INDEX

Abbot, Archbishop, and Father Paul, 432 Abbott, Dr., on Bacon and Machiavelli, 228 Absolutism, causes contributing to, 288 impulse given to, by teaching of Machiavelli, 41 inherently present in France, 237-40 and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 121 the old, its most revolutionary act, 275 sanction of, 433 Absolutists, eighteenth century, their care solely for the State, 273 Acta Sanctorum authority on the inception and early growth of the Inquisition, 554 Acton, Lord— Character and characteristics of— Absolutism detested by, xxxi, xxxiv admiration of, for George Eliot and for Gladstone, basis of, xxiii Catholicism of, xii-xiv, xix, xx, xxvii, xxviii; attitude of, to doctrine of Papal Infallibility, xxv, xxvi; reality of his faith, xviii et seq. ideals cherished by, document embodying, xxxviii-ix; need of directing ideals practised by, xxii, xxiv individualistic tendencies of, xxviii intense individuality of, xvi objection of, to doctrine of moral relativity, xxxii, xxxiii personality of, as exhibited in present volume, xii; greatness of, xxii, xxxvii, xxxviii severity of his judgments, xxv, xxvii Literary activity and tastes of— contributions of, to periodicals, light thrown by, on his erudition and critical faculty, ix History of Liberty projected by, xxxv as leader-writer, ix preference of, for matter rather than manner in literature, xxii literary activity, three chief periods in, xii-xiv writings of, planned, xxxv, xxxvi; and completed, ix et passim; why comparatively few, xxxv-vii; qualities in, iv, x, xvi; instance of, xi; the real inspiration of, and of his life, xxi; style of, xxxiv et seq. origin, birth, and environment of, xiv, xviii, xix, xxxiii political errors of, xxviii et seq.; on freedom, xxxi; on Liberalism, xxv, xxx on Stahl, 391 Adams, J.Q., on the Christian faith, 585 denying the influence of the pilgrims on the American Revolution, 584 despondency of, as to American constitution, 579 discriminating between American and French Revolutions, 580 on Hamilton, 582 Adams, the younger, 578 Addison, J., inconsistent ideas of, regarding liberty, 53 Address of the Bishops at Rome, Wiseman's draft, the facts concerning, 444-5; attacks on, of the Patrie, 439, 443, 444, 445; Wiseman's reply, and see Home and Foreign Review Ahrens, cited on national government, 227 Alamanni, forecasting the Huguenot massacres, 109 Albertus Magnus, 557 Albigenses, how dealt with by Montfort, 556 why persecuted, 168 Aldobrandini, Cardinal Hippolyto, see Clement VIII. Alessandria, Cardinal of, Michielli Bonelli, Legate of Pius V. mission of, to Spain, Portugal, and France, 112; his famous companion, 113; his ostensible purpose, its failure, information given to, on the forthcoming massacre, 113-14 after the St. Bartholomew 140 Alfonso, King of Aragon, proscription by, of heretics, 558 Alva, Duke of, Catherine de' Medici's message to, on the massacres, 122 failure of, in the Low Countries, 103 judgment of, on the St. Bartholomew, 124 letter of, on the St. Bartholomew. 108 & note ordered to slay all Huguenot prisoners, 141-2 America, colonists of, opposition of Lords Chatham and Camden to, 55 early settlers in, Catholic and Protestant, contrasted action as to religious liberty, 187 doctrine of rights of man, originated from, 55 United States, democracy in, 64 government, based on Burke's political philosophy, 56; how the value of this foundation was negatived, 56 humour in, 579 national institutions of, attitude to, of Americans of to-day, not that of the founders, 579 place of, in political science, 578 presidency of Monroe, "the era of good feeling," 56 progress of democracy in, 84 religion in, Döllinger on, 339-40 representation in, defect concerning, 579 American Commonwealth The, by James Bryce, review, 575 American Constitution, Hamilton's position regarding, 581; its development due to Marshall, ib. how cemented, 579 government, confederate scheme of, 577 Judge Cooley on, 580 liberty, Judge Cooley on, 580 revolution, the abstract revolution in perfection, 586 no point of comparison between it and the French, 580 not inspired by the beliefs of the Pilgrim Fathers, 584-5 spirit of, 580, 587 Americans, attitude of the best towards politics, 578 Anabaptists, destructive tendency of their teaching, 157, 169, 171, 174, 175, 178, 185; and its effect on Luther, 155 intolerance of, 171-2 views of reformers as to their toleration, 157, 164, 167, 176 Andreæ. Lutheran divine, on the Huguenots, 145 Angelis, de Cardinal, manager of elections to Commission on Dogma, 529 President of Vatican Council, 534 Anglicanism, appreciation of Döllinger for some exponents of, 395 and growth of other sects, 334-7 progress of, 329-32 Anjou, Confession of, on the St. Bartholomew, 107 Anjou, Duke of (see also Henry III.), and the crown of Poland, 105, 120, 144 schemes for marriage of, with Queen Elizabeth, 105 guilt of, for the St. Bartholomew, 110 orders of, for Huguenot massacre in his lands, 119 Annalists, method of, compared with that of scientific historians, 233 Antiquity, authority of State excessive in, 4 of liberty proved by recent historians, 5 Antonelli, Cardinal, advice of, to Bonnechose, 529 discussion of Infallibilty by Vatican Council, denied by, 518-19 on temporal power of Papacy, 414 Apologists for the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 147-8 Apology of Confession of Augsburg on excommunication, 158 Arianism among the Teutonic tribes, 199 suggested, of Petavius, and why, 592 Aristides and democracy, 68 Aristocracy, destruction of, in the Reign of Terror, 262 early eighteenth-century, 273-4 government by, advocated by Pythagoras, 21; government by, danger of, 20 Roman, struggle with plebeians, 13, 14 Aristotle on class interests, 69 estimation of, by Döllinger, 406 Ethics of, democracy condemned by, 71 Politics of, 22, 79; makes concession to democracy, 72 saying of, reflecting the illiberal sentiments of his age, 18 Arles, Council of, and the Count of Toulouse, 565 Arnaud and the saying, "God knows His own," 567 Arnauld, 429 Arnim, Baron, influence of, at Vatican Council, 506 interview of, with Döllinger, 426 Arnold of Brescia, 559 Arragon, constructive science of its people, 557 heresy in (1230), 556; lead of the country in persecution, 557 Artists, method of, compared with that of scientific historians, 233 Ascoli, Cecco d', fate of, 564-5 Ashburton, Lady, 382 Asoka (Buddhist king), first to proclaim and establish representative government, 26 Assassination, see also Murder and Regicide Catherine de' Medici's plan, inspired by member of Council of Trent, 216 expediency of, view of Swedish bishops, 217 as a political weapon, 213-14 religious, considered expedient, 325 the reward of heresy, a doctrine of the Church in Middle Ages, 216 Athenagoras cited, 70 Athenians, character of, 11 Athens, constitution of, rapid decline in career of, 11; revision of, provided for by Solon with good results, 7, 8 democracy of, 66; tyranny manifested by, 12 government by consent superseded government by compulsion, under Solon, 7 laws of, revised by Solon, 6 political equality at, 68 Republic of, causes of ruin of, 70 death of Socrates crowning act of guilt of, 12 reform in, came too late, 12, 13 Aubigné, Merle d', and the charge against the Bordeaux clergy, 127 note Auger, Edmond, S.J., and the Bordeaux massacres, 127 Augsburg, Confession of, axiom concerning importance of, in Luther's system of politics, 159 Apology of, on excommunication, 158 Austria, Concordat in, its failure, 292 opposition to Vatican politics in, and to the Council, 503, 506 policy of repression in, after Waterloo, 283 representation of, on Vatican Council, 509 Austria, Don Juan of, and the victory of Lepanto, 104; effect of, marred by Charles IX., 105 Austrian Empire, nationalities in, 295, 296; why substantial, one of the most perfect States, 298 Austrian power in Italy, effect of, on nationality, 287 rule in Italy, error of, 285 Authorities, use made of, revealing qualities of historians, 235 Authority of the Church questioned through Frohschammer's excommunication, 477-8 Authority, supreme, of the Church, 192; attitude of Home and Foreign Review towards, 482-91 Avaux, D', view of expedient political massacre, 218 Avignon, removal of the Papacy to, 370; strife between, and the Franciscans, 552 Ayamonte, Spanish Ambassador to Paris, 123 Baader, F.X. von, estimate of, by Döllinger and Martensen, 376; work of, 377; father-in-law of Lasaulx, 405 Schelling's coolness to, 381 Babœuf, proclaimer of Communism, 273 Bach, administration of, in Austria, 283 Bacon, Francis, 562 advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48 modern attacks on, 377 on bookish politicians, 575 on St. Thomas Aquinas, 37 influence of Machiavelli on, 228 cited on political justification, 220 Bacon, Sir Nicholas, 44 Baden (1862), nationality in, 295 Baglioni, family of, models for Machiavelli, 212 Bain, T., interpreter of Locke, 220 Ballanche and liberal Catholicism, 588 Ballerini, influence on Döllinger, 387 Balmez, classed as Ultramontane, 451 Baltimore, synod of, and Infallibility, 499 Baluze, 559 Barbarians, the, become instrument of the Church by introducing single system of law, 244 Barberini, Cardinal, on reason for condemning De Thou's History, 147 Baronius, 379, 429; Döllinger's study of, 387 Barrot, O., opposed to universal suffrage, 590 Barrow, Isaac, Döllinger's Roman antidote to, 387 Basel, Church government at, under Œcolampadius, 176 Baudrillart, cited on Machiavelli's universality, 226 Baumgarten, Crusius, on political expediency, 230 works of, esteemed by Döllinger, 381 Baur, Ferdinand, on historical facts, 385 work of, estimated by Döllinger, 381, 404 Bavaria, Catholic stronghold (1572), 103 Baxter, Richard, 416 Bayle, Pierre, cited on Servetus, 185 Bayonne, conference of, massacre of St. Bartholomew the outcome of, 108, 109 & note, 124 Beaconsfield, Earl of, story of, 551; view of Döllinger on, 391 Beauville, bearer to Rome of news of the St. Bartholomew, 132-3 Beccaria, on importance of success as result of action, 223 Belgian revolution, causes united in, 284 Belgium, representation of, on Vatican Council, 507 vigorous growth of municipal liberties in, 38 Bellarmine, Cardinal, deceived by hierarchical fictions, 420 "Bellum Haereticorum pax est Ecclesiae," maxim utilised by Polish bishops, 103 Benedict XIV., Pope, 148 scholarship under, 387 Bennettis, De, appreciated by Döllinger, 387 Bentham, Jeremy, pioneer in abolition of legal abuses, 3 principle of greatest happiness, 223 Berardi, Cardinal, influence of, on Döllinger, 387 proposed announcement of discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council set aside, 518 Bergier, 573 Berlin, 378 Bernard, Brother, 564 Bernays, 432 Besold, followers of Machiavelli denounced by, 225 Beust, Count, on Vatican Council, 503; indifference to, 509 Beza, Theodore, death of Servetus approved by, 185 defence of Calvin, 183 on the Huguenot massacres, on toleration, and on the civil authority over religious crime, 146 on religious assassination, 326 Beziers, siege of, 567 Bianchi, recommended by Döllinger, 387 Bible, inspiration of, 513-15 as sole guide in all things, Luther's principle, 154, 158, 159, 161 Bigamy of the Landgrave of Hesse, how dealt with by Luther, and why, 160 Bilio, Cardinal, junior president of Vatican Council, 534 Biner, apologist of the St. Bartholomew, 148 Biran, Maine de, cited on political expediency, 220 Bishops, the, address to Pius, in preparation for Vatican Council, 494, 499 attitude of, towards Bull Multiplices inter, 520-25 and the Papacy, 511 protesting, charge of sharing Döllinger's views, repudiated by, 538 deception of, at Vatican Council, 518-526 hostility of, harm done by, 531 withdrawal of, from close of Vatican Council, 549 Bismarck, Count, on State participation in Vatican Council, 506 Bizarri, policy of, on Vatican Council, 534 Blanc, Louis, a secret worker for overthrow of Louis Philippe, 92 Blasphemy, reasons for its punishment by the Reformers, 169, 175 Blois, French court at, 112; Coligny at, 1571., 115 Blondel, Döllinger's gratitude to, 393 Blue Laws of Connecticut, 55 Boccaccio, Giovanni, revision of the Decamerone, 215 Boccapaduli, Papal secretary, speech of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 136 Bodin, cited on Il Principe, 218 Bohemia, religious future of, in relation to the case of Hus, 571 Bolingbroke, Lord, slight knowledge of Machiavelli's works, 218 Bologna, University of, 556 Bona, Cardinal, urged suppression of Liber Diurnus, 516 Bonald, and absolute monarchy, 467 and Lamennais's theory, 593 ultramontanism of, 451 Bonelli, Michiel, see Alessandria, Cardinal of Boniface VIII., Pope, Bull of, on supreme spiritual power, 324; vindications of, inspired by Döllinger, 391 Bonnechose, Cardinal, share of, in elections to Commission of Dogma, 529, 532 urged French representation on Vatican Council, 504 Bordeaux, the Huguenot massacres of, 127 Boretius, cited on Frederick the Great and Machiavelli, 229 Borghese, Cardinal, afterwards Paul V., Pope, his knowledge of the planned character of St. Bartholomew, 114 Borgia, compiler of history, 387 family, models for Machiavelli, 212 Francis, S.J., 113 Borromeo, Cardinal, 108 & notes, 108-9 Bossuet, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 47, 429, 434 Defensio feared, 378 indignation of, 148 and the idea of development, 591, 592, 593, 595 on love of country, 20 & note work of, compared to Döllinger, 424 Boucher, 45; on Henry III. of France and reliance on maxims of Il Principe, 215 Bourbon, Cardinal of, unguarded speech of, on coming Huguenot massacre, 111 Etienne de, inquisitor, works of, 558-9 House of, French and Spanish, contests of the Habsburgs with, 275 House of, upholders of supremacy of kingship over people, 47 Bourges, massacre of Huguenots commanded at, by Charles IX. La Chastre's refusal to obey, 115 Boys, Du, defender of the Inquisition, 573 Brandenburg, Albrecht, Margrave of, and the Anabaptists, 157, & see 156 note Brantôme on the death of Elizabeth of Valois, 104 Brescia, Bishop of, see Guala city, centre of historical work, 387 Brewer, intercourse with Döllinger, 402 Brief of Pius IX. to Archbishop of Munich, and attitude of Home and Foreign Review to supreme authority of the Church, 482-491 Brill, the, Dutch maritime victory, its importance, 103 British empire, why substantially one of the most perfect states, 298 Brittany, and the Huguenot massacres, 119 Brixen, Bishop of, on Papal authority, 543 Brosch, on Cardinal Pole and Il Principe, 214 Brougham, Lord, advice to students, 393 Bruce, house of, struggle with house of Plantagenet, 35 Bruno, 430 Bryce, James, The American Commonwealth, review, 575 Bucer, Martin, in favour of persecution, 172-73 Buch, De, 430 Buchanan, 44, 45 Buckeridge, Blondel, Döllinger's Roman antidote to, 387 Buckle, H.T., 589, 590 Bugge, discoveries of, 405 Bull, censure of the Reformation of, 416 Bull of Boniface VIII., on supreme spiritual authority, 324 Bull of Gregory XIII. relating to the Huguenot massacres, 134-45 & note; not admitted into official collections 101 Bull Multiplices inter, of Vatican Council, 520-22 Bullarium Dominicanum, the, referred to by Lea, 563 Bullinger, Heinrich, death of Servetus approved by, 185 cited on persecution, 174-76 Burd, L.A., edition of Machiavelli's Il Principe, introduction to, 212-31; skill as exponent of Machiavelli's political system, 212 text of the Discorsi produced by, 227 Burgundy, refusal of its governors to massacre Huguenots, 118 Burke, Edmund, 580; Döllinger's political model, 393, 417 French Revolution denounced by, 219 on the moral and political as distinct from the merely geographical, 294 on the partition of Poland, 275 on revolution, 587 cited on political oppression in Ireland, 253, note on the rights of mankind, 56 Burning of heretics, Lea's view on, 568 Byzantine despotism, due to combined influence of Church and State, 33 Bzovius, authority on the Inquisition, 554 Cadiz Constitution, 1812., 89; its overthrow the triumph of the restored monarchy of France, 89 Cæsarius of Heisterbach, authority of, distrusts by Lea, 567 Calhoun, J.C., indictment against democracy, 93 Calvin, John, 176, 585 action of, with regard to Servetus, 184; and his defence of the same, 181 attitude of, to the civil power, 179-81 hostility to, of Lutherans, 145 republican views of, 42, 43 system of Church government, 177-79 Calvinism in Germany, 345 Calvinists, English, tolerated by Melanchthon, 170 & note Camden, Lord, cited in disfavour of American taxation, 55 Campanella, ideal society of, 270 Campeggio, Cardinal, commentary of, on Zanchini, 559 Canello, cited on Machiavelli's unpopularity, 226 Canning, G., on the question as to who reigned, George III. or his ministers, 583; his wisdom, 40 Capalti, Cardinal, junior President of Vatican Council, 534 Capecelatro, 412 Capilupi, Camillo, author of Lo Stratagemma di Carlo IX., 129; its bearing on the position of the Cardinal of Lorraine, 130; and others, on Alessandria's information as to forthcoming massacre of Huguenots, 114 family, glorification by, of Charles IX. for the St. Bartholomew, 128 et seq. Hippolyto, Bishop of Fano, support given by, to Charles IX., 128-9 Capito, Wolfgang Fabricius, reformer, 172, 174 Capponi, friend of Döllinger, 420 as federalist, 414 Döllinger's study of, 402 Capuchins, General of, and the Inquisition, 553 Carbonari, supporters of, 284; their impotence, 286 Carcassonne, no Huguenot massacres at, 142 Cardinal Wiseman, 436 Cardinals, approval by, of the St. Bartholomew, 140 opposition of, to Vatican Council, 493 French, and absolute monarchy, 41 Carena, "De Officio S.S. Inquisitionis," valuable matter in, on the Inquisition, 560 Carius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners, 215 Carlstadt, Andreas, polygamy defended by, 159 Carlyle, Thomas, on truth as basis of success, 223 Carneades, his infusion of Greek ideas into minds of Roman statesmen, 16 Carouge, and the Rouen massacre of Huguenots, 119 Caspari, at Döllinger's house, 405 Castagna, Papal Nuncio, 117 Catechism of St. Sulpice, Lea's deductions from, 571 Catherine de' Medici, Queen-Mother of France, advisers urging, to destroy Coligny and his party, 108-9 & notes challenge of, to Queen Elizabeth, 122 children of, trained on Machiavelli's principles, 215 hints of the intended massacre, 110, 111, 113-14 jealous for her merit in the St. Bartholomew, 130 levity of her religious feelings, 122 long premeditation by, of the massacre, 115 methods of, to balance Catholic and Huguenot power, 103 wrath of, at Gregory's demand for revocation of the edict of Toleration, 137 on the death of her daughter, Queen of Spain, 104 & note cited, 580-81 Catholic attitude to Huguenot massacres, 146-8; change in, how induced, 148 Church, see Church countries, revolution more frequent in, than in Protestant, and why, 278 Emancipation Act, spiritual fruits of, gathered by Wiseman, 437 legitimists and democracy, link between, 590 literature, phases of, last hundred years as to principles in politics and science, 450-51 theory on the proper way to deal with heretics, discredit caused by, 140-41 use of subterfuge, 454 Catholic and Protestant intolerance, difference between, 165, 168-70, 186-7 Catholicism, in the Dark Ages, 200 ground lost by, since the Middle Ages, 593 holiness of, hated by its enemies, 437 identification of, with some secular cause an Ultramontane peculiarity, 451 liberal, supposed founder of, 588 spreads as an institution as well as a doctrine, 246 tendency of, 189 Catholics, English, peculiarities of their position, 438; unity aimed at by them, ib. treatment of, by the Reformers, 157, 162, 163, 168, 174, 178-9 Cavalli, Venetian ambassador, on the bad management of the St. Bartholomew, 109 Celts, Gallic and British, why conquered, 241 the materials less than the impulse of history supplied by, 240 Champel, half-burned book from, 569 Chanson de la Croisade, 565 Character, national, influence of, on events, limits of, 557 Charlemagne, 409 Charles Albert, King of Piedmont, revolution under, 285 Charles I., King of England, execution of, a triumph for Royalism, 51 Charles II., King of England, secret treaty between him and Louis XIV., 53 Charles V., Emperor, records of reign of, 409 Charles IX., King of France, active conciliation by, of Protestants, 105 alliances made by, with Protestant rulers, 105 attempts of, to appease Protestant powers after the massacre, 120 blamed for "leniency," "cruel clemency," etc., in the massacre, 126, 141, 143 Cardinal Lorraine's eulogy of, for the massacre, 112 civil war resulting from persecutions during his minority, 103 date when Catherine suggested the massacre to him, 115 desirous of thwarting Spain, his measures to that end, 104, 105 effect on his attitude to Rome of his success in crushing Huguenots, 137 explanations offered by, various, on the massacre, 118 hints dropped by, of the coming massacre, 111 letters of, to Rome, fate of, 101 letter from, to the Pope, announcing the massacre, 132; reasons alleged in, 133 massacre of Huguenot prisoners ordered by, 141 methods of, in the provincial massacres, 118 et seq. Naudé's Apology for its basis, 147 negotiations of, for Anjou's marriage with Queen Elizabeth, 105 Nuncio on Charles IX., tenacity of his authority, 137 panegyric on, by Panigarola, 125 personal share of, in the massacre, approved by Mendoça, 124 praised for his conduct as to the massacre, 112, 125, 128-9, 136, 140, 147 suppression by, of materials for history of the massacre, 121 & note threats of Pius V. to, 139 tracts on his danger from Coligny, and on his joy at the massacre, 131 on his plan for the massacre, 117 death of, Sorbin's account, 126-7 his wife and her parentage, 105 Charron, on subordination to universal reason, 46 Chastre, La, refuses to execute Charles IX.'s orders as to Huguenot massacre at Bourges, 115 Chateaubriand, Marquis de, 464 liberalism of, discussed, 594 maxim of, on the timidity of the better sort of men, 582; endorsed by Menou, ib. transcription by, of Salviati's despatches, 102 Chatham, Lord, against taxation of American colonists, 55 Châtillon, House of, feud of, with the Guises, 112 Chemnitz, Lutheran divine, on Calvinists, 145 Cherbuliez, the elder, on the power of abstract ideas, 585 Cheverus, 402 Chinese, stationary national character of, 241 Christ, His divine sanction the true definition of the authority of government, 29 Christian states, constitution of the Church as model for, 192 Christianity, appeal to barbarian rulers, 33 considered as force, not doctrine, by Döllinger, 383-7 in the Dark Ages, 200 as history, Döllinger's view of, 380 how employed by Constantine, 30, 31 influence of, on the human race, 200; and on popular government, 79 primitive, penetration of influence over State gradual, 27 progress of, must be supplemented by secular power, 246, 247 teaching of Stoics nearest approach to that of, 24, 25 universality of, influence of nations on, 317-21 why Romans opposed establishment of, 195, 198 freedom in, appeal of Christianity to rulers, 33 effects on, of Teutonic invasion, 32 influence on, of feudalism, 35 political influence of the Reformation on, 43 supplying faculty of self-government in classical era, 31 political advances of Middle Ages due to, 39 rise of Guelphs and Ghibellines as affecting, 36 rise and progress of absolute monarchy as affecting, 41, 47, 48 rise of religious liberty and toleration as resulting from, 52, 53 rise and progress of political liberty due to, 56, 57, 58 sovereignty of people in Middle Ages acknowledged in consequence of, 35 Christina, Queen, of Sweden, on truth, 316 Chronicle, The, Acton's leaders in, ix Chrysippus, views of, 73 Church, the, see also Catholicism, Papacy, Popes, and Rome attitude of, to isolation of nations, 292 attitude of, to Wycliffe, Hus, and Luther, 271; difference in their attitude to her, ib. both accepting and preparing the individual to receive, 450; how she performs this, ib. censure of, ineffectual against Machiavelli's political doctrines, 218 condemnation of Frohschammer's book, and excommunication, 477 and the development of Machiavelli's policy, 225 difficulties of, how nourished, 455 Döllinger's vindication of, 404 effect on, of growth of feudalism, 245 fables of, Döllinger's investigation of, in Papstfabeln des Mittelalters, 418-21 free action of, test of free constitution of State, 246 Goldwin Smith's unfair estimate of, 234 in Ireland, Goldwin Smith's views on, 259 great work (salvation of souls) and its subsidiaries, 448-9 hostility to, roused by conflicts with science and literature, 461-91 indebted to the barbarians for corporate position, 244 manifestation of, how seen, 269 minority in, in agreement with Döllinger, 313 not justified in resisting political law or scientific truth on grounds of peril in either to the faith, 449 et seq. not openly attacked, eighteenth century, 273-4 her peculiar mission to act as channel of grace not her sole mission, 448-9 political thoughts on, 188; authority, supreme, the Church as, 192; Catholicism in the "Dark Ages," 200; Christianity, influence of, on human race, 200; divine order in the world, establishment of, 189; English race, Christianity a cause of greatness of, 204; liberty, influence of Christianity on, 203; religion, true, definition of, 197; Romans, persecution of Christians by, reasons for, 196, 198 position of, in State, regulation difficult, 252 struggle of feudalism with, 35 tolerance of, in early days, 186 view of, on government, 260 Church discipline, Bucer's system of, 172-3 government, under control in the modern State, 151 Church of England, internal condition of, 437-8 establishment, English and Irish, difference between, 259 Church and State Teutonic, quarrel between, cause of revival of democracy, 80 relations of, 150-52, 162, 163-4 union of, creating Byzantine despotism, 33; effect of, on paganism, 33 views on, of Anabaptists, 171-2; Bucer, 172-3; Calvin, 177 et seq.; Luther, 154, 156, 157-8, 159, 161-4, 180; Melanchthon, 164 et seq.; Œcolampadius, 176-7; Zwingli, 173-4; Reformers in general, 181 Cicero, 409 Cienfuegos, Cardinal and Jesuit, view of, on Charles IX., 148 Circumspice, as motto for the Catholic Church, 269 Citeaux, 567 Citizenship in Athens, 68 "City of the Sun," an ideal society described by, 270 Civil authority over religious crime (see also Passive obedience), Beza's view, 146 liberty, point of unison of, with religious liberty, 151; its two worst enemies, 300 War of America, consolidating effects of, on the Constitution, 579 society, its aim and end, 298 Civilisation, despotism in relation to, 5, 6, 27 liberty the product of, 596 mature, liberty the fruit of, 1 social, unconnected with political civilisation, 243 in Western Europe retarded by five centuries owing to Teutonic invasion and domination, 32, 33 Civilta Cattolica, organ of Pius IX., 497 Classical literature, subjects not found in, 25, 26 Clay, H., despondency of, as to American institutions, 579 Clement IV., Pope, directions of, for Inquisitors, 560 Clement V., Pope, decree of, on privilege of Inquisitors, deductions on, of Lea, 566 share of, in the trial of the Templars, 563 cited on political honesty, 214 publication of Il Principe authorised by, 214 Clement VIII., Pope (Aldobrandini), testimony of, on premeditation of the St Bartholomew, 114-15 & notes Clergy, immunities of, 34; unpopular in Italy, 363 upholders of absolute monarchy, 41 Clifford, Lord, acquaintance of, with Döllinger, 388 Colbert, admirers of, in accord with Helvetius, 220 Coleridge, S.T., metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for, 381 Coligny, Admiral de, 105; death of, origin and motives of, discussed, 101 et seq., 117-18; the story of, 106, 111 et seq., 118; the question of its premeditation discussed, 106-7 et seq. alleged plot to kill Charles IX., 131, 135, 136 murderer of, 124; reward of, from Philip II., 123; and presented to the Pope, 144 & note; nationality (alleged) of, 124 Colocza, Archbishop of, head of Council of Bishops, 1867., 499 Cologne, Archbishop of, loose reading of terms of the legal reform of Index, 531 Cologne, Synod at, and infallibility, 499 Commines, Philip de, on levying of taxes, 39 Commonwealth, The American, by James Bryce, review, 575 Commonwealths, founders of, 70 Communism, a subversive theory, proclaimed by Babœuf, 273; theory of its antiquity due to Critias, 17 Comte, Auguste, historic treatment of philosophy, 380 Concordat, Austrian, failure of, 292 Confederacy essential to a great democracy, 277 Confederate scheme of American government, 577 Conference of Bayonne, resolutions inimical to Huguenots taken at, 108-9 & notes Confession of Anjou, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107 Confession of Augsburg, apology of, on excommunication, 158 importance of, recognised by Luther, 159 Conflicts with Rome, 461-91 Connecticut, Blue Laws of, 55 Conrad, Master (of Marburg), principles inspiring, 556; as confessor of St. Elizabeth, 570 Conscience, freedom of, a postulate of religious revolution, 153 in politics, expedient elasticity of, 212-14 Conservateur, the, 594 Conservatism, indirect elections not always a safeguard of, 2; restriction of suffrage in relation to, 96 Conservatism of American revolutionists, 580 European, 583 Constance, Council of, support of, to the Inquisition, 570 Constantine, donation of, 469; political Christianity of, 30, 31 Constantinople, seat of Roman Empire transferred to, 30 Patriarchs of, see Eutychius Constitution, American, consolidated by the Civil War, 579 despondency of its founders as to, 579 Hamilton's views on, 581-3 not understood by Tocqueville, 576 Constitution of England, Sir E. May on, 62 Constitutions, evolution of, 58 growth of, nature of, 5 Periclean, characteristic of, 10 view of Guelph writers respecting, 36 how ancient, differ from modern, 19 mixed, difficulty of establishing and impossibility of maintaining, 20 Contarini, Gaspar, 214 Contarini, Venetian ambassador, on the expected change in France (as to the Huguenots), 109 Conti, story of priests and the St. Bartholomew disproved, 126 Cooley, Judge, cited by Bryce, on American liberty and government, 580 Copernican system, the, derided by Luther, 160 Corsica, 105 Cortes, Donoso, classed as ultramontane, 451 Council of Arles and the Count of Toulouse, 565 Council of Constance, support of, to the Inquisition, 570 Council of Trent, 111, 138; Döllinger's investigations of, 431; and tradition, 513 Council of Ten, Molino on, 213 Cournot, intellectual qualities of, 589 Cousin, Victor, 224, 588, 589 historic treatment of philosophy, 380 Cranmer, 430 Creuzer, 405 Critias, cited, 70 originator of notion of original communism of mankind, 17 Croker, see Canning Cromwell, Oliver, Constitutions of, short-lived, 50 study of, 410 Cromwell, Thomas, acquaintance of, with Il Principe, 214 death of, a joy of Melanchthon, 217 Culturgeschichte of Hellwald, 573 Cumberland, expositor of Grotius, 46 Cusa, Cardinal of, on Christian doctrine, 514 Daniel, historian, 588 Dante, Döllinger's return to study of, 433 key to, where found, 574 views of, on conscience, 562 and Cecco d'Ascoli, on schism, 564 Danton, his action in the Reign of Terror, 266 Darboy, Archbishop, on Papal Infallibility, 547 opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522 Daru, revival by, of Hohenlohe's policy, 511 Darwin, Charles, estimate of Carlyle, 223 Deàk on Hungarian administration, 510 Decree, the first, issued to Vatican Council, 531; withdrawn, 535 Defoe, Daniel, on want of principle among contemporary politicians, 53 "De Haereticis," tract on toleration, 182 Delbrück, criticism of Macaulay's power of historical deduction, 385 Delicieux, fall of, conclusions on, of Lea, 563, 564 Democracy (see also Will of the People), alliance of, with despotism, 238 alliance of, with socialism baneful, 92, 93, 98 attitude to, of Aristotle, 71, 72 and Catholic Legitimists, link between, 590 curbing of, by ancient constitutions, 19 definition and tendencies of, 62 enlightened ideas of Lilburne on, 83 essence of, 7 federalism most effective check on, 98 in fourteenth century, 80 government by, danger of, 20 a great, in relation to self-government, 277 modern mistakes in true conception of, 93, 94 in Pennsylvania, 84 pervading evil of, 97 political writers against, 93 Presbyterianism and, 81, 82 present aim, 95 principles of, advocated by Pericles, 9 progress of, in Europe, 85 revival of, to what due, 80 ancient, partial solution of, by popular government, 79 Athenian, tyranny manifested by, 12 Swiss, 90 Democracy in Europe, by Sir Erskine May, 61 Democratic method of Socrates, 71 principle, triumph of, in France, results of, 287 Denifle, Father, 574 Denmark, religion in, Döllinger on, 340-31 Derby, Lord, cited, 189 Descartes, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48 Despotic spirit, old, its two adversaries, 276 Despotism after peace of Westphalia, 325 alliance of democracy with, 238 emancipation of mankind from, to what due, 24, 25 overpowering strength of, the doom of classical civilisation, 27 product of civilisation, 5, 6 see also Absolutism Development, see also Progress and its earlier supporters, 592 Flint on, topic discussed, 591, 592 Diocletian's persecution of the Christians due to attempt to transform Roman government into despotism of Eastern type, 30, 31 Dispensation, the, for the Navarre marriage long withheld, 128 & note; price, assumed, for, ib.; never granted, 131-2; Charles IX.'s hope regarding, 133 Divine right of freeholders established by Revolution of 1688., 54 of kings, principle of, led to advocacy of passive obedience, 47 of the people, 36, see also Will of the People with respect to election of monarch, 35 Divine order in the world, establishment of, 189 Djakovar, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549 Doctrine, danger from, motive for religious persecution in pagan and mediæval times, 251 Dogma, Commission on, at Vatican Council, election and proceedings of, 529-31 Dolcino, two versions of the story of, 555, 568 Döllinger, Dr. J.J. Ignatius von, his attacks on Papal Infallibility, 538, 545; on episcopal authority, in Council, 545 character of, 403 declaration of, on papal necessity for temporal power, 312-13 fame of, 463 historical insight of, limitations of, 409-10 judgments of, compared to Möhler's, 378; their gentleness, 410 influences acting upon, earlier and later studies, intercourse, literatures, etc.—evolution due to—375-6, 379-82, 383, 386-9, 392-3, 399; later views of, 396, 425-36 later life of, 399 and Möhler in Munich, views at variance, 377-80 politics and their interest for, 400-403 reliance of scholars on, in theological difficulties, 382-3 silence of followers of, 313-15 style of, 375-435; own estimate of, 432; views on, and methods of, 383, 385, 389-92 tract attributed to, on Infallibility, 512, 513 value as historian of the Church, 408-10 views of, compared to Möhler's, 378-9; on temporal power, 301-74 visits of, to Oxford, 403; to Rome, 410-14 Works by— Church History, interpretations of, 379-435; source of, 386; new edition of, refused by, 392-3 Heidenthum und Judenthum, publication of, 405-7 Hippolytus und Kallistus, publication of, 404-5 Kirche und Kirchen, argument of, 414-18; description of, 384-6; source of, 386; preface to, cited on temporal authority of the Church, 303-12; purpose of, 371-4 Papstfabeln des Mittetalters, spurious authority of the Church, 418-21 Philosophumena, vindication of Rome, after publication of, by, 404 Reformation, preparation for, 392-4; publication of, 394; ridiculed in Rome, 411; style of, 393-7 cited on attitude of Pius IX. and the Council, 371 character of Pius IX., 365-6 Council of Trent, 432 England's attitude to temporal power of Pope, 415 German loyalty to the Church, 370-71 Luther, 397 mistaken judgments of youth, 429 St. Dominic, 428 the temporal power of the Pope, 414-15 Dominicans, the, theology of, discountenanced, 498 Dominis, De, 432 Dorner, 389 Dort, Canons of, 580 Doyle, 402 Duchesne, Abbé, 400, 574 on the idea of development, and what impeded its acceptance, 592-3 Dupanloup, 400, 425; opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522, 526 defence of Syllabus by, 424 opposition of, to Papal temporal power, 412 Duperron, Cardinal, on Arianism, apparent, in St. Irenæus and Tertullian, 592 Duplessis-Mornay, forebodings of, as to Huguenot perils, 107 Dutch independence due to maritime successes, 103 Dynastic interest, dominant in old European system, 273 at the Congress of Vienna, 283 Ebrard, Döllinger's opinion of work of, 420 Ecclesiastical authority, functions of its office, 460 Echard, authority on the Inquisition, 554 book by, on St. Thomas, pages by another, printed in, 558-9 Eckstein, character of, 400 École des Chartes, pupils of, methods of, 561 École Française, 574 Edessa, Archbishop of, at commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500 Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, an inconsistency, 170 not approved by Innocent XI., 147 remarks on, 260 of Pacification, 108 of Toleration, deceitful, of Charles IX., 117, 135 Elections, indirect, 97; not always a safeguard of conservatism, 2 Elizabeth, Queen of England, Catherine de' Medici's challenge to a massacre of Catholics, 122 Döllinger's lenient view of, 410 murder of, sanctioned by Pius V., 139 not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres, 120 proposed league of, for Protestant defence, Lutheran protest, 145 Elizabeth of Valois, first wife of Philip II. of Spain, fate of, 104 & note Ellicott, Dr., Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, on Lamennais's theory, 593 Emerson, R.W., on attitude of the best Americans to politics, 578 Encyclical, the, of 1846, Infallibility proclaimed in, 496 England, an exception to the common law of dynastic States till 1745., 274 indignation in, at the idea of development in religion, 591 Inquisition never admitted into, 59 status of kings in, Canning on, 583-4 under the Stuarts, Church and liberty in, 208 English Catholics, peculiarities of their position, 438; Wiseman's personal relations with, 437, 438 legal system, pioneer work of Jeremy Bentham in reform of, 3 liberty, adversary of the despotic policy, 276 nation, endurance of, and supremacy of, in art of labour, 60 foremost in battle for liberty, 59 views of, on the Huguenot massacres, 144 race, Christianity a cause of greatness of, 204 writers, Döllinger's acquaintance with, 388 Entremont, Countess, marriage of, with Coligny, Salviati's denunciation on, 110 Eötvös on lay interest in religious government, 510 Ephialtes and democracy, 68 Epictetus, 406 Epicurus on purpose of foundation of societies, 18 Equality, passion for, in France, 57, 58 subversive theory proclaimed by Rousseau, 273; making French Revolution (1789) disastrous to liberty, 88 of fortune, and class interests, 69 political, observations on the right to, 262 Erasmus, his idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58 Erhle, Father, 552, 560, 574 Essenes, disappearance of, 66 idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58 slavery, both in principle and practice, rejected by, 26 Ethical offices of the Church not exclusively hers, 448-9 Ethnology and Geography united, in relation to security of free institutions, Mill on, 286 Eudæmon-Johannes, praise given by, to the St. Bartholomew, 147 Eugenius IV., Pope, election of, 355 Euphemus, cited, 70 Europe, attitude of, to the French massacre of Huguenots, 120. 124-5; progress of democracy in, 85; theory of Nationality in, how awakened, 275 civilised, to what its preservation is due according to Lea, 568 Latin, frequency in, of revolution, 278; its object, 280-81 Western, retrogression in arts and sciences due to domination of Teutons, 32, 33 the two conquests of, and their effects on social ideas, 278 et seq. European liberalism and conservatism, 582-3 system, the old, reigning families, not nationalities, dominant in, 273 Eutychius, Lea's remarks on, challenged, 563 Excommunication, of Frohschammer, 477 what it involves, according to the confession of Schmalkald, etc., 158 Eymeric, author of the Directorium, President of Arragonese tribunal against heretics, 558, 559 Fables of the Church (Papstfabeln des Mittelalters), Döllinger's investigations of, 418-21 Faenza, why menaced by Pius V., 137 Faith not to be kept with heretics, Catholic theory on, 140-41 Falloux, value of, as historian, 400 opposition of, to Montalembert, 425 False principles, place of, in social life of nations, 272 Fantuzzi, compiler of history, 387 Farel, death of Servetus approved by, 185 Farnese, Cardinal, see Paul III., Pope Fatalism, philosophy of historians, 221 Fauriel, 565 Federal government, views on, of Hamilton, 581-3 Federalism, most effective check on democracy, 98; value of, 20 Federalist, The, by Alexander Hamilton, various views on, 581 Federal form of American constitution, said not to be understood by Tocqueville, 576 Fénelon, his idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58 on absolutism, 433 on domains as dowries, 273 on national distress, 49 Ferdinand I., Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410 Ferdinand II., Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410 Ferralz, despatches of, on attitude of Roman Court to the St. Bartholomew, unused, 102 quarrels of, with the Cardinal of Lorraine, 129 true particulars of the Navarre marriage according to, 131-2 on the attitude of Gregory XIII. on hearing of the St. Bartholomew, 132-3 note Ferrara, Alfonso, Duke of, a massacre of Huguenots advised by (1564), 108 & note Ferrari, 590; Döllinger's tribute to, 417 on Machiavelli's character, 226 Ferrier, Du, Catherine de' Medici's words to, on the death of the Queen of Spain and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 104 Ferrières, 122 Fessler, see St. Pölten, Bishop of Feudalism, alien to the sentiment of France, 279 growth of, 34; effect on Church, 245 struggles of, with the Church, 34, 35 Feuerlein, Machiavelli's loyalty upheld by, 229 on political expediency, 224 Fichte, J.S., cited in praise of Machiavelli's policy, 228 Ficker, Prof., account by, of the Inquisition, 426 on the real contriver of the Inquisition's rule by terror, 555 First Empire, the French, things most oppressed by, the causes of its downfall, 281 Fischer, Kuno, trace of Machiavelli in metaphysics of, 228 Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, on persecution, 570 Flaminian Gate, ancient custom connected with, 136 Flaminius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners, 215 Fleury, style of, Döllinger's compared to, 381 Flint, Professor Robert, 572; Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland, review, 588 critical faculty strong in, 591 nature of his superiority as writer, 588-9; some defects, 589-90 Florence, prepared for the St. Bartholomew, 109 Fontana, authority on the Inquisition, 554 Forbes (Bishop of Brechin), Döllinger's intimacy with, 416 Force replaced by opinion as Catholic tribunal, 148 Foreign rulers, objection to, as third cause of popular risings, 284 Forgery, Church authority supported by 511, 513 Formosus, 563 Fors de Béarn, the, 566 "Fourth Estate," rise of, 67 Fox, Charles James, 54 France, absolute monarchy in, 48; how built up, 41 the Church in, and Protestantism, Döllinger on, 337 democratic principle in, its triumph the cause of the energy of the national theory, 287 feudalism alien to, 279 Gallican theory in, with respect to reigning houses, 35 governed by Paris during Revolution of 1789., 88 of history, how, and why, it fell, 277 inherent absence of political freedom and presence of absolutism in, 237-40 kingdom of, how evolved, 278 opposition in, to Lamennais's Ultramontanism, 463-4 passion in, for equality, 57, 158 political ideas concerning, of Charles IX., and of Richelieu, 116 removal of Papacy to, 370 and representation on Vatican Council, 504-5 "the slave of heretics" according to Pius V., 105 restored monarchy of, see Restoration Franchi at Council of Bishops in 1867., 499 Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, in 1859., 287 Franciscan masters, the, and the idea of development in religion, 592 Franciscans, General of, on the planned character of the St. Bartholomew, 124 struggle of Avignon with, 552 Franklin, Benjamin, irreligious tone of, 584 Franks, preamble of the Salic law of, 200 Franzelin on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500 Frederic the Great and Machiavelli's political schemes, 227 ignorant opposition of, to Machiavelli's works, 218 Frederic II., Emperor, treaty of, with the Church, 555 Lombard law of, 152; its provisions, 555, 556 Free institutions, a generally necessary condition for securing, Mill on, 286 Freedom (see also Liberty) accorded to English Catholics, 438 in antiquity— age of Pericles, 9 antiquity of liberty, modernity of despotism, 5 cause of liberty benefited more under Roman Empire than under Republic, 15 dangers of monarchy, of aristocracy and democracy, 19, 20 decline of Athenian constitution, 11 definition of liberty, 3 early communism and utilitarianism, 17, 18 emancipation by Stoics of mankind from despotic rule, 24 guiding principle of Roman Republic, 13 highest teaching of classical civilisation powerless to avert despotism, 27 history of institutions often deceptive and illusive, 2 implicit opposition of Stoics to principle of slavery, 25, 26 influence of Christianity over the State, gradual, 27 infusion of Greek ideas of statesmanship among Romans, 16 liberty, highest political end, 22, 23, 24 limitation and excess in duties of State, 4 method of growth of constitution, 5 nature of government of Israelites, 4 object of constitutions, 10 reform in English legal system instituted by Jeremy Bentham, 3 representative government, emancipation of slaves, and liberty of conscience not a subject of classical literature, 25, 26 revision of laws of Athens by Solon, 6 sanction of Christ the true definition of the authority of government, 29 teaching of Plato and Aristotle respecting politics, 22 teaching of Pythagoras and Heraclitus of Ephesus, 21, 22 triumphs due to minorities, 1, 4 value of federalism, 20 vice of the Classic State, 16 wisest minds among the ancients tainted with perverted morality, 18 Freedom in Christianity, history of— Christianity employed by Constantine to strengthen his empire, 30, 31 civil, its two worst enemies, 300 conscience, a postulate of religious revolution, 153 Freeholders, "divine right of," established by Revolution of 1688, 54 Freeman, Döllinger on, as a historian, 421 on Mommsen's want of generous sentiment, 222 French Belgium, see Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland French Catholics, reasons of their confusion between piety and ferocity, 141 clergy, and the St. Bartholomew, 126-7 & notes monarchy, aid of the democracy in establishing and in demolishing, reasons for both, 278-80 people, attitude of, to and after the Huguenot massacres, 143 et seq. how regarded after the Revolution, 277 provincial massacres of Huguenots, 118-19, 134 writers, influence of, on Döllinger, 387 scholarship, dependence on, of Mr. H.C. Lea, 558 French Republic of 1848, of what school the triumph, 590 French Revolution, see Revolution, French Frohschammer, 473-7 conflict with Rome, 462, 467, 469, 473-483 Fulcodius, Cardinal, see Clement IV. Fulda, council of bishops at, 517 Funds of the Church, proposed disposal of, in Italy, 509 Gallicanism, corruption of Christianity, 463, 524 Lamennais's crusade against, 464 theory of, on reigning houses in France, 35 Gams, 429; defender of the Inquisition, 573 Ganganelli, Cardinal, influence of, on Döllinger, 434 Gaspary, cited on Machiavelli's loyalty, 230 Gass, on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism, 420 Gaul, Roman, tolerance in, of absolutism, 279 Gazette de France and universal suffrage, 590 Geneva, trial of Servetus at, 184 Genlis, Huguenot commander, defeat of, the consequences to Coligny, 116, 117, 141 Genoa, extinction of, as State, 283 Gentz cited on Machiavelli's policy, 229 George III., King of England, 583 George IV., King of England, 583 German, or Teutonic, conquest of Europe, its consequences, 277 et seq. writers, as influencing Döllinger, 389 Germany, effect on, of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143 Protestantism in (1572), 103 theology of, unique and scientific, 317, 347-351, 376, 471-482 union of, 225 and the Vatican Council— circular of German bishops to, 517 opposition in, 503; and to Infallibility, 500; representation of, 505 Gerson, 562; cited, 191 Gervinus, G.G.. on Machiavelli as prophet of modern politics, 229 Ghibellines, political theory of, 37 Gibbon, Edward, 389 Gieseler, Döllinger's dislike of, 389, and estimate of, 404 Ginoulhiac, on Papal Infallibility, 540 on Strossmayer's influence, 536 Gioberti, followers of, 314 metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for, 381 Girondists, objects of, 263 Gladstone, W.E., Acton's admiration for, xxiii; and Döllinger, letter to, on the Irish question, 434; estimate of historical judgment and style, 416; intercourse of, 400 policy of, feared in Rome, 507 Glencoe, massacre of, 218, 410 Gneist, 377 Gonzaga, Lewis, see Nevers Görres, Joseph, 282, 405 centre of Munich group of theologians, 386 Göttingen, 378; seminary pupils of, methods of, 561 Government, authority of, defined by Divine sanction of Christ, 29 Catholic view of, 260 chief duty of, to maintain political right, 449 American, Judge Cooley on, 580 Gracchus, opposition to Octavius, 76 Grant, General Ulysses, 579 Granvelle, Cardinal, Viceroy of Naples, on the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 125, 140; on Alva's prisoners, 142 Gratian, 557 Gratry, letters of, to the Archbishop of Mechlin, on divisions in the Church, 537-8 on the Inquisition, 424 tribute from, to Döllinger, 424 cited on Veuillot's school, 429 Greece, national beliefs yielding to doubt during age of Pericles, 8, 9 politics of, infused into minds of Roman statesmen, 16 Greek Church, development of, 332-3 revolution, causes united in, 284 Greeks, democracy of, 66 as makers of history, 240 slavery discouraged by, 63 Gregory VII., Pope, deception of, by hierarchical fictions, 420 and democracy, 80 his disparagement of civil authorities, 36 Gregory IX., Pope, 430 appointed Guala as first Inquisitor, 553 Lea's view of, as intellectual originator of the Inquisition, 555, 557 Gregory X., Pope, and the Inquisition, 426 Gregory XIII., Pope, 430 and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew— Bull of, on, 101, 134 complicity of, discussed, 128 fate of his letters to France, 101 previous knowledge of, 110, 116 receipt of the news by, his public and private attitude, and his reply, 132-5, 137 urges full and complete extirpation of Huguenots, 142 conduct as viewed by French and by Italians, 148 reply, 137 undue hatred of, consequent on his attitude to the matter, 138 and the Navarre marriage, his steady opposition, 105, 111, 113, 128 on destruction as result of sedition, 216 Gregory XVI., Pope, personal fallibility of, admitted, and denounced by Lamennais, 465, 466 Grenoble, Bishop of, doctrine of Papal Infallibility admitted by, 528 excluded from Commission on Dogma, 530 on dogmatic decrees of the Vatican Council, 533 Grey, Lord, 219 Grotius, 432; days of, 225 founder of study of real political science, 46 on the principles of law, 46 Guala, Bishop of Brescia, successor of Moneta and St. Dominic, 553 and the burning of heretics. 555-6 Guelphs, political theory of, 36 Guicciardini, Francesco, abridged by Trent Commissioners, 215 Guidonis, Bernardus, frequently cited by Lea, 568 leading authority of the fourteenth century, 559 Practitia of, 558 protests of, on Clement V.'s decree on privilege of Inquisitors, 566 Guise, Duke of, initiative of, in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 112 recalled to France, 213 slain by Henry III. of France, 121 Guise, House of, 112, 118 Guizot, 400 on the eighteenth century, 585 on Hamilton's work The Federalist, 581 on importance, to all denominations, of the Vatican Council, 493 wisdom of, 401 Günther, 473 Gurney, Archer, alarm of, at Döllinger's views, 382 Guyon on the murder of heretics, 147 Habeas Corpus Act, principle originated in Middle Ages, 39 Habsburg family, contests of, 274 Halifax Archbishop of (Conolly), on the dogmatic decree, 533 opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522 on Scriptural authority, 547 Halifax, George Savile, Lord, 53 Hallam, Henry, favourable comparison of theory of Il Principe with other political theories, 224 Hamilton, Alexander, eulogised, 581-3 history, treatment of philosophy, 380 political example of, 586 views of, as cited by Bryce, 578 Harnack, estimate of Döllinger, 434 Harrington, political writer in advance of his time, 51 Hartwig, 230 Hase, Prof. K., cited on political expediency, view of, on importance of Vatican Council to all denominations, 493 Hauréau, Histoire Littéraire by, divergence from, of Lea, 558, 563 Havet, 555 Haynald, Archbishop of Colocza, at Council of Bishops, 1867, 499 Hefele, defender of the Inquisition, 573 estimate by, of Döllinger, 434 on Papal Infallibility, 540, 544 on validity of dicta of Vatican Council, 548 Hegel, Carl, friend of Döllinger, 420 Hegel, G.W.F., 589, 590 definition by, of universal history, 224 as enemy of religion, Döllinger's disparaging view of, 376, 381 master of Cousin, 589 posthumous work of, 385 view of, on Development of Liberty, 596 Henry III., King of France (see also Anjou. Duke of), 44, 580 Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410 hopes of his destroying the Huguenots root and branch, 142; urged on him by Muzio, 143 and the murder of the Guises, 121, 213 reliance of, on Il Principe, 215 Henry IV., King of France, see Navarre, King of Heraclitus, of Ephesus, on the supremacy of reason and divine origin of laws, 21, 22 Herbert, cited to show Machiavelli's sacrifice to unity, 229 Herder, J.G., 375 on Il Principe, 228 Heresy (see also Intolerance, Persecution, and Toleration), books on, definition of, by the Archbishop of Cologne, 531 Calvin's views on punishment, 181; its famous refutation, 182 causes of, in Frohschammer, 481 dependent on the State, 317 laws of Frederic II. on, 152, 555 punishable by death, doctrine of the Church, 216-19 methods of dealing with the Reformers cited on, 154, 157, 163-164, 166, 167, 175, 181, 183 Heretics, attitude towards, of St. Dominic, 554 Catholic theory on the proper way to deal with, 569; discredit incurred from, 140-41 a prominent dissentient, 144 divisions among, 103 first proscribed in Aragon, 557-58 murder of, Guyon on, 147 Hermann, reliance of Döllinger on authority of, 403 Hermas, 406 Hermes and followers denied the power of the Index, 473 Hesse, Landgrave of, bigamy of, why condoned by Luther, 160 & note Hindoos, stationary national character of, 241 Historians, qualities of, revealed by use made of their authorities, 235 scientific, method of, how differing from that of artist and annalist, 233 Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland, by Robert Flint, review, 588 History, deductions of, Döllinger's theory, 389-92; not drawn from moral standards, 219-21 Döllinger's work in, 375-435 equity of, deductions drawn from action, 219 God seen in, 594 no conscience in, Hartwig's opinion of, 230 teaching of, Döllinger's desertion of theology for, 379-83 theory of, Döllinger's view, 385 History, A, of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, by Henry Charles Lea, review, 551 Hobbes, Thomas, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48 and Machiavelli's policy, 228 Höfler, 434 Hogendorp, on the American Revolution and the decline of religion in America (circ. 1784), 584 Hohenlohe, Prince, defeat of his policy, 511 defeated by Ultramontanes, 505 Döllinger secretary to, 385 opposed to discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council, 503-4 Hohenzollern, house of, contests of Silesia with, 275 Holland, see also Low Countries and Netherlands, declares for the Prince of Orange, 103 republican, an exception to common law of dynastic states, 274 Holst on Hamilton's genius, 581 Verfassungsgeschichte, by, 577 Holy Alliance, originated by Baader, 377; the devotion of, to absolutist interests, 282; and to suppression of the revolution and national spirit, 283 Home and Foreign Review, The, action concerning, of Wiseman, 439-40; deprecated, 440 et seq.; his complaints investigated, 442-43; and replied to, 443-44; how Wiseman came to misconceive the words of the Review, 444 et seq.; position on which the Review was founded, 447, 457; sphere of such a publication delimited, 448-56; topics excluded from its purview, 457; its aid to religion indirect but valuable, 459; attitude of, on supreme authority of the Church, 482-91 Honorius III., Pope, characterisation by, of Gregory IX., 556 the Inquisition extant under, 554 and the Lombard law for burning heretics, 556 Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity, 45 Hosius, Cardinal, opposition of, to Beza, concerning the Polish Socinians, 146 Hötzl, Father, support of Döllinger, 545 House of Commons, the, and the Inquisition, 570 Huguenots, expulsion of from Switzerland, 125 massacres of, in Paris and the provinces, 106, and see Massacre of St. Bartholomew passim position of, in 1572, and apparent prospects, 102 views of, on the massacres of co-religionists, 145-46 Humboldt, W. von, 282 Hume, David, 54; cited on Il Principe, 218 Hungary, Church constitution of 1869., 510 growing autonomy of, 526 Huns, stationary national character of, 241 Hus, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's, 271 trial of, 552, 570; a test case, 572; Lea's puzzling views on, 573 Ideals, energy evoked by, why greater than in case of rational ends, 272 usefulness of, 272; how limited, 273 Ideas, abstract, more powerful than practical, views on cited, 585 Il Principe (Machiavelli's), dedication of, 215 Nourrisson's praise of, 227 Pole's attention called to, 214 publication of, 214; interpretation of, by all later history, 213; known to Pole and Cromwell, 214 various criticisms of, 218 Immaculate Conception, doctrine of, Archbishop of St. Louis on, 545 Income Tax, known in Middle Ages, 39 Independent congregations, advocacy of toleration by, 52 Index, the Church's instrument of preventing scandal by literature, 469-471 institution and origin of, 215, 495 permanent exclusion of Il Principe by, 215 power of, in Germany, 473 reform of, urged on and effected by the Vatican Council, 495, 525, 531 sanction of, 544 Indifference, religious, of educated Protestants, 350-51 Indulgences granted by Pius V., in connection with war against the heretics, 141 Infallibility, Papal— attitude to, of Lamennais, 462-4, 465, 466 Bavarian warning against adoption of, by Vatican Council, 511 Civiltà Cattolica on, 500-501 continental discussions on, 518 debate on, at Vatican Council, 532-549 declaration of, urged on Vatican Council, 499 definition of, not to be made, by Vatican Council, 518 discussion and definition of, by Vatican Council, 525-49 doctrine of the Jesuits, 498; establishment of, Vatican Council, 499 opinions in England, on discussion of, at Vatican Council, 507 opposition to, 502-4 origin of doctrine of, 513-515 to be presented at Vatican Council, 500-501 proposed by Cardoni at commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500 Infidelity, growth of, due to intolerance, 256 Innocent III., commonly reported as founder of the Inquisition, 553; intolerance of, 431 treatment of heretics, 568 Innocent IV., Pope, cited, 206 Innocent X., Pope, protest against Peace of Westphalia, 324-25 Innocent XI., Döllinger's proposed history of, 433 Innocent XI., Pope, and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 147 Inquisition, the, earlier and later, distinction between aims and characteristics of, 552 Lea's view on, 568 Machiavelli denounced to, 214-15 never admitted into England, 59 origin of, controversy on, 553 period of its activity and decline, 574 problem of, 570 sanction of, 544 in Spain, 152 supporters of, 570 tribunal of, appropriation by Spanish kings leading to absolute monarchy, 41 at Vienna, 184 writers defending, 573 Inquisition, The, of the Middle Ages, A History of, by Henry Charles Lea, review, 551 Institutes, Calvin's, on Toleration, 182 Insurrections previous to 1789, wherein differing from the French Revolution, 271 Intellectual offices of the Church not exclusively hers, 448-9 International league of nations founded by Mazzini, 286 Intolerance carried to an extreme by the Anabaptists, 172 Catholic and Protestant, distinguished, 165, 168-70, 186-7 cause of growth of infidelity, 256 inherent in the Mediæval Church, Leas view, 571 motive and principle of, when justifiable, 251 of Reformers, 184 as a rule of life, Lea's view on, 562-3 Ireland, Church in, Goldwin Smith's views on, 259 Celtic race in, yielding to higher political aptitude of the English, 242 failure of Reformation in, 43 history of, comparative method of, study of, 234 land question, the great difficulty in, 236 question of, Döllinger's views on, 434 religious disabilities in, an engine of political oppression, 253 and Ultramontanism at Vatican Council, 507 Irish agitation, causes united in, 284 Israelites, democracy of the, 65 government of, exhibiting principle upon which freedom has been won, 4, 5 a federation held together by faith and race, 4 resistance of monarchy among, by prophet Samuel, 4 Italian States (1862), nationality in, 295 Italy, Austrian rule in, error of, 285 effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143 literature of, influence on Döllinger, 386-7 policy of, under Machiavelli and before, use of assassination, 213 politics of, influenced by Vatican Council, 508-511 reliance in, on Machiavelli, 226 Machiavelli's triumph, 225, 266 temporal power of papacy in, 355-62, 367-71 wisdom of Huguenot massacres confessed, 125 Ivan the Terrible. Czar of Muscovy, protests of, on the St. Bartholomew, 144 Jackson, Andrew, American President, 578 Jacobins, policy of, criticism of, 261 James II., King of England, 54, 410 overthrow imperative, 468 Janus, 519; book on Ultramontane ideal, 511, 513 Jefferson, Thomas, President, U.S.A., 579 irreligion of, 585 Jesuit attitude to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1, 127, 147, 148 Jesuits, the, and infallibility, 498 and preparations for Vatican Council, 497-98 Jews, see also Israelites treatment of, by Catholics, 169; and by Protestants, 164, 179 Joachim, Abbot, and his work, 560 Joan of Arc, 552; authorities on, not consulted by Lea, 558 John Of Salisbury, 45; reputed author of the Historia Pontificalis, 559 Joubert, on authority of the Church, 463 Judæ, Leo, views of, as to persecution, 174 Julian, apostate, reasons for persecution by, 196 Julius Cæsar, conversion by, of Roman republic into monarchy, 15 Jürgens, his estimate of Luther, 161 Justification by faith, dogma of, as test of orthodoxy, 158 Justin, summit reached by, 406 Justinian, code of, greatest obstacle to liberty next to feudalism, 79 on the absolute authority of the Roman Emperor, 31 Kolde, effect of works of, 408 Kampschulte, effect of works of, 408 Kant, Immanuel, 594 Kaulbach, pictorial ridicule of Döllinger's Reformation, 411 Kenrick, on Papal infallibility, 540, 544 Ketteler, W.E. von, Döllinger's lectures praised by, 381 on Papal infallibility, 540, 544 Kings, status of, in England, Canning on, 583-84 Kirchmann on political ethics, 222 cited on the adoption of Machiavelli's policy, 227-28 Klein. J.L., cited on Machiavelli's moral purpose, 229 Kleutgen, garbled version of Strossmayer's protest, 542 Kliefoth, influence on Döllinger, 389 work on penitential system, 381 Knowledge, growth of, freedom of, in the Church, 461 Knox, John, 44 "Monstrous Regiment of Women," 45 Laboulaye, indictment against democracy, 93 Labour, supremacy of English nation in art of, 60 Lacordaire, Henry, advice of, ignored by Montalembert, 400 cited on political honesty, 220 Döllinger antagonistic to, 401 on St. Dominic, 428 Lafayette, 590 La Farina, tribute to Machiavelli, 226 Lamennais and the Church, condemnation and fall, and cause of the latter, 398, 465, 466-73 conflict with Rome, 462-473 classed as Ultramontane, 451 endeavours of, to exalt Rome, 463-4 intercourse of, with Döllinger, 398 and the idea of development, 591, 593 theory of common sense, 593 Land question, the great difficulty in Ireland, 236 Languedoc, work in, of St. Dominic, 553 Lanza, 509 La Roche-sur-Yon, on the resolutions of the conference of Bayonne, 108 & notes Larroque, Tamizey de, rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Beziers, 567 Lasaulx, Ernst von, estimation of, 405 Lassalle, Ferdinand, on collective thought, 585 Laurent, 590; Döllinger's praise of, 417 cited on Machiavelli's doctrines, followed by detractors, 226 Laval, Bishop of, opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522 Lavradeo, Count de, Portuguese ambassador to Vatican Council, 507 Lavaur, fate of Albigenses at, 556 Law, custom and national qualities, not will of government, makers of, 58 mediæval opinions on, 258 in relation to the will of the people, Vergniaud on, 276 Laws (see also Legal system), divine origin of, 22 of realm, Socratic view that they were only sure guide of conduct, 18 view of Ghibelline writers respecting, 37 view of Guelph writers respecting, 36 Lay representation on Vatican Council, plans for, 503-8 Lea, Henry Charles, A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, review, 551 characteristics of, 555, 559, passim; as historical writer, 551 League, the, Charles IX.'s refusal to join, 129 League, Holy, attempts to bring France into, 113 Le Blanc de Beaulieu on political expediency, 225 Lecoy de la Marche, collection, 559 Lee, murder of, note on, 65 Legal system, English, pioneer work in reform of, of Jeremy Bentham, 3 'Leges Barbarorum,' principle of, in respect to the Church, 244 Legislation, liberty independent of domain of, 2 Legitimate ruler, defence of, first cause of popular risings, 1813., 284 Leibniz, Döllinger's gratitude to, 393 on Il Principe, 228 influence of, on Döllinger, 381 Leo I., Pope, and the suppression of heresy at any cost, 571 Leo X. (Medici), Pope, character of, 378 treatment of tyrant of Perugia, 214 Leo XIII., Pope, literary fruits of his liberality, 573-4 Leopold, 401 Lepanto, naval battle of, 104; effect foiled by Charles IX., 105 victory of, less dear to the Pope than the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 134 Leti, cited, 140 Lewis XII., king of France, extermination of Vaudois of Provence by, 217 Lewis XIII., king of France, Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410 Lewis XIV., king of France, death penalty by, indicted for disobedience to his will, 48 Döllinger's lectures on, 433 ordinance against Protestants, 50 as political assassin, 410 records of reign of, 409 secret treaty between, and Charles II., 53 supreme among tyrants for bad use of his power, 49; adulation bestowed on him sign of national subjection to absolutism, 49 L'Hôpital, 126 Liberal movement in Latin Europe, its objects, 280-81 Liberalism, European, 582-3 Liberals, eighteenth century, their care only for the individual, 273 of the French Restoration, limitations of, 282 Liberty (see also Freedom), change in constitution not effected by, in Italy and Germany, 225 definition of, 3 and democracy, 63 essential condition and guardian of, religion, 4 essential to the subsistence of a country, Rousseau on, 294 failure of Protestant systems to secure, 181 influences of Christianity on, 203 Luther's attitude to, 156 and property, connection between, 54 realisation of, on what depended, 288 reconciled to religion, dispute concerning, 467-9 theory of, as regards nationality, 289 religion and nationality, causes united in revolutions after 1815., 284 sacrificed to unity, by Machiavelli, 229 views on, of Hegel, and of Flint, 596 vulgar definition of, 580 Liberty, American, Judge Cooley on, 580 civil and religious, point of unison between, 151 English, adversary of old despotic policy, 276 English, adversary of former despotic power, 276 municipal, vigorous growth of, in Belgium, 38 religious, definition of, 151-2 effect on, of State control, 151-3 in Maryland, 187 necessary conditions of, 152-3 not impossible, 367 Liddon, Canon, intimacy with Döllinger, 416 Liebig, 377 Lightfoot (Bishop of Durham), Church history of, 418 Lilburne, political writer in advance of his time, 50; his enlightened ideas on democracy, 83 Limborch, 563 Lipsius, R.A., study of Machiavelli by, 215 Lisle, Ambrose de, 423 Littré, 590 Locke, John, 54 doctrine of resistance, 54 inconsistent ideas regarding liberty, 53 on rules of morality, 221 Lombard law of Frederick II., as affecting heretics, 152, 555, 556 Lombardy, the heresy of (Waldensian), 559 work of St. Dominic in, 553 Longpérier, cited, on Italy's adoption of Machiavelli's policy, 227 Lorraine, Cardinal of (Guise), on Anjou's hatred of Protestants and its consequences, 105 & note approval expressed by, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 140 high position of, 111; on his initiative in the Huguenot massacre, his praise of Charles IX., 112 & note; complicity of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 129-30 quarrels with, of Ferralz, 129; its reason, the Pope's attitude to him, 130 on the price of the Navarre marriage, 128 slain by Henry III., attitude of the Pope, 121 Louis XVI., king of France, policy of, 57 powerlessness of, to effect reform, 85 why he perished, 280 Louis Philippe, king of the French, his good opinion of republican government, 56, 90 decline of his popularity, 92 Love of country, Bossuet on, 294 note Low Countries (see also Holland and Netherlands), Alva's failure in, 103 Loyola, Ignatius, founder of the Society of Jesus, 113 Luca, Cardinal de, proposed discussion of infallibility at Vatican Council denied by, 518 Reisach's deputy as president, 534 Lucchesini, sermon against Machiavelli, 215 Lucius, attack of, on Philo, 419 Luther, Martin, 502 attitude of, to the marriage difficulties of Henry VIII., 160 and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, 160 Döllinger's estimate of, 397 early utterances of, on toleration, 153-5; his change of view, 155 influence of, on politics, 81 Möhler on, 378 persecuting principles involved in his system, 164, 590 teaching of, wherein differing from that of Wycliffe and of Hus, 271 views of, on government, 42; on polygamy, 159, 162; on the relations of Church and Slate, 156, 157-58, 161-63, 173, 177, 180; logical outcome of his theory, 159; its inconsistency, 162; work of, on the Civil Power, 154 & note; cited on toleration of Anabaptists, 157 Lutheran attitude to heretics, gradual change in, 154, 157 to Huguenots, 145-6 theory of persecution, political element in, 172 Lutheranism, decline of, 327-9 in Denmark, 341 description of, 343-5 national character of, 319-320 roused by abuses in the Church, 495 in Sweden, 341 Lyons, massacre of Huguenots at, 119; news of, sent to Rome, 132; horror aroused by, in Provence, 144; letter from, on the massacres at that place, 131 Macaulay, T.B., 580 historical limitation of, 385 injustice of Döllinger to, 391-2 opinion of, on Father Paul, 432 on the study of history, 232 Machiavelli, Niccolo (see also Il Principe), character of, 225-6; its complexity, 212-14 crime of Catherine de' Medici not instigated by, 216 denouncement of, to Inquisition, by Muzio, 214-15 doctrine of, 40, 41; impulse given by, to absolutism, 41 influence on succeeding generations, 40, 41; political, 49; held by rulers before and since, 216-19; estimated by early historians, 225-231 ignorance of, displayed by great men, 218-19 indulgent views taken of methods of, 224 Medici patron and his daughter, 122 merits of, admitted by later historians, 230-231 methods of, 225-6 secret patriotism of, upheld by various historians, 229-230 in touch with reasoners and imitators, by theory of success, 223 zenith of power, 225-7 Mackintosh, Sir James, on constitutions, 581 Macmaster, on Hamilton's genius, 581 Madison, James, 579 on Hamilton's theory of government, 581 Maffei, on regicide, 217 Magdeburg, Archbishop of, temp. Gregory IX., 556 Mai, Cardinal, as an editor, 421 Maimbourg, 215 Maine, Sir Henry, on the Droit du Seigneur, 566-7 Maistre, Count de, Ultramontane writer, 451, 468; on the authority of the Church, 377 and Lamennais's theory, 593 relation to Savigny, 593 exaggerations of, 378 influence on Döllinger, 377 interpreted by elder Windischmann, 381 rank of, as writer, 417 thoughts of, on Nationality, 282 & note Malebranche, 382 Malvenda, authority on the Inquisition, 554 Mamachi, authority on the Inquisition, 554 Mandelot, Governor of Lyons, and the Huguenot massacres, 119 Manin, Daniele, 287 Manning, Cardinal, Archbishop of Westminster, adviser of De Angelis, 529 on admission of papal infallibility by acknowledgment of supreme authority, 543-4 Manteuffel, administration of, 283 Manzoni on temporal power of Papacy, 512 Marat, madness of, 401 outcome of Rousseau's teaching on his policy, 57, 58 Maret, book of, on Vatican Council plans, 512, 513 opposition of, at Vatican Council, 426 and papal infallibility, 528 Mariana, rejoicing of, over the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124 cited on death of Henry III., 217 Marini, as a compiler of history, 387 occasional removal of, from Index, 215 Marlborough, Duke of (the Great), character of, 53 Marseilles, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549 Marsilius of Padua, the Ghibelline, views of, on power and persecution, 561-2 cited on the relation of kings to the people, 37 Marshall, John, 579; and the development of the American Constitution, 581 Martens, 427 Martensen, Bishop, estimate of Döllinger, 434 tribute to Baader's powers, 376 Martineau, Dr., and Mill's opinion of results as test of actions, 223 Mary Tudor, Queen of England, 410 Maryland, religious history of, 187 Massachusetts, history of, contrasted with that of Maryland, 187 Massacre, the, of St. Bartholomew, 101 defects in plan and execution of, as judged by immediate results, 106; sources of the same, 117 defence of, on political grounds, 218 Döllinger's work on, 430-31 evidence concerning, how dealt with, difficult of access, 101; best existing sources, 102 motive inspiring its chief author, 121 question of numbers slain in, 106, 137 question of premeditation of, contemporary view, 106; modern view, 107; evidence in support of the former, 107 et seq. results anticipated from, 69; Philip II., 123; view not stated by Alva, 124 Massillon, Jean-Baptiste, cited on retribution, 220 Mathieu, Cardinal, share in elections to Commission of Dogma, 529, 530, 532 Matter, cited on Machiavelli's influence on liberty, 227 Maurenbrecher, rank of Döllinger estimated by, 386 Maurer, Conrad, at Döllinger's house, 405 Maximillian II., Emperor, information sent to, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107 opinion of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 144 toleration of, 105 urged to follow example of Charles IX., 134 & note May, Sir Erskine, Democracy in Europe, by, 61 Mazade, influence on Döllinger, 434 Mazzini, Giuseppe, association of, with the growth of the idea of Nationality, 286 association of his revolutionary ideas with conservatism of Niebuhr, 59 on Machiavelli's politics, 219 proclaimer of Nationality, 273 profane criticism by, 218 Mazzuchelli, 114 Mechlin, Archbishop of, reply to the Bishop of Orleans by, 537 Medici, Cosmo de', patron of Machiavelli, father of Catherine, 122 family of, in disfavour under Paul III., 214 Machiavelli not countenanced by followers of, 214 Mediæval writers on law and right, 258 Melanchthon, Philip, his theory of persecution, 164-170 views of, on polygamy, and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, 160 & note on religious assassination, 325 cited on Cromwell's death, 217 Memorandum of the Powers, 183; on temporal power, 366 Menabrea, circular of, on representation of Vatican Council, 509 Mendoça, praise of those concerned in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124 Mentz, Bishop of, belief in infallibility doctrine, 518 Mérode, 414 Metternich, Prince, 283; attitude of, to Nationality, 285 Metz, Bishop of, repudiation of Döllinger's declaration, 538 Mexico, nationality in, 245-46 Meyer, Paul, on the Council of Arles, 565 Michelet, Jules, Flint compared to, 596 cited on human action as interpreter of God's commands, 223 on Machiavelli, 213 influence on Döllinger, 433 Döllinger's study of, 421 Michiel, Giovanni, Venetian ambassador, 109; on premeditation of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 110 Middle Ages, authority of State inadequate in, 4 decline of religion in, 595 history of, reason for its unity, 244 political advances in, 39 persecution in, 152, 168 revival of study of, 390-91 Middle Ages, The, A History of the Inquisition of, by Henry Charles Lea, review, 551 Mignet, Döllinger's praise of, 417 Milan, Archbishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549 Mill, John Stuart, indictment of democracy, 93 on results as tests of actions, 223 on states as coincident with nationalities, 285 Milton, John, his justification of execution of Charles I., 51 Minerve, fate of Albigenses at, 556 Modena, 386 Mohammedans, treatment of, by Catholics, 169; by Protestants, 179; their tolerance, 186 Möhler, J.A., 593 influence on Döllinger's views of fixity of national types, 434 publication of Symbolik, 377 on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 149 suggested history of progress of doctrine of, 385 cited on Döllinger's rank as theologian, 379 cited on intercourse with Döllinger, 377 partiality as historian of religious wars, 428 rank of, 430 views of, compared to Döllinger's, 378-9 cited on Luther, 378-9 Möhler and Döllinger in Munich, views at variance, 377-380 Molina, Luis, 380 Molinier, Auguste, on a history of the Inquisition, 551-2 rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Béziers, 567 Molino, Francesco da, cited on the recall of the Guises, 213 Mommsen, Theodor, cited on political expediency, 222 distinction of pupils of, 419 indifference of the public to, 430 Monarchy— adulation manifested towards, after the Middle Ages, 48 danger of, 19, 20 and democracy, 64 limitation of powers, aim of modern constitutions, 19 resistance of, among Israelites, justified in later ages, 4 restricted suffrage not always a safeguard of, 2 Absolute— clergy upholders of, 41 development and destruction of, by the democracy in France, & notes, 279-80 France chief centre of, 48 one of the worst enemies of civil freedom, 300 Monarchs, election and deposition of, divine right of people with respect to, 35 Guelphic and Ghibelline views respecting, 36, 37 subjection of, to public law, 35 Mondoucet, French agent at Brussels, Charles IX.'s letter to, on the proposed Massacre, 117 Moneta, Fra, successor of St. Dominic, 553 Monluc, Bishop of Valenca, dying speech of, its bitterness against Huguenots, 141 on the effect of the Huguenot massacres on Poland, 120 view of, on St. Bartholomew, 107 Monroe, James, President, his term of office "the era of good feeling," 56 Mons, fall of, 103; Lewis of Nassau at, 105 the garrison devoted to death by Charles IX. and Philip II., 141-2 Montaigne, Michel de, view held by, on Machiavelli's fame, 215 Montalembert, Count de, classed as Ultramontane, 451 influence of, on Döllinger, 400 intercourse unbroken, 463 unacknowledged agreement with Döllinger, 316 and Kirche und Kirchen, views cited, 417; estimate of that work, 424 in Munich, 398 opposition of, at Vatican Council, 524-5 politics of, 400 and the temporal power of the Papacy, 412 Montalto, Cardinal, alleged dissent of from congratulation on the St. Bartholomew, 140 Montégut, influence on Döllinger, 434 Montesquieu, and his development of Locke's teaching, 54 Montezuma, and Torquemada, resemblance between the gods of, 569 Montferaud, Sieur de, rumoured orders to, as to massacre of Huguenots, 127 note Montfort and the Albigenses, 556 Montgomery and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107, 122 Montpensier, Duke of, Huguenot massacres ordered by, in Brittany, 119 unguarded speech by, on coming massacre, 111 Montpezat, Lieutenant of Guienne, and the Bordeaux massacres, 127 Morality, perverted ideas of, prevailing among classic sages, 18 public, how differing from private, 40 Mordenti, cited on Machiavelli, as champion of conscience, 226 More, Sir Thomas, author of the Utopia, 270 idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58 Mores Catholici, Digby's, 569 Morinus cited, 194 basis of Kliefoth's work in, 381 Morley, John, on equity of history, 219 Mornay, see Duplessis-Mornay Morris of Exeter, and study of Petavius, 380 Morris, Robert, an American, the suggester of the French wars of speculation and plunder, 578 cited on Hamilton as a leader, 582-3 Morvilliers, Bishop of Orleans, attitude of, to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 126 Mozley, James, visit of Döllinger to, 403 Muenscher, works of, esteemed by Döllinger, 381 Müller, 282 Munich, Archbishop of (Reisach), brief from the Pope to, denouncing Frohschammer, 481-5 nominated as President of Vatican Council, 501; death of, before taking seat as, 534 Munich, conference at, Döllinger's declaration to, 312-13 Döllinger at, 386; lectures in, 375 Frohschammer's work in, 473 Möhler with Döllinger in, 377-80 school of theology at, 398-9, 434 Municipal liberties, vigorous growth in Belgium, 38 Münster (Westphalia), excesses of Anabaptists at, 171 Münzer, Thomas, intolerance of, 171 Muratori, Döllinger's study of, 387 on evangelists, 419 papal biographies by, 559 and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 148 Murder (see also Assassination, Heretics, and Persecution), on plea of religion, attitude to, of Rome, 138, 139, 140, 147 Muretus, 101; famous speech of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 130 Muzio, the Decamerone recommended to students by, 215 in favour with Pius V., 214-15 letter from, to Henry III. of France, urging unsparing extirpation of Huguenots, 143 Machiavelli denounced by, to the Inquisition, 214-15 Mylius, view of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107 Nantes, city, refusal of, to massacre Huguenots, 119 edict of, revocation of, not approved by Innocent XI., 147; inconsistency, 170; remarks on, 260 Napoleon I., causes of his downfall, 281, 284 new power called into existence by, 281 question respecting the durability of his institutions, 238 cited on importance of results, 221 cited on quality of endurance in English nation, 66 Napoleon III., ambition of, 316 and discussion of infallibility doctrine at Vatican Council, 504 Nassau, Lewis of, at Mons, French auxiliaries with, 105 National character, influence of, on events, units of, 557 claims, based on race only, futility of, an instance, 295 Nationality, essay on, 270 auxiliary and substance of present-day revolution, 276 denial of, what it implies, 297 evolution of, three stages in, 284-5; and definition of, in its final form, 285 idea of, as influencing modern thought greater than that of liberty, 59 modern theory of, greatest advocate of rights of, 297 historical importance of, its two chief causes, 298, 299 how awakened in Europe, 273, 275, 276; its parentage, 277, 286, 287; how first seen, 278, 281, 286 mission of, in the world, 300 more absurd and criminal than that of Socialism, 300 political character and value of, discussed, 280 et seq. a retrograde step in history, 298 rights of, and greatest adversary of, 297 some of its first supporters, 281-2 a subversive theory, 273 summing up of, 287-8 political theory of, in contradiction with the historic nation, 243 the true, 294, 295 Nations, different, in one State, considerations regarding, 289 et seq. Naudé, basis of his apology for Charles IX., 147 Navarre, Henry, King of, later Henry IV., King of France, 44 marriage of, with Margaret of Valois, opposed by the Popes, 105, 109, 111, 128; real facts regarding, 131-3; representations on, of Charles IX. and his mother, 135; dissolution of, by Paul V., 114 murder of, schemed as a good deed, 139 and the proposed league of Protestant defence, 145 Navarre, Queen of (Margaret of Valois), death of, reckoned on in France, 109, and see Marriage, under Navarre, Henry, King of Neander, rank of, 421 special gifts of, 555 unconventionally of, 384 Nelson, 592 Netherlands (see also Holland and Low Countries), deposition of Philip II., and establishment of republic, 44 republic of, inaugurated reign of law through freedom of press, 50 Nevers, Duke of (Lewis Gonzaga), high station of, 128 share of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 110; his "ill-timed generosity" on this occasion, 122; praises of, by Capilupi, 129 Newman, John Henry, Cardinal, 573, 592, 593 distinction drawn between Pope and Court, 417 Döllinger's early appreciation of, 395; intercourse with, 402 Napoleon III. not condemned by, 413 theory of development different from Döllinger's, 407-8 cited on papal authority, 423 Nicholas I., 431 Niebuhr, 581; association of his conservatism with revolutionary ideas of Mazzini, 59 Döllinger's gratitude to, 393 Nimes, Bishop of, on infallibility, 515; opposed to discussion of, 501 Nimes (city), no Huguenot massacres at, 143 Nippold, rank of Döllinger estimated by, 386 Nourrison cited on Machiavelli's sincerity, 227 Nugent, Count, proclamation by, on Italian independence, 285 Nuremberg, Anabaptists at, 157 Octavius, opposition of Gracchus to, 76 Odescalchi, character of, 433 Œcolampadius, Joannes, opinions of, on Church government, 176-7 Ollivier, opposition of, to French lay representation in Vatican Council, 504 Orange, Prince of (William the Silent), 44 alliance made with, by Charles IX., 105 declaration for (1572), of province of Holland, 103 Huguenot expedition to aid, failure of results, 116, 141 not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres, 120 Origines de la France Contemporaine, 569 Orleans, Bishop of, attitude of, to papal infallibility, 228, 316, 515, 523, 524 at Council of Bishops, 1867., 500 patriotism of (1862), 445 permission refused to, for publication of reply to the Archbishop of Mechlin, 537 promotion of Vatican Council by, 493 unacknowledged agreement with Döllinger, 316 on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549 Orleans, city of, horrors of Huguenot massacre at, 124 Orleans dynasty, result of appeal from, in 1848., 590 Orsi, Döllinger's tribute to, 387 Orsini, Cardinal, Legatine mission of, to France, his instructions, 137; Charles IX.'s representations to him, 138 Oscott, Wiseman's work as President of, 438 Osiander, Andreas, cited on toleration, 157 Ossat, D' 114 & note Overbeck, on Epistle to Diognetus, 420 Oxford movement, Döllinger told of, by Brewer. 402 Wiseman's influence on, 438 Paderborn, Bishop of, on infallibility of Pope, 518 Paine, Thomas, 585; citation of, from Rights of Man, on the confusion of political forms with political liberty, 238 Pallavicini, Theiner on, 431 Panhellenism, 284 Panigarola, panegyric by, on Charles IX., 125 Panslavism, rise of, 284 Papacy, the, acknowledgment of small principalities of Italy, 355 based on organic development, 321-4 and the Byzantine Empire, 353 extraordinary notions of Godwin Smith on the, 267 future of, 367-70 government of, reform in, 363-5 reform of, attempted by Pius IX., Döllinger on, 365 removal to France, a challenge to schism, 370 temporal power of, see Temporal power Papal Legations rescued from Austria at the Congress of Vienna, 283 See, confusion between direct and indirect authority of, 256 struggle with the Franciscans, 552 Papinian, cited on political progress, 79 Paramo, 428 Paris, attitude hostile to the Huguenots, 116, 117 attitude after the murder of Coligny and Massacre of St. Bartholomew in, 106, 126, and see both heads France governed by, during revolution of 1789, 88 Mendoça's praise of its Catholic inhabitants, 124 Archbishop of, cardinals hat refused for, by Pius IX., 526 career of, 526 character of, 326 French representation on Vatican Council urged by, 505 on Papal infallibility, 532 on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549 university of, and the Inquisition, 570 Paris, Matthew, Lea's authorities on, 558 Parliamentary corruption in America, past and present, 578 government, primitive republicanism the germ of, 32 Parma, centre of historical work, 387 (1862) nationality in, 292 Partition of Poland, see under Poland Pascal, Blaise, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48 cited on varying standards of right and wrong, 220 Passaglia, fame of, 413 on papal liberty, 313 reputation of, 502 Passive obedience to the State, doctrine upheld by theologians and philosophers, 47, 48 taught by Luther, 156, 161, 180; asserted by Calvin, 180-81 Patrie, French newspaper, criticism by, of Wiseman's address at Rome, 439, 443, 444, 445; his reply, 439 Paul, Father, 432 Paul III., Pope (Cardinal Farnese), hatred of the Medici family, 214; letter from Sadolet, praising the extermination of the Vaudois, 217 Paul V., Pope (Borghese), aware of premeditated Huguenot massacre, 114 Peace of St. Germains, as affecting French Huguenots, 105; alarmist views on, held by Salvati, 110 Peasants' war, the, in Germany, attitude of Luther towards, 155, 156 & note, 162 Pegna, Arragonese origin of, 558, 560 character of works of, 428 Pellevé, Cardinal, Archbishop of Sens, on the premeditation of a massacre of Huguenots, 111 Peloponnesian war, influence of, on Athens, 69 Penn, William, 410; follower of doctrine of toleration, 84 Pennaforte, home of St. Raymond, 556 Pennsylvania, democratic constitution of, 84 People, see also Democracy and Will of the People sovereignty of, idea of parent of idea of Nationality, 277 wishes, etc., of, as criterion of right, teaching on, of the French Revolution as to, 271 Percin, authority on the Inquisition, 554 German ignorance of, 428 Peresius, on Bible inspiration, 514 Perez, Antonio, accusation by, of Philip II. of Spain, 104 Pericles and democracy, 9, 68 effort to prevent predominance of any particular interest in politics, 10 Perronne, on biblical critics, 514 on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500 hostility to Passaglia, 413 rank of, 417 Persecution, attitude to, of Marsilius, 562 by Catholics, principles of, 168-170, 186 by heathen Rome, justified on political grounds, 186 mediæval, justification of, 254 method of escaping from imposition of religious disabilities, 250 natural stage in the progress of society, 250 Protestant theory of, 150; the book by H.C. Lea, review, inadequate as history of, 574 reasons for and against, as a political principle, 252 some noted supporters of, 570 Spain and Sweden contrasted, 170 two propositions regarding, 572-3 Persian wars, influence of, 67 Persians, makers of history, 240 Petavius (s.j.) and the idea of development in religion, 591, 592 Döllinger's early study of, 379 Döllinger's gratitude to, 393 Morris of Exeter advised to read, 380 Peter Martyr, death of Servetus approved by, 185 Petrucci, communications of, forecasting the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 109 mysticism of, 376 Philip II., king of Spain, aid of, essential to crush French Huguenots, 104 the St. Bartholomew massacre urged by, 116-17 orders from, for slaughter of Alva's Huguenot prisoners, 142 revolt against, of the Netherlands, 44 Philo of Alexandria, Lucius's attacks on, 420 on customs of the Essenes, 26 Philosophers, doctrine of passive obedience, upheld by, 48 schemes of, for ideal societies, why never realised, 270-71 Piatti, apologist of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 148 Piedmontese government and the Papacy, 368-9 Pilgrim fathers, belief of, not influencing the American revolution, 584-5 Pistoja, on treatment of heretics in Rome under Pius V., 138 Pitra, influence of, in France, 404 Pius IV., Pope, Bull Multiplices inter, published by, 520-25 Pius V., Pope, blessing given by, to war against Huguenots, 141 denunciatory letter from, to court of France, 110 patron of Muzio, 214-15 previous information of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew supplied to, 130-31 strong anti-Protestant views of, 138-9 on the peace of St. Germains, 105 Pius VII., Pope, destruction of church of France by, 323 influence on Döllinger, 402 cited on Papal authority, 323 Pius IX., Pope, alarm of dissenting bishops allayed by, 519 Archbishop of Paris rebuked by, 526 brief of, to the Archbishop of Munich, censuring Frohschammer, 481-5 character of, described by Döllinger, 365-6 confidence in the support of the bishops at the discussion of Papal infallibility, 523-4 on Döllinger's Kirche und Kirchen, 415 on the infallibility of the Pope, 496 personal popularity of, 497 quarrel with Russia, 493 reform of excommunication laws, 531 treatment of Döllinger, 411 Vatican Council convened and prepared for by, 492-511 obstinacy in management of Vatican Council, 532 reforms of, 402 refusal of permission to Theiner to publish acts of Council of Trent, 431 and Vatican Council, Döllinger's estimate of, 431 veneration of, spell broken by protesting bishops, 531 Planck, Möhler's address to, 378 Plantagenet, house of, claims backed by Rome against house of Bruce, 35 Plantier, authority on Louis Philippe, 402 Platen, diaries of, description of Döllinger's early studies in, 375 Plato, Laws, 22 on class interests, 69, 71 opinions of, 71 not without perverted notions of morality, 18 Republic of, 270 Plebeians, Roman, struggle with aristocracy, 13, 14 Plotinus, ideal society of, 270 Plutarch, religious knowledge of, 406 Poland, 105; Anjou as candidate for throne of, 105; prospects of, after the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 144 an exception to common law of dynastic States, 274; and why, 275; the consequence, the partition, 275 extinction of, 283 government of, and the Reformation, 43 partition of, awakening theory of nationality in Europe, 275 religious toleration in sixteenth century, 103 republic of, nature, 49 Socinians in, Beza's hostility to, 146 wrath in, at the Huguenot massacres, 120 Pole, Cardinal, Il Principe brought to notice of, 214 cited on political scruples, 219 Polish exiles, why always champions of national movements, 286 Protestants, strength and unity of, 103 revolution, causes united in, 284 Political corruption, Hamilton's paradox on, 581 disorders, distribution supersedes concentration of power as remedy against, under Solon, 7 equality at Athens, 68 forms, confusion with popular rights, 238 freedom inherently absent in France, 237-40 habits and ideas special to particular nations, varying in the national history, 297 intelligence, not culture, the test of a conquering race, 242 liberty in modern times the fruit of self-government, 253 life a sign of true patriotism, 293 opposition to Vatican Council, absence of, 511 power should be in proportion to public service, 8 observance of this principle at Athens, 8 principles, obligation of, essentials for understanding, 458 science, America's rank in, its exponents, 578 theory of nationality in contradiction with the historic notion, 243 thoughts on the Church, 188 Politics, attitude to, of the best Americans, 578 conscience in, expedient elasticity of, 212-14 contemporary, Döllinger's part in, 400-403 honesty in, approved by great men, 219-23; not always expedient, 219-21; opinions of Pope Clement, 214; Machiavelli, 212; Michelet, 213; Molino, 213; Sarpi, 213; Soto, 213 laws of, rest on experience, 391 liberty highest end of, 22, 23, 24 Machiavellian, tribute to, 219 principles of, high teaching regarding, in Plato's Laws and Aristotle's Polities, 22 retribution in, 220-23 science of, impartial study, unknown in seventeenth century, 43-46; impartial study originated by Grotius, 46 Politics and science, authority of, now re-established, extent of, 453; discoveries and principles of, how generally judged, 454 Polygamy, attitude of reformers to, 159, 160 Pontiac, price on head of, 213 Pope, the, and the court, Lamennais's distinction between, 464-5 intervention of, between state and sovereign, 257 Popes, the (Medicean), unofficial countenance of Machiavelli, 214 Popular rights, confusion of political forms with, 238 Population, masses of, not benefited by liberty of subject, 94 relief of, aim of modern democracy, 95 Porrette, Marguerite, 558, 568 Portugal, lay representative of, on Vatican Council, 507 Postel, 382 Potomac, army of, 579 Praetorius, 432 Presbyterianism, democratic element in, 81, 82 Döllinger's sketch of, 336-7 Prescott, W., 569 Press, freedom of, in Netherlands Republic inaugurated reign of law, 50 Principles, false, place of, in social life of nations, 272 political, obligation of, essentials for understanding, 458 touchstone and watershed of, 454 Principles and interests, relative importance of, 449 Priscillian, fate of, Lea's view on, 572 Property, liberty and connection between, 54 Protagoras cited, 70 Protestant authorities, use made of, by the Ultramontanes, 451-2 Church government, agitation for reform in Prussia, 347 establishment, its views on government, 260 Reformers, see Reformers "Protestant Theory, The, of Persecution," 150, & see 254, 255, 576 involved in Luther's teaching, 164 developed by Melanchthon, 164 et seq. carried to an extreme by the Anabaptists, 172 carried out by Calvin, 178; and defended by Beza, 183 continued in Massachusetts, 187 characteristics of, 168-70 failure of, 187 Zwinglian varieties of, 174 et seq. Protestantism, aversion of, to freedom, 240 and the civil power, 150, 159, 161, 181 decline of, in Northern Europe, Döllinger's description of, 342-51 Döllinger's survey of, 302-303 final acceptance by, of toleration, 187 friendly feeling of Döllinger towards, 396-7 growth of, 325-52 and the later mediæval sects, essential difference between, 271 never successful in France, 595 toleration as, cause and effect of its decline, 255 Protestants, the, see also Huguenots and Lutherans as cats' paws of France against Spain, 105-16 ordinance of Louis XIV. against, and their action, 50 position and apparent prospects of (1572), 102 English, unanimity amongst, 189 Polish, unity and strength among, 103 Provincial massacres of Huguenots, 105 Prussia, nationality shown in the opposition to Napoleon I., 281 Prynne, on study of records, 393 Pufendorf, expositor of Grotius' doctrines, 46 Purgatory, release from (see Indulgences), obtainable from the Pope, belief in, 495 Puritans in America, intolerance of, 187 Pusey, Dr., Döllinger's letters to, 395-6 in favour of Vatican Council, 493 Puygaillard, mission of, to ensure provincial massacres of Huguenots, 118 note, 119 Pythagoras, an advocate of government by aristocracy, 21 Quetelet, 589 Quicherat and other authorities on Joan of Arc, 558 Quinet, cause to which he attributes the breakdown of the French Revolution, 595 Radowitz, Döllinger's debt to, 402 potential liberality of, 414 Rambler, The, 447 Rambouillet, French Ambassador at Rome, 136 Ranke, Leopold von, calm indifference of historical deductions of, 390 estimate of Macaulay by, 391 old age of, friendship with Döllinger, 396 style of, admiration of Döllinger for, 393 cited on judgment of time, 221; on Luther's conservatism, 161; on Machiavelli's merits, 228 Rattazzi, impoverishing policy of, 509 Raumer, source of historical work of, 386 Rauscher, Cardinal, opponent of Papal infallibility, 532, 533, 535, 544 Ravignan, 400 Raymundus, Döllinger's opinion of works of, 382 Raynaud, account of Machiavelli's death, 215 Rebellion punished by death by the Church in the Middle Ages, 216-19 Reformation, the, discredited by the Peasants' War, 155 Döllinger on, 393-7 early character of, 153 effect of, on governments, 41, 42, 43 Reformers, Protestant, attitude of, to polygamy, 159, 160 common origin of their views on State policy, 150-51 intolerance of, exemplified, 184 Saxon and Swiss, reason of their political differences, 173, 177 on the treatment of heresy, 183 views of, on Church and State, 181 writings of, 150 Regicide (see also Assassination and Murder) urged by mediæval Church to remove tyrants, 217-18 Reid, 593 Reisach, Cardinal, see Munich, Archbishop of Religion in relation to the American government, 584-5 decay in belief of, among Greeks, 8 development of, attitude to, of Bossuet, 591 how it influences State policy, 150 principles of, non-sectarian study of, unknown in seventeenth century, 45-46 reconcilable to liberty, dispute on, 467-9 toleration in, early advocates of, 52 turned into engine of despotism after Reformation, 44 true, definition of, 197 differentiation of, from false, standards for, 449 Religions, multiplicity of, danger from, limited, 250 suppression of, due to danger from doctrine in pagan and mediæval times, 251; only necessary when practice of, dangerous to State, 251 Religious crime, civil jurisdiction over, Beza's views, 146 disabilities, danger of, greater than multiplicity of religions, 250 in Ireland made an engine of political oppression, 253 intelligence and zeal, office of, 460 liberty, defined, 151-2 effect on, of State control, 151-3 incompatibility of, with unity frequent, 252 in Maryland, 187 and political emancipation, connection of, not accidental, 292 persecution and slavery, 64 toleration, see Toleration Renan, Ernest, commendation by, of dishonesty in politics, 225 rank of, as writer in France, 417 Renouvier, Flint's agreement with, 594-5 Representation separability from taxation, origin of this principle in Middle Ages, 39 in America, restrictions on, 579 Representative assemblies, methods of strengthening, 97 government, earliest proclamation and enactment of, 26 not discussed in classical literature, 25, 26 origin of, in Middle Ages, 39 Republic, French (the first), its title and what it signified, 277 Republic of 1848 (France), of what school the triumph, 590 Republican views of Zwingli and Calvin, 42 Republicanism of Athens, 68 primitive, germ of Parliamentary government, 32 true, defined, 277 Republics, government by, good opinion of Louis Philippe as to, 56, 90 of Poland and Venice, contrast between, 49 Resistance, doctrine of, 54 law of, as manifested in the American Revolution, 586 Restoration, French (under Louis XVIII.), effects of, on Nationality, 282 the true, that of 1688., 580 Rettberg, 420 Retz, Cardinal de, opposed to, yet ignorant of, Machiavelli's doctrines, 218 cited on political adaptability, 219 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, an inconsistency, 170; not approved by Innocent XI., 147; remarks on, 266 Revolution, identity of, and difference from, passive obedience, 162 one of the worst enemies of civil freedom, 300 its most powerful auxiliary, present day, 276 Protestantism favourable to, 181 American— not inspired by the belief of the Pilgrim Fathers, 584-5 nothing of, in common with the French, 580 spirit of, 580, 587 supreme manifestation of the law of resistance, 586 of 1848, double debt to, of Nationality, 287 the French— abolition by, of traces of national history, 278 the (1789), causes leading up to, 85, 86, 87 change produced by, how effected, 271; consequences, 272 characteristics peculiar to, roots far back in history, 280 denounced by Burke, 219 doctrines of, adversary of the old despotic policy, 276 essential difference between it and others, 271 injured by its religious policy, 86 ethnological character of, 277, 278 nothing in it in common with the American revolution, 580 revival of a conquered race, 241 no constructive idea given rise to by it, 241 substance of its ideas, 280 theory of equality disastrous to liberty, 88 of 1688, "divine right of freeholders" established by, 54 principles of, anticipated, 179 statesmen of, represented as ancestors of modern liberty, 53 Revolutionary leaders of 1789, ideas of, contrary to idea of Nationality, 281 Revolutions, three phases of those subsequent to the Congress of Vienna, 284-5 Rhode Island, State of, rise of, 187 Richelieu, Cardinal, historical insight of, 409 method of dealing with Protestants, its effect, 116 on subjection of nation, 48 cited on historical deductions based on success, 221 Riehl, on abstract ideas and their power, 585 Rimini, 559 Rio, 432; cited on Döllinger as a theologian, 399 Ritschl, 389 Robespierre, fate of, 401 terrorism of, causes of production of, 262 Robinson cited on progressive revelation, 592 Rochelle, La, siege of, 113 note, 115, 118 Roman conquest of Europe and its consequences, 277 et seq. Romans, as makers of history, 240 persecution of Christians by, reasons for, 196, 198 Rome, see also Church, the conflicts with, 461-91 attitude at, towards Döllinger, 410-14 and the Church at variance, 516-17 popularity of Machiavelli in, 214 statesmen of, permeation of, with Greek ideas, 16 Court of, reformation demanded by Strossmayer, 536 religious power of, as the preservation of civilised Europe, Lea's view, 568 and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, its complicity (believed in), 128, 131; reception at, of the news of, 132, 134, 135 result of Vatican Council, scorn of opposition, 544 ties of English Catholics with, tightened by Wiseman, 438 Wiseman's Address at, criticised by The Patrie, 439; his reply and rebuttal of "covert insinuations" in The Home and Foreign Review, 439-40; reply of that publication, 440; statement of facts concerning the Address, 444 Emperors of, above legal restraint, 78, 79 pleasure of, force of law possessed by, 31 Empire of, creation of the Roman people, not by usurpation, 77, 78 better services rendered by, to cause of liberty than by the Republic, 15 seat of, transferred from Rome to Constantinople, 30 heathen, persecution by, how justified, 186 Republic of, conversion into monarchy by Julius Cæsar, 15 influenced by precept and example, 13, 14 ruined by its own vices, 74 Roscher, intercourse of, with Döllinger, 403 Rosmini, 381; disciples of, 314 Döllinger's pupils sent to, 381 erudition of, 400 Rossi, De, 431; Döllinger's guide in Rome, 411 on epistles of St. Ignatius, 419 friendship with Cardinal Reisach, 501 Rouen, clergy of, desirous of Huguenot extirpation, 142 reluctance of Carouge to allow Huguenot massacre at, 119 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, cause of his power as a political writer, 84 definition of the social compact, 57 effects of his teaching on Marat, 57, 58 proclaimer of equality, 273 vindication of natural society by, 263 on true sense of country, 294 Royalism, execution of Charles I., a triumph for, 51 Royalty exalted into a religion (see also Divine Right of Kings and Passive Obedience), 47 Ruinart, credulous criticism of, 420 Rümelin, 589; on political expediency, 222 Russia, and its adoption of Greek Church, 333-4 attitude of, to Vatican Council, 508 quarrel of, with Pius IX., 493 Russian nationality attacked by Napoleon I., 281 Saccarelli, Döllinger's tribute to, 387 "Sacerdotal Celibacy," 561; and the Droit du Seigneur, 566 Sacred College, the, attitude of, on the St. Bartholomew, 140 Salviati's eminence at, 110 Sadolet, Paul, cited, on massacre of Vaudois of Provence, 217 Sailer, 402 St. Augustine, cited, 197; in praise of Seneca, 25 St. Bartholomew, the Massacre of (see Massacre of St, Bartholomew), 44, 101; not a crime of the people, 43 St. Bernard, 434 St. Brieuc, agreement with Gratry's views, 537 St. Cyprian, intolerance a rule of life from the days of, Lea's view, 562 St. Dominic as the First Inquisitor, 553; so entitled by Sixtus V. 558 attitude of, to heretics, 428, 554 house of, at Toulouse, headquarters of the Inquisition, 552 St. Elizabeth of Hungary, strange choice by, of a confessor, 570 St. Francis of Assisi, Lea's view of, 569 St. Germains, Peace of, advantages of, to French Huguenots, 105; alarmist views on, of Salviati, 110 St. Irenaeus, language of, which might be taken as Arian, 592 St. Louis, Archbishop of, on the Immaculate Conception, 545 on Papal Infallibility, 533, 545; his protest against the doctrine, 499 St. Martin, mysticism of, 376; study of, by De Maistre, 377 St. Pölten, Bishop of (Fessler), and the proposed discussion of Papal Infallibility at Vatican Council, 500-501, 513 reform urged by, 495 Secretary of Vatican Council, 501 St. Raymond and the Inquisition, 556-7 St. Sulpice, Catechism of, Lea's deductions from, 570 opposition of, to Lamennais's Ultramontanism, 463 St. Thomas Aquinas, later exponent of Plato's Politics, 72 cited on the relation of Kings to the People, 36, 37 Sainte Beuve, C.A., cited on political fatalism, 221 Ste. Hilaire, Barthélemy, cited on Machiavelli's politics, 219 Salvianus on social virtues of pagans, 33 Salviati, despatches of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 132, 133; as utilised by Acton, and his predecessors, 102 on the "spirit of a Christian," as shown by Charles IX. at the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 122 on the true reason for the Navarre marriage, 135 Samarra, the, 569 San Callisto, Döllinger's visit to, 411 San Germano, treaty of, 555 San Marino, 386 Santa Croce, Nuncio, information derived from, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 102; on the plans framed at Bayonne against Huguenots, 108 & note, 108-9 alleged report by, on the intended Huguenot massacre, 131-2 Sarpi, Paolo, cited on political honesty, 213 Savigny, 380; influence of, on Döllinger, 376 leading doctrines of, 594 source of historical works of, 386 Savonarola, Girolamo, 556 Savoy, motto of its abortive rising in 1834., 286 not surprised by the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 109 Duke of, and the marriage of Coligny, 110 Say, J.B., cited on political virtues, 219 Schelling, 403 estrangement of, from Döllinger, 381 mythology of, 405 cited on collective thought, 585-6 Scherer, Edmond, cited on progress, 221 Schlegel, H.W.F. von, classed as Ultramontane, 451 studied by Döllinger, 375 Schleiermacher, F.E.D., Döllinger on, 375 Schmalkald, Confession of, on excommunication, 158 Schomberg on Charles IX. and the provincial massacres, 120 Schopenhauer, metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for, 381 Schottmüller, 421, 574; conclusions of, on the trial of the Templars, 563 Schrader, Clement, reputation of, 502 on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500 Schwarzenberg, Cardinal, manager of German elections to Commission on Dogma, 529, 532 Cardinal, opposition of, at Vatican Council, 525-6 on Papal Infallibility, 544 Schwenkfeld, Kaspar von, his doctrines condemned by Melanchthon, 167 Science, demands of, on its students, 453 liberty of, in the Church, 461-91 liberty in, questioned through Frohschammer's excommunication, 477 power of, to act upon religion, not foreseen in 1679., 595 Science and religion, reconciliation of, 462; denied by Frohschammer, 462; accepted by Lamennais, 462-3 Science, truth essential in, 449 German, great services to intellectual liberty, 469 religious, definition of, 389 Scientific truth, certainty of essentials for understanding, 458 Sclopis, Count, on character of Machiavelli, 226 Scotland, Döllinger on Presbyterianism of, 337 triumph of Reformation in, over the State, 43 Scott, Hope, consulted by Döllinger, 395 Sega, Bishop of Piacenza and Nuncio, attitude of, to murder for the glory of God, 139 Self-government, faculty of, opposed to tradition of antiquity, 31 in a great democracy, how alone preservable, 277; that kind of, which constitutes true republicanism, 277 modern political liberty the result of, 253 Self-sacrifice, renovation of society on principles of, 58 Seneca, his elevated sentiments praised by St. Augustine, 25 religious knowledge of, 406 views of, 73 Sermoneta, 131 Servetus, Michael, 430; his condemnation approved by Melanchthon, 167; and by other Reformers, 175, 184-5; defended by Calvin, 181-2; but not politically justified, 184-5 Seward, W.H., on the rights sought by the revolting Americans, 587 praise by, of Hamilton's statesmanship, 581 Shakespeare, study of, Döllinger's motive for, 432 Sherman, General, 579 Sicily, the Inquisition in, 1224., 553-4 Sickel, 422 Sidney, Algernon, character of, 53 slight knowledge of Machiavelli's works, 218 Sieyès, 277; council suggested by, 96 doctrine of, 57 Sigismund, King of Poland, Beza's advice to, on Socinianism, 146 Sigonius, Döllinger's gratitude to, 393 Simancas, annotations of, on Campeggio's commentary, 559-60 Simpson, 432 Sixtine Chapel, Vasari's paintings in, illustrative of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 135 Sixtus V., Pope, attitude of, to the murder of the Guises, 121-2 Döllinger's estimate of, 424 St. Dominic entitled by, the First Inquisitor, 558 a strong Pope, 138 Slavery and democracy, 63 Slavery, general extinction of, in Europe in Middle Ages, 39 principle of, implicit opposition of Stoics to, 25, 26 and practice of, rejected by Essenes, 26 Slavonic races, 245 stationary national character of, 241 Smith, Adam, doctrine of, 57 known in France, 219 Smith, Goldwin, on the Catholic Church in Ireland, 259 on history, success only attribute acknowledged by, 223 Smith, Sir Thomas, on English attitude to the French, after the Huguenot massacres, 144 & note Socialism, baneful alliance of, with democracy, 92, 93, 98 and slavery, 63 Societies, Epicurean notion that they are founded on contract for mutual protection, 18 Society and government, association and correspondence of, 265 Society of Jesus (see also Jesuits), Arragonese influence in its constitution, 557 Socinians, reason of their persecution, 169 Socinus, partial advocate of toleration, 52 Socrates, 406; on democracy, 71 death of, crowning act of guilt of Athenian government, 12 method of, essentially democratic, 71 records of, 409 view of, on laws of country as sole guide of conduct, 18 Solon, decentralisation of power advised by, to remedy social disorders, 7 doctrine of, that political power should be commensurate with public service, 8 influence of, on democracy, 66, 68 revision of laws of Athens by, 6 good results of his forethought in providing for revision of Athenian constitution, 7, 8 Sophists, doctrine of, 70 their ideas of utilitarianism, 17 Sorbin, Confessor of Charles IX., and the Orleans massacres, 126; his account of the death of Charles IX., 126-7 & note on premeditation of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 112 Soto, on political conscience, 216 cited on assassination as a political resource, 213 Spain (see also Cadiz Constitution), abortive monarchy of (1812), 89 absolute monarchy in, due to appropriation of tribunal of Inquisition, 41 designs against, of Charles IX., utilisation in, of the Protestants, 105, 116 effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143 and the Inquisition, 152 Montalembert's journey to, 425 national character of rejection of French forces and ideas, 281 Parliamentary system of, origin, 34 reasons for persecution in, 170 and representation on Vatican Council, 507 view in, of the planned character of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124 Spinoza, advocate of passive obedience to the State, 48 interpreter of Machiavelli, 228 Spirit of the American Revolution, what it was, 587; what it was not, 584-5 Spondanus, Bishop, on Gregory XIII., reasons for permitting the Navarre marriage, 128 Stahl, J., 589; injustice of Döllinger to, 391 Stahr, A., cited on historical deductions, 221 Stanley, Dean, considered Vatican Council important to all denominations, 493 State, the (see also Church and State), authority of, excessive in ancient times, insufficient in Middle Ages, 4 free constitution of, free action of Church a test of, 246 limitations of its duties, 3 and religious liberty, 151-3 sole authority according to modern theory, 151 sole care of the Absolutists, eighteenth century, 273 State Church, its connection with the community, 260 of Ireland, Goldwin Smith on, 259 States, boundaries of, as coincident with Nationalities, J.S. Mill on, 285 classic, taking from citizens more than they gave them. 17; vice of, 16 small, drawbacks of, 295 States-General, the, and the Inquisition, 570 Stein, 282 Stenzel, G.A.H., cited on political expediency, 222 Stephen, Leslie, cited on philosophy of history based on truth, 223 Stewart, Dugald, praise of Machiavelli, 224 Stoics, their emancipation of mankind from subjugation to despotic rule, 24 their implied opposition to principle of slavery, 25, 26 their teaching nearest approach to that of Christianity, 24, 25 views of, 73 Stolberg, classed as Ultramontane, 451 Story, on Tocqueville's views of the American Constitution, 576 cited on The Federalist, 581 Strappado, the, 569 Strasburg, Senate of, reluctance of, to act harshly to Catholics, 172 Stratagemma, Lo, di Carlo IX., and its author, 129 Strossmayer, Bishop (upon Turkish frontier), 548; absence of, from vote on decree (involving acceptance of Infallibility), 543 demand for reform made by, 536 opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522 protest of, to Vatican Council altered before presentation, harmony restored by, 542 on authority of Vatican Council, 541 on the dogmatic decree, 527, 533 on ungenerous treatment of Protestants, 541 Strozza, Philip, 113 note Stuart, House of, misrule of, only temporarily foiled under Cromwell, 50 upholders of supremacy of kingship over people, 47 Suarez, revision of MS. of, in Rome, 428 Suffrage, limitations of, effects of, 96 restricted, not always a safeguard of monarchy, 2 universal, of what school the triumph, 590 Sunderland, 410 Sura, Bishop of, 519 Sweden, bishops of, and political assassinations, 217 religion in, Döllinger on, 341-2 working of Protestant theory of persecution in, 170 Swift, Jonathan, 409 Swiss, the, true nationality of, 294-5 Constitution (1874), significant work of modern democracy, 91 reformers, unlikenesses of, to the Saxons, 173 Switzerland, see Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Calvinism in, Döllinger on, 338-9 Cantons of, influence in days preceding French Revolution, 50 progress and success of democracy in, 91 and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 120, 124-5 Sybel, H. von, historical style of, 384 cited on historical deduction, 221 Sylla, invested with dangerous powers, 77 Syllabus, the Archbishop of Paris led by, to urge moderation, 526 the, designed to restore authority to the Church, 492 opinions of Pius IX. collected in, 496-8 opposition controlled by, 524 Prince Hohenlohe opposed to discussing state maxims of, at Vatican Council, 503-4 Symmachus, cited, 196 Synods, Acts of, alleged tampering with, as affecting doctrine of Infallibility, 499 Tacitus, confession of, respecting mixed constitutions, 20 Taine, Henri, Döllinger's ambiguous praise of, 417 influence of, on Döllinger, 434 Talleyrand de Perigord, Charles Maurice, 100 signs of sympathy with idea of nationality shown by, 282-3 cited on Hamilton, 581 Tapparelli, classed as Ultramontane, 451 Taxation of American colonists, opposition of Lords Chatham and Camden to, 55 exemption of clergy from, 34 inseparable from representation, origin of this principle in Middle Ages, 39 Taylor, Sir Henry, on necessity for political subtlety, 219 Téligny and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107 Tempesti on Catherine de' Medici and the Massacre of St-Bartholomew, 148 Templars, Döllinger's lecture on, 433 trial of, Lea's conclusions on, 552, 563 Temporal power of the Papacy, 312-13, 352-62, 367-71, 412-16, 422-5 antagonism to, 315-16 Döllinger on, 301-74 Terror, the, see Reign of Terror Tertullian, language of, which might be taken as Arian, 592 Teutonic races, missionaries the channel of conversion to Christianity, 245 union political more than religious, 244 State and the Church, quarrel between, cause of revival of democracy, 80 tribes, Christianity readily accepted by, 199 Theiner, A., early views of, superseded, 429 Life of Clement the Fourteenth, by, 411 Permission to publish acts of Council of Trent, refused to, by the Pope, 431 skill of, as editor, 421 as source of information on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 102 views of, on Jesuits not in agreement with Döllinger, 411-12 Theognis on domination of oligarchies, 6 Theology in Germany, unique and scientific, 317, 347-51, 376, 471-82 schools of, at Munich, 375, and Tübingen, 376 Theramenes as statesman, 70 Thiers, Adolphe, opinion of Machiavelli's works, 227 Thou, De, and the charge against the Bordeaux clergy, 127 note on the Navarre marriage, 128 reproached for condemning Huguenot massacres, 147 Thucydides on reformed government at Athens, 12 Tocqueville, 400; indictment brought by, against democracy, 93 influence of, on Döllinger's politics, 414 on the inspiration of the American Revolution, 584 on the need for two chambers in a Senate, 575-6 cited on the American federal constitution, 576 on democracy and absolute government, 239 Toledo, Councils of, framework of Parliamentary system of Spain, 34 Toleration, advocacy of, by William Penn, 84 of Anabaptists, varying views of Reformers on, 157, 164, 176 anonymous tract on, against Calvin, 182 Calvinism a danger to, 180 cause and effect of decline of Protestantism, 255 early attitude of Reformers towards, 153-55, 168 in the early church, 186 Edict of, deceitful, of Charles IX., 117 Maryland an example of, 187 as a political principle, reasons for and against, 252 religious, in Poland, 103 forced upon Protestantism, 187 Protestant theory of, 151 and religious liberty, 152 traditional, attitude to, of Lea, 562 views of Beza on, 146 Tommasini, praise of Machiavelli, 226 Torquemada, 569 Tosti, on Papal Liberty, 313 on Temporal Power, 412 Toulouse, and the Albigenses, 556 Count of, and the Council of Arles, 565 Treitschke, cited on Political Morality, 222 Trent Commissioners and prohibited works, 215 Trent, Council of, 111, 175 intolerance of, reformed by Vatican Council, 493-4 spirit of, 138 Treviso (province), story of, 387 Tridentine Reformation, see Trent, Council of Tronchin, on Voltaire's death, 215 Tübingen, heresies of, 381 school of positive theology at, 376, 377 Turgot, attempted reforms of, 85 cited on political expediency, 220 views of, on single or double form of Legislature, 576 Turin, Court of, policy of, 445 Turks, Charles IX.'s pourparlers with, 104 Twesten, cited in support of Machiavelli's policy, 229 Tyrol, movement in, against Napoleonic institutions, a national one, 281 Ultramontane school, eminent writers of, two peculiarities of, 451 supersession of, 452 Ultramontanism, see also Döllinger extreme, considered to be keystone of the Church, by Lamennais, 462-3 United States, see America Unity, aimed at, by English Catholics, 438 change of constitution effected by, in Italy and Germany, 225 of faith in France, enforcement of, aim of the Court, 117 liberty sacrificed to, by Machiavelli, 229 in relation to nationality, 287, 289 and religious liberty, incompatibility of, frequent, 252 necessity for, in Church and State, 252 religious, in relation to religious freedom, 152 Universal suffrage, of what school the triumph, 590 University of Paris and the Inquisition, 570 Ussher, Archbishop, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 47 Utilitarianism in classical ages, 17 Utrecht Psalter, story of, 551 Vaissète, 565 Valois, Margaret of, see Navarre, Queen of Vasari, paintings by, in the Sixtine Chapel, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 135 Vatican Council, 431, 492-550 constitution of, 501-11 convened by Pius IX., 492; approbation of Pius IX.'s action in convening, 492-511 decree of, dissatisfaction with, 531 discussion on validity of dicta of, 548 Infallibility, doctrine of, its victory over opposition, 543 letter from German bishops to, on doctrinal points, 517 methods of, reformed to involve admission of Papal Infallibility, 539 opening of, 511 opposition at, 492-511, 525-9 preparations for, 492-511 proceedings of, 527-50 programme of, discussed in The Reform of the Church in its Head and Members, 494-6 representation on:— by Belgium, 507 by England, 506 by France, 504 by Germany, 505 by Italy, 508 by Portugal, 507 by Spain, 507 Strossmayer prevented by, from protesting, 541 Vaticinia Pontificum, Lea's knowledge of, 560 Vauban, Marshal, 48 Vaudois, the, of Provence, extermination of, by Louis XII., 217 Vavasour, Sir Edward, acquaintance of, with Döllinger, 388 Venice, extinction of, as State, 283 not surprised by the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 109; the event celebrated at, 125 and political murders, 213, 214 withdrawal of, from the League, 105, 107 republic of, nature, 49 Vergennes, cited on political judgment, 227 Vergniaud, on the laws in relation to the will of the people, 276 Verona, centre of historical work, 387 Vespucci, 562 Veuillot, Louis, Döllinger on, 428 and the Droit du Seigneur, 566 Montalembert, cited on, 428 Vico, 590 Vienna, Congress of, dynastic interests predominant at, 282-3 effects of, on ideas of nationality, 283 Vienne, Inquisition at, and Servetus, 184 Villari, admiration of Machiavelli, 226 Vinet, 591 Virginia and Maryland, 187 Visconti family, models for Machiavelli, 212 Vitae Paparum Avenionensium, utilised by Lea and others, 559 Vives, toleration taught by, 570 Voltaire, profane criticism of, 218 Waldenses, analogy of Arnold of Brescia with, 559 why they opposed persecution, 563 Waldus, 558 Walpole, Horace, cited on political scruples, 219 Walsingham, English ambassador in France, his reports on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 101, 107, 115-16 condemnation by French Catholics as a whole, 143 War, art of, no national feeling in, till after 1789., 274 of Deliverance, new forces evoked by, 282 of 1859, troubles of the Papacy after, 412-14 Wars of religion, end of, 274 Washington, George, 579 political example of, 586 Waterloo, 282 Webster, 584 Weingarten on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism, 420 Wesel, English Calvinists at, 170 Wesley, John, Döllinger's tribute to, 395 Westminster, Archbishop of, at Council of Bishops, 1867., 500 on Papal Infallibility, 528 Westphalia, Peace of, and Roman ambition, 323, 324 Whigs, English, and their continental counterparts, attitude of, after Waterloo, 282 Wilberforce, Archdeacon, Döllinger consulted by, 395 Samuel, Bishop of Winchester, story of, 551 Wilkins, 421 Will or sovereignty, the, of the people (see also Democracy), as criterion of right, 271; as above the law, 276; idea of, the parent of idea of nationality, 277 theory of nationality involved in, 287 William III., King of England, and massacre of Glencoe, 218, 410 Windelband, cited on national government, 227 Windischmann (elder), Döllinger's esteem for, 381 public indifference to, 430 Winkelmann on the Inquisition, 426 Wirtemberg, left by Möhler, after publication of Symbolik, 377 Duke of, and the Huguenot refugees, 145 Wiseman, Cardinal, 424, 436 Döllinger consulted by, on mediæval authorities, 390-91 influence of, on the Church of England, and on the Oxford movement, 437-8 literary standing of, 437, 438 position of, universal and local in Catholicism, 437 relations of, with English Catholics, 437, 438 view of, on English theology, 380 work of, at Oscott, 438 on the "covert insinuations" of the Home and Foreign Review, 439-40; the editor's defence of that publication, 440 et seq. Witt, De, murder of, 410 Wittelsbach, house of, contests of the Empire in the, 275 Würzburg, Bishop of, reform urged by, 495 (city) Döllinger and Platen at, 375 Wycliffe, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's, 271 Ximenes, Cardinal, and the Inquisition, 570 Young Europe, Mazzini's evolution of Young Italy, 286 Young Italy and Mazzini, 286 Zanchini, an Inquisitor, leading authority of the fourteenth century, 559; cited by Lea, 560 Zeller, cited on Anti-Machiavel policy in Prussia, 227 Zimmerman, Wilhelm, and Machiavelli's policy, 227 Zuñiga, Juan and Diego, 123 denunciation by, of French treachery even to heretics, etc., 144 Zürich, the question of toleration in, 174, 175 Zwickau, Saxony, prophets of, Melanchthon's attitude towards, 164 Zwingli, Ulrich, influence of, on politics, 81; influence of environment on him, 173, 177 theory of government, including persecution, 173-4 republican views of, 42 Zwinglian schism, influence of, on Luther, 155 Zwinglians, the, condemned by Melanchthon, 167, 170 note