Part 4 — INDEX
Reading edition
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
Abbé, 17 condenser, 200 microscope, improvements in, 30, 36
Abilgaard, 26
Abrin, 262
Absorption of free nitrogen, 117 tests, 267
Accidental carriers, 241 structures, 43
Acetic acid, 99 bacteria, carbon oxidation, 114 fermentation, 32
Acetobacter acidi oxalici, 83 xylinum, 83
Achorion schœnleinii, 27, 34
Acid, acetic, 99 fermentation, 32 agglutination, 266 amino, relation to green plants, 119 butyric, 99 fermentation, 32, 99 carbolic, first used, 29 disinfectant action of, 159 fast bacteria, fat content, 84 staining of, 209 fermentation, 93 Bulgarian fermented milk, 98 ensilage, 98 industrial uses, 97 lactic acid, 96 sauerkraut, 98 hydrochloric, 246 production of, 110 soils, 81
Acquired immunity, 251, 252
Actinomyces bovis, 30, 36
Actinomycosis, cause of, 30, 36 path of entrance of, 244
Actions, reducing, 113
Activating enzymes, 125
Active immunity, definition of, 251, 252 production of, 252
Activities of bacteria, importance of, 31 overproduction, of cells, 258 physiological, definition of, 87 in identification, 216
Acute coryza, 244 disease, 233
Adulteration of food, anaphylactic test in, 293 complement-fixation test in, 279 immunity reactions in, 255 precipitin test in, 269
Aërobes, facultative, 76 strict, 76
Aërobic, 76, 215
Agar, composition of, 179 gelatinizing temperature, 179 medium, preparation of, 179 melting point of, 179 plating in, 188 sterilization of, 180
Agent, chemical, for disinfection, 156–163 choice of, for disinfection, 164 physical, for disinfection, 131
Agglutinating group, 266
Agglutination, acid, 266 diagnostic value of, 266 in identification of bacteria, 266 macroscopic, 265 microscopic, 265 phenomenon, 265
Agglutinin, 265 absorption test for, 267 action of, 266 anti-, 270 antigenic action of, 270 bacterial, 265 chief, 267 co-, 267 function of, 266 normal, 266 partial, 267 relation to precipitins, 269 specificity of, 267 theory of formation, 265 use of, 266
Agglutinogen, 266
Agglutinoid, 270
Aggressins, 288
Air, bacteria in, 71 filtration of, 153 “germ-free,” 153
Albumin in bacteria, 84
Alcohol as antiseptic, 160 as disinfectant, 160
Alcoholase, 125
Alcoholic fermentation, 31, 100
Alexin, 271, 273
Algæ, relation to bacteria, 37
Alimentary tract as path of entrance, 246
Alkalies as disinfectants, 158
Allergic, 290
Amboceptor, 273 anti-, 275 co-, 274 in cobra, 275 formation of, 273 hemolytic, 278 partial, 274 in rattle snake, 275 specificity of, 274 theory of formation, 273
Amboceptorogen, 274
Amebic dysentery, 29, 35
Ameboid cells, 247 colonies, 224
Amino-acids, relation to green plants, 119
Ammonia, structural formula, 103
Ammoniacal fermentation, 32
Amœba coli, 29, 35
Amphitrichic, 46
Amylase, 124
Anaërobes, 76 cultivation, methods of, 188 principles underlying, 188 facultative, 76 isolation of, 190 relation to elements, 86 strict, 76
Anaërobic, 76, 215 acid, butyric, 99 acid fermentation, 98 bacteria, first discovered, 32 fermentation of polysaccharides, 95
Analysis of ash, 82 chemical, of tubercle bacilli, 85
Anaphylactic, anti-, 290 phenomena, 292 reaction, uses of, 293
Anaphylatoxin, 290
Anaphylaxis, 289 anti-, 292 antibodies in, 291 theory of, 290, 291, 292
Anaximander, 18
Anderson, 289
Anderson and McClintic, phenol coefficient, 165
Andry, 25, 33
Anilin dyes, as antiseptic, 162 as disinfectants, 162 introduction of, 30 as stains, 204 Weigert, 36 fuchsin, 205 gentian violet, 205 water, 205
Animal carriers, 239 inoculation, uses of, 227
Animalcules, 19, 33
Animals, disinfection of, 170 experimental, 227 food relationships of, 39
Ankylostoma duodenale, discovery of, 27, 34 Egyptian chlorosis, cause of, 28, 35 hookworm disease, cause of, 28
Anthrax, 17, 28, 35 bacterium a facultative saprophyte, 238 isolation of, 29 due to a bacterium, 29 in human beings, 238 path of entrance, 243 intestine, 246 stomach, 246 persistence due to spores, 251 produced by exhaustion, 251 protective inoculation in, 30 spores, 29, 35 transmission by flies, 242 vaccine, 254
Anti-agglutinins, 270 aggressins, 288 amboceptors, 275 antisera in snake poisoning, 275 anaphylactic, 290 anaphylaxis due to intracellular digestion, 292 protein immunity compared to, 292 bacterial immunity, 254, 255 bodies, 259 place of production, 295 tabulation of, 294 body, action, 260 chemical composition, 260 formation of, 128, 260 complement, 274 complementophil amboceptor, 275 cytophil amboceptor, 275 diphtheritic serum, 263 enzyme, 122, 262 function of, 262
Antigen, 259 chemical composition of, 260 in complement-fixation, 277 syphilitic, 277, 279 in Wassermann test, 279
Antigens, fats and fatty acids as, 260 in preparation of vaccine, 285 tabulation of, 294
Antipollenin, 263
Antiprecipitins, 270
Antisepsis, 131 Lister, introduced, 35 primitive, 25
Antiseptic, 131 action of anilin dyes, 162 carbolic acid as, 159 cold as, 148
Antisera in snake poisoning, 275
Antisnake venoms, 275
Antitetanic serum, 263
Antitoxic immunity, 254, 255
Antitoxin, 261 collection of, 263 diphtheria, 30, 252 preparation of, 263 standard, 264 tetanus, 252
Antitoxins, 261–264 as factors in immunity, 295 preservative in, 263 specific, 261
Antivenin, 263
Apes, 227
Apparatus of Barber, 196
Appearance of growth on culture media, 217
Appert, 20, 31, 34
Aqueous gentian violet, 205
Arborescent growth, 221
Aristotle, 18
Aromatic compounds, production of, 104, 111
Arrak, 100
Arsenate, reduction of, 114
Arsenite, oxidation of, 115
Arthus, 289 phenomenon, 289
Articles, unwashable, disinfection of, 169 washable, disinfection of, 169
Artificial immunity, 251, 252
Ase, termination of name of enzyme, 124
Asepsis, 131
Aseptic, 131
Ash, analysis of, 82
Asiatic cholera, 27, 34, 73, 238, 239, 246, 248, 249
Attenuated, 253
Autoclave, air pressure sterilizer, 138 pressure sterilizer, 138
Autogenous vaccines, 284 in epidemic, 241
Autoinfection, 234
Autolysis, 149 self-digestion, 126
Autotrophic, 86
Available nitrogen, loss of, 113
Azotobacter, 118
B
Babes-Ernst corpuscles, 45
Bacilli, butter, 209 colon, 248 grass, 209 size and shape of, 52 tubercle, chemical analysis of, 85
Bacillus, 52, 60, 62 anthracis, 17, 36 spore staining, 209
Bacillus of blue milk, 31 Ducrey’s, 245 subtilis, 77, 83 spore staining, 209
Bacteria, absorption of N by, 117 acid fast, 84, 209 adaptability, range of, 90 advantage of motility to, 45 aids in isolation of, 197 anaërobic, 32 cause of disease in animals, 30 of souring of milk, 32 cell groupings of, 55 chains of, 38 chemical composition of, 39, 81 elements in, 82 classed as fungi, 37 as plants, 33, 35 definition of, 40 development of, 90 distribution of, 71 energy relationships, 39 environmental conditions for growth, 72 first classification of, 34 drawings of, 20 seen, 19, 33 food relationships of, 39 injurious, 72 isolation of, 194 measurement of, 40, 203 metabolism of, 86 methods of study of, 171 morphology of, 41 motile, 45 nitric, 114 nitrous, 114 nucleus of, 42 occurrence, 71 pathogenic, outside the body, 237 phosphorescent, 111, 112 position of, 37 rate of division, 43 of motion, 45 relation to algæ, 33, 37 to elements, 86 to gas and oil, 95 to phosphate rock, 115 to protozoa, 40 to soil fertility, 120 to sulphur deposits, 116 to yeasts and torulæ, 37 reproduction of, 37, 55 root tubercle, 86, 87 size of, 37, 40 soil, chief function of, 119 source of N, 102 speed of, 45 spiral, 53 staining of, 204–212 sulphur, 63 thermophil, 75, 77 universal distribution of, 90 in vinegar-making, 99
Bacteriaceæ, 62, 66, 70
Bacterial agglutinin, 265 vaccines, 282 preparation of, 283, 284
Bacterin, 253
Bacteriocidin, 272
Bacteriological culture tubes, 184 examination, material for, 228 microscope, 200
Bacteriology, pathogenic, definition of, 231 reasons for study of, 217 as a science, 17, 32
Bacteriolysin, 272
Bacteriopurpurin, 62, 63, 112
Bacteriotropin, 281
Bacterium abortus, agglutinin of, 265 coli in autoinfection, 234 gas formation by, 95 oxygen limits for, 77 pneumonia through intestinal route, 246 in preparation of sugar broths, 176 definition of, 62, 67, 70 enteriditis, cause of food poisoning, 104 fluorescens, oxygen limits, 77 typhosum, 73 agglutinin, 265 in phenol coefficient method, 166 pneumonia through intestinal route, 246
Ballon pipette, 193
Balsam, mounting in, 207
Barber, 253 apparatus, 196
Barnyards, disinfection of, 167
Baskets, wire, 184
Bassi, 27 silkworm disease, 34
Bastian, 24
Baumgärtner, 256
Beaded growth, 221
Bed-bugs, 241
Beds, contact, 116 hot, 117
Beer, pasteurization of, 141, 144, 145
Beggiatoa, 63
Beggiatoaceæ, 63
Behring, 30
Belfanti, 271
Berg, 27, 34
Berkefeld filter, 154
Bichloride of mercury as disinfectant, 158
Bilharz, 28, 35
Bilharzia disease, 28, 35
Biochemical reactions, definition of, 87
Biological relationships, immunity reactions, 255, 270
Bipolar germination of spore, 48
Bismarck brown, 209, 212
Black-leg, 51, 73, 238, 243, 248, 251 vaccine, 254
Bleaching powder as disinfectant, 158
Blood, collection of, 228 cytolytic power of, 272 detection of, 269 serum, liquid, sterilization of, 182 Loeffler’s, 182 medium, preparation of, 182, 183 sterilization of, 182 vessels in dissemination of organisms, 247
Blue milk, bacterial cause of, 34 fermentation of, 31, 34
Boehm, 27, 34
Boiling as disinfectant, 133
Boils, 237, 240, 243
Bollinger, 29, 30, 35, 36
Bonnet, 20, 33
Bordet, 271
Botrytis bassiana, 27, 34
Bottles, staining of, 206
Bougies, 154
Bouillon, 173
Boyer, 260
Bread, salt rising, 95, 97
Bronchopneumonia, 233, 246
Broth, appearance of growth in, 218 extract of, 176 glycerine, 176 medium, 173 nitrate, 177 sterilization of, 174 sugar, 176
Brownian movement, 47, 203
Brushes, disinfection of, 169
Bubonic plague, 239
Buchner, 271
Budding of yeasts, 37
Bulgarian fermented milk, 98
Burning as disinfectant, 132
Burying as disinfectant, 154
Bütschli, 41, 43
Butter, 97 bacilli, staining of, 209 rancidity of, 101
Butyric acid fermentation, 32, 99
Buzzards, 241
C
Cabbage disease due to protozoa, 36
Cadaverin, 104
Caignard-Latour, 31, 34
Calcium hypochlorite as disinfectant, 158 oxide as disinfectant, 158
Candles, filter, 153, 154
Canned goods, food poisoning by, 104 spoilage of, 51
Canning, introduced, 21, 34 principles involved, 133
Capsule, 44, 45 of spore, 48 staining of, 210
Carbohydrates in bacterial cell, 84 fermentation of, 93–101
Carbol-fuchsin, 206
Carbolic acid as antiseptic, 159 as disinfectant, 159 first used, 29
Carbol-xylol, 209
Carbon cycle, 107 dioxide, 108 function of, in bacteria, 88, 101 oxidation of, 114 in proteins, liberation of, 105 source of, 88 uses of, 88, 101
Carboni, 271
Cardano, 18
Carrier problem, solution of, 240
Carriers, 239 accidental, 241 carrion eating animals as, 241 control of, 240 intermediate hosts as, 242 protective measures against, 242 universal, 240 of unknown organisms, 239
Cars, stock, disinfection of, 170
Catalase, 125
Catalytic agents, function of, 123
Catalyzer, 123
Cattle, 227
Causation of disease, 24, 128
Cell, constituents of, 84 contents of, 41, 83 forms of, 58, 59 staining for, 212 typical, 52 groupings, 55, 58, 59 staining for, 195 metabolism, 90 structures of, 41 wall, 41, 59 composition of, 83
Cells, chemical stimuli of, 257 overproduction activity of, 258 specific chemical stimuli of, 258
Cellular theory of immunity, 256, 280
Cellulose, definition of, 83 occurrence of, 83
Chain, 56
Channels of infection, 243 alimentary tract, 246 conjunctive, 244 external auditory meatus, 244 genitalia, 245 intestines, 246 lungs, 245 milk glands, 244 mouth cavity, 244 mucosæ, 244 nasal cavity, 244 pharynx, 245 skin, 243 stomach, 246 tonsils, 245
Chaos, 25
Characteristic groupings, 58
Characteristics of enzymes, 121 of toxins, 126
Charrin, 265
Chart, descriptive, 217
Chauveau, 256
Cheese, eyes in, 96 failures, 110 Limburger, 101 odor of, 99 poisoning, 104 ripening of, 35
Chemical composition of bacteria, 39, 81, 85 elements in bacteria, 82 disinfectants, action of, 156–163 stimuli, 257–260 theory, fundamentals of, 256
Chemotherapy, 249, 255
Chevreuil, 21, 27, 31, 34
Chicken cholera, 30 pox, 239, 246
Chief agglutinin, 267 cell, 267
Chitin, 72
Chlamydobacteriaceæ, 63
Chlamydothrix, 63
Chloride of lime as disinfectant, 158
Chlorine as disinfectant, 157
Chloroform as antiseptic, 162 as disinfectant, 162
Chlorophyl, 37, 112
Chlorosis, Egyptian, 27, 35
Cholera, Asiatic, carriers of, 239 organisms in, 27, 34 facultative saprophytes, 238 path of elimination of, 248 of entrance of, 246 relation to moisture, 73 specific location of, 249 hog, 242, 248, 252
Cholesterins as cell constituents, 84
Chromogenesis, 112
Chromoparic, 112
Chromophoric, 112
Chronic disease, 232
Chronological table, 33–36
Chymosin, 124
Circulation of carbon, 107 of nitrogen, 107 of phosphorus, 107 of sulphur, 108
Classification, advantage of, 59 early, 33, 35, 59 Migula’s, 62–63 S. A. B., 63–70
Cleaning of slides, 207
Clearing of sections, 209
Closed space disinfection, 161
Clostridium, 49 botulinum, 87, 104, 128, 238, 261 pasteurianum, 118 tetani, 128, 209, 233, 261, 263
Clothing, disinfection of, 170
Coagglutinins, 267
Coagulases, 124
Coagulating enzymes, 124
Coagulation temperature of proteins, 51
Coal, spontaneous heating of, 88
Coamboceptors, 274
Cobra, 275
Coccaceæ, 62, 66, 68
Coccus, appearance of, on dividing, 57 cell form of, 52 groupings of, 52, 56, 57 division of, 52
Coenzymes, 122
Cohn, 28, 33, 35, 59
Cold as antiseptic, 148 incubator, 215 storage, 148
Colds, due to universal carriers, 240 path of entrance of, 244 vaccines in, 241
Colonies, characteristics of plate, 223–226 definition of, 173
Color production, 112
Colorimetric method of standardization, 175
Combustion, spontaneous, 116
Commensal, 87
Commercial preparation of lactic acid, 99 products, why keep, 131 vaccines, 285
Communicable disease, 232
Complement, 273 deviation test, 277 effect of temperature on, 274 fixation test, 276–279 lecithin as, 274 relation to toxins and enzymes, 273 source of, 277
Complementoid, 274
Complementophil haptophore, 273
Complements, nature of, 274
Composition, chemical, 81–85 related to fungi, 39 relation to food, 81
Concentration of antitoxin, 264
Condenser, 200
Conditions for growth, general, 72 maximum, 72 minimum, 72 optimum, 72 spore formation, 51
Congenital immunity, 251, 252
Conjunctiva as path of entrance, 244
Constant temperature apparatus, 213
Contact beds, 116
Contagion, direct and indirect, 34
Contagious abortion, agglutination test, 268 complement-fixation text, 277 path of elimination, 248 of entrance, 245
Contagium, definition of, 232 vivum theory, 25, 28, 33
Contamination of food by carriers, 241
Continuous pasteurization, 141
Contrast stains, 205
Convalescents, control of, 239–240
Cornalia, 29
Corpuscles, Babes-Ernst, 45 red, in complement-fixation test, 278, 279 malaria, etc., in, 249
Corrosive sublimate as disinfectant, 158
Corynebacterium diphtheriæ, 64, 69, 128, 233, 234, 261, 263
Coryza, acute, 244
Cotton plugs, 21, 184
Coughing, 248
Crateriform liquefaction, 221
Cream ripening, 97
Creite, 271
Crenothrix, 61
Creolin as disinfectant, 160
Cresols as disinfectants, 159
Culture, definition of, 171 medium, definition of, 171 essentials of, 172 inoculation of, 186, 192 kinds of, 172 liquid, 172, 173 methods of using, 184 optimum moisture for, 73 plating of, 188 reaction of, 81, 216 selective, 198, 199 solid, 172, 173 standardization of, 174, 175 synthetic, 183 titration of, 174 use of, 173 tubes, description of, 184
Cultures, anaërobic, 188–192 from internal organs, 229 mass, 188 plate, 188 potato, 186 puncture, 185 pure, definition of, 171 isolation of, 194–199 slant, 186 slope, 186 stab, 185
Curled edge, 225
Cutaneous inoculation, 228
Cycle, carbon, 107 nitrogen, 107 phosphorus, 107 sulphur, 108
Cystitis, 234
Cytolysin, 272
Cytolysins, 271–279
Cytolytic, 272 power of blood, 272 serums, failure of, 275 substances in immunity, 295
Cytophil group, 273
Cytoplasm, 41
Cytotoxic, 272
D
Dallera, 289
Dark field illumination, 204
Davaine, 28, 35
Death-point, thermal, 75 determination of, 215
Decomposition, how caused, 108 importance of, 108 of urea, 106
Deep culture tubes, 190–191
Degeneration forms, 54
Delousing method in typhus, 242
De Martin, 35
Denitrification, 114
Deodorant, 131
Descriptive chart, 217
Diagnosis, agglutination test in, 265–267 anaphylaxis in, 292 complement-fixation test in, 277 immunity reactions in, 255 material for bacteriological, 228–229 precipitin test in, 269
Diastase, 124
Diffusion of food through cell wall, 41
Digestion of proteins, 102
Dilution method of isolation, 194 plates, 194, 195
Dimethylamine, structural formula, 103
Diphtheria antitoxin, 30, 263, 264 bacilli, granules in, 45 involution forms, 54 carriers, 239 location of, 245, 249 path of entrance, 245 toxin, M. L. D., 264
Diplobacillus, 55
Diplococcus, 56
Diplococcus, 66, 69
Diplospirillum, 55
Discharges, 228 intestinal, 248 nasal, 248 urethral, 248 vaginal, 248
Discontinuous sterilization, 133
Disease, acute, 233 of animals to man, 232 Bilharzia, 28, 35 cabbage, 30, 35 causation of, 24, 128 communicable, 232 contagious, 34, 232 of flies, 28, 35 germ, 25, 27, 33 hookworm, 28, 35 infectious, 232, 240 Johne’s, 246, 248 non-specific, 233 protozoal, eradication, 242 transmission, 242 silkworm, 27, 29, 34, 35 skin, 243 specific, 27, 30, 233 transmission of, 26, 232
Dishes, Petri, 181
Disinfectant, 131 action of anilin dyes, 162 closed space, 161 dry heat as, 133 moist heat as, 132, 133 standardization of, 165 steam as, 132, 133
Disinfectants, chemical, action of, 156–163 first experiment in, 21 factors affecting, 164–165
Disinfection, agents in, 131–163 by boiling, 132, 133 by burning, 132 by burying, 154 definition of, 130 first chemical, 34 hot air, 21, 133 physical agents, 131–155 practical, 166–170 precautions in, 170 puerperal fever, 28, 34 steam, 134–138 surgeon’s hands, 28
Dissemination of organisms, 247
Distaso, 42, 43
Distilling sour mash, 98
Division, planes of, 55–58 rate of, 43, 91
Dobell, 43
Dorset, 84
Dosage of vaccines, 286
Dose, minimum lethal, 264 standard test, 264
Douglas, 42, 43, 280
Dourine, 245, 248
Drumstick spore, 49
Dry heat, 21, 133
Drying, 131, 132
Dubini, 27, 34
Ducrey’s bacillus, 245
Dunham’s peptone, 177
Durham, 265
Dyes, anilin, as antiseptics, 162 introduction of, 30 as stains, 204
Dysenteries, 242, 246, 248, 249
Dysentery, amebic, 29, 35 tropical, 29
E
Ectoplasm, 41
Edema, malignant, 237, 243
Edge of colony, 225
Effuse colony, 224
Egg sensitization, 292
Ehrenberg, 33, 34
Ehrlich, 256, 276
Ehrlich’s theory, 256–260
Eichstedt, 28, 34
Electric milk purifier, 152
Electricity, 79, 150
Elements in bacteria, 82, 86, 88, 89
Elimination of organisms, 248
Empusa muscæ, 28, 29, 35
Emulsin, 122
Endo-enzymes, 126
Endogenous infection, 235
Endoplasm, 41
Endotoxins, 128, 276
Energy relationships, 39 transformations, 86–90
Ensilage, 98
Enteritis, 233
Entire edge, 225
Entrance of organisms, 243–246, 247
Environmental conditions, 72, 130, 213
Enzymes, 84, 121–126 in anaphylaxis, 291 in immunity, 295
Enzymoid, 262
Epidemics, 241
Epitheliolysin, 272
Eosin, 204
Equatorial spore, 49 germination of, 48, 49
Eradication of disease, 236, 242
Erysipelas, hog, 248
Erythrobacillus prodigiosus, 66, 68, 70, 77, 113
Essential structures, 41
Essentials of a culture medium, 172
Esters, 84, 110
Ether as disinfectant, 162
Eubacteria, 62
Exanthemata, 248
Exhaustion factor in immunity, 251 theory of immunity 256
Existence, conditions for, 72
Exo-enzymes, 126
Exogenous infection, 235
Exotoxins, 128
Experiment, Pasteur’s, 21 Schroeder and Dusch’s, 22 Schultze’s, 21 Schwann’s, 22 Tyndall’s, 24
Experimental animals, 227
External auditory meatus, 244 genitalia, 245
Extracellular enzymes, 126
Extract broth, 176
Eyes in cheese, 96, 97
F
Factors affecting disinfectants, 164, 165 immunity, 250, 251 in immunity to disease, 295
Facultative, 215 aërobes, 76 anaërobes, 76, 192 parasites, 87 saprophytes, 238
Failure of cytolytic serums, 275 of vaccines, 286
Fat colors, 112 splitting enzymes, 124
Father of bacteriology, 19 of microscope, 19
Fats as antigens, 260 occurrence of, 84 rancidity of, 101 in sewage disposal, 101 splitting of, 101
Favus, 27, 34, 243
Feces, bacteria in, 72
Feeding, as inoculating method, 228
Feinberg, 43
Ferment, organized, 126 unorganized, 126
Fermentation, 31, 93 acid, 93, 96 acetic, 32, 99 butyric, 32, 99 alcoholic, 31, 34, 100 ammoniacal, 32 bacterial, 32 blue milk, 31, 34 of carbohydrates, 93–101 definition of, 93 gaseous, 93, 94, 96 tubes, 184, 190 yeast, 34, 99
Fermented milk, Bulgarian, 98
Fever, due to invisible organisms, 25 Malta, 268 recurrent, 29, 35 Rocky Mountain spotted, 242 scarlet, 246, 248 Texas, 232, 233, 242 typhoid, 232, 248 typhus, 242 yellow, 242
Fibrin ferment, 124
Filament, 56
Filiform growth, 221
Film, fixing of, 207 preparation of, 207
Filter, Berkefeld, 154 candles, 153–154 Mandler, 154 Pasteur-Chamberland, 154 sprinkling, 115, 116
Filterable virus, 234
Filtration, 152–154
First order, receptors of, 261, 262
Fischer, 42, 45
Fixation test, complement, 276
Fixed virus, 253
Fixing of film, 207
Flagella, 45–47 staining of, 210
Flash process of pasteurization, 145
Fleas, 241
Flexner, 276
Flies, 28, 35, 241
Flügge, 271
Fodor, von, 271
Food adulteration, complement-fixation test in, 279 immunity reactions in, 255 precipitin test in, 269
Food contamination by carriers, 241 poisoning, 87, 104, 238 requirement compared with man, 92 uses of, 86
Foot-and-mouth disease, 244, 248
Forage poisoning, 87
Foreign body245
Formaldehyde as disinfectant, 160
Formalin, 160
Formol, 160
Forms, cell, 52–54 degeneration, 54 growth, 55 involution, 54 study of, 32–34
Fox fire, 111
Foxes, 241
Fracastorius, 25, 33
Free acid, 175 receptors, 259 spores, 48
Fruiting organs, 37
Fuchs, 31, 34
Fuchsin, 205 anilin, 205 carbol, 206
Fungi, bacteria as, 37
Funnel-shaped liquefaction, 221
G
Gabbet’s blue, 206 method of staining, 209
Gall-bladder, 248
Galvanotaxis, 79
Gas formation in cheese, 96, 97 natural, 95 production of, 110
Gaseous fermentation, 93–95
Gaspard, 26, 34
Gelatin, advantage of, 178 composition of, 179 cultures, first used, 30, 36 liquefaction of, 103 medium, 177 plating of, 188 standardization of, 178 sterilization of, 178
Gemmation, 37
General conditions for growth, 72 infections, vaccines in, 286
Generation, spontaneous, 17–24
Generic names introduced, 33
Genitals, 245
Gentian violet, selective action of, 162 stain, 205
Germ, free air, 153 theory of disease, 25
German measles, 233
Germination of spore, 48
Germs, 33 in air, 24, 35
Gescheidel, 271
Giemsa stain, 43
Glanders, 26, 233, 238, 244, 248, 249, 268, 277
Glands, mammary, 248 salivary, 248
Gleichen, 32
Globulin in bacteria, 84
Glycerine broth, 176
Glycerinized potato, 172
Glycogen as cell constituent, 84
Goats, 227
Gonidia, 63
Gonococcus, 245
Gonorrhea, 248, 249
Good health, 296
Grain rust, 26, 34
Gram positive organisms, 162, 208 negative organisms, 162, 208
Gram’s method of staining, 208 solution, 208
Granular edge, 225
Granules, metachromatic, 212 Neisser’s, 45 polar, 45
Granulose in bacteria, 84
Grape juice, pasteurization of, 141
Grass bacilli, 209
Green plants, N nutrition of, 118
Griesinger, 27, 28, 35
Group, agglutinating, 266 haptophore, 261, 262, 266, 270, 273 precipitating, 270 toxophore, 261, 262 zymophore, 262, 270, 273
Groupings, cell, 55–58
Growth, appearance in media, 217
Gruber, 265, 268
Gruby, 28, 34
Gum-like substance in bacteria, 83
H
Haeckel, 280
Hanging drop slide, 203
Haptophore, complementophil, 273 cytophil, 273 group, 261, 262, 266, 270, 273
Harness, disinfection of, 169
Hay fever, 263, 292
Health, 296
Heat as disinfectant, 132–144 due to oxidation, 112 production of, 116
Heated serum, 271, 277, 278, 279
Heating of manure, 116
Hellmich, 84
Helmont, Van, 18
Hemagglutinin, 265
Hemicellulose, 83
Hemolysin, 272
Hemolytic amboceptor, 278
Hemorrhagic septicemia, 246
Henle, 27, 34, 233
Hericourt, 289
Herpes tonsurans, 28, 34
Hesseling, von, 32
Heterologous sera, 276
Heterotrophic, 86
Hill, 33
Hilton, 27
Hoffman, 24
Hog cholera, 231, 242, 248, 252, 253 erysipelas, 248
Holders, 143
Holmes, 28, 34
Homologous sera, 276
Hookworm disease, 28, 34
Horses, 227, 263
Host, 87
Hot beds, 117
Hunger in immunity, 251
Hydrochloric acid, 246
Hydrogen, function of, 98 ion concentration standardization, 175, 176 oxidation114 peroxide, 162 sulphide, 115
Hydrophobia, 249
Hydrostatic pressure, 79
Hygienic laboratory, 165
Hypochlorites, 157, 158
I
Ice cream poisoning, 104
Identification of bacteria, 216, 217 in blood, 269 in meat, 269 in milk, 269
Immersion oil, 201
Immunity, 236, 250–296 acquired, 251, 252 active, 251, 252–255 antibacterial, 254, 255 antitoxic, 254, 255 artificial, 251, 252 classification of, 251 congenital, 251 factors in, 295 modifying, 250 inherited, 251, 252 natural, 295 passive, 251, 252, 253 to protein, 290 reactions, value, 255 relative, 250 summary of, 295 theories of, 256
Inactivate, 272
Incubation period, 26, 232
Incubator, 213 cold, 215 room, 213
Index, chronological, 31 opsonic, 281 phagocytic, 281
Indicator, 278
Indol, 104
Infection, 232 auto, 234 channels of, 243 endogenous, 235 exogenous, 235 mixed, 234 primary, 234 secondary, 234 wound, 17, 25, 26, 27, 30, 34, 36, 233, 234, 240, 243, 248
Infectious diseases, 232 control of, 240
Infective organisms, specificity of location, 249
Infestation, 232
Infested, 232
Influenza, 239, 241, 246
Infusoria, 33
Inhalation, 228
Inherited immunity, 251, 252
Inoculation of animals, 227 uses of, 227 of cultures, 186, 188 definition of, 192 methods of, 227 needles, 192
Inoculations, first protective, 30 of smallpox, 24
Insects, 241, 242
Instruments, sterilization, 136, 167
Intracardiac, 228
Intracellular enzyme, 166
Invasion, 232
Invertase, 124
Involution forms, 53, 212
Iodine, 157
Iron bacteria, 86 function of, 89
Irregular forms, 53
Isolation of anaërobes, 190 of pure cultures, aids in, 197–199 methods, 194–196
Itch mite, 27, 34
J
Jablot, 32
Jack-o-lantern, 105
Jar, Novy, 192
Jenner, 26, 34, 253
Johne’s disease, 248
K
Kette, 32, 35
Kidneys, 248
Kinase, 125
Kircher, 18, 25, 33
Klebs, 29, 35
Klencke, 28, 34
Koch, 17, 27, 29, 30, 33, 36
Koch’s postulates, 233
Kraus, 268
Kruse, 254
Küchenmeister, 28, 35
L
Lab, 124
Lachrymal canal, 244
Lactacidase, 125
Lactic acid bacteria, 97 fermentation, 96–99
Lancisi, 25, 33
Landois, 271
Latour, 31, 34
Laveran, 25, 30
Lecithin as antigen, 279 as cell constituent, 84 as complement, 274
Leeuwenhoek, 19, 32, 33
Legumes, 118
Leidy, 27, 33, 34, 35
Le Moignac, 284
Leprosy, 233, 244, 249
Lesser, 32
Lethal dose, 264
Leukocytes, washing of, 281
Lice as carriers, 241
Liebert, 28, 34
Light, action on bacteria, 75 as disinfectant, 148 production of, 111
Linnæus, 25
Lipase, 124
Lipochromes, 113
Lipoids as antigen, 274
Lipovaccines, 284
Liquefaction of gelatin, 221 of protein, 103
Liquid blood serum, 182 manure, disinfection of, 169 media, 172
Liquids, sterilization of, 153
Lister, 29, 30, 35
Litmus milk, 177
Living bacteria, examination of, 201 cause theory, 28, 33
Localized infections, vaccines in, 286
Location of organisms, specificity of, 249
Lockjaw, 231, 233
Loeffler’s blood serum, 182 blue, 206
Loop needles, 193
Lophotrichic, 46
Lösch, 29, 35
Lungs, 245, 249
Lye washes as disinfectants, 159
Lymph channels in dissemination, 247
Lysol as disinfectant, 160
M
McClintock, 165
McCoy, 160
Macrococcus, 52
Macroscopic agglutination, 265
Malaria, 25, 30, 32, 242
Malarial parasite, 30, 249
Malignant edema, 237, 243
Mallease reaction, 269
Mallein test, 292
Malta fever, 268
Mammary glands, 248
Mandler filter, 154
Manure, liquid, disinfection of, 169 heating of, 40
Margaropus annulatus, 242
Martin, 32
Mass cultures, 188
Massart, 42
Maximum conditions, 72, 73, 74, 76
Measles, 246, 248, 250 German, 233, 239
Measly pork, 28
Measurement of bacteria, 203 special unit of, 40
Meat broth, 173 identification of, 269 juice, 173 poisoning, 104
Mechanical vibration, 80
Medico-legal examination, 269, 279, 293
Medium. See Culture medium
Meningitis, 239, 244
Meningococcus, 244
Mercuric chloride, 158
Merismopedia, 57
Metabiosis, 103
Metabolism, 86–91
Metachromatic granules, 44, 45, 59, 212
Metastases, 235
Metatrophic, 86
Metchnikoff, 256, 280
Methods of inoculation of animals, 227 of cultures, 186–188 of obtaining pure cultures, 194
Methylamine, 103
Methylene blue, 205, 206
Mice, white, 227
Microbiology, 231
Micrococcus, 52, 60, 62, 66, 68, 69, 245
Micrometer, 203
Micromillimeter, 40
Micron, 40
Microörganisms, 32
Microscope, improvements in, 30, 36 invention, 19 Leeuwenhoek’s, 19 use of, 200
Microspira,61, 63
Microsporon, 28, 34
Middle ear, 241
Migula’s classification, 62
Milk, blue, 31, 34 Bulgarian, 98 digestion of, 102 flavors in, 110 glands, 244 identification of, 269 litmus, 177 pasteurization of, 141, 144–147 as path of elimination, 248 preparation of, 177 purifier, electric, 152 souring of, 32 sterilization of, 177 tuberculous, 248
Minimum conditions, 72, 73, 74, 77 lethal dose, 264
Mirror, use of, 200
Mixed infection, 234 vaccine, 285
Mixotrophic, 86
M. L. D., 264
Mohler, 167
Moist heat, 133
Moisture, 73
Mold colonies, 226
Molds in alcoholic fermentation, 100 in relation to bacteria, 37, 39
Molecular respiration, 88, 89
Monas, 33
Monkeys, 227
Monotrichic, 45
Montague, 24
Mordants, 204, 211
Morphology, 41–58 in identification, 171, 212
Mosquitoes and malaria, 25, 242
Motile bacteria, 45
Motion of bacteria, 47 Brownian, 47, 203
Mounting in balsam, 207
Mouth cavity, 244
Mu, 40
Mucosæ as channels of infection, 244
Müller, 33, 34, 59
Mumps, 239
Municipal disinfection, 170
Müntz, 32, 35
Muscardine, 34
Mycelia, 39, 226
Mycobacteriaceæ, 64
Mycobacterium, 64, 69 of Johne’s disease, 209 lepræ, 209 smegmatis, 209 tuberculosis, 83, 176, 209
Mycoproteid, 83
Mycorrhiza, 119
Myxomycetes, 38
N
Nägeli, 29, 35
Nasal cavity, 244 discharges, 248
Natural gas, 95 immunity, 251, 252, 296
Needham, 20, 33
Needles, inoculation, 192
Negative complement-fixation test, 278 phase, 287
Neisser’s granules, 45 stain, 212
Nencki, 83
Nephrolysin, 272
Neufeld, 281
Neurin, 104
Neurotoxin, 272
Neuvel, 43
Nichrome wire, 193
Nitrate broth, 177
Nitrates in soil, 115
Nitric bacteria, 114
Nitrification, 32, 35
Nitrite, oxidation of, 114
Nitrogen, absorption of, 117 in bacterial cell, 89 circulation, 109 cycle, 107 fertilizers, 120 liberation, 104 nutrition of green plants, 118 use of, 103
Nitrous bacteria, 114
Non-pathogenic, 87
Non-specific disease, 233
Normal agglutinins, 266 serum, 272
Nosema bombycis, 29, 35
Novy, 183 jar, 192
Noxious retention theory, 255
Nuclein, 42, 43
Nucleoprotein, 43
Nucleus, 42, 43
Nutrition of green plants, 118
Nuttal, 271
O
Obermeier, 29, 35
Objective, oil immersion, 200, 201
Oblique germination of spore, 48
Occurrence of bacteria, 71
Official classification, 59
Oidium albicans, 27, 34
Oil bath, 167 essential for clearing, 209 immersion objective, 200, 201 relation of bacteria to, 116
Omodei, 27
Opsonic index, 281, 282, 287 method, 282 power, 287
Opsonin, 281
Opsonins, 281, 282, 295
Optimum conditions, 72, 73, 74
Order, receptors of first, 261–264 of second, 265–270, 281 of third, 271–279
Organic acids, 84, 110 catalyzers, 123
Organisms, dissemination of, in body, 247 filterable, 234 pathogenic, elimination of, 248 entrance of, 243–246, 247 specific relation to tissue, 249 ultramicroscopic, 234
Organized ferments, 126
Osmotic pressure, 78, 149, 216
Otitis media, 244
Otto, 289
Overproduction theory, 257, 258
Owen, 27, 34
Oxidation, 114, 115
Oxidizing enzymes, 125
Oxygen, compressed, 77 as disinfectant, 156 function of, 88 nascent, 77 relationships, 215, 220 requirement, 88 source, 76, 77
Oyster sensitization, 292
Oznam, 26
Ozone, 77, 150, 157
P
Pancreas, 248
Papillate, 221
Paget, 27, 34
Paraffin oil, 190
Parasite, 87 facultative, 87 strict, 87
Parodko, 77
Partial agglutinin, 267 amboceptor, 274
Passive immunity, 251, 252
Pasteur, 17, 21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 253, 256, 283 flask, 21, 23, 24, 193 treatment of rabies, 253
Pasteur-Chamberland filter, 154
Pasteurization, 139–147 continuous, 141 flash process, 145
Pathogenic, 87 bacteria, definition of, 231 outside the body, 237 bacteriology, scope of, 235 organisms, destroyed by boiling, 133 elimination of, 248 entrance of, 243–247
Paths of elimination, 248 of entrance, 243–247
Peacock, 26
Pebrine, 29, 35
Pedesis, 47
Peptone solution, Dunham’s, 177
Period of incubation, 26, 232
Peritonitis, 234
Peritrichic, 46
Peronospora infestans, 28, 34
Perty, 33, 35
Pet animals, 241
Petri dishes, 181, 188
Petroleum, 95
Pfeiffer, 271
Pfeiffer’s phenomenon, 271
Pfeifferella mallei, 65, 69, 265
Phagocytes, 247
Phagocytic index, 281
Phagocytosis, 243, 280–288, 295 theory, 256
Pharynx, 245
Phase, negative, 287 positive, 287
Phenol coefficient, 165, 166 as disinfectant, 159 production of, 104, 111
Phenolphthalein, 174
Phenomenon, anaphylactic, 292 Arthus’, 289 Pfeiffer’s, 271
Phosphate reduction, 114 rock, 115
Phosphorescence, 111
Phosphorus cycle, 108 in proteins, 105 uses of, 89
Photogenesis, 111
Physical agents for disinfection, 131–155
Physiological activities, 93–129 definition of, 87 in identification, 216
Physiology of bacteria, 71–171
Phytotoxins, 127, 128
Pickling, 98
Pigeons, 227
Pigments, 84, 112, 113
Pimples, 234, 240, 243
Pinoy, 284
Pipettes for inoculation, 193
Piroplasma bigeminum, 233, 242, 249
Piroplasmoses, 242, 249
Pirquet, von, 289
Pityriasis versicolor, 28, 34
Plague, 246
Planes of division, 56, 57
Planococcus, 62
Planosarcina, 62
Plants and animals, 39
Plasmodiophora brassicæ,30, 36
Plasmolysis, 41, 42, 78
Plasmoptysis, 42, 78
Plate colonies, study of, 224–226 cultures, 180, 188, 191
Plates, dilution, 194, 195 gelatin first used, 30, 36
Platinum needles, 193
Plectridium, 49
Plenciz, 26, 31
Plugs, cotton, 21, 184
Pneumococcus, 240, 245
Pneumonia, 240, 245, 246, 248 vaccination against, 241
Poisoning, cheese, 104 food, 87, 104, 238 ice cream, 104 meat, 104
Polar germination, 48, 49 granules, 45
Poliomyelitis, 244
Pollender, 28, 35
Polysaccharides, fermentation of, 95
Polyvalent vaccine, 285
Pork, measly, 28
Position of bacteria, 37 of flagella, 45, 46 of spore, 49
Positive phase, 287 test, 278
Postulates, Koch’s, 233
Potato, acidity of, 182 glycerinized, 182 media, 180–182 rot, 28, 34
Power, opsonic, 287
Practical sterilization and disinfection, 166–170
Pragmidiothrix, 63
Precipitinogen, 269
Precipitinoid, 270
Precipitins, 268–270 anti-, 270
Preparation of antitoxin, 263 of bacterial vaccines, 283, 284 of film, 207
Preservation of slides, 207, 208
Preservative, alcohol as, 160 in vaccine, 284
Pressure, hydrostatic, 79 osmotic, 78, 149 oxygen, 76, 77 steam, 136 sterilization, 136–139
Prevention of disease, 235, 236, 253, 255, 283
Preventive vaccination, colds, 241 pneumonia, 241 rabies, 253 smallpox, 26, 34, 253 vaccines, autogenous, 285 stock, 285
Prevost, 26
Primary infection, 234
Process kettle, 137
Pro-enzyme, 121
Prophylaxis, 289
Protamine in bacteria, 84
Protease, 124
Protective inoculation, first, 30
Protein in bacteria, 84 coagulation temperature, 51 composition of, 102 decomposition of, 105 differentiation of, 255 foreign, 289 identification of, 293 immunity, 290 putrefaction of, 102–109 split products of, 291 splitting of, 106 structure of, 291 synthesis of, 113
Proteus vulgaris, 67, 70, 77
Protoautotrophic, 115
Protoplasm, 41, 59
Prototrophic, 86
Protozoa, cause of disease, 30 cell wall in, 41 in intermediate hosts, 242 relation to bacteria, 40 specificity of localization, 249
Protozoal diseases, transmission of, 242
Pseudomonadaceæ, 65, 70
Pseudomonas pyocyanea, 62, 65, 70, 128, 265
Ptomaines, 103, 104
Puccinia graminis, 26, 34
Puerperal fever, 28, 34
Punctiform colonies, 223
Puncture cultures, 185
Pure culture, 171, 194–199
Purification of streams, 73 of water, 150
Purin bases in bacteria, 84
Pus cocci, 73 infectious, 26 organisms in, 35
Putrefaction, 27, 31, 33 definition of, 102 of proteins, 102–109 end products of, 103 in soil, 106
Putrescin, 104
Q
Quarantine, 239 disinfection, 170
Quicklime as a disinfectant, 155, 158
Quinsy, 245
R
Rabbits, 227
Rabies, bacteriological examination in, 229 Pasteur treatment of, 253 path of elimination in, 248 transmission of, 239 specificity of localization in, 249
Räbiger’s method of staining, 210
Radiations, 79
Radium, 79
Rancidity of butter, 101
Rashes, serum, 289 urticarial, 292
Rate of division, 43, 91 of movement, 45
Rats, 227, 241
Rayer, 28, 35
Reaction of medium, 81, 174, 175, 216
Reactions, biochemical, 87 immunity, 255, 269, 279, 292, 293 surface, 91
Reaumur, 33
Receptors, 257, 258, 259, 261–280 as factors in immunity, 295 of first order, 262 free, 259, 261, 262 of second order, 265 tabulation of, 294 of third order, 273
Recurrent fever, 29, 35
Red corpuscles, 249, 278, 279
Redi, 19
Reducing actions, 112, 113 enzymes, 125
Refrigeration as antiseptic, 148
Reinke, 80
Relapses, 235
Relationships of bacteria, 37–40 biological, 255, 270
Rennet, 124
Renucci, 27, 34
Reproduction, 37, 63, 90
Resistance to disease, 241, 250 of spores, 50
Respiratory function, 88 tract, 246
Retarders, 143
Rheumatism, 245
Rhizobium leguminosarum, 65, 68, 69, 118
Rhizoid colonies, 222, 223
Rhizopus nigricans, 226
Rhodobacteriaceæ, 63
Rhodococcus, 66, 69
Richet, 289
Ricin, 262
Rideal, 165
Rideal-Walker method, 165
Rimpau, 281
Rindfleisch, 29, 35
Ringworm, 28
Ripening of cheese, 32 of cream, 97
Robin, 262
Rock, phosphate, 115
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 242
Rogers, 265
Röntgen rays, 79
Room temperature, 213
Rooms, disinfection of, 167 incubator, 213
Root tubercle bacteria, 86, 87, 108 tubercles, 117
Rosenau, 289
Rot, potato, 28, 34
Round worm, 232
Roup, 244
Roux, 30
Rubbing as inoculation, 195
Rust, grain, 26, 34
Ruzicka, 42
S
Saccate liquefaction, 222
Safranin, 205
Saliva, 248
Salivary glands, 248
Sake, 100
Salt-rising bread, 95
Saprogenic, 102
Saprophilic, 103
Saprophyte, 87, 238
Sarcina, 57, 58, 60, 66, 68, 69 lutea, 77 ventriculi, 83
Sarcoptes scabiei, 27, 34
Sauerkraut, 98
Scarlet fever, 246, 248, 250
Scavengers, bacteria as, 108
Schick, 289
Schistosomum hematobium, 28, 35
Schlösing, 32, 35
Schönlein, 27, 34
Schroeder and Dusch, 21
Schultze, 21, 34
Schwann, 21, 31, 34
Sea, bacteria in, 71, 111
Sealing air-tight, 20
Secondary infection, 234
Sections, staining of, 209
Selective media, 198, 199
Self-limited, 233
Semmelweiss, 28, 35
Sensitization, 290
Sensitized animal, 290 bacteria, 254 vaccine, 254
Septicemias, hemorrhagic, 246
Sero-bacterins, 254
Serum, antidiphtheritic, 263 antitetanic, 263 heated, 271, 277, 279 rashes, 289 sickness, 289, 292 simultaneous method, 253 therapy, 253
Serums, cytolytic, failure of, 275
Sewage disposal, 101, 116 sulphate, reduction in, 114
Shape of spore, 48
Sickness, serum, 289, 292
Side-chain theory, 256, 258
Silkworm disease, 27, 29, 34, 35
Size of bacteria, 37, 40
Skatol, 104
Skin, channel of infection, 243 diseases, 243 glanders, 248 lesions, 228 pocket, 227
Slant cultures, 186
Slide, cleaning of, 207 hanging drop, 203 staining on, 207
Slope cultures, 186
Sludge tanks, 116
Small intestine, 249
Smallpox, 24, 26, 34, 239, 246, 248 babies, 252 vaccines, 253
Smith, 289 tubes, 184
Snake poisons, 263, 275 venoms, 128
Sneezing, 248
Soap, 160 medicated, 160
Society of American Bacteriologists, classification, 63 descriptive chart, 217 key, 68
Sodium hypochlorite, 158
Soil, acid, 81 bacteria, 119 bacteriology, 35 enrichment, 117 fertility, 120 organisms, 74
Solid media, 172, 173
Solution, Gram’s, 208 stock, 205
Sore throat, 240, 241
Sound, 80
Sour mash, 98
Source of complement, 277
Souring, 98
Spallanzani, 20, 31, 34
Species determination, 59, 60
Specific amboceptor, 274, 278, 279 antibody, 291 chemical stimuli, 257, 258, 259 disease, 27, 30, 233
Specificity of agglutinins, 267 of amboceptor, 274 of location, 249 of opsonins, 281
Spermotoxin, 272
Spherical form, 52
Spherotilus, 63
Spirillaceæ, 63, 65
Spirilloses, 241, 242
Spirillum, 53, 54, 55, 61, 63, 66, 68, 69 rubrum, 113
Spirochæta, 61 obermeieri, 29, 35
Spirochetes, 53, 242
Spirosoma, 63
Splenic fever, 28
Split products of proteins, 291
Splitting enzymes, 124 of fats, 101
Spoilage of canned goods, 51, 78
Spoiling of food, 91
Spontaneous combustion, 105, 116 generation, 17–24, 33, 34 outbreaks of disease, 239
Sporangia, 226
Spore, 47–51 anthrax, 29, 35 capsule, 48 germination, 48
Spores, cause spoiling of canned goods, 51 destroyed by boiling, 133 first recognized, 33, 35 light on, 75 in pasteurization, 146 resistance of, 50, 51 staining of, 209 two in bacterium, 50
Sprinkling filters, 116
Stab cultures, 185
Stables, disinfection of, 167
Stain, anilin fuchsin, 205 gentian violet, 205 aqueous gentian violet, 205 Bismarck brown, 212 carbol fuchsin, 206 contrast, 205 Gabbet’s blue, 206 Loeffler’s blue, 206 Neisser’s, 212
Staining, 204–212 acid-fast bacteria, 209 bottles, 206 capsules, 210 cell forms, 212 groupings, 212 flagella, 210 Gabbet’s method, 209 Gram’s method, 208 metachromatic granules, 212 Neisser’s method, 212 Räbiger’s method, 210 reasons for, 204 sections, 209 spores, 209 Welch’s method, 210 Ziehl-Neelson, 210
Standard antitoxin, 264 methods, 217 test dose, 264 toxin, 264
Standardization, colorimetric method, 175 of culture media, 174 of disinfectants, 165 H-ion method, 175 of vaccines, 284
Staphylococcus, 57, 58
Staphylococcus, 66, 68, 69
Starin, 196
Steam at air pressure, 134 sterilizers, 135 streaming, 135 under pressure, 136
Stegomyia, 242
Sterile, 131
Sterilization, 130 in canning, 133 discontinuous, 133 by filtration, 21, 152 first experiment by boiling (moist heat), 20 by chemicals, 21 by dry heat (hot air), 21 by filtration, 21
Sterilizers, pressure, 137 steam, 135
Stimuli, chemical, 257, 258, 259
Stock cars, 170 solutions, 205 vaccines, 285
Stomach, 246
Straight needles, 192
Stratiform liquefaction, 222
Strawberry poisoning, 292
Streak methods of isolation, 196 plates, 188
Streptobacillus, 53, 56
Streptococcus, 56, 60, 245
Streptococcus, 60, 62, 66, 68, 69
Streptospirillum, 55
Streptothrix, 38
Streptothrix bovis, 30, 36
Strict aërobe, 76 anaërobe, 76 parasite, 87
Structures, accidental, 43 cell, 41 essential, 41
Subcutaneous inoculation, 227
Subdural inoculation, 228
Substrate, 123
Successive existence, 103
Sugar broth, 176, 177
Sulphate reduction, 114
Sulphur bacteria, 63, 86, 115 deposits, 116 function of, 89 in proteins, 105
Summary in immunity, 295 Ehrlich’s theory, 259
Sunning, 148
Surface reactions, 91, 92
Surgical instruments, 167
Susceptibility, 235
Swine, 227
Symbionts, 87, 103
Symbiosis, 87
Synthetic media, 172, 183
Syphilitic antigen, 277, 279
Syphilis, 233, 245, 248, 249 Wassermann test, 277, 279
T
Tabulation of antigens and antibodies, 294
Tænia solium, 28, 35
Tapeworm, 28, 35, 232
Taxes, 203
Temperature conditions, 74 effect on growth, 213 factor in immunity, 251 room, 213
Test, complement deviation, 277 fixation, 276, 279 dose, 264 for enzymes, 123 Gruber-Widal, 268 mallein, 292 negative, 278 positive, 278 for toxins, 127 tuberculin, 292 Wassermann, 277, 279 Widal, 268
Testicle, 249
Tetanus, 231, 238, 243, 249, 251, 252 antitoxin, 252 toxin, 126
Tetracoccus, 57
Tetrad, 57
Texas fever, 232, 233, 242
Thaer, 31
Theories of immunity, 256
Theory, anaphylaxis (author’s), 290–292 cellular, 256 chemical, 256 contagious disease, 34 contagium vivum, 25, 28, 33 Ehrlich’s, 256–260 exhaustion, 256 germ, 25 living cause, 33 mosquito, 25 noxious retention, 256 overproduction, 257, 258 phagocytosis, 256 side-chain, 256 spontaneous generation, 17 unfavorable environment, 256
Thermal death point, 75, 215
Thermophil bacteria, 75, 77
Thermoregulator, 213
Thermostat,213
Thiobacteria, 63
Thiothrix, 63
Thread, 56
Thrombin, 124
Thrush, 27, 34, 244
Ticks, 241
Tiedemann, 26
Tinea, 28
Tissue contrast stains, 205
Titer, 268
Titration, 174
Tonsil, 245, 249
Tonsillitis, 245
Touissant, 283
Toxin, diphtheria, 264 effect of temperature, 262 final test for, 127 in food poisoning, 104 molecule, 261, 262 standard, 264 tetanus, 264
Toxin-antitoxin method, 254
Toxins and enzymes compared, 127 as cell constituents, 84 production of, 126–128 of other organisms, 127 specific localization, 249 true, 128
Toxoid, 262
Toxophore group, 261, 262, 273
Tract, alimentary, 246
Transmission, accidental carriers in, 241 agency of, 232 of contagious diseases, 232 of disease, 26, 28, 35, 239 of glanders, 26, 34 of protozoal diseases, 242 of tuberculosis, 28, 29, 34, 35, 238
Transverse division, 54, 56
Traube, 271
Treponema pallidum, 245
Trichina, 27
Trichina spiralis, 27, 34, 35
Trichinosis, 28, 35
Trichophyton, 243
Trichophyton tonsurans, 28, 34
Trimethylamine, 104
Tropical dysentery, 29 lands, 242
Tropisms, 203
True toxins, 128
Trypanosomes, 242
Trypanosomiases, 241, 243
Tubercle bacteria, 85, 209
Tuberculin reaction, 292, 293
Tuberculosis, 73, 233, 238, 245, 246, 248, 249 due to bacteria, 30 produced experimentally, 28, 34 proved infectious, 29, 35
Tuberculous milk, 248
Tubes, culture, 184 deep, 190 fermentation, 184, 190 Smith, 184 Vignal, 189
Two spores in a bacterium, 50
Tyndall, 24
Tyndallization, 133
Tyndall’s box, 23, 24, 35
Typhoid bacilli, 73, 238 bacillus, 45 carriers, 239 fever, 231, 233, 248, 265, 268 transmission by flies, 242 vaccine, 254
Typhus, 242
Typical cell forms, 52
U
Ultramicroscope, 204
Ultramicroscopic organisms, 234
Ultraviolet rays, 150
Unfavorable environment theory, 256
Unit of antitoxin, 264 of measurement, 40
Universal carrier, 240
Unorganized ferment, 126
Unwashable articles, 169
Urea, 106
Urease, 125
Urethral discharges, 248
Urine, 72
Urticarial rashes, 292
V
Vaccination in chicken cholera, 30 negative phase in, 287 in pneumonia, 241 in smallpox, 26, 34, 253
Vaccine, 253 age of, 285 anthrax, 254 antigens for, 285 autogenous, 285 black-leg, 254 derivation of, 253 mixed, 285 polyvalent, 285 preservative in, 284 sensitized, 254 smallpox, 253
Vaccines, bacterial, 283 in colds, 241 dosage of, 286 in epidemics, 241 failure of, 285–286 in infections, 286 preparation of, 283 standardization of, 284 stock, 284 theory of, 286 use of, 283
Vacuoles, 42, 43, 44, 59
Vaginal discharges, 248
Varo, 25
Vaughan, 291
Vaughan and Novy’s mass cultures, 188
Vegetable toxins, 127, 128
Vegetables, forcing of, 117
Vehicles, disinfection of, 169
Venoms, antisnake, 275
Viborg, 26, 34
Vibration, mechanical, 80
Vibrio, 33, 35, 53, 65, 68, 69 choleræ, 66, 73
Vignal tubes, 189
Villemin, 29, 35
Villous growth, 219, 221
Vinegar, 99, 114
Virulence, 235
Virus, 234
Vultures, 241
W
Walker, 165
Wall, cell, 41 composition of, 82, 83
Warden, 260
Washable articles, disinfection of, 169
Washing leukocytes, 281
Wassermann test, 277
Water, bacteria in, 73 filtration of, 153 purification of, 77, 150 sterilization of, 157
Webb, 253
Weigert, 17, 30, 36, 42, 257, 258
Welch’s method of staining, 210
Whooping cough, 246, 250
Widal, 265 test, 268
Will o’ the wisp, 105
Wine, pasteurization of, 141
Winogradsky, 32, 63, 86
Wire baskets, 184 nichrome, 193
Wollstein, 26, 34
Woronin, 30, 36
Wound infections, 17, 25, 26, 27, 30, 34, 36, 233, 234, 240, 243, 248
Wright, 280
X
X-rays, 79
Xylinum, acetobacter, 83
Y
Yeast, fermentation, 31, 34, 99, 100, 114 relation to bacteria, 37 reproduction of, 37, 39
Yellow fever, 242
Z
Zanz, 18
Zenker, 27, 28, 35
Zettnow, 43
Ziemann, 43
Ziehl-Neelson method of staining, 210
Ziehl’s solution, 206
Zoögloea, 44
Zoötoxins, 128
Zymase, 125
Zymogens, 121, 125
Zymophore group, 273