APPENDICES (continued 3)

Pietro Della Valle, known as Il Pellegrino, or The Pilgrim, wrote Viaggi ... in la Turchia, la Persia, e l’India, which was published in two volumes (four parts) at Rome in 1658-1663. He was in Constantinople in 1614 and 1615, and took advantage of every opportunity to witness a ceremony. Observant of costumes and jewels, he could not esteem the Turkish officials highly, because they were all slaves. The references in this treatise are to the second edition of the first part, published in 1662.

Many collections based on the above-mentioned writings and on others were issued after the middle of the sixteenth century, and many surveys of the Ottoman Empire were prepared as time went on. Of the latter, three stand forth as of sufficient importance to throw light on sixteenth-century conditions:—

Sir Paul Ricaut, a resident of Turkey for many years, issued late in the seventeenth century The History of the Present State of the Ottoman Empire. He explains that he obtained his information from Turkish records from high officials, from members of the Ulema, and from a Pole who had passed through the school of pages and had spent nineteen years in all at the Ottoman court. Ricaut was evidently a student of political philosophy; he seems to have relied especially upon Tacitus, the civil law, Machiavelli, and Lord Bacon. His book was printed in several languages, has been much quoted since, and deserves the fame it received. The sixth English edition, published in London in 1686, is used here. The book is also printed at the end of the second volume of his edition of Knolles’s Turkish History, London, 1687.

Ignatius Mouradgea D’Ohsson, born in Turkey and long a resident there, prepared between 1788 and 1818 his great Tableau Général de l’Empire Othoman. He based his work on the Multeka ol-ebhar (see above, p. 318) which with its comments he rearranged and translated, adding to it a great many observations of his own. The book appeared in two forms, the huge folio edition being a magnificent example of the bookmaker’s art. The smaller edition of the book (7 vols., Paris, 1788-1824) has been used here. The last three volumes were published under the supervision of his son after his death. Six of the seven volumes are based on the Multeka; the seventh contains a full description of the government, including the court, the ministers, the bureaus, the army, etc.

Joseph von Hammer published at Vienna, in 1815, Des Osmanischen Reichs Staatsverfassung und Staatsverwaltung, in two volumes. The former is very largely a collection of documents, such as Kanuns, fetvas, and extracts from the Multeka. A large amount of valuable material is presented; but it is only partly digested, and the author often does not indicate clearly whence he drew his extracts. The second volume goes over much the same ground as D’Ohsson’s seventh volume. Another work of Hammer’s, his Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches (10 vols., Pest, 1827-1835), has furnished the historical background for this treatise. This work is extremely valuable from the fact that it is based upon numerous inaccessible Turkish sources; but it is largely uncritical, and it does not make sufficient use of Western authorities.

Leopold Ranke published at Hamburg in 1827 the first volume of his excellent work, Fürsten und Völker von Sud-Europa. He was the first to discern the value of the Venetian reports, and by their aid he reached far greater accuracy than had yet been attained in attempts to describe these great South-European empires when at the height of their power. The English translation by W. K. Kelly, entitled The Ottoman and the Spanish Empires in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (London, 1843), has been used in the present treatise.

The third volume of J. W. Zinkeisen’s Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches in Europa (Gotha, 1855) has been used for its discussion of the Ottoman government in the sixteenth century. It is based too exclusively on the Venetian reports, which Zinkeisen seems to have regarded as always trustworthy, and it makes little or no use of Turkish sources.

Stanley Lane-Poole, in his Story of Turkey, London, 1886, chapters xiv and xvi, gives a very good summary of the structure of the Ottoman household and administration, condensed from D’Ohsson’s seventh volume.

In Lavisse and Rambaud’s Histoire Générale, iv. 747 ff., there is a brief account, by Rambaud, of the organization of the Ottoman Empire in general. Though not accurate in every respect, it gives, on the whole, an excellent picture.

A. Heidborn published at Vienna and Leipsic in 1909 a careful, well-planned, and extremely valuable work entitled Manuel de Droit Public et Administratif de l’Empire Ottoman. Although the principal purpose of the book is to explain present-day conditions, the historical background is outlined at many points. Unfortunately there is neither table of contents nor index; but perhaps these will be supplied when the work is extended farther. The chapters of the present volume deal with the territory of the state, the sources and fundamental principles of the legislation in force in the Ottoman Empire, the head of the state, nationality, the administrative organization, and justice. The chapter on justice occupies more than half the book, and treats fully the judicial organization, civil and criminal law, and procedure.

In addition to the works described above, the appended alphabetical list contains the names of a few authors whose works, though occasionally quoted in this treatise, call for no special comment; and also the names of a number of writers who have dealt with the government of Turkey, but who have not been quoted because their information either is of secondary importance or derivation, or deals with a later time, when conditions had been changed.

III. Alphabetical List of Works Cited

Achmet I. See Kanun-nameh of Achmet I.

Alberi, Eugenio. Relazione degli ambasciatori Veneti al senato. 15 vols. (in 3 series). Florence, 1839-1863.—See pp. 311-313.

Alessandri, Vincenzo. Relazione, 1574. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, ii. 103-127. Florence, 1844.

Angiolello. Mss. in Bibliothèque Nationale, Fonds Italien, No. 1238.

Auszug eines briefes ... das türckich Regiment und Wesen sey. n. p. 1526.—See p. 313.

[Aventinus, Johannes.] Türckische Historien, oder Warhaftige Beschreibunge aller Türcken Ankunfft, Regierung, u. s. w. Translated from the Italian by Heinrich Müller. Frankfort, 1570.—Earlier edition, with slightly different title, 1563-[1565].

Badoaro, Andrea. Relazione, 1573. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, i. 347-368. Florence, 1840.

Balbus, Hieronymus. H ... B ... ad Clementem VII ... de civili & bellica fortitudine liber ... cui additus est alter continens Turcarum originem, mores, imperium, etc. Rome, 1526.—See p. 313.

Barbarigo, Antonio. Sommario della relazione, 1558. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, iii. 145-160. Florence, 1855.

Barbarigo, Daniele. Relazione, 1564. Ibid. ii. 1-59. Florence, 1844.

Barbaro, Marcantonio. Relazione, 1573. Ibid. i. 299-346. Florence, 1840.

—— Relazione, 1573. Ibid. Appendix vol., 387-415. Florence, 1863.

Bassano, Luigi. See Du Zare.

Baudier, Michel. Histoire généralle du serrail, et de la cour du grand seigneur empereur des turcs. Paris, 1626.

Belin, A[lphonse]. Du régime des fiefs militaires dans l’Islamisme, et principalement en Turquie. Journal Asiatique. 6th series, xv. 187-301. Paris, 1870.

—— Étude sur la propriété foncière en pays musulman, et spécialement en Turquie. Paris, 1862.

Bérard, Victor. La révolution turque. Paris, 1909.

Bernardo, Lorenzo. Relazione, 1592. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, ii. 321-426. Florence, 1844.

Bittner, Maximilian. Der Einfluss des Arabischen und Persischen auf das Türkische. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sitzungsberichte der Philosophisch-Historischen Classe, vol. cxlii. pt. iii. Vienna, 1900.—See p. 306.

Boecler, J. H. Commentarius historico-politicus de rebus Turcicis. Bautzen, 1717.—See p. 308.

Bon, Ottaviano. Il serraglio del gransignore (1608). [Edited by Guglielmo Berchet.] Venice, 1865.

Bonrizzo, Luigi. Relazione, 1565. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, ii. 61-76. Florence, 1844.

Bragadino, Pietro. Sommario della relazione, 1526. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, iii. 99-112. Florence, 1855.

Bretschneider, E[mil]. Medieval researches from Eastern Asiatic sources. 2 vols. London, 1888; another edition, 1910.—See p. 306.

Brosch, Moritz. The height of the Ottoman power. Cambridge Modern History. Vol. iii. ch. iv. London, 1904.

Browne, E. G. A literary history of Persia. [2 vols.] London, 1902-1906.—See p. 306.

Bury, J. B. The Ottoman conquest. Cambridge Modern History, vol. i. ch. iii. London, 1902.

Busbecq, Ogier Ghiselin De. Exclamatio: sive De re militari contra Turcam instituenda consilium, etc. In Augerii Gislenii Busbequii Omnia quae extant, 234-277. Pest, [1758].—See p. 319.

—— Life and Letters. Translated by C. T. Forster and F. H. B. Daniell. 2 vols. London, 1881.—See p. 318.

Cahun, Léon. Introduction à l’histoire de l’Asie: Turcs et Mongols. Paris, 1896.—See p. 306.

—— Les révolutions de l’Asie. In Lavisse and Rambaud’s Histoire Générale, vol. ii. ch. xvi. Paris, 1893.—Formation territoriale de l’Asie. Ibid., vol. iii. ch. xix. Paris, 1894.

Cambridge medieval history (The). Planned by J. B. Bury; edited by H. M. Gwatkin and J. P. Whitney. Vol. i. Cambridge, England, 1911.—See Peisker.

Cambridge modern history (The). Edited by A. W. Ward, G. W. Prothero, and Stanley Leathes. 12 vols. and Index. London, 1902-1911.—See Brosch, Bury.

Cantacusino. See Spandugino.

Cavalli, Marino. Relazione, 1560. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, i. 271-298. Florence, 1840.

Chal(co)condyles, L[aonicus]. Histoire de la décadence de l’empire grec et éstablissement de celui des Turcs. Translated from the Greek by B[laise] de Vigenere. Rouen, 1670.—See p. 310.

Chardin, Sir John. Travels into Persia and the East-Indies. London, 1686.

Charrière, E[rnest]. Négociations de la France dans le Levant. 4 vols. Paris, 1848-1860.

Chesneau, Jean. Le voyage de Monsieur d’Aramon (1549). Edited by Charles Schéfer, in Recueil de Voyages, etc., vol. viii. Paris, 1887.—See p. 318.

Contarini, Bartolomeo. Sommario della relazione, 1519. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, iii. 56-68. Florence, 1855.

Contarini, Paolo. Relazione, 1583. Ibid. 209-250. Florence, 1855.

Cronica—Abconterfayung, etc. Augsburg, 1531.—The same as Tractatus, q. v.

Dandolo, Andrea. Relazione, 1562. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, iii. 161-172. Florence, 1855.

Day, Clive. A history of commerce. New York, 1907.

Della Valle, Pietro (Il Pellegrino). Viaggi ... in ... la Turchia, la Persia, e l’India. 4 pts. in 2 vols. Rome, 1658-1663 (pt. i, La Turchia, 1662, is 2d edition). — See p. 320.

Djevad Bey, Ahmed. État militaire ottoman. Vol. i. bk. i. Le corps des Janissaires. Translated from the Turkish by Georges Macridès. Paris, etc., 1882.

Documenti di storia ottomana del secolo XVI. Vol. i. Florence, 1842.—The same as Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, i (1840). See p. 311.

D’Ohsson, Ignatius Mouradgea. Tableau général de l’empire othoman. 7 vols. Paris, 1788-1824.—See p. 320.

Donini, Marcantonio. Relazione, 1562. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, iii. 173-208. Florence, 1855.

Dorez, Léon. See Maurand.

Du Fresne-Canaye, Philippe. Le voyage du Levant (1573). Edited by Henri Hauser in Recueil de Voyages, etc., vol. xvi. Paris, 1897.—See p. 319.

Du Zare, Luigi Bassano. Consuetudines & ratio vitae Turcorum. Rome, 1545.

Ebu su’ud. See Kanun-nameh of Suleiman.

Eliot, Sir Charles. Turks. Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th edition, xxvii. 468-473. Cambridge, 1911.

Erizzo, Antonio. Relazione, 1557. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, iii. 123-144. Florence, 1855.

Estanco. See Tanco.

Febure, Michele. L’état présent de la Turquie. Paris, 1675.

Froissart, Sir John. Œuvres (chroniques). Edited by Kervyn de Lettenhove. 25 vols. (in 26). Brussels, 1867-1877. — See p. 309.

Fulin, Rinaldo. Diarii e diaristi veneziani. Venice, 1881.—See p. 311.

Garzoni, Costantino. Relazione, 1573. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, i. 369-436. Florence, 1840.

Georgevitz, Bartholomew. De Turcarum moribus Epitome. Paris, 1566.—See p. 317.

Gerlach, Stephan. Tage-buch (1674). Quoted in Zinkeisen’s Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, iii. 222 ff. Gotha, 1855.

Geuffroy, Antoine. Briefve description de la court du grand Turc (1542). Edited by Charles Schéfer in Recueil de Voyages, etc., viii. 227-248. Paris, 1887.—See p. 317.

Gibbon, Edward. The history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire. Edited by J. B. Bury. 7 vols. London, 1906.

Giovio, Paolo (Jovius, Paulus). Historiarum sui temporis tomus primus [et secundus]. 2 vols. Florence, 1550-1552.—See p. 314.

—— Turcicarum rerum commentarius. Paris, 1539.—See p. 313.

Giustiniani, Antonio. Sommario della relazione, 1514. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, iii. 45-50. Florence, 1855.

Godelevæus, G. [translator of Geuffroy, q. v.]. Aulæ Turcicæ, Othomannicique imperii descriptio. Basel, 1569.—See p. 317.

Goldziher, Ign[atius]. Muhammedanisches Recht in Theorie und Wirklichkeit. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, viii. 406-423. Stuttgart, 1889.

—— The progress of Islamic science in the last three decades. Congress of Arts and Science, St. Louis, 1904 (ed. H. J. Rogers), ii. 497-517. Boston, etc., 1906.

Grafton, R. [translator of Geuffroy, q. v.]. The order of the great Turcks court of hye menne of war. London, 1546.—See p. 317.

Grassi, Alfio. Charte turque, ou organisation religieuse, civil et militaire, de l’empire ottoman. 2 vols. Paris, 1825.

Gritti, Alvise (or Luigi). See Junis Bey.

Gritti, Andrea. Relazione, 1503. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, iii. 1-43. Florence, 1855.

Gycaud, B. La généalogie du grant Turc á present regnant.—The same as Spandugino, q. v.

Halil Ganem. Les sultans ottomans. (Études d’Histoire Orientale.) 2 vols. Paris, 1901-1902.

Hammer, Joseph Von. Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches. 10 vols. Pest, 1827-1835.—See p. 321.

—— Des osmanischen Reichs Staatsverfassung und Staatsverwaltung. 2 vols. (vol. i, Staatsverfassung; vol. ii, Staatsverwaltung). Vienna, 1815.—See p. 321.

Hauser, Henri. Essai d’une bibliographic des ouvrages de XVIe siècle relatifs au Levant. In Recueil de Voyages, etc., xvi. 316-320. Paris, 1897.—See p. 308. See also Du Fresne-Canaye.

Heidborn, A. Manuel de droit public et administratif de l’empire ottoman. Vienna, etc., 1909.—See pp. 321, 322.

Helmolt, H. F. Weltgeschichte. 9 vols. Leipsic, etc., 1899-1907.—See p. 307.

Holdich, T. H. Asia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th edition, ii. 748-749. Cambridge, 1910.

Honigerus (or Haeniger), Nicolaus [German translator of Geuffroy, q. v.].

Huntington, Ellsworth. The fringe of verdure around Asia Minor. National Geographic Magazine, xxi. 761-775. Washington, 1910.

Ibrahim Halebi. Multeka ol-ebhar. See Multeka.

Idris, Turkish poet-historian. Quoted in Hammer’s Geschichte, i. 91. Pest, 1827.

Ionus Bei. See Junis Bey.

Johnson, Mrs. [Susannah Willard]. Narrative of ... captivity. Springfield, 1907.—Reprinted from the 3d edition, Windsor, Vt., 1814; 1st edition, Walpole, N. H., 1796.

Jones, Theodore F. Venice and the Porte, 1520-1542. Thesis in the Library of Harvard University.

Jorga, N[icolae]. Geschichte der Türkei. Vols. i-iv. Gotha, 1908-1912.

Jovius, Paulus. See Giovio.

Julien, Stanislas. Documents historiques sur les Tou-Kioue (Turcs), traduite du chinois. Paris, 1877.—See p. 305.

Junis Bey (Ionus Bei), and Alvise Gritti. Opera noua la quale dechiara, etc. Venice, 1537.—See pp. 315, 316, and Appendix II.

Juynboll, T. W. Handleiding tot de Kennis van de mohammedanasche Wet. Leyden, 1903.

Kanun-Nameh, of Achmet I. In Hammer’s Staatsverfassung, pp. xvii-xix. Vienna, 1815.

—— of Mohammed II. Translated ibid. 87-101. Vienna, 1815.—See p. 310.

—— of Suleiman. Collected by the Mufti Ebu su’ud, 1574; translated in part, ibid. 384-427. Vienna, 1815.—See p. 319 and Appendix III.

Keane, A. H. Man, past and present. Cambridge, England, 1899.—See p. 305.

Keene, H. G. The Turks in India. London, 1879.

Knolles, Richard. Generall historie of the Turkes. London, 1603.—See p. 319.

—— The same, entitled “Turkish History,” with continuation by Paul Ricaut. 3 vols. London, 1687-1700.—Knolles’s work runs, with continuous pagination, a little way into vol. ii (pp. 837-990).—See p. 320.

Kochi Bey. Turkish historian. Quoted in Hammer’s Geschichte, iii. 490, etc. Pest, 1835.

Kohler, J. Die Wirklichkeit und Unwirklichkeit des islamitischen Rechts. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, viii. 424-432. Stuttgart, 1889.

Kudatku Bilik (Art of Government). By Yusuf Khass Hajil, 1068. See Vambéry, Uigurische Sprachmonumente, etc.

La Broquière, Bertrandon De. Le voyage d’outremer (1433). Edited by Charles Schéfer, in Recueil de Voyages, etc., vol. xii. Paris, 1892.—See p. 309.

Lane-Poole, Stanley. A history of Egypt in the Middle Ages. London, 1901. See p. 305.

—— The story of Turkey. London, 1886.—See p. 321.

Lavisse, Ernest, and Rambaud, Alfred. Histoire générale du IVe siècle à nos jours. 12 vols. Paris, 1893-1901.—See Cahun, Rambaud.

Lefèvre, M. See Febure.

Libellus de ritu et moribus Turcarum. Wittenberg, 1530.—The same as Tractatus, etc., q. v.

Lodge, Richard. The Close of the Middle Ages, 1273-1494. London, 1906.

Lonicerus, Philippus. Chronicorum Turcicorum. 2 vols. (in one). Frankfort, 1584.

Ludovisi, Daniello. Relazione, 1534. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, i. 1-32. Florence, 1840.

Macdonald, D. B. Moslem theology, jurisprudence, and constitutional theory. New York, 1903.—See p. 305.

Marsh, H. A new survey of the Turkish empire. London, 1664.

Maurand, Jérome. Itinéraire d’Antibes à Constantinople (1544). Edited and translated by Léon Dorez, in Recueil de Voyages, etc., vol. xvii. Paris, 1901.—See p. 317.

Maurer, Caspar. Türckishe chronica, oder historische Beschreibung von der Türcken Ursprung. Nuremberg, 1660.

Menavino, Giovanni Antonio. Trattato de costumi et vita de Turchi. Florence, 1548.—See p. 310.

Merriman, R. B. Gomara’s annals of Charles V. Oxford, 1912.

Meyer, Eduard. Geschichte des Altertums. 2d edition. Vol. i (in 2 pts.). Stuttgart, etc., 1907-1909.

—— Persia. Encyclopedia Britannica. 11th edition, xxi. 202-224. Cambridge, 1911.

Micheli, Giovanni. Relazione, 1587. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, ii. 255-294. Florence, 1844.

Miller, William. The Latins in the Levant. New York, 1908. See p. 307.

Minio, Marco. Relazione, 1522, 1527. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, iii. 69-91, 113-118. Florence, 1855.

Mocenigo, Alvise. Sommario delle relazioni, 1518. Ibid. 51-55. Florence, 1855.

Mohammed II. See Kanun-nameh of Mohammed II.

Montesquieu, Baron de. Esprit des lois.

Moro, Giovanni. Relazione, 1590. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, iii. 323-380. Florence, 1855.

Morosini, Gianfrancesco. Relazione, 1585. Ibid. 251-322. Florence, 1855.

Muir, Sir William. The Mameluke or slave dynasty of Egypt, 1260-1517. London, 1896.—See p. 305.

Müller, Heinrich. See Aventinus.

Multeka ol-ebhar. By Ibrahim Halebi, 1459.—See p. 318.

Myers, P. V. N. Medieval and modern history. Revised edition. Boston, [1905].

Navagero, Bernardo. Relazione, 1553. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, i. 33-110. Florence, 1855.

Nicolay, Nicolas De. Discours et histoire véritable des navigations, pérégrinations, et voyages faicts en la Turquie. Antwerp, 1586.—See p. 318.

Nizam Al-Mulk. See Siasset Namèh.

Parker, E. H. A thousand years of the Tartars. London, 1895.—See p. 305.

Peisker, T. The Asiatic background. Cambridge Medieval History, i. 323-359. Cambridge, 1911.

Pélissié Du Rausas, G. Le régime des capitulations dans l’empire ottoman. 2 vols. Paris, 1902-1905.

Peschel, Oscar. The races of man and their geographical distribution. New York, 1882.

Policy (The) of the Turkish empire. [Anonymous.] London, 1597.—See p. 319.

Postel, Guillaume. [Pt. i] De la république des Turcs; [pt. ii] Histoire et considération de l’origine, loy, et coustume des Tartares ... Turcs, etc.; [pt. iii] La tierce partie des orientales histoires, etc. 3 pts. in 1 vol. Poitiers, 1560.—See pp. 316, 317.

Radloff, Wilhelm. Die alttürkischen Inschriften der Mongolei. Leipsic, 1894-1895.—See p. 305.

Ragazzoni, Jacopo. Relazione, 1571. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, ii. 77-102. Florence, 1844.

Rambaud, Alfred. L’empire ottoman (1481-1566). In Lavisse and Rambaud’s Histoire Générale, vol. iv. ch. xix. Paris, 1894.—See p. 321.

[Ramberti, Benedetto.] Libri tre delle cose de Turchi. Venice, 1539.—See pp. 314-316, and Appendix I.

Ramsay, Sir W. M. Geographical conditions determining history and religion in Asia Minor. Geographical Journal, xx. 257-282. London, 1902. See p. 307.

—— Historical geography of Asia Minor. London, 1890.

—— Studies in the history and art of the eastern provinces of the Roman empire. Aberdeen, 1906.

Ranke, Leopold. The Ottoman and the Spanish empires in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Translated by W. K. Kelly. London, 1843.—See p. 321.

Rawlinson, George. The story of Parthia. New York, 1893.

—— The seventh great oriental monarchy. 2 vols. New York, 1882.

—— The sixth great oriental monarchy. London, 1873.

Recueil de voyages et de documents pour servir à l’histoire de la géographie depuis le xiiie jusqu’à la fin du xvie siècle. Edited by Charles Schéfer and Henri Cordier. 21 vols. Paris, 1882-1907.—See Chesneau, Du Fresne-Canaye, Geuffroy, Hauser, La Broquière, Maurand, Torzelo.

Redhouse, Sir J. W. A Turkish and English lexicon. Constantinople, 1890.

Revue Africaine: journal des travaux de la société historique algérienne. 55 vols. Alger, [1856]-1911.

Riant, Count Paul. Catalogue de la bibliothèque. Prepared by L. de Germon and L. Polain. 2 pts. Paris, 1899.—See p. 308.

Ricaut, Sir Paul. The history of the present state of the Ottoman empire. 6th edition. London, 1686.—See p. 320.

Ricoldus. De vita et moribus Turcarum. Paris, 1509.—The same as Tractatus, etc., q. v.

Robertson, William. The emperor Charles V. 4 vols. London, 1811.

San Filippo, Amat Di. Biografia dei viaggiatori italiani. 2 vols. Rome, 1882.—See p. 308.

Sanuto, Marino (the younger). Diarii [1496-1533]. 58 vols., with an additional volume of Prefazione. Venice, 1879-1903.

Schéfer, Charles. Catalogue de la bibliothèque orientale. Paris, 1899.—See p. 308. See also Chesneau, La Broquière, Siasset Namèh, Spandugino, Torzelo.

Schiltberger, Johann. Bondage and Travels. Translated by J. B. Telfer. Hakluyt Society. London, 1879.—See p. 309.

Siasset Namèh, traité de gouvernement composé pour le sultan Melik-Châh par le vizir Nizam oul-Moulk [1092]. Translated by Charles Schéfer. Paris, 1893.—See p. 306.

Snouck Hurgronje, G. Le droit Musulman. Revue de l’Histoire des Religions, xxxvii. 1 ff., and 174 ff. Paris, 1898.

Soranzo, Giacomo. Relazione, 1576. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, ii. 193-207. Florence, 1844.

[Soranzo, Jacopo.] Relazione e diario, 1581. Ibid. 209-253. Florence, 1844.—See p. 313, note 1.

Spandugino Cantacusino, Teodoro. Petit traicté de l’origine des Turcqz [Paris, 1519]. Edited by Charles Schéfer. Paris, 1896.—See p. 310.

Steen de Jehay, Le Comte F. Van Den. De la situation légale des sujets ottomans non-musulmans. Brussels, 1906.

Suleiman. See Kanun-nameh of Suleiman.

Tanco, V. D. (Estanco, Clavedan Del). Libro dell’ origine et successione dell’ imperio de’ Turchi. Venice, 1558.—See p. 314.

Tavernier, J. B. Nova ed esatta descrizione del seraglio del gran Turco. Milan, 1687.

Tiepolo, Antonio, Relazione, 1576. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, ii. 129-191. Florence, 1844.

Tischendorf, P. A. Von. Das Lehnswesen in den moslemischen Staaten, insbesondere im osmanischen Reiche. Leipsic, 1872.

Torzelo, Jehan. [Opinion on the military power of the Turks, c. 1439.] Edited by Charles Schéfer, in Recueil de Voyages, etc., xii. 263 ff. Paris, 1892.

[Tractatus.] Libellus de ritu et moribus Turcorum ante LXX annos aeditus [1460]. Wittenberg, 1530.—See pp. 309, 310.

Trevisano, Domenico. Relazione, 1554. In Alberi’s Relazione, 3d series, i. 111-192. Florence, 1840.

Türcken, Bernardin. Getrewe und wolmeynende kurtze Erinnerung von der Türcken Ordnung, in iren Kriegen vñ Veldtschlachten. Burgel, 1542.

Ubicini, A[bdolonyme]. État présent de l’empire ottoman. Paris, 1876.

Urbinus, Theophilus. Türckisches Städt-Büchlein. Nuremberg, 1664.

Ursu, J[on]. La politique orientale de François I (1515-1547). Paris, 1908.

Vambéry, Hermann (Arminius). Die primitive Cultur des turko-tatarischen Volkes auf grund sprachlicher Forschungen. Leipsic, 1879.—See p. 306.

—— Uigurische Sprachmonumente und das Kudatku Bilik. Innsbruck, 1870.—See p. 306.

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