Volume 3 / Book 18 — INDEX. (continued 2)
William Robson translation
Nicea, possessed by the Mussulmans, i. 33.
The sultan of, defeats the Crusaders, i. 75.
Nicephoras Phocas heads the Greeks, and captures Antioch, i. 13.
His assassination, i. 14, i. 36.
Nicetas, his account of the sacking of Constantinople by the Latins, ii. 133-137.
His history of the contests between the Greeks and the Latins, ii. 174, ii. 175.
Fragment from, iii. 435.
Nicholas IV., Pope, attempts to revive a fresh crusade against the East, iii. 93.
Nicopolis, the modern name of Emmaüs, i. 201.
Nile, battles on the banks of the, ii. 243.
Mouth of, filled with heaps of stones, ii. 485.
Nissa assailed by the Crusaders, i. 65, i. 66.
Nobility, historical notices of, iii. 278 et seq.
Normans join in the crusades, i. 82.
Northampton, a council held at, for aiding the second crusade of Louis IX., iii. 29.
Nosaïris, sect of the, iii. 428.
Noureddin, son of Zenguis, and sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, defeats and slaughters the Christians of Edessa, i. 326, i. 327.
Threatens Jerusalem, i. 328.
Extensive power of, i. 361, i. 396.
His conquests, i. 379.
Heroic character and benevolent sentiments of, i. 383-385.
His warlike preparations against Egypt, i. 389.
Conquers Egypt, and deposes the caliph, i. 396.
His death, i. 399.
Novagero, his eulogies on Leo X., iii. 204.
O.
Octaï, khan of the Tartars, ii. 321.
His extensive conquests, ii. 322.
——, chief of the Mamelukes, anecdote of, ii. 442.
Oderic Vital, the chronicler, i. 41 n., i. 82, i. 250 n. et passim.
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, i. 83.
Odoacer, marquis of Syria, i. 338.
“Old Man of the Mountain,” i. 304-306.
His singular message to Louis IX., ii. 467.
Visit to the court of, ii. 468.
Origin and history of his party, iii. 413 et seq. (App.).
Curious letter of, iii. 434.
Oleron, rolls of, established, iii. 324.
Olives, Mount of, i. 21, i. 214.
Olivia, bishop of Paderborn, ii. 233 and n.
Omar, Caliph, captures Jerusalem, i. 6.
Mosque of, wealth found in the, i. 224, i. 229.
Ommiades, dynasty of the, i. 8; iii. 414.
Ordeal by fire, i. 193.
Ordeals during the middle ages, iii. 312.
Ores, explanation of, ii. 404.
Oriflamme, or royal standard, i. 354.
Orpin, count of Bourges, i. 249.
Ortock, the Turkish general, conquests of, i. 33.
Otho of Savoy, excommunicated, ii. 209.
Makes war against the pope, ii. 209.
Otranto, captured by the Turks, iii. 189.
Abandoned, iii. 191.
Otto of Frisingen, i. 352.
Ottoman Port, her treaties with France, iii. 488.
Ottoman empire, its origin and history, iii. 120 et seq.
Ottomans, defeated by Tamerlane the Tartar, iii. 132, iii. 133.
Reconquer the provinces overrun by Tamerlane, iii. 133, iii. 134.
Their power under Mahomet II., iii. 144.
Capture Constantinople, and overturn the Greek empire, iii. 156.
See Turks.
Oulagon, commander of the Moguls, iii. 4, 6.
Outtreman, the Jesuit, i. 41 n.
Ozellis, valley of, in Phrygia, i. 106 and n.
Battle of, i. 107-111.
P.
Paganism annihilated by Mohammedanism, i. 5.
State of in the thirteenth century, i. 219; ii. 218-223.
Paladins, the order of, iii. 294.
Palæologus, Michael, his troops recapture Constantinople, iii. 10.
——, John, emperor of Constantinople, his vacillating policy, iii. 123.
——, Constantine, character of, iii. 144, iii. 156 n.
Prepares for the defence of Constantinople, and appeals in vain to western Europe for aid, iii. 145.
His great efforts, iii. 151, iii. 154.
His death, iii. 156.
——, Andrew, sells his claims to the empire of the East, iii. 194.
Palestine, visited by the early Christians, i. 2.
The Crusaders march through the country of, i. 196 et seq.
State of, at the period of the crusades, i. 265, i. 266.
Ravaged by the infidels, devastated by locusts, and visited by an earthquake, i. 291.
Continued hostilities in, i. 292-328.
Victories of Saladin in, i. 425.
Its capital, Jerusalem, taken from the Christians, i. 429.
Ceded to Henry, count of Champagne, i. 501.
——, governed by the successors of Saladin, ii. 3 n.
Civil contests in, previous to the fourth crusade, ii. 4-7.
Agitated and discordant state of, ii. 4-7, ii. 189, ii. 192, ii. 194, ii. 293, ii. 294.
Earthquake and famine in, 189. State of, at the time of the sixth crusade, ii. 225.
Oppressions of the Christians of, ii. 265.
No longer considered a place of blessedness, but of exile, ii. 300, ii. 301.
Subdued by the Carismians and Egyptians, ii. 330.
Distress of the Christians of, ii. 334.
Cities of, fortified by Louis IX., ii. 470, ii. 474.
——, on the Christian cities fortified by Louis IX., iii. 1.
Quarrels among the Christians of, iii. 2, iii. 3.
Among the Saracens, iii. 3.
Alarm of the Christians at the power of the Moguls, iii. 6.
Increasing difficulties of, iii. 11 et seq.
The Christians defeated, and the country laid waste, ib.
Divisions among the Christians, and conquests of the Mamelukes, iii. 69, iii. 85, iii. 89.
Destruction of all the Christian cities along the coast of, iii. 89.
Renewed persecutions of the Christians, iii. 109.
Subjected to the absolute domination of the Turks, iii. 202.
Acts of the council of Naplouse, for reforming the Christians in, iii. 367 (App.).
Pancratius, an Armenian prince, joins the Crusaders, i. 120.
Paphlagouin, the Crusaders pass through, i. 251.
Papyrus Masson, i. 250.
Paris, council of, held in 1188; decree of the, for providing Saladin tenths, iii. 384 (App.).
“Pastors,” the name given to certain Crusaders, ii. 462.
Paul II., Pope, instigates the crusade against the Turks, iii. 179.
Death of, iii. 182.
Paultre, M., memoir of, on the Forest of Saron, iii. 388 (App.).
Pelagius, Cardinal, instigates the prosecution of the sixth crusade, and proceeds to Egypt, ii. 239.
His obstinacy in carrying on the war in Egypt, ii. 256, ii. 257.
Negotiates for peace, ii. 259.
Persia, empire of, torn by intestine wars, i. 4.
Sends an immense army against the Crusaders, i. 157, i. 158;
which marches against the Turks, iii. 182;
and is destroyed, iii. 183.
Sends an embassy to the princes of the West, iii. 231.
Peter the Hermit, character of, i. 40.
His pilgrimage to Jerusalem, i. 41, i. 42.
His different appellations, i. 41 n.
His visit to Pope Urban II., i. 42.
His interview with the patriarch of Jerusalem, and his enthusiasm, ib.
Traverses all Europe to arouse the Christians against the infidels, i. 43.
Attends the council of Clermont, i. 48.
His inciting speech, ib.
Chosen general of the crusade, i. 61.
Introduced to Alexis Comnenus, at Constantinople, i. 68.
Loses his authority, i. 75.
Wretched situation of the remains of Peter’s army, i. 96.
Deserts the camp of the Crusaders, and is retaken, i. 135.
Sent to treat with the Saracen leaders, i. 165.
His speech, ib.
Arouses the enthusiasm of the Christian army by his address, i. 215.
Returns to his own country after the conquest of Jerusalem, i. 247.
Death of, ib. n.
—— of Lusignan, king of Cyprus, proposes a fresh crusade, iii. 113 et seq.
—— of Blois preaches the crusade, i. 442 and n.
—— de Salviac, notices of, i. 246.
Petrarch, an apostle of the holy war, iii. 110.
Pharamia, captured by Baldwin, i. 293.
Pharescour, insurrection of the Mamelukes at, ii. 440.
Philip I., king of France, excommunicated, i. 47.
State of his kingdom, i. 79, i. 80.
—— Augustus, king of France, determines on renewing the holy war, i. 438.
His quarrels with the king of England, i. 440.
Arrives at Palestine, i. 473.
Quits Palestine, and returns to France, i. 485.
His quarrel with Pope Innocent III., ii. 42.
Largely contributes to the sixth crusade, ii. 207.
Death of, ii. 264.
—— III., son of Louis IX., iii. 42, iii. 47.
Returns to France, with the dead bodies of his father, wife, and brother, iii. 53.
—— le Bel of France, takes the cross, iii. 100.
His death, ib.
—— le Long of France, iii. 100.
His death, iii. 102.
——, duke of Burgundy, assembles his nobility at Lille, iii. 169.
Curious festival held, and the enthusiasm of his nobility in favour of a fresh crusade, iii. 160, iii. 161.
—— of Swabia, his address to the French barons, ii. 68.
——, count of Flanders, i. 402. Slain, i. 481.
—— of Valois convokes an assembly at Paris for reviving a fresh crusade, iii. 107.
Compelled to renounce his intentions, iii. 110.
Death of, iii. 112.
Philosophy of the ancients brought from Constantinople, iii. 338.
Phirous betrays the city of Antioch to the Crusaders, i. 147-157.
Murders his brother, i. 153.
Phœnicia, the Crusaders pass through, i. 196.
Richness of, ib.
Phrygia, the country desolated by the sultan of Nice, i. 112.
Physicians, ignorance of, during the middle ages, iii. 336.
Pierre de Dreux engages in the holy war, ii. 216.
Pigeons, letters conveyed by, i. 182 and n.
Pilgrimages, ardour for, to the Holy Land, i. 1, 2.
Interrupted by the Goths, &c., i. 3.
Undertaken by St. Arculphus, St. Antoninus, and Peter the Hermit, i. 7.
By St. Bernard, i. 10.
During the eleventh century, i. 20 et seq.
They assume the character of an armed crusade, i. 54.
Number of, on the termination of the crusades, iii. 248, iii. 349 et seq. (App.).
Pilgrimages of penance by distinguished personages to the Holy Land, &c., i. 24-31.
Pilgrims, hospitals built for the reception of, i. 22, 23.
Kind treatment of, i. 23.
Arrival of, at Jerusalem, i. 269.
Buy off their vows, ii. 298.
Pisans, conquests of the, i. 40.
Aid the Crusaders by their fleets, i. 145, i. 286.
Pius II., Pope, exhorts the Christian states to a crusade against the Turks, iii. 172.
Convokes an assembly at Mantua, ib.
His negotiations with Mahomet II., iii. 173, iii. 174.
His zealous endeavours to resist the advance of the Turks, iii. 174 et seq.
Engages in the crusade, iii. 178;
and dies at Ancona, iii. 179.
Plague in Egypt, ii. 187.
Plaisance, papal council at, i. 44.
Poictiers, count of, his capture and release, ii. 415, ii. 416.
Poitevins, their severe conflicts with the Saracens, ii. 415, ii. 416.
Pons, abbot of Vézelai, preaches in favour of the second crusade, i. 335.
—— de Balasu, death and character of, i. 190.
Popedom, contests for the, i. 84; iii. 125.
Popelicains, religious principles of the, ii. 197.
Popes, increase of their power during the progress of Christianity, i. 39.
Their political pretensions and quarrels, ii. 302, ii. 303, ii. 306, ii. 342, ii. 353; iii. 20, iii. 268.
Their domination during the age of the crusades, iii. 268 et seq.
See Rome.
Portugal submits to Alphonso, i. 375.
The sultan of Egypt’s expedition against, iii. 199.
Pourcelet, Wm., his heroic self-sacrifice, i. 489.
Prester John, notices of, ii. 318.
Printing, instrumental in preserving the literary treasures of the East, iii. 338.
Prodigies, miraculous, seen at Antioch, i. 173, i. 183.
Provençalex, origin of the name, i. 94 n.
Provisions, scarcity and dearness of, i. 134 and n.
Prudhommes, maritime code drawn up by the, iii. 324.
Prussia, paganism of, in the thirteenth century, ii. 218.
Manners and customs of the inhabitants, ii. 219, ii. 220.
Their religious belief, and festivals, ii. 221, ii. 222.
Subdued and converted by the Holy See, ii. 223.
Reflections on the papal crusade against, ii. 309.
Funeral ceremonies of, iii. 455 (App.).
Ptolemaïs, the Crusaders march through the country of, i. 199.
Deceit of the emir of, i. 200.
Besieged and captured by Baldwin, i. 286.
Captured by Saladin, i. 425.
Description of, i. 454; iii. 70, iii. 71.
Besieged by Guy de Lusignan, who is opposed by Saladin, i. 454 et seq.
Retaken by the Christians, i. 481.
Hostilities at, commenced by the Christians, ii. 16.
Possessed by John of Brienne, ii. 196.
Arrival of the sixth crusade at, ii. 224;
of Frederick of Germany, ii. 275.
The commercial capital of Palestine, iii. 1.
Discords between the Venetian and Genoese residents of, iii. 2.
Quarrels between the Mussulmans and the Christians of, iii. 73, iii. 74.
Besieged by the sultan of Cairo, iii. 76 et seq.
Dissensions among the citizens, iii. 80.
After many sanguinary contests the city is captured and destroyed, iii. 85 et seq.
Puy, bishop of, named as the apostolic legate, i. 53.
Death of, i. 179.
Puyset, castle of, i. 313 n.
Q.
Quinze-Vingts, hospital of, ii. 487.
R.
Radnor, the lord of, anecdote of, iii. 408 (App.).
Ralph of Coggershall, his “Chronicon Anglicanum,” iii. 395.
Ramla, city of, besieged and captured by the Saracens, i. 280.
Raoul de Caen, the historian, i. 86 n., i. 163, i. 192, et passim.
—— de Coucy, slain, ii. 408.
Ravendel, capture of, i. 121.
Raymond, count of Thoulouse, engages in the first crusade, i. 52.
Marches at the head of 100,000 Crusaders, i. 88.
Defeats the Turks in Phrygia, i. 111.
Miraculous recovery from illness, i. 115.
Enters Jerusalem by storm, i. 223.
Returns to Constantinople, and receives from the emperor the city of Laodicea, i. 246.
Revisits Jerusalem as a pilgrim, i. 269.
Appointed regent of Jerusalem, i. 407.
His speech against Saladin, i. 417, i. 418.
Suspected of treachery, i. 419, i. 422 n.
Death of, i. 423.
——, the last count of Thoulouse, character and death, ii. 394, ii. 395.
——, count de St. Gilles, one of the leaders of the crusades, i. 87, i. 251, i. 252.
His quarrel with Godfrey, i. 244.
—— of Poictiers, appointed governor of Antioch, i. 312.
His interest in the crusades, i. 361.
Is slain, i. 379.
—— d’Agiles, the historian, i. 88 n., i. 190, et passim.
Raynouard, M., his notes on Hammer’s “Mysterium Baphometi Revelatum”, iii. 494-500.
Redemption, mystery of the, celebrated at Jerusalem, i. 24.
Reformation, first dawnings of the, in Europe, ii. 196, ii. 197.
The Turkish hostilities favourable to its principles, iii. 246.
Relics, veneration for, among the Crusaders, ii. 141, ii. 142.
Religion, sanguinary wars in the name of, ii. 310.
Despotic principles of, noticed, ii. 111, ii. 241 and n.
Mingled with the institutions of the middle age, ii. 111, ii. 295, ii. 299.
Renaud de Chatillon, biographical notices of, i. 403.
Raised by marriage to the throne of Antioch, ib.
Makes war on the emperor of Constantinople, i. 404.
Defeats the Saracens, ib.
His various military adventures, i. 404-415.
Taken prisoner by Saladin, i. 422.
Put to death, i. 424.
Renaudot, M., his description of the Greek fire, iii. 387 (App.).
Rephraim, valley of, i. 213.
Reslans, family of the, iii. 428.
Resurrection, church of the, i. 1.
Rhamnus, the shrub, i. 212.
Rhodes, defended by the knights of St. John, iii. 185.
Besieged by the Turks, iii. 188, iii. 189.
Captured, iii. 213.
Richard I., king of England, his quarrels with the king of France, i. 440, i. 441.
Prepares for the holy war, i. 441 et seq.
Captures Cyprus, i. 475.
Married to Berengaria of Navarre, i. 476.
His arrival before the walls of Ptolemaïs, and his quarrels with Philip of France, i. 476, i. 477.
Defeats Saladin at Arsur, i. 487, i. 488.
Surprised by the Mussulmans, i. 489.
Rebuilds Ascalon, and negotiates with Saladin, i. 491, i. 499.
Marches on Jerusalem, i. 492.
Retreats, i. 497.
His personal exploits, i. 498.
His interview with Aboubeker, i. 498 n.
Enters into a treaty of peace with Saladin, i. 500, i. 501.
Character of, 504; iii. 257.
Detained as a prisoner in Austria and Germany, i. 507.
Returns to England, i. 508.
Death of, ii. 42.
Anecdote of, ii. 43 n.
His adventures in the Holy Land, and his contests with Saladin, iii. 395 et seq. (App.).
Account of his imprisonment in Germany, iii. 405 et seq.
Richard, duke of Cornwall, joins the Crusaders at Ptolemaïs, ii. 295.
Returns to Italy, ii. 296.
——, prince of Salerno, i. 86.
Rinaldo, a leader of the Crusaders, i. 74 and n.
Rion de Loheac, notices of, i. 245 n.
Robert, king of Scotland, pilgrimage of, i. 21.
——, duke of Normandy, father of William the Conqueror, undertakes a penitential pilgrimage, i. 27.
Dies, i. 28.
——, son of William the Conqueror, a leader of the Crusaders, i. 82.
Defeats the Turks in Phrygia, i. 111.
Returns home, and dies in prison, i. 248.
Historical notices of, iii. 357 (App.).
——, count of Flanders, a leader of the Crusaders, i. 83.
Surnamed “The Lance and the Sword,” ib.
Returns to his own country, and is killed by a fall from his horse, i. 247 and n.
——, count of Paris, i. 83.
His reception by Alexius of Constantinople, i. 94.
Mortally wounded, i. 108.
—— de Vair, slain, ii. 408.
—— de Trils, death of, ii. 165.
—— le Frison, count of Flanders, penitential pilgrimage of, i. 27.
Anecdote of his son, i. 56 n.
Robert the Monk, the chronicler, i. 49 n.
Rodolphe, chancellor of Jerusalem, i. 328.
—— de Rhenfield, duke of Swabia, i. 76.
Romances during the period of the middle ages, iii. 342-344.
Romanus-Diogenes, death of, i. 36.
Rome, early pilgrimages to, i. 21.
A second time the capital of the world, i. 39.
Besieged by Frederick II., emperor of Germany, ii. 293.
Agitated state and desolation of, ii. 296.
Its alarm at the threatened invasions of the Turks, iii. 189.
Possessed by the French, iii. 194.
See Popes.
Rosnay, prior of, ii. 409.
Rossi, his speech to the Crusaders, ii. 84.
Rousseau, J. J., his remarks on the Crusaders, ii. 36.
S.
Saadi, the Persian poet, ii. 189 and n.
Sabeans, sect of, i. 4.
Sadoletus, his eloquent exhortation in favour of a crusade against the Turks, iii. 206.
St. Ambrose, pretended revelation of, i. 164.
St. Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux, incites the nations of Christendom to the second crusade, i. 329 et seq.
Miracles imputed to, i. 339 and n.
His great influence, i. 343.
Reproaches against, for the misfortunes of the Crusaders, i. 376, i. 377.
His death and character, i. 380, i. 381.
——, monastery of, i. 22 n.
St. Clair, virgins of, self-mutilated and slaughtered, iii. 86 n.
St. Dominic, order of, its origin, iii. 304.
St. Eusebius, his pilgrimage to the Holy Land, iii. 350.
St. Francis, order of, its origin, iii. 304.
St. George, his miraculous appearance to the Christian army, i. 221.
St. Jerome, his pilgrimage to the Holy Land, iii. 350.
St. John, knights of, i. 281, i. 307.
Heroic devotion of the, i. 308.
Their noble reply to Mahomet II., iii. 186.
Their bravery in the defence of Rhodes, iii. 188, iii. 189.
Driven from Rhodes, 213. Transferred to Malta, iii. 214.
Their brave defence of Malta, iii. 224.
St. Kenelmus, miracles attributed to, iii. 409.
St. Martin, the patron saint of Germany, ii. 31, ii. 32 and n.
St. Paulina, her pilgrimage to the Holy Land, iii. 350.
St. Simeon, port of, i. 140.
Saladin, genius and fortunes of, i. xx.
Account of, i. 397 and n.
Appointed vizier of Egypt, ib.
His character, i. 398.
His wars with the Christians of Syria, i. 401, i. 402 et seq., i. 417 et seq.
Defeats the Christians at Tiberias, i. 418-423.
His barbarous executions of the Christian knights, i. 424.
His further victories, and capture of numerous cities in Palestine, i. 425 et seq.
Besieges and captures Jerusalem, i. 426, i. 429, i. 432.
His victorious career, i. 451 et seq.
Defeats the Crusaders at Ptolemaïs, i. 460, i. 466.
His conflicts with Richard I. and Philip of France, i. 478.
Is defeated by Richard at Arsur, i. 487, i. 488.
Destroys Ascalon by fire, i. 490.
Negotiates with Richard, i. 491, i. 499.
Enters into a treaty of peace, i. 500, i. 501.
Character of, i. 504, i. 505 and n.
His death, i. 508.
Dissolution of his empire, i. 509.
His dominions divided among his successors, ii. 2, ii. 3 and n.
The civil wars thence arising, ii. 4 et seq.
——, letter of, detailing his conquest of Jerusalem, iii. 372 (App.).
Sermon made on the occasion, iii. 376.
His contests with Richard I., iii. 395 et seq., iii. 405.
—— tenths, decree of the council of Paris for raising the, iii. 384 (App.).
Salisbury, earl of, engages in the seventh crusade, ii. 360. Slain, ii. 408.
——, William of, joins Louis IX., ii. 379.
Samosata, city of, i. 123.
Saracens, their fanaticism and bravery, i. 5.
Their conquests, i. 5, i. 6.
Capture Jerusalem, i. 6.
Defeated by Zimisces, i. 15.
Hostile spirit against the, i. 17.
Their contests with the Crusaders before Antioch, i. 158 et seq.
Reply of their general to the deputies of the Crusaders, i. 168.
Their order of battle before Antioch, i. 170.
Defeated by the Crusaders, i. 173, i. 174.
Insults to the Christian army before Jerusalem, i. 214.
Their preparations for resistance, i. 215, i. 216.
Advance from Cairo, i. 237;
and are defeated with great slaughter on the plain of Ascalon, i. 240-242.
Defeat the Christians, i. 291.
Their dynasty almost annihilated, i. 382.
Defeat the Christians at Tiberias with immense slaughter, i. 418-423.
Saracens, defeated by the Crusaders, ii. 18, 29.
Attacked by Louis IX., ii. 383;
and defeated, ii. 403.
Their severe conflicts with Louis, ii. 413 et seq.
Everywhere victorious, ii. 424 et seq.
Capture the king, ii. 428;
and annihilate his army, ii. 429 et seq.
——, divisions among the, iii. 3.
Letter from Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, and others, detailing their victories over them, iii. 362-364 (App.).
Letter from St. Louis respecting them, iii. 461.
Defeated by Edward I. of England, iii. 472.
See Mohammedans.
—— of Africa, invaded by the Christian forces, iii. 117.
Sarepta, taken by the Crusaders, i. 288.
Saron, forest of, memoir on the, iii. 388 (App.).
Satalia, pillaged by the Christian forces, iii. 183.
Sauria, in Phrygia, miseries of the Crusaders in, i. 113.
Scanderberg of Albania defeats the Turks, iii. 178.
Death of, iii. 180.
Scharmesah, in Egypt, captured by the Crusaders, ii. 397.
Sclaves, notices of the, i. 374.
Scete, solitude of, i. 21.
Scurvy, disease of, among the Crusaders, ii. 418 n.
Sefed, besieged and captured by the Mamelukes, iii. 13, iii. 14.
The inhabitants slaughtered, iii. 15.
Seldjouc, Turkish dynasty of the, i. 31, i. 32.
Tribes of, i. 34.
Their military ardour, i. 34, i. 35.
Dynasty of, almost annihilated, i. 382.
Selim ascends the Ottoman throne, iii. 201.
His warlike disposition, iii. 202.
Conquers the king of Persia and the sultan of Egypt, ib.
Succeeded by Soliman, iii. 213.
Selim II. ascends the Ottoman throne, iii. 225.
Semlin, assailed by the Crusaders, i. 64.
Senna, brought from Asia, iii. 336.
Sepulchre. See Holy Sepulchre.
Serfage, under the feudal system, iii. 283, iii. 284, iii. 289 et seq.
Sergines, bravery of, ii. 426.
Serpents of the river Eleuctra, i. 198.
Various names of, i. 199 n.
Sextus IV. implores the aid of Christian Europe against the Turks, iii. 189.
Sibila, city of, captured and burnt, i. 40 and n.
Sibylla, daughter of King Amaury, and wife of Guy de Lusignan, ambition of, i. 413.
Death of, i. 470.
Sicilian vespers, iii. 66.
Sicily, conquered by Henry VI., ii. 20.
Crown of, granted by the pope to Charles, count of Anjou, iii. 21.
Discontents and revolts in, iii. 66.
Sidon surrenders to the Christians, i. 289.
Captured by the Mohammedans, ii. 392.
Surprised by the Turcomans, who slaughter the Christians, ii. 474.
Fortified by Louis IX., ii. 476.
Captured and destroyed by the Saracens, iii. 66.
Sigismund of Hungary, defeated by Bajazet, iii. 128.
Sigur, prince of Norway arrives at Jerusalem, with large forces to assist Baldwin, i. 289.
Silk of the East, i. 11.
Manufacture of, during the middle ages, iii. 328, iii. 329.
Siloë, fountain of, i. 10, i. 209.
Simeon, patriarch of Jerusalem, i. 42.
Sins to be expiated by visiting the Holy Land, ii. 191.
Sirvente, a poem of the Troubadours, iii. 19, iii. 20 n.
Smyrna, pillaged by the Christian forces, iii. 103.
Captured and destroyed by Bajazet, iii. 133.
Sobieski, king of Poland, defeats the Turks at Vienna, iii. 235.
Soliman, the Turkish chief, extensive conquests of, i. 33.
——, the Ottoman sultan, takes possession of Belgrade and Rhodes, iii. 213.
Invades Hungary, and defeats the Hungarians, iii. 214, iii. 215.
Besieges Vienna, iii. 217.
Death of, iii. 224.
Soneidanis, a class of Ismaëlians, iii. 428.
Sophronius, patriarch, death of, i. 6.
Sophia, victory of, iii. 137, iii. 139.
Souliers, family of the, i. 41 n.
Spain, crusades in, i. 375.
War with the Saracens and Moors, ii. 201, ii. 268.
Emancipated from Moorish domination, iii. 243.
State of, and changes in, during the age of the crusades, iii. 264 et seq.
Expels the Moors, iii. 266;
and establishes the Inquisition, iii. 267.
Increase of liberty in, iii. 285.
Spies, Turkish, barbarous treatment of, i. 137.
Statuary destroyed at Constantinople by the Latins, iii. 438-440.
Stellion, serpent so named, i. 199.
Stephen, duke of Burgundy, slain at Ramla, i. 282.
——, count of Blois, a leader of the Crusaders, i. 83.
Letter of, i. 95.
——, count of Chartres, slain at Ramla, i. 282.
—— de Salviac, notices of, i. 246.
Sugar, introduced into Europe during the middle ages, iii. 330.
Suger, prime minister of France, styled the “father of his country”, i. 376.
Death of, and character, i. 380, i. 381.
——, Abbot, i. 330.
His advice to Louis VII., i. 341.
Sunnites, Mohammedan sect of the, iii. 413.
Surnames, on the origin of, ii. 282.
Swabia, royal family of, nearly extinct, iii. 21.
Sweno, king of Denmark, a leader of the Crusaders, i. 133.
Slain, i. 154 and n.
Syria, the cities and territories of, i. 126.
The Crusaders enter, i. 127.
Conquests in, by the Crusaders, i. 183 et seq.
Invade Egypt, i. 390 et seq.
Political state of, at the sixth crusade, ii. 226.
Possessed by the Egyptians and Carismians, ii. 331.
By the sultan of Egypt, ii. 377.
Principal cities captured by the Moguls, iii. 5.
Towns of, destroyed by the Crusaders, iii. 119.
Overrun by Tamerlane, iii. 132.
Geographical details respecting, iii. 485 (App.).
See Palestine.
T.
Tabor, Mount, churches built on, i. 1.
Described, ii. 227.
Attacked by the Crusaders, ib.
Tamerlane, history and extensive conquests of, iii. 132, iii. 133.
Defeats Bajazet at Ancyra, iii. 133.
Tancred “the Brave,” character of, i. 86, i. 87.
His inflexible virtue, i. 96.
Hostile encounter with Baldwin, i. 118, i. 119.
“Tower of”, i. 217 and n.
Enters Jerusalem by storm, i. 222.
Takes possession of Tiberias and various other cities, i. 267.
Attacked by the sultan of Damascus, who is defeated by Godfrey, i. 273.
His quarrel with Baldwin, i. 276, i. 277.
His death and character, i. 290.
Tarenta, remedy for the bite of a, i. 199 n.
Tarentum, principality of, i. 85.
Tarsus, city of, i. 116.
Disputes among the leaders of the Crusaders at, i. 117.
Taken possession of by Baldwin, i. 118.
Tartars, invasions of the, i. 255; ii. 265.
Defeat the Latins, ii. 166, ii. 167.
Their manners and customs, ii. 313.
History and conquests of, ii. 316 et seq., ii. 322, ii. 487; iii. 8, iii. 95, iii. 132.
Government of the, ii. 321.
Capture Bagdad, iii. 4.
Their conquests in Syria, iii. 6.
Beaten and expelled by the Mamelukes, iii. 7.
The pope sends missionaries to them, iii. 94.
Their contests with the Mussulmans revive the hopes of the Christians, ib.
They send ambassadors to the pope, iii. 95.
Conquests of Tamerlane, their great leader, iii. 132, iii. 133.
Tasso, his “Jerusalem delivered”, i. 202 n., i. 205.
His account of the battle of Ascalon, i. 243 n.
His heroes more wonderful than those of Homer, i. 258.
Memoir of his enchanted forest, iii. 388 (App.).
Tatius quits the camp of the Crusaders, i. 135.
Taurus, Mount, sufferings of the Crusaders in passing, i. 126.
Taxation, created on the fall of feudalism, iii. 293.
Temelicus, defeated by the Saracens, i. 14.
Temory, Paul, Archbishop of Colotza, is appointed commander against the Turks, and defeated, iii. 214, iii. 215.
Templars, the, i. 307.
Their devoted bravery, i. 308; ii. 414; iii. 88.
Defeat and slaughter of, i. 415, i. 416.
Their grand master taken prisoner by Saladin, i. 422.
Their conquests and possessions, ii. 9; iii. 98.
Their quarrels with the Hospitallers, ii. 9, ii. 10; iii. 2.
Accusations against, iii. 99.
Hammer’s notes on their apostasy, iii. 494-500 (App.).
Temugin, the Tartar chief, notices of, ii. 317 et seq.
Death of, ii. 321.
Thaher, governor of Aleppo, ii. 3.
Themal, bravery of, i. 13 n.
Theodore, governor of Edessa, i. 121 and n.
Theodosius, column of, at Constantinople, ii. 157 and n.
Theopolis, the ancient name of Antioch, i. 128.
Theriaca, a medicine brought from Antioch, iii. 336.
Thessalonica, possessed by Boniface, ii. 150;
by Baldwin, iii. 160.
Thevet, André, i. 41 n.
Thibault III., count of Champagne, engages in the second crusade, i. 330.
—— IV., count of Champagne, engages in the fifth crusade, ii. 45.
His death and character, ii. 54.
—— V., king of Navarre, engages in the holy war, ii. 286, ii. 290.
Thierri, count of Flanders, i. 359.
Thimariots of Turkey, iii. 240.
Thoron, castle of, besieged, ii. 23-28.
Thrace entered by the Crusaders, i. 67.
Tiberias, taken possession of by Tancred, i. 267.
Captured by Saladin, i. 407.
Battle of, disastrous to the Christians, i. 418-423.
Letter from Saladin, detailing the battle of, iii. 372 (App.).
Togrul-Beg, elected king of the Turks, i. 31.
His victorious career, i. 31, i. 32.
Tolosa, victory of, over the Moors, ii. 201.
Tortosa, successful attack on by the Crusaders, i. 189.
Capture of, i. 254.
Retaken by the Mussulmans, i. 453.
Toucy, Chevalier de, ii. 466.
Tournaments of the middle age, iii. 296.
Tours, council of, for promoting the cause of the Crusaders, ii. 287.
Toutousch, the Turkish general, conquests of, i. 33.
Traconite, the country of, i. 318.
Tripoli, emir of, defeated by the Crusaders, i. 196.
The city of, captured by them, i. 287.
Riches of, i. 288.
Flourishing state of, i. 306.
Besieged by Saladin, i. 453.
Taken by storm, and the Christians slaughtered, iii. 69.
The city destroyed, iii. 70.
Recaptured and burnt by the Crusaders, iii. 119.
Tristan, duke of Nevers, death of, iii. 42.
Troncs, receipts of, in France, for the expenses of the crusades, iii. 473;
and their expenditure, iii. 474 et seq.
Troubadours, songs of, during the middle ages, ii. 306, ii. 307; iii. 342.
Their poetry for the crusades, iii. 452 (App.).
Trouvères during the middle ages, iii. 342.
“True cross,” a piece of, placed in the church of Drontheim, i. 289.
Captured by Saladin, i. 422.
Fragment of it taken from Constantinople, ii. 142 and n.
Tunis, the Crusaders under Louis IX. arrive at, iii. 37.
Historical notices of, iii. 37, iii. 38.
Captured, iii. 39.
Great mortality among the Crusaders at., iii. 41.
Death of Louis IX. at, iii. 46.
A truce concluded, iii. 50.
Turbessel, capture of, i. 121.
Turcoman, the surname of Ezz-Eddin Aybek, governor of Egypt, ii. 445.
Turks, or Turcomans, their victorious and sanguinary career, i. 31 et seq.
Embrace the Mussulman faith, i. 31.
Their social barbarism, i. 37.
Their power at the time of the first crusade, i. 97;
and the contests with them, i. 100 et seq.
Cruel treatment of, by the Crusaders, i. 137.
Their defeat before Antioch, i. 140, i. 141.
Defeat the Crusaders, i. 252, i. 253.
Cause of their victories, i. 255 n.
Their incursions in Palestine, i. 303.
Defeat the Germans, i. 351;
and are beaten by the French, i. 353.
Dynasties of, almost annihilated, i. 382.
Capture Sidon, and slaughter the inhabitants, ii. 474.
——, renewal of the crusades against, attempted, iii. 93.
Their conquest of Asia Minor, iii. 113.
The seat of their empire at Adrianople, ib.
Their origin from the Tartars, iii. 120.
Their history and conquests, iii. 121 et seq.
Their invasion of Greece, iii. 122.
A crusade against, determined on, iii. 125, iii. 126.
Contests with, iii. 127.
Defeated by Tamerlane, iii. 132, iii. 133.
Their barbarities to the Christians, iii. 135.
Besiege Constantinople under Mahomet II., iii. 148 et seq.
Capture it, and annihilate the Greek empire, iii. 156.
Crusades against, undertaken, A. D. 1438-1481, iii. 159.
They penetrate into Hungary, iii. 166.
And are defeated at Belgrade, iii. 167.
Their extensive conquests, iii. 171, iii. 174, iii. 180, iii. 225.
Invade Hungary and different parts of Europe simultaneously, iii. 187-189.
Defeated by the Hungarians, iii. 187.
Besiege Rhodes, iii. 188, iii. 189.
Capture Otranto, ib.
Complete the overthrow of all the rival powers of the East, iii. 203.
Defeat the Hungarians, iii. 215.
Capture Cyprus, iii. 225.
Defeated at the naval battle of Lepanto, iii. 226.
Succours against implored by Pope Alexander VII., and a Christian confederation formed, iii. 233, iii. 234.
Their military power begins to decline, iii. 230, iii. 231, iii. 236.
General review of their conquests, iii. 231 et seq.
Conclude a peace with the Christian forces in Hungary, iii. 234.
Defeated by Sobieski at Vienna, iii. 235.
Causes and history of their decline, iii. 236 et seq.
Their present political position, iii. 244 et seq.
Turks, letter of Bohemond and others, detailing the defeat of the Turks, iii. 360 (App.).
Letter to Pope Urban, detailing the victories of the Crusaders over them, iii. 365.
Tyre, commercial greatness of, i. 300.
Siege and capture of, i. 300, i. 301.
Besieged by Saladin, i. 451.
Its heroic defence, i. 452.
Captured and destroyed by the Saracens, iii. 89.
U.
Universities of Europe during the middle ages, iii. 337, iii. 339.
Urban II., Pope, his interview with Peter the Hermit, i. 42.
Receives the ambassadors of Alexis Comnenus, i. 44.
Convokes a council at Plaisance, i. 45.
At Clermont, i. 46 et seq.
His inciting speech in favour of the crusades, i. 48-50.
—— V. adopts the project of a new crusade, iii. 113.
And convokes a meeting at Avignon, iii. 113-114.
V.
Valeran, bishop of Berytus, ii. 334.
Varangians, account of the, ii. 83 n.
Vaudois, religious principles of the, ii. 197.
Papal crusade against, ii. 199 and n.
Venetians embark for the Holy Land, and destroy the fleet of the Saracens, i. 298.
Enter Jerusalem, i. 299.
Conquer Tyre, i. 301.
Return to Italy, i. 302.
Refinement of the, ii. 182.
Their contests with the Genoese, iii. 2.
Venice forbids intercourse with the Mussulmans, i. 15.
Commercial greatness of, ii. 48.
Dandolo, the doge, ii. 49.
Engages to assist the Crusaders, ii. 50, ii. 51.
Sums advanced by, ii. 53.
Pecuniary exactions of, ii. 59.
Her wealth and greatness, ii. 183, ii. 184.
Her possessions captured by the Turks, iii. 184.
Bajazet II. declares war against, iii. 197.
Her active preparations for defence, iii. 198.
Her commercial ambition, iii. 200.
Hélian’s diatribe against, ib.
Rejoicings at, after the victory of Lepanto, iii. 226.
State of, during the age of the crusades, iii. 263.
Vermandois, Crusaders of the, i. 81.
Vermandois, count de, i. 83.
Led a prisoner to Constantinople, i. 89.
His treatment avenged, i. 90.
His bravery before Antioch, i. 170, i. 174.
Returns to Europe, i. 177.
Dies of his wounds, i. 254.
Vertot, abbé de, the historian, iii. 188.
Victor III., Pope, incites the Christians to take arms against the infidels, i. 39, i. 40.
Vida, the Italian poet, his enthusiasm for the crusades, iii. 203.
Vienna, council of, convoked by Clement V. to promote a crusade, iii. 97.
Besieged by the Turks, iii. 217, iii. 218, iii. 235.
Relieved by Sobieski, king of Poland, ib.
Villehardouin, Geoffrey, marshal of Champagne, ii. 46 and n.
His address to the Venetians, ii. 50, ii. 51 and n.
His history of the contests between the Greeks and Latins, ii. 175.
——, William of, prince of Achaia, engages in the seventh crusade, ii. 379.
Visions and prodigies, reliance of the Crusaders on, i. 192.
Vitri destroyed by Louis VII. of France, i. 330.
Volkmar, a priest, instigates the Crusaders to the greatest cruelties, i. 70.
W.
Walcknaer’s “Itinerary,” i. 3 n., i. 199 n.
Wales, journey through, relating the manners of the inhabitants in the twelfth century, iii. 408 (App.).
Walter the Penniless, general of the Crusaders, i. 62.
——, count of Cæsarea, his accusations against the count of Jaffa, i. 313.
Warna, battle of, iii. 143.
West, Christians of the, aroused against the East, i. xix.; i. 3, i. 20, i. 21.
Institutions of the, in their infancy, i. 36, i. 37.
Enthusiasm in favour of the crusades, i. 54.
Agitated state of the, ii. 195.
Alarm among the Christian nations, at the fall of Constantinople, iii. 159 et seq.
William, king of Sicily, engages in the holy war, i. 453.
—— IX., count of Poictiers, sets out for the East, i. 249 and n.
—— Rufus, duke of Normandy, i. 82.
——, count de Nevers, i. 249.
Defeated by the Turks, i. 253.
——, archbishop of Tyre, preaches in support of the holy war, i. 436, i. 444.
His speech, i. 437, i. 438.
——, viscount de Melun, deserts the camp of the Crusaders, and is retaken, i. 135.
—— de Clermont, bravery of, iii. 80.
Slain, iii. 80, iii. 87.
—— of Malmesbury, the chronicler, iii. 356.
—— of Tyre, the historian, i. 17, i. 41, i. 54, i. 62, i. 65, i. 147 n. et passim.
Wine of Gaza, celebrated, i. 11.
Wolf IX., duke of Bavaria, a leader of the Crusaders, i. 249.
Defeated, i. 253.
Worms, diet at, convoked by Henry VI. of Germany, ii. 13, ii. 14.
Y.
Yemen, a province of Arabia, ii. 3 n.
Yve, son of Hugh de Grandmenil, i. 83.
Z.
Zara, city of, revolts against the domination of Venice, ii. 60.
Siege of, ii. 63.
Zengui, prince of Mossoul, conquests of, i. 306, i. 320.
Attacks the Christian fortresses, i. 315.
Besieges and captures Edessa, i. 321-325.
Assassinated, i. 326.
Zimisces, emperor of the Greeks, i. 14.
Conquests of, i. 15.
His violent death, i. 36.
Zizim, disputes the Turkish empire with Bajazet, and visits Europe, iii. 191.
Joins the Christian crusade against the Turks, iii. 195.
His death, ib.