Part 3 / Book 5 — INDEX
Reading edition
Acilii Glabriones family, Crypt of, 265, 267, 268–9, 270–1;
was Pudens a member of?, 270
Acilius Glabrio, Consul, martyrdom of, 41–2, 230–1, 269
Acts of the Apostles, Haggadic influence seen in, 379;
model of, 72;
on Christian assemblies, 107;
on S. Paul’s prison life at Rome, 22;
Acts of S. Cecilia, in the light of catacomb discoveries, 289 et seq.
Acts of S. Hermes, 274
Acts of Martyrdom, or Acts and Passions of the Martyrs, archæological and literary corroboration of, 81, 82, 94 & n. 1
Critical estimates of, 81 & nn., 82, 258
Few in early days, 33, 35, 48, 53
Pagan contempt shewn in, 158
Value of, in exploring Catacombs, 226
on Numbers of Christians, 104
on Persecutions, 163
Acts of the Martyred Slaves, 136
Acts of the Passion of S. Felicitas, 299;
authenticity of, 300, 304
Acts of Pastor and Timotheus, tradition in, on Pudens and his family, 263–5
Acts of S. Valentinus, 276
Ælia Capitolina, site of, 77;
insults at, to Christians, 78;
results of building, 332, 335–6 et seq.
Ælius Verus, adopted by Hadrian, 83
Æneas, piety of, 87
Æneid, teaching of, 88
Africa (see Carthage, see also Egypt), Christian congregations in, mid-second century, 36
Agrippa, builder of Pantheon portico, 280
Akiba, Rabbi, eminence of, and of his pupils, 337, 354–6
Supporter of Bar-cochab, 78, 336–7
Alcuin, 278
Aldus Manutius, supporting Pliny’s letter, 46
Alemanni, death of, 283
Alexander, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, 259
Alexandria, Jewish revolts in, 330, 334–5, 346;
literary support from, of Petrine tradition, 10, 13;
Alexandrian-Jewish influences in Revelation of S. John, 72
Allard, —, on Acilius Glabrio, 269;
on Archæology as rehabilitating legend, 289;
on the Jews in the Augustan age, 4;
on Pliny’s letter, 46;
on Trajan’s personality, 48
Almsgiving, in the early Church, 113, 119–22, 123, 130 et seq., 138, 139
Amphitheatre games, horrors of, 50;
Martyrdoms in, 110, 172, 175–6;
training of Christians for, 198
Ampliatus, Chapel or Crypt of, Domitilla Cemetery, 240
Tomb of, identification of, 241–2
Anacletus, Pope, cemetery of, 287;
discoveries in, seventeenth century, 280 et seq.
Memoriæ erected by, over tombs of SS. Peter and Paul, 233, 237, 281 et seq.
Anchor, as Christian Emblem, 310
Angels, Haggadic references to, 378, 379
Animals, wild, in amphitheatre games, exposure to, of Christians, &c., 175–6, 178, 183, 185, 187, 191, 203, 204, 269
Anniversaries of Martyrs, first celebrated, 35
Antioch (see also Ignatius), literary support from, of Petrine tradition, 9, 13
Antipas, martyr, 169
Antonines, the (see also Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius), reigns of, 63;
characteristics of, 84 et seq.;
table of succession of, 83
Antoninus Pius, 186, 277;
adopted by, and successor to, Hadrian, 83;
family and character of, 83, 84, 85
Attitude of, to Christians, 158;
ignorance of their faith, 77
Coinage of, 87, 90
Relations of, with Hadrian, 83, 85
Apocalypse of S. John, 72;
place of, in early Christian thought, 156–7;
references in, to Persecution, 37, 157, 165, 167–70
Apologies, The, of Justin Martyr, 128, 184
on Assemblies, 108, 113–4
on Persecution, 185–6
Apology of Aristides, on Burial of the dead by Christians, 132, 133;
on Christians as civil judges, 148;
on Hospitality, 128;
on Slavery, 135
Apology, or Embassy, of Athenagoras, on Persecution, 188–9
Apology of Tertullian, and the Octavius of Minucius Felix, 186
Apostasy, encouraged by Roman rulers, 195, 197;
Hermas on, 181;
results of, 197, 203;
some causes, 201
Apostolical Constitutions, The, on Almsgiving, 122;
on Hospitality, 128
Apostolic Fathers, writings of, cast in Letter form, 73
on S. Hippolytus, 251
Apostolic remains, authors and form of, 73;
Apronienus, catacomb of, 248
Aquila and Priscilla, associations of, with S. Paul, and with Pudens, 265–6;
burial-place of, 262, 266;
church founded by, 262
Archæological Relics of S. Peter, Chair, and place of baptism, 12
Archæology, witness of, to literature and tradition (see also Catacombs), 17, 19 n. 1, 81, 82, 108, 147, 152 n. 1, 209 et seq., 289, 295, 298, 304
to Pagan and Christian views on Death, 154–5
to Social Status of many early Christians, 111–2
Arenaria, in Jordani catacomb, 260
Aristides, see Apology of, supra
Aristotle, works of, 146
Arles, Church of S. Hippolytus at, 255
Armellini, Prof., on Inscription concerning S. Agnes, 256–7;
Ubaldi’s memoranda published by, 281;
work of, in Catacomb exploration, 239
Arnold, Matthew, on the Good Shepherd with the Kid, 320
Arval Brotherhood, College of, 236;
Asia, Christian congregations in, mid-second century, 36
Asia Minor (see also Antioch, &c.), 71
Christianity in (see also Pliny’s Letter), founder, and effects on Paganism, and spread of, 51, 107
S. John’s prominence in, 9
Assemblies, Christian, composition of, 110–12, 113, 114, 240, 242
Importance of, 101;
evidenced in literary references, 107–9
Joy in, 155
Places where held (see also Catacombs), 139
Proceedings at, various writers cited, 113 et seq.
References to, in N.T. and later writers, Christian and Pagan, 107 et seq.
Sunday, 108;
observance of, Justin Martyr on, 113–4
Teaching, doctrines and ritual at, 101, 113 et seq., 124, 126, 128–30, 131–3, 138, 139
Astolphus, 293
on Persecutions, 188–9
Attire, Rigourist teaching on, 153–4
Aubé, on the Acts of S. Felicitas, 300;
on Trajan’s Rescript, 49
Augustus Cæsar, 91, 280;
attitude of, to Imperial cultus, 42;
favour shown by, to the Jews, 3;
and the source of Rome’s greatness, 88, 89
Ausonius, poems of, 64
Autolycus, letters or books to, from Theophilus of Antioch, 108–9, 189
Auvergne, 66
Aventine Hill, church on, 262;
house, &c., of Pudens on, 12, 15
Avitus, made Emperor, 65
Babylon, mystic name for Rome, 8, 10, 14
Babylonia (see also Exile), Jews in, 346
Rabbinic Schools of, 326, 362–3, 368, 373
Mode of teaching in, 357, 358–60
Work of, 344, 345, 346, 372
Talmud, the, 345,
Baiæ, death at, of Hadrian, 83
Balaam and his ass, Haggadah on, 377, 378
Balbina, tomb of, 247
Baptisteries (see also Wells) in Catacombs of Pontianus, and S. Priscilla, 236
Baptistery of S. Peter, site of, identified by Marucchi, 12, 257, 267, 271–3
Barberini (Pope Urban VIII), epigram on, 280
Bar-cochab, false Messiah, cause of last war of the Jews, 336–7;
his Rabbinical supporters, 78, 336–7, 354, 355
Barnabas, Epistle of, see Epistles
Barnes, —, cited on Neronic burning of Christians, 285–6
on S. Peter’s tomb, 281 & n. et seq.
Baronius, Cardinal, 263;
on S. Petronilla, 277
Basil of Cappadocian Cæsarea, 138
Basilicas:—
of S. Lawrence “ad Corpus,” Popes buried in, 250
Domitilla, 278
Prætextatus, 247
SS. Hermes and Basilissa, 274–5
in Cœmeterium Majus, subterranean, 258
in Rome, third century number and appointments of, 112
Ruined, crypts beneath, 228
of S. Agnes, 256–7
of S. Cecilia, 292, 293 et seq.
of S. Felicitas, 302
of S. Hippolytus, 251, 254
of S. Laurence, 250, 254
When and why erected, 272
Bethel, the old prophet of, 321
Bethia, Zealot headquarters, 336
“Billicum confessionis,” nature of, that of S. Peter, 237, 282
Bishops and Popes of Rome (see under Names), claim to be successors of S. Peter, undisputed, 16
Catalogues of, on date of Linus’s accession, 14;
to Eleutherius, 15
Early, buried around S. Peter, see Papal Crypt
Bithynia and Pontus, 57, 58, 62
Christians in (see also Pliny’s letter), 27, 32, 35 n. 1, 45 et seq., 50, 71, 75, 77, 103 & n. 2, 110, 177
Bliss, instant, after Death, Christian hope of, 156
“Book of Jubilees,” subject-matter of, 377, 378
Borghesi, Cardinal, 300;
re-interment by, of S. Sebastian, 244
Bosio, —, pioneer of Catacomb exploration, 223–4;
Bourges, mention at, of S. Petronilla as S. Peter’s daughter, 278
Brescia, relics of S. Hippolytus at, 255
Brotherhood character of early Christianity, 38, 122–3, 270
Builders, of Basilicas, &c., injury done by, to Catacombs, 250, 257
Burial customs, Jewish, Christian, and Pagan, 4, 5, 131–3, 264
Bury St. Edmunds, cult of S. Petronilla in, 278
Cæcilius, pagan interlocutor in Octavius of Minucius Felix, 146, 186;
arguments of, source of, 145;
contempt of, for Christians, 158;
on Christian love, 119, 129
C. Aurelius, Censor, 233
Caius, Bishop or Pope of Rome, burial-place of, identified, 231;
Caius, Presbyter, 282;
on the Memoriæ of the Apostles in Rome, 11
Cemetery or Catacomb of, 234, 236–7, 239, 240, 242, 244–6, 251, 261
Papal burial-place (q.v.), 231, 245–6, 273
Callistus group of Catacombs, 212
Carthage, Church of (see also S. Cyprian), aid from, to other Churches, 131
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, 10–11, 13
“Catacombas, ad,” see S. Sebastian
Catacombs or Cemeteries, see also under Names of Saints, &c., and under Via, and see Inscriptions, Itineraries, and Translation
Decorations of, deductions from, 133, 147, 219, 220, 221
Exploration of—
progress, 224 et seq.
results, 219, 220–1, 224, 225, 230 et seq.
Workers, see Bosio, De Rossi, Marchi, Marucchi
Extent and content of, 133 et seq., 220, 233 et seq.
Jewish burials in, 4
Literature bearing on, 209–14, 226–8
Number of, De Rossi on, 232
Origin of, in general, 38
Teaching in, passim;
on Death, 309–11
Three oldest, 266
Tombs in, passim
Uses of, 133, 139, 220 et alibi;
for worship, 118, 253, 258
Witness of, to Acts of Martyrs, 81, 82
to Christ, 308, 310, 311, 316–20 & nn.
Catalogues of Roman Bishops on date of Linus’s accession, 14
Celestinus, Pope, burial-place of, 272
Cemeteries (see also Catacombs), Christian names for, 155
Chair of S. Peter, long shown, 12
Charity among Jews in Rome, 4
Charlemagne, 278
Christ, Sayings of, 366
Teaching of, contrasted with Talmudic, 366–8
With a Kid, Tertullian on, 319;
M. Arnold’s verses on, 320
Witness to, of the Catacombs, 308, 310, 311, 316–20 & nn.
Christian, name treated as crime, 39, 189, 191
Relatives of Emperors, 110, 112, 148, 240, 241
Religion, powerful factor in spread of, 102–3
Testimony to spread of Christianity, in the New Testament and after, 107–9
Unity, its double bond of Doctrine and Love, 118–9
Writers, early, on Numbers of Christians, 101, 208;
words cited, 103–6
on Persecutions, &c., 36, 37, 81, 82, 163–5, 166–7, 177–91, 208;
words cited, 103–6
Christianity, see also Martyrs, Persecutions, &c.
Early, connection of, with Judaism, 325
Importance to, of history of the Jews after the last Wars, 326 et seq.
Influence on, of Rabbinical studies, 326–7
Menace of, to Judaism after the Dispersion, 355
Roman view of, after Jewish War of Extermination, 78, 79, 80
Christians, see Pliny’s Letter, see also Idol-worship, Incense, and Persecutions
Accused of burning Rome, 27;
and burned by Nero, 28–9
Discriminated from Jews, 27, 30, 92, 164, 341
Expelled from Rome by Claudius, 25
Fanatics among, 97
Guerdon of the faith of, 154 et seq.
Jewish opposition to, in Rome, 18
Life of, in early days, 33–7, 101 et seq., 78–81, 140 et seq.
Schools of teaching among, two, 101
Christology of the Catacombs, 220;
of S. Paul, 23–4
Chronicles, Book of, Haggadic expansion of, 378
Church calendars, Martyrs first mentioned in, 208
Church, The, in the Empire, cited, see under Ramsay
Church of the Propaganda, S. Hyacinthus’s remains in, 275
Church of Rome (see also Rome, Christians in, &c.), early importance of, 16, 17
Cicero, the first great letter-writer, epistolary style of, 67, 71;
fashion set by, 56–7, 58, 64;
period of, 56;
popularity of, 69
on the Jews in Rome, 3;
on Slaves, 134
Circumcision forbidden to Jews in Rome, 335
Civil service, Christians in, 144, 145, 148–9
Claudian, poems of, 64
Claudius, Emperor, 235;
expulsion by, of Jews, from Rome, 8, 18, 25;
S. Peter at Rome during reign of, 11, 12, 14
Claudius Gothicus, Emperor, martyrs in reign of, 262, 276
Clement of Alexandria, 179;
teaching of, 138;
writings by, see Pædagogus;
cited in support of Petrine tradition, 10, 13;
on Christians living in the world, 146;
Clement VIII, Pope, and the finding of S. Cecilia’s body, 294, 297;
and S. Peter’s tomb, 282
Clermont, Sidonius Apollinaris, bishop of, 66
Clitumnus fountain, Pliny’s description of, 60
“Clivium Cucumeris, ad,” Catacomb so called, 275
Codex Sinaiticus, The Shepherd of Hermas included in, 179–80
Cœlian Hill, church on, Saints buried in, 249
“Cœmeterium Majus,” chief interest of, and other names of, 255, 257–8;
subterranean church in, 258
Cœmeterium Ostrianum, 255, 257, 271
“Cognitiones,” the, 43, 50
Cologne, relics of S. Laurence at, 255
Colosseum, the, martyrdoms in, 172
Column of the Passion, at S. Zeno’s chapel, 263
Commentaries on the Gospels, &c., by Theophilus of Antioch, 189
Commodilla, catacomb of, 236, 238
Apology of Athenagoras addressed to, 188
Attitude of, to Christians, 97, 147, 164, 208
Communion of Saints, early Christian view on, 307 et seq.
Constantine the Great (see also Peace of the Church), 197, 369
Basilicas built by, to
S. Agnes, 256–7
S. Paul, 237, 238
S. Peter, 233, 237–8, 273, 279–80, 282–3
Edict of Milan issued by, 150
Memoria built by, to S. Laurence, 250
Corinth, Epistles to, of S. Clement, S. Ignatius, S. Paul, and Pope Soter, see under Epistles
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, 10, 13
SS. Peter and Paul at, 10
Cornelius, Bishop or Pope, of Rome, and martyr, tomb of, 243;
discovery of, 246
on Almsgiving by the Roman Church, 105, 120;
on the number of the Christians at Rome, 105, 106
Council, the, of Jerusalem, 8
“Couples,” the, and the oral Law, 339, 340
Crassus, Consul, 56
Creation legends in “Book of Jubilees,” 377–8
Cremation, not practised by Jews, 4
Crescentius, martyr, tomb of, 266
Cross on S. Peter’s sarcophagus, 282–3
Cruelty, Pagan and Christian, Rutilius on, 159
Crusaders, Itineraries for, 210, 227
Crypts, famous, see Acilii Glabriones Lucina, Papal, Platonia, Prætextatus, SS. Cecilia, Januarius, Priscilla, Silanus, &c.
Age of, how determined, 267
Local indications of presence of, 228–9
Cyprus, Zealot revolt in, 334–5
Cyrene, Jews of, 346;
revolt of, 334–5
Cyrinus, martyr, tomb of, 243
Damasus, Pope, 263, 272, 301
Epistle of, honouring S. Felicitas, 259
Inscriptions of, aid of, to Catacomb explorers, 229–30;
and the Martyrs at tomb of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria, 261
Work of, in the Catacombs, decoration, inscriptions, and epitaphs, 152 n. 1, 215 & n. 1, 229–30, 249, 252, 275, 291–2, 296 n. 1, 297, 302, 305
Daniel, the prophet, and Idol-worship, 149
Book of, cited on Almsgiving, 121
David, King, 352
Dead, burying of, by Early Christians, 120, 131–3, 264
Death, Christian attitude to, 154–5, 309, 311
De Boissier, —, on Pliny’s letter, 46;
De Broglie, —, on Toleration shown by early Christian teachers, 142–3
martyrs in, 236;
reason for, 194
Decoration of Catacombs, evidence from, and teaching of, 225, 267, 268, 269, 292, 301–2, 308 et seq.;
portraits among, 296;
value of, to explorers, 229
Deissmann, Prof., on the Epistles, as written for publication, 71
Deities associated with Rome, 87, 89
De Rossi, G., Archæological work of, 209, 239, 246, 260, 261, 267
Results, 225, 230 et seq.
Value to, of Itineraries, 226 et seq., 242, 243, 246, 247
on Acilius Glabrio, 269;
on the Acts of S. Felicitas, 300;
on Cœmeterium Majus as S. Peter’s Baptistery, 257;
on Crypt of Lucina, 245;
on Epitaphs in the Catacombs, 310;
on the “Ostrian” Cemetery, 255, 257;
on the place of martyrdom of S. Chrysanthus, 260;
on Pudens, 265, 270;
on scenes of S. Peter’s work, 12, 257, 267, 271;
on S. Petronilla, 277;
on S. Priscilla’s Catacomb, 261–2;
on the Tomb of Ampliatus, 241–2;
on the Tombs of Sons of S. Felicitas, 301–2
Despots, the malady of, 26, 82
Deuteronomy, Rabbinic claim for last verses of, 343, 364
“Devising new things,” a crime under Domitian, 269
Dialogue with the Jew Trypho, by Justin Martyr, 184;
on Persecution, 185–6
Diana, worship of, 195
Didaché, the, teachings of, 138;
on Almsgiving, 121, 123;
on Assemblies, 108;
on Hospitality, 128;
on Slaves and Masters, 135
Diocletian, Emperor, 75
Baths of, 302
Christian relations of, 148
Christians at Court of, 147
official records of Roman martyrdoms destroyed in his reign, 225
Protracted, light on, from Catacombs, 231
Severity of, reaction after, 151
Diognetus, Letter to, by unknown writer, on Persecution, 177–8;
Dion Cassius, 75, 269;
on Domitian’s executions, 41;
on Nerva’s treatment of Christians, 171
Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria, on Christians at Court, 147;
on Roman generosity to other Churches, 131
Dionysius of Corinth, cited on Alms to other Churches from Rome, 130–1;
in support of Petrine tradition, 10, 13
Dionysius, Pope, martyr, tomb of, 243
“Domine quo vadis,” Church, and legend of, 239
Christian relatives of, 110, 112;
burial-place of, 240, 241
Emperor-worship enforced by, 170
Persecutions under, 32, 171, 172, 173, 174, 207, 255, 269;
reasons for, and severity of, 40–2, 194
Triumph of, 333
Domitilla, catacomb of, 261
Age, grandeur, and size of, 240, 266
Basilica in, 278
Builder of, 112
Discovery of, 230;
and discoveries in, 239, 240–2
Flavian tombs in, 277
S. Petronilla buried in, 279
Domitilla, two Princesses so named, martyred by Domitian, 41, 230
Doulcet,—, ref. to, 300
Dove, in Christian symbolism, 310
Drei, Benedetto, plan by, of Vatican Cemetery (ancient), 287–8
Duchesne,—, on Christianity as equivalent to Martyrdom, 37;
Eadburg, Queen, 279
Early Christian writers and teaching on Slavery, 135, 136–7
Ebert and others on relative dates of Tertullian and Minucius Felix, 186
Edict against Christians issued by Nero, 32, 54;
of Milan, 150
Education, difficulties concerning, of Early Christians, 141–2
Église, L’, Chrétienne, ref. by Renan, on Hermas’s Shepherd, 180
Église, L’, et l’Empire Romain, by De Broglie, on early Christian toleration, 142–3
Egypt, see Alexandria
Einsiedeln, Itinerary of, cited, 212;
date, 227
“Syllogæ” at, 230
Elders and Judges, and the Law, 339, 349
Elements of the Faith, by Theophilus of Antioch, 189
Eleutherius, Bishop or Pope of Rome, burial-place of, 287;
list of predecessors of, 15
Elisha, prophet, on Ceremonial idolatry, 149
Emblems used in the Catacombs, 310 et alibi
Ephesians, Epistles to, see Epistles
Ephesus, the “highway of martyrs,” 173
Epistles or Letters, anonymous, see Diognetus, Hebrews, Polycarp
Apostolic, 73–4;
on Persecution, 165, 166–7
of New Testament writers, 70–2
Catholic, 71, 72
Pastoral, 72
Patristic, on Persecution, 165, 170–6
by Various writers, Christian and Pagan;
see also S. Cyprian
Barnabas, 74
on Assemblies, 108;
on Christ’s atonement, 116–7
tradition on, 73
Cicero, 56–7, 58, 64, 67, 69, 71
Dionysius of Corinth to the Roman Church, 130–1
Pliny the younger (q.v.), 57, 59–62
Polycarp, 73, 125
S. Clement of Rome,
to the Corinthians, 73
teaching of, 138;
cited in support of Petrine tradition, 9
S. Ignatius of Antioch, 73
to Corinth, 108, 172–6
to Ephesus, 173
to Magnesians, 174
to Polycarp, 108
to Rome, 9, 37, 154, 173, 174–5, 199, 204–5
to Tralles, 173
S. James, meant for publication, 71;
on Assemblies, 107;
on wealthy Christians, 110;
on “pure religion,” 126
S. John,
First, meant for publication, 71, 72
Third, on Hospitality, 129
S. Jude, meant for publication, 71, 72
S. Paul, two classes of, 70–2
to Colossians, 23–4, 70
to Corinthians, 21
First, 134–5;
Haggadic influence in, 379
Second, 71
to Ephesians, nature of, 23, 70
to Galatians, 21, 135, 379
to Philemon, 71, 134
to Philippians, 23, 70, 154
Linus mentioned in, 283
to Thessalonians, 21
to Timothy, First and Second, 72, 379
to Titus, 72, 135
S. Paulinus of Nola to Sulpicius Severus, on his slave, 136–7
S. Peter, First, 71, 129;
to whom addressed, 107
Seneca, 57, 69, 71;
to Lucilius, 29
Sidonius Apollinaris, 64, 66–7
Soter, to Corinth, 104
Theophilus of Antioch, to Autolycus, 108–9, 189
Epitaphs (see also Inscriptions) in the Catacombs, Characteristics of, Christian, 154–5, 307–9;
Pagan, 154–5, 313–4
Equality without democracy among Early Christians, 38
Eschatologic trend of the Haggadah, 378
Esquiline Hill, church on, 262
Essenes, the, 330
Europe, Christian congregations in mid-second century, 36
Eusebian catalogue of Roman Bishops, value of, in support of Petrine tradition, 14, 15,
Armenian version of above, ib. ib.
Eusebius, Bishop or Pope of Rome, 128, 147, 187–8;
attempted exculpation by, of Trajan, 49;
burial-place of, 243;
identified, 243
cited in support of Petrine tradition, 10, 11–12, 14;
on Almsgiving, 120, 127;
on high offices filled by Christians, 149;
on the Plague, and on Christian charity, 127;
on Pliny’s correspondence with Trajan, 45;
on Theophilus of Antioch, 189
Evander, home of, 87
on Trajan as persecutor, 49
Evaristus, Bishop or Pope of Rome, burial-place of, 287
Exhortatio ad Martyrum, by Origen, 199
Exile of the Jews, in Babylonia,
Effect of, on their character, 348, 361, 371
Return from,
Rise of the Scribes on, 343, 356
Talmud, origin of, coeval with, 348
Ezra, 342, 343
Fabius, Bishop of Antioch, 105
Faith, in Early Christian Church, 39
Family life, early Christian difficulties in, 140–1
Rigourist teaching on, 153
Filocalus, Furius Dionysius, inscriptions cut by, 230;
fame of, 301
Fire of Rome, the great, 25;
attributed to Nero, 26–7, 28, 31, 285;
consequence of, to Christians and to Jews, 27–30
Martyrdom by, 28–30, 256;
unusual, 275
Flaccus, 3
Flavian Emperors, the (see also Domitian, Titus, and Vespasian), persecutions under, and reasons for, 39–42, 163 n. 1, 172, 173, 174;
tombs of, 277
Flavianus, Pope, martyr, tomb of, 243
Flavius Clemens, Consul, martyred by Domitian, 41
Florus, Procurator of Judea, 330
Forgiveness of Sin, consciousness of, joy from, 155–6
Formula for reply, of possible Martyrs, 199
Fortitude under Torture, Justin Martyr on, 185;
moral effect of, Lecky on, 193–4;
Roman view, 193, 205
Forum, the, 86, 89
Freedmen, in Rome, 137
Freeman, Prof., on S. Petronilla’s altar, at Gloucester, 279
Friedländer,—, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, 49
Fronto, 95, 145;
contempt of, for Christians, 158;
correspondence with Marcus Aurelius and his colleague, 63–4;
letters of, on Antoninus Pius, 85, 86–7
Galatians, Epistle to, see Epistles
Galba, Emperor, 39, 331
Gallerius, Emperor, and the cemeteries, 237
Gallus, Cestius, siege by, of Jerusalem, 330
Gamaliel, the elder, 366
Gaul (see also Lyons, Vienne, &c.), Visigoth invasion of, 66
exclusive spirit in, 366–8;
extravagances of, 347;
study of, 362–3;
Generosa, catacomb of, 235, 236
Genesis, Book of, Haggadic commentary on, 377–8
Gentle School of Christian teaching, 101, 157
Gieseler,—, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, 49
Ginsberg, Dr., work of, on Massoretic notes, 363–4
Gloucester Abbey, altar and chapel of S. Petronella at, 279
Gnosticism, rise of, concurrent with Rabbinism, 326
Good Shepherd, the, paintings of, in Catacombs, 248, 301, 308, 310, 317–20 & nn.
Gospel, the, at Rome, problem of its beginnings, tradition as to founder, 7;
literary quotations sustaining, 8, 9 et seq.
Gospels (see also under Names), Canonical, in circulation temp. Antonines, 96;
form of, 72;
power of, 103;
Government service, Christians in, difficulties of, 141, 144, 145, 147, 148–9
Graffiti in the Catacombs, 248, 251, 259
Great Synagogue, the Men of, 339, 340
Greece (see also Corinth), S. Paul’s missionary success in, 107
Gregory the Great, additions by, to Basilica of S. Paul, 238;
and the Monza labels, 214, 228, 303–4;
homily by, on S. Felicitas, 305;
prayer of, for Trajan, 49;
on the Acts of S. Felicitas, 300;
on reverence for tombs of great Saints, 283
Gregory IV, Pope, 275
Hadrian, Emperor, 104, 164, 182, 274;
accession and reign of, authorities on, 75;
buildings by, at Jerusalem, 77–8, 332, 335–6 et seq.;
character of, 75, 85;
death, last days, and insanity of, 82–3, 84, 335
reason for, 194
Rescript of, 80;
effect of, 180
Villa of, 82
Wars of, 325
Zealot revolt under, 334
detailed explanation of, 371 et seq., 377–9;
Divine inspiration claimed for, 365;
edited by R. Akiba, 356;
Talmud popularity largely due to, 371;
sources of, 372–3
Haggadic notices, nature of, 373;
Haggai, the prophet, and the oral Law, 339
Hagiographa, Divine inspiration ascribed to, 365
developments of, 376–7;
discussions on, 360;
editions of, by R. Akiba, 354–6,
and various classes in the Church, 124–5;
Hebrews, Epistle to the, 71, 72;
Haggadic influence seen in, 379;
on Christian Assemblies, 107;
on Charity, 130;
on Hospitality, 128–9;
on Persecution, 165, 166
Hegesippus, list by, of Roman Bishops, 15
Heretical teachers, second century, successful contentions of Christians with, 37
teaching of, 138, 179, 182–3
Herod family, 3, 329
Herod the Great, 340
Herodians, 329
Hillel, 356;
attempt of, to edit Mishnah material, 351;
codification work of, 356 n. 1;
and Shammai, 339,
debt to, of Rabbinism, 340
Historia Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestriæ, on Royal burials near S. Petronilla’s altar, 279
Histories of Tacitus (q.v.), the Lost, passage from (alleged) on destruction of the Temple, 331 & n. 1, 332
History of European Morals, by Lecky, on Christian charity, 137–8;
on Christian fortitude and its effects, 193–4;
Honorius, Emperor, 56, 252–3;
and the Basilica of S. Paul, 238
Honorius I, Pope, 276;
and the Basilica of S. Pancras, 235
Honorius III, Pope, additions by, to S. Paul’s Basilica, 238;
and the Basilicas to S. Laurence, 250
Honorius IV, Pope, the Talmud condemned by, 366
Hope, Christian, for the joy of the Future Life, 156–8, 311;
evidence of Catacombs on, 268
Horatius and the bridge, 87
Hospitality, in the early Church, 128–9;
in provision of graves, 38
Hyginus, Pope, burial-place of, 287
Idol-worship (see also Incense), Ceremonial, attitude to, of Rigourist and opposite schools, 144–5, 147, 148;
Old Testament attitude to, 149;
Tertullian on, 203
Immortality, Christian ideas on, 156–8
Imperial cultus, see Emperor-worship
Families, Christian members of, 110, 112, 148, 240, 241
Household, Christians in, 147
Incense, offering of (see also Idol-worship), test for Christians, 52, 53, 181, 194–6
Insanity of despots, see Hadrian and Nero
Inscriptions in the Catacombs (see also Damasus), 237, 251, 267, 268, 271, 285, 296–7, 301
Greek, 256–7;
age witnessed by, 267, 268
“Graffiti,” later, 229
Teaching of, 219, 220, 225, 307
Value of, to explorers, 229
Inspiration, claimed for Haggadah, 365;
of Jewish Scriptures, Talmud view on, 364–5;
of New Testament writings, 70;
voice of, cessation of, 73
Invocation of Saints, not generally taught in Catacombs, 312
list of Roman Bishops by, 15;
cited in support of Petrine tradition, 10, 14
on Christians at Court, 147;
on the founding of the Roman Church by SS. Peter and Paul and on Linus, 15;
on numbers of Christians at Rome, 104, 106, 107;
on Polycarp and his memories of S. John, 73
Isaiah, the prophet, 365;
cited on Forgiveness of Sins, 155
Israel, Glorification of, the object of the Talmud, 345
Itineraries, Pilgrim (see also Names), value of, to explorers of Catacombs, &c., 209 et seq., 227–8, 242, 243, 246, 247
Jannes and Jambres, source of names of, 379
Jerusalem, Ælia Capitolina built on site of, 332, 335–6;
result, 336–8;
Hadrian’s insults at, to Christianity, 77–8
Apostolic Council at, S. Peter at, 8
Fall and destruction of, effect on Jewish nation, 22, 39, 340, 342, 346–8, 351, 353, 355, 357, 362, 368
Parties in, before first great war, 329–30
Sieges of, in order of date, by Gallus, 330;
Vespasian, 331;
Titus, 331–3;
Severus, 337
Taken by Pompey, 3
Jesus Christ (see also Christ), Godhead of, importance of the testimony of Apostolic Fathers in regard to, 74
Jew, the, and the Talmud (Book V.), 325 et seq.
Jewish Encyclopædia, cited on the life of Rabbinic schools, 359
Jewish heroes, Haggadic legends of, 378
Learning, stimulus to, of Talmudic study, 369
National ideals as affected by War of Extermination, 78–9
Scriptures, Canonical, 361;
inspiration of, 364–5
Jews, attitude of, to the Gospel, reasons for, 7
Discrimination of, from Christians by Romans, progress of, 27, 30, 78, 79, 80, 92, 164
of the Dispersion, influence on, of Rabbinism, 339–41;
and of the Talmud, 339 et seq., 368–9
Fate of, after last wars, 325–6
History of, in Old Testament and after, 325–6;
evidential importance of, to Christianity, 325, 326
Persecutions of, and martyrs of, 336, 337, 338
Preservation of, as distinct race, 326;
cause of, 339, 345–7
in Rome, 3–6, 346;
expulsion of, 8, 18, 25;
Roman attitude to beliefs of, 3, 39;
rulers favourable to, 3
Twentieth Century, distinct, still, as race, 326;
influence of, 346;
numbers of, 369
Wars of, the three last, story of, and of consequences, 77, 78–9, 80, 325, 329 et seq., 354
Jochanan ben Zacchai, Rabbi, and his school of disciples, work of, on the Mishna, 341, 353;
teaching of, 358
John, the Abbot, 228
John, the Deacon, 49
John, King, desired burial-place of, 321
John, the Presbyter, cited on S. Mark, 9–10
Jordani, catacomb of, 258, 260;
tombs in, of sons of S. Felicitas, 259, 303
Joseph of Arimathea, 110
Joseph the patriarch, and idol-worship, 149
Josephus, on the burning of the Temple, 331
Joshua, and the oral Law, 339
Judæa, Roman rule over, 329;
and revolts against (see also Jews, Wars of, and Zealots), 329 et seq.
Judaism, Authority and Influence of the Talmud on, 368–9
Julia Sabina, wife of Hadrian, 75
Julian, Emperor, 75
Letter from, to Arsacius, on Christian characteristics, 131;
Julianus, Pope, martyr, tomb of, 243
Julius Cæsar, 56;
favour shewn by, to Jews, 3
Julius I, Pope, 276
Jupiter, worship of, test for Christians, 194, 195
compared with Theophilus of Antioch, 189;
martyrdom of, 94, 104, 184;
teaching of, 138
on Aid to Prisoners, 130;
on Almsgiving, 113–4, 119, 129;
on Assemblies, 108, 113–4;
on Care of the Sick, 127;
on Christian fortitude, 185;
on Christ’s atonement, 117;
on highly-placed Christians, 111;
on Hospitality, 113–4, 128, 129;
on the numbers of Christians, 104, 106, 107;
on Persecutions, 37, 184–6;
on progress of Christianity, 107
Talmud condemned by, 365
Justus, and S. Nicomedes, 255–6
on the ideal Roman, 88;
on Roman Society, 58
Kimchi, D., famous Rabbinist, 369
Kyneburg, Abbess of Gloucester, 279
Lactantius, on Almsgiving, 122;
on Care for widows and orphans, 126–7;
on Christian virtues, and burial of the dead, 131–2, 133;
on Persecutions, 32
Lanciani,—, 236,
cited on Basilica of S. Paul, 238
Languages, of Christian Epitaphs in Catacombs, 308
Latin language, debt of, to Cicero, 58
Law, Mosaic (see Torah and Midrash), Commentaries on, see Haggadah, Halachah, Midrash, Talmud, Targumim, &c.
Roman, on treatment of Christians, 32, 49
“Law upon the Lip,” tradition on, 339
Lecky, W. H., cited, see History of European Morals
Leland’s Itinerary, on cult of S. Petronilla (Petronell), 278–9
Leo III, Pope, translation of S. Felicitas and Silanus by, 259, 302
Leo IV, Pope, saints translated by, 249;
on tombs of Priscilla and Aquila, 262
Letter-form, of Apostolic “remains,” 73;
in Literature, reason of popularity, 70–1;
sole O.T. instance of, 69
Letters (see also Epistles), by Classical writers and others, in Roman literature, 56 et seq.
meant for publication, 56, 61–2, 65, 66, 67, 68;
not so meant, 63
others, by Christians modelled on these lines, 69 et seq.
Liber Pontificalis, antiquity of, 15;
value of, to Catacomb explorers, 226–7
cited on Basilica of Constantine the Great at S. Peter’s tomb, 282;
on Novatus, 264;
on S. Priscilla’s catacomb, burials in, 266;
Liberian or Philocalian catalogue, cited in support of Petrine tradition, 14, 15;
on burials in S. Priscilla’s cemetery, 266;
on the tomb of S. Felicitas and her sons, 301, 302–3, 304
Liberius, Pope, 301;
burial-place of, 272
Licinius, 29
on the Acts of the Passion of S. Felicitas, 300;
on Caius, 11;
on the date of Octavius, 186;
on Ignatius, 73;
authenticity of his (so-called) Epistles, 172–3;
his letter to the Roman Church, 9;
his yearning for martyrdom, 175;
on The Shepherd, of Hermas, 180;
on S. Hippolytus, 11, 251–2;
on S. Laurence, 254;
on S. Peter (and S. Mark) in Rome, 10, 18;
on S. Petronilla, 277
Linus, Pope, first Bishop of Rome after S. Peter, 12, 15;
burial-place of, 283, 287;
Jerome on, 14;
“Memoria” chapel of, Papal burial-place in church on site of, 273
Lister, Jane, epitaph of, 309
Literary witness to Martyrs’ histories rehabilitated by De Rossi’s excavations, 225, 230–1
to Numerousness of Martyrs, 209 et seq.
to Persecution, A.D. 64–80, 163 et seq.
Lombards, the, 293, 297
Lorium, country home of Antoninus Pius, 86, 87
Love as bond of Christians, 118–9
Lucilius, Seneca’s letters to, 29
Lucina, Catacomb or Cemetery of, in a garden, 234, 236, 238, 239;
S. Paul’s burial-place, 236;
S. Sebastian’s burial-place, 244
Crypt of, identification of, 245
Lucius Quietus, Roman general, 335
Lucius Verus, Fronto’s correspondence with, 63
indication from, of crypt below, 229
Lyons, birthplace of Sidonius Apollinaris, 65
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, 9, 13
Martyrdoms at, 94, 201, 208;
Pliny’s letters read to an audience, 61
Maccabean dynasty, agreements made by, with Rome, 3
Maccabees, story in, like that of S. Felicitas, 258, 298
Madaurian persecutions, 94
statue of S. Cecilia by, 294;
Magnesia, Epistle to, of Ignatius, 173, 174
Mahommedanism, spread of, compared with that of Christianity, 102
Maimonides, famous Rabbinist, 369;
on the fathers of Rabbinism, 339
Manuals of Martyrdom, 199
Marcellinus, Pope and martyr, burial-place of, 266;
identified, 231
Marcellus, Pope and martyr, burial-place of, 266, 272
Marchi, Father, archæological work of, 209, 224
Marcia, patronage by, of Christians, 147
Marcion, 189
Marcius Turbo, Roman general, 335
Marcomanni, war with, 95
Marcus, burial-place identified, 231
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus adopted by Antoninus Pius and successor to him, 83, 145, 245, 292;
attitude of, to Christians, 33, 64, 80, 158
Character of, 84 et seq., 189
Correspondence of, with Fronto, 63–4
Death of, 164
“Meditations” by, 85–6, 96–7;
on Antoninus Pius, 85–6;
Christian pages of, 147;
on his religious ideas, 96–7
its one reference to Christians, 96–7
and reasons for, 81, 91–7, 137, 194;
martyrs in, 184, 258–9, 264, 266, 289, 290, 291, 298 et seq., 305
Melito’s discourse on, written to, 187–8
Table of succession of, 83
Marriage, Rigourist teaching on, 153
Mars, 195
attitude of, to the old Roman virtue, 88
Martyrdom, aspiration to, checked by the Church, 154
Attraction of (see Ignatius), 37, 153 et seq.
Schools of training for, 33, 36, 145
Physical training for, 198, 201–3
Spiritual training, 198–201
Results, 203–5
Spirit in which faced, 205 et prævi
Martyres, Ad, by Tertullian, 199;
on Physical training, 202
Martyrii, De Laudi, 199;
on Christian fortitude in torture, 193
Martyrologies, literary sources of, in many instances rehabilitated by De Rossi’s catacomb excavations, 225, 230–1;
on Confessors buried in Catacomb of Commodilla, 239
Martyrology of S. Jerome, value of, to Catacomb explorers, 226
Martyrs, Apocalyptic references to, 37, 157, 167–70
Burial and burial-places of (see Catacombs, Cemeteries, and Itineraries), 285–6;
Formula for, of reply to judge, 199
Hermas on, 181
under Nero (q.v.), 267–8, 285–6
Numbers of, emphasized, 33;
Christian and Pagan witness to, 208
Second-century, rarity of Festivals of, 208
Seed of the Church, 196, 203
Slaves, famous, 136
Tombs of, 300 et passim
Traces of, in S. Peter’s Memoria, 284–5
Martyrum, De Gloriâ, by S. Gregory of Tours, cited on tragedy at tomb of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria, 261
Martyrum, De Locis SS., cited 210–11, 303;
on numbers of martyrs, 212, 213, 214
Marucchi,—, archæological researches and work of, 12, 42, 234, 239, 263, 301;
identification by, of S. Peter’s baptistery, 12, 257
on Acilius Glabrio, 269
on Catacomb of S. Priscilla as associated with S. Peter, &c., 257, 267, 268, 270, 271, 273;
on its immensity and regularity, 271
on the Domitilla Cemetery, 240
on Excavations, results of, attained and anticipated, 231–2
on Nicomedes’ cemetery, reservoir in, 256
on Papal burial-places, 273
on S. Felicitas’s tomb, and those of her sons, 302, 303
on the Thrason Catacomb, 260
on the veneration paid to S. Laurence, 250
Massorah, the, 361 et seq.;
Massoretes, the, duties of, 361–2
Massoretic notes on the sacred Jewish texts, 362–4
Mauritanian martyrdoms, 208
Meir, Rabbi, codification of Talmud by, 356;
maxims of, on Women, 367
Melito, Bishop of Sardis, on Hospitality, 128;
on Persecution, 32, 187–8;
Memoriæ or Chapel-Tombs of Apostles, at Rome, locale of, 11, 233, 281 et seq.;
testimony of, to Petrine tradition, 17
Mental guerdons of Christianity, 154–9
Messiah, hopes of, revolts due to, 330, 334
pseudo, revolts caused by, 336 et seq., 354–5
Midrash, definition of, 371
Explained, two currents in, 350, 351
Subject-matter of, 376–7
Midrashim, the, 360
Milman, Dean, on the style of the Octavius of Minucius Felix, 186–7
Minucius Felix (see Octavius by), 158
Miracles, Talmudic teaching on, 365
Mishnah (see also Haggadah, Halachah, and Talmud);
basis of, 361;
how studied, 359–60, 362–3;
curiosities of, 346–7;
Divine inspiration claimed for, 365;
evolution of, 341, 342–4;
exclusive spirit in, 366–8;
oral at first, 344;
in the two Talmuds, 344–5;
on the history of the Talmud, 339–40
Mishnah, the non-canonical, 360, 373
on Pliny’s letter, 46
Monza Catalogue and Labels, story of, evidence of, on numerousness of martyrs, 214–5, 228;
reference in to S. Felicitas and her sons, 303–4;
use of, to catacomb explorers, 228
Mosaic work, oldest, in Roman church, 263
Mosaism, destruction of, 341
Moses, 348, 349;
and the Law, 339
Mucius Scævola, torture of, 187
Muratorian Canon, on date of The Shepherd of Hermas, 178–9
Mutual aid between Christian Churches, inculcated, 130–1
Naaman, the Syrian, and Idol-worship, 149
Nævius, the augur, 87
Naples, memorial at, of S. Agnes, 256–7
Death of, 207, 331
Edict of, against Christians, 32, 54
Fire at Rome attributed to, 26–7, 28, 31, 285
Insanity of, 26
Jews in Rome in reign of, 5
burnings under, 28–30;
S. Peter martyred during, 267, 285–6;
Tacitus’s references to, 62
New Testament, the, writers of, and writings, see also under names of Authors, and of Books, and see Epistles
Assemblies mentioned in, 101
Haggadic influences seen in, 378–9
Inspiration of, 70
Publication intended, Deissmann on, 71
References in, to Persecution, 165, 166–70
Teaching of, on Hospitality, 128–9;
and on Slavery, 134–5
Witness of, to spread of Christianity, 107
Nicholas, Pope, 226
Nicodemus and other persons of position among Early Christians, 110–12
Nicomedia, Court of, Christians at, 147–8
Nîmes, birthplace of Antoninus Pius, 83
Nomeseus, martyr, 211
Northcote, Dr., on Early Christian faith as shown in Catacomb inscriptions, 310
“Notices” on the founding of the Roman Church, as bearing on tradition of S. Peter, 8, 9 et seq.
Novatus, Baths of, 264, 265
Numerian, Emperor, persecution under, 260
OCTAVIUS, Dialogue by Minucius Felix, 138, 145–6, 186–7;
on Christian love, 119, 129;
on Christians in high place, 111;
on persecution, 186–7
Old Testament, Books of, text of, Jewish care of, and commentaries on, 342 et seq., 370, 371–9
Earliest Hebrew MSS. of, 363
History in, value of, 325
Letter in, the one, 69
Teaching of, on Almsgiving, 121
Onesimus, and S. Paul, 134
Oral teaching in Rabbinic Schools, 357–60
Origen, modified Rigourism of, 146;
teaching of, 139;
identification by, of Hermas, 178;
veneration of, for The Shepherd, by Hermas, 179;
writings by, on Martyrdom, 199
Osric, King of Northumbria, burial-place of, 279
Ostia, 145, 186–7, 235, 236
Ostian Way, Memoria of Apostle on, 11
Ostrian Cemetery, other names of, 255, 257, 271
Otho, Emperor, 39, 331
Overbach,—, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, 49
on Christians in the world, 146
Pagan attitude to Christianity, and its basis (see also Persecutions), 28, 30–4, 35, 36, 51, 77, 137, 142–3, 158–9, 164–5, 194, 196–7
Attitude to death, 134, 313–4
Ideas on Christian misery, 158–9
Neglect to bury the dead, 132
Neglect of the poor, 128
Writings, witnessing to Persecutions (see Pliny’s letter to Trajan), 36;
and to spread of Christianity, 107
Paganism (passim), at core of Roman Empire, De Broglie on, 142–3;
displaced by Christianity, when, and why, 150, 151
Pain, unfelt by Martyrs, testimony to, 200
Palaces, Christians in, 110–11, 147, 149
Palatine Hill, palace on, of the Emperors, 86, 89;
Palestine (see also Gemara and Talmud), Rabbinic Schools of, 326, 344, 362–3, 373;
mode of teaching at, 357–60
Roman occupations of, and Rabbinism, 340
Traces of the last “War” still seen in, 338–9
Palestinian Talmud, the, 345
Pallanteum, rebuilt by Antoninus, 87
Palm, as Christian Emblem, 310
Pantheon, portico of, robbed for Pope Urban’s baldachino, 280
Crypt, named after Pope Callistus (see also Papal burial-places), 234, 236–7, 242, 244 et seq., 273, 287, 296, 297
Papias of Hierapolis, cited in support of Petrine tradition, 9, 10, 13, 14
Paschal I, Pope, 227, 273, 276, body of S. Cecilia found by, 292–4;
and translated, 294, 297;
Church of S. Cecilia built by, 292;
translation by, of Martyrs’ remains, 235, 262, 263, 295
Vision of, 293
Passions of the Martyrs, oft-repeated answer given in, 199
of S, Perpetua, on Insensibility of Martyrs to Pain, 200
Pastor (not The Shepherd, q.v.), 264
Patristic views of The Shepherd of Hermas, 179
Paul, the Deacon, 49
Paul I, Pope, 227, 273;
translation by, of Martyrs’ ashes, 235;
especially of S. Hippolytus, 254
Paul V, Pope, 257, discoveries made by, in Vatican cemetery, 280–1 et seq., 287;
work of, on S. Peter’s at Rome, 279–80
“Pax Romana,” the, 58
Peace of the Church, the, 29–30, 203, 215, 228, 259, 263, 266, 272, 276, 302, 309
Pilgrimages to Rome after, 209, 216, 228, 251
Pentateuch (see also Halachah), as canon of Jewish Scripture, post-exilian days, 361;
reverence felt for, 342, 343, 361;
Talmudic view of its inspiration, 364–5
Pepin, King, translation by, of S. Petronilla, 279
Pergamos, Church of, message of Apocalypse to, 168, 169–70
on S. Hippolytus, 252–4
Persecutions of Christians, see also Tacitus on
Beginning, 27–9, 103, 104
Continuity, 29 et seq., 80, 207;
and increasing intensity, 80, 81–3
End, 29
Reasons for, 28, 30, 31, 32, 39 et seq.
Reference to, in The Shepherd of Hermas, 180 et seq.
Under the Antonines, 80, 81, 94
Decius Aurelius, 97
Diocletian, 97;
severity of, 151
Flavian emperors, 39 et seq.
Hadrian and his successors, 79, 80,
reasons, 91–7
of Jews, 346
Petro or Petros, as basis of name Petronilla, 277
Petro, T. Flavius, founder of Flavian family, 277
Pharisees, 329–30;
after the Dispersion, 341
Philemon, S. Paul’s Epistle to, 71, 134
Philip, Emperor, lenient to Christians, 97
Philip, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, 259
Philippians, Epistle to, see Epistles
Phœbe of Cenchrea, 110
Physical preparation for Martyrdom (see also Schools of Martyrdom), 198, 201–3
Pilgrim Guides (see also Itineraries), witness of, to numerousness of Martyrs, 210
Pilgrims, visits of, to Rome, 209, 216, 226, 228, 251;
favourite tombs of, 244, 260, 275, 294, 296, 297;
traces of, in Catacombs, 248, 251
“Pittacia,” the, references in, to S. Felicitas and her sons, 303, 304
burial-place of, 287;
Pius IX, Pope, and the rediscovery of the Callistus Catacomb, 246
Placidia, and the Basilica of S. Paul, 238
Plato, works of, 146
Platonia Chamber or Crypt, Cemetery of S. Sebastian, temporary tomb of SS. Peter and Paul, 237, 243;
tomb of S. Sebastian near, 244
Plautius, 245
Pliny the Elder, 57
Pliny the Younger, family career and character of, 57–9
Letters of, in general, described and discussed, 59–62;
features of, 71;
value of, 57
to Tacitus, 62
to Trajan, and information in, on Christianity, 27, 32, 33, 35 n. 1, 36, 45 et seq., 50, 53–5, 56–7, 60 n. 1, 62, 75–8, 103 & n. 2, 106, 107, 110, 177
Summary of, 67
Trajan’s Rescript in reply, 53–4
Literary followers of, 64–8
Roman appreciation of, as writer, 63, 65
Rules of, for letter-writers, 67
Villa of, 60
on joys of simple living, 88–9;
on social status of Asiatic Christians, 110
Plotina, Empress, and Hadrian, 75
Plumbatæ, torture of, 295, 300 n. 1
Political reasons for Roman attitude to Christianity (see also Paganism), 28, 30, 31–4, 39 et seq.
Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, 251;
scholar of S. John Evangelist, 73;
letters of, see Epistles;
letters to, of Ignatius, 108, 172;
on Christian charity, 125
Pompey, Consul, 56;
first Roman ruler of Judea, 329;
Jerusalem taken by, 3
Pomponia Græcina, identified with Lucina of the Crypt, 245
Pontianus, catacomb of, 211, 235
Baptistery in, 236
Pontianus, Bishop of Rome, or Pope, martyr, tomb of, 252
Pontius, on Christian Charity at Carthage, 127
Pontus, Christians in (see also Bithynia), 45, 50
Popes (or Bishops) of Rome (see under individual Names, see also Papal burial-places), martyred, tombs of, with other Martyrs, 243
Poppæa, Empress, friendly to Jews, 27
Porsenna, 87
Portraits in the Catacombs, 296, 302
Portus, Bishop of, see S. Hippolytus Port of Rome, 235
Prayers of the Dead, besought by Early Christians, 309–10, 311–2
S. Cyprian on, 312
Prætextatus, catacomb of, 242, 246–8, 259, 262, 295;
tomb of S. Januarius in, discovery of, 301–2;
S. Zeno buried in, 276
Priests as converts, 110
Priscilla (and Aquila), 110, 265–6
Catacomb of, 213;
discovery of, 230
Prisoners, Christian aid to, 130
Prophets, the, 339;
books of, 361;
inspiration of, Talmud on, 365;
Schools of, 343, 349
Publius, Prefect of Rome, and the martyrdom of S. Felicitas, 299
Pudens, burial-place of, 264, 265, 266;
house, &c., of, on the Aventine, legends connecting with S. Peter, 12, 15, 263;
and with S. Paul, 265, 269;
question of his family, 270;
tradition, on him and his daughter, 263–5, 270
“Quatuor Coronati,” Saints, burial-places of, 249;
church of, ib.,
relics in, of S. Hippolytus, 255
Quintilian, the earliest Ciceronian, 58
Quo vadis legend, locality associated with, 273, 274
Talmud codification by, 356–7;
Literature (extra-Talmudic), 360
Schools (see also Babylonian, and Palestinian), 326, 353, 354–5, 362–3, 368, 372, 373;
foundation of, 326, 340, 341;
influence of, on Christian belief, 327;
and on Christian love of Old Testament, 327;
method of teaching, 357–60;
work of, on the Gemara, 344–5
Rabbinism, famous scholars of (see Akiba, Gamaliel, Hillel, Meir, “Rab,” Rabbi, Shammai, &c.), nature of, and influence of, on Christianity, 326–7;
and on the Jews of the Dispersion, 339;
new school of, aims of, 353, 355;
spirit of, adverse to Christianity, 366 et seq.;
traditional history of, 339–40
Rabbis, authority of, as successors to the Sanhedrim, 357;
supporting Bar-cochab, 78, 336, 354, 355
Rabbis of the Dispersion, and the Law, 341, 342–3;
books evolved by, 343–5
on Epistles of Ignatius as showing contemporary conditions of Christianity, 173, 174;
on Persecution of Christians as a police measure, by Rome, 31, 32;
on Pliny’s letter, 46;
Raschi, famous Rabbinist, 369
Ravenna, 303;
Regulus, tortures of, 187
Relic-hunting in the Catacombs, results of, 224
Religious faith of Jews in Rome, first century, 4–6
on Octavius by Minucius Felix, 145, 146;
and on his literary style, ib., 60;
on The Shepherd, of Hermas, 180;
on Trajan as persecutor, 49
Reservoirs or wells, in Catacombs and Chapels (see also Baptisteries), 256, 263, 264, 267, 270, 271–2
Reuchlin,—, advocate of the Talmud, 366
Rhea Sylvia, 87
Rigourist School of Christian teaching, 101, 144–5, 150–2, 153–4
Rimmon-worship, Naaman’s dispensation concerning, 149
“Rock, the spiritual, that followed them,” origin of reference, 379
Roman attitude to Christianity, 39 et seq.
Roman attitude to Slaves, and to Freedmen, 134, 137;
Christians, saluted in S. Paul’s Epistle to Romans, 17, 21
Church, the, in early days, classes composing, 182, 269–70
Early importance of, 16, 17, 21
Founders of (see also S. Paul and S. Peter), 7 et seq., 16–19, 22, 23, 24, 70
Generosity of, to other Churches, 131
Inner life of, information on, from the Catacombs, 219 et seq.
Letter to, of Ignatius, 9
S. Paul’s praise of, 21
Empire, numbers of Early Christians in great centres of, 106
Paganism (q.v.), interwoven in, 142–3
Literature, dearth of, second to fourth century, 63, 67
Epistolary forms, nature of, after Cicero, 56–7
Letters in, question of influence on N.T. writers, 69–72
Renaissance, in fourth and fifth centuries, 64 et seq.
Myths depicted on coins of Antoninus Pius, 87, 90
first and second century, Pliny on, 58–60;
fourth century, Symmachus on, 65;
fifth century, Sidonius on, 67
Tribute to Christian fortitude, 193
Rome, see also Popes under Names
Archæological investigators of, see De Rossi, Marchi, Marucchi, &c.
Basilicas in, third century, 112
Chief arena of Martyrdom, 175
Christians in, 16;
Assemblies of, 113 et seq.
Behaviour of, in trial, 180–1
Estimate of, in third century, 105
Life of, 101 et seq.
Some of high social status, 110–12, 147, 149
Church of, see Roman Church
Churches in, the most ancient, 263
Those holding relics of S. Hippolytus, 255
Dead, Roman and Christian treatment of (see also Catacombs), 131–3
Devotion to, of the Antonines, 89–90
Earliest founder of, 87
Fire of, under Nero, 25–6;
consequences to Jews and Christians, 27–30
Gospel first brought to, tradition on, and literary support of the same, 7, 8, 9 et seq.
Hadrian’s works in, 76
Jewish agreements with, under Maccabees, 3
Colonists in, and the Rabbinic School, 353
Sabbath observed in, 3
Jews in, 3–6, 346;
expulsion of, 8, 18, 25;
Roman attitude to beliefs of, 3, 39;
rulers favourable to, 3
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, 9, 13
Memoriæ of the Apostles in, 11
Attitude of, to Christianity, 39 et seq.;
reasons for, 89, 91–7
Religion of, support to, of best emperors, 87 et seq.
Rule of, over Judæa, 329, 340;
revolts against (see Wars), 329 et seq., 342, 345, 353
S. Paul’s stay in, 17, 21–24;
and Martyrdom at, 9
and Martyrdom at, 8;
burial-place in, see Vatican Hill
Slavery in, 134
Rome proper, burial-place in, of S. Paul, 236;
Catacombs in, Itineraries on, 211–4
Romulus and Remus, 87
Rusticus, Roman prefect, 94, 104
Sabbath, the, non-Jewish observance of, Rome, 3
Sabinilla, burial of S. Valentinus by, 276
Sacramentum, of Pliny, 52
Sadducees, 329;
last heard of, 341
S. Abdon, burial-place of, 235, 236
S. Achilles, martyr, burial-place and tomb of, 211, 240, 241, 278;
story confirmed by excavations, 230
S. Adauctus, burial-place of, 239;
shrine of, 211
History of, 247;
tomb of, 243, 247
basilica of, Catacombs around, 212–3, 255;
burial-place of, identified, 231;
martyrdom and story of, 256;
other martyrs buried with, 214–5;
urn of, 258;
recently seen, 257
S. Alexander, burial-place of, 303
S. Athanasius, veneration of, for Hermas’s Shepherd, 179
on Burial near the Saints, 322;
on S. Laurence, 254
S. Balbinus, Catacomb of, 239
S. Barnabas, Apostle, 110
S. Basilissa, see (infra) S. Hermes and
S. Blandina, slave and martyr, 136;
pain unfelt by, 200
S. Calepodius, catacomb of, 234
S. Callistus, later, Pope, custodian of cemeteries, 245, 291
Catacomb of, 242, 244–6;
Crypt of S. Cecilia in, 290–1, 293 n. 1;
discovery of, 246;
Lucina area of, antiquity of, 266;
Papal burial-place or Crypt in (q.v.), 287, 291;
why chosen, 273
S. Castulus, martyr, catacomb of, 249
S. Cecilia, church of, Rome, 292 et seq.;
her body in, 294, 297
discovery of, 231;
other martyrs buried in, 214, 243;
rediscovery of, 289 et seq.
Martyr relatives of, 247
Story of, 290 et seq.
Translation of, 294, 297
S. Chrysanthus and S. Daria, Basilica of, sons of S. Felicitas laid near, 303;
site of their martyrdom, 260;
tragedy at, 261
S. Chrysostom, on Almsgiving, 122
cited on Petrine tradition, 10
Epistles of, see under Epistles
Ordination of, by S. Peter, tradition on, 11
Tradition on his Apostolic teachers, 73
on Assemblies, 108;
on care for widows and orphans, 126;
on Christians accused of firing Rome, 27;
on Christ’s Atonement, 115;
on the deaths of S. Peter and of S. Paul, 171;
on early persecutions, 37, 165, 170–2;
on hospitality, 128;
on progress of Christianity, 107;
on S. Peter’s martyrdom, 9
S. Constantia, church of, origin of, 263
S. Cornelius, other martyrs buried with, 214–5
and his congregation, charity of, 123, 127
Death of, 146
Flight of, 147
Letter of, ad Thibaritanos, a martyrs’ manual, 199
Teaching of, 139
Writers on, cited, see Benson, and Pontius
on Almsgiving, 121–2;
on Carthaginian generosity to other Churches, 131;
on the Dead as concerned for the Living, 312;
on Death, 155;
on Hospitality, 128;
on insensibility of Martyrs to pain, 200;
on Martyrs’ training, 198;
on Persecutions (third century), 37
S. Cyriaca, burial-place of, 212, 250
S. Daria, once a Vestal, site of her martyrdom, 260, 303
S. Denis, Abbey of, ashes of S. Hippolytus at, 255
S. Domitilla, Basilica of, 257
S. Emerentiana, slave and martyr, 136;
burial-place of, 255, 257;
identified, 231
Catacomb of, 255
Urn of, 258;
recently seen, 257
S. Epimachus, catacomb of, 249
S. Felicissimus, martyr, 301, 302;
history of, 247;
tomb of, 243, 247
Catacomb of, her tomb in a basilica over, 213, 259;
discovered, 260, 302
Martyr sons of, and their tombs, 213, 248;
Story of, 258;
confirmed by archæology, 259–60, 298 et seq.
Translation of, 259, 302
on Insensibility to pain, 200
S. Felix (and S. Adauctus), burial-place of, 239
S. Felix, cemetery of, 211, 235–6
S. Felix, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, 259, 266, 272, 274, 302–3
S. Felix, other martyrs buried with, 214–5
S. Felix of Nola, martyr, church of, at Nola, 321;
S. Flavian, Vision of, cited, on Martyrs’ insensibility to pain, 200
S. Gall, “sylloge” in library of, 230
S. Genesius, martyr, once an actor, tomb of, 251
S. Gordianus, catacomb of, 249
S. Gregory Nazianzen, on unity of martyrs, 285
S. Gregory of Tours, on the group-martyrdom at tomb of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria, 261
S. Helena, Empress, cross of, laid on S. Peter’s sarcophagus, 282;
tomb of, 249
S. Hermes, translation of, 275
and S. Basilissa, catacomb of, 274–5
S. Hippolytus (of Portus), 11, 151;
catacomb and basilica of, 250–5, 262;
discovery of, by De Rossi, 251, 254
Churches dedicated to, or connected with, 254–5
Lightfoot cited on, 251–2
Pupil of Irenæus, 251
Relics of, 255
Statue of, 252
Tomb of, 251;
Prudentius on, 252–4
Translation of, 254
S. Hyacinthus, martyr, tomb of, 275
S. Ignatius of Antioch, Bishop and martyr, 315;
Epistle of, see Epistles;
Martyrdom desired by, 37, 110, 154, 204–5;
date of, 73
cited in support of Petrine tradition, 9, 13;
on Assemblies, 108;
on Christ’s Atonement, 115;
on his yearning for Martyrdom, 204–5;
on influential Christians at Rome, 110;
on persecutions, 37, 165, 172–6;
on progress of Christianity, 107;
on Roman generosity, 131
S. James, Epistle of, see under Epistles
discovery of, 231;
veneration of, 259
S. Jerome, Catalogue of Roman Bishops by, 14, 15
on S. Agnes, 256;
on S. Peter’s date of arrival in Rome, 14;
on The Shepherd, of Hermas, 179
S. John, Evangelist, 62, 251
Apocalypse of, 37, 156–7, 165, 167–70
Death of, 103, 114, 118, 165
Epistles of, see under Epistles
Martyrdom of, 11
Polycarp’s anecdotes of, 73
Prominence of, in Asia Minor, 9
S. Justus, martyr, tomb of, 250
S. Laurence, 254;
basilica and tomb of, 250, 257;
martyrs buried under, 212
Churches dedicated to, 250, 254
S. Marcellinus, see S. Peter and, infra
S. Marcus, catacomb of, 239
S. Mark, Gospel of, source and place of origin, 10, 14
Relations of, with S. Peter, 9, 10, 14, 22
S. Martialis, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, 259, 303
S. Martin of Tours, 136
S. Martinianus, see (infra) S. Processus and
S. Maximus, Roman officer and martyr, 290;
basilica of, and history of, 247;
catacomb of, 259;
S. Nereus, martyr, burial-place of, 211, 240, 241, 278;
story confirmed by excavations, 230
S. Nicomedes, catacomb of, special features of, 255–6
S. Oswald and S. Wulfstan, 321
S. Pamphilus, martyr, catacomb of, 274
S. Pancratius or Pancras, catacomb of, 234, 235
Churches of, Rome, &c., 235
S. Parnel, Petronell, or Petronilla (q.v.), British churches dedicated to, 278–9
S. Paul, 239, 269, 273;
association with, of Pudens, 265, and see 270
Basilica of, 11, 17, 18, 238
Christology of, 23–4
Cultural status of, 110
Epistles of, see under Epistles
Haggadic influences in writings of, 379
Hermas named by, the Hermas of The Shepherd?, 178
at Rome as prisoner, 21–2;
secondary place accorded by tradition and literature, 9, 11, 13–14, 17;
share in founding Roman Church, 17, 22, 23, 24, 70, 104;
trial of, 25;
and martyrdom, 9, 10, 11, 151, 152, 170, 171;
burial-places of, 211, 236, 237, 242, 243, 283;
sarcophagus of, slabs of, inscription on, and other features, 237–8;
sepulchre of, 242, 243
Teaching of, keynote of, where found, 23–4;
locale of, 107
Tomb of freedman friend of, among royal graves, 241–2
Translation of, 237
on Assemblies, 107;
on Athletic training, 198;
on Charity, 122, 130;
on Death, 154;
on Enduring hardness, 202–3;
on Hospitality, 129;
on the Roman Church, 17, 21;
on Slavery, 134–5;
on Spread of Christianity, 107
S. Paulinus of Nola, 158;
letter of, to Sulpicius Severus, on his slave, 136–7;
martyrdoms of, 200, 208;
pain unfelt by, 200
S. Peter, Apostle and Martyr, First Bishop of Rome (see also S. Petronilla), 226, 269
Associations of, with Catacomb of S. Priscilla, 257, 263, 267, 271–4
with S. Mark, 9, 10, 14, 22
with Pudens, 12, 15, 263, 265, and see 269–70
Baptistery of, site of, 12, 257, 267, 273
Catacomb of, and of S. Marcellinus, 249
Founder of Church in Bithynia, 51
Founder of Church at Rome, tradition, archæological, and literary support to the belief, 7 et seq., 16, 19, 22, 70, 104
in Rome, 18, 24;
date of arrival discussed, 8, 11, 13 et seq., 16;
martyrdom of, 8, 10, 16, 18, 19, 151, 153, 170, 171, 233, 234;
burial-places, and tomb of, 49, 273;
sarcophagus of, adorned by Constantine, 237, 282–3;
traditional notices of, legendary with historical basis and other, 15, 16;
translation of, 237
Quo vadis legend on, 239, 273, 274
Teaching of, catholicity of, 367
on hospitality, 129;
on locale of Asiatic converts, 107;
on persecution, 165, 166–7;
on slavery, 135;
on spread of the faith, 107
S. Peter and S. Marcellinus, catacomb of, 249
S. Peter Chrysologus, laudation by, of S. Felicitas, 305
S. Peter’s (Basilica), Rome, 8, 233, 238;
martyrs buried beneath, 210, 285;
origin of, and former representatives of, 233, 238
Reason of its position, 11;
site of, associations of, 28;
veneration shown to, 17, 18
S. Petronilla (see also S. Parnel), daughter of S. Peter, 240, 241;
hypotheses on, discussed, 277–8
Basilica of, 241, 278
Burial-place of, 211, 240–1, 277
Translation of, 279
S. Philip, burial-place of, 266, 272, 274, 302–3
S. Philippus (S. Philip), other martyrs buried with, 214–5
S. Prassedis (see also S. Pudentiana), burial-place of, 263, 264–5, 266, 268
Catacomb founded by, 270
Church of, 262;
Zeno chapel in, mosaics of, 276;
relics in, 262–3;
well in, 263
S. Priscilla, mother of Pudens, Catacomb of, 8, 258, 261 et seq., 266;
antiquity, size, and importance of, 236, 240, 257, 261;
associations of, with S. Peter, 12, 257, 263, 267, 271–3;
baptistery in, 236;
Basilica of S. Sylvester over, 257, 273;
called “ad Nymphas,” and why, 272;
chief glory of, 257;
De Rossi on, 262;
evidence of discoveries in, on tradition of S. Peter as founder of Roman Church, 8, 15, 16, 42, 267, 268, 271;
founders of, 270;
galleries and other features of, 267 et seq.;
inscriptions in, 267, 268, 271;
notable interments in, 266, 302
Church of, 262
Original tomb of, 268
S. Processus and S. Martinianus, catacomb of, 234;
story of, 234
S. Protus, martyr, tomb of, 275
S. Pudentiana (see also supra, S. Prassedis), burial-place of, 263, 264, 266, 268;
sarcophagus of, 263
Church of, 262;
antiquity and interest of, 263 et seq.
Part founder of S. Priscilla’s catacomb, 270
S. Quirinus, Crypt of, 247;
history of, ib.
S. Riquier, “syllogæ” in library of, 230
S. Sebastian (ad Catacombas), catacomb of, 237, 242, 243–4;
memories of SS. Peter and Paul connected with, 273;
story of, 244;
translation of, 244
S. Sennen, burial-place of, 235, 236
S. Silanus, burial-places of, 259, 302;
body once stolen, 304;
translation of, 302
S. Silvester in Capite, Church, body of S. Hippolytus translated to, 254
S. Simferosa, tomb of, 250
S. Soteris, virgin, martyr, catacomb of, 239, 242, 243, 246
S. Stephen, protomartyr, 110;
and S. Laurence, parallel positions of, 234
S. Suzanna, church of, 302;
notoriety of, 272;
Popes buried in, 272–4;
Burial-place of, 272
S. Symphorosa, burial-place of, 212
S. Tertullinus, catacomb of, 249
S. Thekla, catacomb of, 236, 239
S. Tiburtius, martyr, Basilica of, 247;
relation of, to S. Cecilia, 290;
S. Urban, martyr, tomb of, 242–3
S. Urbanus, Bishop (not of Rome), and S. Cecilia, 290, 296
S. Valentinus, martyr, 262;
catacomb of, 214, 275–6;
basilica in, 276
S. Vitalis, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, 259, 303
S. Zeno, Basilica of, 247;
burial-place of, 262, 276;
Chapel of, 276;
treasures in, 262–3
Saints, Communion of, Early Christian view on, 307, 309–10
Dead, invocation of, and prayers of, besought, Early Christian attitude as to, 309–10, 311, 312 & n. 1, 321–2
Salii, College of, M. Aurelius, a member, 95
Salzburg Itinerary cited, 211, 212, 214, 242–3, 302, 303;
date of, 227
Samuel, prophet, and the Schools of the Prophets, 349
Sanhedrim, the Great, authority of, successors in, after Dispersion, 357, 360
Sardinia, exiles and martyrs in, 252
Sardis, 187
Saturninus, catacomb of, 258, 260
Schools of Martyrdom, 145;
writers on, 198 et seq.
of the Prophets, 349
of Teaching, Early Christian
Practical, and Gentle, 101, 145–50
Rigourist, 101, 144–5, 150–2
Scillitan martyrdoms, 94, 208;
Second Century, congregations of Christians in, locales of, 36
Seligenstadt, SS. Peter and Marcellinus’ bodies at, 249
Selinus, death at, of Trajan, 87
Senate, the, decadence of, 64–5
Seneca, letters by, see under Epistles
Possible reference by, to Nero’s burning of Christians, 29
Sentius Augurinus, a lengthy recital by, 61
Serenus Granianus, Rescript to, of Hadrian, on Christians, 77
Sergius Paulus, 110
Severus,—, Emperor, persecution under, reason for, 194
Severus, Alexander, Emperor, 234, 252;
leniency of, to Christians, 97;
and supposed Christianity of, 147
Septimius (historian), on Nero’s anti-Christian Edict, 32
Sextus Julius (General), operations of, in Judea, 337
Sulpicius, letter to, of Paulinus of Nola, on his slave, 136–7
on Titus’s speech against Jewish and Christian religions, 39–40
and of her husband, &c., 295
Shammai, a Rabbi, 366
Shemoth Rabba, treatise, cited, 365
theology of, 138, 179, 182–3;
on care of widows, &c., 126;
on Christ’s Atonement, 116;
on hospitality, 128;
on the martyrs and the recusants, 36, 37;
on numbers of Christians, 104;
on persecutions, 180–4;
on progress of Christianity, 107;
on rich Christians, 111
Sicarii, the, 330
Sick, the, care of, by Early Church, 126–7
Sidonius, Apollinaris, family, career, and writings of, 64, 65–7, 68
Simon the Just, 339
Simon Magus in Rome, 11
Sinai, 365
Siricius, Pope, Basilicas built and adorned by, &c., 235, 241, 263, 278;
burial-place of, 272
Sixtus I, Pope and martyr, 247;
burial-place of, 243, 287
Sixtus II, Pope, deacons of, martyred, 302;
and S. Laurence, 250, 254
Sixtus III, Basilica built by, to S. Laurence, 250;
work of, at S. Cecilia’s crypt, 292
Slaves, Christian, freed by advice of Pope Pius I, 264;
position and condition of, 134 et seq.
Smyrna, 173
Social life and pleasures, difficulties in, of Early Christians, 141
Status of Early Christians, literary testimony to its range, 110–12
Solomon, King, 352
Soter, Bishop or Pope of Rome, 10, 131;
Spartianus, historian, 75
Stanley, Dean, on a child’s Epitaph in the Abbey, 309;
on the witness of the Catacombs to the life of the Early Church, 219–20
Stephen, Bishop or Pope of Rome, 131
Suetonius, history by, 60, 62, 63, 269;
on Christians accused of firing Rome, 27;
on Domitian’s persecutions, 41;
on Jewish expulsion from Rome, and its cause, 18;
on Neronic persecution, 62;
on Vespasian’s attitude to Christians, 40
“Syllogæ” of Early Christian Inscriptions, where found, 230
Sylloge Palestina, the, 215
Symmachus, Memmius, and his father’s Letters, 65
Council held by, 262
Symmachus, Q. Aurelius, career of, and writings (Letters) of, 64–5, 66
Syria, Vespasian’s legions in, 331
Tacitus, History of, 60, 61, 62
Period of, 63
Pliny’s letter to, 92
on Christianity, progress of, 107;
on Christians accused of firing Rome, 27;
on Christians of high station, 110;
on conversion of Pomponia Græcina, 245;
on numbers of Christians, 103, 107
on Roman simplicity, 88
Talmud, the, see also Mishnah and Gemara
Akiba’s work on, 354–6
and the Jew (Book V.), 325 et seq.
Authority of, 368–9
Codification of, workers on, 356–7
Divine inspiration claimed for, 365
History of, traditional, 339–40
on the Jews of the Dispersion, 339, 340, 346–7, 353, 368, 372–3
Jewish devotion to, 326, 327, 347, 350, 368–9
Object of, 345
Popularity of, cause of, 371
Power of, 346–7
Recensions of, 344, 345, 359, 373
Story of, 365–6
Teaching of, differences in, from that of Christ, 366–8
Method of, 357–60
Spirituality of, 345, 352
on Inspiration of Pentateuch and of the Prophets, 364–5
on Miracles, 365
on Bar-cochab, 336–7;
and on Rabbi Akiba, 355;
and on destruction of the Temple, 332
Targumim, the, 360;
Haggadic pieces in, 373;
excerpts from, 373–5
Tarquinius Priscus, 87
Teaching and doctrine, Early Christian Assemblies, 113–4;
groundwork of, 115–9;
Telesphorus, Pope, burial-place of, 287
Temple, the, of Jerusalem, destruction of, 22, 331–4, 340 et seq., 355, 362, 368;
the end of Mosaism, 341
Stones of Wailing all that is left of, 338
Women’s Court in, 380
Tenth Legion, at Jerusalem, 332
Tertullian, 151, 204, 315
Rigourism of, 146, 151, 153–4, 179, 182
Teaching of, 138
Writings of:—
ad Uxor, on Hospitality, 128
Apology of, resemblances between, and Octavius of Minucius Felix, 186
Martyrs’ Manuals, 199
on training for Martyrdom, 203
cited in support of Petrine tradition, 10–11, 13, 14;
on aid to prisoners, 130;
on almsgiving, 120;
on burying the poor, 132, 133;
on Christ with the Kid, 319, 320;
on Christian love, 119;
on highly-placed Christians, 111, 147, 149;
on insensibility of martyrs to pain, 200;
on numbers of Christians in the second century, 104, 105;
and on enduring hardness, 153–4;
on persecutions, 32, 36, 37, 190–1;
on physical training for martyrdom, 198, 202–3;
on Pliny’s correspondence with Trajan, 45, 46;
and on inconsistencies in Trajan’s Rescript, 55
Testaments of the XII Patriarchs, on Almsgiving, 121
Theodelinda, and the Monza Catalogue (q.v.), 214–5, 228, 304
Theodosius, Emperor, 253;
and the Basilica of S. Paul, 238;
Latin writers of his period, 64
Theophitus, Bishop of Antioch, on assemblies, 108–9;
on persecution, 189–90
Thrason, Catacombs of, 258, 260
Tiber, the, Catacombs beside, Itineraries on, 210–14;
S. Peter’s baptisms in, 11, 14
Tiberias, Rabbinic School at, 326, 327;
Tibur, Hadrian’s Villa near, 82
Tiburtius, martyr, tomb of, 242
Tigellinus, evil counsel of, to Nero, 27
Tillemont,—, 289;
on the Acts of S. Felicitas, 300;
Titus, Bishop of Crete, Epistle of S. Paul to, on slavery, 135
Titus, Emperor, 85, 325;
persecution under, 172, 173, 174, and see 207
Siege by, of Jerusalem and triumph after, 331–4, 351, 352
Views of, on Jewish and Christian religions, 39
Toleration, advocated by some Early Christians, De Broglie on, 142–3
Torah, the, 330, 341, 351, 352, 370;
Haggadic notices on, from Palestinian Targum, 373–5
Halachic developments of, 376–7
History of, 339
Inspiration claimed for, 343, 364
Mishnah and Gemara built up on, 361
Post-exilic reverence for, 342 et seq.
Schools devoted to study of (see also Rabbinic Schools), 326
Temple copy of, in Rome, 333 & n.2
Torre Pignatara, tomb of S. Helena at, 249
Trade, difficulties in, of Early Christians, 141
Tradition, rehabilitated by Archæology, 105, 225–6, 230–1, 239–40, 241, 289, 293, 298, 304
on S. Peter as founder of Roman Christianity, 7, 8;
literary and archaeological support to, 8, 9 et seq.
Trajan, Emperor, 110, 164, 171, 172, 182;
attitude to, of Christian historians, 48–9
Characteristics of, 49–50, 55, 85
Death of, and successor, 75
Pope Gregory the Great’s prayer for, 49
Principles of, as to Christians, 78, 97
Rescript of, in reply to Pliny, 45 et seq., 56, 57, 177;
effect of, 180;
provisions of, 49–50;
Tertullian’s criticisms on, 55;
views of scholars cited on, 49
Social life of his time, 89
Zealot revolt under, 334
Translation of remains of Martyrs and Saints, 235, 236, 262, 263, 266 & n. 1, 267, 272, 273–4, 292, 298
Trastevere Quarter, Catacombs in, Itineraries on, 210–11
Trinity, Blessed, references to, in Catacombs, 316
Triumvirate, proscription of, 56
“Tropæum,” the, probable identification of, 282
Ubaldi, Canon of S. Peter’s, on discoveries during erection of Bernini’s baldachino, 281 & n. 1 et seq.
Uhlhorn,—, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, 49
epigram on, 280
Urbanus, Bishop (not of Rome), and S. Cecilia, 290
Urbanus, Bishop of Rome, 290
Uxor, Ad, by Tertullian, 128
Valentinian ii, Emperor, and the Basilica of S. Paul, 238
Valerian, Emperor, favour shown by, to Christians, 147;
persecution under, 243, 247, 256, 275
Vatican Basilica, the, 293
Hill, Cemetery on, 243, 272–3;
beginning of, 280, 285, 286;
“Itinerary” on, 210;
rediscovery of, 280
Papal tombs and Crypt of, 234, 236–7, 242, 244, 245 et seq.;
Popes buried in, 16, 233, 273, 283, 284, 286–7
S. Peter’s tomb in, 16, 232, 233, 237
Gardens on, martyrdoms in, 28, 29, 30, 32;
site of S. Peter’s death, 267
Vatican Hill, “Memoriæ” of Apostles on, 11, 233
Vergil, poems by, 87, 88, 91;
teaching of, 88, 95
Verus, son of Ælius Verus, adopted by Antoninus Pius, 83
Vespasian, Emperor, 33;
attitude of, to Christianity, 39–40 & nn., 207;
difficulties with the Jews, 92
Persecution under, 172, 173, 174
Roman characteristics of, 85
Siege by, of Jerusalem, 330–1
Triumph of, 333
Vestibule of Domitilla Cemetery, 240
Via Appia, catacombs of, 211–12, 234, 237, 242 et seq., 301
Ardeatina, catacombs of, 211, 239–42;
excavations in, value of, to history, 239–40
Aurelia or Aurelia Vetus, catacombs along, 210–11, 233–5
Flaminia, catacomb of, 214, 275–6
Labicana, catacombs of, 212, 249
Latina, catacombs of, 212, 248–9
Nomentana, catacombs of, 212–3, 255–8
Ostiensis, catacombs on, 211, 236–9, 243
Portuensis, catacombs on, 211, 235–6
Cemetery of S. Priscilla on, 12
Salaria Nova, catacombs of, 213, 258 et seq., 302, 303
Salaria Vetus, catacombs of, 213, 274–5
Tiburtina, catacombs of, 212, 250–5
Vaticana, catacombs of, 210
Victor, Pope, burial-place of, 287
Vienne, martyrdoms at, 201, 208;
persecution at, by M. Aurelius, 94
Vigilius, Pope, burial-place of, 272
Viminal Hill, church on, 262
Vision of S. Flavian, on Insensibility of Martyrs to Pain, 200
Vision, The, of Perpetua, 199
Vitellius, Emperor, 39, 331
“War of Extermination,” the, 338
Wars of the Jews, the three last, 77, 78–9, 80, 325, 329 et seq., 338, 354
Westminster Abbey, epitaph of Jane Lister in, 309
Whepstead, church of S. Parnel at, 278
Widows and orphans, care of Early Church for, 124, 126
William of Malmesbury, Itinerary of, on Roman Catacombs, 210, 211, 213
Authority of, 210, 213, 227
Date of, 227
on S. Cecilia’s tomb, 293;
on S. Felicitas and her sons and their tombs, 303
Wiseman, Cardinal, 263
Court of, in the Temple, 380
Worcester, two Saints of, 321
Worship (see also Assemblies, Idol-worship, Incense), in Christian Assemblies, Justin Martyr on, 113–4
Wulphere, King of the Mercians, 279
Xiphilin or Xiphilinus, on Domitian, 41;
on Hadrian, 75
Zealots, Rabbinic masters unsympathetic to, 342, 353, 354;
revolts of, and results, 330–1, 332, 334–5
Zephyrinus, Pope, martyr, 11;
tomb of, 243, 245, 273, 291
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