FIRST ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS

ABOUT, EDMOND. b. 1828, d. 1885. French Writer.

COLONEL FOUGAS' MISTAKE. Tr. J. E. Maitland. 2 v. 1878.

FELLAH, THE: Story of an Honest Man. Tr. Sir R. Roberts, 1870.

KING OF THE MOUNTAINS. Tr. L. Wraxall. 1862.

LAWYER'S NOSE. Tr. J. E. Maitland, 1878.

MAN WITH THE BROKEN EAR. Tr. H. Holt, 1867.

NEW LEASE OF LIFE AND SAVING A DAUGHTER'S DOWRY. Tr. 1860.

ROMAN QUESTION. Tr. H. C. Coape, 1859.

ROUND OF WRONG. Tr. L. Wraxall, 1861.

SOLDIER LOVER. Tr. Elton Locke, 1886.

TOLLA: a Tale of Modern Rome. Tr. L. C. C. Constable's Miscellany of For. Lit., 1854.

ACHILLES TATIUS. Fourth Century. Greek writer.

CLEITOPHON AND LEUCIPPE. Tr. by Rev. R. Smith, 1855.

One of the decadent Greek novelists. An erotic novel of a conventional type.

ÆLFRIC. c. 1006.

THE CATHOLIC HOMILIES. Ed. with tr. B. Thorpe, Ælfric Soc., 1844-46.

LIVES OF SAINTS. Ed. Text and Tr. W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., 1881.

Eminent Saxon prelate, one of the most learned of his time. His works, upwards of eighty in number, have been republished by the Ælfric Soc. (London, 1844-46).

ÆSCHINES. B.C. b. 389, d. 314. Greek orator.

THE ORATIONS OF ÆSCHINES AGAINST CTESIPHON AND DEMOSTHENES DE CORONA. Tr. with notes, Andrew Portal, 1755.

Only three orations of A. are extant, and they relate to charges of 'malversation and corruption against Demosthenes'. The 'De Corona of D.' (330 B.C.) is in reply to Æschines.

ÆSCHYLUS. b. 525, d. 456 B.C. The first of the three great tragic poets of Greece.

THE TRAGEDIES. Tr. by R. Potter, 1777-8.

The tragedies of Æschylus have affected English drama chiefly through French and Italian dramatists. 'Samson Agonistes,' by Milton, and 'Prometheus Unbound,' by Shelley, are unmistakable echoes, and the latter was intended to be a sequel to Æschylus' 'Prometheus Bound'. 'Manfred' and 'Cain', by Byron, are modelled upon A. Influenced also Racine and Corneille. The most famous speech in Swinburne's 'Atalanta in Calydon' is a translation from A.

ÆSOP. 6th century B.C. Fabulist.

Here begynneth the book of the Subtyl Historyes and Fables of Esope.... Translated out of the French into Englysshe by William Caxton, 1484.

The fables of Æsop are among the very earliest of their kind, and probably have never been surpassed for point and brevity.

Nearly all subsequent fables are based upon Æsop. Has affected all European literature. All educated or even intelligent Greeks were supposed to know Æsop, hence their important influence.

ALAMANNI, LUIGI, The Elder. b. 1495, d. 1556. Italian poet.

LA COLTIVAZIONE (1546). [Didactic poem on agriculture.]

See 'Longfellow's Poets and Poetry of the Century'.

ALCAEUS. b. 610 B.C., d. 580 B.C. Greek lyric poet.

The purest text of this poet will be found in the 'Museum Criticum', vol. i. pp. 421-44. Edited by Bishop Blomfield.

'Museum Criticum, or Cambridge Classical Researches,' 1814-25, 2v.

Said to have invented the metre called 'Alcaic'. The style has been much imitated.

ALCORAN. See Koran.

ALEMAN, MATEO. b. 1550 (?) d. 1610. Spanish Writer.

THE LIFE OF GUZMAN D'ALFARACHE, or THE SPANISH ROGUE (1599), to which is added the celebrated tragi-comedy Celestina. Done into English ... By several hands. 2 v., 1708. 1st Tr. 1623.

THE ROGUE; or, THE LIFE OF GUZMAN DE ALFARACHE. [Tr. I. Mabbe]. 1623.

ALEMBERT, JEAN D'. b. 1717, d. 1783. French philosopher, litterateur and mathematician.

ACCOUNT OF THE DESTRUCTION OF THE JESUITS IN FRANCE. Tr. 1766.

MISCELLANEOUS PIECES IN LIT. HIST., AND PHILOSOPHY. 1746.

SPIRIT OF LAWS. Tr. 1846.

ALEXANDER. For a summary of the growth of the saga of Alexander, see Ten Brink, Hist. of Eng. Lit. v.i. In England, the adaptation by Thomas or Eustace of Kent (Roman de toute chevalerie) led the way to the alliterative romance of King Alisaunder.

See also ALEXANDER AND DINDIMUS. Ed. W. W. Skeat. E.E.T.S.

WARS OF A. Ed. Stevenson, 1849.

THE BUIK OF THE MOST NOBLE AND VAILZEAND CONQUEROUR, A. THE GREAT. Bannatyne Club, 1834.

KING ALEXANDER. A Greek romance upon him had been written in 1060 by Simon Seth. This romance was tr. into Latin and became the groundwork of many French and English poems. In 1200 Gaultier de Chatillon turned it into an 'Alexandreis' which was one of the best Latin poems of the Middle Ages.

At about the beginning of the reign of John the great French romance was composed in nine books, containing altogether about 20,000 of the twelve-syllabled lines since known, from their use in that poem, as 'Alexandrines'.

ALEXANDER, Wars of. Ed. Prof. W. W. Skeat. E.E.T.S., 1886.

ALISAUNDER. Ed. Skeat. E.E.T.S.

ALEXANDER AND DINDIMUS. Letters of A. to D., King of the Brahmans, and his replies. Tr. from Latin, cir. 1340-50. (Skeat). Ed. Stevenson, 1849.

ALEXANDER.

LIFE OF ALISAUNDER.

Ed. Weber. METRICAL ROMANCES, 1810.

ALFIERI, VITTORIO, COUNT. b. 1749, d. 1803. Italian Poet.

TRAGEDIES. Tr. by Charles Lloyd, 1815.

Contents: 'Cleopatra', 'Phillipo II', 'Virginia', 'Orestes', 'Mary Stuart', 'Octavia', 'Merope', 'Saul'.

ALFRED. b. 849, d. 901. King.

GREGORY'S CURA PASTORALIS. Ed. Text and Tr. H. Sweet, E.E.T.S., 1871-72.

BAEDA'S HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA. Ed. Miller, E.E.T.S., 1890.

OROSII HISTORIA. A History of the World to 410. Ed. H. Sweet, E.E.T.S., 1883.

BOETHIUS. DE CONSOLATIONE PHILOSOPHIÆ. Ed. Text and Tr. Fox, 1864.

LAWS. Ed. 'Legal Code of Alfred the Great', Milton Haigh Turk, 1893.

Works ascribed to Alfred.

PROSE VERSION OF PSALMS. Ed. Thorpe, 1835.

A MARTYROLOGY. Ed. J. Herzfeld, E.E.T.S., 1900.

AMADIS DE GAULA. (End of 14th century.) The hero of the famous romance of chivalry.

THE FIRST BOOK OF A. OF GAULE [By V. de Lobeira. Translated from the French version, by A. Munday.] MS. note [by Dr. Farmer]. [1590?]

THE SECOND BOOKE OF A. DE GAULE [By V. de Lobeira. Englished by L(azarus) P(yote).] [Pseud. i.e. Anthony Munday.] 1595.

THE ANCIENT ... AND HONOURABLE HISTORY OF A. DE GAULE. (The First-fourth Booke.) Tr. from the Spanish ... by Lord of Essaro, N. de Herberay, etc. Tr. into English by (Anthony Munday), 1619.

AMADIS OF GAUL. Tr. R. Southey, 1872. An imitation of the Arthurian romances.

These extravagant chivalric romances, with their even more phantastic descendants dating from thirteenth century, had a great vogue for about 300 years, but were ridiculed out of existence by Cervantes.

'Like the Arthurian and Carlovingian romances, portrays the manners, the religion, and the ideas of love, honour and morality that prevailed when it was written. The "Amadis", says Ticknor, is admitted by general consent to be the best of all the old romances of chivalry'.

AMBROGINI, ANGELO. See Poliziana.

AMIEL, H. F. French Writer.

JOURNAL IN TIME. Tr. Mrs. H. Ward. 2 v. 1885.

AMIS AND AMILOUN. Thirteenth century.

Ed. Weber. METRICAL ROMANCES, vol. 2. 1810.

OF THE FRIENDSHIP OF AMIS AND AMILE. Tr. Wm. Morris, 1894. [Kelmscott Pr.].

AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS. b. 320, d. 390. Greek-Latin historian.

THE ROMAN HISTORIE. Tr. Philemon Holland, 1609.

ANACREON, BION, MOSCHUS. ... Tr. T. Stanley, 1651.

ANACRAEON DONE INTO ENGLISH OUT OF THE ORIGINAL GREEK. By T. Wood, A. Cowley, J. Oldham and Francis Willis, 1683.

The influence of Anacreon on English literature was chiefly through Horace; Waller, Lovelace, Herrick and Suckling imitated the lyrics of A. to a great extent.

ANCREN RIWLE. Assigned to Richard le Poor. d. 1237.

Ed. J. Morton, Camden Soc., 1853.

ANDERSEN, HANS CHRISTIAN, b. 1805, d. 1875.

FAIRY TALES. DANISH FAIRY LEGENDS AND TALES. Tr. 1846. ONLY A FIDDLER, and O. T., OR LIFE IN DENMARK. Tr. by Howitt, 1845.

ANDERSEN, HANS C.

DANISH FAIRY LEGENDS AND TALES. Tr. 1846.

IMPROVISATORE: or LIFE IN ITALY. Tr. M. Howitt, 1845.

NIGHTINGALE AND OTHER TALES. Tr. C. Boner, 1846.

PICTURES OF TRAVEL IN SWEDEN.... Tr. 1871.

SHOES OF FORTUNE. Tr. 1847.

TALES. Selected. Tr. 1875.

TRUE STORY OF MY LIFE. Tr. M. Howitt, 1847.

THE TWO BARONESSES. 2 v. Tr. 1848.

TO BE, or NOT TO BE? Tr. Mrs. Bushby, 1857.

THE UGLY DUCK. Tr. 1851.

THE WHITE SWANS. Tr. [1863].

WILL O' THE WISP, etc. Tr. H. W. DULCKEN [1867].

WONDERFUL STORIES FOR CHILDREN. Tr. M. Howitt, 1846.

One of the great story-tellers of the world.

His original genius is most conspicuous in his fairy tales. His numerous works have been translated into most of the European languages.

ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE.

A national record of events, which is said to have been begun at the instance of King Alfred the Great (849-901). Its last record is of the accession of Henry II, 1154. It is the oldest historical work written in any Germanic language, and is the basis of most of our knowledge of Anglo-Saxon History.

THE SAXON CHRONICLE, with an English translation. Ed. by James Ingram, 1823.

THE ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE, with a translation. Ed. by Benjamin Thorpe. Rolls Series, 1861.

THE ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE. Tr. by J. A. Giles, 1847, and by J. Stevenson, 1853.

ANGLO-SAXON ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS. See Anthologies, etc.

ANTHOLOGIES: ANGLO-SAXON, AND GENERAL COLLECTIONS. Poetical, Fairy Tales, Folk-Tales and Traditional Literature.

ASHTON, JOHN. THE ROMANCES OF CHIVALRY, TOLD AND ILLUSTRATED IN FACSIMILE. 1886-89.

[Sir Isumbras, Sir Degore, Sir Bevis, Squyr of Lowe Degre, Valentyne and Orson, Guy of Warwick, etc.]

BOWRING, SIR J. Tr. SERVIAN POETRY. 1827.

CHILD, F. J. ENGLISH AND SCOTTISH POPULAR BALLADS. 5 v. 1882.

CLOUSTON, W. A. POPULAR TALES AND FICTIONS. 2 v. 1887.

COX, SIR G. W. and E. H. JONES. POPULAR ROMANCES OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 1871-72.

[Arthur, Merlin, Sir Tristram, Bevis, Guy, Roland, Beowulf, Volsungs, Nibelungs, Walter of Aquitaine, Godrun, Fritheof, Burnt Njal, etc.]

CROXALL, S. A SELECT COLLECTION OF NOVELS, written by the most celebrated authors in several languages ... and all now translated from the originals by several eminent hands. 6 v. 1720-2.

[Contains: Cervantes's Exemplary Novels; La Fayette's 'Princess of Cleves', and 'Zaide'; Machiavelli's 'Marriage of Belphegor'; Scarron's 'Innocent Adultery'; 'Historical Tales of the Abbé Réal'; and various anonymous tales from the French.]

ELLIS, G. Ed. SPECIMENS OF EARLY ENGLISH METRICAL ROMANCES. Ed. J. O. Halliwell [Phillips]. 1805. Revised by Halliwell, J. O., 1848. Contains analysis of the following: Peter Alphonsus, Marie's Lays, Merlin, Guy of Warwick, Morte Arthur, Sir Bevis, Richard C. de L., Roland and Ferragus, Sir Otuel, Sir Ferumbras, The Seven Wise Masters, Florice and Blancheflour. Robert of Cysille, Sir Isumbras, Sir Triamour, Ipomydon, Sir Eglamour, Lay le Fraine, Sir Eger, Sir Grahame and Sir Graysteel, Sir Degoré, Roswal and Lillian, and Amys and Amylion.

GIBB, J. GUDRUN, BEOWULF, THE SONG OF ROLAND AND OTHER MEDIEVAL TALES. 1881.

GOULART, SIMON. ADMIRABLE AND MEMORABLE HISTORIES, CONTAINING THE WONDERS OF OUR TIME. Collected into French out of the best authors.... Tr. by Edw. Grimstone. 1607.

[To this work our early dramatists were much indebted.]

GROUP OF EASTERN ROMANCES AND STORIES. 1889.

HALLIWELL, J. O. THORNTON ROMANCES. Camden Soc., 1844.

Percival, Isumbras, Eglamour, Degravant.

HARTSHORNE, C. H. ANCIENT METRICAL TALES. 1829.

Athelston, King Edward and Shepherd, Floris, William the Werwolf, etc.

JOYCE, P. W. Tr. OLD CELTIC ROMANCES. [Eng. tr. from Celtic MSS.]. 1879.

KEMBLE, J. M. Ed. CODEX VERCELLENSIS, ANGLO-SAXON POETRY OF THE. Aelfric Soc. 1843-56.

[1. Legend of St. Andrew. 2. Cynewulf's Elene, and Minor Poems.]

LABOULAYE, EDWARD R. L.

1. FAIRY TALES OF ALL NATIONS. Tr. 1867. 2. LAST FAIRY TALES. Tr. by M. L. Booth, 1884. 3. OLD WIVES FABLES. Tr. [1883]. 4. MORE OLD WIVES FABLES. Tr. [1884].

LONGFELLOW, HENRY W. Ed. and tr. POETS AND POETRY OF EUROPE. With Intro. and Biographical notes. 1838.

LUDLOW, JOHN MALCOLM. POPULAR EPICS OF THE MIDDLE AGES OF THE NORSE-GERMAN AND CARLOVINGIAN CYCLES. 2 v. 1865.

MARRIOTT, DR. W. Ed. COLLECTION OF ENGLISH MIRACLE PLAYS. 1838.

Ten dramas from the Chester, Coventry, and Towneley series, with two of later date.

'MEREDITH, OWEN'. [Ld. Lytton]. Tr.

SERBSKI PESME: the National Songs of Servia. 1861.

MORLEY, Prof. H. Ed. EARLY PROSE ROMANCES. 1889.

Specimens of 1. Reynard, 2. Fryer Bacon, 3. Robert the Devil, 4. Guy of Warwick, 5. Hamlet, 6. Virgilius, 7. Friar Rush.

MORRIS, Dr. H. Ed. EARLY ENGLISH

METRICAL POEMS, c. 1360. E.E.T.S., 1864.

MORRIS, DR. R. OLD ENGLISH MISCELLANY. [A Bestiary, Kentish sermons, 'Prov. of Alfred', Relig. Poem, 13th century]. E.E.T.S., 1872.

MULOCK, D. M. Tr. THE FAIRY BOOK. 1863.

PABKE, MARIE and M. J. PITMAN. WONDER-WORLD STORIES FROM THE CHINESE, FRENCH, GERMAN, HEBREW, HINDOOSTANI, HUNGARIAN, IRISH, ITALIAN, RUSSIAN, SWEDISH AND TURKISH. 1877.

PAINTER, WILLIAM. PALACE OF PLEASURE. Beautified, adorned and well furnished with pleasant histories and excellent novels, selected out of divers good and commendable authors. 1566-69.

[A collection of tales, chiefly by Boccaccio and Bandello, on which many of the Elizabethan writers founded their plots.]

RITCHIE, LEITCH. Editor of the Library of Romance. 15 v. 1833-35.

[Contains stories by Galt, Banim, Victor Hugo, Pichler, etc.]

THORPE, BENJ., Ed. CODEX EXONIENSIS. Collection of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, with Tr. in par. cols. 1842.

[Another edition by I. Gollancz has been issued by the Early English Text Soc.]

RITSON, J. ANCIENT ENGLISH METRICAL ROMANCES. 3 v. 1802. The Wedding of Sir Gawain, Ywaine and Gawin, Launfal, Lybeaus Disconus, The Geste of King Horn, The Kyng of Tars and the Sudan of Damas, Emare, Sir Orpheo, Chronicle of Engleland, Le bone Florence of Rome, The Erle of Tolous, The Squyer of Lowe Degree, The Knight of Curtesy, and the Fair Lady of Faguell, (Appendix) Horn Childe and Maiden Rimnild.

ROBSON, J. THREE EARLY ENGLISH METRICAL ROMANCES. Camden Soc. No. 18. 1842.

Anturs of Arther, Sir Amadace, The Avowynge of King Arther, Sir Gowan, Sir Kaye and Sir Bawdewyn of Bretan.

SKENE, W. F. Ed. THE FOUR ANCIENT BOOKS OF WALES. 2 v. 1868.

Contains the Cymric poems attributed to the bards of the sixth century.

SWEET, H. Ed. THE OLDEST ENGLISH TEXTS. E.E.T.Soc. 1885.

Including all the extant oldest English texts up to about 900, which are preserved in contemporary MSS., with the exception of the 'Chronicle' and the works of Alfred.

THOMS, WM. J. Ed. EARLY PROSE ROMANCES. 3 v. 1828.

Vol. 1. 'Robert the Devyll'; Deloney's 'Thomas of Reading'; 'The History of Friar Bacon'; 'The Pleasant History of Friar Rush'; 'The Lyfe of Virgilius'; vol. 2. 'Robin Hood'; 'George à Green'; 'Tom à Lincolne'; vol. 3. The History of Helyas, Knight of the Swan. The History of the Life and Death of Dr. John Faustus. The second Report of Dr. John Faustus.

UTTERSON, R. SELECT PIECES OF EARLY POPULAR POETRY. 2 v. 1817.

Syr Tryamoure, Syr Isenbras, Syr Degore, Syr Gowghter.

WAGNER, WILHELM. EPICS AND ROMANCES OF THE MIDDLE AGES. Tr. from the German by M. W. Macdonald and Ed. by W. S. W. Anson 1882.

WEBER, HENRY W. ILLUSTRATIONS OF NORTHERN ANTIQUITIES FROM THE EARLIEST TEUTONIC AND SCANDINAVIAN ROMANCES. With Translations of Metrical Tales, notes and illustrations by H. W. Jamieson and Sir W. Scott. 1811.

METRICAL ROMANCES OF THE 13TH, 14TH AND 15TH CENTURIES, published from original MSS. With an Introduction, 3 v. 1810.

TALES OF THE EAST. 3 v. 1811.

See also under various countries as Spanish, etc.

APOLLONIUS OF TYRE. Greek Romance.

KYNGE APPOLYN OF THYRE. Tr. by Rob. Copland, 1510.

This romance forms the 153rd chapter of an edition of the 'Gesta Romanorum', printed in 1488, and is considered as the probable original of the play of 'Pericles'. It was rendered into Anglo-Saxon. [Tr. by Thorpe.]

APOLLONIUS RHODIUS. B.C. b. 235. Greek poet.

ARGONAUTICS, in four books, by Francis Fawkes, 1780.

APPIAN. b. 138, d. 161. Greek historian.

THE ANCIENT HISTORIE AND EXQUISITE CHRONICLE OF THE ROMAN WARRES.... 1578.

The history is a compilation. Of the twenty-four books only eleven are extant.

APULEIUS. b. 125. Latin writer and Pagan Philosopher of the Platonic School.

FABLE OF CUPID AND PSYCHE. (Verse translation) by Thos. Taylor. 1795.

THE XI. BOOKES OF THE GOLDEN ASSE, CONTEININGE THE METAMORPHOSIE OF L. A. Tr. by W. Adlington. 1566.

[Supposed by some to be a satire on magicians, priests and debauchees. Has often been imitated.]

AQUINAS, THOMAS. Saint, b. 1226, d. 1274. Eminent scholastic teacher. The greatest of the 'Schoolmen'.

MEDITATIONS OF ST. THOMAS ON THE PURGATIVE, ILLUMINATIVE AND UNITIVE WAYS FOR A RETREAT OF TEN DAYS. Tr. 1869.

MEMORANDA OF ANGELICAL DOCTRINE, FROM LADY DAY TO THE ASCENTION: digested and done into English ... by W. Humphrey. 1866.

SUMMA THEOLOGIA. Compendium. Tr. by E. O'Donnell. 2 v. 1859.

ARABIAN ANTHOLOGY: COLLECTIONS.

CARLYLE, J. D. Tr. SPECIMENS OF ARABIAN POETRY, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE EXTINCTION OF THE KALIFAT. 1796.

CLOUSTON, W. A. ARABIAN POETRY FOR ENGLISH READERS. 1881.

LYALL, SIR C. J. TRANSLATIONS OF ANCIENT ARABIAN POETRY, with an introduction and notes. 1885.

PRIDEAUX, W. F. THE LAY OF THE HIMYARITES. 1879.

ARABIAN NIGHTS ENTERTAINMENT: consisting of one thousand and one stories.... Translated into French from the Arabian MSS. by M. Galland (1704) ... and now done into English [1710]. 2nd edition, 1712; 4th edition, 1713-15. 6 vols.

'The most famous product of Arabian literature: a large collection of entertaining tales of unknown origin. The stories of Aladdin, of Sindbad the Sailor, of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, and many others, are as well known to English people of every age as any stories from their native literature.' The influence of these stories on English literature is incalculable.

ARANY, JOHN. b. 1819, d. 1882. Hungarian poet.

LEGEND OF THE WONDROUS HUNT. Tr. E. D. Butler, 1881.

ARETINO, PIETRO. b. 1492, d. 1557. Satirical Italian Writer, surnamed 'The Scourge of Princes'.

DIALOGUES, COMEDIES, LETTERS. 1538-57.

SONNETS AND OTHER POEMS. (No translation given).

Imitated largely by Nash, ('The English Aretino',) and the Elizabethan pamphleteers.

ARIOSTO, LODOVICO. b. 1474, d. 1533. Italian poet.

ORLANDO FURIOSO IN ENGLISH HEROICAL VERSE. By J. Harrington. (1516). [Allegorie of Orlando Furioso,—Life of Ariosto]. 1591.

ORLANDO FURIOSO. Tr. by Thos. Carew [1st five books only]. 1594.

SATYRES, IN SEVEN FAMOUS DISCOURSES, shewing the State, (1) of the Court, and Courtiers. (2) Of Libertie, and the Clergie in generall. (3) Of the Romance Clergie. (4) Of Marriage. (5) Of Soldiers, Musitians, and Lovers. (6) Of Schoolmasters and Scholes. (7) Of Honour, and the Happiest Life. Tr. In English by Gervase Markham [or rather by R. T.(ofte)]. 1608.

THE SUPPOSES (I Suppositi): A comedie written in the Italian Tongue by A. and Englisshed by G. Gascoygne. In. ('A Hundreth Sundrie Flowers, etc.') [1572].

TWO TALES. Tr. by R[obert] T[ofte]. 1597.

'Ariosto', says Hallam, 'has been, after Homer, the favourite poet of Europe.'

A. based his epics on the writings of Virgil. He was Spenser's favourite poet, who suggested the style and form used in the 'Faerie Queene'.

'Orlando Furioso' is closely imitated from Boiardo's 'Orlando Innamorato.' His 'Satyres' are written in the Horatian manner.

ARISTOPHANES, b. 448, d. 380 B.C. The most famous comic poet of Greece.

THE BIRDS OF A. From the Text of Dindorf. With notes by H. P. Cookesley, 1834.

THE CLOUDS: a comedy (423) Tr. by Mr. Theobald, 1715.

COMEDIES (5). Tr. by T. Mitchell, 1820-3.

THE FROGS: a comedy. Tr. by C. Dunster, [1780].

A PLEASANT COMEDY ENTITLED HEY FOR HONESTY, DOWN WITH KNAVERY. Tr. by Thos. Randorph, 1651.

THE WORLD'S IDOL; or, PLUTUS THE GOD OF WEALTH. From the Greek by H. H. B. 1659.

The comedies of A. bear a close resemblance to the work of our comic playwriters to-day.

ARISTOTLE, b. 384, d. 322 B.C. Greek philosopher.

ARISTOTLE'S RHETORIC ... MADE ENGLISH ... [with a preface subscribed H. C.] In four books. 1656.

THE ART OF LOGIC.... Tr. from the Latin of the Dialectica of P. de La Ramée, 1626.

THE ART OF POETRY. With Dacier's notes. 1705.

DE ANIMA. The History of Animals and Treatise on Physiognomy. Tr. 1809.

The Same. With notes and tr. by E. Wallace, 1882.

ARISTOTLE ON THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION. Tr. F. G. Kenyon, 1891.

THE ETHICS OF ARISTOTLE, THAT IS TO SAYE, PRECEPTS OF GOOD BEHAVIOURE, AND PERFIGHTE HONESTIE. Tr. [by J. Wilkinson]. 1547.

TREATISE ON GOVERNMENT. Tr. by W. Ellis, 1776.

POLITIQUES, translated out of Greek into French, with Expositions, by Loys le Roy, called Regius. Tr. out of French into English, 1597.

THE PROBLEMS OF ARISTOTLE, WITH OTHER PHILOSOPHERS AND PHISITIONS.... 1597.

WORKS OF ARISTOTLE, translated and illustrated with copious Elucidations. By Thomas Taylor, 10 v. 1806-12.

'In the history of Western civilization there is no example of any other philosopher having exerted so great an influence on the minds of men as Aristotle'.

'A. dominated the thinking of the Middle Ages' (Schoolmen).

Puttenham's 'Art of English Poesie', Sidney's 'Defence of Poesie', and Dryden's 'Of Dramatic Poesie', all influenced by A.

ARRIAN. b. 146, d. 170. Greek historian.

ARRIAN'S HISTORY OF ALEXANDER'S EXPEDITION.... By John Rooke, Arrian's Indian-History.... 2 v. 1729.

ARTHOUR AND MERLIN. Ed. Turnbull, Abbotsford Club, 1838.

Ed. Wheatley. E.E.T.S., 1869-99.

ARTHUR.

ARTHUR, KING OF GREAT BRITAIN. A Book of the Noble Hystoryes of Kynge Arthur, and of Certeyn of his knyghtes, reduced into Englysshe by Syr Thomas Malory, Kynght and by me William Caxton. 1485.

Tennyson's 'Idylls of the King' and Arnold's 'Tristram and Iseult' are taken from the above legends.

(Also noticed under Anglo-Saxon collections.)

'In 1155 the Jersey Norman, Robert Wace, converts and amplifies Geoffrey's work into the French romance "Brut d'Engleterre" or "Geste des Bretons", introducing for the first time the Table Round. This again is developed in English verse by Layamon in his "Brut" of 1205. From various sources and by various hands, the Arthurian legends are increased. Milton for a time was strongly attached to this subject, and in his "Epitaphium Damonis" he shows the hold which the Arthurian legends had taken upon him, and he explicitly proposed to make Arthur and the British knights the subject of an epic'.

ARTHUR. 14th century.

Ed. Furnivall, E.E.T.S., 1864.

ARTHUR OF LITTLE BRITAIN. THE HYSTORY OF ARTHUR OF LYTELL BRYTAYNE, translated out of Frensshe in to Englishe, by the noble Johan Bourghcher, Knyght, Lord Berners. 1493.

Not the Arthurian legend, but irresponsible adventures like the Amadis. Said to have had a great influence on Spenser's Faerie Queene.

Arthur and Charlemagne are among the first and original heroes of romance, in whose chronicles are displayed the characters, the leading subjects, and the fundamental fictions which have supplied such ample matter to this form of composition. 'As Geoffrey's history is the grand repository of the acts of Arthur, so a fabulous history, ascribed to Archbishop Turpin, is the groundwork of all the legends told of the conquest of Charlemagne and his twelve peers'.

AUCASSIN AND NICOLETTE, a love story, edited in old French and rendered in modern English ... by F. W. Bourdillon. Fr. and Eng. 1887.

AUCASSIN AND NICOLETTE: done into English by A. Lang, 1887.

[A quaint and naïve little Provençal chante fable of the 12th century.]

AUERBACH, BERTHOLD. b. 1812, d. 1882. German-Jewish writer and poet.

BAREFOOTED MAIDEN. Tr. E. H. Wehnert. 1857.

BLACK FOREST TALES. (1843). Tr. J. E. Taylor, 1849.

A faithful record of German conditions in the early half of 19th century.

BRIGITTA. Tr. C. Bell, 1880.

CINDERELLA OF THE BLACK FOREST. Tr. 1861.

CHRISTIAN GELLERT, etc. Tr. 1858.

COUNTRY HOUSE ON THE RHINE. (1870). 3 v. 1870.

EDELWEISS. Tr. 1869.

FLORIAN AND CRESCENY. Tr. M. Taylor, 1853.

[GELLERT THE STEPMOTHER]. Tr. 1882.

GOOD HOUR, THE. Tr. H. W. Dulcken. [1876].

JOSEPH IN THE SNOW AND THE CLOCKMAKER. Tr. Lady Wallace. 3 v. 1861.

LITTLE BAREFOOT. Tr. 1872.

ON THE HEIGHTS. Tr. 1867.

PROFESSOR'S WIFE. Tr. 1851.

TALES OF THE BLACK FOREST. Tr. 1890.

TWO STORIES. Tr. [1869].

VILLAGE TALES, FROM THE BLACK FOREST. Tr. M. Taylor. 2 v. 1846-47.

AUGUSTINE, ST. b. 353, d. 430. The most illustrious Latin Father of the Church.

THE CONFESSIONS ... OF S. AUGUSTINE (397). Tr. [by Sir. T. Matthew], together with a large preface, etc. 1620.

THE MYRROUR OF THE CHURCH, MADE BY SAYNT AUSTYN OF ABYNDON. Tr. 1521.

THE RULE OF ST. AUGUSTINE, BOTH IN LATYN AND ENGLYSSHE, WITH TWO EXPOSYCYONS. By Rycharde Whytforde, 1525.

ST. AUGUSTINE OF THE CITIE OF GOD: with the learned comments of J. L. Vives. (413-26) Englished by J. Healey, 1610.

A WORKE OF THE PREDESTINATION OF SAINTS, wrytten by the famous doctor S. Augustine, and translated ... by N. Lesse, Londoner. Item. Another worke of the sayde Augustyne, entytuled. OF THE VERTUE OF PERSEVERANCE TO THE END Tr. by N. L[esse]. 1550.

The 'City of God' was influenced by Plato's 'Republic', as also was Bacon's 'Atlantis' and More's 'Utopia'.

AURELIUS, MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS. See under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.

AULUS GELLIUS. See Gellius, Aulus.

AUNGERVYLE, RICHARD. See Richard de Bury.

AUSTRIAN AND HUNGARIAN ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS.

BOWRING, Sir J. POETRY OF THE MAGYARS. 1830.

BUTLER, E. D. Tr. HUNGARIAN POEMS AND FABLES FOR ENGLISH READERS. 1877.

LOEW, W. N. Editor. GEMS FROM PETOFI AND OTHER HUNGARIAN POETS. 1881. [Enlarged and revised as Magyar Poetry, 1899].

VERNALAKEN, FRIEDRICH T. Tr. IN THE LAND OF MARVELS: Folk Tales of Austria and Bohemia. Tr. by Johnson. 1884-8.

AVESTA. See ZEND AVESTA.

BACON, ROGER, b. 1214, d. 1294. Franciscan Friar, philosopher, mathematician.

DISCOVERY OF THE MIRACLES OF ART AND NATURE, AND MAGIC. Tr. 1597.

THE CURE OF OLD AGE AND PRESERVATION OF YOUTH. Tr. 1683.

MIRROR OF ALCHEMY. Tr. 1597.

INEDITED WORKS. Ed. by J. S. Brewer. 1859.

THE FAMOUS HISTORIE OF FRYER BACON. 16th Century.

'Containing the Wonderful Things that he did in his life: also the manner of his death; with the lives and deaths of the two Coniurers, Bungye and Vandermast. An Elizabethan version of an earlier story of the great Franciscan (1214-92) and his achievements, which are after the manner of the time ascribed to necromantic powers. Notable as the story on which Greene based his finest play'.

BALBO, CESARE. b. 1789, d. 1853. Italian writer and statesman.

TONIOTTO AND MARIA; A TALE OF THE CONSCRIPTION. Tr. [1872].

LIFE AND TIMES OF DANTE ALIGHIERI.... Tr. F. J. Bunbury. 2 v. 1852.

BALZAC, HONORÉ DE. b. 1799, d. 1850. French novelist.

AFTER DINNER STORIES. Tr. 1885.

BUREAUCRACY. Tr. by K. P. Wormeley. 1889.

CESAR BITTOREAU. (1838.) Tr. by J. H. Simpson, 1860. [Vol. 1. of the Balzac Series].

CHOUANS, THE. (1829.) Tr. 1889.

COMEDY OF HUMAN LIFE. Tr. by K. P. Wormeley. 1885.

COUNTRY DOCTOR. (1833.) Tr. 1887.

COUSIN PONS. (1846.) Tr. 1885.

DUCHESSE DE LANGEAIS. (1834). Tr. 1885.

EUGENE GRANDET. (1833.) Tr. 1886.

GREAT MEN OF THE PROVINCES. Tr. 1893.

HOUSE OF CLAES. Tr. 1887.

HUMAN COMEDY. Tr. E. Sedgwick, etc., 1895.

LOUIS LAMBERT. (1832.) Tr. by K. P. Wormeley, 1889.

MAGIC SKIN. Tr. 1888.

MODESTE MIGNON. (1844.) Tr. 1888.

MOTHER AND DAUGHTER: or, LA MARANA. Tr. 1842. [1st Series of 'Scènes de la Vie Parisienne'.]

PERE GORIOT: or, UNREQUITED AFFECTION. Tr. 1860.

SERAPHITA. (1831-3.) Tr. by G. F. Parsons, 1889.

TWO BROTHERS. 1888.

His acuteness of observation and brilliant fancy, often unnatural and extravagant, has largely influenced modern English romancists.

BANDELLO, MATTEO. b. 1480, d. 1561. Italian novelist and Dominican monk.

CERTAIN DISCOURSES. Tr. by Geffrie Fenton, 1567.

THE TRAGICAL HISTORYE OF ROMEUS AND JULIET, written first in Italian by Bandello, and now in Englishe by Ar.[thur] Br.[oke]. 1562.

A MOST LAMENTABLE AND TRAGICAL HISTORIE, WHICH A SPANISH GENTLEWOMAN NAMED VIOLENTA EXECUTED UPON HER LOVER DIDACO.... Newly translated into English meeter by T. A. [Thomas Acheley]. 1576.

'The Bishop of Agen, was the most important of the Italian novellieri. His "Novello" is a popular story, derived from the French fabliau, full of spirited action, and true to the life of his time'.

Shakespeare, Massinger and other English dramatists derived some of their plots from B. Thus 'Romeo and Juliet', 'Measure for Measure', 'Othello', etc., are all from the 'Novello'. The Elizabethans also imitated B. largely.

The stories of Bandello enjoyed a wide vogue in France and England, and formed matter for the exploitation of every class of our Elizabethan dramatists and writers of fiction.

BARBADILLO, DON ALONSO GERONIMO DE SALAS b. 1580, d. 1630. Spanish poet and dramatist.

FORTUNATE FOOL. Tr. from the Spanish by Philip Ayres. 1670.

BARBOUR, JOHN. b. 1316, d. 1396.

THE BRUCE. Ed. Skeat, E.E.T.S., 1870-77.

The Bruce is a history in verse of the life and deeds of Robert Bruce.

BARCLAY, JOHN. b. 1582, d. 1621.

ARGENIS; or THE LOVES OF POLIARCHUS AND ARGENIS. 1611.

'A political allegory, written originally in Latin. B. reconstructs the map of Europe, and, giving classical names to the important personages of the era of the religious wars, weaves an elaborate and perplexing romance full of surprises and of double meanings'.

BARON MUNCHAUSEN. (German, 16th century.)

Falsely reputed to be the work of Bürger, the ballad-writer and author of 'Lenore'. 'Perhaps the most perfectly ridiculous set of impossible lies ever invented'.

GULLIVER REVIVED; or THE SINGULAR TRAVELS, CAMPAIGNS, VOYAGES, AND ADVENTURES OF BARON MUNIKHOUSEN, COMMONLY CALLED MUNCKHAUSEN. Tr. 1785.

BATTLE OF FINNSBURG. Fragment only. Text with Tr. by Thorpe, 1855.

BAUDELAIRE, CHARLES P. b. 1821, d. 1867. French poet and critic.

ECHOES FROM THE FRENCH POETS. An Anthology from Baudelaire, etc. Tr. 1870.

TRANSLATIONS FROM C. B. Tr. R. H. Shepherd, 1869.

BAUMBACH, RUDOLPH. b. 1841. German poet.

SUMMER LEGENDS. Tr. 1889.

TALES FROM WONDERLAND. Tr. Mrs. H. B. Dole. [1890].

BAYLE, PIERRE. b. 1647, d. 1706. French philosopher and critic.

AN HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL DICTIONARY, [1696] by Monsieur Bayle. Translated with corrections ... by the Author. 4 v. 1710.

This work exerted a great influence over the literature and philosophy of Europe before the French Revolution.

BEAUMARCHAIS, PIERRE AUGUSTIN CARON DE. b. 1732, d. 1799. French dramatist.

THE BARBER OF SEVILLE; or, THE USELESS PRECAUTION: a comedy in four acts [in prose] with songs, etc. [1775]. [Tr. by E. Griffith] 1776.

THE FOLLIES OF A DAY; or THE MARRIAGE OF FIGARO. (1784.) A comedy [in five acts and in prose]. Tr. by T. Holcroft, 1785.

THE SCHOOL FOR RAKES: a comedy [in five acts and in prose]. Tr. by E. Griffiths. 1769.

BEDE. SURNAMED 'THE VENERABLE'. b. 673, d. 735. English monk and ecclesiastical writer.

BEDE'S HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLANDE. Tr. by Thomas Stapleton. 1565.

[King Alfred Tr. this work into Anglo-Saxon.]

COMPLETE WORKS OF BEDE. Tr. by J. A. Giles, 12 v. 1843-44. v. 1: Letters, etc. v. 2-3, Historia Ecclesiastica. v. 4, Historical Tracts. v. 5, Homilies. v. 6, Scientific Tracts. v. 7-12, Commentaries on Scriptures.

BENYOVSZKY, MAURICE A. b. 1741, d. 1786. Hungarian writer.

MEMOIRS AND TRAVELS.... 2 v. Tr. [W. Nicholson] 1789.

BEOWULF.

A semi-fabulous hero of Denmark, who forms the subject of a celebrated epic poem in West Saxon supposed to have been written in the ninth century.

THE POEM OF BEOWULF. Tr. by J. M. Kemble, 1837.

The MS. is in the Cottonian Library in the British Museum (Codex Vitellius, A. xv.). Grímr Jónsson Thorkelin, an Icelandic scholar, had two copies made of it in 1815. Through this edition the poem became known in England, Germany and Denmark, but Sharon Turner gave the first account of it in 1805. In 1833 (2nd edition, 1835) J. M. Kemble issued a complete edition of the text of Beowulf, and in 1837 translated the whole of it into English.

BERANGER, PIERRE JEAN DE. b. 1780, d. 1857. French lyric poet.

ONE HUNDRED SONGS, with translations by W. Young, 1847.

SONGS OF BERANGER, translated by the author of the 'Exile of Idria', 1837.

BERGERAC, SAVINIEN CYRANO DE. b. 1620, d. 1655. French litterateur and dramatic author.

SATYRICAL CHARACTERS AND HANDSOME DESCRIPTIONS IN LETTERS. Tr. from the French, by a Person of Honour. 1658.

HISTORY OF THE WORLD IN THE SUN AND MOON, done into English by Tho., St. Serf, Gent. 1659.

COMICAL HISTORY OF THE STATES AND EMPIRES OF THE WORLD OF THE MOON AND SUN; newly Englished by A. Lovell, 1687. 1st Tr. 1638.

VOYAGE TO THE MOON WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE SOLAR WORLD, done from the French by S. Derrick. 1753.

To this philosophical romance on the system of Descartes, Swift is supposed to have been greatly indebted: the journey to the moon being the origin of Swift's Brobdignag, and that to the sun suggesting the voyage to Laputa.

BERGSOL, WILHELM GORGEN. b. 1835. Danish author.

BRIDE OF ROERVIG. Tr. N. Francis, 1877.

BERNARD, CHARLES DE. Pseud. (Charles Bernard D. de La Villette). b. 1805, d. 1850. French novelist.

LION'S SKIN AND THE LOVER HUNT. Tr. 1853.

LOVER AND THE HUSBAND. Tr. 1841.

BERNI, FRANCESCO. b. 1610, d. 1673. Italian orator, poet, and dramatic author.

THE ORLANDO INNAMORATO. Tr. W. S. Rose, 1823.

THE ENCHANTED LAKE OF THE FAIRY MORGANA, from O. I. Tr. 1806.

BEYLE, MARIE-HENRI. [H. B. DE STENDHAL. L. A. C. BOMBET.] b. 1783, d. 1842. Versatile French litterateur.

THE CHARTREUSE OF PARMA (1839). Tr. 1895.

RED AND BLACK: a story of provincial France. (Le Rouge et le Noire 1830). Tr. 1898.

BÈZE, THEODORE. b. 1519, d. 1605. French Calvinistic theologian and scholar.

A BOOKE OF CHRISTIAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Wherein are set forth the cheefe points of the Christian Religion. Tr. by A. Golding, 1574.

A BRIEFE AND PITHIE [sic] SUMME OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH, MADE IN FORME OF A CONFESSION.... Tr. by R(obert) F(yll), 1565.

A BRIEFE DECLARATION OF THE CHIEFE POYNTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION. Tr. 1556.

A DISCOURSE by M. T. DE BEZA, CONTAINING THE LIFE AND DEATH OF M. JOHN CALVIN, ... Tr. by I. S., [1570].

AN ORATION MADE BY MASTER T. DE BEZE.... ACCOMPANIED WITH XI OTHER MINISTERS AND XX DEPUTIES OF THE REFOURMED CHURCHES OF THE REALM OF FRAUNCE.... 1562.

PROPOSITIONS AND PRINCIPLES OF DEVINITIE.... Tr. by John Penry, 1591.

THE TREASURE OF TRUETH.... Tr. by J. Stockwood. Whereunto are added, These Godly Treatyses, etc.... 1576.

[Note. Herbert in his edition of Ames's 'Typographical Antiquities' notices a former edition entitled 'Treatise of Truth'. Tr. by Whittingham, Geneva, about 1556.]

B. was profoundly versed in ancient literature, and contributed most to the great movement of the renaissance.

BIBLE, THE.

The first English translation was made by John Wycliffe in 1383.

The first Protestant translation of the whole Bible is considered as the joint production of Tyndale and Coverdale.

E.g. BIBLIA. The Bible, that is, the holy Testament of the Olde and Newe Testament, faithfully and truly translated out of the Douche and Latyn into English, 1535.

[Ordered by Henry VIII to be laid in the choir of every church 'for every man that will to look and read therein'.]

BIBLE. [MATTHEW]. The Byble, which is all the holy Scripture: in which are contayned the Olde and Newe Testament truely and purely translated into Englyssh by Thomas Matthew, 1537.

BIBLE. [THE BISHOP'S]. The Holie Bible conteyning the Olde Testament and the newe. 1568.

BIBLE. [AUTHORISED VERSION]. The holy Bible, conteyning the old Testament and the new: newly translated out of the originall Tongues, and with the former translations diligently compared and revised by his maiesties speciall commandment. 1611.

'If we were to take our greatest authors and read them through, pencil in hand; if we were to mark those words and images and turns of expression which we feel to be derived consciously or unconsciously from the English version of the Hebrew Bible, we should be amazed to find how much of purely literary strength and dignity that one book has added to our tongue'.—T. G. Tucker.

A TABULAR VIEW OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE.

The Bible before the invention of Printing.

I. A.D. 597-1382—The Middle Ages: Metrical Paraphrases, Glosses, and Translations from the Latin Vulgate and from the so-called 'Old Latin'.

II. A.D. 1382—The Wycliffe-Hereford Bible.

A.D. 1388—A Revision of the above Bible, by Purvey and Others.

The Printed Bible of the Sixteenth Century.

III. A.D. 1525—Tyndale New Testament.

A.D. 1530—Tyndales (part of the) Old Testament. The last two are from the Original Greek and Hebrew.

A.D. 1535 and 1537 Coverdale's Bible (the first complete Bible in English) [Not from the Greek and Hebrew.]

A.D. 1537—Matthew's Bible [mainly from a compilation from Tyndale and Coverdale.]

A.D. 1539—Taverner's Bible [A private revision of Matthew's, and comparatively unimportant.]

A.D. 1539 [The first edition of the Great Bible; the second edition of which (with Cranmer's Preface) is dated 1540.]

A.D. 1560—The Genevan Bible.

A.D. 1568—The Bishop's Bible.

A.D. 1582—The Rheims New Testament (from the Vulgate).

The Seventeenth Century.

IV. A.D. 1610—The Douai Old Testament (from the Vulgate).

A.D. 1611—The Authorised Version.

The Nineteenth Century.

V. A.D. 1881—The Revised New Testament.

A.D. 1885—The Revised Old Testament.

A.D. 1895—The Apocrypha.

From 'The Evolution of the English Bible', by H. W. Hoare.

BIDPAI. See PILPAY.

BION. B.C. Greek poet. See Anacreon.

BJÖRNSON, B. b. 1832. Norwegian author.

ARNE. Tr. A. Plesner and S. Rugeley-Powers. 1866.

BRIDAL MARCH, etc. Tr. R. B. Anderson, 1882.

CAPTAIN MANSANA. Tr. R. B. Anderson, 1882.

FISHER-MAIDEN. Tr. M. E. Niles, 1869.

HAPPY BOY. Tr. H. R. G., 1870.

HERITAGE OF THE KURTS. Tr. C. Fairfax, 1892.

LIFE BY THE FELLS AND FIORDS. Tr. 1879.

LOVE AND LIFE IN NORWAY. Tr. Hon. A. Bethell and A. Plesner. [1870].

MAGNHILD. Tr. R. B. Anderson, 1883.

NEWLY MARRIED COUPLE. Tr. S. and E. Hjerleid, 1870.

NORSE TALES. Tr. R. B. Anderson, 1883.

OVIND. Tr. E. Hjerleid, 1869.

THE RAILROAD AND THE CHURCHYARD, etc. Tr. C. Larsen, 1870.

SIGURD SLEMBE. Tr. W. M. Payne, 1888.

BLANCHARDIN AND EGLANTINE.

THE HISTORYE OF KYNGE BLANCHARDYN AND QUEEN EGLANTYNE. Impr. by Wm. Caxton, 1485. Ed. by Dr. Leon Kellner, E.E.T.S., 1889.

BOCCACCIO, GIOVANNI. b. 1313, d. 1375. The most famous of the Italian novelists.

DECAMERON [1358]. The modell of Wit, Mirth, Eloquence, and Conversation. Framed in ten dayes, of an hundred curious pieces by seven Honourable Ladies and three Noble Gentlemen. Preserved to posterity by the renowned J. B.... and now Tr. in English, 1625. [Written in 1348-58. First printed in 1470. Vol. 1 only. The Edition of this translation, published in 1620, was anonymous].

THE BOKE CALLED DE JOHN BOCHAS DESCRIUINGE THE FALLE OF PRINCIS, PRINCESSIS AND OTHER NOBLES, translated into Englissh, by John Lydgate, etc., 1494.

NOVELS AND TALES. Tr. 1684.

Boccaccio directly borrowed his 'Teseide' from Statius' 'Thebaid', A.D. 70. Introduced the octave stanza. The 'Knight's Tale' and 'Troilus and Cressida' of Chaucer are from the 'Teseide' of B., as also is Shakespeare's 'Troilus and Cressida' from the 'Filostrato.' 'All's Well that Ends Well' is also from B. Chaucer borrowed very freely from him.

The 'Decameron' suggested to Chaucer his plan for the 'Canterbury Tales', and also some of the 'Tales' themselves, and its influence on the development of the English novel was enormous.

'The "Decameron" consists of a hundred stories supposed to be related in ten consecutive days, by a party of ten ladies and gentlemen, who had retreated to a charming asylum from plague-stricken Florence in the year 1348. Some of the stories are tragedies, some are comic, some idylls. B. took most of his plots from the current fiction of his time, from the popular French fabliaux, from Oriental and classical sources, from actual history, and from tradition'.

For other copyings from B. it may be enough to mention Lydgate's 'Falls of Princes' and the 'Mirror for Magistrates' (1559) based on the 'De Casibus Illustrium Virorum' of the Italian.

BODIN, JEAN. b. 1530, d. 1596. French representative and political writer.

THE SIX BOOKES OF A COMMONWEALE, OUT OF THE FRENCH AND LATINE COPIES. Done into English by Richard Knolles, 1606.

This work was once read at our universities.

BOETHIUS. b. 470, d. 525. Roman philosopher and statesman.

THE BOKE OF CONSOLACION OF PHILOSOPHIE. Tr. by Geoffrey Chaucer. [1490]. Printed by Caxton.

[This work was first translated by King Alfred into Anglo-Saxon.]

'Boethius stood to the Dark Ages for the exemplar of the philosopher. His place in mediaeval reading was very high, and may be gauged from the fact that in England Alfred the Great translated his "Consolations" into Anglo-Saxon. To Chaucer, as to all the mediaeval world, "Boece" was part of the staple library'.

BOIARDO, MATTIO MARIA. b. 1434, d. 1494. Italian poet.

ORLANDO INNAMORATO. [Charlemagne Romances]. The three first Bookes done into English Heroical Verse (1480). Tr. by R(obert) T(ofte). 1598.

Milton was influenced by B. in his 'Paradise Regained'.

'Orlando Innamorato' was left unfinished by B., and was afterwards finished by Ariosto under the title of 'Orlando Furioso'.

BOILEAU (or, BOILEAU DESPRÉAUX) NICOLAS b. 1636, d. 1711. French poet and satirist.

THE ART OF POETRY (1674). [In verse.] Tr. 1683.

A DISCOURSE OF SATIRES ARRAIGNING PERSONS BY NAME. Tr. 1730.

LUTRIN. A mock heroic poem. Tr. by N. O. 1682.

POSTHUMOUS WORKS. Tr. 1713.

A SATIRE [Translation of the Eighth Satire of B. on man]. 1801.

SATIRES. Tr. 1808.

THE WORKS OF MONSIEUR BOILEAU MADE ENGLISH BY SEVERAL HANDS. To which is prefixed his life by Mr. Des Maizeaux. (Tr. by J. Ozell) and some account of this translation by N. Rowe. 1712-13.

Roscommon's 'Essay on Translated Verse' is derived from Boileau's French 'Art de Poetique'. One of the 'correct' school. Pope and Addison were largely influenced by B. The former's 'Essay on Criticism' is inspired by him. Boileau himself was influenced by the 'De Arte Poetica' of Horace.

BONNOT DE CONDILLAC (ÉTIENNE). See Condillac.

BOOK OF THE DEAD. (PER-EM-HRU.)

'A collection of prayers and exorcisms composed at various times for the benefit of the pilgrim-soul in his journeys through Amente (the Egyptian Hades)'.

See Birch, Dr. Egypt's Place in Universal History. Vol. v. 1867. [Based on Lepsius' imperfect Turin Text. 1842.]

See also Article in Budge, E. A. Wallis. Dwellers on the Nile (chapter 9) 1885.

This work has been printed in full from MSS. in the British Museum. Ed. by E. A. W. Budge, with facsimiles trs. by Budge.

BOSSUET, JACQUES BENIGNE. b. 1612, d. 1704. French divine and eminent pulpit orator.

A DISCOURSE ON THE HISTORY OF THE WHOLE WORLD ... EXPLICATING THE CONTINUANCE OF RELIGION WITH THE CHANGES OF STATES AND EMPIRES, FROM THE CREATION TILL THE REIGN OF CHARLES THE GREAT. Faithfully Englished (1679). 1686.

AN EXPOSITION OF THE DOCTRINE OF THE CATHOLIQUE CHURCH, IN THE POINTS OF CONTROVERSIE WITH THOSE OF THE PRETENDED REFORMATION. Tr. by W. M.(ontague). 1672.

HISTORY OF FRANCE, FROM PHARAMOND TO CHARLES IX. Tr. 1762.

THE HISTORY OF THE VARIATIONS OF THE PROTESTANT CHURCHES.... Tr. 2 v. 1742.

QUAKERISM A-LA-MODE: or HISTORY OF QUIETISM.... Tr. 1698.

VIEW OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY. Tr. by James Elphinston, 1778.

BOTTA, CARLO. b. 1766, d. 1837. Italian poet and historian.

HISTORY OF THE WAR OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Tr. G. A. Otis. 3 v. 1820-21.

HISTORY OF ITALY DURING THE CONSULATE AND EMPIRE OF NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE. 2 v. Tr. 1828.

BOURDEILLES (PIERRE DE) SEIGNEUR DE BRANTÔME. See Brantôme.

BOURGET, PAUL C. J. b. 1852. French novelist.

LAND OF PROMISE. Tr. 1895.

A LOVE CRIME. Tr. [1887].

A CRUEL ENIGMA. Tr. J. Cray, 1887.

A TRAGIC IDYLL. Tr. 1896.

A LIVING LIE. Tr. J. de Villiers, 1896.

OUTRE-MER. Impressions of America. Tr. 1895.

A SAINT AND OTHERS. Tr. J. Gray, 1892.

BRANDES, GEORGE MAURICE COHEN. b. 1842. One of the most brilliant of modern writers.

EMINENT AUTHORS OF THE 19TH CENTURY. Tr. by R. B. Anderson, 1886.

IMPRESSIONS OF RUSSIA. Tr. by S. C. Eastman, 1889.

LORD BEACONSFIELD. A Study.... Authorised translation by Mrs. G. Sturge, 1880.

MAIN CURRENTS IN NINETEENTH CENTURY LITERATURE. 6 v. Tr. 1890, etc.

SHAKESPEARE: A critical study. Tr. by Wm. Archer, M. Morison and D. White, 1898.

His thorough criticism has given rise to what may be called a new school of criticism in the North of Europe.

BRANDT, SEBASTIAN. b. 1458, d. 1521. German satirist.

SHYP OF FOLYS OF THE WORLDE (Narrenschiff, 1494). Tr. out of Laten, French and Doche into the Englysshe Tonge. By Alexander B. Preste [Barclay]. 1509.

'"The Narrenschiff" or "Ship of Fools" was imitated in the sixteenth century by the English Barclay, and was the parent of a considerable satirical progeny during the century.'

BRANTÔME, PIERRE DE BOURDEILLES, SEIGNEUR DE. b. 1540, d. 1614. French historian and litterateur.

SPANISH RHODOMONTADES, AS ALSO ... PROOFS OF A TRUE HEROISM. Tr. M. Ozell, 1741.

BREMER, FREDERIKA. b. 1801, d. 1865. Swedish novelist.

BROTHERS AND SISTERS: a tale of Domestic Life. Tr. 1848.

THE H— FAMILY, ETC. (1831.) Tr. 1844.

THE NEIGHBOURS, ETC. (1837.) Tr. 1842.

THE PRESIDENT'S DAUGHTERS. Tr. 1843.

BRENTANO, CLEMENS. b. 1778, d. 1842. German novelist and poet.

HONOR ... Tr. 1847.

THE WONDROUS TALE OF COCKY, CLUCKY, AND CACKLE. Tr. C. W. Heckethorn. [1889].

FAIRY TALES FROM B. Tr. K. F. Kroeker. [1884].

BRUNETIÈRE, FERDINAND. b. 1849. French critic.

MANUAL OF THE HISTORY OF FRENCH LITERATURE. Tr. R. Derechef, 1898.

BRUNO, GIORDANO. b. 1548, d. 1600. Eminent Italian philosopher.

THE EXPULSION OF THE TRIUMPHANT BEAST. (Spaccio della Bestia Trionfante.) Tr. by Wm. Morehead, 1713.

BUFFON, GEORGE LOUIS LECLERC, COMTE DE. b. 1707, d. 1788. French naturalist and philosopher.

NATURAL HISTORY, GENERAL AND PARTICULAR, illustrated, and with occasional notes and observations by the Translator William Smellie. (1749-67) 1781. (The Edition of 1812 is the only complete English Translation.)

An extraordinary impulse was given by Buffon to the study of natural history in his own country, and his work had a great influence upon English naturalists.

BURGER, GOTTFRIED AUGUST. b. 1747, d. 1794. German poet.

THE CHASE, AND WILLIAM AND HELEN: two ballads from the German of G. A. B. [By Sir W. Scott.] 1796.

LEONORA (with the Text). Tr. by W. R. Spencer, 1796.

SPECIMENS OF GERMAN LYRICS: consisting of translations from ... Burger, 1823.

B. is the reputed author of 'Baron Munchausen.'

'CABALLERO, FERNAN'. b. 1800, d. 1876. Spanish statesman and journalist.

SEA GULL. Tr. A. Bethell, 1867.

ELIA; or SPAIN FIFTY YEARS AGO. Tr. 1868.

AIR BUILT CASTLES, etc. Tr. 1887.

BIRD OF TRUTH. Tr. 1881.

SILENCE IN LIFE, AND FORGIVENESS IN DEATH. Tr. J. J. Kelly, 1883.

CASTLE AND THE COTTAGE IN SPAIN. Tr. Lady Wallace. 2 v. 1861.

THE ALVAREDA FAMILY. Tr. Viscount Pollington, 1872.

CAEDMON. d. 680. 'The father of English song'.

DREAM OF THE HOLY ROOD. [With Trs. in parallel columns.] Ed. by J. M. Kemble. In Codex Vercellensis. Aelfric Soc. 1843-56.

HYMN IN PRAISE OF THE CREATOR. Ed. Napier, 'mod. lang. notes', 1889.

POETICAL PARAPHRASE OF PARTS OF SCRIPTURE. Ed. Thorpe (with Eng. tr.), 1832.

JUDITH. Ed. Prf. A. S. Cook. Tr. Lib. Anglo-Saxon Poetry. 1888.

RUTHWELL CROSS. Ed. H. Sweet. In the Oldest Eng. Texts. 1885.

HOLY ROOD, DREAM OF THE. Ed. J. M. Kemble, with tr. In Cod. Vercell. 1843-56.

METRICAL PARAPHRASE OF SCRIPTURE. Tr. by B. Thorpe, 1832.

CÆSAR, CAIUS JULIUS. b. 100, d. 44 B.C. Roman general, statesman and historian.

COMMENTARIES, NEWLY TRANSLATYD OWTE OF LATIN IN TO ENGLYSHE AS MUCH AS CONCERNED THYS REALME OF ENGLAND SUMTYME CALLYD BRYTAYNE. By J. Tiptoft, 1530.

THE EYGHT BOOKES OF CAIUS JULIUS CÆSAR, CONTEYNING HIS MARTIALL EXPLOYTES IN THE REALME OF GALLIA AND THE COUNTRIES BORDERING UPON THE SAME. Tr. by A. Goldinge. [With an Epistle Dedicatory] ... 1565.

CALDERON, DE LA BARCA, PEDRO. b. 1600, d. 1681. Spanish dramatist.

DRAMAS OF CALDERON: Tragic, Comic, and Legendary.... Tr. by D. F. McCarthy, 2 v. 1853.

THE FAIRY LADY ... KEEP YOUR OWN SECRET. Tr. by Lord Holland, 1807.

FORTUNE MENDS: a comedy. Tr. by F. Holcroft, 1805.

JUSTINIA: a play. Tr. by F. Holcroft, 1805.

SIX DRAMAS OF CALDERON. Tr. by E. Fitzgerald, 1853.

Calderon was the great religious dramatist of Spain. His numerous plays are of a lofty theological and idealistic order, and are inspired by an intense religious fervour.

CALIDAS. See Kalidasa.

CALILAH I DIMNAH.

DONI. The morall philosophie of Doni, englished out of Italian by Sir Tho. North, 1570.

[This celebrated fable book is best known in Europe as 'Pilpay's Fables'; see also under Indian.]

CALPRENÈDE, G. DE COSTES DE LA. See Costes. Gautier de.

CALVIN, JOHN. b. 1509, d. 1533. The greatest of the Protestant reformers.

COMMENTARIES OF J. C. UPON THE FIRST EPISTLE OF SAINT JHON AND UPON THE EPISTLE OF JUDE. [1560.]

COMMENTARY OF JOHN CALVINE UPON THE PROPHET DANIELL. Tr. by A. G. i.e. A. Golding, 1570.

THE EPISTLE OF JHON CALVYNE (whether it be lawfull for a chrysten man to communicate or be partaker of the masse of the Papystes, etc.) [1549].

A FAYTHFUL AND MOSTE GODLY TREATYSE CONCERNYNGE THE MOST SACRED SACRAMENT OF THE BLESSED BODY AND BLOUDE OF OUR SAVIOUR CHRIST, compiled by J. Calvine ... translated into Englisshe by a faythful brother.... Wher unto is added the order that the Church and congregatiõ of Christe in Denmarke doth use. (Set forth by N. Coverdale). 1550.

THE INSTITUTION OF CHRISTIAN RELIGION (Christianæ Religionis Institutio, 1536), translated according to the Author's last Edition (by Thomas Norton), 1561.

THE MYNDE OF M. JHON CALVYNE; what a faithful man, whiche is instructe in Worde of God, ought to do, dwellinge amongest the Papistes. (Tr. by R. G.), 1548.

OF THE LIFE OR CONVERSATION OF A CHRISTEN MAN; a right godly treatise, wyrtten [sic] in the latyn tonge by Maister J. Calvyne. Tr. by T. Brooke, etc. [1549].

A VERY PROFITABLE TREATISE ... DECLARYNGE WHAT GREAT PROFIT MIGHT COME TO AL CHRISTENDOME, YF THERE WERE A REGESTER MADE. Tr. by S. Wythers [1561.]

Influence tremendous, but indefinable. Has affected all religious writers, directly or indirectly.

CAMOENS, LUIZ DE. b. 1524, d. 1558. Portuguese poet.

LUSIADS, OR PORTUGALLS HISTORICALL POEM. Tr. by Richard Fanshaw, 1655.

CAMPE, JOACHIM H. See Kampe, J. H.

CANTÙ, CESARE. b. 1805, d. 1895. Italian historian.

LORD BYRON AND HIS WORKS. Tr. [1883].

THE REFORMATION IN EUROPE. Tr. F. Prandi. Vol. 1. 1847.

CARDUCCI, GIOSUE. b. 1836, d. 1907. Italian poet.

POEMS. Tr. F. Sewall, 1892.

CARLEN, B. F. b. 1807, d. 1892. Swedish novel writer.

THE BROTHER'S BET. Tr. 1867.

THE GUARDIAN. Tr. 1865.

CARLOVINGIAN ROMANCES.

See under:

SIR FERUMBRAS, FOUR SONS OF AYMON. HUON OF BORDEAUX, CHARLES THE GREAT, etc.

CAROVÉ, F. W. b. 1789, d. 1852. German critic.

STORY WITHOUT AN END. Tr. S. Austen, 1834.

STORY OF GOTTFRIED AND BEATA. Tr. A. Moline, 1844.

CHILD AND THE HERMIT. Tr. [1840?].

CASTIGLIONE, BALDASSARE.. b. 1487, d. 1529. Italian writer.

CORTIGIANO. THE BOOK OF THE COURTIER, (1518). Done into English by Sir T. Hoby, 1561.

Influenced English court ideals.

CATO, DIONYSIUS. 4th century. Latin moralist.

Here begynneth the prologue or prohemye of the book called Caton, etc.

Here fynysshed this present book, whiche is called Cathon translated oute of Frensshe in to Englysshe by W. Caxton. 1483.

CATULLUS, CAIUS VALERIUS. b. 84, d. 54 B.C. Latin poet.

THE ADVENTURES OF CATULLUS, AND HISTORY OF HIS AMOURS WITH LESBIA.

Intermixt with translations of his choicest poems. By several hands. 1707.

The most passionate and lyrical of all the Latin poets.

Catullus was very largely influenced by Sappho's 'Odes of Love', 610 B.C. Catullus and Horace combined form type for English odes, such as Ben Jonson wrote, addressed to 'Lesbia', 'Celia', 'Delia', etc.

CAXTON, WM. b. 1422, d. 1491. Scholar and printer.

THE CRONICLES OF ENGLOND. Westmynstre, 10 June 1480. The Discripcion of Britayne, Westmynstre, 18 August, 1480.

[This work is sometimes called the 'Chronicle of St. Alban's', and sometimes 'Caxton's Chronicle', also 'Fructus Temporum'.]

Mentioned here as England's first printer. Translated and printed many books, but mostly of a popular nature.

CELESTINA.

THE SPANISH BAWD REPRESENTED BY CELESTINA; OR THE TRAGICK COMEDY OF CALISTO AND MELIBEA. Tr. [by James Mabbe] 1631.

CELESTINA, THE FAIR ... DAUGHTER TO THE KING OF THESSALIE. Done out of French into English [by W. Barley?]. 1596.

CELLINI, BENVENUTO. b. 1500, d. 1571. Italian artist.

THE LIFE OF B. C.... AND THE HISTORY OF HIS OWN TIME. Written by himself (1558) and ... translated by T. Nugent. 1771.

CELTIC, ETC., ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS.

CAMPBELL, J. F. Ed. and Tr. POPULAR TALES OF THE WEST HIGHLANDS. [4 v. 1860-62.] 1890-91.

[Orally collected, with trs. One of the most important collections of folk-tales in the whole literature of folk-lore, ranking with Grimm's German collections.]

CROKER, T. CROFTON. Ed. FAIRY LEGENDS AND TRADITIONS OF IRELAND. 1825.

[Still the best collection for the south of Ireland.]

CURTIN, JEREM. Tr. MYTHS AND FOLKLORE OF IRELAND. 1890.

[Orally collected from Gaelic lips.]

JOYCE, P. W. Tr. OLD CELTIC ROMANCES [Tr. from Gaelic MSS.] 1879.

LAING, D. SELECT REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT POPULAR POETRY OF SCOTLAND. 1822.

LAING, D. EARLY SCOTTISH METRICAL TALES. 1826.

NASH, D. W. TALIESIN: trs. of Remains of Welsh Bards. 1857.

MENZIES, LOUISA. Tr. LEGENDARY TALES OF ANCIENT BRITONS. 1864.

[Trs. from the chronicles.]

O'GRADY, STANDISH H. Ed. and Tr. SILVA GADELICA. 2 v. 1892.

[A collection of tales in Irish, with English trs.]

RHYS, JNO. and J. G. EVANS. OLD WELSH TEXTS. v. 1-4, 1887.

1. 'Red Book of Hergest': Mabinogion, 1887.

2. 'Black Book of Carmarthen', 1888.

3. 'Red Book of Hergest': II. Y Llyvyr Coch o Hergest, 1889.

4. 'Book of Llan Dâv', 1893.

5. 'Book of Aneurin' [Anc. Welsh Poetry, 12th-13th cent.]

SKENE, W. F. Ed. THE FOUR ANCIENT BOOKS OF WALES. 2 v. 1868.

[Contains the Cymric Poems attributed to the bards of the 6th cent.]

WAIFS AND STRAYS OF CELTIC TRADITION. 1889.

V. 1. 'Craignish Tales', collected by J. MacDougall, with notes, 1889.

V. 2. 'Folk and Hero Tales', ed. and tr. by D. McInnes, 1890.

V. 3. 'Folk and Hero Tales', ed. by J. MacDougall [collected from a roadman, 1891].

V. 4. 'The Friars', collected by J. G. Campbell, 1891.

CERVANTES SAAVEDRA, MIGUEL DE. b. 1547, d. 1616. Spanish novelist.

DON QUIXOTE (1605). Tr. by Thomas Shelton, 1612-20.

A COLLECTION OF SELECT NOVELS, written originally in Castilian by Don M. C. S. made English by H. Bridges, 1728.

Butler's 'Hudibras' is a palpable metrical imitation of 'Don Quixote'.

Beaumont and Fletcher's 'Knight of the Burning Pestle' is a still closer imitation.

The tremendous influence of 'Don Quixote' upon English literature is difficult to define. He was imitated by the Elizabethans, e.g. Middleton's 'Spanish Gipsy' and Fletcher's 'Fair Maid of the Inn' are both taken from his 'Novellas Exemplares'.

For 'Exemplary Novels,' see also under Anthologies. Croxall, S. Select Collection of Novels. Tr. 1720-22.

CHAMISSO, A. VON. b. 1781, d. 1838. French poet and naturalist.

THE SHADOWLESS MAN: or THE WONDERFUL HISTORY OF PETER SCHLEMIHL. [1845.]

CHANSONS DE GESTES, 12th and 13th centuries.

A series of long narrative poems dealing with warfare and adventure. The principal poems of the Carlovingian Cycle are The Song of Roland, Ogier le Danois, Renaud de Montauban, Raoul de Cambrai, Huon de Bordeaux, Les Saisnes, Doon de Mayence, Gerard de Viane and Hugues Capet.

These were of vast importance in the metrical paraphrases that occupied the chief period of English Literature in the Middle Ages, had a very great influence upon the Italian romancers, affected English literature through Spenser and others, and influenced more particularly the Elizabethan period.

CHARLEMAGNE ROMANCES.

BOIARDO, MATTIO M. ORLANDO INNAMORATO. The three first Bookes done into English Heroical Verse (1480). Tr. by R(obert) T(ofte). 1598.

CAXTON, WILLIAM. THE LYF OF THE NOBLE AND CRYSTEN PRINCE CHARLES THE GRETE, translated by Wm. Caxton. 1485.

(Reissued by the Early English Text Society, 1880-1.)

CAXTON, WILLIAM. THE RIGHT PLEASANT AND GOODLY HISTORY OF THE FOUR SONNES OF AYMON. 1489.

(Reissued by the Early English Text Society, 1884-5.)

BOURCHIER, SIR JOHN, Lord Berners. THE BOKE OF DUKE HUON OF BURDEUX. 1534.

(Also 1601, and Early English Text Society, 1882-7. Abridged edition by Robert Steele, 1895. Also Valentine and Orson, newly corrected and amended, 1637. Original French edition, Lyons, 1489.)

CHARRON, PIERRE. b. 1541, d. 1603. French advocate, philosopher, and author.

OF WISDOME, THREE BOOKES. Tr. S. Lennard. [1615?].

ON WISDOM. Tr. Geo. Stanhope, 1697.

CHATEAUBRIAND, FRANÇOIS RENÉ, VICOMTE DE. b. 1768, d. 1848. French writer.

ATALA, or THE LOVE AND CONSTANCY OF TWO SAVAGES IN THE DESERT. Translated from the French of F. A. C., by C. Bingham. 1802.

RENÉ: a tale. Tr. 1813.

TRAVELS IN GREECE, PALESTINE, EGYPT AND BARBARY, 1806-7. Tr. by F. Shobert, 1811.

CHERBULIEZ, CHARLES VICTOR. b. 1826, French novelist.

BLUE-EYED META HOLDENIS, AND A STROKE OF DIPLOMACY. Tr. 1881.

LOW-BORN LOVER'S REVENGE. Tr. 1881.

MISS ROVEL. Tr. 1875.

A PHIDIAN HORSE. Tr. E. H. B. Roberts, 1893.

TRIALS OF JETTA MALAUBRET. Tr. 1886.

TUTOR'S SECRET. Tr. [P. Derecheff] 1893.

WISH OF HIS LIFE. 2 v. Tr. 1878.

WITH FORTUNE MADE. Tr. M. L. Simkins, 1896.

CHESTER MYSTERIES. Cir. 1268.

Ed. Thomas Wright, Shakespeare Soc., 1843-47. T. H. Markland, Roxburghe Club, 1818 (two plays).

CHEVELERE ASSIGNE. Ed. Utterson, Roxburghe Club, 1820, and Lord Aldenham, E.E.T.S., Ex. Ser. vi.

A prose version of the tale of the Knight of the Swan will be found in Thoms. See also p. 81.

CHINESE ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS. Poetical. Fairy Tales. Folk-Tales and Traditional Literature.

DAVIS, SIR JOHN F. Tr. CHINESE NOVELS translated from the Originals. 1822.

DOUGLAS, ROB. K. Tr. CHINESE STORIES. 1892.

FIELDE, ADELE W. Tr. CHINESE NIGHT'S ENTERTAINMENTS. 1893.

GILES, H. A. Tr. GEMS OF CHINESE LITERATURE. 1884.

GILES, H. A. STRANGE STORIES FROM A CHINESE STUDIO. 2 v. 1880.

[164 tales.]

STENT, G. C. Tr. THE JADE CHAPLET, in 24 beads, 1874.

[Chinese songs, ballads, etc.]

CHRYSOSTOM, ST. JOHN. b. 347, d. 407. Eminent Greek father.

A COMPANION FOR THE SINCERE PENITENT.... Tr. by J. Veneer, 1728.

THE GOLDEN BOOK OF ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM CONCERNING THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN. Tr. by J. E(velyn). 1659.

HIS SIX BOOKS CONCERNING THE PRIESTHOOD. Tr. by H. Hollier. [1728.]

AN HOMILIE OF SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM UPON THE SAYINGS OF ST. PAUL.... [Part of] THE FIFT HOMELIE AGAYNST THE JEWS. Tr. by T. Chaloner, 1544. [1574.]

A SERMON OF SAINT CHRYSOSTOME WHERIN ... HE WONDERFULLY PROVETH THAT NO MAN IS HURTED BUT OF HYM SELFE. Tr. by T. Supsette, 1542.

CICERO, MARCUS TULLIUS. b. 106, d. 43 B.C. Roman orator, statesman and philosopher. Often called Tully by English writers.

THE BOKE OF TULLE OF OLDE AGE. [Tr. into English by W. Worcester] etc. TULLIUS DE AMICICIA. Tr. by [John Tiptoft], Earl of Worcester. THE ARGUMENT OF THE DECLAMACYON ... [a Tr. by J. Tiptoft of two Orations, etc. The whole edited by Wm. Caxton. 1481.]

THE BOKE OF FRIENDSHIP, see the above, Tullius de Amicicia.

THE CHOSEN ELOQUENT ORATIONS FOR THE POET ARCHAIS, selected from his Orations and now first published in English, 1571.

DE ORATORE. Tr. by G. P(arry), 1723.

DE REPUBLICA. Scipio's Dream, or the Statesman's Extasie. Tending to prove the immortalitie of the Soul as the proper merit of Justice. [Tr. by E.G.S.] 1627.

THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES. (Epistolæ ad Familiares). Tr. by J. Webbe, 1570.

LETTERS: SELECTIONS. A very necessary entrance to speaking and writing the Latin Tongue. Tr. by T. W. 1575.

ORATIONS ... Pro M. MARCELLO. The oration which Cicero made to Cæsar giving thanks to him for pardoning M. Marcellus. Tr. 1555.

THE ORATIONS OF M. TULLIUS CICERO. Tr. ... with notes ... 1745-52.

THE THREE BOOKES OF TULLYES OFFYCES, BOTHE IN LATYNGE TONGE AND IN ENGLYSSHE, lately translated by Roberte Whytinton, 1534.

THOSE FYUE QUESTIONS WHICH MARKE TULLYE CICERO DISPUTED IN HIS MANOR AT TUSCULANUM. Tr. by John Dolman, 1561.

TULLY'S FIVE BOOKS DE FINIBUS. Translated by S. P. Gent. (Saml. Parker), revised by J. Collier ... with an apology for the Philosophical Writings of Cicero, by Henry Dodwell. 1702.

TULLY'S THREE BOOKS TOUCHING THE NATURE OF THE GODS. (De Natura Deorum.) 1683.

Orators and preachers of the 17th and 18th centuries based their style upon Cicero. He formed what is known as the 'Johnsonian' style. Burke, Fox, Pitt and Gladstone modelled themselves on Cicero.

'It is not too much to say that the highest eloquence of Italy, France and England has at all times striven to be Ciceronian.'

CID. b. 1040, d. 1099. Spanish hero.

The Moorish appellation of a celebrated Castilian hero, who was born at Burgos about 1040, and whose proper name was Rodrigo or Ruy Diaz de Bivar. He was also surnamed Campeador ('the Champion'). A poem of which the Cid is the subject, composed by 'the Homer of Spain', an author whose name is unknown.

CID ROMANCES.

The most important of the Cid literature is the poem written about the 12th cent., and probably the oldest document in the Spanish language.

GIBSON, J. YOUNG. Tr. THE CID BALLADS, [AND OTHER POEMS]. Ed. Margaret D. Gibson. 2 v. 1887.

LEWIS, G. Tr. THE CID BALLADS. 1883.

LOCKHART, JOHN GIBSON. Tr. ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS. Historical and Romantic. 1823.

[Contains ballads afterwards omitted.]

ORMSBY, JOHN. Tr. POEMS OF THE CID. 1879.

SOUTHEY, R. Tr. AMADIS OF GAUL. 1872.

SOUTHEY, R. Tr. CHRONICLES OF THE CID. [Prose.] 1808.

Translated from three books, (1) 'Chronica del Cid', (2) 'Chronica Genera de España', (3) 'Poema del Cid' (composed, c. 1135-75).

CODEX EXONIENSIS: Collection of Anglo-Saxon Poetry. Ed. Benj. Thorpe, with tr., 1842.

Also under Anthologies, General, and Exeter Book.

CODEX VERCELLENSIS, Anglo-Saxon Poetry of the. Ed. J. M. Kemble, 2 pts., with tr., 1843-56.

Also under Anthologies, General and Vercelli Book.

COMENIUS (KOMENSKÝ) JOHANNES AMOS. b.1592, d. 1671. Slavic educator and bishop.

A CONTINUATION OF J. A. COMENIUS, SCHOOL ENDEAVOURS; or, A SUMMARY DELINEATION OF DR. CYPRIAN KINNER, Etc. Translated out of the original Latine, transmitted to Sam. Hartlibb, and by him published. 1648.

THE GATE OF TONGUES UNLOCKED AND OPENED, or else A SEMINARY or SEED PLOT OF ALL TONGUES AND SCIENCES. In Latin, English and French, by J. Anchoran. 1639.

NATURALL PHILOSOPHIE REFORMED BY DIVINE LIGHT; or, A SYNOPSIS OF PHYSICS, etc. Translated from the Latin, 1651.

A PATTERNE OF UNIVERSALL KNOWLEDGE, IN A PLAINE AND TRUE DRAUGHT, etc. Tr. into English by J. Collier, 1651.

A REFORMATION OF SCHOOLES, designed in two treatises, etc. And now translated into English by S. Hartlibb. 1642.

He was invited to several foreign countries for the purpose of reforming the methods of public instruction.

COMMINES, PHILIPPE DE. b. 1445, d. 1509. French historian.

HISTORY. (1523). Englished by Sir T. Danet, 1596.

'This most judicious and able history, which comprises a period of thirty-four years during the reigns of Lewis XI and Charles VIII of France, was said by Catherine de Medicis to have made as many heretics in politics, as Luther's works had done in religion'. Highly praised for its fidelity, candour, and deep insight into men and things.

COMTE. ISIDORE AUGUSTA MARIE FRANÇOIS XAVIER. b. 1798, d. 1857. French philosopher.

APPEAL TO CONSERVATIVES. Tr. T. C. Donkin and R. Congreve, 1889.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS. Tr. from the Cours de Philosophie Positive of A. C. (1822) by W. M. Gillespie. Tr. 1851.

THE POSITIVIST LIBRARY (IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY) OF AUGUSTE COMTE. Tr. and Ed. F. Harrison, 1886.

THE POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY OF AUGUSTE COMTE, freely translated and condensed ... by Harriet Martineau, 3 v. 1852.

COMTE'S PHILOSOPHY OF THE SCIENCES. Tr. by G. H. Lewes, 1847.

RELIGION OF HUMANITY ... SUBJECTIVE SYNTHESIS, OR UNIVERSAL STATE OF HUMANITY, etc. [Tr. R. Congreve]. Vol. 1. 1891.

CONDILLAC, ETIENNE BONNOT DE. b. 1715, d. 1780. French philosopher and metaphysician.

AN ESSAY ON THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE. Being a supplement to Mr. Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding. Tr. by Thos. Nugent, 1756.

CONDORCET, JEAN ANTOINE NICOLAS DE CARITAT. b. 1743, d. 1794. French philosopher.

REFLECTIONS ON THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION, 1688, and that of August 10, 1792. Tr. 1792.

LIFE OF VOLTAIRE. 2 v. Tr. 1790.

CONFUCIUS. b. 551 B.C. The most illustrious of the Chinese philosophers.

MORALS OF CONFUCIUS. Tr. 1691.

WORKS, containing the original Text and a Dissertation on the Chinese Language and Character. By J. Marshman (vol. i. only published). 1809.

CONSCIENCE, HENDRIK. b. 1812, d. 1883. Flemish novelist.

COUNT HUGO OF CRAENHOVE. (1845.) Tr. 1867.

THE DEMON OF GOLD. (De Geldduivel 1856.) Tr. 1857.

THE GOOD MOTHER. (1844.) Tr. 1852.

HAPPINESS OF BEING RICH. Tr. 1888.

IRON TOMB. Tr. 1889.

THE LION OF FLANDERS (De Leeuw von Vlaenderen 1838). Tr. 1838.

OFF TO CALIFORNIA. Tr. by J. F. Cobb, 1884.

THE PROGRESS OF A PAINTER. Tr. 1852.

SKETCHES FROM FLEMISH LIFE, in three tales. Tr. 1846.

TALES. 10 v. Tr. 1888-92.

VEVA: or THE WAR OF THE PEASANTS: an historical tale. Tr. 1855.

THE VILLAGE INNKEEPER. (1851) Tr. 1867.

CONSTANT DE REBECQUE, HENRI BENJAMIN DE. b. 1767, d. 1830. French orator, politician and litterateur.

ADOLPHE.... [Tr. A. Walker] 1816.

ON THE POLITICAL DOCTRINE CALCULATED TO UNITE PARTIES IN FRANCE. Tr. T. E. Darby, 1817.

COPPÉE, FRANÇOIS, b. 1842, d. 1908. French poet.

TEN TALES. Tr. Walt. Learned, 1892.

BLESSED ARE THE POOR. Tr. 1894.

THE NEWSPAPER WOMAN. Tr. T. L. Oxley, 1880.

THE WAIF. Tr. 1880.

THE PASSER-BY. A comedy. Tr. 1885.

FOR THE CROWN. A play. Tr. 1896.

THE TREASURE. Tr. 1895.

CORNEILLE, PIERRE. b. 1606, d. 1684. French dramatist.

AMOROUS ORONTUS. Tr. by J. Bulteel, 1665.

THE CID. (1636.) Tr. by J. Rutter, Part I. 1637.

THE EXTRAVAGANT SHEPHERD. Tr. by T. R. 1653.

HERACLIUS, EMPEROUR OF THE EAST. Tr. by L. Carlell, 1664.

HORATIUS: a Roman Tragedy. Tr. by Wm. Lower, 1656.

THE LABYRINTH, OR THE FATAL EMBARRASSMENT. Tr. 1776.

MAXIMIAN. Tr. by Lady S. Burrell, 1800.

MELITE (1629). 1776.

NICOMEDE. (1653.) Tr. by John Dancer, 1671.

POMPEY. Tr. by Mrs. C. Philips, 1663.

RODOGUNE, or THE RIVAL BROTHERS (1646). Tr. (by Sampson Aspinall), 1765.

The French declamatory tragedy of Corneille takes as its type the drama of Seneca. The works of C. influenced the post-Restoration dramatists.

COSTES, GAUTIER DE, SEIGNEUR DE LA CALPRENÈDE. b. 1616 (?), d. 1680 (?). French writer of fiction.

CASSANDRA, THE FAM'D ROMANCE. (1642.) Rendred into English by Sir C. Cotterell, 1652.

CLEOPATRA. Hymen's Præludia (1647) ... being the first part of that much admired romance, intituled Cleopatra. Tr. by R. Loveday, 1652.

PHARAMOND; or THE HISTORY OF FRANCE. Tr. by J. Phillips, 1677.

These works when translated into English were much read. Dryden's 'Secret Love' taken from the 'Grand Cyrus' and Settle's 'Ibrahim'.

COTTIN, MME. b. 1773, d. 1807. French novelist.

ELIZABETH: or THE EXILES OF SIBERIA. Tr. 1809.

AMELIA MANSFIELD. Tr. 1803.

CLARA. Tr. 2 v. 1808.

MALVINA. Tr. 1810.

MATILDA AND MALEK ADHEL. Tr. 1833.

COUSIN, VICTOR. b. 1792, d. 1867. French metaphysician, philosopher and author.

INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. Tr. H. G. Linberg, 1832.

COURSE OF THE HISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY. Tr. G. W. Wight, 2 v. 1852.

ELEMENTS OF PSYCHOLOGY. Tr. 1834.

PHILOSOPHY OF THE BEAUTIFUL. Tr. J. C. Daniel, 1848.

ON THE STATE OF EDUCATION IN HOLLAND. Tr. 1838.

JUSTICE AND CHARITY. Tr. W. Hazlitt, 1848.

COVENTRY MYSTERIES. Cir. 1392.

Ed. Halliwell, Shakespeare Soc., 1841.

CRÉBILLON, C. PROSPER JOLYOT DE. b. 1707, d. 1777. French Novelist.

THE WANDERINGS OF THE HEART AND MIND.... Tr. M. Clancy, 1751.

LETTERS FROM THE MARCHIONESS DE M. Tr. 1737.

THE SOPHA: a moral tale. Tr. 1781.

THE SKIMMER. Tr. 1735.

CURSOR MUNDI. A non-religious poem.

Ed. R. Morris, E.E.T.S., 1874-91.

CURTIUS, QUINTUS. Roman historian.

THE HISTORIE OF QUINTUS CURTIUS, CONTAINING THE ACTES OF THE GREATE ALEXANDER. Tr. John Brende, 1561.

LIFE AND DEATH OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT. Tr. Thos. Codrington, 1652.

CYNEWULF. 8th century?

JULIANA. Ed. W. Strunk. Belles Lettres Series.

JULIANA, ST., Legend of. Pt. of Codex Exon. Tr. 1842.

THE CHRIST. Ed., Text and Tr. J. Gollancz, 1892.

ANDREAS, AND FATES OF THE APOSTLES. Ed. W. M. Baskervill, Albion Series.

DESCENT INTO HELL. Ed. W. H. Hulme, with The Christ. Belles Lettres Series.

DREAM OF THE ROOD, or, VISION OF THE CROSS. Ed. A. S. Cook, 1905.

PHŒNIX. Pt. of Codex Exon. Tr. 1842.

RIDDLES. Pt. of Codex Exon. Tr. 1842.

ELENE. Pt. of Codex Vercell. Tr. 1843-56.

GUTHLAC (Doubtful). Goodwin, C. W. Ed. The Anglo-Saxon Version of the Life of St. Guthlac. Tr. 1848.

HARROWING OF HELL. Pt. of Codex Exon. Tr. 1842.

CYRANO DE BERGERAC (SAVINIEN). See Bergerac.

D'ALEMBERT. See ALEMBERT.

DANTE ALIGHIERI. b. 1265, d. 1321. Italian poet.

THE DIVINA COMMEDIA, consisting of the Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. Tr. by Rev. Henry Boyd. 1802.

DIVINE COMEDY. INFERNO. A Literal Prose Translation by J. A. Carlyle, 1849.

THE INFERNO. Tr. by Chas. Rogers, 1782.

THE INFERNO OF DANTE. Tr. by Rev. Henry Cary. 1806.

THE VISION OF HELL, PURGATORY AND PARADISE OF DANTE. Tr. by Rev. Henry Cary. 1814.

[VITA NUOVA.] CANZONIERE, including the Poems of the Vita Nuova and the Convito, Italian and English. Tr. by Charles Lyall, 1835.

Dante utilized the epic of Virgil as the basis for his poems. Influenced Milton's 'Paradise Lost'. 'House of Fame' and 'Parliament of Fowles' by Chaucer show borrowings and translations from D.

'Dante set modern Europe a great example, a model of sublimity in literature; though he did indeed supply English writers with many a thought and phrase, nevertheless his influence is chiefly indirect'.

DAUDET, ALPHONSE. b. 1840, d. 1897. French dramatist and novelist.

ARTISTS' WIVES. (1874.) Tr. 1889.

BELLE NIVERNAISE. (1887.) Tr. 1888.

EVANGELIST; or, PORT SALVATION. (1883). Tr. 2 v. 1885.

KINGS IN EXILE. (1879). Tr. 1896.

MY BROTHER JACK; or THE STORY OF WHAT-D'YE-CALL 'EM. Written by himself. Tr. by L. Ford (1873), 1877.

THE NABOB. A story of Parisian life and Manners. Tr. by E. Clarequin (1877). 1878.

THE NEW DON QUIXOTE; or, THE WONDERFUL ADVENTURES OF TARTARIN OF TARASCON, (1872).... Tr. by C. Roland, 1875.

NUMA ROUMESTAN; or, JOY ABROAD AND GRIEF AT HOME. (1881.) Tr. 1884-86.

ONE OF THE FORTY (L'IMMORTAL). (1888.) Tr. by Verrall, 1888.

PORT TARASCON. (1890). Tr. 1890.

RECOLLECTIONS OF A LITERARY MAN. Tr. by Ensor, 1889.

ROBERT HELMONT: Diary of a Recluse. (1871.) Tr. 1888.

ROSE AND NINETTE. Tr. 1892.

SAPPHO: a romance (1884). Tr. by J. and R. Maxwell, 1886.

TARTARIN IN THE ALPS. (1885). Tr. 1886.

THIRTY YEARS OF PARIS AND OF MY LITERARY LIFE. Tr. 1888.

WORKS. Tr. H. Frith, L. Ensor, E. Barlow, etc. 9 v. 1896.

DELILLE, JACQUES. b. 1738, d. 1813. French poet and academician.

THE GARDENS; or THE ART OF LAYING OUT GROUNDS. Tr. 1789.

THE RURAL PHILOSOPHER; or FRENCH GEORGICS. Tr. by John Maunde, 1801.

DEMOSTHENES. b. 383, d. 322 B.C. Greek orator.

THE THREE ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES, IN FAVOUR OF THE OLYNTHIANS. Tr. by Thos. Wylson, 1570.

The influence of D., though considerable, is indirect through Latin literature. 'All Roman orators were avowed students of Greek methods'.

'That Demosthenes is the prince of orators everybody knows'.

DENINA, CARLO G. M. b. 1731, d. 1813. Italian historian.

AN ESSAY ON THE REVOLUTIONS OF LITERATURE. Tr. by John Murdoch. [1771.]

A DISSERTATION, HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL, ON THE ANCIENT REPUBLICS OF ITALY. Tr. John Langhorne, 1773.

DESCARTES, RENÉ. b. 1596, d. 1650. French philosopher and mathematician.

DESCARTES' EXCELLENT COMPENDIUM OF MUSICK: WITH ANIMADVERSIONS THEREUPON. By a person of Honour (Lord Brounkes). 1653.

A DISCOURSE OF A METHOD FOR THE WELL GUIDING OF REASON AND THE DISCOVERY OF TRUTH IN THE SCIENCES (Discours de la Méthode, 1637). Tr. 1649.

LIFE OF R. DESCARTES, containing the History of His Philosophy and works. Tr. 1693.

A NEW VOYAGE TO THE WORLD OF CARTESIUS. Tr. by Thos. Taylor, 1692.

THE PASSIONS OF THE SOULE, in three books. Translated, with prefatory letters, 1650.

His works manifest original, daring and independent genius, endowed with great force and subtlety of thought. Spinoza derived from him his pantheism, and Berkeley his pure idealism. His influence was almost universal in the seventeenth century. Newton demonstrated his more simple physical principles.

DIDEROT, DENIS. b. 1713, d. 1784. French philosopher and savant.

DORVAL, or THE TEST OF VIRTUE. A Comedy [in five acts and in prose]. Tr. 1767.

AN ESSAY ON BLINDNESS, etc. Interspersed with several anecdotes of Sanderson, Milton, and others. Tr. [1750].

THE FAMILY PICTURE: a play (Père de Famille); with verses on different subjects. By a Lady, 1781.

RAMEAU'S NEPHEW. [1805]. Tr. by S. M. Hill, 1897.

THOUGHTS ON ART AND STYLE. Tr. 1893.

A satire on Parisian society, as it was just before the Revolution, in the form of a dialogue, which gives a view of the world as seen through the eyes of a parasite.

His reputation is founded upon the 'Encyclopædia, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et Métiers'. This was written in conjunction with d'Alembert.

DIGBY MIRACLE PLAYS. Ed. W. Sharpe, 1835.

DIODORUS SICULUS. B.C. 50. Greek historian.

HISTORY OF THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER, SURNAMED THE GREAT. Tr. Thos. Stocker, 1569.

HISTORY OF THE WORLD, done into English by G. Booth, 1700.

DOSTOIEFFSKY, FEDOR. b. 1822, d. 1881. Russian novelist.

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT. Tr. 1886.

THE IDIOT. Tr. 1887.

INJURY AND INSULT. Tr. 1886.

UNCLE'S DREAM AND PERMANENT HUSBAND. 1888.

BURIED ALIVE. Tr. 1881.

THE PERMANENT HUSBAND. Tr. 1888.

THE GAMBLER. Tr. 1887.

FRIEND OF THE FAMILY. Tr. 1887.

POOR FOLK. Tr. L. Milman, 1894.

DU BARTAS, G. SALUSTE, SR. b. 1544, d. 1590. French Statesman and poet.

BARTAS HIS DIVINE WEEKES AND WORKES ... Translated and written by yt famous Philomusus, Josvah Sylvester, Gent. 1605-7.

There are many selections from Sylvester's translation of Du B., a work to which Milton was evidently greatly indebted.

BABILON.... Tr. by W. Lisle. 1596.

A CANTICLE OF THE VICTORY OBTAINED BY THE FRENCH KING HENRIE THE FOURTH. At Yvry. Tr. by J. S. Marchant, 1590.

COLONIES OF BARTAS, with the Commentary of S. G. S. Tr. by R. F., 1598.

FIRST DAY OF THE WORLD'S CREATION. Tr. by J. Jackson, 1596.

HISTORIE OF JUDITH.... Tr. by Tho. Hudson, 1584.

MIRACLE OF THE PEACE IN FRANCE.... Tr by J. Sylvester, 1599.

SECOND DAY OF THE FIRST WEEK OF WILL. DE SALUSTE, LORD OF BARTAS, in English heroical verse, by Tho. Winter, 1603.

SECONDE WEEKE, or THE CHILDHOOD OF THE WORLD. Tr. by J. Sylvester, 1598.

THIRD DAYES CREATION. Tr. by Tho. Winter 1604.

THE TRIUMPH OF FAITH. THE SACRIFICE OF ISAAC. THE SHIP-WRACKE OF JONAS. WITH A SONG OF VICTORIE OBTAINED BY THE FRENCH KING AT YVRY. Tr. by J. S. Marchant, 1590.

DU BELLAY, JOACHIM. b. 1524, d. 1560. Surnamed the 'French Ovid'.

A TREATISE WHEREIN HE REPRESENTED ... THE MISERIES ... THAT FOLLOW THE VOLUPTUOUS WORLDLINGS. [With Epigrams and Sonnets.] Tr. 1569.

COMPLAINTS, Containing sundrie small poemes of the World's Vanitie. (The Ruines of Rome.) Tr. by Ed. Sp[enser], 1591.

Du B. and Ronsard are the two most important names of the 'Pléiade'. The followers of Du B. and R., through the Italian school introduced the 'classical' style of verse into England. Du Bellay served as a pattern to English writers.

DUCLOS, CHARLES PINAUD. b. 1704, d. 1772. French historian and academician.

HISTORY OF LOUIS XI, KING OF FRANCE. 2 v. Tr. 1746.

DUKE ROWLAND AND SIR OTUELL. 14th cent. Ed. S. J. Herrtage. E.E.T.S., 1885.

DUMAS, ALEXANDRE. b. 1803, d. 1870. French novelist and dramatist.

AMAURY. (1844.) Tr. 1845.

BLACK TULIP. Tr. 1851.

CAPTAIN PAUL. (The Sicilian Bandit.) Tr. 1859.

CHEVALIER DE MAISON ROUGE: a tale of the Reign of Terror. (1846.) Tr. 1846.

THE COMPANY OF JEHU. Tr. K. P. Wormeley. 2 v. 1895.

THE CONSPIRATORS. Tr. 1847.

COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO. (1844.) Tr. 1846.

COUNTESS DE CHARNY. (1853.) Tr. 1858.

FORTY-FIVE GUARDSMEN. Tr. 1848.

GOOD LADY BERTHA'S HONEY BROTH. Tr. 1846.

THE HALF BROTHERS. Tr. by L. Lawford, 1858.

MARGUÉRITE DE VALOIS. (1845.) Tr. 1846.

MEMOIRS. 2 v. 1890.

MEMOIRS. 6 v. Tr. 1908.

MEMOIRS OF A PHYSICIAN (1846). Tr. 1846.

PASCAL BRUNO: a Cicilian story (1837). Tr. 1846.

QUEEN'S NECKLACE (1847). Tr. 1849.

REGENT'S DAUGHTER (1844). Tr. 1845.

TAKING THE BASTILE; or, SIX YEARS LATER. 2 v. Tr. 1847.

THREE MUSKETEERS (1844). Tr. 1846.

TWENTY YEARS AFTER (1845). Tr. 1845.

VIC. DE BRAGELONNE (1868). 2 v. Tr. 1868.

In the 19th century Dumas exercised a vast influence on the English historical romancists. G. P. R. James was his literary offspring entirely.

EBERS, GEORGE MORITZ. b. 1837, d. 1898. German novelist.

ARACHNE: a historical romance. M. J. Safford. 2 v. [1898.]

BARBARA BLOMBERG. Tr. M. J. Safford. 2 v. 1897.

BRIDE OF THE NILE. Tr. by C. Bell. 2 v. 1887.

THE BURGOMASTER'S WIFE; a tale of the Siege of Leyden. (1882.) Tr. 1882.

CLEOPATRA. Tr. M. J. Safford. 2 v. 1894.

EGYPT: Historical and Picturesque. Tr. by C. Bell, 1881-87.

AN EGYPTIAN PRINCESS (Eine Aegyptische Königstochter, 1864.) Tr. 1870.

THE ELIXIR, and other Tales. Tr. Mrs. E. H. Bell, 1890.

THE EMPEROR. Tr. 1882.

HOMO SUM. (1878.) Tr. 1878.

IN THE BLUE PIKE. Tr. M. J. Safford. [1896.]

IN THE FIRE OF THE FORGE. Tr. 1895.

MARGERY: Tale of Old Nuremberg. Tr. by C. Bell. 2 v. 1889.

ONLY A WORD. Tr. 1883.

PER ASPERA. Tr. C. Bell. 2 v. 1892.

SERAPIS. Tr. 1885.

THE STORY OF MY LIFE. Tr. M. J. Safford, 1893.

UARDA: a romance of Ancient Egypt. (1877.) Tr. 1877.

EMARE. Ed. Ritson; Gough, A. B.

OLD AND MIDDLE ENGLISH TEXTS, 1901.

ENGLISH ANTHOLOGIES. See Anthologies, General, etc.

EÖTVÖS, J. F. b. 1813, d. 1871. Hungarian novelist.

VILLAGE NOTARY. (1844-46.) Tr. 1850.

EPICTETUS. 1st century A.D. Stoic philosopher.

THE MANUELL OF EPICTETUS, translated out of Greeke into French, and now into English, conferred with two Latin translations. Hereunto are annexed annotations, and also the apothegms of the same author, by J. Sanford, 1567.

He left no written books, but his doctrines were recorded by his disciple Arrian, in eight books, four of which have come down to us.

EPICURUS. B.C. 342-270. Greek philosopher.

MORALS. Tr. John Digby, with an Essay by John Johnson, 1712.

EPICURUS MORALS. Tr. W. Charlton, 1656. [Collection].

ERASMUS, DESIDERIUS. b. 1466, d. 1536. Dutch scholar and philosopher.

APOPHTHEGMES. Tr. by N. Udall. [1542.]

A BOKE CALLED IN LATYN ENCHIRIDION MILITIS CHRISTIANI AND IN ENGLISH THE MANUELL OF THE CHRISTEN KNIGHT, replenished with most holsome precepts to ... the which is added a newe and mervaylous profytable preface. [This translation is attributed to Tyndale.] (1515.) 1533.

AN EXHORTATION; or FAMILIAR DISCOURSE OF D. ERASMUS.... Tr. [by W. Roy?] 1529.

LYFE OF SAYNT ERASMUS. Imp. by Julyan Notary. [1520.]

A LYTTLE BOOKE OF GOOD MANNERS FOR CHYLDREN. Tr. by R. Whytynton. 1522.

THE PARAPHRASE OF ERASMUS UPON THE NEW TESTAMENT. 1548.

THE PRAISE OF FOLIE. (Moriæ Encomium). (1509.) Englisshed by Sir T. Chaloner, 1549.

A PLAYNE AND GODLY EXPOSITION OR DECLARATIÕ OF THE CÕMUME CREDE (which in the Latyn tonge is called SYMBOLUM APOSTOLORUM) and OF THE X CÕMAUNDMENTES by GODDES LAW, newly made and put forth by the famouse clerke, Mayster E. of Roterdame, etc. [1533.]

PREPARATION TO DEATH, a boke as devout as eloquent. 1543.

A RYGHT FRUTEFULL EPYSTLE ... IN LAUDE AND PRAYSE OF MATRYMONY, translated in to Englishe by R. Tavenour, etc. [1530.]

Pre-eminent as a restorer of learning. He is considered the greatest wit and most eminent scholar of the age in which he lived, and one of the most conspicuous and successful of those who laboured to restore classical learning and sound philosophy.

ERCKMANN, EMIL. b. 1822, d. 1899. CHATRIAN, ALEX. 1826-90. French novelists.

THE BLOCKADE. Tr. 1869.

CONSCRIPT. Tr. 1865.

DOCTOR MATTHEUS. Tr. 1868.

MADAME THÉRÈSE (1863). Tr. 1868.

POLISH JEW. Tr. 1870.

STORY OF THE PLEBISCITE. Tr. 1872.

WATERLOO. Tr. 1865.

YEAR ONE OF THE REPUBLIC. Tr. [1873].

CITIZEN BONAPARTE. Tr. [1874].

ALSACIAN SCHOOLMASTER. Tr. [1872].

CONFESSIONS OF A CLARIONET PLAYER [Tr. 1874.]

THE BELLS. Tr. 1872.

THE WILD HUNTSMAN. Tr. [1877].

FRIEND FRITZ. Tr. [1873].

BRIGADIER FREDERIC. Tr. F. A. Malleson, 1875.

THE BROTHERS RANTZAU. 2v. Tr. [1873].

THE GREAT INVASION OF 1813-14. Tr. [1870].

WAR. Tr. H. L. Williams. [1872].

MAN OF THE PEOPLE. Tr. 1871.

STORY OF A PEASANT. Tr. [1871].

ESPINEL, VINCENT. b. 1544, d. 1634. Spanish poet and novelist.

THE HISTORY OF THE LIFE OF THE SQUIRE MARCOS DE OBREGON. Tr. into English from the Madrid Ed. 1618, by Major Algernon Langton. 2 v. 1618.

This novel is generally supposed to have served as a model for that of Gil Blas.

EUCLID. 3rd century B.C. Greek geometrician.

THE ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY [containing the xv. books] OF ... EUCLIDE ... now first translated into the Englishe Toung, by H. Billingsley. Whereunto are annexed certaine annotations of the best mathematiciens, etc. 1570.

[The first printed Greek text was published in Basle in 1533.]

EULENSPIEGEL.

A half-mythical German jester, said to have died in 1350. His name is perpetuated in a famous chap-book, once very popular with the peasantry of many nations, and containing many ludicrous stories. The book was probably written by Thomas Murner.

EULENSPIEGEL (TYLL OWLGLASS).

Here beginneth a merye Jest of a man that was called Howleglass and of many marveylous things and Jestes that he dyd in his lyfe, in Eastlande and in many other places. [1528].

'"Eulenspiegel": a series of amusing trickeries which are reflected in the English Robin Goodfellow'.

EURIPIDES. b. 480, d. 406 B.C. Greek tragic dramatist.

JOCASTA: a Tragedie, translated [from the Phoenissæ] and digested into Acte by G. Gascoygne and F. Kinwelmershe [1575].

JOCASTA. In a hundredth sundrie Flowers, etc. Tr. by Geo. Gascoigne [1572].

SELECT TRAGEDIES. Tr. [by G. James Bannister]. 1780.

THE TRAGEDIES OF EURIPIDES, translated [by R. Potter]. 1781-3.

Influenced Swinburne's 'Atalanta in Calydon', Milton's 'Samson Agonistes', Addison's 'Cato', Byron's 'Cain' and 'Manfred', and Shelley's 'Prometheus Unbound'.

EUTROPIUS, FLAVIUS. 364. Latin historian.

A BRIEFE CHRONICLE OF THE ROMAINE DE LA PUBLIQUE, etc., Englished by Nicholas Hawarde, 1564.

EXETER BOOK (CODEX EXONIENSIS).

'This book was presented to his Cathedral by Leofric, the first Bishop of Exeter, about the middle of the 11th century. It is preserved in the Cathedral Library at Exeter; the first leaves are missing, and the last leaves are injured. The hand-writing of the MS. belongs probably to the first half of the 11th century'.

Edited with Tr. by B. Thorpe, 1842. I. Gollancz, Poems i to viii, E.E.T.S., 1895.

Contents: 1, The Christ. 2, Guthlac. 3, Azarias. 4, Phœnix. 5, Juliana. 6, Wanderer. 7, Gifts of Men. 8, The Father's Teaching. 9, Seafarer. 10, Spirit of Men. 11, Widsid (The Singer's Wandering). 12, Fates of Men. 13, Gnomic Verses. 14, Wonders of Creation. 15, Rhyme Song. 16, Panther. 17, Whale. 18, Partridge. 19, Address of the Soul to the Body. 20, Deor. 21, Riddles, 1-60. 22, The Wife's Complaint. 23, The Last Judgement. 24, A Prayer. 25. Descent into Hell. 26, Alms. 27, Pharaoh. 28, Fragments of a Paternoster. 29, Fragments of a Didactic Poem. 30, Another form of Riddle, 31, Riddle 61. 31, The Husband's Message. 32, The Ruin. 33, Riddles 62-89.

FARINI, LUIGI CARLO. b. 1812, d. 1866. Italian Statesman.

THE ROMAN STATE FROM 1815-50. Vols. 1-3. Tr. W. E. Gladstone. Vol. 4., tr. by a Lady 1851-54.

FAUSTUS, DR., STORIES OF. 1587.

[1] THE HISTORIE OF THE DAMNABLE LIFE, AND DESERVED DEATH OF DOCTOR JOHN FAUSTUS. Newly Printed, and in convenient places imperfect matter amended. Tr. by P. F. Gent, etc. 1592.

THE SECOND REPORT OF DOCTOR JOHN FAUSTUS, CONTEANING HIS APPEARANCES AND THE DEEDS OF WAGNER. Tr. 1594.

[1] Of great interest as being the source of Marlowe's 'Dr. Faustus' (his greatest play). It is a translation from the German 'Faustbuch' published at Frankfort, 1587. 'The Second Report ... (a translation of the 'Wagnerbuch', 1593) is supposed to have been written by an English gentleman, student at Wittenberg.

FAVINE (FAVYN), ANDREW. French writer.

THE THEATER OF HONOUR AND KNIGHTHOOD: or A COMPENDIOUS CHRONICLE AND HISTOIRIE OF THE WHOLE CHRISTIAN WORLD, 2 v. Tr. 1623.

'This work, which is a translation of "Le Théâtre d'Honneur et de Chevalerie", comprises the most valuable treatise we have in English upon the foreign orders of knighthood; there are also discussions upon ceremonies, combats, precedence, etc., equally worthy the attention of the antiquary and historian'.—Sir M. M. Sykes.

FÉNELON, FRANÇOIS DE SALIGNAC DE LA MOTHE. b. 1651, d. 1715. French prelate and author.

THE ADVENTURES OF TELEMACHUS. (Télémaque, 1699.) Tr. 1703.

DEMONSTRATIONS OF THE EXISTENCE OF GOD DEDUCED FROM THE KNOWLEDGE OF NATURE (Traité sur l'Existence de Dieu.) Tr. 1754.

DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD. (Dialogues des Morts.) Tr. 1757.

DIALOGUES CONCERNING ELOQUENCE IN GENERAL. (Dialogues sur l'Eloquence.) Tr. with quotations and notes by W. Stevenson. 1722.

LIVES OF THE ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS ... illustrated with notes and preceded by a life of F. by John Cormack. 1803.

TREATISE ON THE EDUCATION OF DAUGHTERS. (De l'Education des Filles.) Tr. and adapted to English Readers, with an original Chapter on Religious Studies. By T. F. Dibdin, 1805.

FERUMBRAS. See Sir Ferumbras.

FEUILLET, OCTAVE. b. 1821, d. 1890. French litterateur.

A WOMAN'S DIARY AND THE LITTLE COUNTESS. Tr. 1881.

JOURNAL OF A WOMAN. Tr. [1885].

CAMORS; or, LIFE UNDER THE NEW EMPIRE. Tr. 1868.

THE DISGUISED NOBLEMAN. Tr. 1860.

HONOUR BEFORE WEALTH. A drama. Tr. [1850.]

A PARISIAN ROMANCE. A Play. Tr. 1883.

ROMANCE OF A POOR YOUNG MAN. Tr. 1888.

FEYJOO, REV. FATHER B. J. b. 1676, d. 1764. Spanish critic and moralist.

ESSAYS OR DISCOURSES (29). Tr. from the Spanish by ... (John Brett), 1777.

AN ESSAY ON THE LEARNING, GENIUS, AND ABILITIES OF THE FAIR SEX.... Tr. 1774.

THE HONOUR AND ADVANTAGE OF AGRICULTURE. Tr. 1764.

RULES FOR PRESERVING HEALTH. Tr. [1800].

FICHTE, JOHANN GOTTLIEB. b. 1762, d. 1814. German Philosopher.

THE DESTINATION OF MAN. Tr. by Mrs. P. Sinnett, 1846.

THE POPULAR WORKS OF J. G. F. Tr. ['The Vocation of the Scholar,' 'The Nature of the Scholar,' 'The Vocation of Man,' 'Characteristics of the Present Age,' 'The Way towards the Blessed Life', Etc.]. With a memoir of the author by W. Smith. 1848-49.

THE VOCATION OF MAN. Tr. by W. Smith, 1844.

FIRDUSI or FERDUSI (ABU KASIM MANSUR). b. 940, d. 1020. Persian poet.

THE POEMS OF FERDOSI. Tr. from the Persian by Joseph Champion, 1785.

SHAH NÁMA. Tr. and abridged by J. Atkinson, 1832.

Sir William Jones styles the 'Shah-námeh' 'a glorious monument of Eastern genius and learning, which ... will contest the merit of invention of Homer himself.'

FLAUBERT, GUSTAVE. b. 1821, d. 1880. French novelist.

BOUVARD AND PECUCHET. (1880.) Tr. 1896.

MADAME BOVARY. (Mœurs de province, 1857.) Tr. 1886.

SALAMMBÔ (1862). Tr. by M. French Sheldon [with an Introduction by E. King]. 1886.

THE TEMPTATION OF SAINT ANTHONY. Tr. D. F. Hannigan, 1895.

FLORIZ AND BLAUNCHEFLUR. Cir. 1250. Ed. J. R. Lumby, E.E.T.S., 1866.

Ed. Hartshorne. Laing, Abbotsford Club, 1857.

FLORUS, LUCIUS ANNÆUS. 2nd century. Roman historian.

ROMAN HISTORIES. Tr. [Edmund Bolton], 1618.

FONTENELLE, BERNARD LE BOUYER DE. b. 1657, d. 1757. French litterateur, mathematician and philosopher.

CONVERSATIONS ON THE PLURALITY OF WORLDS. Tr. [W. Gardiner]. 1715.

HISTORY OF ORACLES. Tr. 1688.

NEW DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD. Tr. 1692.

NORTHERN WORTHIES; or THE LIVES OF PETER THE GREAT.... Tr. 1730.

A PLURALITY OF WORLDS. Tr. Mr. Glanvil, 1695.

THE THEORY OR SYSTEM OF SEVERAL NEW INHABITED WORLDS.... Tr. Mrs. Behn, 1700.

DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD. Tr. J. Hughes, 1754.

THE PRIZE OF WISDOM. Tr. 1713.

FORTUNATUS. 15th century. German folk tales.

FORTUNATUS. THE RIGHT PLEASANT AND VARIABLE TRAGICAL HISTORY OF FORTUNATUS. Now first of all published in English by T. C. [Thomas Churchyard]. 1612.

'One of the best "people's" books (Volksbücher) ever written'. Thomas Dekker founded his 'Pleasant Comedie of Old Fortunatus' (1600) upon this work.

FOSCOLO, N. UGO. b. 1777, d. 1827. Italian poet.

ESSAY ON THE LOVE, THE POETRY AND CHARACTER OF PETRARCH, comprising numerous translations by the Author's Friends, Lady Barberina Dacre, and others. 1823.

NARRATIVE OF THE EVENTS ILLUSTRATING THE VICISSITUDES AND THE CESSION OF PARGA, AND THE IONIAN ISLANDS. Tr. 1820.

FOUQUÉ, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH KARL, BARON DE LA MOTTE. b. 1777, d. 1843. German poet and romance-writer.

AN ESSAY OF THREE TALES, i.e. The Cypress Crown, etc. Tr. 1820.

THE MAGIC RING. Tr. 1825.

MINSTREL LOVE. Tr. by G. Soane, 1821.

RED MANTLE. Tr. 1845.

SINTRAM AND HIS COMPANIONS. Tr. [by J. C. Hare]. 1820.

UNDINE; a romance. Tr. 1818.

FOUR SONS OF AYMON. 1490-91. By Caxton. Known and tr. as Renaud de Montauban, see p. 36. Ed. [Miss] O. Richardson. 2 pts. E.E.T.S. 1884.

FOX AND THE WOLF. Ed. T. Wright and Halliwell in their Reliqueae Antiquae, v. 1, 1841.

This is the first English poem connected with the animal saga.

Probably written during reign of Edward I and based on the Roman du Reynard.

FRANCE, ANATOLE. b. 1844. French poet, novelist and critic.

COMPLETE WORKS. Ed. F. Chapman. 1908.

1. THE RED LILY. Tr. W. Stephens, 1908.

2. MOTHER OF PEARL. Tr. T. Chapman, 1908.

3. GARDEN OF EPICURUS. Tr. A. Allinson, 1908.

4. CRIME OF SYLVESTRE BONNARD. Tr. L. Hearn, 1891.

FRANZOS, KARL EMIL. b. 1848. Austrian Jewish novelist.

THE JEWS OF BARNOW. Tr. M. W. Macdowall, 1882.

THE CHIEF JUSTICE. Tr. M. Corbet, 1890.

FOR THE RIGHT. Tr. 1887.

JUDITH TRACHTENBERG. Tr. Mrs. L. P. and C. T. Lewis, 1891.

FRENCH ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS. Poetical, Fairy Tales, Folk-Tales, and Traditional Literature.

AULNOY, MME. D' (= C'ess d'Anois). Ed. FAIRY TALES. Tr. by Miss Lee and A. Macdonald. 1891.

[The first English Tr. of all the twenty-four stories.]

AULNOY, MME. D'. FAIRY TALES. Tr. by J. R. Planché, 1855.

COSTELLO, LOUISA. SPECIMENS OF THE EARLY POETRY OF FRANCE, 1835.

See also under Oxenford, J.

MORRIS, WM. Tr. OLD FRENCH ROMANCES, done into English. 1896. ('The Tale of King Constans the Emperor', 'The Friendship of Amis and Amile', 'The Story of King Florus and the Fair Jehane', 'The History of Over Seas'.)

These four romances belong to the 13th century.

O'HAGAN, J. Tr. THE SONG OF ROLAND. 1882.

[The Chanson de Roland, tr. into English verse.]

OXENFORD, JOHN. THE ILLUSTRATED BOOK OF FRENCH SONGS. French-English. Tr. by J. O. 1855.

Contains most of the national songs and ballads of France, many of which have never been tr. before.

['Specimens of the Early Poetry of France' were added later by Louisa S. Costello.]

TAYLOR, TOM. Tr. BALLADS AND SONGS OF BRITTANY. 1865.

WAY, G. L. and G. ELLIS. Tr. FABLIAUX: or TALES FROM THE FRENCH, 3 v. 1796-1800.

ZIMMERN, HELEN. HALF HOURS WITH FRENCH NOVELISTS. 2 v. 1880.

FREYTAG, GUSTAV. b. 1816. d. 1895. German dramatist and novelist.

DEBIT AND CREDIT. (1855.) Tr. by Mrs. Malcolm, 1856.

THE LOST MANUSCRIPT. (Die Verlorne Handschrift, 1864.) 1865.

OUR FOREFATHERS. A novel. (1872.) Tr. 1873.

PICTURES OF GERMAN LIFE. 2 Ser. Tr. 1862-63.

The works of F. achieved a very wide popularity, and were translated into the principal modern languages.

FROISSART, JEAN. b. 1313, d. 1419. French historian and poet.

Here begynneth the First Volum of Sir J. Froissart: of the chronycles of Englande, Fraunce, Spayne, Portyngale, Scotlande, Bretayne, Flãunders: and other Places Adioynynge. Translated by J. Bouchier, Knight, Lord Berners, 1523-25.

Froissart's 'Chronicles' deals with the period between 1326-1400. It is mainly occupied with the affairs of France, England, Scotland and Flanders, and he also supplies much information in regard to Germany, Italy and Spain. The work has greatly influenced our literature.

FRONTINUS, SEXTUS JULIUS. b. 40, d. 106. Roman Statesman and tactician.

THE STRATEGEMS, SLEYGHTES, AND POLICIES OF WARRE. Tr. Rycharde Morysine, 1539.

FULK FITZ WARINE: The History of Fulk Fitz Warine, an outlawed baron in the reign of King John. (c. 1320.) Tr. by Thomas Wright, 1855.

'The French paraphrase probably, of an Anglo-Norman chanson de geste, composed late in the 13th century, traces of poetic diction being legible in the prose. As interesting, and almost as natural, as a modern novel; the historical characters forcibly sketched in'.

GAMELYN, Tale of. Ed. W. W. Skeat, 1893.

GARCILASCO DE LA VEGA. b. 1503, d. 1536. Spanish poet.

WORKS OF G. DE LA V., SURNAMED THE PRINCE OF CASTILIAN POETS. Tr. with a critical and historical Essay on Spanish Poetry and a life of the Author by J. H. Wiffen, 1823.

ISABEL ... WITH OTHER POEMS. Tr. [by R. Walpole]. 1805.

Acquired a wide and durable reputation by his pastoral and lyrical poems. Reformed, with Boscan, Spanish poetry by introducing the Italian measure, which forms an epoch in the literary history of Spain. G. has been styled the 'Spanish Petrarch'.

GARCILASCO DE LA VEGA. Surnamed 'The Inca'. b. 1530, d. 1568. Spanish historian.

He is esteemed for his fidelity and accuracy.

ROYAL COMMENTARIES OF PERU, in two Parts.... Rendered out of Spanish into English, by Sir P. Rycaut. Lond. 1688. (Commentarios Reales que tratan del Origen de los Incas. (1609).)

OBSERVATIONS OF THINGS MOST REMARKABLE, collected out of the first part of the Commentaries Royall.... The Supplement of the History of the Incas, briefely collected out of the Author's second part. Tr. 1625.

GAUTIER, THÉOPHILE. b. 1811, d. 1872. French poet, critic, and novelist.

CAPTAIN FRACASSE. Tr. 1888.

MDLLE. DE MAUPIN. Tr. 1887.

ROMANCE OF A MUMMY. 1886.

GELLIUS, AULUS. b. 117, d. 180. Latin grammarian and critic.

THE ATTIC NIGHTS. Tr. Rev. W. Beloe. 3 v. 1795.

GENERIDES. Cir. 1440. Ed. F. J. Furnival, Roxburghe Club, 1865.

Ed. A. Wright, E.E.T.S., lv., lxx. 1873.

GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH. b. 1100, d. 1154. British historian.

THE BRITISH HISTORY. Tr. With a large commentary by Aaron Thomson, 1718.

Historia Regum Brittaniæ, or Historia Britonum, based, as Geoffrey tells us, upon a very old book lent him by Archdeacon Walter (Galenius) of Oxford, probably a volume of Breton Legends. Geoffrey also drew from the older history of Nennius, but there still remains a large portion of his work which has not been traced beyond his own pen.

The 'Historia' is looked upon as an epoch-making book, owing to the impulse it gave to the literature of Romance. Legends afloat among the natives of Wales and Bretagne were now given a literary garb which rendered them sufficiently attractive to awaken the interest of the world in general, and the imagination of the mediæval poet was aroused by the chivalric glamour which the historian threw over his descriptions of Arthur's Court. It was a main source, but not the exclusive one of Arthurian legend, for independent of the fact that many characteristic features of the latter are not mentioned by him, there is evidence of Welsh fables being extant in the 12th century, which supplied material for later romances apart from Geoffrey's history.

This work is the fountain-head of medieval romance, the principal source of the legends of Merlin and Arthur, which were amplified by the romancers by material from Celtic tradition. Geoffrey's work is the basis of Wace's 'Roman de Brut' and of Layamon's 'Brut'.

GERMAN ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS. Poetical, Fairy Tales, Folk-Tales, and Traditional Literature.

AIKMAN, C. M. Tr. POEMS FROM THE GERMAN. 1892.

[BECKFORD, WM.]. POPULAR TALES OF THE GERMANS. 1791.

CARLYLE, THOS. Tr. GERMAN ROMANCES: specimens of the chief authors, with biographical and critical notices. 1827.

CARLYLE, THOS. TRANSLATIONS FROM MUSAEUS, TIECK AND RICHTER. 2 v. 1858.

CRAIGMYLE, ELIZ. Tr. GERMAN BALLADS. 1892.

[A good collection of popular German poetry.]

GILLIES, ROBERT P. GERMAN STORIES. Selected from the Works of Hoffman, De la Motte Fouqué, Pichler, Kruse and others, 3 v. 1826.

GRIMM, JAKOB, K. L. GERMAN POPULAR STORIES. Tr. from the 'Kinder- und Haus-Märchen' by Edgar Taylor, 1823-26.

HELLMAN, FRANCES. Tr. LYRICS AND BALLADS OF HEINE AND OTHER GERMAN POETS. 1892.

HOLCROFT RICHARD. TALES FROM THE GERMAN. 1826.

LEMON, MARK. Tr. LEGENDS OF NUMBER NIP. 1864.

OXENFORD, JOHN and C. A. FEILING. Tr. TALES FROM THE GERMAN, comprising specimens from the most celebrated authors. [1850.]

ROSCOE. THOS. GERMAN NOVELISTS. 4 v. 1826.

SANTINE, X. B. Ed. MYTHS OF THE RHINE. Tr. 1840.

'Gives a good sketch of primitive Teuton times, of the Druids, of Odinic worship, etc.'.

SOANE, GEORGE. SPECIMENS OF GERMAN ROMANCES. 3 v. 1826.

TAYLOR, W. HISTORIC SURVEY OF GERMAN POETRY, interspersed with various translations. 3 v. 1828-30.

WESTALL, W. Tr. TALES AND LEGENDS OF SAXONY AND LUSATIA. 1877.

GERVASE, MONK OF CANTERBURY. C. 1188.

Chronicle of the reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I. Ed. by Stubbs. v. 1-11. Rolls Ser. 1879-80.

GESTA ROMANORUM. C. 1440. A collection of tales from various sources, written in Latin. Was the storehouse of material for many famous writers.

English Tr. probably made in Henry VI's time. Printed by Wynkyn de Worde, 1510-15. Ed. 'Early English Versions' in E.E.T.S., 1899.

'A collection of Stories translated from the Latin at end of 13th century. Many are of Eastern origin, others are anecdotes of Roman history; but all are more or less transformed by the mediæval imagination and usually endowed with a Christian moral. Stories of the Virgin, beast fables, miracles, germs of Shakespeare's plots and La Fontaine's stories, are among the multifarious contents'.

GIANNONE, PIETRO. b. 1676, d. 1748. Italian historian.

HISTORY OF NAPLES.... Translated by Capt. James Ogilvie. 2 v. 1729-31.

GIRALDI, CINZIO GIAMBATTISTA. b. 1504, d. 1573. Italian dramatist and littérateur.

GLI HECATOMITI (or The Hundred Novels).

STORY OF THE MOOR OF VENICE. Tr. by G.B.G.C. 1795.

These stories enjoyed a wide vogue in France and England, and formed matter for the exploitation of every class of our Elizabethan dramatists or writers of fiction. They have a particular interest to students of English literature as having furnished, whether directly or indirectly, the plots of 'Measure for Measure', and 'Othello'. That of the latter is said to have reached Shakespeare through the French translation, while that of the former is probably to be traced to Wheatstone's 'Promos and Cassandra' (1578), an adaptation of Cinthio's story, and to his 'Heptameron' (1582), which contains a direct English translation. To Giraldi must be also attributed Beaumont and Fletcher's 'Custom of the Country'.