Chapter V · THE MINOR VARIETIES OF CHERRIES

À Coeur Hâtive. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

Listed in this reference.

À Feuilles de Pêcher Grosse. P. cerasus? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 49. 1831.

Merely mentioned; probably similar to Willow Leaved.

Abels Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907.

Mentioned in this reference as a black, hard-fleshed, Sweet Cherry.

Abundance/ P. avium. 1. Burbank Cat. 7. 1911-12.

Abundance is one of Burbank's seedlings from Napoleon. The tree is a heavy, almost annual bearer. The fruit is large, never cracks, and exceeds the parent in productiveness and beauty; it ripens a week later.

Abbesse. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 80. 1890. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:284. 1903.

Abbesse was found in North Silesia and is supposed to be a Red Duke cross. Fruit medium to large, cordate; stem long, thick at the base; cavity shallow; suture distinct; skin dark red; flesh meaty, with colored juice, mildly acid; quality good.

Act Gillos. P. avium. 1. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 22. 1892-93.

Act Gillos was imported by Leo Weltz of Ohio, in a collection of sweet varieties said to have come from Bokhara, Turkestan. Tree vigorous; leaves large; fruit yellow, resembling Cleveland.

Adams Crown. P. avium. 1. Brookshaw Hort. Reposit. 1:45, Pl. 23 fig. 1. 1823. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 275, 277. 1884. 3. Mawe-Abercrombie Comp. Gard. 632. 1829. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:312 fig., 313. 1877.

Adams Herzkirsche. 5. Ill. Handb. 99 fig., 100. 1860. 6. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 332. 1889.

Adam. 7. Mas Le Verger 8:69, 70, fig. 33. 1866-73.

Adams Crown is supposed to have been raised by a man named Adams in the vicinity of Sittingbourne, Kent, England. It was formerly grown in the orchards near London for market trade. Tree large, vigorous, usually productive, bears early; fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, flattened at the base, slightly compressed; cavity wide, deep; suture shallow, indistinct; stem slender, long; skin thin, transparent, attractive pale red speckled with darker red deepening to carmine, showing distinctly the fibers underneath; flesh whitish, juicy, tender, somewhat stringy, sweet, sprightly, pleasant; very good in quality; stone small, roundish-ovate, flattened at the base, plump; season early.

Adlington. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 45. 1831.

Mentioned in the reference given.

Affane. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 45. 1831.

Mentioned in this reference.

Afghanistan. P. avium. 1. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 315. 1897. 2. Van Lindley Cat. 371. 1899.

This variety is said by Van Lindley to have been introduced into North Carolina by a missionary from South Africa. The fruit closely resembles Windsor. Tree tall, spreading, vigorous; fruit large, cordate, often swollen along the suture giving it an angular appearance; skin dark red to reddish-black; flesh firm, tender, sweet; ships well; season the last of May.

Alaternblättrige Süssweichsel. P. avium, 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:48. 1858.

Fruit medium large, roundish, flattened, with a faint suture; skin glossy, brownish-red; stem mostly covered with leaves, greenish-yellow; flesh soft, acidulated; stone heart-shaped.

Albertine Millet. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895.

Received from Belgium without description; its value is questioned in Guide Pratique.

Alexandrine Béon. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 332. 1889.

Listed in this reference.

Alfred Wesmael. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895.

This variety is similar to Montmorency according to Guide Pratique.

Allen. P. avium. 1. Storrs & Harrison Cat. 137. 1899. 2. Brown Cat. 23. 1900.

A seedling cherry found in Lake County, Ohio. It is darker, later and smaller than Windsor. The tree is healthy, very productive; fruit somewhat heart-shaped, nearly black, glossy, smooth; flesh meaty, firm, sweet; of small size.

Allen Late Favourite. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:123. 1832.

Sent to the Prince nursery by Zachariah Allen of Providence, Rhode Island. The tree is vigorous; fruit of fine quality, juicy, well flavored; ripens in Rhode Island with Black Mazzard.

Allerfrüheste Bunte Maiherzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:19. 1858.

Tree productive; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem long, deeply set; skin clear red, spotted with dark brown; flesh whitish, sweet; stone oval; ripens in mid-June.

Alte Königskirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Obstbäume 158. 1791. 2. Christ Handb. 671. 1797. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 422. 1819.

Tree large, very productive; fruit large, round, slightly heart-shaped; stem long; skin reddish-black; flesh very delicate, tender, juicy, sweet, with an aromatic, very pleasing sourness; stone small.

Altenlander Frühkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 465 fig., 466. 1861. Cerise précoce d'Altenlaud. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:301. 1866.

This variety is distinguished from Frühe Maiherzkirsche by its fruits which are larger, deeper in color, sourer and more angular and a few days later. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, sometimes angular; cavity wide, shallow; apex often widely depressed; stem stout, of medium length; suture shallow; skin glossy, charcoal black in some spots when fully ripe, rather tough; flesh reddish-black, tender, very juicy, sweet with a pleasing sourness; stone short, oval; season early.

Amaranthkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 277. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 215-219. 1819. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:28. 1858.

In 1790, this variety was reported to have been brought to Hanover, Prussia, Germany, from England. Truchsess describes this cherry as being of medium size, roundish-cordate, with a pronounced suture; stem short; cavity shallow; apex abruptly rounded; skin red on the sunny side, yellowish, flesh-colored on the shady side; flesh tender, light yellowish-white, juicy, sweet yet without excellence; stone round, rather broad, not long, nearly free; unproductive.

Amarelle Hâtive. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 17:6 fig. 1892. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 24. 1899. 3. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:110. 1900. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 27. 1909.

This variety was imported by Professor J. L. Budd of Iowa, in 1885. It resembles Early Richmond but ripens ten days later. It appeared on the fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1899 and in 1909 Morello Hâtive was given as a synonym. This variety, however, is of the Amarelle type while Morello Hâtive is a true Morello.

Amarelle mit Weissem Stempelpunct. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 655, 656. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:70. 1858.

Amarelle à point pistillaire blanc. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

According to Truchsess, this variety was first mentioned by Christ as early as 1795, under the name, Roque Cherydere. Fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened; stem short; skin dark red; flesh white, with colorless juice, although a glistening red when pressed out, subacid; season early; medium productive; resembles Bunte Amarelle.

Amber. P. avium. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 272. 1832.

This variety was found in an old garden in Providence, Rhode Island. Fruit below medium in size, perfectly round; amber, delicate red towards the sun; flesh melting, lively, very sweet; early.

Amber Gean. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 168. 1845. 2. Gard. Chron. 1068. 1861. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 277. 1884.

Amber? 4. Rea Flora 206. 1676.

Late Amber Gean. 5. Fish Hardy-Fr. Bk. 2:105. 1882.

This is probably the Amber of the old English writers—an attractive, small Gean or Mazzard. Tree bears abundantly; fruit small, obtuse-cordate, usually regular; stem long, slender, shallowly inserted; skin very thin, pellucid, exhibiting the texture of the flesh, pale yellow or amber, tinged with delicate red; flesh white, tender, juicy, melting, with a rich, sweet, pleasant flavor; ripens the last of July.

Ambrée de Guben. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:118, 119, 303. 1866. 2. Mas Le Verger 8:99, 100, fig. 48. 1866-73.

Gubener Bernsteinkirsche. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 342, 685. 1819. 4. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:42. 1858.

This variety resembles Yellow Spanish; in fact the name is listed as a synonym of Yellow Spanish by Mortillet. We feel sure, however, that it is a distinct variety. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, truncate at the base; suture shallow; stem long; cavity wide, shallow; skin glossy, pale yellow washed with carmine in the sun; flesh firm, fibrous, sweet, with a sourness that disappears if allowed to remain on the tree; quality good; stone oval, slightly flattened at the base; ripens the first of July in France.

American Amber. P. avium. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 272. 1832. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 167. 1845. 3. Bridgeman Gard. Ass't Pt. 3:54. 1847. 4. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 359. 1849. 5. Elliott Fr. Book 214. 1854. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74. 1862.

This variety was introduced some time previous to 1832 by the originator, Daniel Bloodgood, Flushing, New York. It held a place on the American Pomological Society's list of fruits from 1862 until 1869. It resembles American Heart but differs in being a tender-fleshed fruit of regular outline. Tree productive; fruit hanging in bunches for a long time without rotting. Fruit borne in threes or fours, hangs well, of medium size, roundish-cordate often nearly round; stem long, slender, inserted in a slight, narrow cavity; skin very thin, smooth, glossy, clear, light amber becoming mottled and overspread with clear bright red; flesh amber, tender, sprightly, juicy, usually of only fair quality; pit large; season the last of June to the middle of July.

American Heart. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 9:202. 1843. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 178, 179 fig. 70. 1845. 3. Bridgeman Gard. Ass't Pt. 3:54. 1847.

According to Downing, this variety came from Long Island but its exact origin is unknown. Tree vigorous, spreading, variable in productiveness; fruit medium to large, cordate, often nearly angular and irregular in outline; cavity small, shallow; stem long, slender; skin tough, adhering to the pulp, pale yellow or amber-red; flesh very juicy, yellowish, half-tender, sweet, pleasant; very good in quality; stone medium in size.

Amos Owen. P. avium. 1. N. C. Sta. Bul. 184:121. 1903.

Amos Owen is a black Mazzard used by nurserymen as a stock for grafting. The fruit is small and black; of poor quality.

Andrews. Species? 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 187. 1908.

Andrews is a seedling named after C. N. Andrews, Redlands, California, who fruited it in 1896. It is grown in the mountain valley near Redlands and is apparently a fine shipping variety.

Anne. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 204. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 254. 1857.

This cherry is reported by Charles Downing to have originated at Lexington, Kentucky; distributed by A. V. Bedford, Paris, Kentucky. Tree moderate in growth; fruit of medium size, bright red; flesh tender, juicy, very sweet; quality excellent; early.

Annonay. P. avium. 1. Flor. & Pom. 28. 1882. 2. Rivers Cat. 18. 1898-99. 3. Bunyard-Thomas Fr. Gard. 43. 1904.

Annonayer Herzkirsche. 4. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907.

A Heart cherry mentioned in 1882 as a promising new fruit because of its extreme earliness and excellent quality. This variety, introduced by Thomas Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth, England, should not be confused with an older French sort often known by the same name but of a reddish-brown color. Tree moderate in growth; fruit glossy, black, round, of medium size, produced in clusters; flesh charcoal-black, very rich in flavor.

Anstad. P. avium. 1. Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt. 17. 1908.

A seedling from seeds planted in 1898 by A. P. Anstad, Trail, British Columbia. The fruit is large, heart-shaped; cavity of medium depth and width; stem long, slender; apex depressed; suture indistinct; skin moderately thick, tender, dark red or blackish; dots obscure; flesh dull red, meaty, juicy, sweet, pleasant; quality good; stone of medium size, clinging; season in Ontario, the end of July.

Argental Late. P. avium. 1. Barry Fr. Garden 325. 1851. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 451. 1869.

Downing says this variety is of French origin and that the fruit is unlike any other cherry in form. Tree spreading; branches slender, irregular; fruit of medium size, elongated-oval, sides compressed; suture narrow; stem medium in length, slender; cavity small; skin deep purplish-black; flesh half-tender, juicy, sweet, of peculiar flavor; quality very good; stone small, narrow, elongated-oval; ripens about July 10th.

Auburn Duke. P. avium × P. cerasus.

A stray variety not mentioned in cherry literature, occasionally grown in western New York. The fruit, on the Station grounds, is above medium size, roundish; skin glossy, amber-yellow with a dark red cheek, often wholly suffused with red, sometimes mottled with translucent spots underneath the skin; suture a distinct line; stem slender, one and one-half inches long, inserted in a broad cavity; flesh white, very tender, juicy, nearly sweet; quality good but not rich; stone small, adhering to the stem; season late June. The fruit cracks in wet weather.

August Duke. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Cultivator 3rd Ser. 1:248 fig., 249. 1853.

Vail's August Duke. 2. Horticulturist 4:264 fig., 265. 1849-50. 3. Elliott Fr. Book 213. 1854.

This variety originated with Henry Vail of Troy, New York. It is valued for its lateness, maturing three weeks after Downer, generally about the tenth of August. Tree hardy, healthy, moderate in growth; fruit borne in pairs, hanging in thick clusters along the branches, of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem of medium length, thickening where it joins the fruit, set in a deep, narrow cavity; skin bright red; flesh tender, subacid, much like May Duke in flavor; pit oval.

Augustine de Vigny. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 333. 1889. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 54. 1856.

Mentioned in the references given.

Aurischotte. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 589-591. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:65. 1858.

According to Truchsess, this cherry was described in 1802 by Christ who states that it originated in Wanfred, Prussia, Germany. Truchsess believed, however, that the name was a corruption of Sauriotte, a sour or Weichsel cherry. Fruit round, somewhat flattened, above medium in size; suture indistinct; apex slightly depressed, gray; stem strong; skin dark red; flesh and juice of a slight reddish cast, sour, rather repulsive; stone large.

Badacsony. P. avium. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 177:31. 1899. 2. Ibid. 187:62. 1901.

Géanie de Badacson. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 27, 194. 1876.

Badacsoner Riesenkirsche. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 333. 1889.

Badacconyi. 5. Mich. Sta. Bul. 169:198. 1899.

Badacsoner Schwarze Riesenkirsche. 6. Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift 122. 1910.

Badacsonyer Knorpelkirsche. 7. Obstzüchter 8:74. 1910.

A strong-growing variety of the Bigarreau group which originated in the volcanic regions near Balaton Lake, Hungary. Tree spreading, productive, subject to shot-hole fungus; fruit very large, heart-shaped, compressed; stem long, slender; cavity deep, wide; skin dark red, mottled with purple; flesh crisp, breaking, pinkish, juicy, sweet; quality good; ripens in July.

Baender. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 88:20. 1892. 2. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:12. 1910.

An unproductive Morello. Tree medium in size, upright, round-topped; fruit medium to large, round, flattened; stem stout, long; skin dark red, thin, tender; flesh firm, meaty, slightly stained, rich acid; stone long, smooth; ripens the last of July in Washington.

Baltavar. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 39. 1895. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:284. 1903.

Bigarreau monstreux de Baltava. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876.

Baltavari. 4. Mich. Sta. Bul. 169:199. 1899.

Baltavaer Knorpelkirsche. 5. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907.

Baltavar was introduced from Hungary by the United States Department of Agriculture. Tree upright, somewhat spreading; fruit resembles Napoleon in size and shape; cavity medium in depth, irregular, flaring; stem variable, slender; suture shallow; skin thick, glossy, light red changing to dark crimson on a yellow ground; dots numerous, minute, golden; flesh melting, yellowish, meaty, translucent, juicy, sprightly, mild subacid; quality good to very good; stone large, long, clinging; ripens the forepart of July.

Baluder Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Kan. Sta. Bul. 73:189. 1897.

Tree upright, unproductive; fruit medium to large; stem slender; skin dull red, tough; flesh red, tender, juicy, acid, lacking in richness; ripens unevenly about June 18th; not a commercial variety.

Barnhart. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 18:242. 1876. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 161. 1881.

This variety originated with Louis Shepler, Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania. Tree healthy, vigorous, bears abundantly; fruit of the Bigarreau type, large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; cavity large, deep; stem rather long, slender; suture shallow; skin whitish-yellow, shaded and mottled with light and dark, rich red; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, with a rich, rather sprightly flavor; ripens the last of June.

Baseler Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876.

A medium-sized cherry of little value.

Bates. P. cerasus. 1. Green Cat. 28 fig. 1906.

Said to have originated with S. J. Bates, Shelby, Michigan; introduced by C. A. Green, Rochester, New York; not propagated at present. As grown on our grounds it is identical with Olivet but our trees may not be correctly named.

Bay State. P. cerasus. 1. Adams Cat. 11. 1894. 2. Sweet Cat. 18. 1907.

Bay State on the Station grounds resembles Reine Hortense and may be identical. (See description of Reine Hortense.) In 1894 it was listed by J. W. Adams of Springfield, Massachusetts, under the name Bay State and in 1907 was offered for sale by The George A. Sweet Nursery Company of Dansville, New York.

Baylor. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

Bedford Prolific. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. 2. Flor. & Pom. 41, Pl. fig. 1. 1882.

Bedford Prolific is similar to its parent, Black Tartarian, but has the advantage of being much hardier and more productive. It is inferior in quality to its parent. Many writers confuse it with Black Tartarian.

Belle Audigeoise. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 5:65, Pl. 1857.

Schöne Audigeoise. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 376. 1889.

Very similar to Choisy. Tree vigorous, but moderately productive; fruit large, roundish, flattened at the ends; stem of medium length; cavity large, round; skin glossy, transparent, almost entirely washed with red at complete maturity; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet, acidulated; ripens in France late in July.

Belle Bosc. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 45. 1831.

Listed in the reference given.

Belle de Boskoop. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

Listed in this reference without description.

Belle de Caux. P. avium. 1. Guide Prat. 17. 1895.

Listed as similar to Duchess de Palluau.

Belle de Couchey. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 412. 1866. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:137, 138, fig. 69. 1882.

Schöne von Couchey. 3. Proskauer Obstsort. 57. 1907.

Raton, a laborer, found this variety in 1715, growing in a garden in Cote d'Or, France. Here and in the surrounding country it was commonly known as Cerise Raton. Tree vigorous, abundantly productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, irregular, often flattened; stem long, slender, inserted in a large, deep cavity; apex conical; skin tender, at first clear purple changing to blackish-purple; flesh tender, rather succulent, intense purple, juicy, sweet, sugary, very pleasing; stone small for the size of the fruit, ovate, short, broad, turgid; ripens the last of June. In France, one of the best fruits of the season standing shipment well notwithstanding its tender flesh.

Belle Defay. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 334. 1889.

Listed without a description in this reference.

Belle de Franconville. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 463. 1891. 2. Ibid. 14, 15 fig. 1892.

This variety is a chance seedling found in the forests of Seine-et-Oise, France, and propagated by M. Arthur Nienard, a nurseryman of the same place. The variety is valued for its lateness and its good shipping qualities. Fruit elongated-cordate, slightly depressed; suture rather deep; cavity rather large, regular; stem slender, long; skin glossy, brilliant purplish-red, firm; flesh clear yellow, rather transparent, juicy, sprightly yet sugary, agreeable but slightly strong; pit oblong, tapering at the top, truncate, partly adherent; season late September in France.

Belle l'Herissier. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 470, Pl. 1875.

This cherry was raised from seed in 1865 by M. Doublet, horticulturist at Montrichard, Loir-et-Cher, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, usually borne in clusters, depressed on the side, with a faint suture; stem very long, slender, adhering strongly to the pit; skin a brilliant red but never black; flesh pale red, juicy, sweet, slightly sprightly; quality very good; pit irregular, very small, elongated; ripens the middle of June in France.

Belle de Kis-Oers. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 13. 1895.

This is a Hungarian cherry. Fruit of medium size, elongated, marbled with red; flesh white, sugary; in France it ripens the middle of July.

Belle de Loche. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 25, 187. 1876.

This name is wrongly used as a synonym of Magnifique. Distributed by Jacquement-Bonnefont, nurseryman at Annonay, Ardèche, France, who described it as a very good, large, productive fruit, ripening in June.

Belle d'Orleans. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 16:358, 540 fig. 1850. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 211. 1856. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:84, 85 fig., 86. 1866. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:314 fig., 315. 1877.

Beauty of Orleans. 5. Ill. Handb. 15 fig., 16. 1867. 6. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 415. 1899.

Belle de Bruxelles. 7. Guide Prat. 10, 17, 181. 1895.

Some writers state that Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, originated this variety about 1852; others hold that it is of French origin. Tree large, very vigorous, productive; fruit usually attached in pairs, medium to above in size, roundish-oval or often cordate; stem medium in length, rather slender; skin transparent, clear pale yellow with a light red cheek, occasionally slightly mottled; flesh pale amber, juicy, tender, sweet; good in quality; stone large, roundish-obovate; season early.

Belle de Ribeaucourt. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 20:269. 1854. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:181, 210. 1866. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:170 fig., 171. 1877.

Schöne von Ribeaucourt. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 335, 377. 1889.

This variety probably originated in Northern France. Fruit globular, flattened at the ends, large, usually borne in twos; stem long; cavity large, deep; skin transparent, red, more intense in the sun; flesh yellow, rose-colored under the skin, sweet, juicy, acidulated; pit small, oval, round; ripens about the middle of June.

Belle de Rochelle. Species? 1. Gard. Chron. 1068. 1861.

Mentioned as remarkable for its size, its abundant juice and rich flavor which are said to make it one of the best fruits of its season. Its long stems facilitate picking.

Belle de Rocmont. P. avium 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:167, 168. 1768.

Glanzende goldgelb und roth marmorirte Kramelkirsche. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:3, Tab. 5 fig. 2. 1792.

Schöne von Rocmont. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 311-316. 1819.

Pigeon's Heart. 4. Prince Treat. Hort. 30. 1828.

Bigarreau belle de Rocmond. 5. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 46. 1831.

Coeur de Pigeon Gros. 6. Ibid. 48. 1831.

Pigeon Heart Bigarreau. 7. Prince Pom. Man. 2:127. 1832.

Bigarreau de Rocmont. 8. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2:No. 6, Pl. 1846.

Rocmonter Marmorkirsche. 9. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:39. 1858.

Rothe Spanische Marmorkirsche. 10. Ibid. 39, 40. 1858.

Belle de Rocmont is so similar to Yellow Spanish that some writers consider them the same. If not the same they are so nearly so that a description of this variety is unnecessary.

Belle de Saint Tronc. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876. 2. Flor. & Pom. 117. 1878. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 334, 359. 1889.

This Heart cherry was introduced in 1873 by M. Antonie, Marseilles, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. It is described by the French as a brownish-black cherry but Rivers lists it as a light red sort. Fruit cordate; stem short; brownish-black; flesh deep red, juicy; first quality; early; productive.

Belle Vezzouris. Species? 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 278. 1857. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 664. 1897.

A medium to large, light red, somewhat transparent cherry with a subacid flavor; quality good; ripens with Downer.

Belle de Voisery. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 334. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895.

Similar to Duchesse de Palluau according to Guide Pratique.

Bender (of Michigan). P. cerasus. 1. Wood Cat. 32. 1912.

This is a seedling found by a man named Bender near Shelby, Michigan. It ripens between Early Richmond and Montmorency, surpassing the latter in size, color and quality; sour.

Bender (of New York). P. avium × P. cerasus.

Marguerite. 1. McKay Cat. 7. 1912.

This variety is an accidental seedling found by J. O. Bender, Fayetteville, New York, about 1875. It is a late cherry of the Duke group. The fruit is attractive both in size and color, making a valuable market sort. Fruit roundish-cordate to oblate, compressed; cavity medium, flaring; suture very shallow; stem slender, above medium in length; skin of medium thickness and toughness, separating from the pulp, light red, yellowish on the shaded side; flesh pale yellow, somewhat coarse and stringy, tender, melting, subacid, juicy; good in quality; stone large, slightly clinging along the ventral suture. Very similar to Late Duke.

Berlin Amarelle. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 549. 1901.

A vigorous variety received from L. Spath, Berlin, Germany. Fruit medium to large, oval; skin glossy red; flesh tender, juicy, pleasingly acid; season from the middle to the last of July in Canada.

Bernard. P. cerasus. 1. Am. Hort. An. 88. 1869.

Described by D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, as a seedling of the Morello group. Tree vigorous, pyramidal in growth; fruit the size, shape, color and flavor of English Morello but with a smaller pit.

Bettenburger Glaskirsche. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 445, 446, 689. 1819. 2. Ill. Handb. 171 fig., 172. 1860.

Transparent de Bettenburg. 3. Mas Le Verger 8:77, 78, fig. 37. 1866-73.

Belle Allemande. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876.

Truchsess, a German, grew this variety from a stone of the Prager Muscateller, in 1794. The tree has a close growth and with its large, wide leaves is easily recognized from other light Duke cherries. The fruit is often confused with Double Glass but the color is darker, the stem longer and thicker, the flavor sweeter, and the season from eight to ten days later. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit large, cordate, rather obtuse, with a pronounced suture extending into the cavity; stem long, set in a smooth, shallow cavity; skin tough, clear purple changing to dark red; flesh yellowish-white, transparent, juicy, not colored unless well ripened, sweetish-sour, slightly aromatic; stone of medium size, globular, plump, truncate at the base; season late.

Bettenburger Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 65 fig., 66. 1860.

Bettenburger Schwarze Herzkirsche. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 115, 116. 1819.

Guigne de Bettenbourg. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:301. 1866.

This variety is a seedling of a worthless black Heart cherry, raised by Truchsess in 1794. Fruit very large, flattened, heart-shaped, sides compressed; stem short, set in a shallow cavity; apex slightly depressed; skin tough, deep dark-brown with light spots. turning black when ripe; flesh tender, juicy, very sweet; stone almost small, plump, roundish; season the last of June in Germany.

Bettenburger Kirsche von der Natte. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 507-511. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:61. 1858.

A variety received by Truchsess as Kirsche von der Natte and disseminated by him as such. After a few years he found that it was not true to name and to avoid further confusion added the word Bettenburger. Fruit large, roundish, flattened at the base; suture indistinct; stem short, slender, shallowly inserted; skin tough, dull, dark brown, inclined to black; flesh dark red, juicy, aromatic, subacid; stone not large, plump; ripens the middle of July in Germany.

Bettenburger Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:62, 63. 1858.

Bettenburger Weichsel Grosser Gobet. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 521, 522, 523. 1819.

Bettenburger Weichsel von der Natte. 3. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 171. 1825.

Griotte de Bettenbourg. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 22, 194. 1876.

This German variety came from seeds of Grosse Gobet planted by Truchsess in 1794. Fruit very large, sides compressed; skin tough, dark brownish-red; flesh and juice dark, pleasingly sour, improves if left on the tree; stone large, cordate, pointed.

Bicolor Van Mons. Species? 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:99, 208. 1866.

Fruit medium in size, slightly elongated; attractively variegated with red; of mediocre quality; matures the last fortnight of June.

Bigarreau Abbesse de Mouland. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 334. 1889.

Listed in the reference given.

Bigarreau Antoine Nomblot. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 569, 570, Pl. 1912.

In 1903, Alfred Nomblot planted what he believed to be a seed of Bigarreau Dönnissen but the resulting tree in many of its characters resembled Bigarreau Noir de Kruger which stood near the supposed parent. A cross between these varieties might result in a dark fruit similar to this. Tree vigorous, upright, very productive; fruit above medium in size, cordate, attached in ones, twos and threes; stem long; skin marbled with purple changing to black; flesh firm, sugary, juicy, high flavored; pit small, ovoid; early. Recommended by the Société Pomologique de France as a good, early cherry.

Bigarreau Blanc Précoce. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:144. 1882.

A short description of the tree-characters is given in this reference.

Bigarreau Blanc-Rosé de Piémont. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895.

Matures late; according to Guide Pratique, 1895, it is very similar to Napoleon.

Bigarreau Bordan. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:183, 184 fig. 1877.

Bordans frühe weisse Herzkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:27. 1858.

Bordans Herzkirsche. 3. Ill. Handb. 97 fig., 98. 1860. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 197. 1876.

Guigne Blanche de Bordan. 5. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:97, 98, 208. 1866.

This variety was raised by M. Bordan of Guben, Prussia, Germany, and was first described by Oberdieck. Leroy lists it as a Bigarreau as he believes the flesh is too firm for a Guigne as many Germans have described it. Tree hardy, productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, elongated-cordate, sides and base often compressed; suture shallow; stem long, slender, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin glossy, yellowish, spotted and streaked with red, becoming almost entirely washed with red in the sun; flesh tender, whitish, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated, pleasing; stone medium, oval, turgid; season early.

Bigarreau de Bourget. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 335. 1889.

Listed without a description by Mathieu.

Bigarreau Brun. P. avium. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:35. 1771.

Not described.

Bigarreau de Capucins. P. avium. 1. Gard. Chron. N. S. 19:255. 1883.

Kapuziner Knorpel. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 364. 1889.

This variety is little known out of Belgium. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-oblong, regular, depressed at the ends; skin amber-yellow, blushed with red; flesh white, crisp, juicy.

Bigarreau de la Caserne. P. avium. 1. Gard. Chron. 663. 1866.

According to the reference this variety is spoken of in La Belgique Horticole as a variety with prodigious leaves, yellow fruit dashed with red and of good quality.

Bigarreau Cayenne. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:186 fig. 1877.

Cayenner Knorpelkirsche. 3. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907.

This variety was received by Leroy in 1857 from Angouleme, Charente, France. Fruit generally borne in pairs; of medium size, oval, somewhat cylindrical, compressed at the extremities, with a large, rather deep suture; apex generally prominent; stem long; cavity broad and regular; skin thick, yellow, washed with pale red changing to lively red in the sun; flesh yellowish, firm, brittle, juicy, sweet, slightly sugary and aromatic; pit large, oval, slightly convex; ripens the last of June to the first of July.

Bigarreau de Châlons. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:131, 132, 209. 1866.

A local variety, widely known in the departments of Jura and Saône-et-Loire, France, as Châlonnaise. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, depressed at the base, one face flattened, the other bulged; suture slight; stem short; skin a deep purple tint in the sun, spotted with clear red in the shade; flesh white or of a slight rose color, with uncolored juice, sugary, aromatic; pit small; season the middle of June.

Bigarreau de Champvans. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895.

This is an excellent cherry of the Bigarreau type with colored juice and transparent skin, which originated in the department of Saône-et-Loire, France; said in the second reference to be similar to Napoleon.

Bigarreau Corniola. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:191, 192 fig. 1877.

The name Corniola is derived from cornaline, the French for cornelian. Tree medium in size and productiveness; fruit attached in twos or threes, large, roundish, slightly compressed at the ends and faces; suture deep; stem short, set in a rather deep cavity; skin whitish-yellow, largely washed with rose color and spotted with deep carmine; flesh yellowish, firm, not fibrous, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated; first quality; season early June.

Bigarreau Court Picout Hâtif. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

Listed in this reference.

Bigarreau Court Picout Tardif. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

Mentioned in the reference given.

Bigarreau Dönnissen. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 16, 189. 1876.

Dönnissens gelbe Knorpelkirsche. 2. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 162. 1825. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:44. 1858. 4. Ill. Handb. 145 fig., 146. 1860.

Bigarreau jaune de Dönissen. 5. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:304. 1866.

This variety is a seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, named for the originator; it fruited first about 1824. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit attached in twos, sometimes threes, large, roundish-cordate; suture slight; stem long, rather stout; cavity broad, shallow; skin glossy, transparent, yellowish-orange when ripe; flesh whitish, firm, slightly fibrous, moderately juicy, sugary, pleasingly acidulated; first quality; pit large, ovoid, plump; ripens the last of June to the first of July.

Bigarreau Doré. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 15. 1895.

Fruit yellow, round.

Bigarreau Double Royale. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:195 fig., 196. 1877.

Königliche Fleischkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:34. 1858.

Königliche Herzkirsche. 3. Ill. Handb. 467 fig., 468. 1861.

Guigne Royale. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:301. 1866.

The fact that Oberdieck received this variety from the Société Horticole de Prague under the French name Double Royale leads us to believe, as does Leroy, that it is of French rather than of Austrian origin as many German writers hold. Tree vigorous; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, cordate, rather abrupt at the ends; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; suture almost indistinct; skin glossy, reddish-brown to nearly black; flesh moderately tender, red, juicy, vinous, sweet; quality very good; pit small, ovoid, turgid; ripens about the middle of June.

Bigarreau Dur. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 46. 1831.

Listed in this reference without description.

Bigarreau Duranno. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:191. 1877.

This variety is first mentioned by Leroy in 1868, appearing in his catalog of 1875 incorrectly as Bigarreau Duracino. The trees are used for stocks. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, uneven; suture narrow; stem long, slender; skin deep red in the sun; flesh firm, dry, acidulated, sugary; matures early in July.

Bigarreau Galopin. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

Bigarreau Glady. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:206 fig. 1877.

This variety was sent from the Jumard nursery about 1850 to Eugène Glady, Bordeaux, France. Fruit above medium in size, cordate, elongated; stem of medium length, set in a straight, deep cavity; skin brownish-red, striped with carmine; flesh a light rose color, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated; first quality; pit of medium size; ripens the first of June.

Bigarreau Grand. P. avium. 1. Pom. France 7:No. 13, Pl. 13. 1871. 2. Guide Prat. 15. 1895.

This cherry was introduced into the vicinity of Lyons, France, in 1849 by M. Grand who probably brought it from his nurseries in Italy. It has many characters in common with Lyons. Tree moderately vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, truncate at the base; suture wide, deep; stem medium, straight, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin thin, smooth, changing from a whitish-green to a rose-red and later to a deep crimson; flesh fine, half-tender, rose-colored, lighter near pit, with pale juice, sugary, aromatic; good; pit large, oval; season very early.

Bigarreau Groll. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 135 fig., 136. 1860. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:207 fig., 208. 1877.

Grolls bunte Knorpelkirsche. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 328, 329. 1819.

Bigarreau blanc de Groll. 4. Guide Prat. 17, 182. 1895.

This seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, bearing the name of its originator, has been known and rather widely written about since early in the Nineteenth Century. Tree of moderate vigor; fruit generally borne in pairs, large, cordate, truncate at the base; sides compressed and marked by a suture; stem long, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin red, becoming darker, spotted and streaked; flesh yellowish, somewhat firm, juicy, aromatic; first quality; stone large, oval; ripens in June and hangs for a long time.

Bigarreau Gros Noir de Luther. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876.

Listed in the reference given.

Bigarreau Hâtif de Champagne. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895.

Found at Champagne, Ain, France, and introduced in 1873 by M. Fandon. The tree is an erect, vigorous grower; fruit large, brownish-black, ripening two weeks before Lyons; of little value.

Bigarreau Hâtif de Saint-Laud. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:107, 108, fig. 54. 1882. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 337. 1889.

Fruit large, cordate, slightly irregular in outline; stem rather short, set in a wide, round cavity; skin clear red, striped with deeper red changing to purple; flesh rather tender, tinged red, with abundant colored juice, sugary, vinous; good; pit small, ovoid, slightly compressed; matures the middle of June.

Bigarreau d'Italie. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:102-104, 219, fig. 21. 1866. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:211, 212 fig. 1877.

Bohemian Black Bigarreau. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 76, 94. 1866.

Black Bohemian. 4. Fish Hardy-Fr. Bk. 2:104. 1882.

This old variety was much esteemed by the Italians and later by the Belgians who grew it as early as 1815; it is of more recent introduction into France and England. It is sometimes confused with the Florence of Hogg and Downing. Fruit roundish, slightly heart-shaped, flattened at both ends; suture distinct; stem thick, short, inserted in an acute, deep cavity; skin firm, thick, glossy, very deep purple changing to black; flesh firm, dark, juicy, sugary, aromatic; pit medium, roundish-oval, convex, suture and grooves prominent; season the last two weeks of June.

Bigarreau Jacquet. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 337. 1889.

Listed in this reference.

Bigarreau Jumard. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict Pom. 5: 206. 1877.

Mentioned as having been received by Eugène Glady, Bordeaux, Gironde, France, in a shipment of trees received about 1850 from the Jumard nursery.

Bigarreau Krüger. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:215, 216 fig. 1877.

Bigarreau noir de Krüger. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 22, 190. 1876.

Krüger's Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 366. 1889.

This variety was introduced into France by M. Eugène Glady, 1858, from Guben, Prussia, Germany, and is thought to have been originated by one of the Krüger family. Tree vigorous, bears early; fruit large to above, cordate, more or less roundish, faces compressed; suture wide; stem long, slender, set in a large cavity; skin yellowish-white, mingled with red, changing to brownish; flesh pale yellow, rather firm, slightly fibrous, juicy, sweet though sprightly; pit large, elongated-oval, flat; ripens toward the middle of June.

Bigarreau Legrey. P. avium. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 74. 1866.

A small, cordate-shaped Bigarreau, more curious than useful.

Bigarreau de Lory. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 205. 1819.

Bigarreau de Loire. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

Mentioned as a medium-sized, dark brownish-red, firm-fleshed fruit.

Bigarreau Marjolet. P. avium. 1. Guide Prat. 7. 1895.

Guigne Marjolet. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:135, 136, fig. 68. 1882. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 360. 1889.

Bigarreau Marjeollais. 4. Ibid. 337. 1889.

Marjolets Knorpelkirsche. 5. Proskauer Obstsort. 57. 1907.

The descriptions of the Guigne Marjolet and the Bigarreau Marjolet are identical and we have combined the two. The variety was named after its originator, M. Marjolet; tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, dark red; flesh tender, red, vinous, pleasing; ripens the middle of June.

Bigarreau Mongin. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 482. 1904.

Tree of medium growth; fruit medium in size, cordate; stem long, inserted in a deep cavity; skin clear yellow blushed with red; flesh yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, pleasant; ripens in July in Canada.

Bigarreau Monstreuse de Bavay. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 235. 1854.

Spoken of, in 1854, as promising but evidently it has been discarded as no reference has been made to it since that date. It may be Reine Hortense.

Bigarreau Moreau. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 552, 553, Pl. 1913.

This cherry recently originated as a chance seedling near Lyons, France, several persons claiming the honor of its discovery. Its value was discussed at the meetings of the Société Pomologique de France in 1909 and 1911 when it was adjudged by leading French pomologists to be one of the earliest of all varieties, earlier than Lyons, and showing high commercial possibilities. Tree handsome in type of growth, with open, somewhat erect branches; leaves large, deeply serrate; fruit very large; color beautiful clear red becoming darker at maturity; flesh white, breaking, very firm, with uncolored juice, sweet, very refreshing; stone medium to small; season in France very early.

Bigarreau Napoléon Noir. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876.

Bigarreau Noir Napoléon III. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:227 fig., 228. 1877.

Napoléon Noir. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 307. 1884.

Herzkirsche Napoléon III. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 362. 1889.

The origin of this cherry is uncertain. Leroy first noted it in the Simon-Louis catalog in 1867. To avoid confusion with the well-known Napoleon, he added the number III. Fruit usually attached in pairs, large, varying from elongated-oval to cylindrical; stem long, set in a large cavity; color dull red changing to deep maroon; flesh rose-colored, moderately firm, very juicy, sweet; ripens the last of June.

Bigarreau Noir d'Ecully. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 338. 1889. 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 522. 1906.

Ecullyer Knorpelkirsche. 3. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, black at maturity; flesh firm, crisp, dark, vinous, sugary, juicy, good; late.

Bigarreau Noir à Gros Fruits. P. avium. 1. Le Bon Jard. 345. 1882.

Fruit large, flattened; flesh firm, sweet; first quality; ripens early in June.

Bigarreau Noir de Heintzen. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22, 190. 1876.

Heintzen's (Heintze's) Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 362. 1889.

This is said to be a very good and productive cherry ripening in the fifth week of the cherry season.

Bigarreau Noir de Tabor. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 19, 190. 1876.

Tabors schwarze Knorpelkirsche. 2. Ill. Handb. 79 fig., 80. 1860.

Tree vigorous, upright; fruit of medium size, cordate, often obtuse; sides compressed; suture but a line; stem medium long; cavity variable; skin glossy, dark reddish-brown; flesh firm, dark red, sweet, rich; stone small, roundish; ripens the last of June.

Bigarreau d'Octobre. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 243. 1858.

Oktober-Knorpelkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:38. 1858.

This variety was refused a place on the American Pomological Society's fruit list in 1858. Fruit small, oval to roundish-cordate, flattened at the cavity; stem short; skin black, glossy; stone large, oval; good.

Bigarreau de l'Once. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:5, 6, fig. 3. 1882.

It is thought that this variety originated in the vicinity of Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France. Fruit very large, elongated-cordate; suture distinct on one side, a colored line on the other side; stem very long, slender; cavity deep, large; skin a clear cherry-red on a yellow ground; flesh yellowish, crisp, firm, sweet, refreshing, with abundant, uncolored juice; quality good; pit large; season the first of July.

Bigarreau Pourpré. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876.

Gros Bigarreau pourpré. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:212, 215, 218. 1866.

Tree vigorous; fruit large, roundish-cordate; skin deep reddish-brown; flesh firm, good; ripens early in July.

Bigarreau Printanier d'Oullins. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

Bigarreau Reverchon. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:133. 1866. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:235 fig., 382. 1877. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 285. 1884.

M. Paul Reverchon introduced this variety about 1855, into France from Italy, where it had long been known about Florence as Bigarreau Papal. Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit attached in ones or twos, large, obtuse-cordate, marked distinctly on one side by the suture; stem thick, short, set in a prominent cavity; skin smooth, glossy, tough, rose-yellow streaked with purple in the sun and with red in the shade; flesh light red, crisp, fibrous, moderately juicy, rather sweet; pit small, ovoid, plump; season the last of June to the first of July.

Bigarreau Richelieu. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:235, 236 fig. 1877.

This variety, says Leroy, was introduced into France from Nikita, Crimea, Russia, about 1858. Fruit borne in pairs, large, elongated-cordate, with one side flattened; stem long, inserted in a small mamelonated cavity; skin glossy, yellowish-amber, with a rose-colored blush in the sun; flesh firm, breaking, filamentose, juicy, sweet, aromatic; first quality; stone of medium size, elongated-cordate; ripens the last of June.

Bigarreau Rosa. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:239 fig. 1877.

Tree moderately productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, elongated-cordate, faces flattened; suture wide, deep; stem long, rather stout, set in a wide cavity; skin yellowish on rose-colored ground, amply washed with brilliant red on which are scattered small, white dots; flesh yellowish-white, firm, compact, filamentose, juicy, uncolored, rather sugary, acidulated, aromatic; second quality; pit large, turgid; ripens the last of June.

Bigarreau Rose Dragon. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 96. 1877.

Reported by the Committee on Foreign Fruits in 1877 as worthy of trial but not grown at present. Fruit large, pale yellow, with a red cheek; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, good; season the middle of July.

Bigarreau de Schrecken. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876. Schreckens Kirsche. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 377. 1889.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; brownish-black, glossy; flesh moderately firm; first quality; matures in mid-June.

Bigarreau Strié. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:114, 115, 208. 1866.

Fruit large, elongated-cordate, faces compressed; suture wide; stem short, rather stout; skin many shades of red and purple on a rose-colored ground with flesh-colored spots; flesh reddish, firm, crisp, sweet; juice slightly colored; quality fair; stone small; season early; deteriorates rapidly.

Bigarreau de Trie. P. avium. 1. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 13. 1887.

Origin unknown, but rather widely cultivated around Trie, Hautes-Pryénées, France. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, roundish, compressed, slightly cordate; stem long, slender; skin tough, deep red, transparent, with a slight blush of amber; flesh whitish-yellow, very firm, juicy, uncolored, sugary, aromatic; good; season early July.

Bigarreau à Trochets. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876.

An extremely productive variety distributed in some parts of France; fruit large, red; flesh brittle; ripens in late June.

Bigarreau Turca. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:247, 248 fig. 1877.

This old cherry was described in 1785 as Heaume Rouge but was found in 1862 by Leroy in Florence, Italy, as Bigarreau Turca by which name it was well known. It is probably not of Turkish origin as the name would indicate. Fruit often borne in pairs, large, obtuse-cordate; suture noticeable but not deep; stem short; cavity spacious; color deep red, lightly spotted with gray; flesh rather firm, fibrous, mottled with light red becoming darker near the pit, juicy, sweet, sprightly; pit large, ovoid, plump; ripens late in June.

Bigarreau de Walpurgis. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:250 fig. 1877.

St. Walpurgiskirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:35. 1858.

Walpurgiskirsche. 3. Ill. Handb. 41 fig., 42. 1867.

Cerise Walpurgis. 4. Mas Le Verger 8:157, 158, fig. 77. 1866-73.

This variety is a seedling from the village of Walpurgisburg, near Cologne, Germany, originating about 1845. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit attached in pairs, very large, roundish-cordate, compressed; suture shallow, extending entirely around the fruit; stem slender, rather long; cavity wide, shallow, sides only slightly raised; skin firm, adherent, glossy, dark cherry-red changing to almost black; flesh firm, dark red, juicy, aromatic, vinous; pit of medium size, oval, dark red; ripens late in July.

Bigarreau de Zeisberg. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876.

Zeisbergische Kirsche. 2. Ill. Handb. 31 fig., 32. 1867.

Cerise de Zeisberg. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:35, 36, fig. 18. 1882.

Oberdieck received this variety, which bears the name of its originator, from Hanover, Prussia, Germany, in 1857. Fruit very large, obtuse-cordate; suture wide, flat on the dorsal side, extending slightly beyond the apex; stem long, rather slender, set in a flaring cavity; skin glossy, brownish-black, later becoming black, adhering to the pulp; flesh firm, dark red, juicy, pleasant, with an aromatic sweetness when mature; season the last of June.

Bigarreau Zschedowitzer Schwarze. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 23. 1876. Listed in the reference given.

Bigarreautier à Petit Fruit Noir. P. avium. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:503. 1860. A mediocre but productive cherry ripening in August.

Bigarreautier à Petit Fruit Rose. P. avium. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:503. 1860.

A variety raised from seed in 1824; tree vigorous; stem long; flesh tender, white, sugary; quality fair; July.

Bill and Coo. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 454. 1869.

Two lovers made the original tree their haunt, hence, the name "Bill and Coo." This variety originated on the grounds of Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Fruit of medium size, regular heart-shaped, flattened at the apex; stem long, slender; cavity deep; suture broad on one side, the opposite side knobby; color amber-yellow, marbled with clear red; flesh rich, delicate, sweet; ripens early in June.

Bismarck. P. avium. 1. Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Cat. 20. 1907.

This variety is a Sweet Cherry from near Baltimore, Maryland. Fruit very large, dark red, firm, sweet, juicy and rich; vigorous and productive; ripens the first of July.

Black American. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831.

Listed without description in this reference.

Black Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:35, 37, 38. 1771. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:130. 1832.

Bigarreau noir Hâtif.>Bigarreau hâtif. 3. Le Bond Jard. 345. 1882.

Bigarreau noir Hâtif. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 285. 1884.

Black Bigarreau is an old variety of unknown origin quite distinct from any others of its class. Tree productive; fruit medium to large, heart-shaped, obscurely flattened; stem long; skin at first dotted with red, later becoming black, glossy; flesh firm, rather dry, with dark colored juice, breaking, sweet; not high in quality; ripens the last of June and the first of July.

Black Bigarreau of Savoy. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 185. 1845. 2. Ibid. 256. 1857.

New Large Black Bigarreau. 3. Kenrick Am. Orch. 234, 235. 1841. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 185. 1845. 5. Mag. Hort. 16:538 fig., 539. 1850.

Large Black Bigarreau of Savoy. 6. Mag. Hort. 8:251. 1842.

Walsh Seedling. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 196, 197. 1854.

Bigarreau noir de Savoie. 8. Mas Le Verger 8:33, 34, fig. 15. 1866-73.

The original tree of this variety was brought from the south of France by the father of George Walsh, Charlestown, Massachusetts. The tree came into bearing about 1840. In 1841, fruits were exhibited from trees introduced into American collections from Italy as New Large Black Bigarreau, and were thought by several people to be the Black Bigarreau of Savoy. Until 1857, all writers held these two varieties to be distinct but Downing then declared them to be the same and on his authority we combine the two. Tree vigorous, handsome; fruit large, regular, cordate, slightly obtuse; stem long, rather stout, set in a narrow, even cavity; skin smooth, not very glossy, nearly black when mature; flesh dark purplish-red, firm, juicy, sweet, rich, slightly adherent to the stone; pit rather large; ripens the middle of July.

Black Hungarian Gean. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831.

A round, black Guigne of second quality with tender, transparent flesh; used for dessert.

Black Margaret. Species? 1. Watkins Cat. 32. 1892.

Described as a fine, black, very late, English cherry.

Black Prolific. Species? 1. Lond. Hort Soc. Cat. 55. 1831.

Listed in the reference given.

Black Spanish. P. avium. 1. Rea Flora 205. 1676. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 177-180. 1819.

Schwarze oder Späte Herzkirsche. 3. Krünitz Enc. 60, 61. 1790.

Spanish. 4. Kenrick Am. Orch. 217. 1835.

Schwarze Spanische Knorpelkirsche. 5. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:37. 1858.

Bigarreau noir d'Espagne. 6. Thomas Guide Prat. 23, 189. 1876.

This is an old variety first mentioned by the English and in all probability is of English origin. It has been greatly confused by some German writers with other black cherries but Truchsess maintains that if placed beside the Grosse Schwarze Knorpelkirsche and the Grosse Schwarze Knorpelkirsche mit Festem Fleische, the two with which it is most often confused, differences could be noted especially as to firmness of flesh and smallness of pit. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture distinct; stem slender, short; cavity small, smooth, shallow; skin dark reddish-brown changing to black, lighter along the suture; flesh more tender than in most hard-fleshed sorts, dark red, sweet; stone small, adhering before fully mature, colored; ripens early in July or earlier.

Black Turkey Heart. P. avium. 1. Watkins Cat. 32. 1892.

Fruit large, black, late; suitable for market and home use.

Blasse Johanni Kirsche. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 23. 1876.

Received by Thomas with a recommendation from Baron Emanuel Trauttenberg of Prague.

Bocage. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895.

This variety is said, in Guide Pratique, 1895, to be similar to Carnation, a Sour Cherry, while Thomas says it is similar to Reine Hortense, a hybrid sort.

Bohemian Queen. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Hort. 13:104. 1890.

This variety is said to come true to seed; to be similar in fruit-characters to Ostheim, though larger and more fleshy; to be productive and a cherry of good flavor; and to succeed well in moist land.

Bon Bon. Species? 1. Childs Cat. 153 fig. 1893.

A very early, large, dark red, juicy cherry; ships well and bears regularly.

Book. Species? 1. Pa. Dept. Agr. Rpt. Pt. 1:427. 1902.

This is a local variety recommended by John Weitzel, Bethesda, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Fruit medium to large, dark red; ripens the middle of June.

Boppard. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 415. 1899.

Boppard's Early. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:58. 1900.

Bopparder Frühkirsche. 3. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907.

Tree vigorous; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; skin glossy, dark red; flesh red, firm, juicy, sweet.

Boquet Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 78. 1890.

Amarelle Boquet. 2. Ibid. 331. 1885. 3. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:110. 1900.

This is one of Budd's importations of 1883, according to the third reference. It is often confused with the Boquet Amarelle of the French. The fruit resembles Early Richmond in size, shape, season and color, differing only in its flesh being more firm, its pit smaller, and the tree less productive; of no value commercially.

Boreatton. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 215. 1854.

A small, roundish-cordate, nearly black Sweet Cherry, with half-tender flesh; poor quality; ripens in mid-July.

Boughton Early Black Duke. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831.

Mentioned in the reference given.

Boulebonner Kirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 47 fig., 48. 1867.

Bigarreau Hâtif Boulbon. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:103, 104, fig. 52. 1882.

This cherry was introduced into Belgium from France some years previous to 1867. Tree not vigorous, but productive; fruit large, broadly cordate, variable in size and form, sides compressed; suture distinct, deepest near the cavity; apex slightly depressed; stem slender, usually long, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin a glossy, rose-red color with a yellowish tinge, dotted and streaked with clear blood-red and washed with dark purplish-red; flesh yellowish-white, reddish-white under the skin, firm, juicy, rich, pleasing; stone large, oval, somewhat flattened, with a short point; partially clinging; ripens the last of June and, according to Oberdieck, hangs during wet seasons without cracking.

Bount Dantzic. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831.

Mentioned in the reference given.

Bouquet-Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:23. 1858. 2. Ill. Handb. 7 fig., 8. 1867.

The tree of this variety has the growth of a Sweet Cherry with small, black, Heart fruits borne like the cluster cherries, one, two, three and four on the stem. The single fruits are roundish-cordate, with flattened ends while the double and triple fruits are more narrow and elongated; the fruit matures unevenly, having green, red and black fruits at the same time; pit roundish-oval, slightly pointed at the base, somewhat larger in the double fruits.

Bouquetweichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 291. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 519, 520, 521. 1819.

This cherry was received by Truchsess in 1796 from Mayer under the name Bouquet-kirsche. Many of the flowers have six, seven, eight, and occasionally as high as twelve petals, with two or three pistils. Fruit usually very small, attached to a long, stiff, woody stem shallowly inserted; round, flattened beneath; suture shallow; flesh and juice reddish-black, with a bitterish-sour flavor, which it loses if allowed to remain on the tree; pit of medium size.

Boussieuer Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907.

A variegated Sweet Cherry.

Bowers' Seedlings. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:64. 1903.

Three seedlings originated with John Bowers, Sigourney, Iowa. No. 1.—Fruit medium, dark red; juice colorless; quality fair. No. 2.—Tree hardy; bears regularly; fruit large, oblate, roundish; stem long, slender; skin dark red; juice colorless; fair in quality; late. No. 3.—Fruit large, red to dark red; juice slightly colored, mild subacid; of very good quality.

Bowyer Early Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831. 2. Kenrick Am. Orch. 234. 1841. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:15, 16, fig. 8. 1882.

Boyer's Early. 4. Hooper W. Fr. Book 269. 1857. 5. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 665. 1897.

Roberts' Red. 6. Hooper W. Fr. Book 269. 1857.

This variety probably originated in England nearly a century ago. Some writers confuse it with Early White Heart but the two are undoubtedly distinct. Tree vigorous, round-topped, hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; cavity shallow, wide; suture distinct; stem variable in length; skin of medium thickness, pale amber-yellow overspread with light red; flesh whitish, tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly, refreshing; very good in quality; stone of medium size, short-ovate, plump, blunt at the apex; season early.

Boyd Early Black. Species? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 138. 1881.

Mentioned in a report from Ohio as a variety of great superiority and value.

Brandon. P. pumila. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 353. 1896.

A prolific seedling of Prunus pumila; introduced by the Manitoba Station.

Brandywine. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Horticulturist N. S. 5:492, Pl. 1855. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 258. 1857.

John R. Brinckle, Wilmington, Delaware, produced this variety from a seed of White Bigarreau grown near May Duke. It fruited for the first time in 1851. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity shallow, small; skin yellowish, mottled and marbled with light crimson, glossy; flesh semi-transparent, tender, very juicy, sprightly, acidulous; stone rather large; season the last of June; recommended for culinary uses.

Brant. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 191 fig. 1854. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 258. 1857.

Brant was grown by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, about the middle of the Nineteenth Century, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit large, roundish-cordate, uneven, sides slightly compressed; stem medium, set in an angular cavity; skin thin, lively purplish-red changing to dark purplish; flesh dark purplish-red with indistinct white lines radiating from the center, tender, with abundant, colored juice, sweet and richly flavored; pit medium in size, roundish-oval, nearly smooth; season from the middle of June to the first of July.

Brassington. P. cerasus. 1. Call Cat. 5, fig. 1913.

A chance seedling found in Oceana County, Michigan. Fruit large, dark red, sprightly subacid; ripens with Early Richmond; productive.

Braunauer Glaskirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 168. 1825.

Braunauer Amarelle. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:72. 1858.

This variety originated about 1825. Tree large, moderately productive, with large, Sour Cherry leaves. Often classed as an Amarelle because of the resemblance in the branches. Fruit very large, round, compressed; suture distinct; stem very long, shallowly inserted; color dark red, rather cloudy; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, pleasing subacid when fully ripe; stone of medium size; ripens in August.

Braune Soodkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 287. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 583, 584, 585. 1819.

Tree of medium growth; branches drooping; fruit large to very large, flattened, slightly depressed; stem long, set in a rather deep cavity; skin brownish-red; flesh dark red at the stone becoming clear red beneath the skin, tender, with abundant, red juice, pleasing subacid; stone roundish-elongated, one-half an inch long; season the last of July.

Braune Spanische Kirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 275. 1802.

Späte braune Spanische Herzkirsche. 2. Christ Handb. 660. 1797.

Braune Spanische Herzkirsche. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:22. 1858.

This cherry differs from the black Hearts in being smaller, more compressed and sweeter, the flesh softer and more melting. Tree small, productive; fruit small, roundish, compressed on both sides; black, somewhat red on one side; ripens at the end of June.

Braunrote Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 544, 545. 1819.

Braune rothe Sauerkirsche. 2. Christ Wörterb. 289. 1802.

Griotte rouge foncé. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:306. 1866.

This variety was found in Bernburg, Prussia, Germany. It is distinguished from the other Sour Cherries ripening with it by its lingering brownish-red color, its pleasing, mild sourness, its tender flesh, and by its wood. Tree not large, making a close growth, productive; branches erect; fruit bunch-like, large, almost round, flattened at the ends, sides slightly compressed; stem long, stout, inserted in a rather wide, deep cavity; color remains brownish-red for quite a period, later becoming almost black; flesh tender, with abundant, colored juice, pleasingly sour; stone egg-shaped, almost oval; season the last of July.

Briggs Sweet. P. avium. 1. Green-River Nur. Cat. 22. 1899.

Briggs Sweet was raised from seed in the garden of Dr. J. A. Briggs, South Union, Kentucky, where it has fruited for twenty years. The tree is thrifty, a regular bearer and resembles Wood in appearance of both tree and fruit but is much hardier.

Brindilles. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 424. 1903.

This is a vigorous cherry with a low, slender habit of growth, blooming the middle of June and ripening late in August. Fruit of medium size, round, depressed or oblate; stem long, set in a narrow cavity; skin light, clear red; flesh tender, juicy, sprightly.

Brown Best. P. cerasus. 1. Brown Bros. Cat. 24. 1900.

Brown Best was introduced some twenty-five years ago by Brown Brothers, Rochester, New York, having been budded from an old tree. Fruit large, dark red, tender, sour, rich; quality good; very late; productive.

Brown Seedling. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 214. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 457. 1869.

Originated in Connecticut. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, compressed with a line and a light suture; cavity broad; skin whitish, shaded and mottled with red; flesh half-tender, juicy, sweet; quality fair; season early July.

Buckatzsch Weisse Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 277, 278, 677, 678. 1819.

A medium-sized cherry of fair quality from Guben, Prussia, Germany, where it first fruited in 1816.

Buckatzsch Weisse Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 341, 685. 1819.

This is another seedling from Prussia, Germany; stem of medium length; flesh somewhat tender and light.

Budd No. 533. P. cerasus. 1. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:14. 1910.

This is probably a Russian seedling sent out by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Tree small, round-topped, with slender, recumbent branches; foliage scant, mostly on the tips of the branches; fruit very large, roundish heart-shaped; stem short, thick; skin tough, thin, dark, mottled red; flesh firm, yellow, slightly stained with red, astringent, subacid; quality fair; stone large, round; season the last of July.

Buffalo. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 13:150. 1871.

This cherry was received from Buffalo, New York, by Smiley Shepard of Hennepen, Illinois, in the "fifties." The fruit with him proved very hardy and productive and promised to become a valuable sweet variety for prairie orchards. Mr. Shepard sent cions to different localities for testing but nothing has been heard further about the variety.

Bunte Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 19:551. 1892. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:273. 1903.

This is not a Morello, though grown in North Silesia under this name. Tree vigorous and hardy, but a late bloomer; fruit large, cordate, reddish; flesh light-colored, juicy.

Burbank. P. avium. 1. Burbank Cat. 4, 19. 1911.

Burbank Early. 2. Leonard Coates Cat. 1911.

This is another of Burbank's cherries, trees of which have not yet fruited at the Station. Trees described as vigorous, sure croppers; foliage very large; fruit very large, attractive deep crimson; season very early. Its large leaves, it is claimed, protect the fruit from the birds and from cracking during late spring rains.

Burchardts Schwarze Rosenobel. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 166, 167, 1819. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:91, 92, fig. 46. 1882.

This cherry was raised by the German pomologist Burchardt from a seed of Rosenobel. Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem medium in length, set in a deep, straight cavity; skin purple, changing to almost black; flesh purple, rather tender, juice slightly colored, sweet; first quality; season the first of June.

Burghley Park. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Flor. & Pom. 229, 230. 1870. 2. Gard. Chron. 1057. 1870.

Burghley Park is a seedling, raised by R. Gilbert, Burghley Park, Stanford, England; it was placed on the list of new fruits of the Royal Horticultural Society in July, 1871. There is a question as to whether it is distinct, some believing it to be Reine Hortense. Fruit very large, usually oval, often flattened, with an obscure suture; stem long, rather slender; skin very thin, transparent, a brilliant dark red if left hanging; flesh dull yellowish-red, veined or netted, very juicy, melting, with a pleasing astringency; ripens in mid-season.

Burr. P. avium. 1. Cole Am. Fr. Book 233. 1849. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 342. 1889.

Semis de Burr. 3. Mas Le Verger 8:163, 164, fig. 80. 1866-73.

Burr originated about 1844, with Zera Burr, of Perrinton, New York. Tree vigorous, erect, round-topped, very productive, not always hardy; fruit medium to large, obtuse-cordate with a pointed apex; stem long, slender; skin thin, mottled with light and dark red; flesh whitish, rather tender, juicy, sprightly, agreeably sweet; very good in quality; stone small, irregularly ovate, short, thick; ripens in early mid-season.

Büttner Gelbe Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 361, 362, 363. 1819. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:129, 130 fig. 31. 1866. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:214 fig., 215. 1877.

Büttner's Yellow. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 185. 1845. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 20. 1875.

Wachsknorpelkirsche. 6. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:44, 45. 1858.

Büttner, at Halle, Prussia, Germany, raised this cherry as a seedling and it is probably superior to any of the varieties originated by this horticulturist. It fruited for the first time about 1800 and was introduced shortly after. It was grown in America as Büttner's Yellow in the first half of the Nineteenth Century and was listed in the American Pomological Society's fruit catalog in 1875 but was dropped in 1899. Tree strong, vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, flattened at the base; suture indistinct; stem thick, inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; skin firm, thick, pale yellow, slightly spotted with brownish-red; flesh pale yellow, firm, breaking, juicy, sweet, aromatic, with a rich, lively flavor; quality good; stone small, roundish-ovate, free; ripens early in July.

Büttner Rothe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 236, 237. 1819.

Büttner's rothe Molkenkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:29. 1858.

Another seedling raised by Büttner about 1797 and later tested by Truchsess. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, with sides somewhat compressed; stem long; skin yellowish-white mingled with clear red, sometimes dark red; flesh yellowish-white, very soft, juicy, sweet; quality fair; stone small, heart-shaped; matures the first half of July.

Büttner Rothe Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 299, 300, 301. 1819.

Büttner's rothe Marmorkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:43. 1858.

Bigarreau rouge de Büttner. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:132. 1866. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:240 fig., 241. 1877.

Grown from seed about 1795, by Büttner. Büttner Späte Rote, one of Büttner's seedlings is similar to this one. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a shallow suture; skin thick, lively red on one side and shaded with carmine on the other; flesh yellowish, firm, breaking, strongly adhering to the pit, sweet, aromatic; quality good; stone of medium size, round; matures the last of June or the first of July.

Büttner Schwarze Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 122, 123, 124. 1819. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 204, 205. 1854. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:64 fig., 65, 66. 1866.

Büttner's schwarze neue Herzkirsche. 4. Christ Wörterb. 275. 1802.

Bigarreau Noir Büttner. 5. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:222 fig. 1877.

Still another variety obtained from seed by Büttner in 1795. With several others it was sent to Truchsess, about 1801, for testing. Tree strong, vigorous, erect, hardy, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture prominent; stem of medium length, set in a deep cavity; skin firm, glossy, deep reddish-black; flesh dark red, moderately firm, juicy, sweet and pleasant; quality good; stone of medium size, roundish-oval; ripens early in July.

Büttner Schwarze Sauerkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 601, 602, 603. 1819.

Büttner's schwarze neue Sauerkirsche. 2. Christ Wörterb. 289. 1802.

Raised from seed by Büttner and sent to Truchsess for testing about 1797. Fruit round, of medium size, glossy, black; flesh firm, red, moderately juicy, agreeably acid; quality fair; ripens in August.

Büttner Späte Rothe Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 329, 330, 682, 683. 1819.

Büttner's harte Marmorkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:43. 1858.

Bigarreau Rouge Tardif de Büttner. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:11, 12, fig. 6. 1882.

Büttner's Late Red. 4. Can. Exp. Farm. Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:59. 1900.

Another seedling raised by Büttner early in the Nineteenth Century and quite similar to Büttner Rote, except in its time of ripening, which is later. Tree of medium vigor, erect; fruit large, heart-shaped, flattened at the base, compressed at the apex; suture medium in depth; skin thick and firm, yellowish-white mingled with red, changing to dark red; flesh yellowish, firm, breaking, sweet, aromatic, with abundant, uncolored juice; quality good; stone large, oval, slightly clinging to the flesh; matures the last of July.

Büttner Späte Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Ill. Handb. 531 fig., 532. 1861.

Büttner's September und Octoberweichsel. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 609. 1819.

Büttner's October Zucker Weichsel. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831.

Büttner's Sehrspäte. 4. Ibid. 47. 1831.

Büttner's October Morello. 5. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 193, 194. 1845. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74. 1862.

Griotte Tardive de Büttner. 7. Mas Le Verger 8:95, 96, fig. 46. 1866-73.

Bigarreau Tardif Büttner. 8. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:245 fig., 246. 1877.

Büttner's October. 9. Hogg Fruit Man. 288. 1884.

Produced from seed about 1800, by Büttner. As one of the latest of all cherries, it was at one time considered of value for culinary purposes and for a time was grown to a limited extent in this country. The American Pomological Society placed it on its fruit catalog list in 1862 but dropped it in 1869. Tree hardy, productive; fruit often hangs to the tree till October, large, round, somewhat oblate; suture indistinct; apex depressed; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; skin thin but firm, reddish-brown, separating easily from the pulp; flesh light red, reticulated with whitish fibers, firm, breaking, juicy, sweet, rich, mingled with pleasant subacid; quality good; stone large, oval, semi-clinging; ripens the last of August and early September.

Byrnville. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882.

Listed in this reference.

Cameleon. Species? 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 574. 1629.

A strange cherry, changeable in color, spoken of by Parkinson because of its peculiarities. The fruit is very red in color and of good taste, but varies greatly in color, shape and arrangement. It also bears blossoms, green and ripe fruit at the same time.

Cardinalskirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Obstbäume 159. 1791. 2. Christ Wörterb. 284. 1802.

A cherry similar to the Doctorkirsche in both tree- and fruit-characters; fruit dark brown, with a subacid flavor.

Carmine Stripe. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 206. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 258. 1857.

Cerise Carminée. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:23, 24, fig. 12. 1882.

Carmine Stripe is a seedling from Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, spreading, very productive; fruit above medium in size, heart-shaped, compressed on the sides, surface often uneven, with a suture on one side, followed by a line of carmine; stem variable; skin amber-yellow, shaded and mottled with bright, lively carmine; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, with agreeable sprightliness; pit small; season the last of June.

Caroline. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 206. 1854.

Originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree upright-spreading, vigorous; fruit above medium in size, roundish-oblong, one side slightly compressed; color pale amber, mottled with clear, light red, becoming rich red in the sun; flesh tinged with pale red, translucent, tender, juicy, sweet; pit of medium size, oblong, oval; season the last of June. Delicious for dessert.

Catskill. Species? 1. Chase Cat. 1888.

This variety, sent out by R. G. Chase, Geneva, New York, in 1888, is probably now extinct. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped; skin light yellow, nearly covered with light carmine; stem slender, long; flesh light yellow, juicy, sprightly, mild subacid; good.

Cerise Albanes. Species? 1. Rev. Hort. 284. 1861.

Introduced from Revel, Haute-Garonne, France. It is a fruit of first size, excellent quality, with dark green leaves, productive; fruit white with more or less yellow.

Cerise d'Angleterre Précoce. Species? 1. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2:No. 25, Pl. 1846.

According to Poiteau, this cherry, sometimes called Cerise Nouvelle d'Angleterre, was confused by Duhamel with his Cerise Guigne. Fruit small in the first stages of ripening, later becoming larger, flattened at the base and apex; color clear red changing to almost black at complete maturity.

Cerise de l'Ardèche. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876.

Belle grosse d'Ardèche. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

Schöne von Ardêche. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 376. 1889.

Distinct from other varieties in its manner of growth, according to Thomas.

Cerise Bellon. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

Cerise de la Besnardière. P. cerasus. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:181. 1866. 2. Leroy.

Dict. Pom. 5:172 fig. 1877.

Kirsche von Bénardière. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 334. 1889.

In 1841, Leroy mentioned this variety in his catalog stating that it was found in the gardens of the Baron of Besnardière. Mortillet believed it to be Carnation not being convinced of the contrary until after he had published his description of the Carnation. Tree strong, moderately productive; fruit attached singly, large, globular, compressed at the ends; suture apparent; stem of medium length, inserted in a rather wide, deep cavity; skin clear red, brilliant; flesh reddish at the surface, whitish near the center, tender, with abundant, slightly colored juice, pleasantly acidulated and sweet; first quality; stone small, round, plump; season the end of June in France.

Cerise du Bicentenaire. P. avium X P. cerasus. 1. Rev. Hort. 284, 285, Pl. 1903.

Bicentenaireweichsel. 2. Proskauer Obstsort. 58. 1907.

This variety is supposed to be a bud variation of Royal Duke found in a garden at Lieusaint, France. The trees resemble those of Royal Duke but the fruit is superior in size and ripens from three weeks to a month later. Said to be valuable on northern exposures which increase the advantages of late maturity.

Cerise Blanche à Petit Fruit. P. avium. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:507. 1860.

Similar to the Cerisier à Gros Fruit Blanc but smaller.

Cerise Commune. P. Cerasus. 1. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2:No. 11, Pl. 1846. 2. Le Bon Jard. 346. 1882.

One of the French varieties of cherries grown in the neighborhood of Paris to supply the early market trade. Sometimes called La Grosse Cerise Commune.

Cerise à Côtes. P. Cerasus. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:258, 259 fig. 1877.

This cherry is similar in tree and fruit to Large Montmorency but the fruit is traversed on both sides by a prominent suture. Fruit attached in threes, of medium size, globular, compressed at the ends; suture deep, completely encircling the fruit; stem variable in length, inserted in a large, deep cavity; apex slightly depressed; skin clear red; flesh yellowish, transparent, tender, juicy, sugary, acidulated; pit of medium size, round; second quality; season the end of June; moderately productive.

Cerise d'Espagne. P. Cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876.

Fruit large, deep red, delicious, acidulated, ripening from June to July.

Cerise à la Feuille. P. Cerasus. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:174, 175. 1768.

The fruit is of medium size, roundish-cordate, faces flattened; stem long; cavity deep and straight; skin deep reddish-brown; flesh red, with an acid flavor which it loses somewhat at complete maturity; stone large, lightly tinted; ripens the middle of July.

Cerise de Gembloux. P. avium. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 8:91, Pl. 1860.

M. Staquet Berger of Gembloux, Belgium, grew this cherry from seed. Tree productive, vigorous; fruit large, roundish, slightly cordate; suture pronounced; stem long, slender; skin thin, glossy, nearly black; flesh red, fine, melting, juicy, sugary, acidulated; stone small, oval; ripens the last of July.

Cerise Guigne. P. avium. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:195, 196, Pl. 16 fig. 1. 1768. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:140, 141 fig. 34, 142. 1866. 3. Mas Le Verger 8:159, 160, fig. 78. 1866-73. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:254, 255 fig., 256. 1877.

Griotte Guigne. 5. Prince Pom. Man. 2:149. 1832.

Cerise Anglaise. 6. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2:No. 26, Pl. 1846.

Rothe Muskateller. 7. Ill. Handb. 159 fig., 160. 1860.

This cherry is now of historical interest only. It has been called Cerise Guigne since Duhamel described it in 1768, and may be the variety known long ago by the Romans as Cecilienne. There is no record to show that Cerise Guigne was ever brought to America. Tree large, vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, flattened at the base; suture distinct; stem of medium thickness and length; skin thin; color clear red becoming reddish-brown; flesh clear red, with abundant, colored juice, tender, slightly stringy, sweet, sprightly, agreeable; quality good; ripens early.

Cerise de Mai Double. Species? 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:36, 40. 1771.

Briefly discussed by Knoop.

Cerise de Mai Simple. Species? 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:36, 40, 41. 1771.

Resembles Cerise de Mai Double but smaller.

Cerise de Martigné. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:147. 1882.

The tree-characters are briefly described in this reference.

Cerise de Ostheim. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 78. 1890.

Ostheim. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:79, fig. 18. 1903.

In 1883, Professor J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa, brought this variety to Iowa. It is very similar to the Minnesota Ostheim but a few days later. Fruit of medium size, round, occasionally cordate; stem of medium length, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin firm, deep red, with highly colored juice, mildly subacid; quality very good.

Cerise du Prince Maurice. Species? 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:36, 41. 1771.

Tree vigorous, erect, productive; fruit scarlet, with whitish dots.

Cerise de Prusse. P. cerasus. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:151 fig., 152, 153, 221, 304. 1866.

Guindoux de Provence. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 429, 430. 1819.

Prussian Cherry. 3. Prince Pom. Man. 2:150. 1832.

Provencer Süssweichsel. 4. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:50. 1858.

Cerise de l'Esvière. 5. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882.

Cerise de Prusse noire? 6. Ibid. 11:160. 1882.

This old variety is supposed to be of French origin. It is distinguished from other sorts by its cordate form, its more or less distinct suture, its thick skin, and its heart-shaped pit. Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit rather large, partially cordate, marked by a suture on both sides, more pronounced towards the base; stem of medium length, inserted in a rather deep cavity; skin thick, tough, separating from the pulp, deep reddish, almost black; flesh rather firm, deep red, juicy, sprightly, vinous, with a pronounced acidity; stone rather large, oval-pointed, turgid; ripens early in July.

Cerise de Rouen Double. P. avium. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:36, 42. 1771.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit cordate, marked with a suture of moderate depth; color streaked with clear red on a yellow ground; flesh brittle, sweet, very agreeable.

Cerise de Rouen Simple. P. avium. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:42. 1771.

Resembles the preceding variety in form, color and quality but is somewhat smaller.

Cerise Rouge Pale. P. cerasus. 1. Mas Le Verger 8:89, 90, fig. 43. 1866-73. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:383, 384 fig., 385. 1877.

Cerisier à Gros Fruit Rouge-pâle. 3. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:182, 183, 184, Pl. 9. 1768. 4. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:5, Tab. 14 fig. 1. 1792.

Villennes. 5. Prince Pom. Man. 2:140. 1832.

Bleichrothe Glaskirsche. 6. Ill. Handb. 75 fig., 76. 1867.

This cherry is of interest only because of its past. Of its origin no record can be found. It is first mentioned by Duhamel, in 1768, under a somewhat longer name, "Cerisier à Gros Fruit Rouge-pâle," which many later writers have confused with Carnation. Tree large, vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish, flattened; stem long, thick; cavity deep, broad; skin thin; color a clear, brilliant red growing darker as maturity advances; flesh transparent, juicy, firm, tender, sweet, yet sprightly; of very good quality; season late.

Cerise Rouge Sanguine. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882.

Listed in this reference.

Cerise Royale Ordinaire. Species? 1. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2:No. 22, Pl. 1846.

This variety is known in Normandy as Cerise Musquée because of its slight musky taste. Fruit small, sides compressed; skin red; flesh yellowish, juicy, sugary; quality fair.

Cerise de Soissons. P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 55. 1831.

Französiche Süssweichsel. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:51. 1858.

Admirable de Soissons. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 476. 1869.

Cerise de Soissons is described as a Morello, medium to above in size, broadly cordate, slightly compressed, with a slight suture; stem short; skin dark red; flesh red, tender, juicy, brisk subacid; ripens the middle of July.

Cerise de Tiercé. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882.

Listed without a description.

Cerise de Xavier. P. cerasus. 1. Mag. Hort. 17:363. 1851. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 215. 1854.

A Morello cherry, first shown in 1851, by M. P. Wilder, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Fruit medium in size, round, dark red, acid.

Cerisier Commun à Fruit Rond. P. cerasus. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:172, 173. 1768. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 658, 659. 1819.

Under this heading are grouped many wild cherries in France, grown from seeds, whose trees, leaves and flowers vary as well as the size, taste and time of ripening of the fruits. One of the best of these is grown around Paris, the fruit being small; stem long; pit large; quality and flavor variable.

Cerisier Commun Pleureur. P. cerasus. 1. Rev. Hort. 397. 1888.

This cherry was found in a Sour Cherry plantation. It resembles Montmorency in habit of growth and the Heart cherries in texture of flesh. The tree is used for ornamental planting and its fruit for culinary purposes. Tree very productive, bushy, branches inclined to droop; fruit large, oblong; stem long, inserted in a large cavity; skin glossy, dark red; flesh rose-colored, transparent, sugary, juicy; pit of medium size, elongated-oval; ripens early in June.

Cerisier à Feuilles Laciniées. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:267, 268 fig. 1877.

This is a chance seedling first mentioned by Leroy in his catalog in 1860. Because of its foliage it is often used as an ornamental. Tree strong, moderately productive; fruit generally attached singly, small, oval; suture apparent; stem long; cavity moderately large; skin clear red, marbled with reddish-brown; flesh firm, yellowish-white, with abundant, uncolored juice, sugary, slightly acidulated; pit of medium size, elongated-oval, plump.

Cerisier à Gros Fruit Blanc. P. avium. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:507. 1860.

A cherry ripening in July but described as very sugary and very good; flesh watery, aromatic; productive.

Cerisier Royal Tardif à Fruit Noir. Species? 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:506. 1860.

The fruit ripens in July, becoming deep black.

Cerisier Très-fertile. P. cerasus. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:175, 176. 1768.

Weichselbaum mit bündelförmigen Früchten. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:5, Tab. 12 fig. 1. 1792.

Cerise à Trochet. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 56. 1831. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:397, 398 fig. 1877.

Prolific Cherry. 5. Prince Pom. Man. 2:132. 1832.

Amarelle très-fertile. 6. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:201 fig., 202, 203. 1866.

Leroy states that this variety was long ago well known in France. Because it was grown in the neighborhood of Angers and Saint-Laud, and was of the Montmorency type, Leroy says it was locally named Cerisier Montmorency Hâtif de Saint Laud. He is doubtful whether it existed before the Eighteenth Century; Duhamel was the first to describe it in 1768. The tree resembles the Cluster cherry and is probably but a variation of the Cerise Commune type. Tree small; fruit generally attached in threes, of medium size, globular, compressed at the stem; cavity rather deep; apex small, somewhat prominent; stem of medium size, unequal in length; skin transparent, clear red, deeper when mature; flesh tender, white, juicy, sugary, strongly acidulated; stone medium in size, roundish, turgid; ripens the middle of June. Its graceful habit and productiveness make it a favorite for ornamental purposes.

Cerisier de Varenne. Species? 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:507. 1860.

Belle de Varennes. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882.

Tree erect, very vigorous; fruit large, compressed; stem long; color bright red.

Challenge. P. pumila. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 353. 1896.

Challenge is a Sand Cherry seedling grown in Canada; fair flavor and of medium size.

Champagne. Species? 1. Horticulturist 5:76, 77 fig. 1850. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 205. 1854.

Champagne is a seedling raised by Charles Downing,84 Newburgh, New York, and so named because of the peculiar and lively mingling of sweet and acid in its flavor. Tree very hardy, vigorous, bearing regularly, and withstanding the attacks of rot and blight. Fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, slightly angular; stem moderately long; cavity shallow, flat; skin lively brick-red, inclining to pink; flesh amber, juicy, sprightly, rich; ripens the middle of June.

Champion. P. pumila. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 307. 1898.

Champion is one of many seedlings of the Manitoba Sand, a native Canadian cherry named and described in 1898, by Wm. Saunders of the Canadian Experimental Farms. Fruit large, very dark red, nearly black when ripe; flesh sweet, nearly free from astringency; quality good; ripens in Manitoba the last of August.

Chapman. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 130. 1897. 2. Cal. Nur. Cat. 1:14. 1898. 3. Ore. Nur. Cat. 21. 1903. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 26. 1909.

Chapman was grown by W. H. Chapman of Napa, California, and is supposed to be a seedling of Black Tartarian, surpassing that variety in size and earliness. By some horticulturists Chapman and California Advance are considered identical, but most growers, particularly in California, declare the two to be distinct. Fruit matures early; very large, roundish, purplish-black; stem long, slender; flesh slightly tender; very good in quality; stone small.

Cheresoto. P. pumila × P. americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 130:184, Pl. 10, Pl. 11, 185. 1911.

Cheresoto is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the De Soto plum from the South Dakota Experiment Station. The tree resembles the plum in growth but the fruit, in looks and flavor, is like that of the Sand Cherry. Fruit rather long with a prickle at the apex; about one and three-eighths inches in diameter; skin black with a bluish bloom, thin, free from acerbity; flesh yellowish-green, sprightly; pit clinging.

China Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:126. 1832.

China Heart. 2. Prince Treat. Hort. 30. 1828. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 48. 1831.

This variety was raised from the seed of an Ox Heart by William Prince, Flushing, New York, and at first was called China Heart. W. R. Prince in his Pomological Manual of 1832, calls it China Bigarreau as it is more of the Bigarreau than of the Heart type of cherries. Tree vigorous, large; fruit medium in size, roundish or oval-cordate, with a distinct suture; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin when fully ripe, glossy red mottled with lighter red; flesh firm, somewhat melting, with a sweet, rich, peculiar flavor; ripens just after Black Tartarian and forms a link between it and the later varieties; very productive.

Choque. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 15, 191. 1876. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:141, 142. 1882.

Guigne Choque. 3. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 482. 1904.

Originated near Metz, Lorraine, Germany. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit rather large; of a deep red color at maturity; flesh white, slightly tinted with a rose color, firm, very juicy, sweet; ripens the last of June.

Christbauer. P. cerasus. 1. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 42. 1892.

A sort reported to ripen before Early Richmond.

Christiana. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 206. 1854.

This variety was raised by B. B. Kirtland, Greenbush, New York, and resembles May Duke in character of tree and fruit. The fruit is borne in clusters, is of a bright, lively red color, and has a sprightly subacid flavor.

Churchill Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 48. 1831. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 290. 1884.

Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, heart-shaped; stem long; cavity shallow; skin glossy, of a clear, waxen, pale yellow, bright red when exposed to the sun, mottled with dark red and orange; flesh pale yellow, firm, sweet, rich, moderately juicy; season the end of July.

Cistena. P. pumila × P. pissardi. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 130:190, 191. 1911.

Cistena is a cross between the Sand Cherry and Prunus pissardi, interesting only because of its beautiful purple foliage.

Clark September. P. avium. 1. Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt. 22:XVIII. 1890.

Clark September is a local sort from Lower Granville, Nova Scotia. The fruits are of medium size and when fully ripe are of a dark red color; flesh firm, of a sweet and agreeable flavor.

Cluster Black Heart. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 481. 1904.

Tree vigorous; fruit small or of medium size, cordate; stem long; skin glossy, black; flesh very dark red, tender, juicy, agreeably mild acid; ripens in July.

Cocklin Favorite. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 3:249 fig., 1861. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 458. 1869.

Late Amber. 3. Horticulturist 17:381. 1862.

This seedling was introduced by E. H. Cocklin, Shepherdstown, Pennsylvania, but its origin is unknown. Tree upright, conical, very productive; fruit large, roundish, regular, slightly compressed, somewhat flattened at the base, almost without a suture; apex depressed; stem long, slender; cavity deep; skin yellowish shaded and mottled in the sun with a light crimson; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, vinous; quality good; stone very small for the size of the fruit; season late.

Coe Late Carnation. P. cerasus. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 216. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 275. 1857.

Coe's Spate Rote Kirsche. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 343, 344. 1889.

This is a late variety of unknown origin—possibly a seedling of Carnation. Fruit medium to large, cordate; suture shallow; color yellowish-amber mottled with clear red; flesh tender, juicy, subacid; quality fair; season the last of July.

Coeur de Pigeon Noir. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:148. 1882.

Fruit of medium size, cordate, slightly elongated.

Coeur de Poule. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:124. 1832.

Gros Bigarreau coeur-de-Poule 2. Rev. Hort. 65. 1881.

According to Prince, this variety was rather extensively cultivated in the south of France especially in the vicinity of Toulouse, where it was known as Cor dè Galino. The fruit ripens in July, has the form of the Hearts; its vivid red changes to nearly black as does also the juice.

Cole. P. cerasus.

Cole is a rather small-sized Morello of little value and no doubt now out of cultivation. Fruit cordate, compressed along the sutures; stem long, slender, set in a wide cavity; skin nearly black; flesh tender, rather meaty, dark red, lighter near the pit, having abundant, wine-colored juice, sour, sprightly; stone clings; season late.

Columbia. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 459. 1869.

Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, inclining to a point, surface angular and uneven, sides compressed; suture deep, narrow; stem long, slender; cavity large, deep; skin whitish-yellow, blushed and mottled with light red; flesh whitish, stained with pink, tender, juicy, pleasant; season the last of June.

Common Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:143, 144. 1832. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 103. 1852.

Wild Morello. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831.

Common Red Morello. 4. Kan. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 144. 1886.

This variety must not be confused with the well-known English Morello. Through self-propagation, it is widely known, as are its many seedlings which oft-times surpass it in size and quality.

Como. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882.

Listed in the reference given.

Comtesse de Médicis Spada. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882.

Listed without a description.

Condé. Species? 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:35. 1771.

Mentioned in the reference given.

Conestoga. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:423. 1853. 2. Horticulturist 17:381. 1862.

Conestoga was introduced by Casper Hiller, Conestoga, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Tree a rampant, spreading grower, very productive; fruit very large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed and indented at the apex; suture shallow; stem very long, inserted in an open cavity; skin deep red, purplish, somewhat mottled; flesh firm, rather tender, juicy, sugary, brisk; quality good; season early July.

Constance Maisin. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895.

This is a Belgian variety, which, according to Guide Pratique, 1895, is very similar to Montmorency.

Cook Imperial. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt. 25. 1904-05.

This variety, a seedling of Napoleon, originated with Steven Cook, Benton Harbor, Michigan. It is mentioned as a promising new sort, resembling Black Tartarian in shape, flavor, color, and length of stem but earlier and larger.

Cornelia. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 459. 1869.

Cornelia originated with Charles Pease, near Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, very productive; fruit medium to above in size, compressed, heart-shaped; suture slight; stem long; cavity narrow, deep; skin whitish-yellow, shaded with bright crimson on the sunny side; flesh light yellow, tender, juicy, sweet, rather lively; quality good; stone small; season the last of June.

Corning. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 72. 1899. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:66 fig. 1903.

Corning is a cross between the Wragg and Lutovka and originated with A. F. Collman, Corning, Iowa. Fruit oblate-cordate, above medium in size; suture lacking; stem of medium length, stout, inserted in a medium deep, narrow cavity; skin rather thick, tender, red; flesh firm, breaking; juice slightly colored, briskly subacid; quality good; stone medium large, ovate; ripens in August.

Corone. P. avium. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629. 2. Rea Flora 205. 1676. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 291. 1884.

Englische Schwarze Kronherzkirsche. 4. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 149-152. 1819. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 347. 1889.

Corone, as the references show, is one of the oldest-named varieties, though strictly speaking, since it was largely grown from seed, according to the old writers, it is a type and not a variety. In character of fruit it seems to be midway between Black Mazzard and Black Tartarian. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit below medium in size, roundish-cordate, compressed and often roughened; suture deep; stem slender, long; cavity deep, round, narrow; color a deep, shining black; flesh dark purple, very firm, sweet; ripens late.

Corwin. P. cerasus. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 216. 1854.

This is a medium-sized, roundish, red Morello with tender, acid flesh and a large stone; season July.