Book 2 — Chapter XXXV.

Chapter XXXV.

1. Relative Clauses of Purpose: 317, 2; H. 497, I.

2. Verbs of Promising, Hoping, etc.: 380, f.; 535, II.

3. Dative with Certain Adjectives: 234, a; H. 391, I.

1. The embassies promised to return¹ the next summer.

2. Near the Rhine were many nations of barbarians.

3. These barbarians promised to do Cæsar’s bidding.

4. The barbarians send men to give² hostages.

5. So great was the joy³ that a thanksgiving was decreed.

Notes.— ¹ to return: in the Latin idiom, themselves to be going to return. ² to give: put in two ways. ³ joy: gaudium.

VOCABULARY.

If the learner, as often as he refers to this vocabulary for the meaning of a word, will glance over the group of words given in the Etymological Vocabulary under the same root, he will find his knowledge of the relations and meaning of words, and consequently his power to read Latin, rapidly increase.

To reduce visual distraction, links in the Vocabulary are unmarked except when you mouse over them. This feature may be overridden by your own browser settings. All chapter references and roots are linked.

The numbers at the end of most entries refer to chapters 1-35 in the “simplified” text.

Roots in the form [APA-] or [2 DA-] are listed in the Etymological Vocabulary. Brackets [ ] are in the original.

A B C D E F G H IJ L M N O P Q R S T U V

A

Ā or Ab (abs), prep. w. abl. [APA-], from, away from, 6, 13, 18, 24, 25; at the hands of, 31, 33; away, at a distance of, 1, 30; in, on, at, 23, 25; by, 1, 5, 9, etc.

Ab·dō, 3, -didī, -ditum [2 DA-], put away; hide, 19.

Ab·sum, -esse, āfuī [ES-], be away from, 11; be distant, 4, 5, 6, 13, 10, 17, 21; with ā or ab and abl.

Āc, see At·que.

Ac·cēdō (adc-), 3, -cessī, -cessum [CAD-], go towards, approach, 13, w. ad and acc.; arise, increase in, 7, with dat.

Ac·cidō (adc-), 3, -cidī, — [CAD-], fall to or towards; befall, happen, 35; w. dat. Cf. incidō, ēveniō.

Ac·cipiō (adc-), 3, -cēpī, -ceptum [CAP-], take to one’s self; accept, 15; receive, 13; suffer, 33.

Acervus, -ī, M. [1 AC-], thing brought to a point; pile, heap, 32.

Aciēs, ēī- (-e, 23), F. [1 AC-], edge; line of battle, army, 8, 9, 19, 20, 23, 25.

Ācr·iter, adv. [1 AC-], sharply; fiercely, desperately, 10, 33.

Ad, prep. w. acc., to, towards, 8, 13, 28, etc.; up to, 17; near, 4, 19, 21, 33; for, 1, 4, 8, 21, etc.; after, according to, 31.

Ad·aequō, 1 [IC-, AIC-], make equal to, equal, 32.

Ad·clīvis (acc-), -e, adj. [CLĪ-], sloping upward, 29. Cf. dēclīvis.

Ad·clīvitās (acc-), -ātis, F. [CLĪ-], upward slope, rise, 18. Cf. dēclīvitās, dēiectus.

Ad·com·modō (acconm-), 1 [2 MA-, MAD-], fit or adapt to; put on, 21. Cf. induō.

Ad·dūcō, 3, -dūxī, -ductum [DVC-], lead or bring to, 5; lead up, 1; w. ad and acc.

Ad·eō, -īre, -iī, -itum [1 I-], go to; reach, get at, 7.

Ad·ferō (aff-), -ferre, attulī, allātum [1 FER-], bring or carry to, 1.

Ad·fīnitās (aff-), -ātis, F. [2 FID-], relationship by marriage, 4. Cf. propīnquitās.

Ad·gredior (agg-), 3, -gressus [GRAD-], go to, approach; attack, 9, 10. Cf. adorior.

Ad·iciō, 3, -iēcī, -iectum [IA-, IAC-], throw to or against; hurl, cast, 21.

Ad·itus, -ūs, M. [1 I-, AI-], going to, approach, 16, 29; access, admittance, 15.

Ad·iuvō, 1, -iūvī, -iūtum [DIV-, DI-, DIAV-], help, aid, 17.

Ad·ministrō, 1 [2 MAN-, MI-], put the hand to; attend to, 20, 22.

Ad·orior, 4, -ortus [OL-, OR-], rise up against; attack, 11, 17. Cf. adgredior.

Ad·propīnquō (app-), 1 [PARC-, PLEC-], come near to, approach, 10, 31, w. dat.; 19, w. ad and acc. Cf. subeō, succēdō.

Aduātucī, -ōrum, M., tribe, originally German, in Belgian Gaul, on left bank of the Maas, 4, 16, 29, 31.

Ad·ventus, -ūs, M. [BA-, VA-, VEN-], coming to or drawing near; approach, arrival, 7, 16, 25, 27, 30. Cf. successus, aditus.

Ad·versus, -a, -um, adj. (P. of advertō) [VERT-], turned to or towards; opposite, in the face, 8, 18, 24; adversō colle, up hill, 19; w. dat.

Aedi·ficium, -ī, N. [AID-; FAC-], building, 7.

Aeduī, -ōrum, M., powerful Celtic people between upper courses of Loire and Seine, 5, 10, 14, 15.

Aeduus, -a, -um, adj., Aeduan, 5, 14.

Aegrē, adv., with regret or displeasure; barely, with difficulty, 6.

Aequāl·iter, adv. [IC-, AIC-], evenly, 18.

Aestās, -ātis, F. [AID-], burning season; summer, 2, 35.

Aestuārium, -ī, N. [AID-], pertaining to rolling; inlet, sea-marsh, 28.

Aetās, -ātis, F. [1 I-, AI-], age, old age, 16.

Ager, -grī, M. [AG-], cultivated land; land, field, 4, 5, 7, 9.

Ag·ger, -eris, M. [GER-], that which is brought to a place, i.e. materials for a mound, 20; mound, rampart, 12, 30, 32.

Āgmen, -inis, N. [AG-], that which is set in motion; marching column, 11, 17, 19, 23, 26.

Agō, 3, ēgī, āctum [AG-], put in motion; bring up, 12, 30; take along, 29; carry on, do, 20.

Aliās, adv. (acc. pl. F. of alius) [2 AL- (ALI-)], at another time; aliās ... aliās, at one time ... at another, 29.

Aliēnus, -a, -um, adj. [2 AL- (ALI-)], belonging to another, another’s, 10.

Al·iter, adv. [2 AL-], otherwise, in another manner, 19.

Alius, -a, -ud, adj., gen. alīus [2 AL- (ALI-)], other, another, different, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 31.

Alter, -era, -erum, adj., gen. -ius [2 AL-], other (of two), 5, 21; alter ... alter, the one ... the other.

Altitūdō, -inis, F. [1 AL-], elevation, height, 5, 12, 18, 31, 32.

Altus, -a, -um, adj. [1 AL-], become great by nourishment; lofty, high, 27, 29.

Ambiānī, -ōrum, M., Belgian tribe near modern Amiens, 4, 15.

Amīcitia, -ae, F. [AM-], friendship, 14.

Ā·mittō, 3, -mīsī, -mīssum [MIT-], let go from one’s self; lose, 25.

Ampli·ficō, 1 [PLE-, PLO-; FAC-], make larger, increase, 14.

Am·plius, adv. (N. compar. of amplus) [ambi-; PLE-, PLO-], more, 7, 16, 29.

Andocumborius, -ī, M., man of high rank among the Remi, 3.

Andēs, -ium, M., tribe of Gaul north of the Loire, modern Anjou, 35.

Angustus, -a, -um, adj., contracted; narrow, difficult; in angustō, in a critical state, 25.

Animus, -ī, M. [AN-], soul; mind, feelings, 21; spirit, courage, 15, 21, 25, 27; character, 1.

Annus, -ī, M., that which goes round; year, 29.

Ante, [ANT-], before; as adv., = anteā, before, formerly, 12, 22, 33; as prep. w. acc., before (of time), 35; (of place), 32.

Antīquitus, adv. [ANT-], from ancient times; in olden times, 4; from of old, 17.

A·pertus, -a, -um, adj. (P. of aperiō) [2 PAR-, POR-], without covering; open, unobstructed, 18, 19; uncovered, exposed, 23.

Ap·pellō (adp-), 1 [PAL-, PEL-], bring one’s self to a person; accost, address, 25; call, 4.

Ap·ud, prep. w. acc. [APA-], near, among, 2, 4, 7, 14.

Ar·bitror, 1 [BA-, VA-], be a hearer or spectator, think, suppose, believe, 4, 28; w. acc. and inf.

Arbor, -oris, F. [1 AL-, AR-], tree, 17.

Ar·cessō, 3, -īvī, -ītum [CAD-], cause to come to; summon, send for, 20.

Arduus, -a, -um, adj. [1 AL-, AR-, strengthened to ARDH-], steep, 33.

Ariēs, -etis, M., battering-ram, 32.

Arma, -ōrum, N. [AR-], things adapted; arms, weapons, 3, 4, 9, 13, etc.

Armātūra, -ae, F. [AR-], arming; equipment, 10, 24.

Armō, 1 [AR-], furnish with arms; arm, equip, 4, 27.

A·scendō (adsc-), 3, -dī, -scēnsum [SCAND-], mount up, climb, 27.

A·scēnsus (adsc-), -ūs, M. [SCAND-], ascending; ascent, way up, 33.

At, conj., but, on the other hand, 23, 27.

At·que (before vowels and consonants), āc (before consonants only), and also, and especially, and, 3, 5, 6, etc.; as, 6; than, 19. Cf. et and -que.

Atrebatēs, -um, M., Belgian people in the region of modern Arras, 4, 16, 23.

At·tingō (adt-), 3, -tigī, -tāctum, [TAG-], touch against; approach, reach, 32; border upon, 15, 34.

Auctōritās, -ātis, F. [AVG-], power, standing, influence, 4, 14, 15.

Audāc·ter, adv. [1 AV-], boldly, 10, 26.

Audeō, 2, ausus [1 AV-], venture, dare, 8, 17, 19, 27; w. complementary infin.

Audiō, 4 [2 AV-], listen to; hear, hear about, 12, 31, w. acc.; 12, w. acc. and infin.

Aulercī, -ōrum, M., tribe in Bretagne and Normandy, 34.

Aurunculēius, -ī, M., L. A. Cotta, lieutenant of Cæsar, 11.

Au·t, conj. [2 TA-], or (excluding the other), 30, 33; aut ... aut, either ... or, 25.

Au·tem, postpositive conj. [2 TA-], but, on the other hand, 9; moreover, 19.

Auxilium, -ī, N. [AVG-], aid, support, assistance, 10, 24, 29; pl. auxiliary forces, 14. Cf. subsidium.

Ā·vertō, 3, -tī, -sum [VERT-], turn away from. Aversī, see note, 26.

Axona, -ae, F., river in country of the Belgæ, 5, 9.

B.

Baculus, -ī, M., P. Sextius B., centurion, 25.

Baleāris, -e, adj., Balearic, of the Balearic Islands, 7.

Barbarus, -a, -um, adj., foreign, non-Roman, 35.

Belgae, -ārum, M., collective name of tribes living in the country bounded by the Seine, Marne, Moselle, Rhine, and the ocean, 1, 2, 3, following.

Bellovacī, -ōrum, M., strongest tribe of the Belgæ, north of the Seine and on right bank of the Oise and Somme, 4, 5, 10, 13, 14.

Bellum, -ī, N. [DVA-, DVI-], contest between two; war, 4, 9, 14, 16, 29, 31, 35.

Bibrax, -ctis, F. (N.?), town of the Remi, 6.

Boduōgnātus, -ī, M., leader of the Nervii, 23.

Bratuspantium, -ī, N., chief town of the Bellovaci, 13.

Brevitās, -ātis, F., shortness, brevity, 20, 30. Cf. exiguitās.

Britannia, -ae, F., Britain, 4, 14.

C.

Cadāver, -eris, N. [CAD-], that which falls down dead; dead body, 27.

Cadō, 3, cecidī, cāsum [CAD-], fall, 27.

Caeroesī, -ōrum, M., German tribe in Belgian Gaul, 4.

Caesar, -aris, M., Gaius Julius Cæsar, conqueror of Gaul and author of the Commentaries, 1, 2, 5, etc.

Calamitās, -ātis, F. [SCAL-], injury, disaster, 14, 28.

Caletī, -ōrum (-ēs, -um), M., tribe in Normandy, on the Seine, 4.

Cālō, -ōnis, M., groom, soldier’s servant, 24, 26, 27.

Captīvus, -a, -um, adj. [CAP-], taken prisoner; captive, 16, 17.

Caput, -itis, N. [CAP-], head; individual, person, 33.

Carnūtēs, -um, M., important Gallic tribe between the Loire and Seine rivers, 35.

Castellum, -ī, N. dim. [SCAD-, CAD-], redoubt, stronghold, 8, 9, 29, 30, 33.

Castra, -ōrum, N. [SCAD-, CAD-], camp, 2, 5, 6, etc.

Cāsus, -ūs, M. [CAD-], falling; happening; chance, 21; misfortune, 31.

Causa, -ae, F. [CAV-], cause, reason, 1, 7, 10, 11; causā, used like prep. post-positive, for the sake of, for the purpose of, 10, 15, 17, 20, 21, 24.

Cēdō, 3, cessī, cessum [CAD-], go; fall back; give way, retreat, 19.

Celeritās, -ātis, F. [CEL-], swiftness, quickness, 12, 19, 20, 26, 31.

Celer·iter, adv. [CEL-], swiftly, quickly, promptly, 3, 12, 23, 33.

Cēlō, 1 [2 CAL-, SCAL-], hide, conceal, 32, 33.

Centum, num. adj. indeclin. [CEN-], hundred, 4.

Centuriō, -ōnis, M. [CEN-], commander of a century, centurion, captain, 17, 25.

Certus, -a, -um, adj. [2 CER-, CRE-], determined; definite, 11; certain, regular, 22; certiōrem facere, inform, 1, 2, 10, 34; w. acc. and infin.

Cēterī, -ōrum, pl. adj. [CA-, CI-], the others, rest, 3. Cf. reliquī.

Cīmbrī, -ōrum, M., German tribe which invaded Gaul and the Province in the second century, 4, 29.

Circi·ter, adv. [CVR-, CIR-; 1 I-], going in a circle; about, not far from, 2, 8, 13, 18, 32.

Circu·itus, -ūs, M. [CVR-, CIR-; 1 I-], going in a circle; circumference, 29, 30.

Circum-, prep. w. acc. [CVR-, CIR-], around, about; here only in composition.

Circum·iciō, 3, -iēcī, -iectum [IA-, IAC-], throw around; place around, 6.

Circum·mūniō, 4, [2 MV-], wall up around; blockade, 30.

Circum·veniō, 4, -vēnī, -ventum [BA-, VA-, VEN-], come around; surround, outflank, 8, 10, 23, 24, 26.

Cis, prep. w. acc. [CA-, CI-], on this side, this side of, 3.

Citerior, -us, -ōris, adj. [CA-, CI-], more on this side; hither, nearer, 1, 2.

Citrā, prep. w. acc. [CA-, CI-], on this side, this side of, 29. Cf. cis.

Cīvitās, -ātis, F., citizenship; community, 3, 4, 5, etc.

Clāmor, -ōris, M. [1 CAL-], loud call; shouting, 11, 24.

Claudō, 3, -sī, -sum, shut, close, 33; close, bring up, 19.

Clē·mentia, -ae, F. [CLĪ-; 1 MAN-, MEN-], indulgent disposition; gentleness, mildness, 14, 31.

Co·acervō, 1 [1 AC-], heap up, 27.

Co·epī, -isse, -ptus (defective verb, with tenses from present stem lacking) [AP-, OP-], have begun, began, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 19, 23, 20.

Cō·gnōscō, 3, -gnōvī, -gnitum [GNA-, GNO-], understand thoroughly; perceive, learn, ascertain, 2, 5, 11, 17, w. acc. and inf.; 4, 26, w. indir. question; plperf. knew, 10.

Cō·gō, 3, -ēgī, -āctum [AG-], drive together, compel; gather, rally, 2, 5. Cf. condūcō.

Co·hors, -hortis, F., multitude enclosed; cohort, 5, 25.

Co·hortātiō, -ōnis, F., cheering on, urging, encouraging, appeal to, 25.

Co·hortor, 1, cheer on, urge, call upon, 5, 20, 21, 25, w. acc.; 21 foll. by clause w. ut.

Collis, -is, M., hill, 8, 18, 19, 22.

Com·meātus (conm-), -ūs, M., going to and fro; train of supplies, provisions, 5, 9.

Com·ĕs, -itis, M., comrade.

Com·memorō (conm-), 1 [1 SMAR-, MAR-], keep in mind; mention, relate, 28.

Com·mittō (conm-), 3, -mīsī, mīssum [MIT-], cause to go together; join, 19, 21.

Com·modē (conm-), adv. [2 MA-, MAD-], duly, aptly; easily, advantageously, 20.

Com·moveō (conm-), 2, -mōvī, -mōtum [1 MV-, MOV-], move violently; startle, alarm, make anxious, 2, 31.

Com·mūnis (conm-), -e, adj. [2 MV-], serving together; common, general, 4, 5.

Com·mūtātiō (conm-), -ōnis, F. [1 MV-, MOV-], change, 27.

Com·parō (conp-), 1 [2 PAR-, POR-], bring or put together; get ready, provide, procure, 2, 12.

Com·pellō (conp-), 3, -pulī, -pulsum [PAL-, PEL-], drive together, gather; drive in a body, rout, 23.

Com·pleō (conp-), 2, -ēvī, -ētum [PLE-, PLO-], fill completely; fill, 24.

Com·plūrēs (conp-), -a (-ia), gen. -ium, adj. [PLE-, PLO-, PLV-], several together, a large number, 17.

Con-, for scom- = cum [SEC-], with, together; in composition, denoting completeness or union; sometimes intensive.

Con·cīdō, 3, -cīdī, -cīsum [2 SAC-, SEC-, SCĪD-], cut up entirely; cut to pieces, destroy, 11.

Con·cilium, -ī, N. [1 CAL-], that which is called together; meeting, assembly, 4, 10.

Con·currō, 3, -currī or -cucurrī, -cursum [CEL-, CER-], run together; hurry, rally, gather, 20, 33.

Con·diciō, -ōnis, F., [DĪC-, DIC-], talking together; agreement, stipulation, terms, 15, 32.

Condrūsī, -ōrum, M., Belgic tribe on the Meuse, 4.

Con·dūcō, 3, -dūxī, -ductum [DVC-], lead together; collect, muster, 2; hire, 1.

Cōn·ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum [1 FER-], bring or bear together; gather, collect, 15, 25, 29; with reflex. pronoun, betake one’s self, go, 13.

Cōn·fertus, -a, -um, adj. (P. of cōn·ferciō), pressed together; compact, in close array, 23; crowded together, 25.

Cōn·ficiō, 3, -fēcī, -fectum [FAC-], make completely; perform, accomplish, 12; raise, put in the field, 4; exhaust, wear out, 23, 25, 27.

Cōn·fīdō, 3, -fīsus sum [1 FID-, FĪD-] trust entirely; believe, trust firmly, 30, w. acc. and infin.

Cōn·fīrmō, 1 [2 FER-], make firm; give assurance, pledge one’s self, 15, w. acc. and infin.; encourage, reassure, 19; confirm, 11.

Cōn·flīgō, 3, -xī, -ctum [FLAG-, FLIG-], strike or dash together; contend, fight, 5; w. cum and abl.

Con·gredior, 3, -gressus [GRAD-], step together; meet, have an engagement with, fight, 23. Cf. cōnflīgō, pūgnō.

Cōn·iciō, 3, -iēcī, -iectum [IA-, IAC-], throw together; hurl, 6, 27; drive, rout, 23; place hastily, 16, 28. Cf. compellō.

Con·iungō, 3, -iūnxī, -iūnctum [IV-, IVG-], draw together, join, 3, 4, 26.

Con·iūrō, 1 [IV-, IVG-], swear together; make a sworn agreement, conspire, 1, 3.

Con·locō (coll-), 1, place, station, set, 8, 19, 22, 29, 30.

Cōnor, 1, undertake, attempt, 9, 10, 12, 23.

Cōn·sanguineus, -a, -um, adj., possessing the same blood; kindred, 3.

Cōn·scrībō, 3, -psi, -ptum [SCARP-], write together (in a list); enroll, enlist, 2, 8, 19.

Cōn·sēnsus, -ūs, M. [SENT-], agreement, harmony, concerted action, 28, 29.

Cōn·sentiō, 4, -sēnsī, -sēnsum [SENT-], feel with, 3; join hands (with), make common cause with, 3; w. cum and abl.

Cōn-sequor, 3, -secūtus [SEC-], follow thoroughly; attain, obtain, 1.

Cōn·servō, 1 [SAL-, SER-], keep thoroughly; preserve, save, spare, 12, 15, 28, 31, 32.

Cōn·sīdō, 3, -sēdī, -sessum [SED-, SID-], sit down together; settle, take position, 4, 16.

Cōn·silium, -ī, N., consultation; design, plan of action, 9, 14, 33; advice, suggestion, 17.

Cōn·similis, -e, adj., [2 SA-, SIM-], altogether like, quite similar, 11; w. dat.

Cōn·sistō, 3, -stitī, — [STA-], make stand; take position, stand, 6, 23, 26; make a stand, rally, 11, 17, 21; depend upon, be based on, 33.

Cōn·spectus, -ūs, M. [SPEC-], view, sight, 25.

Cōn·spiciō, 3, -spēxī, -spectum [SPEC-], look at with attention; behold, catch sight of, see, 21, 26, w. acc.; 24, w. acc. and infin.

Cōn·spicor, 1 [SPEC-], get a sight of, espy, observe, 26, 27. Cf. cōnspiciō.

Cōn·stanter, adv. [STA-], standing firm; uniformly, 2.

Cōn·stituō, 3, -uī, -ūtum [STA-], place together; determine, appoint, fix, 11; set up, place, 12, 30; station, 8, 19; decide, 10, w. acc. and infin. Cf. statuō.

Cōn·suēscō, 3, -suēvī, -suētum [SOVO-, SVO-], accustom; become accustomed; pf. be accustomed (= solēre), 14, 31.

Cōn·suētūdō, -inis, F. [SOVO-, SVO-], custom, habit, 17, 19, 32. Cf. mōs.

Con·temptus, -ūs, M. [TEM-], scorn, contempt, 30.

Con·tendō, 3, -dī, -ntum [1 TA-, TEN-], strain with all one’s might; march, push on, hasten, 7, 9, 10, 12, 19, 23, 24; struggle, contend, 9, 13, 30.

Con·tineō, 2, -uī, -tentum [1 TA-, TEN-], hold or keep together; restrain, hold back, 11; keep, 11, 18, 30.

Con·trā, adv. [SEC-], against, on the other hand, 17; as prep., w. acc., 1, 3, 13, 33.

Con·trārius, -a, -um, adj. [SEC-], situated over against, opposite, 18; w. dat.

Con·tumēlia, -ae, F. [TEM-], great swelling; disgrace, insult, 14.

Con·vēniō, 4, -vēnī, -ventum [BA-, VA-, VEN-], come together, meet, 5, 10, 12; impersonal, be agreed upon, 19.

Convertō, 3, -tī, -sum [VERT-], wholly turn; turn around, turn, direct, 26.

Con·vocō, 1 [VOC-], call together, summon, 10.

C·ōpia, -ae, F. [AP-, OP-], ability; ample supply, supply, 2; pl., resources, supplies, 10; forces, troops, 5, 7, 8, etc.

Cornū, -ūs, N. [CAR-], horn; wing of an army, 23, 25.

Corpus, -oris, N. [1 CER-, CRE-], what is made; body, 30; corpse, 10, 27.

Cortex, -icis, M. and F. [CAR-], part that splits off; bark, 33.

Cotī·diē, adv. [CA-; DIV-, DI-], on every day; daily, regularly, 8.

Cotta, -ae, M., L. Arunculeius, one of Cæsar’s lieutenants, 11.

Crassus, -ī, M., P. Licinius, one of Cæsar’s lieutenants, 34.

Crēber, -bra, -brum, adj. [1 CER-, CRE-], made to increase; thick, numerous, frequent, 1, 17, 30.

Crēdō, 3, -didī, -ditum [CRAT-; 2 DA-], put trust in; believe, 33, w. acc. and infin. Cf. cōnfīdō.

Crēs, -ētis, M., Cretan, 7.

Cruciātus, -ūs, M. [CVR-, CIR-], torture, 31.

Cum, prep. w. abl. [SEC-], with, in company with, together with, 3, 10, 13, etc.; at same time with, 5, 7, 16; with, provided with, 11, 33.

Cum, conj. [CA-, CI-], temporal, when, 1, 4, 6, 8, following; cum prīmum, as soon as, 2; causal, as, since, 11, 17, 22, etc.; concessive, although, while, 29; cum ... tum, both ... and, 4.

C·ūnctus, -a, -um, adj. [IV-, IVG-], all together; all, entire, 29.

Cupiō, 3, -īvī, -ītum, desire eagerly, be eager, 25.

Curiosolitēs, -um, M. (acc. -ēs, ās), people of Armoric Gaul, 34.

Cursus, -ūs, M. [CEL-, CER-], running, speed, 23, 26.

Custōdia, -ae, F. [SCV-, CV-], guard-keeping; guard, protection, 29.

D.

Dē, prep. w. abl., from; down from, 32; of time, in, about, 7; for, on account of, 7; for, about, concerning, 2, 4, 6, etc.

Dē·beō [for dehibeō], 2, -uī, -itum [HAB-], have from; impersonal, owe, ought, 27, 33.

Decem, num. adj. indecl. [DEC-], ten, 4.

Dē·cernō, 3, -crēvī, -crētum [2 CER-, CRE-], decide; decide upon, decree, 35.

Dē·certō, 1 [2 CER-], fight a decisive battle, 10. Cf. conflīgō, congredior, dīmicō, pūgnō.

Decimus, -a, -um, adj. [DEC-], tenth, 21, 23, 25, 26.

Dē·clīvis, -e, adj. [CLĪ-], inclining down-hill, sloping, 18.

Decumānus (deci-), -a, -um, adj. [DEC-], of the tenth cohort, in the phrase, decumāna porta, rear gate, 24, main entrance to a Roman camp.

Dē·currō, 3, -cucurrī or -currī, -cursum [CEL-, CER-], run down, 19, 21.

Dē·ditīcius, -a, -um, adj. [1 DA-], one who has surrendered; as noun, M., prisoner of war, 17; subjects, 32.

Dē·ditiō, -ōnis, F. [1 DA-], giving one’s self up; surrender, 12, 13, 32, 33.

Dē·dō, 3, -didī, -ditum [1 DA-], give up or away; surrender, 15, 28, 32.

Dē·dūcō, 3, -xī, -ductum [DVC-], lead away, bring off, 2, 33, 35; bring (to), 10, 31. Cf. redigō.

Dē·fendō, 3, -dī, -fēnsum [FEN-, FEND-], thrust away; repel, 29; defend, 10, 12, 31, 33.

Dē·fēnsiō, -ōnis, F. [FEN-, FEND-], protection, defence, 7.

Dē·fēnsor, -ōris, M. [FEN-, FEND-], defender, 6, 12.

Dē·ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum [1 FER-], bear or bring away; bear, report, 17, 19; bestow, 4; w. ad and acc.

Dē·ficiō, 3, -fēcī, -fectum [FAC-], make from; give out, fail, 10; revolt (from), forsake, desert, 14; w. ab and abl.

Dē·iciō, 3, -iēcī, -iectum [IA-, IAC-], hurl down; drive away, dislodge, 27.

Dē·iectus, -ūs, M. [IA-, IAC-], slope, declivity, 8, 22. Cf. dēclīvis, adclīvis.

De·inde, adv. [2 I-], from here; thereupon, then, in the next place, 1.

Dē·leō, 2, -ēvī, -ētum [LI-], wipe out, destroy, 27.

Dē·ligō, 3, -lēgī, -lēctum [1 LEG-, LIG-], choose out; choose, select, 17, 18, 29. Cf. ēlīgō.

Dē·mōnstrō, 1 [1 MAN-, MEN-], point out, explain, mention, 1, 9, 22; w. acc. and infin., 17.

Dēnique, adv., and thereupon, finally; at any rate, at least, 33.

Dēnsus, -a, -um, adj., thick, dense, close, 22.

Dē·pōnō, 3, -posuī, -positum [1 SA-, SI-], put aside or down; lay aside, place in safety, 29.

Dē·populor, 1 [SCAL-, SPOL-], lay waste, ravage, 7.

Dē·precor, 1 [PREC-], avert by praying; petition against, pray to be spared, 31.

Dē·serō, 3, -uī, -tum [1 SER-, SVAR-], undo, sever connection with; abandon, desert, 25, 29.

Dē·sistō, 3, -stitī, — [STA-], remove from; cease, stop, 11.

Dē·spectus, -ūs, M. [SPEC-], looking down upon; opportunity for distant views, prospect, 29.

Dē·spērō, 1 [SPA-, PA-], give up hope; despair of, 24.

Dē·spoliō, 1 [SCAL-, SPOL-], rob, deprive, 31; w. acc. and abl.

Dē·sum, -esse, -fuī [ES-], be away; be lacking, fail, 21. Cf. dēficiō.

Dē·terreō, 2, -uī, -itum [TER-, TERS-], frighten from; prevent, deter, 3.

Dē·trahō, 3, -xī, -ctum, drag from; take from, remove, 25.

Dē·trūdō, 3, -sī, -sum, thrust away; remove, 21. Cf. dētrahō.

Dē·veniō, 4, -vēnī, -ventum [BA-, VA-, VEN-], come down into; come to, reach, 21; w. prep. and acc. Cf. adpropīnquō.

Dexter, -tra, -trum, adj, right, on the right hand, 23, 25.

(Diciō), -ōnis, F., no nom. [DIC-, DĪC-], sway, control, 34.

Dīcō, 3, -xī, -ctum [DĪC-, DIC-], point out by speaking; say, state, mention, 1, 3, 4, etc.; w. acc. and infin.

Diēs, -ēī, M. and F. [DIV-, DI-], day, 2, 5, 6, etc.

Dif·ficilis (disf-), -e, adj. [FAC-], not to be done; difficult, hard, 27.

Dif·ficultās (disf-), -ātis, F. [FAC-], difficulty, strait, trouble, 20.

Dī·ligen·ter, adv. [1 LEG-, LIG-], attentively, scrupulously, with painstaking, 5, 28.

Dī·mētior, 4, -mēnsus [1 MA-, MAN-], measure off; stake off, lay out, survey, 19.

Dī·micō, 1, move rapidly back and forth; fight, contend, 21. Cf. cōnfligō, congredior, contendō.

Dī·mittō, 3, -mīsī, mīssum [MIT-], send out in different directions, despatch, 5, 14, 21.

Dī·ripiō, 3, -uī, -reptum [RAP-, RVP-], tear in pieces; sack, plunder, 17.

Dis·cēdō, 3, -cessī, -cessum [CAD-], go apart; go away, depart, 7, 11, 20.

Dis·cessus, -ūs, M. [CAD-], departure, withdrawal, 14.

Dis·sipō, 1, scatter, break up, 24.

Dis·tineō, 2, -uī, -tentum [1 TA-, TEN-], keep apart; prevent union of, separate, 5.

Diū, adv. [DIV-, DI-], by day; for a long time, long; compar. diūtius, 1, 6, 10.

Dī·versus, -a, -um, adj. (P. of dīvertō) [VERT-], turned away from; facing in different directions, 22; different, 23; separated, 24.

Dīvīnus, -a, -um, adj. [DIV-, DI-], of the gods, divine, 31.

Divitiacus, -ī, M., leader of the Ædui, brother of Dumnorix, 5, 10, 14, 15; chieftain of the Suessiones, 4.

Dō, dare, dedī, datum [1 DA-], give, 2, 3, 20, 21, 35; inter sē, exchange, 1.

Doceō, 2, -uī, -ctum [DIC-, DAC- (DOC-)], show, teach, explain, 5, 20.

Domesticus, -a, -um, adj. [DOM-], of home, native, own, 10.

Domi·cilium, -ī, N. [DOM-; 2 CAL-, SCAL-], dwelling-place, 29.

Dominor, 1, lord it, be master, 31.

Domus, -ūs, F. [DOM-], home, 10, 11, 24, 29.

Du·bitō, 1 [DVA-; BA-], go to and fro; doubt, hesitate, 2, 23.

Du·centī, -ae, -a, num. adj. [DVA-, DVI-; CEN-], two hundred, 18, 29.

Dūcō, 3, -xī, ductum [DVC-], lead, conduct, 8, 12, 13, 19.

Dum [for dium], adv. [DIV-, DI-], while.

Duo, -ae, -o, num. adj. [DVA-, DVI-], two, 2, 7, 8, 9, etc.

Duo·decimus, -a, -um, adj. [DVA-, DVI-; DEC-], twelfth, 23, 25.

Duo·dē·vīgintī, num. adj. indecl. [DVA-, DVI-], eighteen, 5.

Du·plex, -icis, adj. [DVA-; PARC-, PLEC-], twofold, double, 29.

Dux, -cis, M. [DVC-], leader, 23; guide, 7.

E.

Ē or Ex, prep. w. abl., from, out of, 3, 6, 13, etc.; after, 6; on, 8; in consequence of, 35.

Eburōnēs, -um, M., Belgian people near the Rhine, 4.

Ē·ditus, -a, -um, adj. (P. of ēdō) [1 DA-], set forth; elevated, rising, 8.

Ē·dūcō, 3, -xī, -ductum [DVC-], lead out, lead forth, 8.

Ef·ficiō (ecf-), 3, -fēcī, -fectum [FAC-], work out; bring about, effect, 5, 17; w. ut and subj.

Ē·gredior, 3, -gressus [GRAD-], go out; sally forth, 24; depart from, go forth, 11, 13.

Ē·gregiē, adv., out of the flock; remarkably, excellently, 29.

Ē·ligō, 3, -lēgī, -lēctum [1 LEG-, LIG-], choose out; pick from, choose, 4. Cf. dēligo.

Ē·mittō, 3, -mīsī, -mīssum [MIT-], send out; hurl, let fly, 23.

Emō, 3, ēmī, ēmptum [EM-], take in exchange; buy, 33.

Ē·nāscor, 3, -nātus [GEN-, GN-, GNA-], grow out, spring up; sprout forth, 17.

Enim, co-ord. conj., post-positive, for, in fact, 17. Cf. nam.

Eō, adv. (old dat. or abl. N. of is) [2 I-], there, thither, 3, 5, 25, 33.

Equĕs, -itis, M., [2 AC-], horseman, cavalry-man, knight, 9, 18, 19, 24, 26, 27.

Equester, -tris, -tre, adj. [2 AC-], of horsemen, cavalry, 8, 9.

Equitātus, -ūs, M. [2 AC-], riding; cavalry, 10, 11, 17, 19.

Ergō, because of; therefore.

Ē·ruptiō, -ōnis, F. [RAP-, RVP-], bursting forth; sally, 33.

Esuviī, -ōrum, M., people in Normandy, 34.

Et, co-ord. conj. and, 1, 2, 3, etc.; et ... et, both ... and, 3, 4, 5, etc.

Et·iam, adv. and conj. and now; also, 1, 4, 14, 16, 17, 21; even, still, 4, 25, 27.

Ē·ventus, -ūs, M. [BA-, VA-, VEN-], coming forth; outcome, issue, result, 22.

Ex, see Ē.

Ex·agitō, 1 [AG-], disturb, harass, 29.

Ex·animō, 1 [AN-], deprive of life; make breathless, 23.

Ex·audiō, 4 [2 AV-], hear distinctly; hear from a distance, 11.

Ex·cēdō, 3, -cessī, -cessum [CAD-], go out; withdraw, go away, 25.

Ex·cursiō, -ōnis, F. [CEL-, CER-], running forth; sally, 30. Cf. ēruptiō.

Ex·eō, -īre, -iī, -itum [1 I-], go out; withdraw, 33. Cf. excēdō.

Ex·ercitō, 1 [ARC-] (drive out of the enclosure), keep busy; train, drill, 20.

Ex·ercitus, -ūs, M. [ARC-], trained body of men; army, 1, 2, 5, etc.

Ex·iguitās, -ātis, F., scantiness, shortness, 21, 33.

Ex·imius, -a, -um [EM-], taken out from; eminent, excellent, high, 8.

Ex·istīmō, 1, judge, value; judge, think, believe, 2, 15, 17, 31; w. acc. and infin.

Ex·pedītus, -a, -um, adj. (P. of expediō) [PED-], unencumbered, in light marching order, 19.

Ex·pellō, 3, -pulī, -pulsum [PAL-, PEL-], drive out, banish, 4.

Ex·perior, 4, -pertus [1 PAR-, PER-], try thoroughly; test, try, 16.

Ex·plōrātor, -ōris, M. [PLV- (PLOV-)], searcher out; scout, spy, 5, 11, 17. Cf. speculātor.

Ex·plōrō, 1 [PLV- (PLOV-)], search out; try to find out, reconnoitre, 4.

Ex·pūgnō, 1 [PAC-, PAG-, PVG-], take by storm; take, 9, 10, 12.

Ex-spectō, 1 [SPEC-], look out for greatly; wait for, await, 9, 16, 20.

Ex·struō, 3, -strūxī, -strūctum [STRV-], pile up thoroughly; erect, construct, 30.

Extrēmus, -a, -um, adj., furthest; most distant, extreme, 5, 8, 25; last, 11, 27, 33.

F.

Facile, adv. [FAC-], easily, 1, 6, 17, 18, 19, 25.

Facilis, -e, adj. [FAC-], able to be done; easy, 27.

Faciō, 3, fēcī, factum; pass. fīō, fĭerī, factus [FAC-], do, perform, 3, 5, 6, etc.; make, 1, 2, 6, etc.; cause, bring about, 4, 11. See certus.

Facultās, -ātis, F. [FAC-], power of doing; opportunity; pl. resources, facilities, 1.

Fallō, 3, fefellī, falsum, cause to stumble; deceive, 10.

Fastīgātus, -a, -um, adj. (P. of fastīgō), brought to a point; sloping, 8. Cf. adclīvis, dēclīvis.

Ferāx, -ācis, adj. [1 FER-], apt to bear; fertile, 4.

Ferē, adv. [2 FER-, FRE-], nearly, almost, 23, 25, 31.

Ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum [1 FER-], bear, bring, carry, 10, 26, 28; bear, endure, 1, w. acc. and infin.; rush (in pass.), 24.

Fertilitās, -ātis, F. [1 FER-], fruitfulness, fertility, 4.

Ferus, -a, -um, adj., wild, fierce, ferocious, 4, 15.

Fidēs, fidē (rare), F. [1 FID-], trust, confidence; protection, 3, 13, 14, 15.

Fīlius, -ī, M., son, 13.

Fīnis, -is, M. [2 FID-], dividing thing; end, limit, 6, 19; pl. land, territory, 2, 4, 5, etc.

Fīnitimus, -a, -um, adj. [2 FID-], bordering upon; neighboring, 2; pl. neighbors, 4, 16, 17, 28, 29, 31.

Fīō, fĭerī, factus, be made, become, see faciō.

Flūmen, -inis, N., that which flows; river, 5, 9, 10, etc.

Fōrs, fōrte, nom. and abl. only, F. [1 FER-], that which brings; chance, 21.

Fōrte, adv., abl. of fōrs, by chance; perhaps, 31.

Fortis, -e, adj. [2 FER-], courageous, brave, stout-hearted, 25, 33.

Fort·iter, adv. [2 FER-], bravely, gallantly, 11, 21, 26.

Fōrtūna, -ae, F. [1 FER-], fortune, 16, 22, 31.

Fossa, -ae, F., thing dug; ditch, 5, 8, 12, 32.

Frāter, -tris, M., brother, 3.

Fremitus, -ūs, M., dull roar; din, noise, 24. Cf. strepitus.

Frōns, -ntis, F. [FVR-, FERV-], brow; front, 8, 23, 25.

Frūmentārius, -a, -um, adj. [1 FVG-, FRVG-], of grain; w. res, grain supply, 2, 10.

Frūmentum, -ī, N. [1 FVG-, FRVG-], thing eaten; corn, grain, 3.

Fuga, -ae, F. [2 FVG-], fleeing; flight, rout, 11, 12, 23, 24, 26, 27.

Fugiō, 3, fūgī, — [2 FVG-], flee, fly, 11, 24.

Fūmus, -ī, M., rushing thing; smoke, 7.

Funditor, -ōris, M., slinger, 7, 10, 19, 24.

Furor, -ōris, M. [FVR-], raging; blind passion, madness, 3.

G.

Galba, -ae, M., king of the Suessiones, 4, 13.

Galea, -ae, F. [2 CAL-, SCAL-], covering; helmet, 21.

Gallia, -ae, F., Gaul, 1, 2, 3, 4, 35.

Gallus, -ī, M., a Gaul, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 17, 24, 30.

Gēns, gentis, F., what is begotten; race, tribe, 28.

Germānī, -ōrum, M., Germans, 1, 3, 4.

Gerō, 3, gessī, gestum [GER-], bear; carry on, go on with, 9, 31, 35; pass., be carried on, take place, 2, 26; rēs gestae, operations, campaigns, 35.

Gladius, -ī, M. [CEL-, CER-], sword, 23, 25.

Grātia, -ae, F., favor, popularity, influence, 6.

Gravis, -e, adj., heavy; severe, serious, 25.

H.

Habeō, 2 [HAB-], grasp; have, possess, 1, 3, 4, 8, 29; with reflex pronoun, be, 19.

Hībernācula, -ōrum, N. [HĪM-], winter quarters, 35.

Hībernus, -a, -um, adj. [HĪM-], belonging to winter; hīberna (castra), winter quarters, 1.

Hī·c, haec, hōc, demonstr. pron. [CA-, CI-], this, this of mine, 1, 2, 4, etc.; he, she, it, 3, 4, 9, etc.

Hiemō, 1 [HĪM-], pass the winter, 1.

Homō, -inis, M. [HAM-], man, person, 1, 4, 6, 15, 27, etc.

Honōs (honor), -ōris, M., honor, distinction, 15.

Hostis, -is, M., one who hurts; enemy, 5, 7, 8, 9, etc.

I.

Iaceō, 2, -ui, — [IA-, IAC-], be thrown; lie, 27.

Iaciō, 3, iēcī, iactum [IA-, IAC-], hurl, throw, 6, 32, 33; throw up, construct, 12.

Iam, adv., at this or that time; now, 19; neque iam, and no longer, 5, 20, 25, 33.

Ibī, adv. [2 I-], in that place, there, 4, 5, 8, etc.

Iccius, -ī, M., Belgian of high rank, 3, 6, 7.

Ī·dem, eadem, idem, determ. pron. [2 I-; 3 DA-], the very; same, 3, 6, 7, 16, etc.

Iden·t·idem, adv. [2 I-], very same; again and again, 19.

I·dōneus, -a, -um, adj. [2 I-], fit; suitable, 8, 17.

Īgnis, -is, M. [AG-], fire; camp-fire, 7; signal-fire, beacon, 33.

Ille, -a, -ud, gen. illīus, demonstr. pron. [ANA-], that; that one, the former, 9, 33; latter, 19.

Illyricum, -ī, N., coastland on eastern side of upper Adriatic, 35.

Im·pedīmentum (inp-), -ī, N. [PED-], thing entangling; hindrance, 25; pl., baggage, 17, 24, 29; baggage-train, pack-animals, 17, 19, 24, 26. Cf. sarcina.

Im·pediō (inp-), 4 [PED-], get the feet in, entangle; hinder, embarrass, make difficult, 9, 10, 17, 20, 22, 23, 28.

Im·pellō (inp-), 3, -pulī, -pulsum [PAL-, PEL-, PVL-], drive on; incite, influence, 14.

Im·perātor (inp-), -ōris, M. [2 PAR-, POR-], commander (in chief), 25, 26.

Im·perātum, -ī, N., command, 3, 35.

Im·perium (inp-), -ī, N. [2 PAR-, POR-], command, order, 1, 20, 22; chief command, authority, 4, 23; power, control, 1, 3, 11.

Im·perō (inp-), 1 [2 PAR-, POR-], put a command upon; impose upon, command, 3, 21, 28, 32, 35; direct, dictate, 11, 33; w. dat. and subjunctive w. ut.

Im·petrō (inp-), 1 [POT-], accomplish; obtain, succeed in obtaining a request, 12; w. ut and subjunctive.

Im·petus (inp-), -ūs, M. [PET-], onset, attack, charge, 11, 19, 21, 24, 25; fury, violence, 6.

Im·prō·vīsus (inp-), -a, -um, adj. [VID-], not foreseen; dē imprōvīsō, unexpectedly, without notice, 3.

In, prep. w. acc. and abl. [ANA-], into, to, 2, 3, 5; in, 5, 8, 29, etc.; in, within, on, 1, 2, 8, etc.; upon, over, 5, 29, 30; among, 25; in the case of, 32.

In·cendō, 3, -dī, -cēnsum, put fire in; set on fire, 7.

In·cĭdō, 3, -cĭdī, — [CAD-], fall into; happen, occur, 14. Cf. accĭdō, ēveniō.

In·cīdō, 3, -cīdī, -cīsum [2 SAC-, SEC-, SCĪD-, CĪD-], cut into, notch, 17.

In·cipiō, 3, -cēpī, -ceptum [CAP-], take in hand; begin, 2; w. compl. infin.

In·citō, 1 [CI-], set in rapid motion; urge on, hurry, hasten, 26. Cf. impellō.

In·colō, 3, -uī, — inhabit, live in, 4; live, dwell, 3, 35.

In·crē·dibilis, -e, adj. [CRAT-; 2 DA-], not to be believed; marvellous, incredible, 19.

In·crepitō, 1, —, —, make noise against; upbraid, taunt, abuse, 15, 30.

In·cūsō, 1 [CAV-], make charges against, accuse, rebuke, 15.

Inde, adv. [2 I-], from that; then, next, 19.

In·dīgnitās, -ātis, F., unworthiness; outrage, insult, 14.

In·dī·ligen·ter, adv. [1 LEG-, LIG-], carelessly, listlessly, 33.

In·dūcō, 3, -xī, -ductum [DVC-], lead into; draw on, cover, 33.

Ind·uō, 3, -uī, -ūtum, put into; put on, 21.

In·eō, -īre, -īvī and -iī, -itum [1 I-], go into; enter upon, undertake, 33; begin, 2, 35.

In·ermis, -e, adj. [AR-], without armor; unarmed, 27.

Īnferior, -ius, adj. (compar. of īnferus), lower, 25; inferior, 8.

Īnfimus, -a, -um, adj. (superl. of above), lowest; lowest part of, bottom, 18.

Īn·ferō, -ferre, -tulī, illātum (inlatum) [1 FER-], bring into; make upon, wage, 14, 29; inspire in, 25; bring upon, cause, inflict, 14, 32; carry forward, advance, 25, 26; bring in, import, 15; w. acc., or acc. and dat.

Īn·flectō, 3, -flēxī, -flexum, bend, bend down, 17.

In·gredior, 3, -gressus [GRAD-], go into, enter, 4.

In·imīcus, -a, -um, adj. [AM-], not friendly; hostile, 31. Cf. hostis.

In·īquitās, -ātis, F. [IC-, AIC-], unevenness, inequality, 22.

In·īquus, -a, -um, adj. [IC-, AIC-], not equal; uneven, unfavorable, 10, 23, 27, 33.

In·itium, -ī, N. [1 I-], entering upon; beginning, 9; w. partit. gen.

In·iūria, -ae, F. [IV-, IVG-], thing done contrary to justice; wrong, injury, violence, 28, 32, 33.

In·nītor, 3, -nīxus, lean upon, prop one’s self on, 27.

In·rīdeō (irr-), 2, -rīsī, -rīsum, laugh in ridicule; laugh at, mock, 30.

Īn·sequor, 3, -secūtus [SEC-], follow close upon; follow up, pursue, 19, 23.

Īn·sidiae, -ārum, F. [SED-, SID-], taking a position at; stratagem, trap, snare, 11.

Īn·sīgne, -is, N. [3 SAC-], distinctive mark; sign, signal, 20; ornament, crest, 21.

Īn·sistō, 3, -stitī, — [STA-], set one’s self on; take a stand on, 27; w. dat.

Īn·star, indecl., N., image; used as pred. adj., like, in form of, 17; w. gen.

Īn·stō, 1, -stitī, -statūrus [STA-], stand upon; press forward, 25.

Īn·struō, 3, -strūxī, -strūctum [STRV-], build into; arrange, draw up, 8, 20, 22; build, erect, 30.

Intel·legō (interl-), 3, -lēxī, -lēctum [1 LEG-], choose between; understand, be aware, know, find out, 8, 10, 33; w. acc. and infin.; 14, w. indir. quest.

Inter, prep. w. acc. [ANA-], in the midst; between, 9, 17; among, 1, 4, 6, 15, 19, 24, 31.

Inter·cēdō, 3, -cessī, -cessum [CAD-], go between; be between, move between, 17.

Inter·cipiō, 3, -cēpī, -ceptum [CAP-], take between; intercept, 27.

Inter·eā, adv. [ANA-; 2 I-] between these things; in the meantime, meanwhile.

Inter·ficiō, 3, -fēcī, -fectum [FAC-], make to be between, break in pieces; kill, put to death, 10, 11, 23, 25, 31. Cf. concīdō, occīdō.

Inter·iciō, 3, -iēcī, -iectum [IA-, IAC-], hurl between; place or plant among, 17; pass., intervene, 22.

Inter·im, adv. [ANA-; 2 I-], in the meantime, meanwhile, 9, 12, 19, 26.

Interior, -ius, adj., compar. of obsolete interus [ANA-], inner, interior of, 2.

Inter·mittō, 3, -mīsī, -mīssum [MIT-], make go apart; discontinue, cease, 25.

Inter·neciō, -ōnis, F. [1 NEC-, NOC-], complete destruction, annihilation, 28.

Inter·scindō, 3, -scidī, -scissum [2 SAC-, SEC-, SCĪD-], separate by splitting; cut down, hew away, demolish, 9.

Inter·sum, -esse, -fuī [ES-], be between; be the concern of, concern, 5; w. gen. of price.

Inter·vāllum, -ī, N. [1 VEL-, VAL-], space between stakes of a palisade; distance, interval, 23. Cf. spatium.

In·texō, 3, -uī, -xtum [TEC-, TAX-], weave in; plait, 33.

Intrā, prep. w. acc. [ANA-], on the inside; within, 4, 18, 19.

Intrō, 1 [ANA-], enter, penetrate, 17.

Intrō·dūcō, 3, -xī, -ductum [DVC-], lead in, bring in, 5, 10.

Intrō·mittō, 3, -mīsī, -mīssum [MIT-], cause to go within; let in, admit, 33.

Intr·ōrsus, adv. [VERT-], towards the inside; into the interior, within, 18.

In·ūsitātus, -a, -um, adj. [1 AV-], unusual, strange, 31.

In·ūtilis, -e, adj. [1 AV-], useless; unserviceable, incapable, 16; w. ad and acc.

In·veniō, 4, -venī, -ventum [BA-, VA-, VEN-], come upon; find, learn, 16; w. acc. and infin. Cf. cōgnōscō.

In·veterāscō, 3, -āvī, — [VET-], become of long standing; gain a permanent foothold, 1.

In·videō, 2, -vīdī, -vīsum [VID-], look towards; be jealous of, envy, 31.

I·pse, -a, -um (gen. ipsīus), intensive pron. [2 I-; 3 SA-], person or thing mentioned; self, 3, 4, 5, etc.; sometimes conveniently rendered he, they (the latter), 2, 20, 29.

Is, ea, id, determ. pron. [2 I-], person or thing mentioned; he, that, this, 1, 2, 3, etc.; akin to talis, foll. by subj. clause, 9, 16.

Ita, adv. [2 I-], in the way stated; so, thus, 11, 33; w. ut, in the way that, just as, as, 1.

Ītalia, -ae, F., Italy, 29, 35.

Ita·que, conj. [2 I-; CA-, CI-], and so; therefore, 7, 22.

Item, adv. [2 I-], even so; so, likewise, 1, 8, 13, 21, 23, 26.

Iter, itineris, N. [1 I-], going; march, route, line of march, road, 6, 11, 12, 16, 17, 29.

Iubeō, 2, iūssī, iūssum [IV-, IVG-], order, command, bid, 5, 11, 25, 28, 33, 35; w. acc. and infin.

Iū·dicō, 1 [IV-, IVG-; DIC-], declare what is law; judge, suppose, think, 27.

Iugum, -ī, N. [IV-, IVG-], joining; ridge, chain of hills, 24.

Iūs, iūris, N. [IV-, IVG-], thing binding; constitution, law, 3.

Iūstitia, -ae, F. [IV-, IVG-], uprightness, justice, fairness, 4.

Iuvō, 1, iūvī, iūtum [DIV-, DI-, DIAV-], delight; help, assist, 3.

Iūxtā, adv. [IV-, IVG-], closely joined; close by, near at hand, 26.

L.

L., prænomen Lucius, 11.

Labiēnus, -ī, M., Titus Labienus, most eminent of Cæsar’s lieutenants, 1, 11, 26.

Lapis, -idis, M., stone, 6.

Lassitūdō, -inis, F. [LAG-], faintness, exhaustion, 23.

Lateō, 2, -uī, —, lie hidden; be concealed, 19.

Lātitūdō, -inis, F. [STER-, STRA-, STLA-], breadth; width, expanse, extent, 7, 8, 12, 29; lateral direction, 17.

Lātus, -a, -um, adj. [STER-, STRA-, STLA-], extended; broad, wide, 4, 27.

Latus, -eris, N. [PLAT-], thing extending; side, flank, 5, 8, 23, 25.

Laxō, 1 [LAG], loose; change to open order, widen, 25.

Lēgātiō, -ōnis, F. [3 LEG-], embassy, legation, 35.

Lēgātus, -ī, M. [3 LEG-], envoy, 6, 12, 15, 28, 31, 35; lieutenant, 2, 5, 9, 11, 20.

Legiō, -ōnis, F. [1 LEG-], levying; largest military division, consisting of 10 cohorts; legion, 2, 8, 17, etc.

Legiōnārius, -a, -um, adj. [1 LEG-], belonging to a legion; legionary, 27.

Lēn·iter, adv. [1 I-], gently, moderately, 8, 29.

Levis, -e, adj. [2 LEG-], lightly moving; light, 10, 24.

Levitās, -ātis, F. [2 LEG-], lightness; inconstancy, fickleness, 1.

Lēx, lēgis, F. [3 LEG-], thing read; written law, law, 3. Cf. iūs.

Līberāl·iter, adv. [LIB-; 1 I-], generously, graciously, 5.

Līberī, -erōrum, M. [LIB-], those who do as they desire, free persons; children (of free parents), 5.

Littera, -ae, F. [LI-], written character; pl., letter, letters; despatch, despatches, 1, 2, 35.

Locus, -ī, M., that placed or situated; place, point, position, situation, 2, 4, 5, etc.; state, condition, 26; pl., loca, -ōrum, N., region, section, tract, 4, 19.

Longē, adv. [2 LEG-], in length; far, at a distance, 4, 5, 19, 20, 21.

Longus, -a, -um, adj. [2 LEG-], long, lengthy, 21.

Loquor, 3, locūtus, speak, talk, 31.

Lūx, lūcis, F., that which shines; light, dawn, daylight, 11.

M.

Māchinātiō, -ōnis, F., contrivance, engine, machine, 30, 31.

Magis, adv. [MAC-, MAG-], in a higher degree; more, 22, 32.

Magistrātus, -ūs, M. [MAC-, MAG-], magistracy, ruler, 3.

Māgnitūdō, -inis, F. [MAC-, MAG-], greatness, size, height, 12, 27, 30.

Māgnus, -a, -um, adj. [MAC-, MAG-], increased; great, 4, 5, 6, etc.

Māior, -ius, adj., compar. of above, greater; māior nātū, elder, 13, 28.

Male·ficium, -ī, N. [MAL-; FAC-], evil-doing; outrage, hostile act, 28. Cf. iniūria, indīgnitās.

Man·dō, 1 [1 MA-, MAN-; 2 DA-], put into one’s hands; give in charge, enjoin, order, 5; entrust, consign, 24; w. acc. and dat.

Mani·pulus, -ī, M. [1 MA-, MAN-; PLE-, PLV-], thing filling the hand; (subdivision of a cohort), company, maniple, 25.

Mān·suētūdō, -inis, F. [1 MA-, MAN-; SOVO-, SVO-], tameness; gentleness, kindness, 14, 31. Cf. clēmentia.

Manus, -ūs, F. [1 MA-, MAN-], measuring thing; hand, 13, 19, 30; band, force, 2, 5.

Maritimus (-umus), -a, -um, adj., of the sea; on the coast, maritime, 34.

Mātūrō, 1, make ripe; hasten, make haste, 5. Cf. contendō.

Māximē, adv., superl. of magis, q.v.; most, very, 4.

Medius, -a, -um, adj., in the middle; middle of, 7.

Memoria, -ae, F. [1 SMAR-, MAR-], faculty of remembering; recollection, memory, 4, 21.

Menapiī, -ōrum, M., Gallic tribe between the Meuse and Scheld, 4.

Mercātor, -ōris, M. [2 SMAR-, MER-], trader, 15.

Meritum, -ī, N. [2 SMAR-, MER-], thing deserved; deserts, merit, 32.

Mīles, -itis, M. [MĪL-], one of the thousand; soldier, 11, 20, 21, etc.

Mīlitāris, -e, adj. [MĪL-], of soldiers; pertaining to war, military, 4, 22.

Mīlle, pl. mīlia or mīllia, num. adj. [MĪL-], large number associated; thousand, 4, 6, 7, etc.

Minimē, adv., superl. of minus, least, 33.

Minor, -us, adj. [2 MAN-, MI-], smaller; minus, N., as adv., less, 1, 7, 20; not (= nōn), 9.

Miser, -era, -erum, adj. [MIS-], wretched, miserable, 28.

Miseri·cordia, -ae, F. [MIS-], heart-pity; pity, compassion, 28.

Mittō, 3, mīsī, mīssum [MIT-], let go; send, despatch, 2, 3, 5, etc.

Mōbilitās, -ātis, F. [1 MV-, MOV-], ability to be moved, agility; fickleness, inconstancy, 1. Opp. to stabilitās. Cf. levitās.

Modo, adv. [2 MA-, MAD-], in a measure; only, merely, 17, 21.

Modus, -ī, M. [2 MA-, MAD-], measuring thing; manner, fashion, 31.

Moenia, -ium, N. [2 MV-], things that ward off; walls, city walls, 6, 31.

Molestē, adv. [MAC-, MAG-], in a troublesome manner; molestē ferre, be annoyed or vexed, 1; w. acc. and infin.

Moneō, 2 [1 MAN-, MEN-], cause to think; direct, 26; w. acc., foll. by clause w. ut.

Mora, -ae, F. [1 SMAR-, MAR-], stopping, delay, 15.

Morinī, -ōrum, M., tribe of Belgæ on Channel, near Calais, 4.

Moror, 1 [1 SMAR-, MAR-], linger, tarry, delay, 7, 10, 11.

Mōs, mōris, M. [1 MA-, MAN-], will; custom, manner, 13, 15. Cf. cōnsuētūdō.

Moveō, 2, mōvī, mōtum [1 MV-, MOV-], set in motion; move, 2, 31.

Mulier, -eris, F. [MAL-], woman, female, 13, 16, 28.

Multitūdō, -inis, F., large number, body, 4, 5, 6, etc.; quantity, number, 10, 32.

Multus, -a, -um, adj., much, pl. many, 11, 25, 29.

Mūnīmentum, -ī, N. [2 MV-], means of defence; fortification, defence, 17.

Mūniō, 4 [2 MV-], wall; fortify, erect defences about, protect, make, (castra), 5, 12, 19, 20, 29.

Mūnītiō, -ōnis, F. [2 MV-], fortifying; fortification, works, 33.

Mūrus, -ī, M. [2 MV-], encircling thing; wall, city wall, 6, 12, 13, 17, 29, 30, 32. Cf. moenia.

N.

Nam, co-ord. conj. [GNA-], for, 6, 14, 16, 19, 23, 30; as enclitic, quisnam, really, pray, 30. Cf. the postpositive enim.

Nāscor, 3, nātus [GEN-, GNA-], be born; begin, arise, 18.

Nātiō, -ōnis, F. [GEN-, GNA-], birth; race, people, 35. Cf. populus, gēns.

Nātūra, -ae, F. [GEN-, GNA-], birth; nature, character, 8, 15, 18, 22, 29.

(Nātus, -ūs), only abl. sing., M. [GEN-, GNA-], birth, 13, 28.

Nāvō, 1 [GNA-, GNO-], perform with knowledge and zeal; do one’s best, exert one’s self, 25.

Nē, adv. and conj. [NA-], no; adv., not, 3, 17; conj., that not, lest (after expressions involving fear), 1, 5, 8, etc.

Necessārius, -a, -um, adj. [2 NEC-], unavoidable; pressing, urgent, 21.

Necessitās, -ātis, F. [2 NEC-], unavoidableness; necessity, compulsion, 11; urgency, 22.

Neg·ōtium, -ī, N., [1 AV-], not leisure; business, task, 2; trouble, difficulty, 17.

Nē·mō, —, dat. nēminī, abl. wanting, M. and F. [HAM-], no man; nobody, no one, 33.

Ne·que or nec, adv. [NA-; CA-, CI-], and not, and so not, 3, 5, 10, etc.; neque ... neque, neither ... nor, 11, 12, 15, 25.

Nē·quī·quam, adv. [CA-, CI-], not in any way; to no purpose, in vain, 27.

Nerviī, -ōrum, M., most warlike tribe of the Belgæ, 4, 15, 16, etc.

Neuter, -tra, -trum, gen. -trīus, adj. [CA-, CI-], neither (of two), 9.

Nē·ve or neu, conj. [NA-], and not; and that not, 21.

Nihil, indecl., N. [NA-], nothing, 15, 26, 28; as adv., not at all, 17, 20.

Ni·si, conj. [NA-; SOVO-, SVO-], if not, unless, except, 6, 20, 32.

Nōbilitās, -ātis, F. [GNA-, GNO-], being known; high birth, 6.

Noctū, adv. [1 NEC-, NOC-], by night, 33.

Nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, —, [VOL-], not wish; be unwilling, 1.

Nōmen, -inis, N. [GNA-, GNO-], means of knowing; name, 4, 6, 28.

Nōminātim, adv. [GNA-, GNO-], by name, expressly, 25.

Nōminō, 1 [GNA-, GNO-], name, mention, 18.

Nōn, adv. [NA-; 2 I-], not one; not, 2, 6, 8, etc.

Nōn·dum, adv. [NA-; DIV-], not yet, 11.

Nōn·nūllus, -a, -um, adj. [2 I-], not none; some, 1, 25.

Nōnūs, -a, -um, adj., ninth, 23.

Nōs, nostrum, pl. of ego, pron. [NV-], we, 9.

Noster, -stra, -strum, poss. pron. [NV-], our, ours, 1, 4, 8, etc.

Novem, num. adj., indecl., nine, 4.

Noviodūnum, -ī, N., chief town of Suessiones, 12.

Novus, -a, -um, adj. [NV-], new, fresh, 1, 2; strange, novel, 31; superl., last, in the rear, 11, 25, 26.

Nox, -ctis, F. [1 NEC-, NOC-], night, 6, 7, 12, 17.

Nūdō, 1, make bare; bare, strip, 6; leave unguarded, 23.

N·ūllus, -a, -um, adj. [2 I-], not any; none, no, 11, 15, 32; as dat. of nēmō, no one, 6, 35.

Numerus, -ī, M., distributed thing; number, amount, numbers, 4, 10, 17, 33.

Numida, -ae, M., Numidian, 7, 10, 24.

Nun·c, adv. [NV-; CA-, CI-], now, at the present time, 4.

Nūntiō, 1 [NV-], announce, report, 2, 26, 28, 29, 32.

Nūntius, -ī, M. [NV-], person or thing newly come; messenger, 1; message, news, 2, 6; w. acc. and infin.

O.

Ob, prep. w. acc. [APA-], towards; on account of, 35.

Ob·dūcō, 3, -xī, -ductum [DVC-], lead towards; extend, construct, 8.

Ob·itus (-ūs), M. [1 I-], going to; destruction, 29. Cf. interneciō.

Ob·sĕs, -idis, M. and F. [SED-], one staying in a place; hostage, 1, 3, 5, 13, 15, 35.

Ob·tineō, 2, -uī, -tentum [1 TA-, TEN-], lay hold of; have possession of, hold, 4.

Ob·veniō, 4, -vēnī, -ventum [BA-, VA-, VEN-], come in the way of; come against, meet, 23; w. dat.

Oc·cāsus (obc-), -ūs, M. [CAD-], going down; setting, 11.

Oc·cīdō (obc-), 3, -cīdī, -cīsum [2 SAC-, SCĪD-, CĪD-], strike against; kill, slay, 10, 25, 33.

Oc·cultus (obc-), -a, -um, adj. (P. of occulō) [2 CAL-], covered over; hidden, secret, 18.

Oc·cupō (obc-), 1 [CAP-], take hold of; cover, occupy, 8; take possession of, hold, 1; pass., be engaged, occupy one’s self, 19.

Oc·currō (obc-), 3, -currī, -cursum [CEL-, CER-], run towards; fall in with, meet; come against, 21, 24, 27. Cf. obveniō.

Ōceanus, -ī, M., ocean, Atlantic, 34.

Octāvus, -a, -um, adj., eighth, 23.

Octō, num. adj., indecl., eight, 6, 7.

Of·ferō (obf-), -ferre, obtulī, oblātum [1 FER-], bring towards; offer, bear, carry, 21.

O·mittō, 3, -mīsī, -mīssum [MIT-], let go; neglect, leave untried, 17.

Omnis, -e, adj. [AP-, OP-], every, all, entire, 1, 2, 3, etc.

Onus, -eris, N. [AN-], burden; bulk, weight, 30.

Opera, -ae, F. [AP-, OP-], working; work, service, 25.

Opīniō, -ōnis, F. [AP-, OP-], thinking; impression, idea, expectation, 8, 35; reputation, 8, 24.

O·portet, 2, -uit, —, impers. [2 PAR-, POR-], is necessary; must, ought, 20; w. pass. infin. or acc. and infin.

Op·pidānus (obp-), -a, -um, adj. [PED-], of a town; as noun, M., townsman, inhabitant of a town (other than Rome), 7, 33.

Op·pidum (obp-), -ī, N. [PED-], on the ground; town, 3, 4, 6, etc. Cf. urbs; vīcus.

Op·portūnus (obp-), -a, -um, adj. [1 PAR-, PER-], of what is opposite the harbor; suitable, convenient, 8. Cf idōneus.

Op·pūgnātiō (obp-), -ōnis, F. [PAC-, PVG-], act of assaulting; mode of attack, assault, 6.

Op·pūgnō, 1 [PAC-, PVG-], fight against; attack, storm, 6; carry by assault, 12.

(Ops), opis, F. (no nom. or dat. sing.) [AP-, OP-], obtaining thing; help, aid, 31; pl., resources, 14.

Optimus, -a, -um, adj. used as superl. of bonus [AP-, OP-], best, 10.

Opus, -eris, N. [AP-, OP-], obtaining thing; work, siege-work, 12, 19, 20, 21; quantō opere, how greatly, māgnō opere, very much, 5.

Opus, indecl. N. (really same word as above) [AP-, OP-], w. est, is necessary, is needed, 8, 22.

Ōrātiō, -ōnis, F., speaking; address, speech, words, 5, 21.

Ōrdō, -inis, M. [OL-, OR-], weaving; succession, order, 11, 19, 22; rank, line, 11, 19.

Orior, 4, ortus [OL-, OR-], bestir one’s self; arise, be raised, 24; be descended from, 4.

Osismī, -ōrum, M., people of Gaul (in Brittany), 34.

P.

P., abbrev. of Publius, 25, 34.

Pābulum, -ī, N. [PA-], thing affecting feeding; fodder, forage, 2.

Pācō, 1 [PAC-], bring to peace; subdue, 1, 35.

Paemanī, -ōrum, M., German tribe of the Belgæ, 4.

Paene, adv., nearly, almost, 10, 24.

Palūs, -ūdis, F., thing having wet clay; marsh, swamp, morass, 9, 10, 28.

Pandō, 3, -dī, passum [2 PAT-, PAD-], cause to go; spread out, extend, 13.

Pār, paris, adj. [1 PAR-, PER-], equal, 18.

Parātus, -a, -um, adj. (P. of parō) [2 PAR-, POR-], brought; made ready, ready, prepared, 3, 9, 21; w. infin. or expression of purpose.

Pars, partis, F. [2 PAR-, POR-], that cut; part, portion, 1, 4, 9, etc.; quarter, direction, 21, 24, 29; point, side, 5, 8, 22.

Partim, adv. (acc. of Pars) [2 PAR-, POR-], by a dividing; partly, 1, 33.

Parvulus, -a, -um, dim. adj. [PAV-], very small; slight, unimportant, 30.

Passus, -ūs, M. [1 PAT-], going; double pace, step, pace, 8, 18; mīlia passuum, mile (= 5000 feet), 6, 7, 11, 13, 16.

Pate·faciō, 3, -fēcī, -factum [2 PAT-; FAC-], make open; open, throw open, 32.

Pateō, 2, -uī, — [2 PAT-], stand open; be open, spread out, extend, 7, 8.

Pater, -tris, M. [PA-], accomplisher of protecting or nourishing; father, 4.

Patior, 3, passus, suffer, endure, 31; suffer, allow, 15.

Patrius, -a, -um, adj. [PA-], of a father; of one’s ancestors, ancestral, 15.

Paucus, -a, -um, adj. [PAV-], made to cease; pl. only, few, 18; as substantive, a few, small number, 12.

Paulātim, adv. [PAV-], by little and little; gradually, gently, 8, 26.

Paulis·per, adv. [PAV-; 1 PAR-], for a short time, 7.

Paulō, adv. (abl. N. of paulus) [PAV-], by a little; a little, 20.

Paululum, dim. adv. [PAV-], very little; very slightly, 8.

Paulum, adv. (acc. N. of paulus) [PAV-], a little, 25.

Pāx, pācis, F. [PAC-], binding thing; peace, 6, 13, 15, 29, 31, 32.

Pedĕs, -itis, M. [PED-], one that goes on foot; foot-soldier, 24.

Pedester, -tris, -tre, adj. [PED-], of infantry, infantry, 17.

Pedius, -ī, M., Quintus Pedius, Cæsar’s nephew, and lieutenant under him, 2, 11.

Pellis, -is, F. [PLE-], hide, skin, 33.

Pellō, 3, pepulī, pulsum [PAL-, PEL-], cause to move; drive, dislodge, 24; rout, defeat, 17, 19, 24.

Per, prep. w. acc. [1 PAR-, PER-], through; by, by means of, 11, 20, 31; on account of, 16; through, by way of, 16; over, 10.

Per·ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum [1 FER-], carry through; bear, endure, 14; bear, spread among, 35.

Perīclitor, 1 [1 PAR-, PER-], test; prove, make trial, 8.

Perīculum, -ī, N. [1 PAR-, PER-], means of trying, trial; danger, peril, 5, 11, 26.

Per·mittō, 3, -mīsī, -mīssum [MIT-], let through; yield, give up, 3, 31; w. acc. and dat.

Per·moveō, 2, -mōvī, -mōtum [1 MV-, MOV-], stir up thoroughly; disturb, alarm, 12, 24.

Per·spiciō, 3, -spēxī, -spectum [SPEC-], see through, 17, 18; perceive clearly, find out, ascertain, 11, 17, 32.

Per·suādeō, 2, -sī, -sum, thoroughly advise; prevail upon, persuade, 10, 16; w. dat. and subjunctive w. ut.

Per·terreō, 2 [TER-], thoroughly frighten; demoralize, render panic-stricken, 24, 27. Cf. perturbō.

Per·tineō, 2, -uī, — [1 TA-, TEN-], thoroughly hold; extend to, 19.

Per·turbō, 1 [TVR-], throw into utter confusion; disconcert, alarm, 11, 21. Cf. permoveō.

Per·veniō, 4, -vēnī, -ventum [BA-, VA-, VEN-], come quite to; reach, arrive at, 2, 11, 15, 17.

Pēs, pedis, M. [PED-], going thing; foot, 5, 18, 29, 30.

Petō, 3, -īvī and -iī, -ītum [PET-], fall upon; seek, 20, 24; aim at, make for, 11, 23; seek, make request, ask, 12, 14, w. ut and subjunct.; ask, beg, 13, 31, w. acc.

Pīlum, -ī, N. [PIS-], crushing thing; heavy javelin, 23, 27.

Plānitiēs (-ēī), F. [PLAT-], flatness; level stretch of country, plain, 8.

Plērum·que, adv. (acc. N. of plērusque), for the most part, generally, 30.

Plērus·que, -raque, -rumque, adj. [PLE-; CA-, CI-], larger part of; most of, 4.

Plūrimus, -a, -um, adj. (used as superl. of multus) [PLE-, PLO-, PLV-], most; acc. N. as adv., most, 4.

Pol·liceor, 2 [LIC-, LIQV-], offer very much; offer, promise, 4, 35.

Pondus, -eris, N., weighing thing; weight, bulk, 29. Cf. onus.

Pōnō [for portsinō], 3, posuī, positum [1 SA-, SI-], let down; place, establish, pitch, 5, 7, 8, 13; place, base on, 11.

Pōns, pontis, M. [1 PAT-], means of going; bridge, 5, 9, 10.

Populor, 1 [SCAL-, SPOL-], pour out people; lay waste, ravage, raid, 5, 9. Cf. dēpopulor, vāstō.

Populus, -ī, M. [PLE-, PLO-], the many; people, nation, 1, 3, 13, etc. Cf. gēns.

Por·rēctus, -a, -um, adj. (P. of porrigō) [REG-, RIG-], stretched out, stretched forward, 19.

Porta, -ae, F. [1 PAR-, POR-], thing passed through; gate, 6, 24, 32, 33.

Portō, 1 [1 PAR-, POR-], bear along, carry, convey, 5, 29.

Poscō, 3, poposcī, — [PREC-] ask for urgently; demand, request, 15. Cf. petō.

Pos·sideō, 2, -sēdī, -sessum [SED-], have and hold, possess, 4.

Pos·sum, posse, potuī [POT-], be able, can, 1, 3, 4, etc.; amount to, be influential or powerful, 4, 8.

Post, prep. w. acc. [POS-], behind; after, 14, 29; behind, 5, 9, 19.

Post·eā, adv. [POS-; 2 I-], after this; afterwards, 17, 30, 32.

Post·quam, conj. [POS-; CA-], after that; after, as soon as, when, 5.

Postrēmō, at last, finally.

Postrī·diē, adv. (contr. from posterō diē) [POS-; DIV-, DI-], on the day after, 12, 33; w. gen.

Postulō, 1 [PREC-], ask, demand, require, 4, 22, 33. Cf. poscō.

Potēns, -entis, adj. [POT-], able, mighty, powerful, 1, 4.

Potestās, -ātis, F. [POT-], ability; power, control, 3, 31, 34; power, ability, 6.

Potior, 4 [POT-], become master of; get control of, gain, 7, 24, 26; w. abl.

Potius, adv. (compar.) [POT-], rather, preferably, 10; foll. by quam.

Prae, prep. w. abl. [PRO-, PRI-, PRAE-], before; in comparison with, 30.

Prae·acūtus, -a, -um, adj. [1 AC-], sharpened in front; pointed, sharpened at the point, 29.

Prae·beō [for praehibeō], 2 [HAB-], hold forth; furnish, afford, 17.

Prae·ceps, -ipitis, adj. [CAP-], head foremost; headlong, in haste, 24.

Prae·dor [for praehedor], 1, make booty; plunder, raid, 17, 24.

Prae·ferō, -ferre, -tūlī, -lātum [1 FER-], bear before; place before, thrust forward, outdo, 27; w. acc. and dat.

Prae·ficiō, 3, -fēcī, -fectum [FAC-], place over; put at the head of, place in command of, 11; w. acc. and dat.

Prae·mittō, 3, -mīsi, -mīssum [MIT-], send before; send in advance, 11, 17, 19.

Prae·scrībō, 3, -psī, -ptum [SCARP-, SCALP-], write before; dictate, prescribe, direct, 20; w. dat. and indir. question.

Prae·sertim, adv. [1 SER-, SVAR-], by an arranging before; especially, particularly, 30.

Prae·sidium, -ī, N. [SED-], sitting before; guard, defence, support, 5, 19, 26, 29, 33; protection, safety, 11.

Prae·stō, 1, -stitī, — [STA-], stand before; excel, 15; put forth, exhibit, 27; be preferable, be better (impers.), 31.

Prae·sum, -esse, -fuī [ES-], be before; be in charge of, command, 6, 9; w. dat.

Praeter·eā, in addition.

Premō, 3, pressī, pressum, press; push closely, press hard, 24.

Prīmi·pīlus, -ī, M. [PRO-, PRI-; PIS-], first centurion of the triarii, 25.

Prīmō, adv. [PRO-], at first, 8.

Prīmum, adv. (acc. N. of prīmus) [PRO-, PRI-], first thing; first, in the first place, 1, 10, 30; cum prīmum, as soon as, 2.

Prīmus, -a, -um, adj. [PRO-, PRI-], first, foremost, 10, 11, 17, etc.; as noun, M., chief, leading man, 3, 13.

Prīn·ceps, -ipis, adj. [PRO-, PRI-; CAP-], taking first place; as noun, leader, chief, 5, 14. Cf. prīmus.

Prior, -ius, gen. -ōris, adj. [PRO-, PRI-], former; those preceding, men in front, 11. Opp. novissimī.

Prīs·tinus, -a, -um, adj. [PRO-, PRI-; 1 TA-, TEN-] former; former, old time, 21.

Prius, adv. (acc. N. of prior) [PRO-, PRI-], earlier, sooner, 32; foll. by quam.

Prius·quam, adv., conj. (= prius quam) [PRO-, PRI-; CA-], sooner than, before, 12; w. subj. Cf. prius quam, 32.

Prō, prep. w. abl. [PRO-, PRI-], before; in front of, before, 8; in behalf of, 14; in proportion to, to the best of one’s ability, 25; in accordance with, agreeably to, 31.

Prō·cēdō, 3, -cessī, -cessum [CAD-], go forward; advance, proceed, 20, 25.

Pro·cul, adv. [CEL-], driven forward; at a distance, afar off, 30.

Prō·cumbō, 3, -cubuī, -cubitum, bend forwards; fall forward, sink to the ground, 27.

Proelior, 1, fight, contend, 23. Cf. dīmicō, congredior.

Proelium, -ī, N., fighting, fight, 23, 25, 26, 27; skirmish, engagement, battle, 8, 9, 20, 21, 28, 30.

Pro·fectiō, -ōnis, F. [FAC-], going away; setting out, departure, 11.

Pro·ficīscor, 3, -fectus [FAC-], begin to go forward; set out, go, march, 2, 21, 25, 35.

Prō·flīgō, 1 [FLAG-, FLIG-], strike to the ground; rout, defeat, 23. Cf. pellō, cōniciō.

Pro·fugiō, 3, -fūgī, — [2 FVG-], flee before; flee for refuge, escape, 14.

Prō·gnātus, -a, -um, adj. [GEN-, GN-, GNA-], born, descended, sprung from, 29.

Prō·gredior, 3, -gressus [GRAD-], go forward; advance, proceed, 10, 23. Cf. prōcēdō.

Pro·hibeō, 2 [HAB-], hold before; hinder, prevent, 4, w. acc. and infin.; keep from, cut off, 9, 28, w. acc. and abl.

Prō·iciō, 3, -iēcī, -iectum [IA-, IAC-], cast forward; give up, abandon, renounce, 15.

Prō·moveō, 2, -mōvī, -mōtum [1 MV-, MOV-], move forward, advance, 31.

Prope, adv. [PARC-, PLEC-], near; nearly, almost, 28, 32.

Pro·perō, 1 [2 PAR-, POR-], hasten, make haste, 11, 35.

Propīnquitās, -ātis, F. [PARC-, PLEC-], nearness, proximity, 20; family connection, kinship, 4. Cf. adfīnitās.

Propīnquus, -a, -um, adj. [PARC-, PLEC-], being near; near, close, adjacent, 35, w. dat.

Prō·pōnō, 3, -posuī, -positum [1 SA-, SI-], place before; put forth, expose to view, display, 20.

Prop·ter, prep. w. acc. [PARC-, PLEC-], near; on account of, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20.

Propter·eā, adv. [PARC-, PLEC-], on account of that; foll. by quod, for the reason (that), because, 4; foll. by indic.

Prō·pūgnō, 1 [PAC-, PAG-, PVG-], fight before; fight in defence, make defensive sallies, 7.

Prō·sequor, 3, -secūtus [SEC-], follow onward; pursue, follow after, 11; follow, address, 5.

Prō·spectus, -ūs, M. [SPEC-], forward look; out-look, distant view, prospect, 22.

Prō·tinus, adv. [1 TA-, TEN-], before one’s self; at once, immediately, 9.

Prō·turbō, 1 [TVR-], drive forward; drive off, frighten away, 19. Cf. pellō.

Prō·videō, 2, -vīdī, -vīsum [VID-], see before; look out, see, attend to, 22.

Prō·vincia, -ae, F. [VIC-], territory acquired by conquest; province, 29.

Prō·volō, 1, -āvī, —, fly forth; hasten forth, hurry forward, 19.

Proximē, adv., superl. of prope [PARC-, PLEC-], nearest; most recently, last, 8, 19.

Proximus, -a, -um, adj. (superl. of propior, no pos.) [PARC-, PLEC-], nearest, closest, 3, 12, 33; next, following, 27, (of time) 12, 35.

Prū·dentia (for prō·videntia), -ae, F. [VID-], seeing before; foresight, wisdom, prudence, 4.

Pūblicus, -a, -um, adj. [PLE-, PLO-], belonging to the people; w. rēs, republic, state, government, 5.

Puer, -erī, M., one begotten; boy, child, 13, 28.

Pūgna, -ae, F. [PAC-, PAG-, PVG-], thrusting thing; fight, battle, 16, 25, 28, 29. Cf. proelium.

Pūgnō, 1 [PAC-, PAG-, PVG-], fight, contend, 8, 10, 21, 26, 27, 33. Cf. congredior, contendō, dīmicō, proelior.

Q.

Q., abbrev. for Quīntus, 2, 5, 9, 11.

Quā, adv. (abl. F. of quī) [CA-], on which side; at what point, where, 33.

Quadrin·gentī, -ae, -a, num. adj. [CEN-], four hundred, 8.

Quaerō, 3, -sīvī, -sītum, seek; ask, enquire, make enquiry, 4, 15; look for, seek, try to find, 21. Cf. petō.

Quam, adv. (acc. of quī) [CA-], in what manner; than, 10, 19, 20, 21, 22, 31, 32. Cf. āc (19).

Quam·vīs, adv. [CA-; VOL-], as you will; as much as you like, any-so-ever, any, 31.

Quantus, -a, -um, adj. [CA-], how great, how many, 4, 5, 14, 26, in indir. quest.; as great as, as much as, 8, 11. Cf. tantus.

Quartus, -a, -um, adj., fourth, 25.

Quattuor, num. adj., indecl., four, 33.

Que, enclitic conj. [CA-, CI-], and, 1, 2, 3, etc. Joins kindred expressions; sometimes couples a sentence to a preceding one. Cf. et, atque.

Quī, quae, quod, rel. and adj. pron. [CA-, CI-], who, which, what, that, 1, 2, 3, etc.

Quī·dam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron. [CA-, CI-; 3 DA-], certain one, some one, 17.

Qui·dem, adv. [CA-, CI-; 3 DA-], certainly; nē ... quidem, enclosing emphatic word or expression, not even, 3, 17.

Quī·n, conj. w. subj. [CA-, CI-; NA-], by which not; but that, that, from, 2, 3.

Quī·nam (quis-), quae-, quod-, interrog. pron. [CA-, CI-], for who? who, which, what, pray? what in the world? 30.

Quīn·decim, num. adj., indecl. [DEC-], fifteen, 2, 4, 30, 35.

Quīn·gentī, -ae, -a, num. adj. [CEN-], five hundred, 28.

Quīnquā·gintā, num. adj., indecl., fifty, 4, 33.

Quīnque, num. adj., indecl., five.

Quis, quae, quid? interrog. pron. [CA-, CI-], who? which? what? 4, 8, 11, etc. Indef. after sī and nē, any one, any, 8, 14, 32, 33.

Quis·quam, —, quicquam (quidq-), indef. pron. [CA-, CI-], any, any at all, 17; in negative clauses.

Quis·que, quae-, quid- (quod-), indef. pron. [CA-, CI-], each, each one, every, 4, 10, 11, 21, 22, 25.

Quis·quis, —, quicquid (quidq-) or quodquod, indef. rel. pron. [CA-, CI-], whatever, whatsoever, everything which, 17.

Quō, rel. adv. (dat. and abl. of quī) [CA-, CI-], in what place; (dat. use) where, whither, 16 17, 21; conj. (rel. adv.), = ut eō, by which, so that, that, 25.

Quod, conj. (acc. N. of qui) [CA-, CI-], that; in that, because, 1, 4, 10, etc.; the fact that, 17.

Quo·que, adv. [CA-, CI-], also, too, as well, 10, 22; placed after word to be emphasized.

R.

Rāmus, -ī, M., growing thing; branch, 17.

Ratiō, -ōnis, F. [RA-], reckoning; consideration, 10; plan, method, system, 19, 22.

Re-, Red-, back, away, in comp. only.

Re·cipiō, 3, -cēpī, -ceptum [CAP-], take back; admit, receive, 3, 15; with reflex. pron., recover, 12; betake one’s self, retreat, go, 11, 19, 24. Cf. sē cōnferre.

Red·dō, 3, -didī, -ditum [1 DA-], give back; render, 5.

Red·eō, -īre, -iī, -itum [1 I-], go back; recede, decline, slope away, 8.

Red·igō, 3, -ēgī, -āctum [AG-], drive back; bring down, reduce, 14, 28, 34; render, 27. Cf. reddō.

Red·in·tegrō, 1 [TAG-], make whole again; renew, restore, 23, 25, 27.

Rēdonēs, -um, M., tribe of Brittany, 34.

Re·dūcō, 3, -xī, -ductum [DVC-], lead back, 9.

Re·ferō, -ferre, rettulī, -lātum [1 FER-], bear back; report, announce, 33. Cf. adferō, renūntiō.

Re·fringō, 3, -frēgī, -frāctum, break back; break open, tear open, 33.

Regiō, -ōnis, F. [REG-], directing, direction; region, district, locality, country, 4.

Rēgnum, -ī, N. [REG-], that which rules; power, control, 1.

Rē·iciō, 3, -iēcī, -iectum [IA-, IAC-], hurl back; throw back, drive back, 33.

Re·languēscō, 3, -guī, — [LAG-], lose energy, be weakened, 15.

Re·linquō, 3, -līquī, -līctum [LIC-, LIQV-] leave behind, leave, 5, 8, 29.

Re·liquus, -a, -um, adj. [LIC-, LIQV-], remaining; other, rest of, 2, 3, 5, etc.; as noun, M., the rest, the others, 10, 25.

Rēmī, -ōrum, M., people of Belgium on the Axona, 3, 4, 5, etc.

Re·mittō, 3, -mīsī, -mīssum [MIT-], send back; hurl back, return, 27; relax, weaken, 15.

Rēmus, -ī, M., a Remian, 6.

Re·nūntiō, 1 [NV-], bring back word; announce, report, 24; w. dat. and acc. and infin. Cf. adferō, referō.

Re·pellō, 3, reppulī, -pulsum [PAL-, PEL-, PVL-], drive back, repulse, 10. Cf. rēiciō.

Repentīnō, adv. (abl. of repentīnus), suddenly, 33.

Re·periō, 4, repperī, -pertum [2 PAR-, POR-], produce again; find, find out, ascertain, 9; w. acc. and infin., 4, 15.

Rēs, reī, F. [RA-], thing spoken of; thing, circumstance, matter, affair, business, fact, 1, 2, 3, etc.; rēs frūmentāria, grain-supply, provisions, 2; rēs pūblica, state, republic, 5.

Re·sistō, 3, -stitī, — [STA-], stand back; hold one’s ground, maintain one’s position, resist, 22, 23, 26.

Re·spiciō, 3, -spēxī, -spectum [SPEC-], look back, look behind one, 24.

Re·spondeō, 2, -ndī, -spōnsum, promise in return; reply, answer, 32.

Re·tineō, 2, -uī, -tentum [1 TA-, TEN-], keep back; keep up, maintain, 21; keep back, reserve, 32, 33.

Re·vertor, 3, -versus (active in perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect: reverti, reverteram, revertero) [VERT-], turn back; return, go back, 10, 14, 29, 35.

Re·vocō, 1 (VOC-, VAG-), call back, summon, 20.

Rēx, rēgis, M. [REG-], ruler; king, chieftain, 4, 13.

Rhēnus, -ī, M., the Rhine, 3, 4, 29, 35.

Rīpa, -ae, F., bank, river-bank, 5, 23, 27.

Rōmānus, -a, -um, adj., Roman, 1, 3, etc.; as noun, M., Roman, 10, 12, 13, etc.

Rubus, -ī, M., red-colored thing; bramble, 17.

Rūmor, -ōris, M., sounding; report, rumor, 1.

Rūpēs, -is, F. [RAP-, RVP-], broken thing; cliff, steep rock, 29.

R·ūrsus, adv. [VERT-], turned back; again, back again, 19, 23, 24.

S.

Sabīnus, -ī, M., Q. Titurius Sabinus, lieutenant of Cæsar, 5.

Sabis, -is, M., river Sambre in country of Nervii, 16, 18.

Saepēs, -is, F. [1 SAC-, SAG-], hedge, 17, 22.

Sagittārius, -ī, M. [1 SAC-, SAG-], of an arrow; archer, bowman, 7, 10, 19.

Salūs, -ūtis, F. [SAL-, SER-], being well; preservation, salvation, safety, 27, 33; well-being, welfare, 5.

Sarcinae, -ārum, F., bundle; luggage, personal baggage, 17.

Saxum, -ī, N. [2 SAC-, SEC-], fragment of rock; rock, stone, 29.

Scientia, -ae, F. [2 SAC-, SEC-, SCI-], knowing; knowledge, 20.

Scrībō, 3, -psī, -ptum [SCARP-, SCALP-], scratch; write, give an account, 29.

Scūtum, -ī, N. [SCV-, CV-], covering thing; shield, 21, 25, 27, 33.

Sectiō, -ōnis, F. [2 SAC-, SEC-], cutting; lot of booty, booty, 33.

Secundum, prep. w. acc. (acc. N. of secundus) [SEC-], following; in the direction of, along, 18.

Secundus, -a, -um, adj. [SEC-], following; second, 11; successful, favorable, 9.

Sed, co-ord. conj., adversative [SOVO-, SVO-], apart from; but, 14, 17, 19, 20, 21, 32.

Senātor, -ōris, M. [SEN-], old man; elder, senator, 28.

Senātus, -ūs, M. [SEN-], office of an old man; council, senate, 5.

Senonēs, -um, M., tribe on upper Seine, 2.

Sententia, -ae, F. [SENT-], thinking; opinion, view, 10.

Sentēs, -ium, M., thorns, briars, brambles, 17.

Septimus, -a, -um, adj., seventh, 23, 26.

Sequor, 3, secūtus [SEC-], follow; go along, accompany, 17; follow, result, 22.

Servitūs, -ūtis, F. [1 SER-, SVAR-], slavery, servitude, subjection, 14.

Servō, 1 [SAL-, SER-], save; keep, maintain, 33.

Sex, num. adj., indecl., six, 5, 8, 19, 29.

Sexāgintā, num. adj., indecl., sixty, 4.

Sex·centī, -ae, -a, num. adj. [CEN-], six hundred, 15, 28.

Sī, conj. [SOVO-, SVO-], if, in case, 5, 8, 9, etc.; to see if, whether, 9, w. indir. question.

Sī·c, adv. [3 SA-; CA-, CI-], in this manner; so, in such a manner, 32; in following manner, as follows, 4, 15.

Sīgni·fer, -erī, M. [3 SAC-; 1 FER-], standard-bearer, ensign, 25.

Sīgni·ficātiō, -ōnis, F. [3 SAC-; FAC-], pointing out; announcement, signal, 33.

Sīgni·ficō, 1 [3 SAC-; FAC-], show by signs; indicate, show, 7; announce, make known, 13; w. acc. and infin.

Sīgnum, -ī, N. [3 SAC-], mark; signal, sign, 20, 21; military standard, ensign, 21, 25, 26; — convertere, face about, wheel, 26; — īnferre, advance to attack, charge, 25; ad — cōnsistere, rally round the standards, 21.

Silva, -ae, F. [2 SER-, SVAL-], wood, forest, 18, 19.

Silvestris, -e, adj. [2 SER-, SVAL-], of a wood; wooded, 18.

Simul, adv. [2 SA-, SIM-], together; at the same time, 24.

Si·ne, prep. w. abl. [SOVO-], without, 5, 11, 15, 25, 31.

Singulāris, -e, adj. [2 SA-, SEM-, SIM-], one by one; remarkable, extraordinary, 24. Cf. eximius.

Singulī, -ae, -a, distrib. num. adj. [2 SA-, SEM-, SIM-], one to each; one at a time, separate, single, 17, 20.

Sinister, -tra, -trum, adj. left, on the left, 23.

Sōl, -is, M. [2 SER-, SVAL-], sun, 11.

Solli·citō, 1 [SAL-; CI-], move violently; stir up, instigate, incite, 1.

Sōlum, adv. (acc. N. of sōlus) [SAL-, SER-], alone, only, 14.

Sōlus, -a, -um, adj. [SAL-, SER-], alone, only, sole, 4.

Spatium, -ī, N., [SPA-, PA-], race-course; space, distance, 17, 30; extent, time, 11.

Speciēs, -iēī, F. [SPEC-], seeing; sight, form, appearance, 31.

Speculātor, -ōris, M. [SPEC-], searcher; scout, spy, 11. Cf. explōrātor.

Spēs, -eī, F. [SPA, PA-], hope, expectation, 7, 25, 27, 33.

Spīritus, -ūs, M., breathing; feeling, pride, haughtiness, 4.

Statim, adv. [STA-], in standing; at once, immediately, 11. Cf. prōtinus.

Statiō, -ōnis, F. [STA-], standing; guard, out-post, picket, 18.

Statuō, 3, -uī, -ūtum [STA-], make stand; fix, determine, decide, 8, 31.

Statūra, -ae, F. [STA-], standing upright; stature, size, 30.

Strepitus, -ūs, M., clashing, clatter, noise, din, 11. Cf. clāmor, fremitus.

Studeō, 2, -uī, — [SPA-, PA-], be eager; strive after, be bent upon, desire, 1; devote one’s self to, pay attention to, 17; w. dat.

Studium, -ī, N. [SPA-, PA-], zeal, eagerness, enthusiasm, 7.

Sub, prep. w. abl. and acc., under, beneath, 17; near to, toward, 11, 33.

Sub·eō, -īre, -iī, -itum [1 I-], go under; go near, approach closely, come up, 25, 27. Cf. adpropīnquō, succēdō.

Sub·itō, adv. (abl. of subitus) [1 I-], by coming on stealthily; suddenly, unexpectedly, 19; hastily, offhand, 33. Cf. repentīnō.

Sub·mittō (summ-), 3, -mīsī, -mīssum [MIT-], send below; send to aid, despatch, send, 6, 25; w. dat.

Sub·ruō (surr-), 3, -ruī, -rutum, tear down below; undermine, dig under, 6.

Sub·sequor, 3, -secūtus [SEC-], follow closely, pursue, 11, 19.

Sub·sidium, -ī, N. [SED-], sitting behind; reserve forces, reserves, 22, 25; aid, assistance, help, 6, 7, 8, 20, 26. Cf. auxilium.

Suc·cēdō (subc-), 3, -cessī, -cessum [CAD-], go below; draw near, approach closely, 6. Cf. subeō, adpropīnquō.

Suc·cessus (subc-), -ūs, M. [CAD-], going below; advance, close approach, 20.

Suessiōnēs, -um, M., German tribe north of the Marne, 3, 4, 12, 13.

Suī, sibi, sē (sēsē), reflex. pron. referring to subject or speaker, [SOVO-, SVO-], self; of himself, of themselves, etc., 1, 2, 3, etc.

Sum, esse, fuī [ES-], be; exist, be, 1, 2, 3, etc.

Summa, -ae, F. (f. of summus, sc. rēs), highest (thing); chief control, general management, 4, 23.

Summus, -a, -um, adj. (superl. of superus), highest, greatest, topmost, 6, 23, 24, 32; highest part, summit, top, 18, 26.

Sū·mō, 3, -mpsī, -mptum [EM-], take, claim, assume, 4.

Superior, -ius, gen. -ōris, adj. compar. of superus, higher, upper, 18, 23, 26; preceding, former, past, 20. Cf. altior; prīstinus.

Superō, 1, go over; defeat, vanquish, 24. Cf. vincō.

Super·sedeō, 2, -sēdī, -sessum [SED-], sit over; refrain from, omit, postpone, 8; w. abl.

Super·sum, -esse, -fuī [ES-], be above; remain, survive, 27, 28.

Sup·plex (subpl-), -icis, adj. [PARC-, PLEC-], folding the knees beneath; suppliant, beseeching, 28.

Sup·plicātiō (subpl-), -ōnis, F. [PARC-, PLEC-], kneeling down; thanksgiving, 35.

Suprā, adv., on upper side; above, before, 1, 18, 29.

Sus·tentō, 1 [1 TA-, TEN-], keep holding up; hold out, maintain one’s self, 6, 14.

Sus·tineō, 2, -uī, -tentum [1 TA-, TEN-], hold up under; withstand, sustain, 11, 21; with reflex. pron., hold out, 6; keep upright, stand up, 25.

Suus, -a, -um, poss. adj. [SOVO-, SVO-], of himself, his own, their own, etc., 3, 4, 5, etc.; as noun, M., their (his) countrymen, friends, 6, 8, 9, etc.; N., property, possessions, 3, 13, 29.

T.

T., praenomen Titus, T. Labienus, 11, 26.

Tam, adv. [2 TA-], so far; so, to such a degree, 21.

Tamen, adv. [2 TA-], in so far; still, however; nevertheless 8, 32.

Tantulus, -a, -um, dim. adj. [2 TA-], so small; so trifling, 30. Cf. parvulus.

Tantus, -a, -um, adj. [2 TA-], of such size; so great, so much, 3, 5, 6, etc.

Tardō, 1, make slow, retard, check, 25.

Tardus, -a, -um, adj., slow (weary, exhausted), 25.

Tegimenta (tegu-), -ōrum, N., means of covering; covering, cover, 21.

Tēlum, -ī, N. [TEC-], missile, weapon, javelin, 6, 10, 21, 25, 27, 33.

Tempus, -oris, N. [1 TA-, TEN-], time (in general), 5, 14, 19, 20, 21, 24, 33, 34; moment, 19; time, period, day, 17, 35; emergency, crisis, 22.

Tendō, 3, tetendī, tentum (tēnsum) [1 TA-, TEN-], stretch; stretch out, extend, 13. Cf. pandō.

Teneō, 2, -uī, — [1 TA-, TEN-], hold, have, 23; hold, surround, 24.

Tener, -era, -erum, adj. [1 TA-, TEN-], tender, young, 17.

Terror, -ōris, M. [TER-, TERS-], frightening; great fear, fright, panic, 12.

Tertius, -a, -um, adj., third, 1, 32, 33.

Testūdō, -inis, F., having a shell; tortoise, bulwark of shields, 6.

Teutonī, -ōrum (-ēs, -um), M., German tribe, 4, 29.

Timeō, 2, -uī, —, fear, be afraid, entertain fears, 26, w. nē followed by subjunctive.

Titurius, -ī, M., Q. Titurius Sabinus, lieutenant of Cæsar’s, 5, 9, 10.

Titus, -ī, M., praenomen of Labienus, Cæsar’s lieutenant, 11, 26.

Tormentum, -ī, N. [TARC- (TARP-), TREP-], thing twisted; machine of war, engine for hurling, 8.

Tot·idem, adj., indecl. [2 TA-; 3 DA], just as many, same number of, 4.

Tōtus, -a, -um, gen. totīus, adj. [TV-, TO-], increased; whole, entire, 4, 6, 19, 23.

Trabs, trabis, F. [TARC- (TARP-), TREP-], beam, timber, 29.

Trā·dō, 3, -didī, -ditum [1 DA-], give over; hand over, give up, surrender, 13, 15, 31, 32.

Trā·dūcō, 3, -xī, -ductum [DVC-], lead over; lead across, bring over, 4, 5, 9, 10.

Trāns, prep. w. acc., across, over, beyond, 16, 35.

Trāns·eō, -īre, -iī, -itum [1 I-], go over; go across, cross, 9, 10, 23, 24, 27.

Trāns·gredior, 3, -gressus [GRAD-], go over; go across, cross, 19. Cf. trānseō.

Trāns·versus, -a, -um, adj. [VERT-], turned across; crosswise, at right angles, oblique, 8.

Trēs, tria, gen. -ium, num. adj., three, 11, 18, 28, 33.

Trēverī, -ōrum, M., Celtic tribe on the Moselle, 24.

Tribūnus, -ī, M., tribune, 26.

Trī·duum, -ī, N. [DIV-, DI-, DIAV-], three days’ time, 16.

Tuba, -ae, F., trumpet, 20.

Tum, adv. [2 TA-], then, at that time, 2, 6; then, in addition, further, 27, 29; cum ... tum, both ... and, 4.

Tumultus, -ūs, M. [TV-, TVM-], swelling; confusion, uproar, noise, 11. Cf. strepitus.

Tumulus, -ī, M. [TV-, TVM-] swelling up; mound, hillock, hill, 27.

Turonēs, -um (-ī, -ōrum), M., tribe of Gaul on Loire, 35.

Turpitūdō, -inis, F. [TARC- (TARP-), TREP-], ugliness; disgrace, dishonor, 27.

Turris, -is, F. [TVR-], tower, 12, 30, 33.

Tūtus, -a, -um, adj. (P. of tueor), well guarded; safe, secure, 5, 28.

U.

Ubi, rel. adv. [CA-, CI-], in which place; where, 8, 35; when, as soon as, 6, 8, 9, 10, 19, 25, 30, 31.

Ūllus, -a, -um, gen. ūllīus, dim. adj. [2 I-], any one (at all), any, 11, 15, 25; w. negative expression.

Ūnā, adv. (abl. F. of ūnus) [2 I-], in one and the same place; at the same time, together, 16, 17, 24, 28, 29; foll. by cum and abl.

Ūn·decimus, -a, -um, adj. [2 I-; DEC-], eleventh, 23.

Undi·que, adv. [CA-, CI-], whencesoever; from every quarter, from all sides, 6, 10.

Uneīlī, -ōrum, M., tribe in Normandy, 34.

Ūni·versus, -a, -um, adj. [2 I-; VERT-], turned into one; whole, all, in a mass, 33.

Unus, -a, -um, gen. -īus, num. adj. [2 I-], one, 2, 5, 6, 29, 31, 34; one, one and the same, 3, 5, 19, 20; common, one alone, 4, 22, alone, only, 33; a, 25.

Urgeō, 2, ursī, — [VERG-, VRG-], press, press hard, 25, 26.

Ūsus, -ūs, M. [1 AV-], using; practice, experience, 20; use, advantage, 9, 12.

Ut or Utī, conj. [CA-, CI-], in what manner; as, 1, 7, 11, etc., w. indic.; in order that, that, to, 2, 8, 9, etc.; that, so that, 3, 4, 5, etc.

Uter·que, -traque, -trumque, gen. utrīusque, pron. [CA-, CI-], both one and the other; each of two, both, 8, 16, 25.

Ūtor, 3, ūsus [1 AV-], use, make use of, employ, have, 3, 7, 10, 25, 28; use, practise, 14, 28; enjoy, maintain, 32; w. abl.

V.

Vacuus, -a, -um, adj., empty, clear, free, unoccupied; w. ab and abl., 12.

Vadum, -ī, N. [BA-, VA-], place through which one can go; ford, crossing, 9.

Valeō, 2, -uī, -itūrus, be strong, have influence, 4, 17.

Vāllum, -ī, N. [1 VEL-, VAL-], earthen wall; earth-works, rampart, 5, 30, 33.

Varius, -a, -um, adj., spotted; changing, different, 22.

Vāstō, 1, make empty; lay waste, ravage. Cf. populor, dēpopulor.

Velocassēs, -um, M., one of the minor Belgian tribes, 4.

Vēn·dō, 3, -didī (-ditum) [1 DA-], place for sale; sell, 33.

Venellī, see Unellī.

Venetī, -ōrum, M., tribe of Bretagne, 34.

Veniō, 4, vēnī, ventum [BA-, VA-, VEN-], come, approach, 2, 3, 5, etc.

Verbum, -ī, N. [VER-], that spoken; word, discourse, intercession, 14.

Vereor, 2 [1 VEL-, VER-], feel awe; fear, be afraid, 11.

Vergō, 3, —, — [VERG-], bend, incline, 18.

Vērō, adv. (abl. N. of vērus) [VER-], in truth, in fact, but, however, 2, 27, 31.

Veromanduī, -ōrum, M., Gallic tribe in modern Picardy, 4, 16, 23.

Versō, 1 [VERT-], keep turning; pass., be engaged in, be occupied about, 24; dwell, remain, be, 1.

Vesper, -erī or -eris, M., evening, nightfall, 33.

Vester, -tra, -trum, your, yours.

Vetō, 1, -uī, -itum [VET-], leave in old state; advise against, forbid, 20.

Vēxillum, -ī, N. [VAG-, VEH-], military ensign, banner, flag, 20.

Vēxō, 1 [VAG-, VEH-], keep carrying; harass, overrun, 4.

Vīctor, -ōris, M. [VIC-], conqueror, victor, 28; in appos. conquering, victorious, 24.

Vīcus, -ī, M., row of houses; village, hamlet, 7.

Videō, 2, vīdī, vīsum [VID-], see, perceive, 12, 19; see, know, 5, 10, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, w. acc. and infin.; pass., seem, appear, 11, 16, 18, 28, 33; seem good, seem best, 20.

Vigilia, -ae, F., being awake; watch, night-watch, 11, 33.

Vīmen, -inis, N. [VI-, VIC-], means of binding; willow, withe, wicker-work, 33.

Vincō, 3, vīcī, vīctum [VIC-], conquer, defeat, 28. Cf. superō.

Vīnea, -ae, F. [VI-, VIC-], shelter for vines; covered shed, movable shelter, 12, 30.

Vīnum, -ī, N. [VI-, VIC-], wine, 15.

Vir, virī, M., male, man, 25, 33.

Virtūs, -ūtis, F., manhood; bravery, valor, 4, 8, 15, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33.

Vīs, vim, vī, F., strength, power, 30.

Vītō, 1, shun, try to escape, avoid, 25.

Vix, adv. [VIC-], with effort; barely, scarcely, hardly, 28.

Voluntās, -ātis, F. [VOL-], will, wish, desire, 4.

Vōx, vōcis, F. [VOC], that which calls out; voice, utterance, 13, 30.

Vulgō (volgō), adv. (abl. of vulgus) [VERG-, VALG-], among the people; generally, commonly, 1.

Vulnerō, 1 [2 VEL-, VOL-], wound, injure, 25.

Vulnus, -eris, N. [2 VEL-, VOL-], wound, hurt, 23, 25, 27.

ETYMOLOGICAL VOCABULARY.

The relation in meaning of some words in certain groups to the root is sometimes obscure or even impossible to be traced with absolute certainty. Sometimes the relation is obscured by the omission in this vocabulary of an interlinking word, because it does not occur in the text. Let us take an example close at hand, the root AID- and the noun aestuārium. The notion “inlet” seems very remote from the notion “burn.” But aestuārium is formed from aestus (for aedtus), the first meaning of which is the raging of fire, waves or billows of heat. As we might expect, a secondary meaning is, the raging of water, waves, billows, in the proper sense. From the force of the suffix -ārium, aestuārium should mean a sea-marsh, or a tract overflowed at high tide; and from this the notion “inlet,” the place through which the tide rushes, comes naturally enough.

The following roots, with their meanings, have been mostly taken from the excellent Elementary Latin Dictionary of Dr. Charlton T. Lewis.

1. AC-, sharp, pierce.

Aciēs, edge, line of battle.

Prae·acūtus, sharpened at the point.

Ācr·iter, sharply.

Acervus, heap.

Co·acervō, heap up.

2. AC-, swift.

Equĕs, horseman.

Equester, of horsemen.

Equitātus, cavalry.

AG-, drive.

Agō, drive, lead.

Cō·gō [for con·agō], drive together, compel.

Red·igō, drive back, reduce.

Ager, land.

Āgmen, marching column.

Īgnis, fire.

Ex·agitō, harass.

AID-, burn.

Aedi·ficium [from aedēs, hearth], building.

Aestās [for aid·tās], summer.

Aestuārium [for aid·t-], inlet.

1. AL-, AR-, feed, grow, raise.

Altus, high.

Altitūdō, height.

Arduus, steep.

Arbor, tree.

2. AL- (ALI-), other, strange.

Alius, other.

Aliās, at some other time.

Aliēnus, another’s.

Al·iter, other-wise.

Alter, the other (of two).

AM-, love.

Amīcus, friend.

Amīcitia, friendship.

In·imīcus, unfriendly, hostile.

AN-, breathe.

Animus, spirit.

Ex·animō, make breathless.

Onus (as the cause of panting), weight.

ANA-, pronominal stem, third person.

In, in, into.

Inter, between.

Inter·eā, meanwhile.

Inter·im, meanwhile.

Interior [compar. of obs. interus], inner.

Intrā, within.

Intrō, enter.

?Ille [old form ollus, from onolus], that one.

ANT-, before, against.

Ante, before, formerly.

Antīquitus, of old.

AP-, OP-, lay hold of work, help.

(Ops), aid.

Opus, work.

Opera, exertion, service.

C·ōpia [for com·opia], supply.

Co·epī [for com·apiō], begin.

Optimus, best.

Omnis [for apnis], all.

Opīniō, impression.

APA-, away, from.

Ab, from, by.

Ap·ud, among.

Ob, against.

AR-, fit.

Armō, arm.

Arma, arms.

Armātūra, equipment.

In·ermis, unarmed.

ARC-, shut in, keep off.

Ex·ercitus, army.

Ex·ercitātus, trained.

1. AV-, mark, desire, delight.

Audeō, dare.

Audāc·ter, boldly.

Ūtor [for avtor], use.

Ūsus, use, experience.

In·ūsitātus, unusual.

In·ūtilis, useless.

Neg·ōtium [for nec·avtium], business.

2. AV-, mark, notice.

Audiō, hear.

Ex·audiō, overhear.

AVG-, grow.

Auctōritās, power.

Auxilium, aid.

BA-, VA-, VEN-, go.

Ar·bitror [for ad·batror], believe.

Du·bitō, doubt, hesitate.

Vadum, ford.

Veniō, come.

Ad·ventus, arrival.

Circum·veniō, outflank.

Con·veniō, meet.

Dē·veniō, come to.

Ē·ventus, outcome.

In·veniō, find.

Ob·veniō, fall in with.

Per·veniō, arrive at.

CA-, CI-, pronominal stem, who.

Quī, who.

Quī·dam, a certain one.

Qui·dem, certainly.

Quīn [for quī·nē], but that.

Quā, where.

Quō, whither.

Quod, because.

Quis, who?

Quī·nam, who, pray?

Quis·quam, any.

Nē·quī·quam, in vain.

Quis·quis, whoever.

Quis·que, each one.

Quo·que, also.

Cum (quom), when.

Quam, than.

Quam·vīs, how-so-ever.

Post·quam, after.

Prius·quam, sooner than.

Quantus, how great.

Que, and.

Ita·que, and so.

Ne·que, and not.

Ubi [for quō·bi], where.

Undi·que [for cunde·que], from all sides.

Cēterī, the others.

Cis, this side of.

Citerior, hither.

Citrā, this side of.

Ut or Utī [for cutī or quotī], as, in order that.

Uter·que [for quoter·que], each.

Ne·uter, neither.

Cotī·diē, daily.

Hī·c [for hī·ce], this.

Nun·c [for num·ce], now.

Sī·c [for sī·ce], so.

CAD-, fall.

Cadō, fall.

Ac·cidō (adc-), befall.

In·cidō, happen.

Cadāver, dead body.

Cāsus, happening.

Oc·cāsus (obc-), setting.

Cēdō, give way.

Ac·cēdō (adc-), approach.

Dis·cēdō, depart.

Dis·cessus, departure.

Ex·cēdō, withdraw from.

Inter·cēdō, intervene.

Prō·cēdō, advance.

Suc·cēdō (subc-), approach.

Suc·cessus (subc-), close approach.

Ar·cessō [for ad·cēdsō], summon.

1. CAL-, CAR-, call.