INDEX.
Reading edition
A.
Acetic Acid, 10
Acid, Acetic, 10
---- Arachidic, 10
---- Behenic, 10
---- Butyric, 10
---- Capric, 10
---- Caproic, 10
---- Caprylic, 10
---- Carnaubic, 10
---- Cerotic, 10
---- Daturic, 10
---- Doeglic, 11
---- Elæomargaric, 12
---- Elæostearic, 12
---- Erucic, 11
---- Ficocerylic, 10
---- Hyænic, 10
---- Hypogæic, 11
---- Isolinolenic, 12
---- Isovaleric, 10
---- Jecoric, 12
---- Lauric, 10
---- Lignoceric, 10
---- Linolenic, 12
---- Linolic, 12
---- Margaric, 10
---- Medullic, 10
---- Melissic, 10
---- Moringic, 11
---- Myristic, 10
---- Oleic, 11
---- Palmitic, 10
---- Physetoleic, 11
---- Pisangcerylic, 10
---- Psyllostearylic, 10
---- Rapic, 11
---- Ricinoleic, 13
---- Saponification, 19-21
---- Stearic, 10
---- Tariric, 12
---- Telfairic, 12
---- Theobromic, 10
---- Tiglic, 11
---- value, 118, 128
Acids, Classification of fatty, 10
---- Fatty, 9-13
---- ---- Combination with Alkali, 45, 46
Acids, Fatty, Preparation by acid process, 19-21
---- ---- ---- by ferment process, 16
---- ---- ---- by Twitchell's process, 20
---- Saturated fatty, 11
---- Unsaturated fatty, 11
Albumen in soap, 90
Alcohols, Estimation of, 128
Aldehydes, Estimation of, 129
Alkali, Caustic and carbonated, 38, 39, 123-126
Alkali in soap, Determination of, 131, 132
Amyl salicylate, 107
Andiroba oil, 32
Animal charcoal, 115
---- fats, Treatment of, 43
Anise (star) oil, 96
Anisic aldehyde, 108
Arachidic acid, 10
Arachis oil, 28
Artificial perfumes, 107-110
Ash, Soda, 39, 124, 125
Aspic oil, 96
Aqueous saponification, 14
Aubépine, 108
B.
Bacteria, Decomposition of fats by, 18
Baobab-seed oil, 36
Bar soap, 54, 55
Barring soap, 68
Bay oil, 97
Behenic acid, 10
Benzyl acetate, 108
Bergamot oil, 97
---- ---- (artificial), 109
Biniodide soaps, 87
Birch-tar soap, 88
Bitter almond oil, 97
Bleaching palm oil, 41
---- rosin, 43
Boiling-on-strength, 51
Bois de Rose Femelle oil, 99
Bone-fat, 30
---- ---- treatment of, 43
Borax in soap, 88
Boric acid in soap, 88
Boric acid in soap, Determination of, 135
Borneo tallow, 32
Brine, 39
Bromine absorption of oils and fats, 122
Brown Windsor soap, 78, 98
Butter goa, 33
---- kokum, 33
---- shea, 31
Butyric acid, 10
Butyrin, 8
C.
Calico-printer's soap, 93
Cananga oil, 98
Candle-nut oil, 33
Capric acid, 10
Caprin, 8
Caproic acid, 10
Caproin, 8
Caprylic acid, 10
Caprylin, 8
Carapa oil, 32
Caraway oil, 98
Carbolic acid in soap, Determination of, 134
Carbolic soap, 88
Carbonate potash, 39, 125, 126
---- soda, 39, 124, 125
Carnaubic acid, 10
Cassia oil, 98
Castor oil, 30
Caustic potash, 39, 123
---- soda, 39, 123
Cayenne linaloe oil, 99
Cedarwood oil, 98
Cerotic acid, 10
Charcoal, Animal, 115
Chinese vegetable tallow, 31
Cholesterol in unsaponified matter, 120
Cinnamon oil, 98
Citral, 108
Citronella oil, 99
Citronellal, 108
Cleansing soap, 60, 61
Close-piling soap, 71
Clove oil, 99
Coal tar soaps, 88
Cocoa-nut oil, 25, 26
Cohune-nut oil, 34
Cold process soap-making, 46, 47
Colouring soap, 66, 80, 82
Compressing soap, 83, 85
Concrete orris oil, 100
Constitution of oils and fats, 6, 7
Conversion of oleic acid into solid acids, 11, 12
Cooling soap, 74, 76
Coprah oil, 25, 26
Cotton-seed oil, 27, 42
---- ---- Refining, 42
---- soapstock, 40
---- stearine, 28
Coumarin, 108
Crude glycerine, 113, 136-139
Crutching soap, 63
Curcas oil, 33
Curd mottled soap, 52, 53
Curd soaps, 52
Cutting and stamping toilet soap, 85
D.
Daturic acid, 10
Decolorisation, Glycerine, 115
Decomposition of fats by bacteria, 18
Detergent action of soap, 4, 5
Diglycerides, 7
Dika fat, 36
Disinfectant soaps, 66
Distearine, 7
Distillation, glycerine, 114
Distilled glycerine, 114
Doeglic acid, 11
Double distilled glycerine, 115
Dregs in fats and oils, Determination of, 120, 121
Drying soap, 71, 78-80
Dynamite glycerine, 115
E.
Elaidin reaction, 12
Electrical production of soap, 59
Elæomargaric acid, 12
Elæostearic acid, 12
Enzymes, Action of, 15-18
Erucic acid, 11
Essential oils, 96-107
---- ---- Examination of, 127-130
Ester value, 119, 128
Ether soap, 90
Eucalyptus oil, 100
Evaporation to crude glycerine, 112, 113
F.
Fat, Bone, 30
---- Dika, 36
---- Maripa, 34
---- Marrow, 30
---- Niam, 34
---- Tangkallah, 37
---- Treatment of bone, 43
Fats, Decomposition by bacteria of, 18
---- Treatment of animal, 43
---- Waste, 30
Fats and oils, Determination of acid value of, 118
---- ---- ---- of bromine absorption of, 122
---- ---- ---- of dregs, etc., in, 120, 121
---- ---- ---- of free acidity of, 117
---- ---- ---- of iodine absorption of, 121, 122
---- ---- ---- of saponification
---- ---- ---- equivalents of, 118
---- ---- ---- of saponification value, 118
---- ---- ---- of specific gravity of, 117 of titre of, 122, 123
---- ---- ---- of unsaponifiable matter in, 119
---- ---- ---- of water in, 120
---- ---- ---- Yield of glycerine from, 116
Fatty acids, 9-13, 31
---- ---- Classification of, 10
---- ---- Direct combination with alkali of, 45, 46
---- ---- in soap, Determination of, 131
---- ---- ---- Examination of, 133, 134
---- ---- Preparation by acid process, 19-21
---- ---- ---- by ferment process, 16
---- ---- ---- by Twitchell's process, 20
---- ---- Saturated, 11
---- ---- Unsaturated, 11
Fennel oil, 100
Ferment process for preparation of fatty acids, 16
Ferments, action of, 15-18
Ficocerylic acid, 10
Filling soap, 65
Fish oils, 30
"Fitting," 51
Floating soap, 90, 91
Fluorides in soap, 88
Formaldehyde soap, 88
Framing soap, 66
Free alkali in soap, Estimation of, 132
---- caustic in soap, Neutralising, 66
---- fat in soap, Determination of, 133
---- fatty acids, Determination of, 117
G.
Geraniol, 108
Geranium oils, 101
Geranium-sur-rose oil, 101
Ginger-grass oil, 101
Glycerides, 7, 8
Glycerine, Chemically pure, 115
---- Crude, 113, 136-139
---- decolorisation, 115
---- distillation, 114
---- Distilled, 114
---- dynamite, 115
---- in soap, Determination of, 134, 135
---- manufacture, 111-114
---- saponification, 116
---- soaps, 89
---- Yield of, from fats and oils, 116
Glycerol determination, acetin method, 136
---- ---- bichromate method, 137, 138
---- in lyes, Estimation of, 135
Goa-butter, 33
"Graining-out," 50
Grease, Animal, 30
---- Bone, 30
---- Kitchen, 30
---- Skin, 30
Guaiac wood oil, 101
H.
Halphen's reaction, 134
Heliotropin, 108
Hemp-seed oil, 29
Hyacinth, 108
Hyænic acid, 10
Hydrated soaps, 48, 49
Hydrolysis accelerated by heat and electricity, 14, 15
---- accelerated by use of chemical reagents, 19-23
---- accelerated with acid, 19, 21
---- Enzymic, 15-18
---- of oils and fats, 13-23
---- of soap, 3
Hypogæic acid, 11
I.
Ichthyol soap, 89
Inoy-kernel oil, 37
Iodine absorption of rose oil, 130
---- absorption of oils and fats, 121,122:
---- soap, 89
Ionone, 108
Isolinolenic acid, 12
Isovaleric acid, 10
Isovalerin, 8
J.
Jasmine, 109
Jecoric acid, 12
K.
Kananga oil, 98
Kapok oil, 32
"Kastilis," 88
Kokum butter, 33
L.
Lard, 25
Lauric acid, 10
Laurin, 8
Lavender oils, 101
Lemon-grass oil, 102
Lemon oil, 102
Lignoceric acid, 10
Lime oil, 102
---- saponification, 22
Linaloe oil, 102
Linalol, 109
Linalyl acetate, 109
Linolenic acid, 12
Linolic acid, 12
Linseed oil, 29
Lipase, 18
Liquoring of soaps, 64
Lyes, analysis of, 135
---- Determination of glycerol in, 135
---- Evaporation of, 112
---- Treatment of, 111, 112
Lysol soap, 89
M.
Mafura tallow, 35
Magnesia, Hydrolysis by, 22
Maize oil, 28
Margaric acid, 10
Margosa oil, 35
Marine animal oils, 30
---- soap, 49
Maripa fat, 34
Marjoram oil, 103
Medicated soaps, 86-90
Medullic acid, 10
Melissic acid, 10
Melting point, 130
Mercury soaps, 87
Milled toilet soaps, 78
Milling soap, 80, 81
---- soap-base, 54, 78
Mineral oil, saponifying, 58, 59
Mirbane oil or nitrobenzene, 109
Mixed glycerides, 8
Monoglycerides, 7
Monostearin, 7
Moringic acid, 11
Mottled soaps, 52, 53
---- ---- Pickling, 54
Moulds, Soap, 72, 85, 86
Mowrah-seed oil, 31
Musk (artificial), 109
Myristic acid, 8
Myristin, 8
N.
Naphthol soap, 89
Neroli Bigarade oil, 103
---- oil (artificial), 109
Neutralising free caustic in soap, 66, 80
Niam fat, 34
Nigre, 56
Nigres, Utilisation of, 56
Niobe oil or ethyl benzoate, 110
Nitrobenzene, 109
O.
Oeillet, 10
Oil, Andiroba, 32
---- Arachis, 28
---- Aspic (lavender spike), 96
---- Baobab-seed, 36
---- Bay, 97
---- Bergamot, 97
---- Bitter almond, 97
---- Bleaching palm, 41
---- Bois de Rose Femelle, 99
---- Cananga, 98
---- Candle-nut, 33
---- Carapa, 32
---- Caraway, 98
---- Cassia, 98
---- Castor, 30
---- Cayenne linaloe, 99
---- Cedarwood, 98
---- Cinnamon, 98
---- Citronella, 99
---- Clove, 99
---- Cocoa-nut, 25, 26
---- Cohune-nut, 34, 35
---- Concrete orris, 100
---- Coprah, 25, 26
---- Cotton-seed, 27, 42
---- Curcas, 33
---- Eucalyptus, 100
---- Fennel, 100
---- Geranium, 101
---- Ginger-grass, 101
---- Guaiac-wood, 101
---- Hemp-seed, 29
---- Inoy-kernel, 37
---- Kananga, 98
---- Kapok, 32
---- Lemon, 102
---- Lemon-grass, 102
---- Lime, 102
---- Linaloe, 102
---- Linseed, 29
---- Maize, 28
---- Margosa, 35
---- Marjoram, 103
---- Mowrah-seed, 31
---- Neroli Bigarade, 103
---- Olive, 26
---- Olive-kernel, 27
---- Orange, 163
---- Palm, 27, 41
---- Palm-nut, 26
---- Palmarosa, 103
---- Patchouli, 103
---- Peppermint, 103, 104
---- Persimmon-seed, 36
---- Peru-balsam, 104
---- Petit-grain, 104
---- Pongam, 35
---- Refining cotton-seed, 42
---- Rose, 105
---- Rosemary, 105
---- Safflower, 33, 34
---- Sandalwood, 105, 106
---- Saponifying mineral, 58, 59
---- Sassafras, 106
---- Sesame, 28, 29
---- Star-anise, 96
---- Sunflower, 29
---- Thyme, 106
---- Verbena, 106
---- Vetivert, 106-107
---- Wheat, 36
---- Wild mango, 36
---- Wintergreen, 107
---- Ylang-ylang, 107
Oils and fats, Constitution of, 6, 7
---- ---- Examination of, 117-123
---- ---- Hydrolysis of, 13-22
---- Fish and marine animal, 30
---- Lavender, 101
---- Refractive Index of, 122
---- treatment of vegetable, 43
Oleic acid, 11
---- ---- into solid acids, Conversion of, 11, 12
Olein, 8, 9, 31
---- Cocoa-nut, 31
---- Palm-nut, 31
Oleodidaturin, 8
Oleodipalmitin, 8
Oleodistearin, 8
Oleopaimitostearin, 8
Olive-kernel oil, 27
Olive oil, 26
Open-piling soap, 71
Optical rotation, 127
Orange oil, 103
Orchidée, 107
Orris oil, concrete, 100
P.
Palm oil, 27, 41
---- ---- Bleaching, 41
Palmarosa oil, 103
Palmitic acid, 10
Palmitin, 8
Palmitodistearin, 8
Palm-nut oil, 26
Pasting or saponification, 49
Patchouli oil, 103
Patent textile soaps, 94
Pearl-ash, Analysis of, 125, 126
Peppermint oil, 103, 104
Perfumer's soaps, 77, 78
Perfumes, Artificial and synthetic, 107-110
---- Soap, 95-110
Perfuming soaps, 94
Persimmon seed oil, 36
Peru-balsam oil, 104
Petit-grain oil, 104
Phenols, Determination of, 129
Physetoleic acid, 11
Phytosterol in unsaponifiable matter, 120
Pickling mottled soap, 54
Pisangcerylic acid, 10
Polishing soaps, 94
Pongam oil, 35
Potash, Carbonate, 39, 125, 126
---- Caustic, 89, 123
Potassium chloride, 126
---- Determination of, 126, 132
Powders, Soap, 94
Psyllostearylic acid, 10
R.
Rancidity, 18, 24
Rapic acid, 11
Refining cotton-seed oil, 42
Refractive index of oils and fats, 122
Remelted soaps, 77, 78
Resinate of soda, 43, 44
Ricinoleic acid, 13
Ricinolein, 8
Rose oil, 105
---- ---- (artificial), 110
Rosemary oil, 105
Rosin, 37, 38, 43, 44, 55
---- Bleaching, 43
---- Determination of, 133, 134
---- treatment, 43, 44
S.
Safflower oil, 33, 34
Safrol, 110
Salt, 39, 126
---- Determination of, 124, 125, 126, 132
Sandalwood oil, 105, 106
Santalol, 110
Saponification, 13-22, 49
---- accelerated by heat and electricity, 14, 15
---- accelerated by use of chemical reagents, 19, 23
---- accelerated with Twitchell's reagent, 20
---- Acid, 19, 21
---- Aqueous, 14
---- by ferment process, 20
---- equivalent, 118
---- Glycerine, 116
---- Lime, 22
---- under pressure, 47
---- value, 118, 128
Saponifying mineral oil, 58, 59
Sassafras oil, 106
Saturated acids, 11
Scouring soaps, 92, 93
Sesame oil, 28, 29
Settled soap, Treatment of, 60-76
Shaving soaps, 91
Shea butter, 31
Silicate of soda in soap, 65
Silicates of soda and potash, 127, 138
Silk scouring soaps, 93
---- dyer's soap, 93, 94
Slabbing soap, 68
Soap, Albumen in, 90
---- Analysis of, 130-35
---- Bar, 54, 55
---- Barring, 68
---- -base, Milling, 54, 78
---- Biniodide, 87
---- Birch-tar, 88
---- Borax, 88
---- Boric acid in, 88
---- ---- ---- ---- Determination, 135
---- Carbolic, 88
---- Classification of, 45
---- Cleansing, 60, 61
---- Coal-tar, 88
---- Cold process, 46, 47
---- Compressing, 83, 85
---- Cooling, 74-76
---- Crutching, 63
---- Curd, 52
---- Curd mottled, 53
---- Definition of, 1, 2
---- Detergent action of, 4, 5
---- Determination of carbolic acid in, 134
---- ---- of fatty acids in, 131
---- ---- of free alkali in, 132
---- ---- of free fat in, 133
---- ---- of glycerine in, 134, 135
---- ---- of total alkali in, 131
---- ---- of water in, 133
---- Drying, 71, 78-80
---- Electrical production of, 59
---- Ether, 90
---- Examination of fatty acids 133, 134
---- Filling, 65
---- Fluorides in, 90
---- formaldehyde, 88
---- frame, 66
---- framing, 66
---- from fatty acids, 45, 46
---- Glycerine, 89
---- Hydrated, 48, 49
---- Hydrolysis of, 3
---- Ichthyol, 89
---- Iodine, 89
---- Lysol, 89
---- Marine, 49
---- Milling, 80, 81
---- Monopole, 94
---- Mottled, 52, 53
---- moulds, 72, 85, 86
---- Naphthol, 89
---- Neutralising, colouring and perfuming, 66, 80, 82
---- Open and close piling, 71
---- perfumes, 95-110
---- Pickling mottled, 54
---- powders, 94
---- Properties of, 2
---- Salicylic acid, 88
---- Settling of, 55
---- Slabbing, 68
---- Soft, 41
---- Stamping, 71, 72, 85, 86
---- Sulphur, 89
---- Terebene, 90
---- Thymol, 90
---- Transparent, 57, 58
---- Treatment of settled, 60-76
---- Yellow household, 54, 55
Soap-making, 45-59
---- ---- Blue and grey mottled, 53
---- ---- "Boiling-on-strength," 51
---- ---- Cold process, 46, 47
---- ---- Combination of fatty acids with alkali, 45, 46
---- ---- Curd, 52
---- ---- Curd, Mottled, 53
---- ---- "Fitting," 51
---- ---- "Graining-out" or separation, 50
---- ---- Hydrated, 49
---- ---- "Pasting" or saponification, 49
---- ---- Soft, 48
---- ---- Transparent, 57, 58
---- ---- under pressure, 47
Soaps, Calico-printer's, 93
---- Disinfectant, 66
---- Floating, 90, 91
---- Liquoring of, 64, 65
---- Medicated, 86-90
---- Milled toilet, 78
---- Miscellaneous, 94
---- Perfumer's, 77, 78
---- Polishing, 94
---- Remelted, 77, 78
---- Scouring, 92
---- Shaving, 91
---- Silicating, 65
---- Silk dyer's, 93, 94
---- Textile, 91-94
---- Toilet, 77, 78
---- Woollen dyer's, 92
Soap-stock, 40
Soda ash, 39, 124, 125
---- ---- Caustic, 39, 125
---- Carbonate, 39, 124, 125
---- Caustic, 39, 123
---- Resinate, 43, 44
Soft soap-making, 48
Solidifying-point, 130
Specific gravity, Determination of, 117, 127
Stamping soap, 71, 72, 85, 86
Starch, Detection of, 121, 135
Steapsin, 18
Stearic acid, 10
Stearin, 8, 9
Stearine, Cotton-seed, 28
Stearodipalmitin, 8
Sulphides and sulphites, Determination of, 125
Sulphur soap, 89
Sunflower oil, 29
Superfatting material, 83
Synthetic perfumes, 107-110
T.
Table of caustic potash solutions, 151
---- of caustic soda solutions, 149, 150
---- of comparative densities, 147
---- of thermometric equivalents, 148
Tablet soap, 55
Talc, 65
Tallow, 24
---- Borneo, 32
---- Chinese vegetable, 31
---- Mafura, 35
Tangkallah fat, 37
Tariric acid, 12
Telfairic acid, 12
Terebene, 110
---- soap, 90
Terpineol, 110
Textile soaps, 91-94
---- ---- Patent, 94
Theobromic acid, 10
Thyme oil, 106
Thymol soap, 90
Tiglic acid, 11
Titre test, 122, 123
Toilet soaps, 77, 78
---- ---- Compressing, 83, 85
---- ---- Milled, 78
---- ---- Milling, 80, 81
---- ---- Stamping, 85, 86
Transparent soaps, 57, 58
Treatment of animal fats, 43
---- ---- bone fat, 43
---- ---- lyes, 111, 112
---- ---- rosin, 43
---- ---- settled soap, 60-76
---- ---- Vegetable oils, 43
Trèfle, 107
Triglycerides, 7, 8
Trilaurin, 9
Triolein, 9
Tripalmitin, 9
Tristearin, 7, 9
Twitchell's process, 22
U.
Unsaponifiable matter, Constitution of, 119, 120
---- ---- Determination of, 119
Unsaturated acids, 11
Utilisation of nigres, 56
V.
Vanillin, 110
Vegetable oils, Treatment of, 43
---- tallow, Chinese, 31
Verbena oil, 106
Vetivert oil, 106
Violet soap, 54
Volhard's method for chloride determination, 132
W.
Waste fats, 30
Water, 39
---- ---- in fats, Determination of, 120
---- ---- in soap, Determination of, 133
Wheat oil, 36
Wild mango oil, 36
Wintergreen oil, 107
Wool scouring soaps, 92
Woollen dyer's soap, 92
Y.
Ylang-ylang oil, 107
Z.
Zinc oxide, Hydrolysis by, 22
---- soap, 87
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