FIRST ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS (continued 2)

GIRALDUS DE BARRI (CAMBRENSIS). 12th cent.

WORKS. 7 v. Vols. i-iv. Ed. by J. S. Brewer; vols. v-vii. Ed. J. F. Dimock. Rolls Ser. 1861-77.

IRELAND AND WALES. Tr. Bohn Lbry. 1849.

HISTORICAL WORKS. Tr. and Ed. by T. Wright, Bohn Lbry. 1863.

GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG. b. 1749, d. 1832. 'The most illustrious name in German literature'.

AUTOBIOGRAPHY. Tr. by Parke Godwin, 1847.

CONVERSATIONS WITH ECKERMANN. Tr. by John Oxenford, 1850.

ESSAYS ON ART. Tr. by S. G. Wood. [1840.]

FAUSTUS, From the German of Goethe (1790). Tr. 1821.

FAUSTUS: from the German of Goethe [The greater part of the 1st trs. in verse and connected by a prose narrative.] Tr. 1821.

FAUST, a tragedy in two parts, rendered into English Verse (1790-1831). 1838.

GOETZ OF BERLICHINGEN WITH THE IRON HAND. An historical drama (1771). Tr. by Rose D'Aguilar, 1795.

HERMAN AND DOROTHEA: a Poem (1796-7). Tr. by Thos. Holcroft, 1801.

IPHIGENIA IN TAURIS (1779). Tr. by W. Taylor, 1793.

LYRICAL POEMS. Tr. by Edgar A. Bowring, 1853.

NOVELLE. Tr. 1837.

SHORT POEMS, (c. 1798.) Tr. 1823.

SORROWS OF WERTHER: a German Story. Tr. 1780.

STELLA: a drama. Tr. by B. Thompson, 1801.

THE TALE. Tr. by Thos. Carlyle, 1877.

THEORY OF COLOURS. Tr. by C. L. Eastlake, 1840.

TRAVELS IN ITALY. Tr. by A. J. Morrison, 1846.

WILHELM MEISTER'S APPRENTICESHIP: a novel (1777). Tr. by Thos. Carlyle, 1824.

WILHELM MEISTER'S TRAVELS (1821). Tr. by Thos. Carlyle, 1827.

'The influence of Goethe is not calculable. The effect of his Faust begins most clearly in Byron's "Manfred"'. He has influenced English ballad and lyrical poetry, as is seen in Scott and Coleridge.

'The influence of such a man must be vast. Byron and Shelley owned it and showed it. Carlyle, as stern a critic as ever played the pedagogue, is unmixed in his admiration for the man Goethe, who is to him divine. In his own country his "Werther", despite its frequent morbidness and its longueurs, determined the feeling of every sentimentalist. Outside that country his "Wilhelm Meister" has become almost a textbook in æsthetic philosophy'.

GOGOL, N. V. b. 1810, d. 1852. Russian writer.

TARAS BULBA, St. John's Eve. Tr. 1887.

COSSACK TALES. Tr. [1860].

HOME LIFE IN RUSSIA. Tr. 1854.

TCHITCHIKOFF'S JOURNEYS: OR, DEAD SOULS. Tr. J. F. Hapgood. 2 v. 1886.

THE INSPECTOR: A COMEDY. Tr. T. Hart-Davies, 1890.

GOLDONI, CARLO. b. 1707, d. 1793. Italian dramatist.

THE ACCOMPLISHED MAID: a comic opera. Tr. by E. Toms, 1767.

TWO COMEDIES: The Father of a Family, and Pamela. Tr. into English with the Italian original, 1757.

GONCOURT, JULES DE. b. 1830, d. 1870. EDMOND. b. 1822, d. 1896. French miscellaneous writers.

RENÉE MAUPERIN. Tr. 1888.

GERMINIE LACERTEUX. Tr. 1887.

GOTTHELF, J. Pseud. [Albert Bitzius].

ULRIC THE FARM SERVANT. Tr. J. Firth, 1886.

WEALTH AND WELFARE. Tr. 1866.

GREEK ANTHOLOGIES.

COLLECTIONS FROM THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY AND FROM THE PASTORAL, ELEGIAC AND DRAMATIC POETS OF GREECE. By R. Bland and others, 1813.

ANTHOLOGY. TRANSLATIONS FROM THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY, with Tales and miscellaneous poems by Bland and Merivale, 1806.

APPLETON, W. H. Ed. GREEK POETS IN ENGLISH VERSE, 1893.

[175 selections from the Greek poets.]

EDMONDS, E. M. Tr. GREEK LAYS, IDYLLS AND LEGENDS. 1886.

GARNETT, LUCY M. Tr. GREEK FOLK SONGS. 1885.

GELDART, REV. E. M. Tr. MODERN GREEK FOLKLORE. 1883.

PALEY, Dr. F. A. Tr. FRAGMENTS OF THE GREEK COMIC POETS. 1888.

NEAVES, LORD. Ed. GREEK ANTHOLOGY. 1874.

TOMLINSON, GRAHAM, R. SELECTIONS FROM THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY. 1889.

WITT, C. Tr. MYTHS OF HELLAS. 1883.

'Contains translation of several not generally met with'.

GRIMM, JAKOB L. C. b. 1785, d. 1863. German jurist and philologist; and Wilhelm C. b. 1786, d. 1859.

GERMAN POPULAR STORIES translated (by Edgar Taylor) from the Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, collected by Grimm from Oral tradition. [With Illustrations by George Cruikshank, 1823-26.]

See also under German Anthologies.

GRINGOIRE, PIERRE. b. 1478, d. 1544. French poet and dramatist.

THE CASTELL OF LABOUR. Tr. [by P. G.] [1506].

GROTIUS, HUGO DE (or HUIG VAN GROOT). b. 1583, d. 1645. Dutch jurist and theologian.

THE ILLUSTRIOUS HUGO GROTIUS OF THE LAW OF WARRE AND PEACE (De Jure Belli et Pacis, 1625): with annotations, III. Parts, and memorials of the author's life and death. [Translated by Clement Barksdale], 1654.

H. GROTIUS OF THE AUTHORITY OF THE HIGHEST POWERS ABOUT SACRED THINGS; or THE RIGHT OF THE STATE IN THE CHURCH. Wherein are contained many judicious discourses, etc. Put into English by C. B. Larksdale, 1651.

TRUE RELIGION EXPLAINED AND DEFENDED AGAINST YE ARCH ENEMIES THEREOF, etc. 1632.

TWO DISCOURSES. (1) Of God, and his providence. (2) Of Christ, His miracles and doctrine. [A translation 'De Veritate Religionis Christianæ', books 1 and 2.] With annotations and the author's life. By (C. Barksdale) (1627). 1653.

GUARINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA. b. 1538, d. 1612. Italian poet.

IL PASTOR FIDO: or THE FAITHFULL SHEPHEARD. [A pastoral in five acts and in verse.] (1585.) Tr. out of Italian [by Dymock]. 1602.

Suggested to Fletcher his 'Faithful Shepherdess'.

GUEVARA, ANTONIO DE. b. 1490, d. 1544. Spanish prelate and historian.

A CHRONICLE, CONTEYNING THE LIVES OF THE TEN EMPERORS OF ROME. Tr. ... by E. Hellowes, 1577.

DIALL OF PRINCES ... Englished out of the French by T. North ... also a fourth booke entituled 'The Favoured Countess'. 1557.

THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF A.G. Tr. by E. Hellowes [1574].

SPANISH LETTERS: HISTORICAL, SATYRICAL AND MORAL ... Tr. by Mr. Savage, 1697.

GOLDEN EPISTLES ... gathered ... 1577.

A LOOKING GLASS FOR THE COURT ... drawn into French by A. Alaygre; and out of French into English by Sir F. Briant, 1575.

THE MOUNT OF CALVARIE. Tr. 1595.

A DISPRAISE OF THE LIFE OF A COURTIER. Tr. by Sir F. Bryan, 1548.

GUICCIARDINI, FRANCESCO. b. 1483, d. 1540. Italian historian and diplomatist.

THE HISTORIE OF GUICCIARDINI (Storia d'Italia), conteining the Warres of Italie and other partes, etc. Reduced into English by G. Fenton, 1579.

GUIZOT, FRANÇOIS PIERRE GUILLAUME. b. 1787, d. 1874. French statesman and historian.

CORNEILLE AND HIS TIMES. Tr. 1852.

DEMOCRACY IN FRANCE. Tr. 1849.

ENGLISH REVOLUTION OF 1640. Tr. by W. HAZLITT, 1845.

ESSAY ON THE CHARACTER AND INFLUENCE OF WASHINGTON IN THE REVOLUTION OF THE U.S.A. Tr. [G. S. Hillard] 1840.

FRANCE UNDER LOUIS PHILIPPE. Tr. 1841-47.

GENERAL HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION IN EUROPE, FROM THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Tr. 1837.

HISTORY OF ENGLAND TO ACCESSION OF QUEEN VICTORIA. Tr. 3 v., 1877-80.

LAST DAYS OF THE REIGN OF LOUIS PHILIPPE. Tr. 1867.

LECTURES ON EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION. Tr. by P. M. Beckwith, 1837.

SHAKESPEARE AND HIS TIMES. Tr. 1852.

GUY OF WARWICK. Ed. Turnbull, Abbotsford Club, 1840.

Ed. E.E.T.S., 1883-91.

Very popular among the Elizabethans, and is referred to by Beaumont in his 'Knight of the Burning Pestle'. Quoted by Chaucer as celebrated in his time, and fragments are preserved in Garrick's Collection of Old Plays. It appeared in French in 1525.

HAFIZ (SHEMS-ED-DÍN MUHAMMED). b. 1300, d. 1388, or 9. Persian poet.

A SPECIMEN OF PERSIAN POETRY: or, ODES OF HAFIZ; with an English translation and Paraphrase. By John Richardson, 1774.

HALLER, ALBRECHT VON. b. 1708, d. 1777. Swiss physiologist, botanist and poet.

PHYSIOLOGY. Tr. Samuel Mihlis. 2 v. 1754.

FIRST LINES OF PHYSIOLOGY. Tr. 1779.

THE MODERATE MONARCHY; or, PRINCIPLES OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION.... Tr. 1849.

A DISSERTATION ON THE SENSIBLE AND IRRITABLE PARTS OF ANIMALS. Tr. 1755.

HAUFF, WILHELM. b. 1802, d. 1827. German novelist.

THE BANISHED; a Swabian historical tale. (Lichtenstein, 1826.) Tr. 1839.

CARAVAN, THE. Tr. [1862].

COLD HEART, THE. NOSE, THE DWARF. THE SEVERED HAND. Tr. 1844.

CONSTANT LOVER, THE. Tr. J. Nisbet, 1893.

FALSE PRINCE. THE KING OF THE SWANS. Tr. 1846.

JOSEPHINE, or THE BEGGAR OF THE PONT DES ARTS. Tr. 1844.

LITTLE GLASS MAN. Tr. 1893.

LONG NOSE, THE DWARF, AND OTHER TALES. Tr. 1881.

LICHTENSTEIN: or, THE SWABIAN LEAGUE. Tr. F. Woodley and W. Lander, 1846.

STORY OF A MANIKIN. Tr. 1845.

STORKS, THE. FALSE PRINCE. Tr. 1875.

SELECT POPULAR TALES. Tr. 1845.

MÄRCHEN. Tr. 1876.

TALES OF WONDER, or THE INN IN THE BLACK FOREST. 1861.

TALES. THE CARAVAN. THE SHEIK OF ALEXANDRIA. THE INN OF THE SPESSART. Tr. 1886.

THE WINE-GHOSTS OF BREMEN. (Phantasien im Bremer Rathskeller, 1827.) Tr. 1889.

HAVELOCK. Cir. 1280.

Ed. Prof. W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., 1868.

HAVELOCK THE DANE. The hero of an Anglo-Danish legend, which was 'rhymed by a Norman into French not many years after the first crusade, and afterwards retaken for the English by a native poet'. 'The earliest shape' says Morley, 'in which we have the story is that of a French romance, which was abridged by Geoffroi Gaimar'.

The French version and an English translation, found in the Bodleian, was published by Madden in 1828.

HEBREW TALES.

HURWITZ, HYMAN. HEBREW TALES, selected and Translated from the writings of the Ancient Hebrew Sages: to which is prefixed an Essay on the uninspired Literature of the Hebrews, 1826.

HEGEL, GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH. b. 1770, d. 1831. German philosopher.

HEGEL'S ÆSTHETICS. A critical exposition by J. S. Keaney, 1885.

LECTURES ON THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. 3 v. Tr. E. S. Haldane, 1892-96.

LECTURES ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY. Tr. by J. Sibree, 1852.

LECTURES ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION, TOGETHER WITH A WORK ON THE PROOFS OF THE EXISTENCE OF GOD.... Tr. E. B. Speirs and J. B. Sanderson. 3 v. 1895.

LOGIC OF HEGEL. (1812.) Tr. by W. Wallace, etc., 1874.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF ART ... by Hegel and C. L. Michelet. Tr. by W. Hastie, 1886. [Summary of] HEGEL'S PHILOSOPHY OF RIGHT. By T. C. Sanders, 1855.

HEINE, HEINRICH. b. 1800, d. 1856. German poet and author.

THE POEMS OF HEINE. Complete. Tr. in the original metres, with a sketch of Heine's life. By E. A. Bowring, 1858.

[Selections.] FOURTEEN POEMS ... from Heine. Tr. 1852.

THE ROMANTIC SCHOOL. Tr. S. L. Fleishman. 1882.

TRAVEL PICTURES. Tr. by F. Storr, 1846.

HELIODORUS. c. 3rd century A.D.

THEAGENES AND CHARICLEA (Æthiopica) written in Greeke by Heliodorus, no lesse wittie than pleasant. Englished by T. Underdoune, 1587.

[First printed in Greek at Basle, 1534.]

HENRY OF HUNTINGDON. d. 1155. English historian.

HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH (Historia Anglorum B.C. 55 A.D. 1154). Tr. by T. Forester, 1853.

HERACLITUS EPHESII. B.C. 500. Greek philosopher.

THE RIDDLES OF HERACLITUS AND DEMOCRITUS. Tr. 1598.

HERDER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED. b. 1744, d. 1803. German writer.

THE CID. Tr. 1828.

ORIENTAL DIALOGUES. Tr. 1801.

OUTLINES OF A PHILOSOPHY OF THE HISTORY OF MEN. Tr. by T. Churchill, 1800.

SPIRIT OF HEBREW POETRY. Tr. by J. Marsh, 1833.

HERODOTUS. b. 484, d. 424 B.C. Greek historian.

THE FAMOUS HYSTORY OF HERODOTUS. Conteyning the Discourse of Dyvers Countreys, etc. [Tr. by B. R. i.e. Barnaby Rich.] 1584.

HERTZ, HENRIK. b. 1798, d. 1870. Danish poet and dramatist.

KING RENE'S DAUGHTER. Tr. [Sir] Theodore Martin, 1850.

KING RENE'S DAUGHTER. A Lyric Drama. Tr. J. F. Chapman, 1845.

HESIOD. b. 735 B.C. Greek didactic poet.

THE GEORGICS OF HESIOD. Tr. by George Chapman, 1618.

WORKS AND DAYS. Tr. Geo. Chapman, 1618.

WORKS OF HESIOD. Tr. (in verse) by Mr. Cooke, 1728.

Hesiod was imitated by Virgil (Georgics). Served as model for Tusser's 'Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry', and Dyer and Green.

HEYSE, PAUL J. L. b. 1830. German poet and novelist.

BARBAROSSA AND OTHER TALES. Tr. L. C. S., 1867.

CHILDREN OF THE WORLD. [1873.] Tr. 1882.

THE DEAD LAKE. Tr. M. Wilson, 1867.

INCURABLE. Tr. Mrs. H. W. Eve, 1890.

THE LONELY ONES. Tr. 1870.

LA MARCHESA, etc. Tr. J. Philips, 1887.

ROMANCE OF A CANONESS. Tr. J. M. Percival, 1888.

TWO PRISONERS. Tr. 1893.

HIGDEN, RANULF. d. 1364. English monk.

POLYCHRONICON. From the creation to 1352, with the English. Tr. of John Trevisa, 1387 ... v. 1-2 Ed. by C. Babington; v. 3-9 Ed. by J. R. Lumby. Rolls Ser. 9 v. 1865-86.

[Printed by Caxton in 1482, with Caxton's continuation to 1460.]

HOFFMANN, ERNEST THEODOR WILHELM. b. 1776, d. 1822. German story-teller.

THE DEVIL'S ELIXIR. Tr. 1824.

THE ELEMENTARY SPIRIT [Tr. from 'Der Elementargeist', by J. Oxenford], 1844.

THE GOLDEN POT. Tr. by T. Carlyle, 1827.

MASTER FLEA. Tr. by G. [1880.]

THE SANDMAN. Tr. by J. Oxenford, 1844.

WEIRD TALES. Tr. by J. T. Bealby, 2v. 1885.

HOLINSHED, RALPH. d. 1580 (?). English annalist.

CHRONICLES OF ENGLANDE, SCOTLANDE, AND IRELAND, by Raphaell Holinshed, 2 v., 1577.

Modern historians have borrowed largely from him.

HOLY GRAIL. Cir. 1450. English tr. [from de Borron] by Lonelich, pts. i-iv., Ed. F. J. Furnivall. E.E.T.S., 1874-77.

ALLITERATIVE ROMANCE OF JOSEPH OF ARIMATHIE, OR THE HOLY GRAIL. Ed. J. R. Lumby. 1870.

Ed. Furnivall, F. J. Roxburghe Club, 1861-63.

A name given to the cup or vessel from which Christ drank the wine at the Last Supper. It was fabled to have been preserved by Joseph of Arimathæa. The 'quest of the graal' is the most fertile source of adventures to the Knights of the Round Table. See also under Arthur.

HOMER. b. c. 850 B.C. Greek Epic poet.

TEN BOOKS OF HOMER'S ILIADES, translated out of French, by A. Hall, 1581.

SEAVEN BOOKES OF THE ILIADES OF HOMER, PRINCE OF POETES, translated according to the Greeke Judgement of his best Commentaries. By Geo. Chapman, 1598.

THE STRANGE, WONDERFULL AND BLOODY BATTEL BETWEEN FROGS AND MICE.... Paraphrastically done into English Heroycall Verse by W. F(owldes), 1603.

HOMER, PRINCE OF POETS. Translated according to the Greeke in twelve Bookes of his Iliads by Geo. Chapman. [1610.]

THE WHOLE WORKS OF HOMER, PRINCE OF POETS, IN HIS ILIADES AND ODYSSES. Translated by Geo. Chapman. [1612.]

After the Bible, the works of Homer have had perhaps the most lasting influence upon our literature.

HORACE (QUINTUS HORATIUS FLACCUS). b. 65, d. 8 B.C. Latin lyric and satiric poet.

ALL THE ODES AND EPODES OF HORACE. Translated into English Verse by H. Rider, etc., 1638.

CERTAIN SELECTED ODES OF HORACE.... [by J. Ashmore], 1621.

HORACE, HIS ARTE OF POETRIE, EPISTLES, AND SATYRS. Tr. by T. Drant, 1567.

A MEDICINABLE MORALE, that is, the Two Bookes of Horace His Satires, Englished. The Wailyngs of the Prophet Hieremiah done into English verse. Also Epigrammes by T. Drant. 1566.

ODES [AND FOUR EPODES] OF HORACE.... selected and translated by S^r. T[homas] H[awkins]. 1625.

Influenced 'cavalier' poets of the 17th century, among whom was Herrick. His satiric verse largely influenced Pope in his 'Moral Essays' and 'Imitations of Horace', and Dryden in his satires. Jonson is an imitator of Horace in the way of poetical epistles and short lyrics.

HORN, KING. See King Horn.

HUCHOWN. Pystyl (Epistle) of Swete Susan. Ed. Armours, Scottish Allit. Verse, 1897.

See Morte Arthure, p. 107.

HUGO, VICTOR-MARIE. b. 1802, d. 1885. French lyric poet and novelist.

BY ORDER OF THE KING. (1869). Tr. [Mrs. A. C. Steele] 1870.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. Tr. D. Pyrke, 1865.

CHRIST AT THE VATICAN. Tr. G. Schlatter, 1875.

DRAMATIC WORKS OF VICTOR HUGO. Tr. by F. L. Slous and Mrs. N. Crosland, 1846.

HANS OF ICELAND. (1823.) Tr. 1825.

HERNANI. Tr. 1830.

HISTORY OF A CRIME. Tr. T. H. Joyce and A. Locker. 4 v. 1877-78.

THE HUNCH-BACK OF NOTRE-DAME. (1831.) Tr. with a sketch of the life and writings of the author by F. Schoberl, 1831.

JARGAL. Tr. C. E. Wilbour, 1866.

KING'S FOOL, THE. Tr. [H. T. Haley] 1842.

LAST DAY OF A CONDEMNED. Tr. G. W. M. Reynolds, 1840.

LAUGHING MAN. Tr. 1889.

LES ORIENTALES; or, 'EASTERN LYRICS'. Fr. and Eng. versions, by J. N. Fazakerley, 1879.

LES MISÉRABLES. (1862.) Tr. by Sir F. C. L. Wroxall, 1862.

LUCRETIA BORGIA. Tr. W. T. Haley, 1842.

NAPOLEON THE LITTLE. Tr. 1852.

NINETY-THREE. (1872.) Tr. F. L. Benedict and J. H. Friswell. 3 v. 1874.

NOBLE RIVAL; or, THE PRINCE OF THE CONGO. [A Tr. of the Bug-Jargal]. [1845.]

NOTRE DAME DE PARIS. (1831.) Tr. W. Hazlitt. 3 v. 1833.

MEMOIRS OF V. H. Tr. J. W. Harding, 1899.

POLITICAL POEMS. Tr. E[dwin] A[rnold]. 1868.

RUY BLAS; a dramatic drama. Adapted by E. O'Rouke, 1850.

SELECTIONS, CHIEFLY LYRICAL, FROM THE POETICAL WORKS OF VICTOR HUGO. Tr. by various authors, now first collected by H. L. Williams. 1846.

SLAVE-KING, THE, from the Bug-Jargal of V. H. Tr. 1833.

SONGS OF TWILIGHT. Tr. G. W. M. Reynolds. 1836.

THINGS SEEN. Tr. 2 v. 1887.

TOILERS OF THE SEA. (1866). Tr. W. M. Thomas. 3 v. 1866.

UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH.... (1826-34.) Tr. Sir G. Campbell. [1886.]

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. Tr. 1864. [An Essay on his works.]

HUMBOLDT, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH A., BARON VON. b. 1769, d. 1859. German scientist and traveller.

AN ACCOUNT OF THE CINCHONA FORESTS OF SOUTH AMERICA. Tr. 1821.

COSMOS (1845-8). Tr. by Prichard, 1845-8 [2 vols. only. Discontinued].

COSMOS. Tr. by Mrs. Sabine, 1845-6. 4 vols.

OBSERVATIONS AND TRIGONOMETRICAL AND BAROMETRICAL MEASUREMENTS. Tr. by J. Black, 1811-12.

POLITICAL ESSAY ON THE KINGDOM OF NEW SPAIN ... with physical sections and maps. Tr. by J. Black, 1811.

HUNGARIAN ANTHOLOGIES. See Austrian.

HUON OF BORDEAUX.

Here begynneth the Boke of duke Huon of Bordeuxe, and of them that issuyd fro hym. (Tr. by Sir John Bourchier, Lord Berners.) 1534.

Also under Charlemagne.

HUON OF BURDEUX. Done into English by Lord Berners. Ed. S. L. Lee, pts. I-III. E.E.T.S. 1882-87.

HUSS (or HUS), JOHN. b. 1369, d. 1415. Celebrated reformer of the Church.

A SEASONABLE VINDICATION OF THE SUPREAM AUTHORITY AND JURISDICTION OF CHRISTIAN KINGS, LORDS, PARLIAMENTS AS WELL AS OVER POSSESSIONS, ETC. Transcribed out of the printed works of John Huss and Mr. John Fox his Acts and Monuments, by W. Prynne, 1660.

IBSEN, HENRIK. b. 1828, d. 1907. Norwegian poet and dramatist.

BRAND (1866). Tr. by Wm. Wilson, 1891.

A DOLL'S HOUSE (Et Dukkehjem, 1879). Tr. by Wm. Archer, 1879.

[Also as 'Nora.' Tr. by T. Weber, 1880.]

THE EMPEROR AND THE GALILEAN. (1873.) A drama in two parts. Tr. by C. Ray, 1876.

AN ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE (En Folkefiende, 1882). Tr. by Mrs. E. Marx-Aveling, 1888.

GHOSTS (Gengangere, 1881). Tr. 1888.

HEDDA GABLER. Tr. by Edmund Gosse, 1891.

JOHN GABRIEL BORKMAN. Tr. by Wm. Archer, 1897.

THE LADY FROM THE SEA (1888). Tr. by Mrs. E. Marx-Aveling, 1889.

THE LEAGUE OF YOUTH (De Unges Forbund, 1869). Tr. by Wm. Archer, 1890.

LITTLE EYOLF. Tr. W. Archer, 1894.

LOVE'S COMEDY. Tr. C. H. Herford, 1900.

THE MASTER BUILDER (Bygmester Solness, 1892). Tr. by Edmund Gosse and Wm. Archer, 1893.

NORA. Tr. T. Weber, 1880.

PEER GYNT. Trs. by Wm. and Charles Archer, 1892.

THE PILLARS OF SOCIETY (Samfundets Stötter). Tr. 1888.

ROSMERSHOLM. Tr. L. N. Parker, 1889.

WHEN WE DEAD AWAKEN. Tr. W. Archer, 1900.

THE WILD DUCK (Vildanen, 1884). Tr. by Mrs. F. Archer [1890].

TRANSLATIONS FROM THE NORSE (from Ibsen and Dass), by A.B.S.S. (member of the British Scandinavian Soc.). [1879.]

INDIAN: HINDU ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS, Poetical, Fairy Tales, Folk-Tales and Traditional Literature.

AMARYAN [= F. F. Arbuthnot]. Tr. EARLY IDEAS: a group of Hindu Stories, 1881.

[Short selections from Bidpai, Pancha-Tantra, Hitopadesa, Kathasarit sagara, etc.]

ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN. Tr. INDIAN POETRY. 1881.

[Contains Indian 'Song of Songs' [Gita-Govinda], two books of the Mahabahrata, and other Oriental poems.]

BURTON, SIR R. F. Tr. VIKRAM AND THE VAMPIRE: TALES OF HINDU DEVILRY. 1870.

DAY, REV. L. B. Tr. FOLK TALES OF BENGAL, 1883.

DUTT, ROMESH C. Tr. LAYS OF ANCIENT INDIA, 1894.

EASTWICK, E. B. Tr. Baital Pachisi. Text and Tr. 1855.

FORBES, D. Tr. BAGH-O-BAHAR. ['Tales of the Four Darweshes']. 1851.

FRERE, M. Tr. OLD DECCAN DAYS: OR, OLD FAIRY LEGENDS, 1868.

GOVER, C. E. Tr. FOLK-SONGS OF SOUTHERN INDIA, 1872.

GRAY, JAMES. Tr. ANCIENT PROVERBS AND MAXIMS FROM BURMA. (Oriental Ser.) 1887.

GRIFFITH, RALPH T. H. Tr. THE HYMNS OF THE RIG-VEDA, 4 v., 1889-92.

JACOBS, JOS. Ed. INDIAN FAIRY TALES, 1892.

[Contains useful analytic and comparative notes.]

KINGSCOTE, MRS. H. and N. SASTRI. Tr. TALES OF THE SUN, OR FOLK-LORE OF SOUTHERN INDIA, 1890.

KNOWLES, J. H. Tr. FOLK-TALES OF BENGAL, 1868.

[Fairy tales of South India.]

KNOWLES, J. H. Tr. FOLK-TALES OF KASHMIR, 1888.

MATHEWS, CORNELIUS. Tr. INDIAN FAIRY BOOK. From the original legends, 1869.

MÜLLER, F. MAX. Ed. Tr. HITOPADESA. 1864-65.

NATÊSA SÂSTRÎ, P. Tr. FOLKLORE OF SOUTHERN INDIA, 3 pts. in 1 v. [1890].

[Trs. of twenty-four Tamil Popular Tales.]

RAJU RAMASWANI. Tr. INDIAN FABLES. 1888.

RAVERTY, H. Tr. THE POETRY OF THE AFGHANS. 1863.

SCHIEFNER, A. Tibetan Tales derived from Indian sources. Tr. W. R. S. Ralston, 1882.

STOKES, MAIVE. Tr. INDIAN FAIRY TALES, 1869.

SWYNNERTON, CHAS. Tr. INDIAN NIGHT'S ENTERTAINMENTS, 1893.

[A collection of eighty-five folk-tales from the Upper Indus.]

TEMPLE, R. C. LEGENDS OF THE PUNJAB, 2 v., 1884-5.

WILLIAMS, SIR MONIER. Tr. INDIAN WISDOM, 1875.

[Forms a compendious and very interesting summary of Sansk. literature.]

WILSON, H. H. Tr. SELECT SPECIMENS OF THE THEATRE OF THE HINDUS, 2 v., 1835.

ISAEUS. 5th century B.C. Greek orator.

The Speeches of Isaeus in causes concerning the Laws of Succession to Property at Athens.... Tr. Sir W. Jones, 1779.

ISLA, J. FATHER. b. 1703, d. 1781. Spanish author.

HISTORY OF THE FAMOUS PREACHER, FRIAR GERUND DE CAMPANZAS. [1758.] Tr. by [Thomas Nugent], 1772.

'The best picture of Spanish manners of the 18th century'.

ISOCRATES. b. B.C. 436, d. 338. Greek orator.

The Orations (21) and Epistles (9) of Isocrates. Tr. by Jos. Dinsdale. Revised by Rev. Mr. Young. 1752.

THE DOCTRINE OF PRINCES.... Tr. Syr Thomas Eliot. [1534.]

A PERFITE LOOKING GLASSE FOR ALL ESTATES AS CONTAINED IN THREE ORATIONS OF MORALL INSTRUCTIONS. Tr. [Tho. Forrest] 1580.

THE GOOD ADMONISHION OF THE SAGE ISOCRATES TO YOUNG DEMONICUS. Tr. R. Nuttall, 1585.

ARCHIDAMUS, or THE COUNCELL OF WARRE, being 2,000 years old. Tr. T. Barnes, 1624.

ISUMBRAS. See Sir Isumbras.

ITALIAN ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS.

CRANE, THOS. FREDERICK. ITALIAN POPULAR TALES, 1885.

[An admirable collection, with bibliography.]

BUSK, R. H. Tr. THE FOLK SONGS OF ITALY, with contributions by Comparetti, 1886.

PAINTER, WILLIAM. 1540-94. PALACE OF PLEASURE. Tr. 1566-67. Stories translated from Boccaccio, Bandello, Ser Giovanni, Straparola, Guevara, Marguerite of Navarre, etc. The Elizabethan dramatists quarried many of their plots here, e.g. 'Romeo and Juliet', 'All's Well that Ends Well', and 'Measure for Measure', were founded on these stories.

ROSCOE, THOS. ITALIAN NOVELISTS, 4 v., 1825. ITALIAN TALES, 1824.

Selections from the Novelle Antiche, Boccaccio, Sacchetti, Ser Giovanni Fiorentino, Massuccio, Sabadino degli Arienti, Sozzini, Agnolo Firenzuola, Gentile Sermini, Giovanni Brevio, Girolamo Parabosco, Giovambattista Giraldi Cinthio, Anton-Francesco, Grazzini, Ortensio Lands, Straparola, Bandello, Sansovino, Anton-Francesco Doni, Erizzo, Ascanio Mori da Ceno, Malespini, Maiolino, Bisaccioni, Colombo, Bargagli, Bottari, Capacelli, Soave, Altanesi, Magalotti, Lodoli, Maria Manni, Girolamo, Padovani Luigi Sanvitale, Carlo Gozzi, Luigi Bramieri, Robustiano Gironi.

STRETTELL, ALMA. Tr. SPANISH AND ITALIAN FOLK SONGS. 1837.

JAPANESE ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS. Poetical, Fairy Tales, Folk-Tales and Traditional Literature.

GRIFFIS, WM. E. Tr. JAPANESE FAIRY WORLD. Stories from the Wonder-lore of Japan, 1887.

CHAMBERLAIN, B. H. THE CLASSICAL POETRY OF THE JAPANESE, 1880.

DICKENS, F. V. Tr. THE OLD-BAMBOO-HEWER'S STORY, 1888.

[The earliest of the Japanese romances, written in the 10th cent.]

DICKENS, F. V. HYAK NIN FS'SHIM, 1866.

[Selections of Japanese odes, with trs. and notes.]

JAPANESE FAIRY TALES. Tr. 1888.

MITFORD, ALGERNON B. F. Tr. TALES OF OLD JAPAN, 1871.

JEAN D'ARRAS, or JEHAN. 1360. French novelist.

MELUSINE, 1382-1394. Tr. A. K. Donald, E.E.T.S., 1895.

English version in prose is of cir. 1500.

JOINVILLE, JEAN DE. b. 1224, d. 1319. French chronicler.

MEMOIRS OF JOHN LORD DE JOINVILLE ... containing a history of part of the life of Louis IX.... Tr. F. Johnes. 2 v. 1807.

JOKAI, MAURUS. b. 1825, d. 1904. Hungarian novelist and dramatist.

BLACK DIAMONDS (1870). Tr. 1896.

DEBTS OF HONOUR. Tr. by A. B. Yollond, 1900.

DOCTOR DUMANY'S WIFE. Tr. 1891.

EYES LIKE THE SEA. (1890.) Tr. R. N. Bain, 1893.

GREEN BOOK; FREEDOM UNDER THE SNOW. Tr. 1897.

HALIL THE PEDLAR. A fehér rozsa (1854). Tr. 1901.

HUNGARIAN NABOB (1856). Tr. 1898.

LION OF JANINA (1852). 1897.

MIDST THE WILD CARPATHIANS. Tr. 1894.

NAMELESS CASTLE. Tr. 1898.

PRETTY MICHAL (1877). Tr. 1892.

TIMAR'S TWO WORLDS. Tr. 1880.

TOWER OF DAGO. Tr. 1899.

JOLYOT DE CRÉBILLON (CLAUDE PROSPER). See Crébillon.

JOSEPH OF ARIMATHIE. Alliterative Romance of, or Holy Grail: Ed. Prf. W. W. Skeat, 1871.

See also under Holy Grail.

JOSEPHUS, FLAVIUS. b. 37, d. 95. Jewish historian.

THE FAMOUS ... WORKES OF JOSEPHUS. Tr. by T. Lodge, 1602.

HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS. Tr. by Thos. Lodge, 1602.

JOUBERT, JOSEPH. b. 1754, d. 1824. French pensée writer.

PENSÉES OF JOUBERT. Tr. H. Attwell, 1877. (Edited by Châteaubriand.)

JULIAN. b. 331, d. 363. Roman Emperor.

SELECT WORKS OF THE EMPEROR JULIAN AND SOME PIECES OF THE SOPHIST LIBANIUS. 2 v. Tr. 1784.

TWO ORATIONS OF THE EMPEROR J., ONE OF THE SUN, AND THE OTHER OF THE MOTHER OF THE GODS. Tr. [T. Taylor] 1793.

THE ARGUMENTS OF THE EMPEROR JULIAN AGAINST THE CHRISTIANS. Tr. T. Taylor, 1809.

JUSTINIAN. b. 483, d. 565. Emperor of the east.

JUSTINIAN. Englished by Sir Henry Holcroft, 1653.

This work is based upon that of Gaius, and is familiar to lawyers under the name of Justinian's Institutes.

JUVENAL (DECIMUS JUNIUS JUVENALIS). b. 55 A.D. Latin satiric poet.

FIFTH SATYR. Tr. by Geo. Chapman, 1629.

FIRST SIX SATYRS. Tr. by R. Stapylton, 1644.

A PARAPHRASTICAL TRANSCRIPT OF JUVENAL'S TENTH SATYRE, TOGETHER WITH THE TRAGICAL NARRATION OF VIRGINIA'S DEATH, interserted by W. B. (arkstead), 1617.

THE SATIRES OF D. J. JUVENALIS.... Tr. ... by Mr. Dryden, 1693.

SIXTEEN SATYRS, OR A SURVEY OF THE MANNERS AND ACTIONS OF MANKIND. Tr. in verse by Sir R. Stapylton, 1647.

TWO FIRST SATYRS OF JUVENAL. Tr. by John Biddle, 1634.

Influenced Johnson in 'London' and 'Vanity of Human Wishes.' It is Juvenal and Horace who have served as models for Dryden and Pope for Hall and Butler, and for Byron in his 'English Bards and Scotch Reviewers'. Churchill's Satires are Juvenal's in spirit throughout.

KÁLIDÁSA. B.C. 50 (?). Hindu poet. 'The Shakespeare of India'.

BIRTH OF THE WAR GOD. A poem by K. Tr. by R. T. H. Griffith, 1853.

KÁLIDÁSA'S SAKUNTALA. Translated by Sir Wm. Jones, 1789.

KÁLIDÁSA'S MEGHADUTA. THE MEGHADUTA: OR, CLOUD MESSENGER.... Tr. by H. H. Wilson, 1813.

KÁLIDÁSA'S NALODAYA: OR, HISTORY OF KING NALA. Tr. by W. Yates, 1844.

SAKOONATALÂ. Tr. by Monier Williams, 1854.

VIKRAMORVASI. Tr. by E. B. Cowell, 1850.

In this version the metrical portions of the original play were for the first time rendered into English verse.

KAMPE, J. H. German writer.

SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON. Tr. H. B. Paull, 1888.

THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. Tr. 1799-1800. [For children.]

ELEMENTARY DIALOGUES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF CHILDREN. Tr. Mr. Seymour. 1792.

THE NEW ROBINSON CRUSOE. Tr. 4 v., 1788.

ROBINSON THE YOUNGER; or, THE NEW CRUSOE. Tr. [R. Hick] 1855.

CORTES: or, THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. Tr. 1800.

LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF ROBINSON CRUSOE. Tr. [1815?].

KANT, IMMANUEL. b. 1724, d. 1804. German philosopher. One of the profoundest meta-physicians that have ever lived. Founder of the Critical (popularly known as the Transcendental) school of philosophy.

CRITICK; an Investigation of Pure Reason (1788). Tr. by Haywood, with notes, 1838.

ELEMENTS OF THE CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY, containing a concise account of its origin and tendency; a view of the Works by its Founder, and a Glossary, with three Essays by J. C. Adelung. Tr. by A. F. M. Willich, 1798.

ENQUIRY INTO THE PROOFS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD, AND INTO THE THEODICY. Tr. by J. Richardson, 1819.

ESSAYS AND TREATISES ON MORAL, POLITICAL, AND VARIOUS PHILOSOPHICAL SUBJECTS. From the German. Tr. by William Richardson, 1798-9.

LOGIC. Tr. by J. Richardson, 1819.

METAPHYSICS OF MORALS. Tr. 1799.

PROLEGOMENA TO EVERY FUTURE METAPHYSIC. Tr. by J. Richardson, 1819.

RELIGION WITHIN THE BOUNDARY OF PURE REASON. Tr. by Semple, 1838.

The works of K. have had a very great effect upon English philosophy and thought. For an excellent popular notice of the influence exerted by Kant's philosophy the reader is referred to De Quincey's chapter on German literature in the volume of his works entitled 'Life and Manners'. Many interesting observations will also be found in Madame de Staël's 'Germany', Part III, Chap. VI.

KEMPIS, THOMAS À. b. 1379, d. 1471. German ascetic writer.

A DEVOUT AND GOSTELY TREATISE OF YA IMYTACION AND FOLOWYNGE OF CRYST (1415-24), compiled in Latin by J. Jerson. Tr. by Wyllyam Atkynson, 1502.

KIELLAND, A. L. b. 1849. Norwegian Author.

GARMAN AND WORSE. Tr. W. W. Kettlewell, 1884.

SKIPPER WORSE. Tr. Earl of Ducie, 1885.

NORSE TALES AND SKETCHES. Tr. R. L. Cassie, 1896.

TALES OF TWO COUNTRIES. Tr. W. Archer, 1891.

KING HORN. C. 1230-40.

Ed. Bannatyne Club, 1845.

Ed. Lumby, J. R., and G. H. McKnight, E.E.T.S. xiv. 1866.

King Horn belongs to the Anglo-Danish cycle of romance, with also Guy of Warwick, and Colbrond the Dane.

KISFALUDY, SANDOR (ALEXANDER). b. 1772, d. 1844. Hungarian dramatist.

ILKA, THE CAPTIVE MAIDEN AND OTHER STORIES. [Adapted from the Hungarian of K. K. and others, by S. G.] 1892.

KLOPSTOCK, FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB. b. 1724, d. 1803. German poet.

THE MESSIAH, A POEM. xiv. books. Tr. into English prose by Mrs. and Mr. J. Collyer, 1763.

KNIGHT OF THE SWANNE, HISTORY OF HELYAS. Tr. 1512.

From French prose romance, printed 1504. Legend very old. Chevelere Assigne, an alliterative poem from a French romance of 30,000 verses.

See also p. 37.

KORAN, or ALKORAN.

The sacred book of the Mohammedans, written about A.D. 610 by Mohammed, and published about 634 by his successor, Abu Bekr. Its contents are believed by Mohammedans to have been communicated to Mohammed by the Angel Gabriel during a period of twenty-three years. The book was first translated by George Sale in 1734.

A LYTELL TREATYSE OF THE TURKES LAWES CALLED ALCORAN; AND ALSO IT SPEAKS OF MAHOMET THE NYGROMANCER. Pr. W. de Worde. n.d.

ALCORAN OF MAHOMET. (By Alex. Ross.) 1642.

KÖRNER, KARL T. b. 1791, d. 1813. German poet.

HARP, THE. Tr. 1826.

HEDWIG; or, LOVE AND GRATITUDE. A drama. Tr. Mrs. B. Davenay, 1878.

LIFE AND SELECTIONS FROM HIS POEMS, TALES AND DRAMAS. Tr. Richardson, 1827.

LYRE AND THE SWORD. (1814.) Tr. 1834.

ROSAMOND. (1812.) Tr. 1830.

SONGS AND BALLADS. Tr. of Uhland, Körner, Bürger, etc. Tr. 1838.

WOLDEMAR. Tr. 1805.

KRILOFF, I. A. b. 1768, d. 1844. Russian poet.

KRILOFF AND HIS FABLES. Tr. W. R. S. Ralston, 1869.

LA BRUYÈRE, JEAN DE. b. 1639, d. 1696. French writer and moralist.

THE MORAL CHARACTERS OF THEOPHRASTUS (1684). Tr. 1713.

'The Greek writer [Theophrastus] ... has been incomparably surpassed by his imitator'.—Hallam.

LA CALPRENÈDE. See COSTES.

LA FAYETTE, DE. Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gilbert Motier. b. 1634, d. 1693. French authoress.

PRINCESS OF CLEVES.... Written ... by the greatest wits of France, 1688.

PRINCESS OF MONTPENSIER, 1666.

ZAYDE [1670]; a Spanish History. Written by Monsieur Segrais [and the Countess de La Fayette], 1678.

Her 'Zayde' and the 'Princess of Cleves' were the first French works of fiction that truly represented the manners of the upper classes. Her style was very closely followed by Richardson in 'Clarissa Harlowe'.

LA FONTAINE, JEAN DE. b. 1621, d. 1695. French fabulist and writer of 'Contes'.

FABLES AND TALES IN FRENCH AND ENGLISH, now first translated, with the Author's life (1668). 1734.

'It was primarily along the Greek channel that the fables were derived, if not all the matter, at least the inspiration; for the fables of La Fontaine, and the English fables of Gay, together with all the collection which have been printed, were all taken from the Greek'.

Dryden, Gay and Prior were all greatly influenced by the works of La Fontaine.

LAI LE FREINE. From the French of Marie de France. Cir. 14th century.

Ed. Weber, Metrical Romances, 1810.

LAMARTINE, ALPHONSE DE. b. 1792, d. 1869. French poet, orator and historian.

HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848. Tr. 1846.

HISTORY OF THE GIRONDISTS, OR PERSONAL MEMOIRS OF THE PATRIOTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1840). Tr. by H. T. Ryde, 1847.

HISTORY OF THE RESTORATION OF MONARCHY IN FRANCE. Tr. by Captn. Rafter, 1851-3.

POETICAL MEDITATIONS AND RELIGIOUS HARMONIES (1820). Tr. by the Rev. W. Pulling, with a biographical sketch, 1849.

RAPHAEL, OR PAGES OF THE BOOK OF LIFE AT TWENTY. Tr. 1849.

LAMENNAIS, FÉLICITÉ ROBERT DE. b. 1782, d. 1854. French theologian and journalist.

ESSAY ON INDIFFERENCE TO RELIGION. 4 v. (1817-23.) Tr. Lord Stanley of A., 1895.

WORDS OF A BELIEVER. Tr. 1834.

MODERN SLAVERY. Tr. W. J. Linton, 1840.

THE BOOK OF THE PEOPLE. Tr. J. H. Lorymer, 1838.

THE LAMENT OF DEOR, or, The Minstrel's Consolation. Ed. Tr. from Cook and Tinker's Select Tr. from English Poetry, 1902.

LANCELOT OF THE LAIK. Cir. 1500. Ed. Prf. W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., 1865.

Ed. Stevenson, Maitland Club, 1839.

See also Weston, J. L. Legend of Sir Lancelot du Lac. Studies upon its Origin, Development and Position in the Arthurian Cycle, 1901.

LAND OF COCKAIGNE [13th century].

Ed. F. J. Furnival—in his Early English Poems and Lives of Saints, 1862.

A satire on the corruptions of the Condt, painting a 'Land of the Kitchen', a fool's paradise.

LANGLAND, WILLIAM (OR LANGLEY).

BOOK OF PIERS PLOWMAN, 1362-1377. Ed. Skeat, in its three forms. E.E.T.S. 1867-69-73.

RICHARD THE REDELESS. Ed. Skeat. E.E.T.S., 1873.

'The Vision of Piers Plowman' is a satire directed against the vices of the Clergy and other professions.

LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, FRANÇOIS, DUC DE. b. 1613, d. 1680. French maxim-writer.

MORAL MAXIMS AND REFLECTIONS (1665) ... now made English, 1694.

LASCO DE LA VEGA, See Garcilasco de la Vega, Surnamed 'The Inca'.

LA TOUR LANDRY. Ab. 1440. Ed. T. Wright. 1868.

LAWS OF INE (King of West Saxons, 688-726).

THE EARLIEST LAWS OF WESSEX. Reissued by King Alfred. Ed., B. Thorpe, 'Ancient Laws and Institutes of England', text and tr., 1840.

LAYAMON. 1200. English priest.

LAYAMON'S BRUT, OR CHRONICLE OF BRITAIN: a poetical semi-Saxon paraphrase of the Brut of Wace. [With a tr.] Ed. by F. Madden, 3 v., 1847.

This work is important as the principal literary monument in the English language of that period.

The poet 'thrummed' three books into one in his work, namely, Wace's 'Geste des Bretons' (1155), his chief source, Baeda's work in his own Latin, and Alfred's translation of the same. The author has the distinction of being the first to commemorate King Arthur in English verse.

LAZARILLO DE TORMES. [1554.]

THE PLEASAUNT HISTORIE OF LAZARILLO DE TORMES, A SPANIARDE ... draune out of Spanish by David Rowland ... 1586.

'This little work may be thought by some of a low and trifling nature: but it is the first of a race of comic romances. For wit, spirit and inexhaustible resources ... there is nothing like the Spanish rogue'.

'The first novela picaresca, or rogue story'. The appearance of this work (1554) marks the date at which such stories first took shape as a distinct branch of the novel, to be known as the 'picaroon' or 'picaresque'. From that time, for nearly a century, the 'Novelas de Picaros' are a chief product of Spanish writing. Chief among the progeny of 'Lazarillo' are 'Guzman de Alfarache' (1599), a sequel to 'L' itself by Luma (1620), and 'The Life of Buscon' by Quevedo (1626). All these were quickly translated into English. In England the effect of the picaresque novel first appears in the 'Jack Wilton' of Nash. In France the type passed through the hands of Scarron and Le Sage, whose 'Diable Boiteau' and 'Gil Blas' were destined to eclipse the fame of the Spanish originals. From the examples of France this species broke out in England with the 'Moll Flanders' and 'Colonel Jack' of Defoe, the 'Joseph Andrews' of Fielding, the 'Roderick Random' and 'Peregrine Pickle' of Smollett. In the nineteenth century it finds its congeners in the 'Three Musketeers' of Dumas and in the works of several minor English novelists. 'Mr. Jingle does not essentially differ from this type'.

LE BOVIER DE FONTENELLE. See Fontenelle.

LE FREINE. See Lai Le Freine.

LEIBNITZ, VON, GOTTFRIED WILHELM, Baron. b. 1646, d. 1716. German philosopher and mathematician.

A COLLECTION OF PAPERS WHICH PASSED BETWEEN ... LEIBNITZ AND DR. CLARKE ... RELATING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION, 1717.

A SYSTEM OF THEOLOGY (1686).... Tr. with an introduction and notes by C. W. Russell.

'We may trace the thoughts of Pope's "Essay on Man" back through Bolingbroke's prose to the philosophic writings of Leibnitz'.

Hallam says, 'No one can read without perceiving that of all the early geologists Leibnitz came nearest to the theories which are most received in the English school of this day'.

LEOPARDI, GIACOMO. b. 1798, d. 1837. Italian poet and essayist.

ESSAYS AND DIALOGUES.... Tr. by C. Edwardes, 1882.

POEMS. Tr. by Townsend, 1888.

LERMONTOV (or LERMONTOFF), MIKHAIL YUREVITCH. b. 1814, d. 1841. Russian poet.

THE CIRCASSIAN BOY. Tr. [into English verse] by S. S. Comart, 1875.

THE DEMON, a poem. Tr. by A. C. Stephen, 1875.

A HERO OF OUR TIME. (1839.) Tr. 1854.

LE SAGE, ALAIN RENÉ. b. 1668, d. 1747. French romancer and essayist.

THE BATCHELOR OF SALAMANCA (1736-8). Tr. by Mr. Lockman, 1737.

THE DEVIL UPON TWO STICKS (Asmodeus). Tr. 1708.

HISTORY OF GIL BLAS OF SANTILLANE (1715-35). Tr. 1732-7.

Defoe, Fielding and Smollett were all influenced by Le Sage, whom they imitated.

LESSING, GOTTHOLD E. b. 1729, d. 1781. German writer. Regarded as the father of the new era of German Literature.

THE DRAMATIC WORKS OF G. E. LESSING. Tr. ... Edited by E. Bell, 1878.

FABLES FROM THE GERMAN. Tr. by J. Richardson, 1773.

EMILIA GALOTTÉ.... Tr. by B. Thompson, 1801.

[1] LAOCOON; AN ESSAY, OR THE LIMITS OF POETRY AND PAINTING. Tr. by Wm. Ross, 1836.

NATHAN THE WISE; a Dramatic Poem, 1779. Tr. by Wm. Taylor, 1791.

SCHOOL OF HONOUR. Tr. 1799.

THREE COMEDIES. Tr. by J. J. Holroyd, 1838.

[1] 'Despite its errors and shortcomings, this famous treatise on the "Boundaries of Poetry and Painting", a work of criticism in the philosophy of the beautiful, has perhaps influenced more minds than any other work on æsthetics except those of Aristotle and Longinus'. To countless others besides Macaulay it has been their first illumination of the everlasting principles of beauty.

LEWIS OF GRENADA, F. Spanish writer.

OF PRAYER AND MEDITATION. Tr. by [Richard Hopkins] 1582.

THE SINNER'S GUYDE. Digested into English by Francis Meres, 1598.

GRANADA'S DEVOTIONS. Englished by F. Meres, 1598.

A MOST FRAGRANT FLOWER; or, devoute Exposition of the Lord's Prayer. Tr. by J. G., 1598.

A MEMORIAL OF A CHRISTIAN LIFE. Tr. [by Richard Hopkins], 1599.

A SPIRITUAL DOCTRINE CONTAINING A RULE OF LIVE WEL, WITH DIVERS PRAIERS AND MEDITATIONS. Tr. [by Rich. Gibbons] 1599.

LIBANIUS SOPHISTA. b. 314, d. 400. See Julian.

LIE, JONAS L. b. 1833. Norwegian poet and novelist.

BARQUE FUTURE. Tr. 1876.

COMMODORE'S DAUGHTER. Tr. 1892.

LITTLE GREY, THE PONY OF NORDFJORD. Tr. Arbuthnott, 1873.

NIOBE. Tr. 1890.

NORSE LOVE STORY. Tr. 1876.

PILOT AND HIS WIFE. (1874.) Tr. 1876.

VISIONARY, THE. Tr. J. Muir, 1894.

WEIRD TALES FROM THE NORTHERN SEAS. Tr. 1893.

LINNÆUS, (or LINNÉ) CARL. b. 1707, d. 1778. Swedish botanist.

ANIMAL KINGDOM. Translated, with Additions, by R. Kerr, 1792.

DISSERTATION ON THE SEXES OF PLANTS. Tr. by Sir J. E. Smith, 1786.

FUNDAMENTA ENTOMOLOGIÆ; OR AN INTRODUCTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF INSECTS. Tr. by Wm. Curtis, 1772.

GENERIC AND SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF BRITISH PLANTS. TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED AN ENTOMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY, AND A GLOSSARY. Tr. by J. Jenkinson, 1775.

INSTITUTES OF BOTANY, containing descriptions of all the known genera of plants. Tr. by C. Milne, 1770.

MISCELLANEOUS TRACTS RELATING TO NATURAL HISTORY, HUSBANDRY AND PHYSICK. Tr. from the Latin by B. Stillingfleet, 1759.

PRINCIPIA BOTANICA: OR A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO THE SEXUAL BOTANY OF LINNÆUS. Tr. 1787.

REFLECTIONS ON THE STUDY OF NATURE. Tr. [by J. E. Smith] 1785.

LISLE, C. J. ROUGET DE. b. 1760, d. 1836. French poet.

MARSEILLAISE. (1792.) Tr. 1793.

LIVY (TITUS LIVIUS). b. 59 B.C., d. 17 A.D. Roman historian.

THE HISTORIE OF ... ANNIBALL AND SCIPIO. Tr. out of T. Livius and other authoures, 1544.

THE ORATOR: HANDLING A HUNDRED SEVERALL DISCOURSES, ETC. Some of the Arguments being drawne from T. Livius and other ancient writers, 1596.

THE ROMANE HISTORIE. Also the Breviaries of L. Florus, with a chronologie of the whole Historie, and the Topographie of Rome in the Old Time. Tr. by P. Holland, 1600.

LONGUS. 5th century. Greek sophist.

DAPHNIS AND CHLOE. Tr. by Angel Day [1587].

'This pastoral romance played no small part in the conception of the French sentimental romances of the seventeenth century, beginning with D'Urfé and carried on by Scudéry and La Calprenède. This work contains the new element of pastoral setting and description, and some novelty of simple sentiment'. Tr. by Day from Amyot's tr.

LOTI, PIERRE. Louis Marie Viaud. b. 1850.

MADAME CHRYSANTHÈME. Tr. L. Ensor, [1888].

RARAHU; or, THE MARRIAGE OF LOTI. Tr. C. Bell, 1890.

MY BROTHER YRÈS. Tr. M. P. Fletcher, 1887.

AN ICELAND FISHERMAN. Tr. 1888.

CHILD ROMANCE. Tr. C. Bell, 1891.

PHANTOM FROM THE EAST. Tr. J. E. Gordon, 1892.

BOOK OF PITY AND DEATH. Tr. T. P. O'Connor, 1892.

ROMANCE OF A SPAHI. Tr. M. L. Watkins, 1890.

LUCAN. b. 39, d. 65. Roman epic poet.

LUCAN'S FIRST BOOK OF THE CIVIL WAR BETWEEN POMPEY AND CÆSAR. Translated line for line by Chas. Marlowe, 1600.

PHARSALIA. Containing the Civill Warres between Cæsar and Pompey. Tr. into English verse by Sir Arthur Gorges, Kt.... 1614.

Lucan and 'Stace' (Statius) formed the chief Latin reading of Chaucer's time. Addison's 'Campaign', and Drayton's 'Barons' War' are also clearly influenced by Lucan.

LUCIAN. b. 125, d. 180. Greek author.

CERTAIN SELECT DIALOGUES OF LUCIAN, TOGETHER WITH HIS TRUE HISTORIE. Translated by F. Hicks. Also a Life of Lucian gathered out of his own writings. By F. H[ickes], 1634.

NECROMANTIA: a Dialog of the Poet Lucyan for the Tantsaye Faymyd for a mery Pastyme. Tr. [1537].

PLEASANT DIALOGUES AND DRAMMA'S SELECTED OUT OF LUCIAN, ERASMUS, ETC. Tr. by Thos. Heywood, 1637.

THE WORKS OF LUCIAN. Tr. by Ferrand Spence, 1684.

Influenced Swift's 'Gulliver's Travels', 'Tale of a Tub' and 'The Battle of the Books' and the works of Sterne. Sterne is sometimes known as the 'English Lucian'.

LUCILIUS, GAIUS. b. 148 B.C., d. 100 B.C. Roman satiric poet.

THE FRAGMENTS OF LUCILIUS literally translated into English Prose ... by L. Evans, 1848.

LUCRETIUS (TITUS LUCRETIUS CARUS). b. 95, d. 52 B.C. Latin poet.

AN ESSAY ON THE FIRST BOOK OF T. LUCRETIUS CARUS, with a metrical Version and Notes, by John Evelyn, Esqre., 1656.

LUCRETIUS DE RERUM NATURA, with a free prose English version, 1743.

TITUS LUCRETIUS CARUS. Tr. into English verse by Thomas Creech, 1683.

Influence of Lucretius seen in Pope's 'Essay on Man'. Formed favourite reading of Shelley, Wordsworth and Tennyson.

Dyer's 'Fleece' and Akenside's 'Pleasures of the Imagination' are the outcome of the study of Lucretius and the 'Georgics' of Virgil.

LUTHER, MARTIN. b. 1483, d. 1546. Leader of the Reformation in Germany.

AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MARTIN LUTHER, now first tr. from the original by Rev. J. P. Lawson, 1836.

A BOKE MADE BY A CERTAYNE GREAT CLERKE AGAYNST THE NEW IDOLE AND OLDE DEVYLL, WHICH OF LATE TYME IN MISNIA SHOULD HAVE BEN CANONISED FOR A SAYNT, 1534.

COLLOQUIA MENSALIA (TABLE TALK), OR DIVINE DISCOURSES AT HIS TABLE, ETC., collected first together by Dr. A. Lauterbach.... Tr. out of High German ... by Captn. Henrie Bell, 1652.

A FRUITEFULL AND GODLY EXPOSITION AND DECLARACION OF THE KYNGDOM OF CHRIST. Tr. by [W. Lynne], 1548.

M. LUTHER'S EXPOSITION OF THE 23RD PSALM. Tr. by Miles Coverdale, 1537.

ON THE CHIEFE ARTICLES OF THE CHRISTIAN FAYTHE, ETC. Tr. 1548.

THIRTIE-FOUR SPECIAL AND CHOSEN SERMONS, ETC., Englisshed by W. Gace, 1581.

A TREATISE TOUCHING THE LIBERTIE OF A CHRISTIAN. Tr. by J. Bell, 1579.

'As a translator of the Bible into the Upper-Saxon dialect, and as having thus fixed the modern German language, he is of the greatest importance to Germany itself. To us his value is that of a thinker or moral force'.

LYSIAS. 4th century B.C. Greek orator.

ORATIONS OF LYSIAN AND ISOCRATES, WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THEIR LIVES, AND A DISCOURSE ON THE HISTORY, MANNERS, AND CHARACTERS OF THE GREEKS. Tr. John Gillies, 1778.

MABINOGION.

GUEST, LADY CHARLOTTE. Ed. and Tr., Mabinogion, fr. Llyfr Coch o Hergest and other MSS. 3 v. 1838-49.

MACHIAVELLI, NICCOLO DI BERNARDO DEI. b. 1469, d. 1527. Italian statesman, diplomatist and writer.

THE ARTE OF WARRE, set forth in English by Peter Whitehorne, with an addicion of other like Marcialle Feates and Experiments, 1560.

A DISCOURSE UPON THE MEANES OF WEL GOVERNING AND MAINTAINING IN GOOD PEACE, A KINGDOME OR OTHER PRINCIPALITIE ... AGAINST N. MACHIAVELLL [By I. Gentillet]. Tr. by S. Patericke, 1602.

THE FLORENTINE HISTORIE. Tr. by T(homas) B(edingfield), 1594.

NICOLAS MACHIAVELL'S PRINCE. Also, THE LIFE OF CASTRUCCIO OF LUCCA. AND THE MEANES DUKE VALENTINE US'D TO PUT TO DEATH V. VITELLOZZO, ETC. Tr. by E(dward) D(acres), 1640.

WORKS. Tr. by Henry Nevile, 1675.

Of the works of M., 'The Prince' was the most widely read.

MAETERLINCK, MAURICE. b. 1864. Belgian dramatist.

ALLADINE AND PALOMIDES, INTERIOR, AND THE DEATH OF TINTAGILES. Tr. 1899.

BURIED TEMPLE. Tr. by A. Sutro, 1902.

THE DOUBLE GARDEN. Tr. by A. Teixeira de Mattos, 1904.

JOYZELLE. Tr. by A. Teixeira de Mattos, 1906.

LIFE AND FLOWERS. Tr. by A. Teixeira de Mattos, 1907.

LIFE OF THE BEE. Tr. by A. Sutro, 1901.

MAURICE AGLAVAINE AND SELYSETTE. A Drama. Tr. by A. Sutro, 1897.

MONNA VANNA. Tr. by A. Sutro, 1904.

MY DOG. Tr. by A. Teixeira de Mattos, 1906.

OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS, AND OTHER OPEN-AIR ESSAYS. Tr. by A. Teixeira de Mattos, 1906.

PELLEAS AND MELISANDA. Tr. by Erving Winslow, 1893.

PRINCESS MALEINE (1890) AND THE INTRUDER. Tr. by G. Harry, 1892.

RUYSBROECK AND THE MYSTICS, WITH SELECTIONS. Tr. 1894.

SIGHTLESS, THE. Tr. with Pelleas and Melisanda [tr. 1893]. 1895.

SISTER BEATRICE, AND ARDIANE AND BARBE BLEUE. Tr. by B. Miall, 1901.

TREASURE OF THE HUMBLE. Tr. by A. Sutro, 1897.

WISDOM AND DESTINY. Tr. by A. Sutro, 1898.

'On the appearance of "The Princess Maleine" in 1890, the author, hitherto known only to a small circle of amateurs, at once sprang into fame on the continent.... As a brooding poet, a mystic, and a contemplative spectator of the comedy of death, whose work is couched, almost by a sort of accident, in dramatic form, Maeterlinck will probably find a place in literature'.

MAFFEI, FRANCISCO SCIPIONE. b. 1675, d. 1755. Italian scholar and author.

[1] COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT AMPHITHEATRES ... AND IN PARTICULAR THAT OF VERONA. 'Verona Illustra'. Tr. by A. Gordon, 1730.

MEROPE: a tragedy (1713). Tr. by Mr. Ayre, 1740.

[1] His principal work. Noted for its profound research, sound criticism and elegant style.

MAHABHARATA AND RÁMÁYANA. The two great epic poems of ancient India. Many episodes as the Bhagavad-Gítá have been separately edited and translated.

MAHABHARATA. The Story of Dooshivanta and Sakoontala, extracted from the Mahabharata (1. 2801-3121), a poem.... Tr. by C. Wilkins. Postscript containing part of the institutes of Manoo on transmigration and final beatitude. Tr. by Sir W. Jones, 1793.

MAHABHARATA. A complete English prose translation by Hindus, of which up to 1890 fifty parts had appeared and were published and distributed, chiefly gratis, at Calcutta, under the auspices of Pratápachandra Roy, 1883 (in progress).

THE RÁMÁYANA OF VALMEEKI, in the original Sanskrit; with an English prose translation and explanatory notes by W. Carey and J. Marshman, 1806, 8, 10.

[This work was intended to form nine volumes, but only three appeared.]

THE BHAGVAT-GEETA, or Dialogues of Kreeshna and Arjoon, in eighteen lectures, with notes translated from the original, in the Sanskreet, or ancient language of the Brahmans. By Chas. Wilkins, 1785.

Mahabharata, the name of the great epic poem of the Hindoos, so called because it treats of the war waged among the descendants of Bharata. It is said to contain 200,000 lines, or 100,000 double verses, the compilation of many writers, living in different ages.

MAIMONIDES (RABBI BEN MAIMON). b. 1135, d. 1204. Jewish rabbi and philosopher.

GUIDE TO THE PERPLEXED (Moreh Nevochim). Tr. by Dr. M. Friedländer, 3 v., 1885.

MAIN PRINCIPLES OF THE CREED AND ETHICS OF THE JEWS, EXHIBITED IN SELECTIONS FROM THE YAD HACKAZAKAH, WITH A LITERAL TRANSLATION, GLOSSARY, AND NOTES. 1832.

THE REASONS OF THE LAWS OF MOSES FROM THE MOREH NEVOCHIM (DOCTOR PERPLEXORUM) OF MAIMONIDES, with notes, etc., and a Life of the author by James Townley, 1827.

MALEBRANCHE, NICHOLAS. b. 1638, d. 1715. French philosopher.

TREATISE ON MORALITY. (1684.) Tr. 1699.

SEARCH AFTER TRUTH. Tr. R. Sault. 2 v. 1692-94.

TREATISE OF NATURE AND GRACE. To which is added the Author's Idea of Providence.... Tr. 1695.

CHRISTIAN CONFERENCES.... Tr. 1695.

MANTUANUSO. See Spagnuoli, Baptista. Mantuanus.

MANUEL, JUAN. d. 1350. Spanish author.

COUNT LUCANOV: FIFTY PLEASANT STORIES. Tr. James York. [1868].

MANZONI, ALESSANDRO. b. 1785, d. 1873. Italian novelist and poet.

THE BETROTHED LOVERS. I Promessi Sposi (1825-7). Tr. [by C. Swan], 1828.

MANUEL, DON JUAN. d. 1350. Spanish prince and author.

THE COUNT LUCANOR. First done into English ... by James York [1868].

Shakespeare derived his 'Taming of the Shrew' indirectly through M.

MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS. b. 121, d. 180. Roman emperor and philosopher.

THE GOLDEN BOKE OF. Translated out of the French. By John Bouchier, Knight, Lord Berners. [1534.]

MEDITATIONS. With notes. Tr. by M. Casaubon, 1634.

MARGUERITE OF NAVARRE. b. 1492, d. 1549.

A GODLY MEDYTACION OF THE CHRISTEN SOWLE, CONCERNING A LOVE TOWARDES GOD AND HYS CHRYSTE, Etc. Tr. by the Lady Elizabeth, 1548.

HEPTAMERON (1558). Tr. by R. Codrington, 1654. 1st Tr. 1597.

A series of stories and novelettes in the style of the 'Decameron', largely erotic.

MARINI, GIAMBATTISTA. b. 1569, d. 1625. Italian poet.

A POEM ON THE SLAUGHTER OF THE INNOCENTS. Tr. by T. R., 1675.

ECHO. [A sonnet. Tr. by T. Stanley], 1651.

Famous for his fantastic style known as 'Marinism'.

Marini's affected figures of speech, far-fetched comparisons, and tricks of verbiage, as illustrated particularly in his romantic 'Adone', characterized a generation of writers.

MARIVAUX, PIERRE CARLOT DE CHAMBLAIN DE. b. 1688, d. 1763. French novelist and dramatic writer.

THE AGREEABLE SURPRISE. Tr. 1766.

PHARSAMOND: or, THE NEW KNIGHT ERRANT. In which is introduced the story of the Fair Anchoret, with that of Tarminia and her unfortunate daughter. Tr. by Mr. Lockman, 2 v., 1750.

[1] THE VIRTUOUS ORPHAN, or THE LIFE OF MARIANNE COUNTESSE OF ... Tr. 4 v., 1784.

[1] Among the first novels which delineated real life and manners.

M. appears to have distinctly influenced Richardson, whose 'Pamela' bears a strange similarity to 'Marianne'.

MARMONTEL, JEAN FRANÇOIS. b. 1723, d. 1799. French dramatist and critic.

MORAL TALES. Tr. C. Dennis and R. Lloyd. 3 v. 1764.

NEW MORAL TALES. Tr. 1792.

THE INCAS, OR THE DESTRUCTION OF PERU. Tr. 1777.

BELISARIUS. Tr. 1767.

SELECT MORAL TALES. Tr. [R. Roberts] 1763.

TALES OF AN EVENING. 4 v. Tr. 1792-94.

MEMOIRS, WRITTEN BY HIMSELF: containing his literary and political life, and anecdotes of the principal characters of the eighteenth century. Tr. 1805. 4 v.

MAROT, CLEMENT. b. 1495, d. 1544. French poet.

Some translations from Clement Marot will be found in 'Ronsard and La Pléiade'. By G. Wyndham, 1906.

Had a great influence upon the lyrics of Wyatt and Spenser. The latter copied Marot in his pastoral poems, or eclogues.

The 'Style Marotique' was imitated by La Fontaine and other French writers.

MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS). b. 43, d. 104. Latin epigrammatic poet.

FLOWERS OF EPIGRAMS, FROM MARTIAL AND OTHERS. Tr. by T. Kendall, 1577.

SALES EPIGRAMMATUM. Being the choycest disticks of Martials Fourteen books of epigrams. Tr. 1644.

SELECT EPIGRAMS OF MARTIAL. Tr. by Tho. May, 1629.

'The modern conception of epigram is entirely taken from the Latin form. Martial is the one model'. 'It is Martial who has determined the form and matter of the epigram for modern Europe'.

Jonson imitated Martial in his epigrams.

MASSILON, JEAN B. b. 1663, d. 1742. French preacher.

SERMONS. Tr. W. Dickson, 1798.

SERMONS ON THE DUTIES OF THE GREAT. Tr. Wm. Dodd, 1769.

THE CHARGES OF MASSILON: I, ON THE ART OF PREACHING. II, ON THE COMPOSITION OF A SERMON. Tr. T. St. John (the Rev. S. Clapham), 1805.

AN EPISCOPAL CHARGE.... Tr. 1784.

MAUPASSANT, GUY DE. b. 1850, d. 1893. French poet.

AFLOAT. Tr. by L. Ensor, 1889.

A LADIES' MAN (1887). Tr. 1888.

MADAME TELLIER'S GIRLS.... THE INHERITANCE.... BUTTER-BALL. Tr. E. Ellis, 1897.

MISS HARRIET. Tr. 1885.

THE ODD NUMBER. THIRTEEN TALES. Tr. J. Sturges, 1891.

ON THE RIVER. Tr. by J. Sturges, 1890.

PIERRE AND JEAN (1888). Tr. by C. Bell, 1890.

A WOMAN'S LIFE. Tr. 1885.

MAZZINI, GIUSEPPE. b. 1805, d. 1872. Italian patriot and writer.

THE DUTIES OF MAN (1858). Tr. 1862.

LIFE AND WRITINGS OF JOSEPH MAZZINI. 6 v. Tr. 1864-70.

THE ITALIAN QUESTION AND THE REPUBLICANS. Tr. 1861.

MEINHOLD, JOHANN WILHELM. b. 1797, d. 1851. German writer and divine.

[1] THE AMBER WITCH. Tr. by Lady Duff Gordon, 1844.

SIDONIA THE SORCERESS. Tr. 1861.

[1] Made a great sensation, and was regarded for some time as a true narrative. The English translation was characterized by a writer in the Quarterly Review as a tale worthy of Defoe.

MELUSINE (JEAN D'ARRAS).

PROSE ROMANCE. Ed. A. K. Donald. E.E.T.S. Ex. Ser. lxviii. See also Parthenon, p. 111.

MENANDER. b. 341 B.C. Greek dramatic poet.

FRAGMENTS. Translations of some of the Fragments of Menander by Jos. Warton will be found in the Adventurer, No. 105. Also in Fawkes's Poems, 1761, and Colman's version of Terence.

MENDOZA, DIAGO DE. See Lazarillo de Tormes.

MERIMÉE, PROSPER. b. 1803, d. 1870. French novelist and historian.

CARMEN, (1845). Tr. 1845.

COLOMBA: a Corsican story ... (1840). Tr. by A. R. Scoble, 1853.

DEMETRIUS THE IMPOSTOR: an Episode in Russian History. Tr. by A. R. Scoble, 1853.

MERLIN; or, The Early History of King Arthur. C. 1450-60. Ed. H. B. Wheatley. E.E.T.S. 1860-69.

'An early chapter in the mythical history of Arthurian Britain. Tr. from a French romance (13th century) that was based on a poem by Robert de Borron. Covers in more prolix fashion the first five books of Malory'.

METASTASIO, PIETRO TRAPASSI. b. 1698, d. 1782. Italian poet.

ADRIANO IN SIRIA; drama, etc. [Altered from M.; Italian and English]. 1735.

ARTAXERXES; an opera. [Altered from M.]. Tr. 1734.

DEATH OF ABEL. An Oratorio ... Tr. 1768.

THE DESERT ISLAND; a dramatic poem. Tr. by A. Murphy, 1760.

DIDONE. Tr. 1754.

DRAMAS, AND OTHER POEMS. Tr. by John Hoole, 1800.

ENDIMIONE; Serenata. Tr. 1758.

THE PATRIOT; a tragedy. Tr. by Chas. Hamilton, 1784.

WORKS. Tr. by J. Hoole, 1767.

MICHELET, JULES. b. 1798, d. 1874. French historian.

ROMAN HISTORY: THE REPUBLIC (1831). Tr. 1847.

HISTORY OF FRANCE (1833). 4 v. Tr. D. K. Kelly, 1844-46.

HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. 7 v. (1847-53.) Tr. by C. Cocks. 1847.

THE MARTYRS OF RUSSIA. Tr. 1851.

FRANCE BEFORE EUROPE. Tr. 1871.

LIFE OF LUTHER. Tr. W. Hazlitt, 1846.

PRIESTS, WOMEN AND FAMILIES. Tr. C. Cocks, 1845.

MICKIEWICZ, ADAM. b. 1798, d. 1855. Polish poet.

CONRAD WALLENROD: an historical poem. Tr. by J. Jablonski, 1841.

MASTER THADDEUS (PAN TADEUSZ); or, THE LAST FORAY IN LUTHANIA ... an historical epic poem. Tr. by N. A. Biggs, with a preface by W. R. Morfill, 1885.

MIRACLE PLAYS. See under Name of plays as Coventry, Digby, etc.

MOHAMMED. b. 570, d. 632.

THE KORAN OF MOHAMMED. Translated. With explanatory notes and a preliminary discourse by George Sale, 1734.

THE ALCORAN OF MOHOMET, translated out of Aribique into French by Lieut. Du Ryer ... and newly Englished, for the satisfaction of all that desire to look into the Turkish vanities. (A needful Caveat, or Admonition for them who desire to know what use may be made of, or if there be danger in reading the Alcoran, by A. Ross, 1642.)

MOLIÈRE, JEAN B. P. b. 1622, d. 1673. French dramatist.

THE METAMORPHOSES; or, THE OLD LOVER OUTWITTED; a farce, (1669). Tr. by John Cory, 1704.

THE MISER: a comedy [in five acts and in prose]. (1667.) Tr. by T. Shadwell, 1672.

MONSIEUR DE POURCEAUGNAC; or, SQUIRE TRELOOBY. Tr. by J. Ozell, 1704.

QUACKS; or, LOVE THE PHYSICIAN (1665). Tr. by Mr. Swinny, 1705.

TARTUFFE; or THE FRENCH PURITAN; a comedy (1667). Tr. by M. Medburne, 1670.

WORKS; The first collected works were translated by J. Ozell, 6 v. 1714.

The writings of Molière were greatly influenced by the dramas of Plautus. His 'L'Avare' is from the 'Aulularia', and his 'Amphitryon' from 'Amphitruo'.

Molière was also influenced by the writings of Terence, and his 'Ecole des Maris' is from the 'Adelphi', and his 'Les Fourberies de Scapin' from the 'Phormio' of Terence.

The plays of M. were imitated by Wycherley and Farquhar and the post-Restoration dramatists. Meredith in his 'Essay on Comedy' admits his profound and salutary influence on English fiction.

Molière was copied, adapted, translated by English writers, and that not merely for reading, but for acting purposes. Dryden translated 'L'Etourdi' as 'Sir Martin Mar-All'; Vanburgh turned 'Le Dépit Amoureux' into 'The Mistake'; Wycherley offered 'The Plain Dealer' as a version of 'Le Misanthrope'; Fielding's 'Mock-Doctor' is 'Le Médecin Malgré Lui', his 'Miser' is Molière's 'L'Avare'; Colley Cibber converted 'Tartuffe' into 'The Non-Juror'.

MONTAIGNE, MICHAEL E. DE. b. 1533, d. 1589. French philosopher and essayist.

THE ESSAYS, (ESSAIS) or, MORALL, POLITIKE AND MILLITARIE DISCOURSES OF LO: M. DE MONTAIGNE ... now done into English by J. Florio, 1603.

The first model of the essay. To Elizabethan England the 'Essays' of M. were well-known either directly or through the translation of Florio. The 'Essays' of Bacon are clearly indebted to his example. How far his influence has extended is incalculable.

MONTALBAN, PEREZ DE.

THE SPANISH BAWDE. Tr. 1631. [Attached to Aleman's 'Spanish Rogue'].

AURORA AND THE PRINCE [novela of 'Successosy Prodigios de Amor']. By Don J. Perez de M. Tr. T[homas] S[tanley], 1647.

THE ILLUSTRIOUS SHEPHERDESS. Tr. 1656.

MONTALEMBERT, CHARLES FORBES DE. b. 1810, d. 1870. French historian and political writer.

THE CONVERSION OF ENGLAND, BEING A SEQUEL TO THE MONKS OF THE WEST. 3 v. Tr. 1867.

THE POLITICAL FUTURE OF ENGLAND. (1855). Tr. H. Barrow, 1856.

THE MONKS OF THE WEST. (1860). 7 v. Tr. 1861-79.

MONTEMAYOR, GEORGE. b. 1520. Portuguese poet and novelist.

DIANA. [With a second part of A. Perez and also a continuation: entitled, Enamoured Diana, by G. G. Polo.] Tr. by B. Yong, 1598.

Spenser's 'Shepherd's Calendar' and Sidney's 'Arcadia' are both influenced by M.

'From the "Arcadia" of Sanazzaro on the one hand, and from the "libros de caballerias" on the other, the Portuguese-Spaniard Montemayor created his famous "Diana." This work, like Sidney's "Arcadia," is partly in prose and partly in verse, and, in such English development as arose from the pastoral, the influence of the Spaniard must be reckoned with that of the Neapolitan. It appears in Spenser's "Shepheard's Calendar", and incidentally, it may be observed, that before writing his "Two Gentlemen of Verona" Shakespeare would seem at least to have been told of the substance of Montemayor'.

MONTESQUIEU, CHARLES DE SECONDAT, BARON DE LA BRÉDE ET DE. b. 1689, d. 1755. French author.

CURIOUS THOUGHTS ON THE HISTORY OF MAN. Tr. 1789.

MISCELLANEOUS PIECES. Tr. 1759.

[1] PERSIAN LETTERS. (LETTRES PERSANES 1721.) Tr. by J. Ozell, 1730.

REFLECTIONS ON THE RISE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. (Causes de la Grandeau des Romains et de leur Decadence 1734.) Tr. 1751.

SPIRIT OF LAWS. (De l'Esprit des Lois, 1748). Tr. by Mrs. Nugent, 1752.

THE TEMPLE OF GNIDUS: a poem. Tr. by John Sayer, 1765.

WORKS. Translated, 1777.

[1] 'A criticism of the social and religious conditions of contemporary France. The book is an expression of freethought, and the reaction against monarchical and ecclesiastical despotism expressed later in the "Esprit des Lois"'.

MONTI, VINCENZO. b. 1754, d. 1828. Italian poet.

THE PENANCE OF HUGO, a Vision on the French Revolution.... Tr. by Henry Boyd, 1805.

ARISTODEMO. Tr. J. A. Favalli, 1809.

DEATH OF BASSEVILLE. Tr. [A. Lodge] 1845.

MORTE ARTHUR. (In Stanzas.)

Ed. Roxburghe Club, 1819.

Ed. Furnivall, F. J., 1864.

Ed. Bruce, J. D. E.E.T.S., Ex. Ser. lxxxviii.

MORTE ARTHURE, probably by Huchown of the Awle Ryale, author of Swete Susan. See p. 76. (Alliterative.) C. 1440.

Ed. Halliwell, 1847.

Ed. Perry and Brock, E.E.T.S., viii. 1865.

MOTTEVILLE, MADAME DE. b. 1612, d. 1689. French memoir writer.

MEMOIRS TOWARDS THE HISTORY OF ANNE OF AUSTRIA. 5 v. Tr. 1726.

MUNCH, A. b. 1811, d. 1884. Norwegian poet.

MAID OF NORWAY. Tr. Mrs. Birkbeck, 1877.

LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL. A TRAGEDY Tr. J. Chapman, 1858.

MUNCHAUSEN, BARON. See Baron Munchausen.

MURGER, HENRY. b. 1822, d. 1861. French novelist.

BOHEMIANS OF THE LATIN QUARTER. Tr. 1887. (Scenes in Bohemian Life.)

MUSÆUS. 5th century. Greek poet.

THE DIVINE POEM OF MUSÆUS (HERO AND LEANDER). FIRST OF ALL BOOKES. Tr. Geo. Chapman, 1616.

THE SECOND PART OF THE LOVES OF HERO AND LEANDER, by H. Petowe, 1598.

MUSÆUS, OR THE LOVES OF HERO AND LEANDER. Tr. Sir Robert Stapylton, 1647.

See also under Anacreon.

MUSSET, LOUIS CHARLES ALFRED DE. b. 1810, d. 1857. French poet.

FANTASIO: a proverbe [in two acts]. Tr. 1852.

A GOOD LITTLE WIFE. Tr. 1850.

THE POET AND THE MUSE: (La Nuit de Mai etc. (1830) with an introduction by W. H. Pollock. Tr. 1880.)

WORKS. (Comedies) Tr. and edited, with an introduction, by S. S. Gwynn, 1890.

NEPOS, CORNELIUS. B.C. 690? Roman historian and biographer.

LIFE AND DEATH OF POMPONIUS ATTICUS. Tr. 1677.

LIVES OF ILLUSTRIOUS MEN, Done into English by several gentlemen of the University of Oxford, 1684.

NIBELUNGEN LIED. 13th century. Epic poem, 'The Iliad of Germany'. Considered the most famous of the creations of mediæval Germany. Properly speaking the title is 'The Calamity of the Nibelungen'.

THE FALL OF THE NIBELUNGERS: Otherwise the Book of the Kriemhild. Tr. by W. N. Lettsom, 1850.

DAS NIBELUNGEN LIED, or, LAY OF THE LAST NIBELUNGEN. Tr. into English Verse after C. Lachmann's collated and corrected text by J. Birch, 1848.

This has been translated in parts on several occasions, and has recently formed the subject of several story-books for children.

NICCOLINI, GIOVAMBATTISTA. b. 1762, d. 1861. Italian poet and dramatist.

ARNOLD OF BRESCIA. Tr. T. Garrow, 1846.

OEHLENSCHLÄGER, ADAM GOTTLOB. b. 1779, d. 1850. Danish poet.

THE ADVENTURER. In German Romances. Tr. 1826.

ALADDIN, or THE WONDERFUL LAMP. A dramatic poem. Tr. by Theodore Martin, 1857.

ALI UND VALBORD; a tragedy. Tr. by R. M. Laing, 1841.

THE GODS OF THE NORTH. Tr. by W. E. Frye, 1845.

HAKON JARL: a tragedy [1807]. Tr. 1840.

ROMANTIC BALLADS. Tr. by George Borrow, 1826.

OHNET, GEORGES. b. 1848. French novelist.

BATTLE OF LIFE. Tr. 1884.

CLOUD AND SUNSHINE. Tr. H. Shott, 1887.

COUNTESS SARAH. Tr. 1884.

DR. RAMEAU. Tr. 1889.

GREAT MARL-PIT. Tr. 1886.

IRONMASTER, THE. Tr. 1884.

LADY IN GREY. Tr. D. H. Fisher, 1896.

LAST LOVE. Tr. 1890.

LOVE'S DEPTHS. Tr. F. Rothwell, 1899.

PRINCE SERGE PANINE. Tr. 1883.

RIVAL ACTRESSES. Tr. 1889.

WEIRD GIFT. Tr. A. D. Vandam, 1890.

WILL. Tr. 1884.

OMAR KHAYYAM. b. 1017, d. 1124. Persian poet.

RUBÃIYAT OF. Tr. by Edward Fitzgerald, 1859.

[First published in Paris in 1857.] Fitzgerald tr. only a small selection of the quatrains and read into them a philosophy of his own.

ORIGEN. b. Alexandra, 185, d. 254. Early Christian writer.

THE COMPLAYNT OF MARY MAGDALEYNE [from Origen. By J. Lydgate]. In Chaucer's Boke of Fame. [1526].

AN HOMILIE OF MARYE MAGDALENE, DECLARING HER FERVENT LOVE AND ZELE TOWARDS CHRIST. Tr. 1565.

ORIGEN AGAINST CELSUS. Tr. by James Bellamy, 1660.

OVID (OVIDUS NASO PUBLIUS). b. 43 B.C., d. 18 A.D. Latin poet.

ALL OVID'S ELEGIES: 3 books. Tr. by C.[hristopher] M.[arlow]. Epigrammes by J.[ohn] D.[avies] and C. M.[arlow], 1600.

THE ART OF LOVE. The Flores of Ovid de arte amandi with theyr englysshe before them: and two alphabete tablys ... 1513.

CERTAINE OF OVID'S ELEGIES. By C. Marlow. Epigrammes and Elegies by J. D.[avies] and C. M.[arlow], [1590.]

DE PONTO, FOUR BOOKS OF. Tr. by Wye Saltonstall, 1639.

FABLE OF OVID TRETING OF NARCISSUS. Tr. with a moral thereunto, very pleasant to rede. 1560.

FESTIVALS [THE FASTI], or ROMANE CALENDAR. Tr. by J. Gower, 1640.

THE XV BOOKES OF OVID, ENTYTLED METAMORPHOSES. Tr. by A. Golding, etc. 1567.

HEROYCAL EPISTLES. In English Verse. Tr. by Geo. Turberville, 1567.

IBIS. Invective against Ibis. Tr. by [Thos. Underdowne], 1567.

OVID. HIS BOKE OF METAMORPHOSES. Tr. by Wm. Caxton. [1480.]

THE TRISTIA; or, ELEGIES, etc. De Tristibus, the first three Bookes. Tr. by Thos. Churchyard, 1580.

Largely influenced Chaucer, Spenser, Milton, Pope and Shakespeare.

'In and before the poems of Chaucer, the poems of Ovid upon love and its cure were much drawn upon by writers of romance and allegories. They were the direct inspiration of much of the troubadour poetry of Provence, and thence of the mediaeval lyric verse of Europe in general. Ovidian borrowings are manifest in the "Romance of the Rose". Chaucer himself was a student of Ovid, Lucan, Virgil, "Stace" and also Livy. From Ovid's "Metamorphoses," and love-elegies in particular, he took much matter. Spenser's "Faerie Queene" is full of borrowings from Ovid's "Metamorphoses". The effect of Ovid on Shakespeare is manifest in his "Venus and Adonis"'.

OWL AND THE NIGHTINGALE. C. 1216.

Ed. Stevenson. Roxburghe Club, 1838, and R. Morris. Specimens.

Edited by T. Wright. Percy Soc., 1842.

PAINTER, WM. See under Italian Anthologies, etc.

PALMERIN D'OLIVA.

THE MIRROUR OF NOBILITIE AND WONDER OF CHIVALRY.... Turned into English by [Anthony] M[unday]. 1637. 1st pt. Tr. 1588.

'This work was condemned by the licentiate in Don Quixote to be torn to pieces and burnt'.

PALMERIN OF ENGLAND.

THE HISTORIE OF PRINCE PALMERIN OF ENGLAND, 3 v. Tr. by A[nthony] M[unday]. 1602-9. Third bk. Tr. (1595).

'Ordered to be preserved by the licentiate in Don Quixote and kept as a singular piece'. Southey remarks that Munday began 'Palmerin' with some care, but soon resigned the task to others.

PARIS, MATTHEW. d. 1259.

ENGLISH CHRONICLES (Chronica Majora). From the Creation to 1259, containing the History of England (now ascribed to Roger of Wendover) and from 1235 to 1273 (the portion written by M. Paris). Tr. by J. A. Giles, 1849-54.

[M. P. is generally considered to be England's greatest mediæval historian.]

PARTHENAY, ROMANS OF, OR OF LUSIGNEN.

Ed. Prf. W. W. Skeat. E.E.T.S., 1866.

A VISION OF 'MELUSINE'. See p. 193.

PASCAL, BLAISE. b. 1623, d. 1662. French philosopher and mathematician.

LES PROVINCALES: or, THE MYSTERIE OF JESUITISM. Tr. 1657.

THOUGHTS ON RELIGION AND OTHER SUBJECTS. Tr. by J. Walker, 1688.

WORKS. Tr. by George Pearce. 3 v. 1849-50.

[Contains much that had never been translated before.]

PATERCULUS, VELLEIUS. B.C. 18. Roman historian.

ROMAN HISTORY. Tr. Sir Robert le Grys, 1632.

PAUSANIAS. 150 to 200. Greek traveller and author.

THE DESCRIPTION OF GREECE. Tr. Tom Taylor. 3 v. 1794.

AN EXTRACT OF PAUSANIUS. Of the Statues, Pictures and Temples in Greece. Tr. 1758.

PEARL, THE.

Ed. R. Morris, E.E.T.S., 1869. Tr. by I. Gollancz 1891.

'Ranks among the most charming of old English poems, both in thought and delicacy of feeling'.

PELLICO, SILVIO. b. 1788, d. 1854. Italian poet.

ON THE DUTIES OF MAN. Tr. T. Roscoe, 1837.

MY IMPRISONMENTS. Tr. [T. Roscoe], 1826.

PERCEVAL, SIR, OF GALLES. See Sir Percival.

PERRAULT, CHARLES. b. 1628, d. 1703. French author.

CHARACTERS OF THE GREATEST MEN IN FRANCE DURING THE 17TH CENTURY (1696-1700). (Hommes Illustres de Siècle de Louis XIV). Tr. by J. Ozell, 1704-5.

FABLES IN ENGLISH AND FRENCH VERSE. Tr. 1741.

FAIRY TALES. (Histoires ou Contes du Temps Passé, 1697.)

PERSIAN ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS.

MESNEVI, THE. Tr. J. W. Redhouse. (Oriental Ser.). 1881.

PELLY, COL. SIR L. MIRACLE PLAYS OF HASAN AND HUSAIN. 2 v. 1879.

From oral tradition.

PHILLIPS, AMBROSE. Tr. PERSIAN TALES. 3 v. 1714-15.

PERSIAN TALES: a new translation, by Edward Button, 1754.

PERSIUS (AULUS PERSIUS FLACCUS). 50 A.D. Latin satiric poet.

HIS SATIRES. Tr. into English [verse], by Barton Holyday, etc., 1616.

PETOFI, ALEX. b. 1823-49. Hungarian author.

TRANSLATIONS FROM. By Sir J. Bowring, 1866.

SELECTIONS FROM THE POEMS OF P. Tr. H. Phillips, 1885.

PETRARCH (FRANCESCA PETRARCA). b. 1304, d. 1374. Italian poet.

COMPLAINTS. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the World's Vanities. Tr. by Ed. Sp.[enser], 1591.

PETRARCHES VISIONS, [being a translation ... of the Canzone 'Standomi un giorno solo, alla fenestra']. Tr. by Ed. Sp.[enser], 1591.

PHISICKE AGAINST FORTUNE. Tr. [by Thos. Twyne.] 1579.

SONNETS [30] AND [3] ODES. Tr. 1777.

A THEATRE WHERIN BE REPRESENTED THE MISERIES ... THAT FOLLOW THE VOLUPTUOUS WORLDLINGS, etc. [With Epigrams. Tr. from the Sonnets of Petrarch]. 1569.

THE TRYUMPHES OF FRAUNCES PETRACKE. Tr. by Henry Parker Knight ... Lorde Morley, 1565.

The form of the sonnets of Petrarch as introduced into England by Wyatt and Surrey became very popular in the time of Elizabeth. The following are amongst the more important writers of sonnets influenced by P.: Sidney, 'Astrophel and Stella'; Dryden, 'Idea'; Constable, 'Diana'; Daniel, 'Delia'; Watson, 'Teares of Fansie'; Spenser, 'Amoretta'; Shakespeare, 'Sonnets'; and Milton, 'Sonnets'; Tottel's 'Miscellany' (which as a collection of the Elizabethan poets) is markedly influenced by P.

PETRONIUS. c. 50. Latin satirist.

THE SATYR OF TITUS PETRONIUS ARBITER. Tr. by Wm. Burnaby and another Hand, 1694.

THE SATYRICAL WORKS OF T. PETRONIUS, ARBITER IN PROSE AND VERSE ... made English by Mr. Wilson, Mr. Burnaby, Mr. Blount, Mr. Brown, etc.... To which is added The Charms of Liberty ... 1708.

PHAEDRUS. c. 20. Latin fabulist.

FABLES. [Book 1.] Tr. 1646.

FABLES. Tr. by J. Davidson, 1745.

FIFTY FABLES OF PHÆDRUS, in Latin, French and English. Tr. by D. Bellamy, 1734.

'Phaedrus put into verse the Greek fables—commonly fathered all alike on "Æsop"—which he could find current in his day. The collection is probably much the same as that of the Greek "Demetrius Phalereus" (300 B.C.). From the point of view of both morals and language, the book served admirably for schoolboys, and it is at least one of the main sources of the fables which found their way into England, first with Alfred, and, later, in more force with Caxton's "Æsop"'.

PILPAY (BÍDPÁÍ). Oriental fabulist.

[1] THE MORALL PHILOSOPHIE OF DONI—drawne out of Ancient Writers ... Tr. by Sir T. North, 1570.

THE INSTRUCTIVE AND ENTERTAINING FABLES OF PILPAY made English (for the Duke of Gloucester), 1679.

[1] [This celebrated Arabian fable-book, 'Calilah i Dumnah' (q.v.) is better known in Europe as 'Pilpay's Fables'.]

Several European fabulists, including Æsop, La Fontaine, have drawn largely from the fables of P.

PINDAR. b. 522, d. 442 B.C. Greek lyric poet.

ODES: Selected; with several other pieces in Prose and Verse by Gilbert West, 1749.

THE ODES OF PINDAR ... Tr. ... including those of Mr. West. The whole completed by F. Lee, 1810.

PINDARIQUES. B. R. Fleming. (A translation of four of the Odes of Pindar, etc.). 1691.

Horace modelled his work on Pindar. Imitated by Cowley in 'Pindaric Odes', by Dryden in 'Song for St. Cecilia's Day', 'Alexander's Feast', by Pope, in 'Ode on St. Cecilia's Day', by Gray in 'Progress of Poesy', by Shelley in 'Ode to Liberty'.

'Milton's "Ode on the Morning of the Nativity" is intended to be Pindaric'.

PINEAU DUCLOS (CHARLES). See Duclos.

PLATO. b. 427, d. 347 B.C. Greek philosopher.

APOLOGY OF SOCRATES AND PHÆDO OF PLATO. Tr. 1675.

AXIOCHUS: ON THE SHORTNESS AND UNCERTAINTY OF LIFE. Tr. 1592.

DIALOGUES. Tr. by Flower Sydenham, 1767-80.

ORATIONS OF PERICLES AND PLATO IN PRAISE OF THE ATHENIANS SLAIN IN BATTLE. Tr. by E. Bentham, 1759.

REPUBLIC OF PLATO. Tr. by W. Spens, 1763.

WORKS OF PLATO, abridg'd, with an account of his life, philosophy, morals and politics, together with a translation of his choicest dialogues. By M. Dacier. Tr. from the French, 1701.

The 'Republic' is the model for all ideal commonwealths, e.g. More's 'Utopia', Bacon's 'New Atlantis', etc. Berkeley's 'Alciphron' is based on the 'Dialogues'.

The philosophy of P. influenced the poetry of Shelley, and Wordsworth's 'Intimations of Immortality'. His philosophy has affected all subsequent philosophers.

PLAUTUS, TITUS MACCIUS. b. 254, d. 184 B.C. Roman comedian.

COMEDIES. Amphitryon, Epidicus and Rudens. Tr. by [Laurence Echard]. 1694.

MENAECMI. A pleasant comœdie. Written in Englishe by W. W[arner], 1595.

Formed type of Italian comedy of Renaissance. Shakespeare's 'Comedy of Errors' is an adaptation from Plautus's 'Menaechmi'. Dryden's 'Amphitryon' is adapted from Plautus through Molière.

'Sackville sought his comic models in Plautus'.

PLINY (GAIUS PLINIUS SECUNDUS). The elder. b. 23, d. 79. Latin writer.

THE HISTORIE OF THE WORLD, commonly called the Natural Historie of Pliny. Tr. by P. Holland, 1601.

THE SECRETS AND WONDERS OF THE WORLD. A Booke ryght rare and Straunge, contayning many excellent properties given to Man, Beasts, Foules ... Trees and Plants. Tr. 1585.

A SUMMARIE OF THE ANTIQUITIES AND WONDERS OF THE WORLDE, abstracted out of the sixtene first bookes of Pliny. Tr. by J. R. [1565].

An important source of our knowledge of early science.

'Doubtless Pliny's "Encyclopædia" is ultimately responsible for much of the confused natural history of the Middle Ages, and not only Chaucer, but also the sixteenth century Euphuists, with their egregious similitudes, are almost certainly in his debt'.

PLINY, CAIUS. (CAIUS PLINIUS CAECILIUS SECUNDUS.) The younger. b. 61 A.D., Latin author and orator.

THE LETTERS OF PLINY THE CONSUL, with occasional remarks by Wm. Melmoth, 1746.

The 'Letters of Pliny' are the most precious relics of Roman epistolary correspondence that have come down to us.

The model for the modern letters of Horace Walpole and Pope.

PLUTARCH. b. 50, d. 120. Greek philosopher and moralist. The greatest biographer of antiquity.

THE EDUCATION or BRINGING UP OF CHILDREN. Tr. out of Plutarch. By Syr T. Eliot [1535].

THE GOVERNAÑCE OF GOOD HELTHE, by the most excellent phylosopher Plutarche [1530].

HOWE ONE MAY TAKE PROFITE OF HIS ENMYES, translated out of Plutarche [by Sir T. Elyot] [1535].

THE LIVES OF THE MOST NOBLE GRECIANS AND ROMANS COMPARED TOGETHER BY PLUTARKE. Tr. [from the French of Amyot] by Thomas North, 1579.

THE PHILOSOPHIE, COMMONLY CALLED THE MORALS. Tr. by P. Holland, 1603.

A RIGHT NOBLE HISTORY OF THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER AND SOME OF THEIR LIVES. Written by ... P. etc., 1569.

Shakespeare used North's tr. of Plutarch's 'Lives' freely for his plots as is seen in Coriolanus, Julius Caesar. P. also initiated the biographical essay, of whom we have the best exponent in Macaulay. Has formed a model for all later writers.

POEMA MORALE. (Moral Ode.)

Ed. Text and Tr. R. Morris, 'Old English Homilies', 1878.

POLISH ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS.

BOWRING, Sir JOHN. Tr. SPECIMENS OF THE POLISH POETS. 1827.

POLIZIANO, ANGELO (POLITIAN). b. 1454, d. 1494. Italian classical scholar and poet.

HISTORY OF HERODIAN. Tr. ... by N. Smyth. [1550.]

ORFEO.

Hallam says, 'Politian was placed in the chair of Greek and Latin eloquence at Florence. It is beyond controversy that he stands at the head of that class in the fifteenth century'.

POLO, MARCO. b. 1254, d. 1324. Venetian traveller.

THE MOST NOBLE AND FAMOUS TRAVELS OF MARCUS PAULUS ... INTO THE EAST PARTES OF THE WORLD. Tr. [by J. P. Frampton]. 1579.

POLYBIUS. b. 205, d. 123 B.C. Greek historian.

THE HYSTORIES OF ... POLYBIUS: DISCOURSING OF THE WARRES BETWIXT THE ROMANES AND THE CARTHAGINENSES. Englished by C. W.(atson) Whereunto is annexed an abstract compendiously coarsted out of the life and worthy acts, perpetrate by King Henry the fift. 1568.

PONSARD, F. b. 1824, d. 1867. French dramatist.

CHARLOTTE CORDAY (1850).

LUCRECE (1843). Tr. [Sir A. Rumbold] 1848.

A SON OF THE SOIL (Play). Tr. 1850.

ULYSSES. Tr. H. B. Farnie. [1890.]

PONTOPIDDAN, H. Scandinavian writer.

THE APOTHECARY'S DAUGHTER. Tr. G. Nielsen, 1889.

THE PROMISED LAND. Tr. Mrs. E. Lucas, 1896.

EMANUEL; or, CHILDREN OF THE SOIL. Tr. Mrs. E. Lucas. [1896.]

PORTUGUESE ANTHOLOGIES. See Spanish.

PREVOST ABBÉ (ANTOINE FRANÇOIS PREVOST D'EXILES). b. 1697, d. 1763. French writer.

DEAN OF COLERAINE. A moral History.... Tr. 1752.

HISTORY OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND. 2 vols. Tr. 1755.

THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF MR. CLEVELAND, NATURAL SON OF OLIVER CROMWELL, Etc. A romance, (1733-40.) 1734.

MANON LESCAUT. (1733.) Tr. 1841.

MEMOIRS OF A MAN OF QUALITY. (1728.) 1738.

PROPERTIUS (SEXTUS AURELIUS PROPERTIUS). b. 48, d. 14 B.C. Roman elegiac poet.

PROPERTII MONOBIBLOS: or THAT BOOK OF THE ELEGIES OF PROPERTIUS ENTITLED CYNTHIA. Tr. 1782.

PUSHKIN, ALEXANDER S. b. 1799, d. 1837. Russian poet.

THE CAPTAIN'S DAUGHTER.... Tr. ... by J. F. Hanstein, 1859.

EUGENE ONEGIN: a novel in verse (1828). Tr. by Lieut-Col. Spalding, 1881.

MARIE: a Story of Russian Love. Tr. 1877.

POEMS. Tr. by Ivan Panin, 1889.

PROSE TALES. Tr. by T. Keane, 1894.

THE QUEEN OF SPADES, AND OTHER STORIES, 1892.

RUSSIAN ROMANCES [consisting of Miscellaneous Tales]. Tr. by Mrs. J. Telfer, 1875.

THE TALISMAN. [Tr. by G. Borrow], 1835.

QUEVEDO (QUEVEDO Y VILLEGAS DE). b. 1580, d. 1645. Spanish author and satirist.

[1] BUSCON THE WITTY SPANIARD, WITH THE PROVIDENT KNIGHT (1626). Tr. by J. D. 1657.

HELL REFORMED; or A GLASSE OF FAVOURITES, IN A VISION. Tr. 1641.

THE VISIONS OF QUEVEDO, made English by Sir R. L'Estrange. 1668.

NOVELS, faithfully englished; with the Marriage of Belphegor. Tr. 1671.

QUEVEDO'S FORTUNE IN HER WITS. Tr. by Stevens, 1697.

QUEVEDO'S COMICAL WORKS. Tr. by Capt. Stevens, 1707.

'He is said to have resembled Voltaire in his talent for ridicule and his versatility. He suffered much political persecution'.

[1] One of the 'picaresque or rogue' novels, of which 'Jack Wilton' by Nash was the first example in English. It was later followed by 'Moll Flanders' and 'Colonel Jack' by Defoe, the 'Joseph Andrews' of Fielding, the 'Roderick Random' and 'Peregrine Pickle' of Smollett. In the nineteenth century we find it imitated by Dumas in 'The Three Musketeers' and also in some of the later minor novelists.

QUINTILIAN. b. 35, d. 100. Roman critic and teacher of rhetoric.

HIS INSTITUTES OF ELOQUENCE.... With notes critical and Explanatory. By Wm. Guthrie, 1756.

THE DECLAMATIONS OF QUINTILIAN. [Tr. by Mr. Warr.] 1686.

RABELAIS, FRANÇOIS. b. 1483, d. 1553. French satirist.

THE FIRST BOOK OF THE WORKS OF MR. F. RABELAIS ... containing five books of the Lives, etc., of Gargantua and his Sonne Pantagruel. Tr. by Sir T. Urquhart. 2 parts (1532). 1653.

PANTAGRUEL'S PROGNOSTICATION, CERTAIN, TRUE AND INFALLIBLE. Tr. by Democritus Pseudomantis. [1620.]

THE WHOLE WORKS OF F. RABELAIS. Done out of French by Sir T. Urchard, Knight, Mr. Motteau, etc. 2 vols., 1708.

The precursor of Swift and Sterne, who imitated him.

'Rabelais is like no one else, but he contains elements which recall the broader, comic side of Shakespeare, and others which anticipate the scathing railleries of Swift. Sterne, apart from his natural affinities with the earlier ecclesiastic, draws upon him liberally'.

RACINE, JEAN. b. 1639, d. 1699. French dramatic poet.

ACHILLES; or IPHIGENIE IN AULIS. Tr. by Mr. Boyer, 1700.

ALEXANDER THE GREAT. (1665.) Tr. [by Ozell], 1714.

ANDROMACHE. A tragedy. (1667.) Tr. 1675.

ATHALIAH. A tragedy. Tr. by Wm. Duncombe, 1726.

BRITTANICUS. (1669.) Tr. [by Ozell], 1714.

THE DISTREST MOTHER. A tragedy. Written by Mr. Phillips, 1712.

ESTHER; or, FAITH TRIUMPHANT. (1689.) Tr. 1715.

THE LITIGANTS. Tr. [by Ozell], 1715.

THE SULTANESS: a tragedy. Tr. by Mr. Johnson, 1717.

The dramas of Seneca served as type for tragedies of Racine, who vastly excelled him. The works of R. influenced the post-Restoration dramatists.

RANKE, LEOPOLD VON. b. 1759, d. 1886. German historian.

CIVIL WARS AND MONARCHY IN FRANCE IN SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES. Tr. 2 v., 1852.

THE ECCLESIASTICAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE POPES OF ROME DURING THE 16th AND 17th CENTURIES. (1834-1837.) Tr. by S. Austin, 3 v. 1840.

HISTORY OF ENGLAND, PRINCIPALLY IN THE 17th CENTURY. Tr. by C. W. Boase, etc. 6 vols. 1875.

HISTORY OF SERVIA AND THE SERVIAN REVOLUTION. Tr. 1847.

HISTORY OF THE LATIN AND TEUTONIC NATIONS. [1494-1514]. Tr. by P. A. Ashworth, 1887.

HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY; Tr. by S. Austin, 1845-47.

OTTOMAN AND SPANISH EMPIRE IN SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES. Tr. 1843.

RAUF COILYEAR, ROLAND, OTUEL, etc. Ed. S. J. Herrtage. E.E.T.S., 1882.

REAL, CÉSARVICHARD, ABBÉ DE SAINT. b. 1631, d. 1692.

DON CARLOS. Tr. 1722.

A CONSPIRACY OF THE SPANIARDS AGAINST THE STATE OF VENICE. Tr. 1675.

REINCKE FUCHS. c. 1150. See Reynard the Fox.

RENAN, JOSEPH ERNEST. b. 1823, d. 1892. French historian and critic.

ANTICHRIST. Tr. with an Introduction by W. G. Hutchison [1899].

CALIBAN. Tr. E. G. Vickery, 1896.

FUTURE OF SCIENCE. (1890.) Tr. 1891.

HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL. Tr. C. B. Pitman and D. V. Bingham. 3 v. 1888-91.

LECTURES ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE INSTITUTIONS, THOUGHTS AND CULTURE OF ROME ON CHRISTIANITY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. Tr. C. Beard, 1880.

LIFE OF JESUS. Tr. 1867.

POETRY OF THE CELTIC RACES, AND OTHER STUDIES. Tr. W. G. Hutchison, 1896.

RECOLLECTIONS OF MY YOUTH. Tr. C. B. Pitman, and Revised by Madame Renan, 1883.

STUDIES OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY AND CRITICISM. Tr. O. B. Frothingham, 1864.

RETZ, JEAN FRANÇOIS PAUL DE GONDI, CARDINAL DE. b. 1614, d. 1679. French memoir writer.

MEMOIRES OF THE CARDINAL DE RETZ, CONTAINING THE PARTICULARS OF HIS OWN LIFE.... 4 v. Tr. 1723.

REUTER, FRITZ. b. 1810, d. 1874. German poet.

IN THE YEAR 13: A TALE OF MECKLENBURG LIFE. Tr. C. L. Lewes. [1867.]

SEEDTIME AND HARVEST; or, DURING MY APPRENTICESHIP. Tr. 1867.

REYNARD THE FOX.

THE HISTORYE OF REYNART THE FOXE, by me William Caxton, translated [from the Dutch] into Englyssh in th' Abbey of Westmestre. 1481.

This prolonged beast-fable, which enjoyed an immense vogue throughout Europe, provoked countless imitations.

RICHARD COUR DE LION, ROMANCE OF.

Printed by Wynkyn de Worde, 1509-28.

The character of Richard Coeur de Lion, as portrayed in the romance, is happily compared by Ten Brink to John Bull.

RICHARD DE BURY (R. Aungervyle, of Bury). b. 1287, d. 1345.

PHILOBIBLION. Eng. Tr. J. B. Inglis. 1832.

RICHARD OF DEVIZES. C. 1191.

DE REBUS GESTUS RICARDI PRIMI. Tr. Chronicles of the Crusaders. Ed. J. Stevenson, 1838.

Tr. and Ed. Dr. Giles, 1841.

RICHARD ROLLE.

THE PRICKE OF CONSCIENCE. Ed. Morris, 1863.

RICHTER, JEAN PAUL FRIEDRICH. b. 1763, d. 1825. German writer.

FLOWER, FRUIT AND THORN PIECES; (1796-97); or, the married life, death, and wedding of the advocate of the poor (Firmian Stanislaws Siebenkäs). Tr. by E. H. Noel, 2 vols., 1844.

HESPERUS. Tr. in Carlyle's Trs. from German, 1827.

LEVANA; a Treatise on Education (1807). Tr. 1848.

TITAN. Tr. C. D. Brooks. 2 v. 1863.

WILD OATS (Walt and Dalt) (1804-5). Tr. by Eliza Lee, 1846.

ROBERT DE LA MENNAIS, H. F. See Lamennais, F. R. de.

ROBERT MANNYNG OF BRUNNE. 1260-1345.

HANDLYNG SYNNE (1303). Ed. Furnivall, Roxburghe Club, 1862. E.E.T.S., 1901.

ROBERT OF GLOUCESTER. C. 1300.

RHYMED CHRONICLE. Ed. W. Aldis Wright. 2 v. Rolls Ser., 1887.

ROBERT OF GLOUCESTER'S CHRONICLE. 2 v. Tr. T. Hearne, 1724.

'Its value as an independent historical authority almost confined to incidents of Barons' Wars'.

ROGER OF HOVEDEN. d. 1201. English historian.

ANNALS OF ENGLISH HISTORY, comprising the History of England and of other countries of Europe from A.D. 732 to A.D. 1201. Tr. by H. T. Riley, 2 v. 1853.

His 'History of England' is commended by Leland, Selden and others for its fidelity. It is mentioned here as one of the sources of our modern histories.

ROGER OF WENDOVER. d. 1236. English chronicler.

FLOWERS OF HISTORY (Flores Historiarum). Comprising the History of England from the Descent of the Saxons to A.D. 1235 formerly ascribed to Matthew of Paris. 2 v. Tr. by J. A. Giles, 1849.

ROHAN, HENRI DE, DUKE DE ROHAN. b. 1579, d. 1638. French memoir writer.

MEMOIRS (1610 to 1629) OF THE DUKE OF ROHAN. Tr. G. Bridges, 1660.

A DECLARATION OF THE DUKE OF ROHAN ... CONTAINING THE JUSTNES OF REASONS AND MOTIVES WHICH HAVE OBLIGED HIM TO IMPLORE THE ASSISTANCE OF THE KING OF GREAT BRITAINE.... Tr. 1628.

A TREATISE OF THE INTEREST OF THE PRINCES AND STATES OF CHRISTENDOME.... Tr. H. H[unt], 1641.

ROLAND, SONG OF. Tr. by J. O'Hagan, 1880.

A hero celebrated in romances of chivalry, was supposed to have been a nephew of Charlemagne. He was killed at the Battle of Roncesvalles, 778.

THE SONG OF ROLAND, AS CHANTED BEFORE THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS.... Tr. Mrs. Marsh, 1854.

ROLANDSLIED. 12th century. German poem.

ROLAND: THE HISTORIE OF ORLANDO FURIOSO ONE OF THE TWELUE PIERES OF FRANCE, as it was plaid.... In prose and verse, by R. Greene, 1594.

ROLLIN, CHARLES. b. 1661, d. 1741. French historian.

HISTORY OF ROME (1738). 16 v. Tr. 1739.

ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE EGYPTIANS.... (1730-38). 12 v. Tr. 1734-38.

NEW THOUGHTS CONCERNING EDUCATION. Tr. 1735.

HISTORY OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES OF THE ANTIENTS. Tr. 1734.

METHOD OF TEACHING AND STUDYING THE BELLES LETTRES. 4 v. 1734. Tr. 1740.

ROMANCE OF THE ROSE. By Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung.

THE ROMAUNT OF THE ROSE. Ed. by Dr. Max Kaluza. [From the Glasgow MS. Published by the Chaucer Soc. The first 1704 lines are probably Chaucer's.] 1890.

[This was translated by Chaucer and some of his predecessors, and the MS. of part of it is in existence.]

Chaucer and Gower borrowed freely from the 'Roman de la Rose'. This romance was familiar in both France and England before Chaucer's time. Wace and Benoît de Sainte-More written by Anglo-Normans.

It was the reading of this work that influenced the first efforts of Chaucer. During the epoch which is called the Chaucerian, authors known and nameless used the stock of mediaeval France as freely and as monotonously as the French themselves.

RONSARD, PIERRE DE. b. 1524, d. 1585. Eminent French poet.

Some translations from Ronsard will be found in 'Ronsard and La Pléiade', by G. Wyndham, 1906.

Ronsard and Du Bellay are the two most important names of the 'Pléiade'. The followers of R., through the Italian school introduced the 'classical' style of verse into England. 'The English poets also read Du Bellay, who finally established the sonnet and at the same time served as a pattern for English writers. One writer of the Ronsardist School, Du Bartas, was a writer of real religious conviction, and his "Semaine" or "Week of Creation", translated by Sylvester, gained no small currency in England'.

ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES. b. 1712, d. 1778. Philosopher and eminent writer.

THE CONFESSIONS OF J. J. ROUSSEAU (Six books only) with the reverie of a solitary walker. (1766-). Tr. 1783.

Complete Edition (12 books and letters). Tr. 1790.

ELOISA: a series of original letters. (1760.) Tr. 1761.

EMILIUS; or AN ESSAY ON EDUCATION. (1762.) Tr. by Mr. Nugent, 1763.

A DISCOURSE TO WHICH THE PRIZE WAS ADJUDGED BY THE ACADEMY OF DIJON ... on this question ... whether the re-establishment of Arts and Sciences has contributed to purify our morals (1749). Tr. by R. Wynne, 1752.

DISCOURSE ON THE ORIGIN AND FOUNDATIONS OF THE INEQUALITY OF MANKIND. (1753.) 1762.

LETTERS ON THE ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. Tr. by Thos. Martyn. (1766.) 1785.

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. Tr. 1767.

PROJECT FOR PERPETUAL PEACE. Tr. 1761.

THE SOCIAL CONTRACT. (1762). Tr. 1763.

VARIOUS WORKS. Letter to D'Alembert on the Effects of Theatrical Entertainments on mankind. Tr. 1759.

R., whether in a novel or in his 'Confessions', is the first writer in modern Europe to expatiate upon inanimate nature in connexion with the feelings. Affected English poetry in the early nineteenth century.

'How much of the "Nature Worship" of Wordsworth and his age may be due to this example can hardly be estimated, but the name of R. was a familiar one in England, and by him was sown much of the seed which our own revivalists watered'.

'The works of Rousseau have exercised a direct and uncommon influence upon English literature, which it is hard to define. There is no doubt he is the "Father of modern democracy"' (Prof. Lowell).

RUNEBERG, J. L. b. 1804, d. 1877. Swedish poet.

LYRICAL SONGS AND EPIGRAMS. Tr. Magnusson and Palmer, 1878.

NADESCHDA. Tr. Marie A. Brown, 1889.

RUSSIAN ANTHOLOGIES: COLLECTIONS. Poetical, Fairy Tales, Folk Tales, and Traditional Literature.

BAIN, ROBERT NISBET. Tr. COSSACK FAIRY TALES AND FOLK TALES. 1894.

CHODSKO, ALEX. FAIRY TALES OF THE SLAV PEASANTS AND HERDSMEN. Tr. and illustrated by E. J. Harding, 1896.

CURTIN, J. Tr. MYTHS AND FOLK TALES OF THE RUSSIANS, SLAVS AND MAGYARS. 1890.

BOWRING, SIR J. Tr. SPECIMENS OF RUSSIAN POETS. 1821.

POLEVOI, P. N. RUSSIAN FAIRY TALES. Tr. by R. N. Bain, 1893.

RALSTON, WM. R. S. Tr. RUSSIAN FOLK TALES. 1873.

RALSTON, W. R. S. Tr. SONGS OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE. 1872.

WILSON, C. T. Tr. RUSSIAN LYRICS IN ENGLISH VERSE. 1887.

SADI (SHEIKH MUSLIH ADDIN). b. 1184, d. 1292.

THE GÛLISTÂN OF MUSLE-HADDEEN SHAIK SADY OF SHEERAZ. Tr. by Francis Gladwin, 1806.

THE PERSIAN AND ARABICK WORKS OF SADÉE. Ed. by J. H. Harrington, 1791-5.

SELECT FABLES FROM GÛLISTÂN, or THE RED OF ROSES. Tr. by S. Sulivan, 1774.

SAGAS.

'The Icelandic Sagas'—the prose histories of the fortunes of the great Icelandic houses—are the last, and also the finest, expression and record of the spirit and the ideas belonging properly to the Germanic race in its own right, and not derived from Rome or Christendom'.

An immense imaginative literature is growing up around the Sagas. To mention only a few prominent writers who have received their inspiration from these sources, we have, Baring-Gould in 'Grettir the Outlaw' (1889), the works of Henty and Ballantyne, R. Leighton's 'Olaf the Glorious' (1894), Du Chaillu's 'Olaf the Viking' (1893), Kingsley's 'Hereward', etc., Longfellow, W. Morris in 'Sigurd' and 'Earthly Paradise', and Arnold's 'Balder Dead', etc., etc.

BANDED MEN, THE. Tr. by Wm. Morris and Eirikr Magnússon. Saga Library. 1890.

EDDA SAEMUNDAR. Tr. by B. Thorpe, 1866.

[Mallet's 'Northern Antiquities' contains a tr. of Edda Saemundar 1851.]

EDDA SAEMUNDAR. Selections from. Tr. by Wm. Morris, 1877.

[Some of the songs from the above are tr. by Morris in his 'Sigurd the Volsung' and 'Niblungs'.]

EDDA STURLUSONART. [The Prose of Younger Edda.] Tr. by Sir G. W. Dasent, 1842.

EGILS SKALLAGRIMSSON SAGA. [10th century.] Tr. by Rev. W. C. Green, 1893. [An Icelandic family history of the 9th and 10th centuries.]

Ranks high among the sagas of action and adventure. Gives a lively account of the first settlers in Iceland.

EYRBYGGJA SAGA. Tr. by Sir W. Scott. Tr. in P. H. Mallet's Northern Antiquities, 1847.

Tr. also by Wm. Morris and [1] Eirikr Magnússon (1892), who describe it as 'a mixture of a saga, or dramatically told tale, and a chronicle record of events outside its aim and purpose'. Period, 884-1031; principal events between 986-98. Written between 1230-60, according to Vigfússon. 'Unquestionably the oldest of all the sagas of Iceland'.

[1] Includes also a tr. of Heiôarviga Saga, 'Story of the Heath-Slayings'.

GISLI THE OUTLAW, STORY OF. Tr. by Sir G. W. Dasent, 1866.

GRETTIR SAGA. Tr. by Eirikr Magnússon and Wm. Morris. 1869.

HAMLET IN ICELAND. Tr. by I. Gollancz, 1898.

'Of importance chiefly on account of the use Shakespeare made of another version of the same story. The present version belongs to the 16th or the early 17th century, the major part of it having been derived from Saxo-Grammaticus, the Danish historiographer (late 12th century), and remodelled under the influence of popular folk tales, Carlovingian, and Arthurian romances, and the stories of Tamburlane'.

HEIMSKRINGLA, or CHRONICLES OF THE KINGS OF NORWAY. Tr. from the Icelandic by S. Laing, 1842, new Ed. by Anderson, 1889, 4 v.

See also in the Saga Library by Morris and Magnússon, 4 v. 1892-1906.

[Consists chiefly of historical sagas, 12th cent. An abridgement is contained in Carlyle's 'Early Kings of Norway', 1875.]

HEN THORIR. Tr. by Wm. Morris and Eirikr Magnusson. 1890. Saga Library.

HOWARD THE HALT. Tr. by Wm. Morris and Eirikr Magnusson. 1890. Saga Library.

KORMAKS SAGA: The Life and Death of Cormac the Skald. Tr. by W. G. Collingwood and Stéfannson, 1902.

LANDNAMA BÓC. [Book of the Taking of the Land.] Tr. by Thomas Ellwood, 1894.

LAXDAELA SAGA. Probably first put together about 13th century. Tr. by Muriel A. C. Press [1900].

LILJA 'The Lily' [Religious poem of the 4th century.] Ed. and Tr. by Eirikr Magnusson, 1870.

LUDBROC, DEATH SONG OF: Tr. with notes, 1887.

NIALS SAGA. The Story of Burnt Njal. 970-1014. 2 v. Tr. by Sir G. W. Dasent, 1861.

Southern Saga. Considered the greatest of the Sagas, whether in the national scope of its action, the beauty and distinction of the characters, or in the pathos and special grandeur of the narrative.

OLAF TRYGGVASON. The Saga of, who reigned over Norway, A.D. 995 to A.D. 1000. Tr. by J. Sephton, 1898.

Compiled about the middle of the 13th century.

OLD NORSE SAGAS. Tr. by E. S. Cappel, 1882.

ORKNEYINGA SAGA (History of the Men of Orkney). Ed. by J. Anderson. Tr. by J. A. Higaltalin, and G. Goudie, 1873.

ORKNEYINGA SAGA. Magnus Saga; with additions from Flatey's Book. [xiv. century]. Ed. by G. Vigfusson, 1888.

STURLA THE LAWMAN'S LIVES OF KING HACON AND MAGNUS. [xiii. century], with Glossaries. Ed. by G. Vigfusson, 1888.

STURLA THE LAWMAN'S LIVES OF KING HACON AND MAGNUS, [xiii. century], with Glossaries, v. 3-4. Tr. by G. W. Dasent.

THOMAS SAGA. 2 v. with Tr. notes and glossary, Ed. and Tr. by Eirikr Magnússon, 1875-84.

THORSTEIN VIKING'S SON. See Viking Tales of the North. Tr. by R. B. Anderson, 1877.

THREE NORTHERN LOVE STORIES. Tr. by Eirikr Magnússon and Wm. Morris, 1875.

THROND OF GATE. THE TALE OF. Commonly called Færeyinga Saga. Tr. by F. York Powell.

Written probably about 1230.

VIGA GLUM SAGA, 970-990, with notes. Tr. by Sir Ed. Head, 1866. [Northern Saga.]

'One of the earliest sagas'.

VIKING TALES OF THE NORTH. Tr. by R. B. Anderson, 1877.

[Tr. of the sagas of Thorstein Viking's son and Fridthiof the Bold; with G. W. Stevens' tr. of Tegnérs Fridthiofs saga.]

VÖLSUNGA SAGA. Tr. by Eirikr Magnússon and Wm. Morris, 1876.

Sagas, Folk-Tales, etc., Anthologies, Collections.

ANDERSON, R. B. Tr. NORSE MYTHOLOGY the religion of our Forefathers, 1875.

[Contains all the myths of the Eddas systematized and interpreted with notes and vocabulary.]

ANDERSON, RASMUS B. THE FOLKLORE OF NORWAY. [1895.]

ARNASON, Jon. Ed. ICELANDIC LEGENDS. Tr. Powell and Magnússon. 2 ser. 1862-65.

ASBJORNSEN. POPULAR TALES FROM THE NORSE. Translated by H. L. Brækstad. 1881. [Trs. from the "Norske Folkeeventyr" 1842. Collected by Asbjornsen and Mol. Tr. by G. W. Dasent, 1859.]

—— ROUND THE YULE LOG: Norwegian Folk and Fairy Tales. 1882.

[A re-translation, by Brækstad, of the collection originally tr. by Dasent in 1859.]

—— TALES FROM THE FJELD. A record of popular tales from the Norse of P. C. Asbjörnsen, 1874.

[From the Norske Huldreeventyr of Folkesagn, 1845-8; and Folkventyr, 1871.]

BUCHANAN, R. Tr. BALLAD STORIES OF THE AFFECTIONS. 1866.

BUSHBY, MRS. Tr. THE DANES SKETCHED BY THEMSELVES. A Series of popular stories by the best Danish authors. 3 v. 1864.

CORPUS POETICUM BOREALE. Ed. by G. Vigfússon and F. York Powell, 2 v. 1883.

[An admirable text and translation of the whole body of ancient Icelandic legends and lays, to the 13th cent.]. 'An epoch-making book'.

DASENT, SIR G.W. POPULAR TALES FROM THE NORSE [tr. of Asbjörnsen]. Ed. 1859.

See above under Asbjörnsen.

DASENT, Sir G. W. TALES FROM THE FJELD. Tr. 1874.

EIVIND, R. Ed. and Tr. FINNISH LEGENDS, 1893.

[Tr. of thirty-eight stories from the 'Kalevala'.]

GRIMM, JACOB. TEUTONIC MYTHOLOGY. Tr. by J. S. Stallybras, 3 v. and suppl. 1-3, 1879-89.

[The great standard work on Teutonic (Germ., Scan., and English) mythology, first published in 1835.]

MURRAY, E. C. GRENVILLE. Tr. NATIONAL SONGS AND LEGENDS OF ROUMANIA. 1859.

POWELL, F. Y. and G. MAGNUSSON. Tr. ICELANDIC LEGENDS. Ed. by Ion Arnasson. 1864-66.

PRIOR, R. C. Tr. ANCIENT DANISH BALLADS. 3. v. 1860.

RALSTON, W. R. S. Tr. SONGS OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE. 1872.

RINK, HENRY. Tr. TALES AND TRADITIONS OF THE ESKIMO. 1875.

STEPHENS, G. and H. CAVALLIUS. Ed. OLD NORSE FAIRY TALES. Tr. 1882.

THORPE, BENJ. NORTHERN MYTHOLOGY. 3 v. 1852.

VICARY, J. F. Tr. THE STORK'S NEST AND OTHER TALES. Tr. 1886.

READINGS FROM THE DANE: SHORT STORIES. Tr. 1886.