love of his own system, should write: ‘There is no evidence that the Engl. brook is used in this sense, signifying only to bear, to endure.’

Broys, n. S. broth, 924. Brouwys, R. Cœur de L. 3077; Sc. V. Jam. and Brockett’s North country words, v. Brewis; also Nares. Sc. brose.

Brune, adj. pl. S. brown, 2181, 2249.

Bulder, adj. or n. 1790. In the north a Boother or Boulder, is a hard flinty stone, rounded like a bowl. Brockett’s Gl. So also in Grose, Boulder, a large round stone. Bowlders, Marsh. Midl. Count. Gl. The word has a common origin with Isl. ballaðr, Fr. boulet, Sc. boule, in Doug. V. Jam.

Bunden. See Binden.

Burgeys, n. S. burgess, 1328. Burgeis, 2466, pl. 2012. Burgmen, 2049. Burhmen, Borhmen, Laȝamon., V. Spelm. in v. Burgarii.

Burwe. See Berwen.

Burwes. See Boru.

But, Bute, conj. S. except, unless, 85, 690, 1149, 1159, 2022, 2031, 2727. But on, 535, 962, except. Butand, Sc. But yf, 2972, unless. [It should be noted that but on should properly be one word, being the A.S. búton or bútan, except. But it is written as two words in the MS.]

But, n. 1040. Probably the same as Put, q.v. The word Bout is derived from the same source.

But, part. pa. contended, struggled with each other (or perhaps struck, thrust, pushed), 1916. Buttinge, part. pr. striking against with force, 2322. From the Fr. Bouter, Belg. Botten, to impel, or drive forward. V. Jam. Suppl. in v. Butte, and Butt in Wedgwood.

Butte, n. a flounder or plaice, 759. Du. bot. See Halliwell.

Byen. See Beye.

Bynde. See Binden.

Bynderes, n. pl. S. binders, robbers who bind, 2050.

C

Caliz, n. S. chalice, 187, 2711.

Yw. and Gaw. 3907.

Callen, v. S. to call, 747, 2899.

Cam. See Komen.

Canst, pr. t. S. knowest, 846. Cone, 622, canst. Kunne, pl. 435. V. Gl. Chauc. in v. Conne. Jam. and Gl. Lynds. See Couthe.

Carl, n. S. churl, slave, villain, 1789. Cherl, 682, 684, 2533. Cherles, g. c. churl’s, 1092. Cherles, pl. villains, bondsmen, 262, 620. Sir Tr. p. 39; V. Spelm. in v. Ceorlus, and Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Casten. See Kesten.

Catel, n. Fr. chattels, goods, 225, 2023, 2515, 2906, 2939. Web. Gl., R. Br., P. Plowm., Chauc.

Syr Bevys, O. iii.

Cauenard, n. Fr. [cagnard caignard] a term of reproach, originally derived from the Lat. canis, 2389. V. Roquef. Menage.

Rits. A. S. p. 36.

Chauc. C. T. 5817.

Cayser, Caysere, n. Lat. emperor, 977, 1317, 1725. Kaysere, 353.

Cerges, n. pl. Fr. wax tapers, 594. Serges, 2125. Chauc. Rom. R. 6251; V. Le Grand. Vie privée des F.; V. 3, p. 175.

Chaffare, n. S. merchandise, 1657. R. Cœur de L. 2468, R. Gl., Sir Ferumbras, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 412, Chauc., R. Hood, I. 87. Chaffery, Sc. V. Lynds. Gl.

Cham for Came, 1873.

Chanbioun, n. Fr. champion, 1007. Sir Tr. p. 97. Chaunpiouns, pl. 1015, 1031, 1055; V. Spelm. in v. Campio. Cf. A.S. cempa.

Chapmen, n. pl. S. merchants, 51, 1639; R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc. In Sc. pedlars. V. Jam., and Gl. Lynds.

Charbucle, n. Fr. Lat. a carbuncle, 2145. Charbocle, Syr Bevys. Charbokull, Le bone Flor. 390. Charboucle, Chauc. C. T. 13800. Charbukill, Doug. Virg. 3, 10.

Cherl. See Carl.

Chesen, v. S. to choose, select, 2147. Sir Tr. p. 27; K. Horn, 666; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Br., Chauc., V. Jam. in v. Cheis.

Chinche, adj. Fr. niggardly, penurious, 1763, 2941.

The Sevyn Sages, 1244.

So in Chauc. Rom. Rose, 5998, and Gower, Conf. Am. 109 b.

Chiste, n. S. Lat. chest, 222. Kiste, 2018. Kist, Yorksh. and Sc.; V. Jam. and Lynds. Gl.

Citte, pa. t. S. cut, 942. Kit, Web. M. R. Kyt, Syr Eglam. B. iv. Kette, Syr Bevys, C. iii. So Chauc. C. T. 6304.

Claddes, pa. t. 2 p. S. claddest, 2907.

Clapte, pa. t. S. struck, 1814, 1821.

Clare, n. Fr. spiced wine, 1728. See Claret in Prompt. Parv.

Clef, pa. t. S. cleft, 2643, 2730.

Cleue, n. S. dwelling, 557, 596. A.S. cleofa.

Cleuen, v. S. to cleave, cut, 917.

Clothe, Clothen, v. S. to clothe, 1138, 1233. In l. 1233, Garnett suggests that cloþen may be a nom. pl. = clothes. If so, dele the comma after it.

Clutes, n. pl. S. clouts, shreds of cloth, 547. Clottys, Huntyng of the hare, 92. Cf. Chauc. C. T. 9827, and Clut in Bosworth.

Clyueden, pa. t. pl. S. cleaved, fastened, 1300.

Cok, n. Lat. cook, 967. Kok, 903, 921, 2898. Cokes, Kokes, g. c. cook’s, 1123, 1146.

Comen, Comes, Cometh. See Komen.

Cone. See Canst.

Conestable, n. Fr. constable, 2286. Conestables, pl. 2366.

Conseyl, n. Fr. counsel, 2862.

Copes. See Kope.

Corporaus, n. Fr. Lat. the fine linen wherein the sacrament is put, 188; Cotgr. V. Du Cange, and Jam. in v. Corperale.

Guy of Warw. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 77.

Corune, n. Lat. crown, 1319, 2944.

Coruning, n. Lat. coronation, 2948.

Cote, n. S. cot, cottage, 737, 1141.

Couel, n. coat, garment, 768, 858, 1144. Cuuel, 2904. Kouel, 964. The word is connected with A.S. cufle, cugele, a cowl.

Couere, v. Fr. to recover, 2040.

Ly Beaus Desc. 1983.

Erl of Tol. 381.

Coupe, v. buy, buy dearly, get in exchange, 1800. Icel. kaupa.

Couth. See Quath.

Couþe, pa. t. of Conne, v. aux. S. knew, was able, could, 93, 112, 194, 750, 772. Kouþen, pl. 369.

Sir Tristr. p. 24.

See Canst.

Crake, Crakede. See Kraken.

Crauede, pa. t. S. craved, asked, 633.

Crice, n. explained to mean rima podicis in Coleridge’s Glossarial Index, 2450. Cf. A.S. crecca. Icel. kryki, a corner. In Barb. x. 602, crykes is used for angles, corners. See Krike.

Crist, n. Lat. Gr. Christ, 16, &c. Cristes, g. c. 153. Kristes, 2797.

Croiz, n. Fr. Lat. cross, 1263, 1268, 1358, &c. Croice, Sir Tr. p. 115.

Croud, part. pa. crowded, oppressed (?) 2338. K. Alisaund, 609. Cf. A.S. crydan, p. p. gecróden.

Croun, Croune, n. Fr. crown, head, 568, 902, 2657. Crune, 1814, 2734.

K. Horn, 1509.

Cf. K. of Tars, 631; Le bone Flor. 92, and Erle of Tol. 72.

Cruhsse. See To-cruhsse.

Crus, brisk, nimble, 1966. It is the Sw. krus, excitable, Sc. crouse. See Crouse in Atkinson’s Cleveland Glossary.

Cunnriche, n. S. kingdom, 2318. Kinneriche, 976. Kuneriche, 2400. Kunerike, 2804. Kunrik, 2143. In the last instance it means a mark of royalty, or monarchy. Web. Kyngriche, Kynryche.

Curt, n. Fr. court, 1685.

Curteys, Curteyse, adj. Fr. courteous, 2875, 2916.

Cuuel. See Couel.

D

Dam, n. 2468, here used in a reproachful sense, but apparently from the same root as the Fr. Dam, Damp, Dan, and Don, i.e. from Dominus.

Dame, n. Fr. Lat. mistress, lady, 558, 1717. V. Gl. Chauc.

Danshe, n. pl. Danish men, 2689, 2945, &c. See Denshe.

Datheit, interj. 296, 300, 926, 1125, 1887, 1914, 2047, 2447, 2511. Datheyt, 1799, 1995, 2604, 2757. An interjection or imprecation, derived from the Fr. Deshait, dehait, dehet, explained by Barbazan and Roquefort, affliction, malheur; [from the O.F. hait, pleasure]. It may be considered equivalent to Cursed! Ill betide! In the old Fabliaux it is used often in this sense:

De S. Pierre et du Jougleor, 381.

The term was very early engrafted on the Saxon phraseology. Thus in the Disputation of Ane Hule and a Niȝtingale, l. 99.

It occurs also frequently in the Old English Romances. See Sir Tristr. pp. 111, 191; Horn Childe, ap. Rits. V. 3, p. 290; Amis and Amil. 1569; Sevyn Sages, 2395; R. Brunne, where it is printed by Hearne Dayet. To this word, in all probability, we are indebted for the modern imprecation of Dase you! Dise you! Dash you! still preserved in many counties, and in Scotland. V. Jam. Suppl. v. Dash you.

Dawes, n. pl. S. days, 27, 2344, 2950. Dayes, 2353.

Ded, Dede, n. S. death, 149, 167, 332, 1687, 2719, &c.

Ded, part. pa. S. dead, 2007.

Dede, n. S. deed, action, 1356.

Dede, Deden, Dedes. See Do.

Deide. See Deye.

Del, n. S. deal, part, 218, 818, 1070, &c. Web., R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc. Deil, Sc. V. Jam.

Deled, part. pa. S. distributed, 1736. See To-deyle.

Demen, v. S. to judge, pass judgment, 2467. Deme, Demen, pr. t. pl. judge, 2476, 2812. Demden, pa. t. pl. judged, 2820, 2833. Demd, part. pa. judged, 2488, 2765, 2838.

Denshe, adj. Danish, 1403, 2575, 2693. See Danshe.

Deplike, adj. S. deeply, 1417. Synonymous with Grundlike, q.v.

Dere, n. S. dearth, scarcity, 824, 841. R. GL. p. 416.

Dere, adv. S. dearly, 1637, 1638.

Dere, v. S. to harm, injure, 490, 574, 806, 2310. Dereth, pr. t. injures, 648. K. Horn, 148; R. Br. p. 107; K. of Tars, 192; Chauc. Deir, Sc. Doug. Virg. 413, 52; Lynds. Gl.

Dere, adj. S. dear, 1637, 2170, &c.

Deuel, n. S. devil, 446, 496, 1188. Deueles, g. c. devil’s, 1409.

Deus. This is undoubtedly the vocative case of the Lat. Deus, used as an interjection, 1312, 1650, 1930, 2096, 2114. “Its use was the same in French as in English. Thus in King Horn:

Harl. MS. 527, f. 66 b. c. 2.

It was probably introduced into the English language by the Normans, and its pronunciation remained the same as in the French.

K. Alisaunder, 3674.

It is curious to remark, that we have here the evident and simple etymology of the modern exclamation Deuce! for the derivation of which even the best and latest Lexicographers have sent us to the Dusii of St Augustine, the Dues of the Gothic nations, Diis of the Persians, Teus of the Armoricans, &c. Thomson very justly adds, that all these words, ‘seem, like dæmon, to have been once used in a good sense,’ and in fact are probably all corruptions of the same root. Cf. R. Brunne, p. 254, and Gl. in v. Deus. For the first suggestion of this derivation the Editor is indebted to Mr Will. Nicol.” —M.

Deye, v. S. to die, 840. Deide, pa. t. pl. died, 402.

Dide, Diden, Dides. See Do.

Dike, n. S. ditch, 2435. Dikes, pl. 1923. N.E. and Sc., V. Jam. and Brockett.

Dine, n. S. din, noise, 1860, 1868.

Dinge, v. S. to strike, scourge, beat, 215, 2329. Dong, pa. t. struck, 1147. Dungen, part. pa. beaten, or scourged, 227. Sc. and N.E. See Jam. Gl., Lynds., and Ray.

Dint, n. S. blow, stroke, 1807, 1817, 1969, &c. Dent, Sir Tr. p. 92; Chauc. Dynt, R. Br. Dintes, pl. 1437, 1862, 2665. Duntes, K. Horn, 865. Dentys, Rits. M. R. Dyntes, R. Gl. Dintes, Minot, p. 23; V. Gl. Lynds.

Do, Don, v. S. The various uses of this verb in English and Scotch, in an auxiliary, active, and passive sense, have been pointed out by Tyrwhitt, Essay on Vers. of Chauc. Note (37), Chalmers, Gl. Lynds. and Jamieson. It signifies: to do, facere, 117, 528, 1191; to cause, efficere, 611; do casten, 519; do hem fle, 2600, to put or place (used with in or on), 535, 577, &c. Dones on = don es on = do them on, put them on (see Es), 970. Dos, pr. t. 2 p. dost, 2390. Dos, pr. t. 3 p. does, 1994, 2434, 2698. Doth, Don, pr. t. pl. do, 1838, 1840. Doth, imp. do, cause (ye), 2037. Dos, imp. pl. do ye, 2592. Dede, Dide, pa. t. caused, 658, 970, &c. Dede, Dide, pa. t. put, placed, 659, 709, 859. Dedes, Dides, pa. t. 2 p. didest, 2393, 2903. Deden, Diden, pa. t. pl. caused, 242; did, performed, 953, 1176, 2306. Don, part. pa. caused, 1169. Don, part. pa. done, 667. Of liue haue do, 1805, have slain.

Dom, n. S. doom, judgment, 2473, 2487, 2813, &c. Sir Tr. p. 127.

Dore, n. S. door, 1788.

Dore-tre, n. S. bar of the door, 1806. See Tre.

Douhter, n. S. daughter, 120, 2712. Douthe, 1079. Douther, 2867, 2914. Douhtres, pl. 350, 2982. Douthres, 2979. Doutres, 717.

Doun. See Adoun.

Doutede, pa. t. Fr. feared, 708.

Douthe, n. Fr. fear, 1331, 1377.

Douthe, pa. t. of Dow, v. imp. S. [dugan, valere, prodesse] was worth, was sufficient, availed, 703, 833, 1184. It is formed in the same manner as Mouthe, Might. See Sir Tr. p. 77; Jam. and Gl. Lynds. in v. Dow.

Drad. See Dred.

Drawe, Drawen. See Drou.

Dred, imp. dread, fear (thou), 2168. Dredden, Dredde, pa. t. pl. dreaded, feared, 2289, 2568. Drad, part. pa. afraid, 1669. See Adrad.

Drede, n. S. dread, 1169; doubt, anxiety, care, 828, 1664. Chauc.

Dremede, pa. t. S. (used with me), dreamed, 1284, 1304.

Dreinchen, Drenchen, Drinchen, v. S. to drown, 553, 561, 583, 1416, 1424, &c. Drenched, part. pa. drowned, 520, 669, 1368, 1379. V. Gl. Web., R. Gl., Chauc.

Dreng, n. See note on l. 31.

Drepen, v. S. to kill, slay, 1783, 1865, &c. Drepe, would slay, 506. Drop, pa. t. killed, slew, 2229. Bosworth gives drepan, to slay. Cf. Sw. dräpa.

Dreping, n. slaughter, 2684. Cf. A.S. drepe.

Drinchen. See Dreinchen.

Drinken, v. S. to drink, 459, 800.

Drinkes, n. pl. S. drinks, liquors, 1738.

Drit, n. [Icel. drítr, Du. dreet] dirt, 682. A term expressing the highest contempt. K. Alisaund. 4718; Wickliffe. So, in an ancient metrical invective against Grooms and Pages, written about 1310,

MS. Harl. 2253, f. 125.

Cf. Jam. Suppl. in v. Dryte, and Gl. Lynds.

Driuende. See Drof.

Drou, pa. t. S. drew, 705, 719, &c. Vt-drow, pa. t. out-drew, 2632. With-drow, withdrew, 498; (spelt wit-drow), 502. Drawe, Drawen, part. pa. drawn, 1925, 2225, 2477, 2603, &c. Ut-drawe, Ut-drawen, out-drawn, 1802, 2631. See To-Drawe.

Drof, pa. t. S. drove, 725; hastened, 1793, 1872. Driuende, part. pr. driving, riding quickly, 2702.

Drurye, n. Fr. courtship, gallantry, 195. Web., Rits. M. R., P. Plowm., Chauc., Lynds.

Dubbe, v. Fr. S. to dub, create a knight, 2042. Dubbede, pa. t. dubbed, 2314. Dubban to ridere, Chron. Sax. An. 1085, [11086]. To cnihte hine dubben, Laȝam. l. 22497. “Hickes, Hearne, Gl. R. Gl., and Tyrwhitt, Gl. Chauc., all refer the word to the Saxon root, which primarily signified to strike, the same as the Isl. at dubba. Todd on the contrary, Gl. Illustr. Chauc., thinks this questionable, and refers to Barbazan’s Gl. in v. Adouber, which is there derived from the Lat. adaptare. Du Cange and Dr Merrick give it also a Latin origin, from Adoptare, and by corruption Adobare.” —M. The etymology is discussed in Wedgwood, s.v. Dub. See Note on l. 2314.

Duelle, v. S. to dwell, give attention, 4.

Sir Tristr. p. 181.

Cf. Sir Otuel, l. 3, and Sevyn Sages, 1. Dwellen, to dwell, remain, 1185; to delay, 1351. Dwellen, pr. t. pl. dwell, tarry, 1058. Dwelleden, pa. t. pl. dwelt, tarried, 1189.

Dunten, pa. t. pl. S. struck, beat, 2448.

Dwelling, n. delay, 1352

Dun. See Adoun.

Dungen. See Dinge.

Dursten, pa. t. pl. S. durst, 1866.

E

Eie, n. S. eye, 2545. Heie, 1152. Eyne, pl. eyes, 680, 1273, 1364; eyen, 1340; eyn, 2171.

Eir, n. Fr. Lat. heir, 410, 2539. Eyr, 110, 289, &c. Jam. gives it a Northern etymology, in v. Ayr.

Ek, conj. S. [eac] eke, also, 1025, 1038, 1066, &c. Ok [Su.-G. och, Du. ook] 187, 200, 879, 1081, &c. V. Jam. in v. Ac.

Eld, adj. S. old, 546. Helde, 2472. Heldeste, sup. 1396.

Elde, n. S. age, 2713. Helde, 128, 174, 387, 1435.

Laȝam. l. 25913.

R. Br. In Sc. Eild. It was subsequently restricted to the sense of old age, as in Chauc.

Elles, adv. S. else, 1192, 2590.

Em, S. uncle, 1326. Sir Tr. p. 53. Properly, says Sir W. Scott, an uncle by the father’s side. It appears however to have been used indifferently either on the father’s or mother’s side. See Hearne’s Gl. on R. Gl. and R. Br., Web., Erle of Tol. 988; Chauc. Troil. 2, 162, and Nares. Prov. Eng. Eam.

Er, adv. S. before, 684. Her, 541. Are, Sir Tr. p. 152. Er, K. Horn, 130. See Are, Or.

Er, conj. S. before, 317, 1261, 2680. Her, 229.

Erl, n. S. earl, 189, &c. Erles, g. c. 2898, earl’s. Herles, 883. Erldom, earldom, 2909.

Ern, n. S. eagle, 572. Rits. M. R. Octovian, 196; R. Gl. p. 177; Will. of Palerne.

Erþe, n. S. earth, 740; ground, 2657.

Erþe, v. S. to dwell, 739. A.S. eardian.

Es, a plural pronoun signifying them, as in don es on = put them on, 970. See Gen. and Exod. ed. Morris, pref. p. xix.

Et, a singular pronoun, equivalent to it, used in hauenet = hauen et, 2005; hauedet = haued et, 714.

Ete, Eten, v. S. to eat, 791, 800, 911, &c. Hete, Heten, 146, 317, 457, 641. Et, imp. eat (thou), 925. Et, Het, pa. t. ate, 653, 656. Etes, fut. 2 p. thou shalt eat, 907. Eteth, fut. 3 p. shall eat, 672. Eten, part. pa. eaten, 657.

Eþen, adv. S. hence, 690. Heþen, 683, 845, 1085, 2727.

Eþer. See Ayþer.

Euere, Eure, adv. S. ever. 207, 424, 704, &c. Heuere, 17, 327, 830.

Euereich, adj. S. every, 137. Euere il, 218, 1334, 1644. Euere ilc, 1330. Eueri, 1070, 1176, 1383. Eueril, 1764, 2318, &c. Euerilk, 2258, 2432. Euerilkon, every one, 1062, 1996, 2197. See Il.

Euere-mar, adv. S. evermore, 1971.

Eyen, Eyn, Eyne. See Eie.

Eyr. See Eir.

F

Fader, n. S. Lat. father, 1224, 1403, 1416. Sir Tr. p. 35; K. Horn, 114. The cognate words may be found in Jam.

Faderles, adj. fatherless, 75.

Fadmede, pa. t. S. fathomed, embraced, 1295. From fæthmian, Utraque manu extensa complecti, Cod. Exon., ed. Thorpe, p. 334. It has the same meaning in Sc. V. Jam.

Falle, v. S. to fall, 39, &c. Falles, imp. pl. fall ye, 2302. Fel, pa. t. fell, appertained. 1815, 2359. Fellen, pa. t. pl. fell, 1303.

Fals, adj. S. false, 2511.

Falwes, n. pl. S. fallows, fields, 2509. Chauc. C. T. 6238, where Tyrwh. explains it harrowed lands.

Fare, n. S. journey, 1337, 2621. R. Gl. p. 211; R. Br., Minot, p. 2 (left unexplained by Rits.); Barb. iv. 627. Schip-fare, a voyage, Sir Tr. p. 53.

Faren, v. S. to go, 264. Fare, 1378, 1392, &c. Fare, pr. t. 2 p. farest, behavest, 2705. Fares, pr. t. 3 p. goes, flies, 2690. Ferde, pa. t. went, 447, 1678, &c.; behaved, 2411. For (went), 2382, 2943. Foren, pa. t. pl. went, 2380, 2618.

Faste, adv. S. attentively, earnestly, 2148.

Sir Tristr. p. 167.

Vita S. Albani, MS. Laud. 108. f. 47 b.

Fastinde, part. pr. S. fasting, 865.

Fauth. See Fyht.

Fawen, adj. S. fain, glad, 2160. Fawe, K. of Tars, 1058; Octovian, 307; R. Gl. p. 150; Chauc. C. T. 5802.

Fe, n. S. fee, possessions, or money, 386, 563, 1225, &c. See Jam. and Lynds. Gl.

Feble, adj. Fr. feeble, poor, scanty, 323.

Feblelike, adv. feebly, scantily, 418. Febli, Sir Tr. p. 179, for meanly.

Feden, v. S. to feed, 906. Feddes, pa. t. 2 p. feddest, 2907.

Fel. See Bifalle, Falle.

Felawes, n. pl. S. fellows, companions, 1338.

Feld, n. S. field, 2634, 2685, 1291.

Felde, Felede. pa. t. S. felled, 67, 1859, 2694. Felden (? read he ne fellen, they did not fall), 2698. Feld, part. pa. felled, 1824. Sir F. Madden writes— “in l. 2698, I prefer reading ne felden, did not fell, governed by that. In l. 67, Garnett suggested felede, pursued, from Swed. följade.”

Fele, adj. S. many, often, 778, 1277, 1737, &c. Sir Tr. p. 19.

Fele, adv. S. very, 2442.

Fend, n. S. fiend, 506, 1411, 2229.

Fer, adv. S. far. 359, 1863, 2275, &c. Ferne, far, 1864; pl. adj. foreign, 2031.

Laȝam. l. 5528.

Cf. Chauc. Prol. l. 14.

Ferd, n. S. army, 2384, 2548, &c. Ferde, 2535. Laȝam., R. Gl., R. Br., Web. Ferdes, pl. 2683.

Ferde. See Fare.

Fere, n. S. companion, wife, 1214. Sir Tr. p. 157. K. Horn, Web., R. Gl., R. Br., Minot, Chauc. Feir, Sc. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Ferlike, n. S. wonder, 1258. Ferlik, 1849. Sir Tr. p. 21. Originally in all probability an adj.

Ferþe, adj. S. fourth, 1810.

Feste, n. Fr. feast, 2344, &c.

Feste, v. Fr. to feast, 2938.

Festen, v. S. to fasten, 1785; (used passively) 82. Fest, pa. t. fastened, 144.

Fet. See Fot.

Fete, v. S. to fetch, bring, 642, 912, 937, &c. Used passively, 316, 2037. Fetes, pr. t. s. fetch, 2341. V. Pegge’s Anecd. of Engl. Lang. p. 135.

Fetere, v. S. to fetter, chain, 2758. Used passively.

Feteres, n. pl. S. fetters, 82, 2759.

Fey, n. Fr. faith, 255, 1666. Feyth, 2853.

Fiht, n. S. fight, 2668, 2716.

Fikel, adj. S. fickle, inconstant, 1210, 2799.

File, n. vile, worthless person, 2499.

Hending the hende, MS. Digb. 86.

So in R. Br. p. 237.

It is used for coward by Minot, pp. 31, 36. Cf. Du. vuil, foul, malicious.

Finden, v. S. to find, 1083. Finde, 220. Fynde, 42. Funden, pa. t. pl. found, 602. Funde, part. pa. found, 2376. Funden, 1427.

Fir, n. S. fire, 585, 1162, &c. Fyr, 915.

Firrene, adj. S. made of fir, 2078. Firron, Doug. Virg. 47. 34.

Flaunes, n. pl. Fr. custards, or pancakes, 644. See Way’s note in Prompt. Parv.

Fledden, pa. t. pl. S. fled, 2416.

Flemen, v. S. to drive away, banish, 1160. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc., Rits. A. S. So in Sc. V. Jam.

Flete, pres. subj. S. float, swim, 522. Sir Tr. p. 27; K. Horn, 159; Chauc. Fleit, Sc. V. Jam.

Fleye, v. S. to fly, 1791, 1813, 1827, 2751. Fley, pa. t. flew, 1305.

Flo, v. S. to flay, 612, 2495. K. Horn, 92. Flow, pa. t. flayed, 2502. Flowe, pa. t. pl. 2433.

Flok, n. S. flock, troop, 24. See Trome.

Flote, n. S. boat, 738. A.S. flóta, a ship; Icel. floti, (1) a ship, (2) a fleet; cf. Laȝam. 4530.

Flour, n. Fr. flower, 2917.

Fnaste, v. S. to breathe, 548. Cf. A.S. Fnæstiað, the wind-pipe, Fnæstan, puffs of wind. Fnast = breath in Owl and Nightingale, l. 44.

Fo, n. S. foe, 1363, 2849; pl. foos, 67.

Fol, n. Fr. fool, 298. Foles, pl. 2100.

Folc, Folk, n. S. men collectively, people, 89, 438, &c.

Folwes, imp. S. follow ye, 1885, 2601.

Fonge, v. S. to take, receive, 763; 2 p. pres. subj. 856. In common use from Laȝam. to Chauc. and much later.

For, prep. S. For to is prefixed to the inf. of verbs in the same manner as the Fr. pour, or Sp. por. It is so used in all the old writers, and in the vulgar translation of the Scriptures, and is still preserved in the North of England. Cf. 17, &c. For = on account of, 1670. Sir Tr. p. 62.

For, Foren. See Faren.

Forbere, v. S. spare, abstain from, 352. Chauc. Rom. R. 4751. Forbar, pa. t. spared, abstained from, 764, 2623.

Forfaren, v. S. to perish, 1380. R. Br. Forfard (p. p.) Ly Beaus Desc. 1484. The inf. is also used in Web., P. Plowm., Chauc. In Sc. Forfair. V. Compl. of Scotl. p. 100, and Gl. Lynds.

Forgat, pa. t. S. forgot, 2636, &c. Foryat, 249.

For-henge, v. to kill by hanging, 2724. Cf. Du. verhangen zich, to hang one’s self.

Forlorn, part. pa. S. utterly lost, 770, 1424. Forloren, 580. R. Br., Rits. M. R., Chauc. Used actively, Sir Tr. p. 35.

Forþi, adv. S. on this account, therefore, because, 1194, 1431, 2043, 2500, 2578. Sir Tr. p. 14, and in all the Gloss.

Forthwar, adv. S. forthward; i.e. as we go on, 731.

Forw, n. S. furrow, 1094.

Forward, n. S. promise, word, covenant, 486. Forwarde, 554. Laȝam. l. 4790. Sir Tr. p. 13. Rits. M. R., Web., R. Gl., R. Br., Minot, Chauc.

Fostred, part. pa. S. nourished, 1434, 2239.

Fot, n. S. Euerilk fot, 2432, every foot, or man. Fet, pl. 616, 1022, 1303, 2479. Fote, 1054, 1199.

Fouhten. See Fyht.

Fourtenith, n. S. fortnight, 2284.

Fremde, adj. (used as a n.) S. stranger, 2277.

MS. Digb. 4.

K. Horn, 67.

See also R. Gl. p. 346; Chron. of Eng. 92; P. Plowm., Chau., Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Freme, v. S. to perform, 441.

Fri, adj. S. free, liberal, 1072. Chauc.

Frie, v. to blame, 1998. Icel. fryja, to blame. Cf. freles, blameless. Allit. Poems, ed. Morris, A. 431.

Fro, prep. S. from, 265, &c.

Frusshe. See To-frusshe.

Ful, adv. S. very, much, completely, 6, 82, &c. Ful wo, 2589, much sorrow.

Ful, Fule, adj. S. foul, 506, 555, 626, 965, &c. Foule, 1158.

Fulike, adv. S. foully, shamefully, 2749.

Fulde, part. pa. S. filled, complete, 355.

Funde, Funden. See Finde.

Fyht, v. S. to fight, 2361. Fauth, pa. t. fought, 1990. Fouhten, pa. t. pl. fought, 2661.

Fyn, n. Fr. Lat. ending, 22. R. Br., Minot, Chauc., &c.

G

Ga, v. S. to go. See Ouer-ga.

Gad, n. S. goad, 279. Gaddes, pl. 1016. In Gl. Ælfr. among the instruments of husbandry occur Gad, stimulus, and Gadiron, aculeus. So in The Fermeror and his Docter, printed by Laing:

V. Jam. in v. Gade, 4. and Nares.

Gadred, part. pa. S. gathered, 2577.

Gadeling, n. S. an idle vagabond, low man, 1121.

Laȝam. l. 12333.

Cf. K. Alisaund. 1733, 4063. Gadlyng, Rob. of Cicyle, MS. Harl. 1701. R. Gl. p. 277, 310. Chauc. Rom. Rose, 938. The word originally meant Vir generosus. See Beowulf, l. 5227.

Gaf. See Yeue.

Galwe-tre, n. S. the gallows, 43, 335, 695. Le Bone Fl. 1726. Erle of Tol. 657. Galues, Galwes, Galewes, 687, 1161, 2477, 2508. R. Br., Chauc. Cf. Ihre Gl. Suiog. in v. galge, ab Isl. gayl, ramus arboris.

Gamen, n. S. game, sport, 980, 1716, 2135, 2250, 2577; joy, 2935, 2963. Gamyn, Barb. iii. 465. V. Jam.

Gan, pa. t. S. began, 2443. V. Jam.

Gangen, v. S. to go, walk, 370, 845, &c. Gange, 796. Gongen, 855. Gonge, 1185, 1739, &c. Gonge, pr. t. 2 p. goest, 690, 843. Gangande, part. pr. on foot, walking, 2283. Wynt. V. Jam.

Garte, pa. t. S. made, 189, 1857, &c. Gart, 1001, 1082. Gert, Sir Tr. p. 147. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Gat, Gaten. See Geten.

Gate, n. S. (1) way, road, 846, 889. Sir Tr. p. 27; (2) manner, fashion (see þus-gate), 783, 2419, 2586.

Genge, n. S. family, company, 786, 1735; retinue, 2353, 2362, 2383.

Laȝam. l. 6156.

Hence Gang. V. Todd’s Johns.

Gent, adj. Fr. neat, pretty, 2139. Sir Tr. p. 87, R. Br., Chauc.

Gere. See Messe-gere.

Gest, n. Fr. tale, adventure, 2984. See Note in Warton’s Hist. E. P., V. I. p. 69. Ed. 1840.

Gete, v. to guard, watch, keep, 2762, 2960. Icel. gæta, to guard. Cf. Ormulum, 2079. [Suggested by Garnett.]

Geten, v. S. to get, take, 792. Gete, 1393. Gat, pa. t. begot, got, 495, 730. Gaten, Geten, pa. t. pl. begot, 2893, 2934, 2978. Getes, f. t. 2 p. shalt get, 908.

Ghod for Good, 255.

Gisarm, n. Fr. a bill, 2553. See Gl. Rits. M. R., Spelm. in v., Jam. Dict., and Merrick’s Gl. in v. Gesa, Gesum. [“Distinguished from other weapons of the axe kind by a spike rising from the back. There were two kinds, viz. the glaive-gisarme, with a sabre-blade and spike; and the bill-gisarme, in shape of a hedging-bill with a spike.” Godwin’s Archæol. Handbook, p. 254.]

Giue. See Yeue.

Giue, n. S. gift, 2880. Gyue, 357. Yeft, 2336.

Giueled, piled up, 814. [The O.Fr. gavelé means piled up, heaped together. To gavel corn (see Halliwell) is to put it into heaps, and a gavel is a heap of corn. But this may very well be derived from gable, since a heap takes the shape of a peaked end of a house; and the O.Fr. term is probably originally Teutonic, and connected, as gable is, with Mœso-Goth. gibla, a pinnacle, with which compare German giebel, Du. gevel, and hence our word would be taken from a verb givelen, to pile up. The fish in Havelok’s basket would be what the Dutch call gevelvormig, or formed like a gable, or like the peaked end of a stack of hay or corn, whence the author’s expression—giueled als a stac, piled up in the shape of a stack. Other explanations are flayed, from Du. villen, to flay; or filed, ranged in rows upon a stick, where stick is represented by stac. But the latter supposition would require the reading on rather than als; not to mention the fact that if fish are carried in a pannier they would not resemble fish carried on a stick. Nor is it quite satisfactory to say that giueled is put for gefilled, filled; for this is not elucidated by the expression als a stac, any more than the explanation flayed is. Gable is Icel. gafl, Sw. gafvel, Dan. gavl, Du. gevel, Ger. giebel, gipfel, &c. Its forked shape seems to give rise to Ger. gabel, Sw. gaffel, a fork; respecting which set of words see Gaff in Wedgwood.]

Gladlike, adv. S. gladly, 805, 906, 1760.

Glede, n. S. a burning coal, 91, 869. Rits. M. R., Web., R. Br., Chauc. See Note on l. 91.

Gleiue, Gleyue, Fr. a spear, lance, 1770, 1844, 1981. Gleiues, Gleyues, pl. 267, 1748, 1864. Dr Merrick explains it, “A weapon composed of a long cutting blade at the end of a staff.” See R. Gl. p. 203; Guy of Warw. R. iii.; Chauc. Court of Love, 544; Percy, A. R.

Glem, n. S. gleam, ray, 2122. See Stem.

Gleu, n. S. game, skill, 2332. Properly, says Sir W. Scott, the joyous science of the minstrels. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 24, 35, 150.

Gleymen, n. pl. S. gleemen, 2329. Glewemen, Sir Tr. p. 110.

Disp. betw. the bodi & saul, ap. Leyd. Compl. of Scotl.

Glotuns, n. pl. Fr. gluttons, wicked men, 2104.

K. Horn, 1633, MS. Douce.

Cf. K. Horn, 1124, ap. Rits., Yw. and Gaw. 3247; R. Cœur de L. 5953, and Chauc.

Gnede, adj. S. niggardly, frugal, 97. Nearly equivalent to chinche, l. 1763. Printed guede in Sir Tr. p. 169. [Cf. Gnede in Halliwell, and A.S. gneadlícnes, frugality.]

God, n. S. gain, wealth, goods, 797, 2034; pl. gode, 1221. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.

God, Gode, adj. S. good, excellent, 7, &c.

Goddot, Goddoth, interj. god wot! 606, 642, 796, 909, 1656, 2543; cf. 2527. It is formed probably in the same manner as Goddil, for God’s will, in Yorksh. and Lanc. V. Craven dialect, and View of Lanc. dialect, 1770, 8vo. The word before us appears to have been limited to Lincolnshire or Lancashire, and does not appear in the Glossaries. Other instances are in the Cursor Mundi, MS. Cott. Vesp. F. iii. fol. 87b, and in MS. Cott. Galba E. ix. fol. 61. It also occurs in a translation of a French Fabliau, written in the reign of Edw. I.

La fablel & la cointise de dame Siriz, MS. Digb. 86.

Grundtvig told me (adds Sir F. Madden) that it is “undoubtedly the same interjection spelled Ioduth in the old Danish rime-chronicle.”

Gome, n. S. man, 7.

Gon, v. S. to go, walk, 113, 1045. Goth, imp. go ye, 1780. Gon, part. pa. gone, 2692.

Gonge, Gongen. See Gange.

Gore, 2497. See Grim.

Gos, n. S. goose, 1240. Gees, pl. 702.

Gouen. See Yeue.

Goulen, pr. t. pl. 2 p. S. howl, cry, 454. Gouleden, pa. t. pl. howled, cried, 164.

Hule and Nihtingale, l. 970.

Used also by Wickliffe. In Scotland and the North it is still preserved, but in the South Yell is used as an equivalent. See Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Gram, n. S. grief, 2469.

Graten, v. S. [grǽtan] to weep, cry, cry out, 329. Grede, 96. Grete, pres. pl. 454, 2703. Gret, pa. t. cried out, wept, 615, 1129, 2159. Gredde, 2417. Greten, pa. t. pl. wept, 164, 415, 2796. Grotinde, part. pr. weeping, 1390. Graten, part. pa. wept, 241. Igroten, 285. See Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Graue, v. S. to bury, 613. Grauen, part. pa. buried, 2528. Web., Sir Guy, Ii. iv., Chauc.

Greme, v. S. to irritate, grieve, 442. In R. Br. Gram is used as a verb, in the same sense.

Grene, n. desire, lust, 996. It is simply the Mœso-Goth. gairuni, lust; Icel. girni, desire. V. Jam. in v. Grene. Halliwell suggests sport, play, to which it is opposed.

Gres, n. S. grass, 2698.

Gret, adj. S. great, heavy, loud, 807, 1860. Greth, 1025; pl. grete, 1437, 1862. Grettere, comp. greater, 1893.

Grete. See Graten.

Greþede, 2003. Explained as greeted, accosted, by Sir F. Madden; but the use of þ (not th) renders this doubtful. May it not signify treated, handled (lit. arrayed), from the vb. greyþe?

Grethet. See Greyþe.

Greting, n. S. weeping, 166.

Grette, pa. t. S. accosted, greeted, 452, 1811, 2625. Gret, part. pa. accosted, greeted, 2290.

Greu, pa. t. S. grew, prospered, 2333; pl. grewe, 2975.

Greue, v. S. to grieve, 2953.

Greyþe, v. S. [gerǽdian] to prepare, 1762. Greyþede, pa. t. prepared, 706. Greyþed, part. pa. prepared, made ready, 714. Grethet, 2615. Laȝam. l. 4414. Sir Tr. p. 33. Sc. Graith. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Greyue, n. S. [geréfa] greave, magistrate, 1771. Greyues, g. c. greave’s, 1749. Greyues, pl. 266. V. Spelm. in v. Grafio, and Hickes, Diss. Epist. p. 21, n. p. 151.

Grim, adj. S. cruel, savage, fierce, 155, 680, 2398, 2655, 2761. R. Br., Rits. M. R. See Beowulf, l. 204.

Grim, n. [smut, dirt, 2497. The explanation is that Godard, on being flayed, did not bear his sentence as one of rank and blood would have done, but began to roar out as if he were mere dirt or mud, i.e. one of the dregs of the common herd. This curious expression is ascertained to have the meaning here assigned to it by observing (1) that grim and gore must be substantives, and (2) that they must be of like signification; but chiefly by comparing the line with others similar to it. Now the context, in the couplet following, repeats that “men might hear him roar, that foul vile wretch, a mile off;” and in l. 682, Godard calls Grim “a foul dirt, a thrall, and a churl.” The author clearly uses dirt and churl as synonyms. The word grim is the Danish grim, soot, lampblack, smut, dirt, answering to the English grime; see grime in Atkinson’s Glossary of the Cleveland dialect. Gore is the A.S. gór, wet mud, or clotted blood, in the latter of which senses it is still used. See “Gore. Limus” in Prompt. Parv., and Way’s note.]

Grip, n. griffin, 572. Web. Graip, Sc., V. Jam. The plural gripes is in Laȝam. l. 28062, and K. Alisaund. 4880. Swed. grip.

Grip, n. S. [græp] ditch, trench, 2102. Gripes, pl. 1924. V. Jam. in v. Grape; and Skinner, v. Groop. Cf. Swed. grop.

Gripen, pr. t. pl. S. gripe, grasp, 1790. Gripeth, imp. gripe ye, 1882. Grop, pa. t. grasped, 1776, 1871, 1890, &c.

Grith, n. S. peace, 61, 511. Grith-sergeans, 267, legal officers to preserve the peace. These must not be confounded with the Justitiarii Pacis established in the beginning of Edw. III. reign, and called Gardiani Pacis. V. Spelm. in v. Cf. Icel. grið.

Grom, n. male child, youth, 790; young man, 2472. Belgic grom has the same sense of boy. Cf. Icel. gromr, homuncio. So in Sir Degore, A. iv.

It generally elsewhere signifies lad, page.

Gronge, n. Fr. grange, 764. [Halliwell says that, in Lincolnshire, a lone farm-house is still called a grange. In old English it is sometimes spelt graunge, which comes near the form here used. Cf. Fr. grange; Ital. grangia (Florio), a country-farm.]

Grop. See Gripen.

Grotes, n. pl. S. [grót] small pieces, grit, dust, 472, 1414.

Grotinde. See Graten.

Grund, adj. used as adv. 1027. See Grundlike.

Grunde, n. S. dat. c. ground, 1979, 2675.

Grunden, part. pa. S. ground, 2503. Yw. and Gaw. 676. Grounden, Chauc.

Grundlike, adv. heartily, 651, 2659; deeply, 2013, 2268, 2307, where it is equivalent to Deplike, q.v. The word is undoubtedly Saxon, but in the Lexicons we only find Grundlinga, funditus, from Ælf. Gl. It is used by Laȝamon, l. 9783.

Gyue. See Giue.

H

Hal, all, 2370.

[Hal, more probably, is shortened from half, like twel from twelue.]

Halde, v. S. to hold, take part, 2308. Holden, to keep or observe, 29, 1171. Haldes, pr. t. 3 p. holds, 1382. Hel, pa. t. held, 109. Helden, pa. t. pl. held, 1201. Halden, part. pa. held, holden, 2806.

Hals, n. S. neck, 521, 670, 2510. Sir Tr. p. 109.

Halue, n. S. side, part; bi bothe halue, 2682. See Bi-halue.

Haluendel, n. S. the half part, 460. R. Gl. p. 5; R. Br.; K. Alisaund. 7116; Emare, 444; Chron. of Engl. 515; R. Hood, i. 68.

Handlen, v. S. to handle, 347. Handel, 586.

Hangen, v. S. to hang, 335, 695. Hengen, 43, &c. Honge, 2807. Henged, part. pa. hung, 1922, 2480. Cf. For-henge.

Harum for Harm, 1983, 2408.

Hasard, n. Fr. game at dice, 2326. See Note on l. 2320.

Hatede, pa. t. S. hated, 1188.

Hauen, v. S. to have, 78, &c. Hawe, 1188. Haue, 1298. Haues, Hauest, pr. t. 2 p. hast, 688, 848. Haues, Haueth, pr. t. 3 p. haveth, hath, has, 1266, 1285, 1952, 1980, &c. Hauet, hath, 564. Hauen, pr. t. pl. have, 1227. Hauenet, have it, 2005. Hauede, pa. t. had, 649, 775, &c. Hauedet, 714, had it. Haueden, pa. t. pl. had, 238, &c. Aueden, 163. Haue, Hauede, Haueden, subj. would have, 1428, 1643, 1687, 2020, 2675.

Haui for Haue I, 2002.

He, pron. S. Is often understood, as in ll. 869, 1428, 1777, and hence might perhaps have been designedly omitted in ll. 135, 860, 1089, 2311, though the metre seems to require he in 135 and 1089. He, pl. they, 54, &c.

Heie, n. See Eie.

Heie, adj. S. tall, 987. Hey, 1071, 1083; high, 1289. Heye se, 719. Heye curt, 1685. Heye and lowe, 2431, 2471, &c.

Hel, Helden. See Halde.

Helde, Heldeste. See Eld.

Helen, v. S. [hǽlan] to heal, 1836. Hele, 2058. Holed, part. pa. healed, 2039.

Helm, n. S. helmet, 379, 624, 1653, &c. Helmes, pl. 2612.

Helpen, v. S. to help, 1712. Helpes, imp. pl. help ye, 2595. Holpen, part. pa. helped, 901.

Hem, pron. S. them, 367, &c.

Hend. See Hond.

Hende for Ende, 247.

Hende, n. S. a duck, 1241. A.S. ened; Lat. anas (anat-is); Du. eend; Icel. önd. “Ende mete, for dookelyngys, Lenticula;” and again, “Ende, dooke byrde, Anas.” Prompt. Parv.

Hende, adj. courteous, gentle, 1104, 1421, 1704, 2793, 2877, 2914; skilful, 2628. It certainly is the same word with hendi, hendy. See Tyrwh. on C. T. 3199; Gl. R. Glouc.; Amis and Amil. 1393; Ly Beaus Desc. 333; Morte Arthur, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. I. p. 359, &c.; Dan. and Sw. händig, dexterous.

Hende, adv. S. near, handy, 359, 2275. Web.

Hendeleik, n. courtesy, 2793. Cf. Allit. Poems, ed. Morris, B. 860.

Henged, Hengen. See Hangen.

Henne, adv. S. hence, 843, 1780, 1799. In the same manner is formed Whenne, K. Horn, 169, which Ritson thought a mistake for whence.

Henne, n, S. hen, 1240. Hennes, pl. 702.

Her. See Er.

Her, adv. S. here, 689, 1058, &c. Her offe, 2585, hereof.

Her, n. S. hair, 1924. Hor, 235.

Herboru, n. S. habitation, harbour, lodging, 742. Herberowe, Web.; Herbegerie, R. Br.; Harbroughe, Sq. of Lowe Degre, 179; Herberwe, Chauc.; Herbry, Wynt.; Herberye, Lynds. Gl. q.v. and Jam.

Herborwed, pa. t. S. lodged, 742. Laȝam., Chauc., V. Jam. in v. Herbery.

Here, pron. S. their, 52, 465, &c.

Here, n. S. army, 346, 379, 2153, 2942. R. Br., K. Alisaund, 2101.

Here, Heren, v. S. to hear, 4, 732, 1640, 2279, &c. Y-here, 11. Herd, Herde, pa. t. heard, 286, 465, &c. Herden, pa. t. pl. 150.

Herinne, adv. S. herein, 458.

Herkne, imp. s. S. hearken, 1285. Herknet, imp. pl. hearken ye, 1.

Herles. See Erl.

Hernes, n. Fr. armour, harness, 1917. R. Br., &c.

Hernes, n. pl. S. brains, 1808.

Hern-panne, n. S. skull, 1991. Yw. and Gaw. 660; R. Cœur de L., 5293. Hardynpan, Compl. of Scotl. p. 241; V. Gl.

Hert, n. S. hart, deer, 1872.

Herte, n. S. heart, 479, 2054, &c. Herte blod, 1819. Laȝam. l. 15846; Sir Tr. p. 98; Chauc.

Hertelike, adv. S. heartily, 1347, 2748.

Het, part. S. hight, named, 2348. Hoten, part. pa. called, named, 106, 284.

Het, Hete, Heten. See Ete.

Hetelike, adv. S. hotly, furiously, 2655.

Guy of Warw. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 82.

In Sir Tr. p. 172, Hethelich is explained Haughtily by the Editor, and by Jam. reproachfully. Cf. Hetterly in Gloss. to Will. of Palerne.

Hethede, pa. t. commanded, 551. A.S. hetan. The th is here pronounced like t, as elsewhere.

Heþen. See Eþen.

Heu, n. S. hue, colour, complexion, 2918. Very common. We may hence explain the “inexplicable phrase” complained of by Mr Ellis, Spec. E. E. P. V. I. p. 109. “On heu her hair is fair enough” —occasioned by Ritson having inadvertently copied it hen, from the MS.; see Anc. Songs, p. 25.

Heued, n. S. head, 624, 1653, 1701, 1759, &c. Heuedes, pl. 1907.

Heuere. See Euere.

Heui, adj. S. heavy, 808; laborious, 2456.

Hew, pa. t. S. cut, 2729. Sir Tr. p. 20.

Hext, adj. sup. S. highest, tallest, 1080. Haxt, Laȝamon; Hext, K. Alisaund. 7961; R. Gl.; Chauc.

Hey, Heye. See Heie.

Heye, adv. S. on high, 43, 335, 695, &c.

Heylike, adv. S. highly, honourably, 2319. Heyelike, 1329.

Heyman, n. S. nobleman, 1260. Sir Tr. p. 82. Heymen, Heyemen, pl. 231, 958.

Hi, Hic. See Ich.

Hider, adv. S. hither, 868, 885, 1431.

Hides, n. pl. S. hides, skins, 918.

Hijs, pron. S. his, 47, 468. Hise, 34, &c. Hyse, 355. [The final e is most used with plural nouns.]

Hile, v. S. [hélan] to cover, hide, 2082. Hele, Sir Tr. p. 19, Web., Rits. M. R., Chauc. Hilles, Yw. and Gaw. 741. V. Jam. in v. Heild. —Somersetsh.

Him, pron. S. them, 257, 1169.

Hine, n. pl. S. hinds, bondsmen, 620. Web. Hinen, R. Gl., V. Jam. in v.

Hinne. See Þer-inne.

Hire, pron. S. her, 127, &c. Hire semes, it beseems her, 2916.

His for Is, 279, 1973, 2692.

Hise. See Hijs.

Hof for Of, 1976.

Hof, pa. t. S. heaved, 2750.

Hok, n. S. hook, 1102.

Hol, adj. whole, well, 2075.

Holi, adj. S. holy, 1361. [Printed hoh in the former edition.]

Hold, adj. S. firm, faithful, 2781, 2816.

K. Horn, 1259.

Cf. R. Glouc. p. 377, 383, 443; K. Alisaund. 2912; Chron. of Engl. 730.

Hold, Holde, adj. S. old, 30, 192, 417, 956, &c.; former, 2460.

Holden. See Halde.

Hole, n. S. socket of the eye, 1813.

Holed. See Helen.

Holpen. See Helpen.

Hond, n. S. hand, 2446. Hon, 1342. Dat. c. hend, 505, 2069; pl. hondes, 215, 636. Hond-dede, n. S. handiwork, 92.

Honge. See Hangen.

Hor. See Her, n.

Hore, n. mercy, 153. See Ore.

Horn, n. S. 779. [This probably refers to the shape of the simnel. Halliwell says, a Simnel is “generally made in a three-cornered form.” Cracknels are still made with pointed and turned up ends, not unlike horns.]

Hors, n. S. horse, 2283. Horse-knaue, groom, 1019. So in a curious satirical poem, temp. Edw. II.

MS. Harl. 2253, f. 124 b.

Used also by Gower, Conf. Am. See Todd’s Illustr. p. 279.

Hosen, n. pl. S. hose, stockings, 860, 969. In Sir Tr. p. 94, trowsers seem to be indicated.

Hoslen, v. S. to administer or receive the sacrament, 212. Hoslon, 362. Hosled, part. pa. 364. Hoseled, 2598. Le Bone Flor. 776. Chauc.

Hoten. See Het.

Houes, pr. t. S. behoves, 582. [Read bi-houes?]

Hul, n. S. hollow, i.e. vale, 2687. A.S. hole. Cf. l. 2439.

Hund, n. S. hound, 1994, 2435. Hundes, pl. 2331.

Hungred for Hunger, 2454.

Hungreth, pr. t. hunger, 455. Hungrede, pa. t. hungered, 654.

Hure, pron. S. our, 338, 842, 1231, &c.

Hus for Us, 1217, 1409.

Hus, n. S. house, 740. Huse, 2913. Hws, 1141. Milne-hous, mill-house, 1967.

Hyl, n. S. heap, 892. Hil, hill, 1287.

Hw, W, adv. S. how, 120, 288, 827, 960, 1646, &c. Hwou, 2411, 2946, 2987, &c.

Hwan, adv. S. when, 408, 474, &c. See Quan.

Hware, adv. S. where, 1881, 2240, 2579. Hwar-of, whereof, 2976. Hwere, 549, 1083.

Hwat, pron. S. what, 596, 635, 1137, 2547. Wat, 117, 541, &c. Wat is yw, 453. Hwat or Wat is þe, 1951, 2704.

Hwat. See Quath.

Hwel, n. S. whale, or grampus, 755. Hwæl, balena, vel cete, vel cetus. Ælf. Gl. See Qual.

Hweþer, adv. S. whether, 294, 2098.

Hwi, adv. S. why, 454. See Qui.

Hwil, adv. S. whilst, 301, 363, 538, 2437.

Hwile, n. S. time, 722, 1830.

Hwil-gat, adv. S. how, lit. which way, 838. Howgates, Skinner.

Hwit, adj. S. white, 1729.

Hwo, pron. S. who, 296, 300, 368, 2604, &c. See Wo.

Hwor, adv. S. whether, 1119. Hwore-so, wheresoever, 1349.

Hwou. See Hw.

Hws. See Hus.

Hyse. See Hijs.

I

Ich, pron. S. I, 167, &c. Ihc, 1377. Hic, 305. Hi, 487. I, 686. Y, 15, &c.

Id for It, 2424.

I-gret, 163. See Grette.

I-groten. See Graten.

Il, adj. S. each, every, 818, 1740, 2112, 2483, 2514. Ilc, 1056, 1921. Ilke, 821, 1861, 2959, 2996; (= same), 1088, 1215, 2674, &c. Ilker, each (of them), 2352. Ilkan, each one, 1770, 2357. Ilkon, 1842, 2108. See Eueri.

Ille, adv. S. Likede hire swithe ille, 1165, it displeased her much. Sir Tr. p. 78. A common phrase. Ille maked, ill treated, 1952.

I-maked. See Maken.

Inne, adv. S. in, 762, 807. See Þerinne.

Inow, adv. S. enough, 706, 911, 931, &c. Ynow, 563, 1795. Ynou, 904.

Intil, prep. S. into, 128, 251, &c. See Til.

Ioie, n. Fr. joy, 1209, 1237, 1278, &c. Ioye, 1315.

Ioyinge, n. gladness, 2087.

Ioupe, n. Fr. a doublet, 1767. Roquefort gives the form Jupe, but Jupon or Gipoun is more usual. See Jupon in Halliwell, and Gipe in Roquefort.

Is for His, 735, 2254, 2479.

Iuele, n. S. evil, injury, 50, 1689. Yuel, 2221. Yuele, 994. Iuel, sickness, 114. Yuel, 144, 155.

Laȝam. l. 19282.

Ful iuele o-bone, very lean, 2505; cf. 2525.

Iuele, adv. S. evilly, 2755. Me yuele like, displease me, 132. Cf. Ille liken.

K

Kam. See Komen.

Kaske, adj. strong, vigorous, 1841. Sw. karsk.

Kaym, n. p. Cain, 2045. See note in loc.

Kayn, n. 31, 1327. Evidently a provincial pronunciation of Thayn, which in the MS. may elsewhere be read either chayn or thayn. By the same mutation of letters make has been converted into mate, cake into cate, wayke into wayte, lake into late (R. Hood, I. 106), &c., or vice versâ. See Thayn.

Kaysere. See Cayser.

Keft, part. pa. purchased, 2005. Sure keft = sourly (bitterly) purchased it. See Sure and Coupe.

Keling, n. 757, cod of a large size, Jam. q.v. The kelyng appears in the first, course of Archb. Nevil’s Feast, 6 Edw. IV. See Warner’s Antiq. Cul. Cotgrave explains Merlus, A Melwall or Keeling, a kind of small cod, whereof stockfish is made.

Keme. See Komen.

Kempe, n. S. knight, champion, 1036. V. Jam. in v.

Kene, adj. S. keen, bold, eager, 1832, 2115. A term of very extensive use in old Engl. and Sc. poetry, and the usual epithet of a knight.

Kesten, v. S. to cast in prison, or to overthrow, 81, 1785 (used passively). Casten, cast, throw, 2101. Keste, pa. t. cast, 2449. Keste, part. pa. cast, placed, 2611; [or it may be the infin. mood.]

Keuel, n. S. a gag, 547. See Kevel in Hall., Kewl in. Jam. A.S. cæfli, a halter, headstall.

Kid, part. pa. S. made known, discovered, 1060. Sir Tr. p. 150; R. Br.; Yw. and Gaw. 530; Minot, p. 4; Chauc. From cýþan, notum facere.

Kin, Kyn, n. S. kindred, 393, 414, 2045.

Kines, n. S. gen. c. kind, 861, 1140, 2691. None kines = of no kind; neuere kines = of never a kind.

Kinneriche. See Cunnriche.

Kippe, v. S. [cépan] to take up hastily, 894. Kipt, Kipte, pa. t. snatched up, 1050, 2407, 2638.

K. Horn, 1208.

Rob. Glouc. p. 125.

Kept up, snatcht up, Gl. R. Br. Jamieson derives the word from Su.-G. kippa, to take anything violently. V. in v. Kip. Ihre quotes the Icel. kipti up = snatched up.

Kirke, n. S. church, 1132, 1355. Kirkes, pl. 2583. V. Gl. Lynds. and Jam.

Kiste. See Chiste.

Kiste, pa. t. s. kissed, 1279. Kisten, pa. t. pl. S. kissed, 2162.

Kiwing, n. 1736. [Respecting this word I can only record my conviction that it is not safe to quote it, as the MS. is indistinct. I read the word as kilþing, which I believe to be merely miswritten for ilk þing (which the scribe also spells il þing), and I suppose the sense of the line to be— “when they had there distributed everything.”]

Knaue, n. S. lad, 308, 409, 450, &c. Attendant, servant, 458. Cokes knaue, scullion, 1123.

Laȝam. l. 13717.

V. Jam. in v. Gl. Lynds. and Gl. Todd’s Illustr. Chauc.

Knawe, v. S. to know, 2785. Knawe, pr. t. pl. know, 2207. Kneu, pa. t. knew, 2468. Knawed, part. pa. known, 2057.

Knicth, Knith, n. S. knight, 77, 343, &c. Knictes, pl. 239. Knithes, 1068. Knihtes, 2706.

Kok, n. a cook, 873, 180, 891, 903, 921, 2898. See Cok.

Komen, v. S. to come, 1001. Comes, Cometh, imp, pl. come ye, 1798, 1885, 2247. Kam, pa. t. came, 766, 863. Kom, 1309. Cam, 2622. Komen, pa. t, pl. came, 1012, 1202. Comen, 2790. Keme, 1208. Comen, part. pa. come, 1714.

Kope, n. Lat. cope, 429. Copes, pl. 1957.

Koren, n. S. corn, 1879.

Kouel. See Couel.

Kouþen. See Couþe.

Kradel-barnes, n. pl. S. children in the cradle, 1912.

Kraken, v. S. to crack, break, 914. Krake, 1857. Crake, 1908. Crakede, pa. t. cracked, broke, 568. Kraked, part. pa. 1238.

Krike, n. S. creek, 708.

Kunne. See Canst.

Kuneriche, Kunerike, Kunrik. See Cunnriche.

Kyne-merk, n. S. mark or sign of royalty, 604. In the same manner are compounded cine-helm, cine-stol, &c.

Laȝam. l. 19098.

Emare, 502.

L

Lac, n. S. fault, reproach, 191, 2219. Yw. and Gaw. 264, 1133. Lak, R. Br., Rom. of Merlin, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. I. p. 252. Sir Orpheo, 421. Lakke, P. Plowm. Chauc. So in Sc. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds. v. Lak, Lack.

Ladde, n. S. lad, 1786. Ladden, pl. 1038. Laddes, 1015, &c. A term subsequently applied to persons of low condition. “When laddes weddeth leuedis—” Prophecy of Tho. of Essedoune, MS. Harl. 2253, f. 127.

Large, adj. Fr. Lat. liberal, bountiful, 97, 2941. R. Gl. Yw. and Gaw. 865. Sir Orpheo, 27. Sevyn Sages, 1251. Chauc.

Late, v. S. [lǽtan] pres. subj. let, suffer, 486. Late, pr. t. let, permit, 1741. Late, imp. let, suffer, 17, 1376, 2422. Leth, pa. t. let, suffered, 2651; caused, 252. Late, part. pa. or inf. put, 2611.

Laten, v. S. [lǽtan] to leave, 328. Late be, imp. leave, relinquish, 1265; inf. 1657. Let, pa. t. left, 2062. Laten, part. pa. left, abated, 240, 1925.

Lath, n. S. injury, 76. Lathe, 2718, 2976.

Lauhwinde, part. pr. S. laughing, 946.

Laute, pa. t. S. [læccan, læhte] received, took, 744. Lauthe, 1673. Lauth, part. pa. received, taken, 1988. I-lahte, Laȝam. l. 29260.

K. Horn (ed. Lumby), 243.

Laght, Yw. and Gaw. 2025. Laught, K. Alisaund. 685, 1109. Lauht, R. Br. (See Hearne’s blundering Gl. in voc.) Rits. A. S. p. 46. Laucht, Wall. ix. 1964.

Laumprei, n. S. lamprey, 771. Laumprees, pl. 897.

Lawe, Lowe, adj. S. low, 2431, 2471, 2767, &c.

Lax, n. S. [læx] salmon, 754, 1727. Laxes, pl. 896. V. Spelm. and Somn. in v. Jamieson says, it was “formerly the only name by which this fish was known.” Cf. Dan. Sw. Icel. lax.

Layke, v. S. [lácan] to play, 1011. Leyke, Leyken, 469, 950, 997. Leykeden, pa. t. pl. played, 954. In the same sense the verb is found in P. Plowman, and Sevyn Sages, 1212. So in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam. v. Laik, Ray, Brockett, and Crav. Dial. v. Lake.

Leche, n. S. physician, 1836, 2057.

Led, a caldron, kettle, 924. Chauc. Prol. 202.

Lede, Leden, v. S. to lead, 245, &c; utlede, 89. Cf. 346, 379. Ledes, pr. t. 3 p. uses, carries, 2573. Ledde, pa. t. led, 1686. Ledden, pa. t. pl. led, 2451.

Lef, adj. S. agreeable, willing, lef and loth, 261, 440, 2273, 2313, 2379, 2775. A very usual phrase. See Beowulf, l. 1026. Chauc. C. T. 1839. R. Hood, I. 41. Leue, 431, 909. Sir Tr. p. 187. K. Horn, 949, &c. Leuere, comp. more agreeable, rather, 1193, 1423, 1671, &c. Lef, used as adv. willingly, in the phrase “Ye! lef, ye!” = yes, willingly, yes, 2606; cf. l. 1888.

Leidest. See Leyn.

Leite, adj. S. light, 2441.

Leme, n. S. limb, 2555. Lime, 1409. Limes, pl. 86.

Leman, n. S. mistress, lover, 1191. Lemman, 1283, 1312, 1322. Used by all the old writers, and applied equally to either sex.

Lende, v. S. to land, 733. Sir Tr. p. 13. R. Br. See Jam. in v. Leind.

Lene, v. S. [leanian] to lend, grant, 2072.

Yw. and Gaw. 737.

Lenge, n. the fish called ling, 832. [Asellus longus, or Islandicus, Ray.] It was a common dish formerly. Thus we have Lynge in jelly, in Archb. Nevil’s Feast, 6 Edw. IV., and Lyng in foyle, in Warham’s Feast, 1504. See Pegge’s Form of Cury, p. 177, 184, and MS. Sloane, 1986.

Lenge, v. S. to prolong, 1734, 2363. P. Plowm.

Leoun, n. Lat. lion, 573. Leun, 1867.

Lepe, v. S. escape from (?) 2009. Loupe, to leap, 1801. Lep, pa. t. leapt, 891, 1777, 1942. Lopen, pa. t. pl. 1896, 2616.

Lere, Leren, v. S. to learn, 797, 823; to teach, 2592. Y-lere, 12.

Lese, v. S. imp. s. 3 p. loose, 333. Sir Tr. p. 110.

Leth. See Late.

Lette, v. S. [lǽtan, lettan] to hinder, retard, 1164, 2253, 2819; to stop, cease, 2445, 2627. Let, pa. t. stopped, stayed, 2447, 2500. Leten, pa. t. pl. stopped, delayed, 2379.

Leue, n. S. leave, 1387, 1626, 2952, &c.

Leue, adj. See Lef.

Leue, v. S. [lýfan] imp. s. grant, 334, 406, 2807. K. Horn, 465, MS.; R. Gl., Erle of Tol. 365. Guy of Warw. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 77, where it is misprinted lene. It is very frequently used in the old Engl. Metrical Lives of the Saints, MS. Laud, 108. [The true distinction between leue and lene is, that the former is the A.S. lýfan, G. erlauben = grant in the sense of allow, permit, and is invariably intransitive; whilst lene is the A.S. lænan, G. leihen = grant in the sense of give. The confusion between the senses of grant has led to confusion between lene and leue, and in at least five passages of Chaucer (C. T. 7226, 13613; Tro. ii. 1212, iii. 56, v. 1749, ed. Tyrwhitt) many editions wrongly have lene. In the last three instances Tyrwhitt rightly prints leve, but unnecessarily corrects himself in his Glossary. I regret to add that I have thrice made a similar mistake. In Piers Plowman, A. v. 263, and in Pierce the Ploughman’s Crede, ll. 366 and 573, for lene read leue. Halliwell’s remark, that “the [former] editor of Havelok absurdly prints leue” is founded upon the same misconception, and he is wrong in his censure. See the use of lefe in the Ormulum, ed. White.]

Leued, pa. t. S. left, 225.

Leuedi, n. S. lady, 171, &c. Leuedyes, pl. 239. V. Hickes, Diss. Ep. p. 52, n.

Leuere. See Lef.

Leues, pr. t. 3 p. S. believes, 1781, 2105. From lefan.

Leuin, n. S. lightning, 2690. R. Br. p. 174. Yw. and Gaw. Chauc. C. T. 5858. Doug. Virg. 200, 53.

Lewe, adj. S. warm, 498, 2921.

Laȝam. l. 27556.

Leyd, Leyde. See Leyn.

Leye, n. S. lie, falsehood, 2117.

Leve, v. S. to lie, speak false, 2010.

Leyke, Leyken. See Layke.

Leyk, n. S. game, 1021, 2326. So in Beowulf, l. 2084, sweorda-gelác, and Sir Tr. p. 118, love-laike. In the pl. laykes, Minot, p. 10. In Lanc. a player is still called a laker.

Leyn, v. S. to lay, 718. Leyde, pa. t. laid, 50, 994, &c.; stopped, 229. Leidest, pa. t. 2 p. laidest, 636. Leyden, pa. t. pl. laid, 1907. Leyd, part. pa. laid, 1689, 1722, 2839.

Lich, adj. like, 2155.

Lict, Lith, n. S. light, 534, 576, 588, &c.

Lift, adj. S. left (lævus), 2130.

Ligge, Liggen, v. S. to lie down, 802, 876, 882, 1374. See Lyen.

Lime, Limes. See Leme.

Lite, adj. S. little, 276, 1730. Litel, 1858, &c. Litle, 2014.

Lith. See Lict.

Lith, imp. S. light (thou), 585.

Lith, adv. S. lightly, 1942.

Lith, n. S. alleviation, comfort, peace, 1338. Lyþe, 147. It also occurs as a sb. in Laȝam. l. 5213. As an adj. it occurs in Laȝam. l. 7242. Sir Tr. p. 43, 82. R. Cœur de L. 2480, and Emare, 348, from the v. líðian, alleviare. Cf. Icel. lið, sometimes used to mean help. See Leathe in Atkinson’s Cleveland Glossary.

Lith, n. S. 2515. This word is explained by Ritson plains, by Hearne tenements, and by Jamieson a ridge or ascent. Its real signification seems unknown, but may be conjectured from the following passages.

Sir Tristr. p. 101.

R. Brunne, p. 194.

where it answers to the Fr. Ne volent lesser tere ne tenement.

Le Bone Flor. 841.

Sir Gaw. and Sir Gal. ii. 27.

[See Glossary to William of Palerne, s.v. Lud.]

Lithes, n. pl. S. the extreme points of the toes, or articulations, 2163. Fingres lith, extremum digiti, Luc. 16, 24.

Liþes, imp. pl. S. listen, 1400, 2204. Lyþes, 2576. The verb in the Sax. is hlystan, but in Su.-G. lyda, and Isl. hlyda, which approaches nearer to the form in the poem. So also in K. Horn, 2, wilen lithe, MS.; R. Br. p. 93; R. Hood, I. p. 2; Minot, p. 1. Still used in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam. and Brockett.

Littene, part. pa. [or inf.?] 2701. “Qu. cut in pieces, from the same root as to lith, divide the joints. V. Jam. Suppl.” —M. [Or it may mean disgraced, wounded, defeated. Cf. Su.-Goth. lyta, to wound; Icel. lyta, to disgrace; Sw. lyte, a defect, litt, deformed; Dan. lyde, a blemish.]

Liue, n. S. dat. c. life, 232; brouth of liue, dead, 513, 2129. K. Horn, 188. Of liue do, kill, 1805. Liues, gen. c. as adv. alive, 509, 1003, 1307, 1919, 2854. See On-liue.

Liuen, v. S. to live, 355. Liuede, Liueden, pa. t. pl. lived, 1299, 2044.

Lof, n. S. loaf, 653.

Loke, Loken, v. S. to look after, take care of, to behold, 376, 2136. Lokes, pr. t. 2 p. lookest, 2726. Loke, imp. look, 1680, 1712. Lokes, imp. pl. look ye, 2240, 2292, 2300, 2579, 2812. Lokede, pa. t. looked, 679, 1041.

Loken, Lokene, part. pa. S. fastened, locked, closed, 429, 1957. So in the Const. Othonis, Tit. de habitu Clericorum; “In mensura decenti habeant vestes, et cappis clausis utuntur in sacris ordinibus constituti.” V. Spelm. in v. Cappa clausa. So also in the Ancren Riwle, fol. 17— “gif he haues a wid hod and a lokin cape, &c.”

The reference to the Ancren Riwle is to MS. Titus D 18, fol. 17; cf. the edition by Morton (Camd. Soc. 1853), p. 56.

Lond, Londe, n. S. land, 64, 721, &c. Lon, 340.

Long, adj. S. tall, 987, 1063. So K. Horn, 100.

Longes, pr. t. 3 p. S. belongs, 396. R. Br., Chauc., &c.

Lopen. See Lepe.

Loth, adj. S. loath, unwilling, 261, 440, &c. See Lef.

Louede, pa. t. S. loved, 71. Loueden, pa. t. pl. 955.

Louerd, n. S. lord, master, 96, 483, &c. Lowerd, 621.

Louerdinges, n. pl. S. lordings, masters, 515, 1401. See Note in Warton’s Hist. Engl. Poet. V. I. p. 19. Ed. 1840.

Loupe. See Lepe.

Low, pa. t. S. laughed, 903. K. Horn, 1502. Lowen, pa. t. pl. 1056.

Lowe, n. S. [hlæw] hill, 1291, 1699. Rits. M. R., Web., &c. V. Jam. and Brockett’s Gl. v. Lawe.

Luue, n. S. love, 195. [Luue-drurye seems here to be a compound word, meaning love-courtship. Lufe-drowrie also = love-token, Lyndesay’s Sq. Meldrum, 1003. See Drurye.]

Lyen, v. S. to lie (in bed), 2134. Leyen, pt. pl. lay, 475.

Lyþe. See Lith.

M

Maght, Mait. See Mowe.

Make, n. S. mate, companion, wife, 1150. K. Horn, 1427. K. Alisaund. 3314. Le Bone Flor. 881. Chauc. Sc. Maik. V. Jam.

Maken, v. S. to make, 29, &c. Make, 676. Makeden, pa. t. pl. made, 554. I-maked, part. pa. made, 5.

Male, n. Fr. a budget, bag, wallet, 48. Laȝamon, l. 3543. Web., Chauc., R. Hood.

Malisun, n. Fr. malediction, curse, 426. Sir Tr. p. 179.

Manred, Manrede, n. S. homage, fealty, 484, 2172, 2180, 2248, 2265, 2312, 2774, 2816, 2847, 2850. Leg. of S. Gregori, ap. Leyd. Compl. of Scotl. See Jam. for further examples.

Marz, n. Lat. March, 2559.

Maugre, Fr. in spite of, 1128, 1789. See Tyrwh. Gl. to Chauc. and Jam. in v.

Maydnes, n. pl. S. maidens, 467, 2222.

Mayster, n. Fr. master, 1135; chief, 2028, 2385.

Mayt, Mayth. See Mowe.

Mede, n. S. reward, 102, 685, 1635, 2402.

Mele, n. S. oat-meal, 780.

Mele, v. Fr. to contend in battle, 2059. Gaw. and Gol. ii. 18. Mellay, Wynt. viii. 15, 19. V. Jam.

Meme, 2201, probably miswritten for neme; see Nime.

Men (used with a sing. vb. like the Fr. on), men, people, 390, 647, 2610.

Mene, v. S. to mean, signify, 2114. Menes, pr. t. 3 p. means, 597.

Menie, n. Fr. family, 827. Meynie, 834. This word is to be found from the time of Laȝamon to Shakespeare. Jamieson attempts to derive it from the North. V. in v. Menzie. See maisnie in Roquefort.

Mere, n. S. mare, 2449, 2478, 2504.

Messe, n. Fr. Lat. the service of the mass, 243, 1176. Messe-bok, mass-book, 186, 391, 2710. Messe-gere, all the apparel, &c., pertaining to the service of the mass, 188, 389, 1078, 2217.

Mest, adj. sup. S. greatest, 233. Moste, 1287; tallest, 983.

Mester, n. Fr. trade, 823. K. Horn (ed. Lumby), 229.

Met, pp. S. dreamt, 1285.

Mete, n. S. meat, 459, &c. Metes, pl. 1733.

Meynie. See Menie.

Michel, adj. S. much, 510, 660. Mik, 2342. Mike, 960 (cf. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. V. 3, 292), 1744, 1761, 2336. Mikel, 122, 478, &c.

Micte, Micten, Micthe, Mithe, Mithest, Mithen. See Mowe.

Micth, n. S. might, power, 35.

Middelerd, n. S. the earth, world, 2244. Middelærd, Laȝam., Rits., Web., R. Gl., Minot, &c. So in Sc. V. Jam.

Mik, Mike, Mikel. See Michel.

Milce, n. S. [mildse] mercy, 1361. A! me do þine milce, Laȝam. l. 4681; R. Gl. It is usually coupled with ore.

Milne-hous. See Hus.

Mirke, adj. S. dark, 404. R. Br., Lynds.; merke, Chauc. Still used in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam.

Misdede, pa. t. S. did amiss, 337; injured, 992, 1371. Misdo, part. pa. misdone, offended, 2798.

Misferde, pa. t. S. behaved, or proceeded ill, 1869. See Faren.

Misgos, pr. t. 2 p. S. goest or behavest amiss, 2707.

Misseyd, part. pa. S. spoken to reproachfully, 1688.

Mithe, Mythe, v. S. [miðan] to conceal, hide, dissemble, 652, 948, 1278. Sche might no lenger mithe. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 310.

Mixed, adj. vile, base, 2533. From S. myx, fimus. Cf. Mix in William of Palerne.

Mo, adj. comp. S. more, 1742, 1846.

Mod, n. S. mood, humour, 1703.

Moder, n. S. mother, 974, 1388, &c.

Mone, n. S. moon, 373, 403.

Mone, n. S. mind, say, opinion, 816. Cf. A.S. myne, monian, monung; Icel. munr. Hence, to mone, to relate, R. Cœur de L. 4636, and to animadvert, in Barbour. It appears to express the Fr. phrase par le mien escient, K. Horn, 467, MS. Douce. In nearly the same sense mone may be found in K. Alisaund. 1281, R. Gl. pp. 281, 293. Cf. ll. 1711, 1972.

Mone, v. pl. [Isl. mun] must, 840. Maun, Sc. Mun, Yorksh. Cumb. V. Jam.

Morwen, n. S. morning, 811, 1131, 2669, &c. To-morwen, 530, 810. Amorwe, Sir Tr., K. Horn.

Moste. See Mest.

Mote, v. S. may, 19, 406, 1743, 2545. Moten, pl. 18.

Moun. See Mowe.

Mowe, v. S. pres. sing. may, be able, 175, 394, 675. Mowen, pl. 11. Moun, 460, 2587. Mait, pr. t. 2 p. mayest, 689. Mayt, 845, 852, 1219. Mayth, 641. Maght, pa. t. 2 p. s. mightest, 1348. Mithe, Mithest, 855, 1218. Micte, Micthe, Mithe, pa. t. 3 p. might, 42, 233, 1030, 1080. Mouchte, Moucte, Moucthe, Mouthe, Mowcte, 145, 356, 376, &c. Micte, Micten, Mithen, pl. 232, 516, 1929, 2017. Mouhte, Mouthe, Mouthen, 1183, 2019, 2039, 2328, 2330, &c. V. Pegge’s Anecd. of Engl. Lang. p. iii.

N

Na, adv. S. no, 2363, 2530.

Nam. See Nime.

Nayles, n. pl. S. nails, 2163.

Ne, adv. S. nor, 44, &c.

Nede, n. S. need, necessity, 9, &c. Nedes, pl. 1092.

Neme. See Nime.

Ner, adv. S. near, 990, 1949.

Nese, n. S. nose, 2450.

Nesh, adj. S. [nesc] soft, tender, 2743. Neys, 217. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., Chauc. Still used in N.W. part of England.

Neth, n. S. net, 752, 808, 1026; pl. netes, 783.

Neth, n. S. neat, cattle, 700, 1222. Netes, g. c. neat’s, 781.

Neþeles, conj. S. nevertheless, 1108, 1658.

Neue, n. S. fist, 2405. Neues, pl. 1917. V. Jam.

Neure, adv. S. not, never, 80, 672; neuere a polk, ne’er a pool, 2685. Neuere kines, of no kind, 2691.

Ney. adv. nigh, near to, nearly, 464, 640, 2619.

Neys. See Nesh.

Neyþer, Neþe, pron. S. neither, not either, 458, 764, 2970, &c. Noþer, 2623. Noyþer, 2697.

Newhen, v. S. [nehwan] to approach, 1866. In the more recent form to neigh it is used in several of the old Romances, Chauc., and Minot.

Nicht, Nicth, n. S. night, 533, 575. Niht, 2669. Nith, 404, 1247, 1754. Nithes, g. c. of night, 2100. Nihtes, nithes, pl. 2353; nihtes, 2999.

Nime, v. S. pr. s. take, or go, 1931. Nim, imp. take, 1336. Nam, pa. t. took, 900; went, 2930. Neme, pl. went, 1207; cf. l. 2201. Nomen, took, 2790. Nomen, Numen, part. pa. taken, 2265, 2581. Nimes, imp. pl. go ye, 2594; nime, go we, 2600. In the first sense this verb is common in all the Glossaries, but in the latter sense To go it occurs nowhere but in the Gl. to Rob. Brunne, who, from being a Lincolnshire man, approaches nearer to the language of the present poem than any other writer. [In N.E. to nim is to walk with quick, short steps.]

Nis, for Ne is, is not, 462, 1998, 2244.

Nither-tale, n. S. night-time, 2025. See Chaucer, Prol. l. 97.

Noblelike, adv. S. nobly, 2640.

Nok, n. [Belg. nock] nook, corner, 820; nouth a ferthinges nok, not the value of a farthing. The same phr. is in the Manuel des Pechés of Rob. of Brunne, MS. Harl. 1701, fol. 39.

Nomen. See Nime.

Non, adj. S. no, 518, 685, 1019; no one, 934, 974.

Note, n. S. a nut, 419. Nouthe, 1332.

Noþer. See Neyþer.

Nou, adv. S. now, 328, 1362, &c. Nu, 2421, 2460, 2650, &c.

Nout, Nouth, Nouht, n. or adv. S. not, naught, nothing, not at all, 249, 505, 566, 648, 1733, 2051, 2822. Nowt, Nowth, 770, 2168, 2737.

Nouthe. See Note.

Noyþer. See Neyþer.

Nu. See Nou.

Numen. See Nime.

Nytte. v. S. make use of, require for use, 941. A.S. nyttian, neotan, G. nützen, Du. nutten.

O

O. See On.

Of, prep. S. off, 130, 216, 603, 857, 1850, 2444, 2626, 2676, 2751, &c. Of londe, out of the land, 2599. Sir Tr.

Offe, prep. S. of, 435. Of, 436.

Offrende, Dan. Fr. offering, 1386.

Ofte, adv. S. often, 226, &c.

Ok. See Ek.

On, adj. S. one, 425, 1800, 2028, 2263, &c.

On, in But on. See But.

On, prep. S. in, on. On liue, 281, 363, 694, 793 &c. O liue, 2865. On two, 471, 1823, 2730, in two; a two, 1413, 2643. O londe, 763, on, or in land. On knes, 1211, 1302, 2710, on knees; o knes, 2252, 2796. On brenne, 1239, in flame, on fire. O nith, 1251, in the night. On nithes, 2048. O worde, 1349, in the world (see Werd). O mani wise, 1713, in many a manner. On gamen, 1716, in sport. On lesse hwile, 1830, in less time. O bok, 2307, 2311, on the book. Wel o bon, 2355, 2525, 2571, strong of body. Iuele o bone, 2505, lean. On hunting, 2382. O stede, 2549, on steed. Up-o the dogges, 2596, on the dogs. From these examples, added to those which occur in every Glossary, it is evident the Sax. prep. On was subsequently corrupted to O and A. See Tyrwh. and Jam. A nycht in Barb. xix. 657, explained by the latter one night, is according to the above rule In the night, as confirmed by l. 1251. Sir Tr. pp. 47, 114. R. Glouc.

One, adj. S. alone, singly, 815, 936, 1153, 1710, 1742, 1973, 2433.

K. Horn, 80.

See Tyrwh. Gl., Chauc. v. On.

Ones, adv. S. once, 1295.

Onfrest, v. delay, 1337. From Su.-G. fresta, to delay, A.S. firstan, from Su.-Goth. frest or frist, A.S. fyrst, a space of time. Cf. Dan. and Sw. first, a truce. Frest, delay, Barb. vii. 447.

Onlepi. See Anilepi.

Onne, prep. S. on, 347, 1940.

Onon, adv. S. anon, speedily, 136, 447, 1964, 2790.

Ontil, prep. S. unto, for, 761.

Or, adv. S. previously, before, 728, 1043, 1356, 1688, &c. Or outh longe, 1789, before any long time.

Ore, n. S. favour, grace, mercy, 153, 211, 2443, 2797. Ich hadde of hire milse an ore. Hule and Nihtingale, l. 1081. Sir Tr. p. 24. K. Horn (ed. Lumby), 1509. See Tyrwhitt’s Note on Chauc. C. T. 3724, and Ritson’s Note, Metr. Rom. V. iii. p. 263. A.S. ár.

Ore, n. S. oar, 718, 1871, &c. Ores, pl. 711.

Osed for Hosed, 971.

Oth, n. S. oath, 2009, 2272, &c. Oþes, pl. 2013, 2231, &c.

Oþe for Oþer, 861, 1986, 2970.

Oþer, conj. S. either, or, 94, 674, 787, &c. See Ayther.

Oþer, adj. S. [alter] the other of two, second, 879. þe oþer day, 1755, the following day.