Chapter V · THE MINOR VARIETIES OF CHERRIES (continued 3)

Mentioned in the reference given.

Hamels Arissen. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

Hartlib. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 52. 1831.

Listed without a description.

Hartlippe. Species? 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629.

"The Hartlippe Cherrie is so called of the place where the best of this kinde is noursed up, being betweene Sittingbourne and Chattam in Kent, and is the biggest of our English kindes."

Hartz Mountain. Species? 1. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 48. 1874.

This variety was brought from Germany by a Mr. Meyer of St. Peter, Minnesota, with whom it has proved hardy and productive.

Hâtive de Balis. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 362. 1889.

Mentioned in the reference given.

Hâtive ou Précoce. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 52. 1831.

Listed without a description.

Hâtive de Prin. P. cerasus. 1. Rev. Hort. 280, 281, Pl. 1893. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895.

Priner Frühweichsel. 3. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907.

This variety was introduced by M. Maquerlot of Fismes, Marne, France. It resembles Montmorency in shape, with a longer stem. Fruit often borne in fours; cavity deep; skin thin, deep red; flesh of a rose color, transparent, sugary, acidulated, juicy; pit of medium size, orbiculated.

Hâtive de St. Jean. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 52. 1831.

Listed without a description.

Headley. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

Healy. P. avium. 1. Sweet Cat. II. 1897.

Healy is an old, sweet variety thought to have come from Pennsylvania; introduced by George A. Sweet, Dansville, New York.

Hedelfingen. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 549. 1901.

Hedelfingen Risenkirsche. 2. Ill. Handb. 77 fig., 78. 1860.

Colassale d'Hedelfingen. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:301. 1866.

Géante d'Hedelfingen. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 194. 1876.

Monstrueuse d'Hedelfingen. 5. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:59, 60, fig. 30. 1882.

Bigarreau de Hedelfingen. 6. Gard. Chron. 20:160. 1896.

This variety probably originated in the village of Hedelfingen, Germany. Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit very large, obtuse-cordate; suture noticeable on both sides; stem very long; cavity deep, narrow; skin glossy, tough, dark brown changing to black, with light red dots; flesh fibrous, dark red, more tender than many Bigarreaus, yet firm, juicy, pleasing, aromatic; stone of medium size, long, truncate at the base; ripens in July; good for table, kitchen and market.

Hedwigs Kirsche. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 362. 1889.

Listed but not described.

Heidelberger Kirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 290. 1802.

A very dark, black, small, short-stemmed Sour Cherry ripening at the beginning of September.

Heiges. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 40. 1895.

Heiges is a seedling of the Bigarreau type, from C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon, ripening there the last of June. Fruit large, heart-shaped, very smooth; cavity medium in size and depth, regular, flaring; stem short, slender; suture shallow, narrow; skin thin, tenacious, dark purplish-black, with minute golden, indented dots; flesh very dark, purplish-black, with a few light veins, meaty, tender, juicy, sweet, aromatic; quality best; pit large, oval, semi-clinging.

Heintzen (Heintze's) Frühe Kirsche. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 362. 1889.

Listed in the reference given.

Henneberger Grafenkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Handb. 675. 1797. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 548, 549, 550. 1819. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:64. 1858. 4. Christ Obstbäume 159. 1790.

Cerise du Comte de Henneberg. 5. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:307. 1866.

Fruit of medium size, flattened, without a suture; black when ripe; stem long, slender, shallowly inserted; flesh tender, with a pleasant sourness; ripens in July.

Hensel Early. Species? 1. Horticulturist 22:233 fig. 1867.

Hensel is an accidental seedling found on the grounds of G. W. Zahm, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and named after the former owner of the property. Tree moderate in growth, hardy, productive; fruit roundish, obtuse at the base; stem slender; flesh half-tender, juicy; good; ripens the first part of June; not disposed to rot.

Herzkirsche Léona Quesnel. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 62. 1889.

Mentioned but not described by Mathieu.

Herzkirsche Trauben. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:153. 1882.

The flowers and foliage only are described.

Herzkirsche Wils Frühe. Species? 1. Lange Allgem. Garten. 439. 1897.

Listed without a description.

Herzkirschweichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Handb. 673. 1797.

According to Christ, this cherry is a Morello; fruit large, with an indistinct suture; stem rather long, deeply set; color reddish-black; flesh tender, subacid; stone cordate; ripens the middle of July.

Herzog May. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 330. 1885. 2. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 22. 1892-93.

Imported by Professor J. L. Budd from Southwestern Russia where it does well on wet, unfavorable soil. Tree open and upright, a true Duke of the best quality.

Hoadley. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 209 fig. 1854.

Hoadley was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842, and was named by Elliott in honor of George Hoadley of Cleveland. Tree healthy, vigorous, with a round, spreading head; fruit above medium in size, roundish-cordate; stem of medium length; cavity shallow; skin pale yellow, mottled and striped with clear carmine; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly, almost translucent; pit of medium size; season the last of June; valuable for table use but will not stand shipment.

Hockenberg. P. cerasus.

Mentioned in a letter from H. Back & Sons, New Trenton, Indiana, as resembling an Amarelle; of no particular value.

Hogg Black Gean. P. avium. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 84. 1866. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem long; skin black, glossy; flesh and juice dark, rich, sweet, tender; season at the beginning of July.

Hogg Red Gean. P. avium. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 84. 1866.

Fruit medium large, roundish, inclined to heart-shape; stem long; skin red, mottled with amber-yellow; flesh yellowish, tender, sweet, rich, with uncolored juice; ripens the first of July.

Hoke. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 24. 1894.

Hoke is a Duke, long known in York County, Pennsylvania, and regarded as worthy of wider dissemination. It originated at Hanover, Pennsylvania, with Henry Wirt, and was known as Wirt until the farm changed hands in 1848, when it became known as Hoke. The fruit, as grown at this Station, is large, obtuse-cordate; cavity large, deep; skin thick, tough, resisting rot in rainy weather, dark, mottled with red; stem long, moderately thick, swollen at either end; flesh firm, meaty, dark pink, subacid, sprightly; quality very good; stone medium; season the last of June.

Höllandische Späte Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Handb. 677. 1797. 2. Christ Wörterb. 288. 1802.

Höllandische Kirsche. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 597-599. 1819.

Höllandische Weichsel. 4. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:65. 1858.

This variety is distinguished from others of its class by its smaller stone, tender flesh, longer stem and later ripening. Tree never large, productive; fruit large, nearly round, sides slightly compressed; suture distinct; stem long; color brownish-red; flesh tender, colored, juicy, very sour; ripens in August but hangs until September.

Holman Duke. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Langley Pomona 86, Pl. 17 fig. 1. 1729. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:135, 136. 1832. 3. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 99. 1846. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:346, 347 fig. 1877.

Cerise Royale Tardive D'Angleterre. 5. Ann. Pom. Belge 1:107, 108, Pl. 1853.

Cherry-Duck. 6. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:507. 1860.

Royale Tardive. 7. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:155, 156 fig., 157, 158, 305. 1866. 8. Pom. France 7:No. 1, Pl. 1. 1871. 9. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882.

Holman Duke is thought to be of English origin and a seedling of May Duke. The name, Royale Tardive, a synonym of Holman Duke, has been used interchangeably for several Duke cherries. Fruit large to above, roundish-cordate; suture moderate; stem above medium in size, set in a rather deep, narrow, irregular cavity; skin thin, brownish-red changing to nearly black when fully mature; flesh red, fibrous, juicy, vinous, acidulated; pit of medium size, ovoid; dorsal suture not very apparent; ripens the middle of July.

Holme Late Duke. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876.

Mentioned by Thomas without a description.

Holstein. Species? 1. Mag. Hort. 17:363. 1851.

A medium-sized, round, red, seedling cherry.

Homer. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:71, 72. 1903. 2. Jewell Cat. 35. 1906. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 27. 1909.

Homer is a seedling of the Morello type from New Haven, Connecticut, introduced from Homer, Minnesota; said to be valuable in the Northwest. Fruit medium to large, roundish-oblate; stem short, stout; cavity shallow, moderately broad; skin red, becoming darker, thin, rather tough; flesh tender, uncolored, juicy, mildly subacid; pit round, semi-clinging; ripens the last of June.

Honey. P. avium. 1. Coxe Cult. Fr. Trees 251. 1817. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 217. 1854. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 243. 1858.

Large Honey. 4. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 52. 1831.

Yellow Honey. 5. Prince Pom. Man. 2:110. 1832.

Cream. 6. Horticulturist 1:148. 1846-47.

Summer's Honey? 7. Cole Am. Fr. Book 228. 1849.

Late Honey? 8. Ibid. 235, 236. 1849.

Honey, though grown only in America, is probably of foreign origin—an old sort renamed. Tree similar to Black Mazzard but more spreading. Fruit small, roundish-oval, yellowish, mottled with red, becoming deep amber-red; stem long, slender; flesh tender, melting, juicy, sweet; pit large; season the middle of July.

Honey Dew. P. avium. 1. Conn. Bd. Agr. Rpt. 11:340. 1877.

Spoken of as a valuable variety originating in Connecticut.

Honeywood. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 52. 1831. 2. Mag. Hort. 9:205. 1843.

Mentioned as unworthy of cultivation.

Hoppock Yellow. P. avium. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 12:164. 1886.

This variety originated in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, from seed sown by Cornelius Hoppock. Fruit of medium size, cordate, sweet; very productive.

Hoskins. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 262. 1892. 2. Ibid. 292, Pl. VI. 1893. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 150. 1895. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 24. 1899.

Hoskins originated with C. E. Hoskins,86 Newberg, Oregon, about 1880, as a seedling of Napoleon. Tree vigorous, upright, somewhat spreading; fruit large, roundish-cordate suture a line; stem short, set in a roundish cavity; color dull purplish-red; flesh purple, fibrous, firm, sprightly, sweet; quality good; ripens in mid-season.

Hovey. P. avium. 1. Hovey Fr. Am. 2:25, 26, Pl. 1851. 2. Mag. Hort. 19:405, 406 fig. 27. 1853. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74. 1862.

Hovey originated with C. M. Hovey, Boston, Massachusetts, being selected from a bed of seedlings in 1839; first fruited in 1848. For a time it was considered a cherry of considerable value but at present it is but little known. Tree very vigorous, upright, spreading, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; stem short, rather stout; skin rich amber mottled with brilliant red; flesh pale amber, rather firm but tender, sprightly becoming sweet; very good in quality; stone slightly adherent to the pulp, small, oval.

Hoy. P. avium. 1. Chase Cat. 12. 1909. 2. Ibid. Pl. 1910.

A new cherry recently found in one of the suburbs of Philadelphia and introduced in 1909 by the Chase Nursery Company, Geneva, New York, as a very valuable Sweet Cherry. As grown at the Geneva Station it is smaller and no better than Napoleon. Tree vigorous, hardy, healthy, unproductive on the Station grounds. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, slightly flattened, with irregular surfaces; cavity deep; suture a line; stem of medium thickness and length, adhering to the fruit; skin rather thin, of medium toughness, adhering to the pulp, amber covered with light red, sometimes spotted; flesh whitish, juicy, stringy, tender, somewhat meaty, crisp, sprightly, sweet; quality good; stone clinging, roundish, plump; ripens in mid-season.

Hubbard. P. cerasus. 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 437. 1898.

Hubbard is a variety of the Morello class grown about Villa Ridge, Illinois. Tree dwarfish, drooping, bears early, productive; fruit large, cordate, nearly black; precedes Early Richmond.

Hungarian Gean. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 302. 1884.

Hungarian Cherry of Zwerts. 3. Parkinson Par. Ter. 574. 1629. 4. Rea Flora 206. 1676.

Although there seems to be a discrepancy in the size of the cherry mentioned by Parkinson and Rea and the one described by Hogg, all three writers undoubtedly referred to the same sort. While the first two references describe the variety as exceptionally large no definite statements are made, thus giving strength to the following description made by Hogg many years later. Tree productive; fruit rather below medium in size, obtuse-cordate; skin amber, mottled with red on the sunny side; flesh white, half-tender, mildly sweet; quality fair; stone large, ovate; ripens in July.

Hyde Late Black. P. avium. 1. Cole Am. Fr. Book 237. 1849. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 262. 1857.

This variety originated with T. & G. Hyde, Newton, Massachusetts. Tree strong in growth, productive; fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, purplish-black; flesh half-firm, melting, juicy; resembles Eagle but is later.

Hyde Red Heart. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:284. 1842. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 175. 1845.

Hyde's Seedling. 3. Cole Am. Fr. Book 232. 1849.

Another seedling from T. & G. Hyde, Newton, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, hardy, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, cordate; stem short; skin pale yellow, becoming lively red; flesh tender, with a pleasant sprightliness, juicy; season early July.

Imperial Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 279. 1857.

Poitou griotte. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:148. 1832.

Imperial. 3. Elliott Fr. Book 209. 1854.

Griotte Impériale. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 17, 195. 1876. 5. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 17:9. 1892.

Griotte à Courte Queue. 6. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:284 fig., 285. 1877.

Guindoux du Poitou. 7. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:113, 114, fig. 57. 1882.

Kaiserliche Weichsel. 8. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 364. 1889.

An old variety recently introduced into the Northwest where it has proved very hardy. Tree small, low-headed, productive, bears early; fruit medium to large, roundish-oval; stem very short, shallowly inserted; skin very dark red; flesh tender, juicy, pleasantly acid when ripe; pit small, long, pointed; ripens the middle of July.

Incomparable en Beauté. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Listed in the reference given.

Intorka. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 667. 1897.

Intorka is an importation from Russia. Fruit of medium size, round, yellow and red; flesh firm, yellowish, subacid.

Jaune de Prusse. P. avium. 1. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:544. 1855. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 466. 1869. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:93, 94, fig. 47. 1882.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, obtuse-cordate; stem long, slender, inserted in a narrow cavity; skin firm, light yellow, translucent; flesh yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet but slightly bitter before it is fully ripe; pit large for the size of the fruit; ripens after Downer.

Jean Arendsen. Species? 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:37. 1771.

According to Knoop, it closely resembles the round Pragische Muskateller in both form and color but is not as good in quality.

Jenkin Black Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831.

Mentioned without description.

Jerusalem Kirsche von der Natte. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:153, 154. 1882.

Flowers and leaves only are described.

Jerusalemskirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 557-561. 1819.

Späte Königliche Weichsel. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:8, Tab. 19 fig. 2. 1792. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 561-563. 1819.

Späte grosse königliche Weichsel. 4. Christ Handb. 683. 1797.

Pyramidenkirsche. 5. Christ Wörterb. 291. 1802.

Pyramidenweichsel. 6. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 529-531. 1819.

The origin of this old variety is unknown but it was chiefly grown in Germany. Tree unproductive; fruit large, oval, with a shallow suture; stem long, set in a shallow cavity; skin dark red, changing to black, glossy; flesh moderately firm, juicy, pleasing subacid; pit large, walnut-shaped, clinging; ripens the last of July in Germany.

Jocosot. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168, 404. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 197 fig. 1854.

Jockotos. 3. Hooper W. Fr. Book 270. 1857.

Jocosot was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842, from a pit of the Yellow Spanish and named after an Indian chief. Tree thrifty, round-topped, productive; fruit large, regular, obtuse-cordate, indented at the apex, sides compressed; suture broad; stem long, set in a cavity of medium size; skin glossy, of a dark-liver color, almost black; flesh tender, with indistinct radiating lines, juicy, sweet; pit below medium in size, smooth; ripens the last of June.

Joel Keil Kleine Schwarze Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:22. 1858.

Fruit small, roundish-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender, shallowly inserted; skin black; flesh rather firm, sweet, juicy, colored; pit oval, clinging; ripens the middle of July to the middle of August.

June Amarelle. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 330. 1885. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:72. 1903.

Cerisier juniat. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 649, 650, 691. 1819.

Junius Amarelle. 4. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:70. 1858.

Juniat Amarelle. 5. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. 6. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 328. 1888. 7. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:243. 1898-99.

June Morello. 8. Ia. Sta. Bul. 19:548. 1892.

Truchsess refers to this cherry as having been described by Sickler in 1805. Budd, in his importations of 1883, from Russia, included this variety. Tree of medium size, vigorous, rather unproductive; fruit above medium in size, roundish-oblate; stem stout, of medium length; suture indistinct; skin thin, rather tough, separating readily from the pulp, light red; flesh firm, meaty, yellowish, juicy; flavor subacid; quality fair; stone of medium size, somewhat round; season that of Early Richmond which it resembles in size, flavor and color.

June Duke. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Hooper W. Fr. Book 269. 1857.

Shippen. 2. Coxe Cult. Fr. Trees 248. 1817.

A tart variety similar to May Duke, known about Philadelphia as Shippen and Wetherill. Tree vigorous; fruit large and pleasing; ripens late in June.

Justinische Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 291. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 523, 524. 1819.

Justinische Amarelle. 3. Christ Handb. 683. 1797.

This variety is separated from other Sour Cherries ripening with it, through its firm flesh, its straight, shallowly set stem and its astringent, sour flavor. Fruit of medium size, roundish, sides broadly compressed; stem of medium length, rather stout; suture shallow; skin tough, brownish-red; flesh dark red, with clear red juice.

Kamdesa. P. pumila × P. persica. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:1908.

Noted in the reference as a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Opulent peach. "The blossoms show a tendency to double."

Kappenblättrige Süssweichsel. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:47. 1858.

Distinguished from May Duke through its smaller fruit and rolled leaves.

Kassin Frühe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Lauche Ergänzungsband 601. 1883. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:60. 1900.

Kassin, a vineyardist, in Potsdam, Prussia, Germany, raised this sort from seed. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; suture indistinct; stem of medium length, thick, set in a small cavity; skin dark brown changing to reddish-black, dotted; flesh dark, juicy, sweet; excellent; stone roundish-oval; ripens the first week of the season.

Katie. (P. avium × P. cerasus) × P. avium. 1. Am. Hort. An. 86 fig. 1869.

Katie is a seedling of Louis Philippe crossed with a Mazzard. The tree has the Mazzard habit of growth, yet produces fruit resembling May Duke in form and size but deeper in color; flesh tender; matures with Downer.

Kaufmann. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 345. 1906.

Kaufmann is a stray seedling of English Morello from Minnesota. It is larger and a little longer in stem than the supposed parent and ripens with the last of the Early Richmond.

Kazan Seedling. Species? 1. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:240. 1898-99.

Listed in the reference given.

Kelly. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 253. 1903.

A Sweet Cherry from Berrien County, Michigan.

Kennicott. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 210 fig. 1854.

Kennicott was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland and named by Elliott after Dr. J. A. Kennicott of Northfield, Illinois. Tree vigorous, hardy, spreading, productive; fruit large, oval-cordate, compressed; suture shallow; stem short, inserted in an irregular cavity; skin amber-yellow, mottled with bright, clear, glossy red; flesh yellowish-white, firm, juicy, sweet; pit below medium in size, smooth; ripens about the middle of July.

Kentish Drier. P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 52. 1831.

A medium-sized, red cherry of first quality used for culinary purposes; ripening in July. Confused by some with Early Richmond.

Kentish Preserve. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 52. 1831.

Listed without a description.

Keokuk. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 210 fig. 1854.

Keokuk is another seedling raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably crossed with Black Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. Tree vigorous, strong; fruit large, cordate; stem stout; skin dark purplish-black; flesh half-tender, purple, rather coarse; deficient in flavor; pit of medium size; season early in July.

Kesterter Früh Kirsche. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 364. 1889.

Listed in the reference given.

King George the Second. P. avium. 1. Brookshaw Pom. Brit. Pl. 6. 1817. 2. Brookshaw Hort. Reposit. 1:3, Pl. II fig. 1. 1823.

This variety is distinguished from other black cherries by its uneven surface. Fruit large, with a rich, sweet flavor; ripens the first of June and hangs for six weeks.

King Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 78. 1890. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:60. 1900. 3. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:277. 1903.

King Morello is another of Budd's importations from Russia. Tree very hardy, moderate in growth; fruit large, oblate; stem variable; skin dark red; flesh yellowish-white, firm, sprightly, juicy, good; pit very small; ripens with Early Richmond.

Kirsche von Basel. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 19 fig., 20. 1867.

Jahn, in his Handbuch, calls attention to the error in calling this variety Bigarreau Hâtif de Bale as it is not a Bigarreau but a variegated Heart. Fruit compressed unevenly giving it a cordate appearance, small; suture shallow; apex slightly depressed; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin thin, bright yellow washed with pale red, mottled and streaked; flesh pale yellow, soft, with abundant, uncolored juice, pleasing but not high in quality; stone large, roundish, slightly pointed; ripens the middle of July.

Kirchheimer. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 290. 1802. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 549. 1901.

Kirchheimer Weichsel. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 580-583. 1819. 4. Ill. Handb. 85 fig., 86. 1867.

This old cherry is from Kirchheim, Erfurt, Prussia, Germany. It is propagated by root cuttings and is used for wine and for canning. It is mentioned as growing in British Columbia but is otherwise not spoken of by American writers. Tree large, vigorous, drooping; fruit of medium size, round; suture a line; stem long, slender, shallowly inserted; skin thin, glossy, almost black when ripe; flesh mild subacid, pleasing, juicy; stone small, oval, turgid; ripens at the end of July.

Kirtland Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Horticulturist 22:292, 293 fig. 1867.

Kirtland's Large Morello. 2. Horticulturist N. S. 3:123. 1853.

Large Morello. 3. Elliott Fr. Book 210. 1854.

A seedling originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio; it thrives in sections of the south and west where Sweet Cherries are generally unsuccessful. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit uniformly distributed, borne in pairs, large, uniform, roundish; stem short; cavity round, narrow; skin glossy, dark red; flesh tender, juicy, acid; high quality; pit small; ripens early in July.

Kleindienst Braune Knorpel. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 365. 1889.

Bigarreau Brun Kleindienst. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:184, 185 fig. 1877.

Leroy, in 1866, stated that this variety was raised from seed by M. Kleindienst, a vineyardist at Guben, Prussia, Germany. Tree moderately productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, cordate, flattened; stem long, moderately stout; skin vivid red, changing from grayish-red to almost black; flesh of a whitish-rose color, firm, filamentose, juicy, sugary, acidulated, aromatic; first quality; pit large, ovoid; ripens the last of June.

Kleine Amarelle. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 644-646. 1819.

Truchsess states that this variety was described by Büttner in 1797, as Kleine Glaskirsche but that it belongs to the Amarelles. Tree productive; fruit small, globular, pale reddish-yellow; flesh melting, watery; ripens the middle of July.

Kleine Bunte Frühkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 248-251. 1819.

Bigarreau à petit fruit rouge hâtif. 2. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:166, 167. 1768. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831.

Bigarreautier à petit fruit rouge. 4. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 308-310. 1819.

Bigarreau rouge hâtif (petit). 5. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:243 fig., 244. 1877.

Petit Bigarreau Hâtif? 6. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:105, 106, fig. 53. 1882.

Fruit of medium size, usually attached in pairs, irregular, cordate, flattened on both faces; stem long, slender; skin almost wholly red, occasionally showing streaks of yellow; flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, aromatic; pit of medium size, ovoid; ripens about the middle of June.

Kleine Bunte Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 219-222. 1819.

Kleine bunte Molkenkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:28. 1858.

Fruit small, nearly round, sides compressed; suture distinct; stem long, slender, deeply inserted; skin dull blood-red, with yellow spots; flesh tender, pale yellow, juicy, honey sweet; stone small; ripens at the end of June.

Kleine Frühe Amarelle. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 650-652. 1819.

Fruit small, round, flattened; stem short; suture a line; skin clear red, transparent, tender; flesh tender, pleasant subacid; stone small, adhering more to the stem than to the flesh; ripens the last half of July.

Kleine Natte. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 365. 1889.

Listed in the reference given.

Kleine Nonnenkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort 585-588. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:65, 66. 1858.

This variety is a seedling of the common wild Sour Cherry. The fruit is the smallest of the Sour Cherries and resembles the black Bird cherries but has a shorter stem. Tree of medium size, drooping; fruit very small, oblate; stem short, shallowly inserted; skin glossy, black, thin but tough; flesh firm, tender, juicy, with a peculiar sourness; stone small, round, adhering to the flesh more than to the stem, stained violet; ripens early in August continuing for three weeks.

Kleine Schwarze Frühe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 155, 156. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:20. 1858.

No doubt this variety, the Kleine Schwarze Herzkirsche, and the Black Heart greatly resemble each other and some writers combine them.

Kleine Schwarze Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 275. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 148, 149. 1819.

Mayer's kleine schwarze Herzkirsche. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:22. 1858.

This variety is distinguished from the Grosse Schwarze Herzkirsche only through its size and later ripening; fruit regular, cordate, somewhat flattened; skin brownish-black; flesh soft, tender; ripens the latter part of July.

Kleine Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 277. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 195-197, 674. 1819.

Distinguished from others of its class through its smallness and firmness. Fruit small, variable, flattened at the ends; suture often lacking; skin very dark brown; flesh firm, dark red, juicy, not unpleasant but not excellent; stone small; ripens early in August; productive.

Kleine Weisse Frühkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 256-258. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:27. 1858.

Described as one of the first to ripen. Fruit of medium size, oblate, compressed; stem long, inserted in a shallow basin; skin tough, yellowish-white, shaded with red; flesh tender, juicy, sweet; ripens early in June.

Kleiner Früher May Herzkirschbaum. P. avium. 1. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:1, Tab. 2 fig. 1. 1792.

Distinguished from the Grosser Früher Mai-Herzkirschbaum by its inferior size and lighter flesh and juice; ripens at the end of May.

Knapp. Species? 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 290. 1889.

This cherry is a seedling from George Knapp, Lafayette, Oregon; introduced by E. R. Poppleton, 1885; fruit of medium size, round, black.

Knight Late Black. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 52. 1831. 2. Mag. Hort. 9:204. 1843.

Bigarreau-noir de Knight. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876.

Fruit large, black, obtuse-cordate, firm; second quality; ripens at the end of July.

Knudson. P. avium × P. cerasus.

According to a letter from the Utah Experiment Station, this variety was discovered by William O. Knudson, Brigham City, Utah, in 1896. Although similar to Late Duke, further testing may prove it distinct. Tree bears early, hardy; fruit medium to large, bright scarlet; ripens over a long period; used for pies and canning.

Knyasnaia Sjevera. P. cerasus × P. avium. 1. S. P. I. Bul. 72:519. 1912. 2. Ibid. 73:536 Pl. 1912.

This is a large-fruited cherry, originated in 1888 by the Russian plant-breeder, I. V. Mijurin, at Kozlov, Central Russia, and named "Knyasnaia Sjevera," meaning "Queen of the North." The United States Department of Agriculture introduced it into this country under the number 32674. It is claimed to be a hybrid between an early Vladimir and a variety of Sweet Cherry called "White Winkler." It possesses excellent shipping and keeping qualities. This cherry has stood the severe winters of Central Russia very well and may be expected to thrive in parts of the Middle West and where the climate is more or less semi-arid. Tree vigorous, upright, with few side branches; trunk smooth and clean; fruit large, pale red, with a fresh sour-sweet flavor; ripening about the end of June.

Koch Späte Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:38. 1858. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 365. 1889.

Originated about 1851. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate; suture shallow; stem medium long, shallowly inserted; skin glossy, black; flesh firm, piquant; quality high; stone small, roundish-oval; ripens at the end of August.

Kochs Ostheimer Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907.

Kochs verbesserte Ostheimer Weichsel. 2. Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift 122. 1910.

A strong-growing, productive variety, said to exceed its parent, Ostheim, in size, color, and flavor.

Koeper. Species? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 341. 1893.

Listed in the reference given.

Kolaki. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:29, 30, fig. 15. 1882.

According to Oberdieck, this variety is of Bohemian origin. Fruit of medium size, cordate, slightly elongated; apex obtuse; suture distinct; stem medium long, slender, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin moderately firm, transparent, yellow in the sun, purplish in the shade; flesh tinged yellow, tender, juicy, somewhat sugary; first quality; pit small, oval, flattened at the base, obtuse at the apex; ripens the first of June.

Korkovanyer Kirsche. Species? 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 56. 1907.

Listed but not described.

Koslov. P. cerasus. 1. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:278. 1903.

Koslov bush Morello. 2. Can. Hort. 12:216, fig. 58, 218. 1889.

Koslov-Morello. 3. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:128. 1900.

The Koslov cherries are seedlings, not a single variety. A number of seedlings were imported by the Ontario Fruit Growers' Association in 1889, from Koslov, Crimea, Russia, where they were grown by Russian peasants, being propagated from pits. The trees are low, bush-shaped, slow in coming into bearing and most of the fruit is worthless. The one most grown is moderately large, roundish, pointed at the apex; suture barely traceable; stem long, set in a slight depression; skin dark red, turning black; flesh dark red, tender, juicy, acid; ripens from the last of July to the last of August.

Kostelnice. P. cerasus. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:19, 20, fig. 10. 1882.

Originated in Neustadt, Prussia, Germany. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit medium to below in size, obtuse-cordate; stem short, set in a straight, rather deep cavity; skin tough, vivid purple changing to almost black; flesh tender, juicy, vinous, agreeably acidulated; good; stone very small, ovoid, turgid; ripens early in June.

Kostelniti. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Listed in the reference given.

Kriek van den Broek. Species? 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 165, 166. 1819.

This variety, coming to Truchsess in 1808, from Holland, was confused with several others received at the same time.

Kritzendorfer Einsiedekirsche. Species? 1. Obstzüchter 8:52. 1910.

An intensely black, large, late cherry which is valued for market because of its color.

Kronberger Kirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 274. 1802.

Kronkirsche. 2. Christ Handb. 663. 1797.

Kronberg Black Heart. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 124-126. 1819. 4. Mag. Hort. 9:203. 1843.

Kronberger Herzkirsche. 5. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 48. 1831.

Wildling von Kronberg. 6. Ill. Handb. 29 fig., 30. 1867.

Bigarreau de Kronberg. 7. Guide Prat. 15, 182. 1895.

According to German pomologists, this variety was raised from seed at Kronberg, Prussia, Germany. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, sides unevenly compressed; suture indistinct; stem long, stout, set in a shallow cavity; skin tough, glossy, black when mature, lighter along the suture; flesh firmer than others of its class, dark red, aromatic, sweet; pit broadly cordate, somewhat adherent; ripens at the end of June.

Kronprinz von Hannover. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 479 fig., 480. 1861.

Prince Royal du Hanovre. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:302. 1866.

Bigarreau Prince Royal de Hanovre. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:232 fig. 1877.

Prince de Hanovre. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:43, 44, fig. 22. 1882.

Grown by M. Lieke, a nurseryman at Hildesheim, Prussia, Germany, fruiting for the first time in 1854. Tree moderately vigorous, productive; fruit large, usually attached in pairs, roundish to pointed-cordate; suture shallow; stem long, slender, inserted in a rather deep cavity; skin rather tender, glossy, yellowish, streaked and mottled with red; flesh firm, yellowish, juicy, pleasingly acidulated; pit medium large, ovate, plump; ripens early in June.

Krüger Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 67 fig., 68. 1860.

Krügers schwarze Herzkirsche. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 161, 162. 1819.

Krügers Herzkirsche zu Frankfurt. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 52. 1831.

Guigne de Kruger. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 198. 1876. 5. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:77, 78, fig. 39. 1882.

This cherry was first heard of at Guben, Prussia, Germany, in 1810. It is distinguished from Eagle in being larger, shorter stemmed, lighter in color, and less tender in flesh. Tree vigorous, productive, upright; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, oblate; suture shallow; stem medium long, rather deeply inserted; skin dark brown or black; flesh dark red, juicy, vinous, tender, yet often firm; stone small, roundish-oval, plump, adhering slightly to the flesh on one side; ripens about the middle of July.

La Nappe. Species? 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907.

Listed in this reference.

Lacure (Large). P. avium. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629.

"The great Lacure or Hart Cherrie differeth not in forme, but in greatnesse, being usually twice as great as the former [Lacure (Small)], and of a reddish blacke colour also: both of them are of a firme substance, and reasonable sweete. Some doe call the white cherrie, the White hart cherrie."

Lacure (Small). P. avium. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629.

"The smaller Lacure or Hart Cherrie is a reasonable faire Cherrie, full above, and a little pointing downward, after the fashion of a heart, as it is usually pointed, blackish when it is full ripe, and lesser than the next" [Lacure (Large)].

Ladé Late. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:60. 1900.

Von Lade's Späte Knorpelkirsche. 2. Lauche Ergänzungsband 605. 1883.

Bigarreau Tardif de Ladé. 3. Guide Prat. 15, 184. 1895.

A German variety probably raised from seed by M. Ladé. Fruit of medium size, long, cordate, compressed at the stem, roundish at the apex; suture indistinct; stem long, thin, slightly curved; cavity shallow; skin yellowish overspread with glossy light red, darker in the sun, faintly streaked; flesh firm, yellowish, sweet, vinous; excellent; stone long, oval; ripens in September lasting a month; productive.

Lady of the Lake. P. avium. 1. Country Gent. 28:398. 1866-67. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 467. 1869.

Lady of the Lake is a seedling from Charles Pease, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, productive; fruit medium to large, roundish-obtuse-conic, compressed, with a shallow suture; stem medium, inserted in a deep cavity; skin light yellow, shaded and mottled with bright crimson; flesh half-tender, pale yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; season according to the climate, early May to late June.

Lady Southampton. P. avium. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 85. 1866.

Lady Southampton's Yellow. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 187. 1845.

According to the reference, this is an almost worthless yellow Bigarreau. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped; skin yellow; flesh pale, firm, rather dry, with uncolored juice, season the middle of July.

Laeder Kirsebaer. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831.

Mentioned but not described.

Lake. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 26. 1909.

Lake was named in honor of Professor E. R. Lake, then of the Oregon Agricultural College, by the originator, C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon. The tree came into bearing about 1892 and is reported in the American Pomological Society's fruit list of 1909 as succeeding well in the northwest. Fruit large, sweet, and very good.

Laker or Loker Bunte Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Listed in the reference given.

Lamaurie. P. avium. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 177:31. 1899.

Early Lamaurie. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 461. 1869. 3. Wickson Cal. Fruits 286, 291. 1889.

The chief asset of this variety is its earliness for which it is cultivated in England, France and America. The parentage and originator are unknown. Tree of medium vigor and productiveness; fruit large, roundish-cordate, compressed; stem slender; skin thin, moderately tough; color dark reddish-purple; flesh dark red, juicy, stringy, tender, mild, sweet; of very good quality; season very early.

Lampen Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 204, 205, 676. 1819.

Lampers Knorpel-Kirsche. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831.

Bigarreau noir de Lampé. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:302. 1866. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876. 5. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:226 fig., 227, 352. 1877.

A German cherry raised from seed at Guben, Prussia, Germany, in 1810, and named for its originator. Fruit above medium in size, attached in twos and threes, obtuse-cordate; stem slender, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin thin, rather dark reddish-brown; flesh dark red, rather firm, juicy, sugary, wine-like; second quality; pit large, oval; ripens early in June.

Lancaster. P. cerasus. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 163. 1881. 2. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:111. 1900.

Lancaster is an accidental seedling on the grounds of Daniel Smeych, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Tree moderately vigorous, more open and spreading than Early Richmond; fruit medium large, heart-shaped to oblate, slightly roundish; cavity deep, broad; stem long, slender; suture very slight; apex small; skin light red, very thin, tender; flesh white, moderately soft, juicy, sweet with a sprightly flavor; stone roundish, slightly ovate, partially free; season June.

Langsurer Prachtweichsel. Species? 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907.

Mentioned in this reference.

Large Black Gean. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831.

A medium-sized, firm, black Heart cherry of poor quality, ripening early in July.

Large Double Flowering. P. avium. 1. Thacher Am. Orch. 217. 1822. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:111. 1832. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 199. 1845.

Merisziere. 4. Rea Flora 20. 1676.

Merise à Fleur Double. 5. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:157. 1768. 6. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831.

Kramelkirschenbaum mit gross gefüllter Blüthe. 7. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:4, Tab. 8. 1792.

Herzkirschenbaum mit grosse gefüllter Blüthe. 8. Christ Handb. 668. 1797.

Süsskirschenbaum mit ganz gefüllter Blüte. 9. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 363-370. 1819.

Gefülltblühende Süsskirsche. 10. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:18. 1858.

This variety in growth and foliage resembles the Mazzard and Black Heart and not the common double-flowering cherry with its small tree and small, pointed leaves. The flowers which appear at the usual season are produced in the most showy profusion being from one to one and one-half inches in diameter; they are composed of about forty white petals disposed in the form of a rose, with about thirty stamens and a large, abortive pistil. The numerous double flowers, resembling clusters of small, white roses, make the tree a very useful ornamental.

Large Griotte. P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:148. 1832.

Large Griotte resembles Griotte Commune but is larger and earlier; skin glossy black; flesh dark red, firm, sweet, pleasing.

Large Guindolle. Species? 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:149, 150. 1832.

Leaves are deeply indented, double-toothed; fruit large, flattened at the ends, pale red; flesh white, melting, juicy; ripens at the end of June or beginning of July.

Large Heart-shaped Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:129. 1832. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 199 fig. 1854.

Bigarreau Gros Monstrueux. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 46. 1831.

Bigarreau Gros Coeuret. 4. Ibid. 46. 1831. 5. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 453. 1869.

Monstrous Heart. 6. Hogg Fruit Man. 78, 87. 1866.

A variety of French origin which was never extensively grown in America. Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate; suture often raised; stem variable, set in a shallow cavity; skin dark, glossy red, nearly black, surface uneven; flesh firm but tender, reddish, pleasant, moderately juicy; good in quality; stone large, oval; ripens the first of July.

Large Late Red Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:128, 129. 1832. Bigarreau à gros Fruit Rouge Tardif. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 46. 1831.

The fruit is somewhat smaller and much later in maturity than that of the Large Red Bigarreau. The color is dark red on the shaded side and on the other a brownish-red, almost black which has given it the name Black Bigarreau; flesh firm, juicy and of excellent flavor.

Large Spanish. Species? 1. Miller Gard. Dict. 1:1754.

Mentioned in the reference given.

Laroses Glaskirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Ill. Handb. 177 fig., 178. 1860.

Larose. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:352 fig., 353. 1877.

This cherry was raised from seed in 1826 by M. Larose, of Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, obtuse-cordate; sides compressed; suture shallow; stem medium in length, set in a large, deep cavity; skin glossy, tough, mottled with pale red becoming darker; flesh yellowish, tender, slightly fibrous, juicy, mildly acid; pit rather large, plump, oval, flattened at the base; ripens the last of July.

Late Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Horticulturist 2:124. 1847-48. 2. Cole Am. Fr. Book 235. 1849. 3. Elliott Fr. Book 199. 1854.

Late Bigarreau was raised in 1842 by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, round-topped, very productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, occasionally somewhat angular; stem long; skin attractive yellow, occasionally nearly overspread with crimson-red, delicately blotched or mottled; flesh yellowish, with distinct radiating lines, juicy, firm, crisp, sweet, pleasant; very good in quality; stone rather small, roundish; season late, the same as Downer.

Late Black Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:130. 1832. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:112 fig. 25, 113, 114. 1866. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 338. 1889.

This variety differs from Black Bigarreau in being smaller, less heart-shaped, and in ripening later. It was first known as Bigarreau Noir Tardif but Prince, in 1832, at which time he possibly brought it to America, translated the name into English and called it Late Black Bigarreau under which name it is now known in English and American pomologies. Tree large, vigorous, upright, productive; fruit medium to large, cordate; suture indistinct; color dark brownish-red changing to glossy black; flesh purplish-red, with abundant, highly colored juice, very firm, crisp, sweet yet sprightly, aromatic; quality good; ripens in mid-season or later.

Late Gean. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831.

According to the reference, this is a small, black Heart of poor quality ripening early in July.

Late Large Black Griotte. P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:145, 146. 1832.

Worthy of consideration because of its beauty and lateness, often remaining on the tree until October. Tree of medium size; branches numerous, slender; fruit large, roundish; stem very long; skin dark red, nearly black; flesh red, very acid and bitter, somewhat milder at maturity.

Late Purple Guigne. P. avium. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 85. 1866. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 468. 1869. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 24. 1876.

A large, dark red, German variety ripening the latter part of July; flesh firm, juicy, agreeable.

Late Richmond. P. cerasus. 1. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:111. 1900. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:73. 1903.

The origin of this variety is uncertain but it seems to have been grown in the Middle West about forty years ago. It is supposed to be a seedling of Early Richmond differing from its parent in ripening later, being of better quality, and more upright in growth. Fruit round, conical; stem thick, moderately long; cavity shallow, broad; skin thin; flesh tender, with abundant, colorless juice, acid; quality good; ripens a week or ten days later than Early Richmond; unproductive.

Late Ripe. P. cerasus. 1. Gerarde Herball 1504, 1505, fig. 5. 1636.

According to Gerarde, this cherry is similar to the wild English cherry in branches and foliage but the flowers are often doubled; fruit small, round, dark red, often dried with the stems on; used by physicians.

Late White Guigne. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:113. 1832.

Fruit nearly round, with a deep suture; skin whitish or very pale amber, tinged with light red; flesh firm, agreeable; ripens in France in September.

Latham. Species? 1. Ont. Sta. An. Rpt. 3:45. 1896.

Listed as having been grown at the Simcoe Station.

Laura. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 468. 1869.

Laura originated with Charles Pease, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree spreading, upright, productive; fruit medium to large, heart-shaped, globular, often one-sided; stem medium, inserted in a shallow depression; skin pale yellow, largely overspread with rich, bright red; flesh white, juicy, sweet, rich, half-tender; pit medium to small; ripens early in June and hangs well.

Leather Stocking. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 211, 212. 1854.

Leather Stocking was grown by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, hardy, moderately productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, often obtuse; skin faint red becoming a rich reddish-black when fully ripe, with irregular stripes and blotches of black; cavity deep, open; flesh firm, tinged with red, sweet, fair; pit of medium size; season the last of July.

Leib. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 14:28. 1872. 2. Horticulturist 29:256. 1874. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 163. 1881.

This variety was brought from Germany about 1850 and planted in the garden of a Mr. Leib, Galena, Illinois. It resembles Early Richmond and was claimed to be very productive and hardy at the time of its introduction; it has not been widely disseminated. Tree hardy, healthy, upright in growth, bearing abundantly; fruit of a crimson color, sweet; quality good; season the end of June, following Early Richmond.

Leitzkauer. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 287. 1802.

Sauer Einmach and Backkirsche. 2. Krünitz Enc. 73, 74. 1790.

Leitzkauer Einmachweichsel. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 567-569. 1819.

No doubt the name of this cherry arises from the cloister, Leitzkau, in Magdeburg, Prussia, Germany, where it is widely planted. It is propagated by root cuttings and if not pruned, grows tall, weak and drooping. Fruit medium to small, roundish; stem long; skin dark brown to glossy black; flesh reddish, juicy, sour; stone small, red; ripens in August; of little value.

Lemercier. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Hort. Reg. (Am.) 1:343, 344. 1835. 2. Mag. Hort. 13:399 fig., 400. 1847. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 85. 1866. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876. 5. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:353, 354 fig. 1877.

Frühe Lemercier. 6. Ill. Handb. 157 fig., 158. 1860.

Discovered by M. Lemercier in Brabant, Belgium, about 1830; introduced into Paris in 1835 and into America in 1842. It resembles Late Duke with which it ripens. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate; suture shallow; stem long, inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin glossy, transparent, mottled with red; flesh yellowish before ripe, becoming red, firm but melting, juicy, slightly acidulated, with a peculiar fragrance; stone rather large, roundish, truncate at the base, slightly clinging; ripens the last of July.

Léopold (II). Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 367. 1889.

Mentioned but not described.

Leopoldskirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Handb. 674. 1797. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 564-566. 1819.

Griotte de Léopold. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 26, 195. 1876.

This variety was received by Truchsess in 1796 from Pastor Winter as Brusseler Bruyn by which name it was called by a few German pomologists. It should not be confused with the present Brusseler Braune. Fruit large, almost round, compressed on one side; skin dark brown changing to nearly black; flesh dark red, juicy, melting, mild when mature; stone almost round; ripens toward the end of July. The drooping branches, the small, sour cherry leaves which turn yellow and drop and the sweetness in flavor separate it from the Grosse Morelle.

Leschken (Leschke's) Schwarze Knorpel Kirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 367. 1889.

Mentioned in the reference given.

Lethe. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 40. 1895.

Lethe was grown by C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon. Fruit of the Bigarreau type, large, heart-shaped, surface smooth, glossy; cavity medium in size and depth, irregular, flaring, marked by irregular waves; suture shallow; stem very long, slender, curved; skin thin, tenacious, purplish-black; dots minute, indented; flesh very dark purplish-red, firm, meaty, juicy, mild subacid, almost sweet; quality good; pit large, oval, semi-clinging; ripens the last of June in Oregon.

Liefeld Braune. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 367. 1889.

Guigne brune de Liefeld. 2. Guide Prat. 6, 191. 1895.

Tree of medium size, very vigorous and productive; fruit large, cordate, brownish, mottled; flesh red, sweet; of first quality; matures early in June.

Lieke Bunte Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 61 fig., 62. 1867. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 367. 1889.

Bigarreau Tardi de Lieke. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 21, 190. 1876.

Originated with Herr Lieke of Hildesheim, Prussia, Germany, fruiting for the first time in 1851. The fruit is one of the latest to ripen; large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; stem long, slender, inserted in a rather wide, deep cavity; suture indistinct; skin glossy, tough, yellow, streaked and spotted with a mild red; flesh faintly yellow, firm, sweet with a pleasing sourness; stone small, oval; season late.

Lincoln (I). P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 468. 1869.

Lincoln is a vigorous, spreading variety, found near Cleveland, Ohio. Fruit large, oblong-cordate, pointed; suture broad, shallow; stem long; cavity deep; skin dark brown when ripe; flesh firm, veined and mottled with shades of red, juicy, sprightly, sweet, pleasant; pit above medium in size; season the first to the middle of July.

Lincoln (II). P. avium. 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 289. 1889. 2. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:29. 1910.

Seth Lewelling of Milwaukee, Oregon, raised this variety in 1865 probably from a seed of Eagle. Tree large, spreading, with an open top, seriously affected with black aphis; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate; skin very dark, thick, tough; stem short; flesh firm, deep red, juicy; good quality; pit small, round.

Lindley. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 211. 1854.

Lindley was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland from seeds given him by M. Lindley, Euclid, Ohio. Tree vigorous, moderately prolific; fruit large, heart-shaped, surface uneven; skin dark purplish-red; flesh almost firm, tinged red, juicy, deficient in richness; season the first of July.

Lipp. P. avium. 1. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:279. 1903.

Lipp Late Blood. 2. Green Cat. 29. 1906.

Lipp originated in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Fruit large, dark red or crimson; stem long; flesh and juice very dark, meaty; late.

Litham. P. cerasus. 1. Stone & Wellington Cat. 33. 1907.

This is a Russian cherry introduced by Stone & Wellington, Toronto, Ontario. Fruit of medium size; color red; flesh firm.

Little Phil. Species? 1. Wyo. Sta. Bul. 34:129. 1897.

Mentioned as not hardy in Wyoming.

Logan. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 200 fig. 1854. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 24, 201. 1876.

Logan is another of Professor J. P. Kirtland's cherries originating in 1842 from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree hardly healthy, somewhat spreading; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a shallow depression at the apex; stem variable, set in a deep cavity; skin purplish-black when ripe; flesh firm, dark red, with white, radiating lines, juicy, sweet, rich; pit above medium in size, oval; mid-season.

Long Finger. Species? 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 574. 1629.

"The long finger Cherry is another small long red one, being long and round like a finger, whereof it took the name:...."

Look No Further. P. avium. 1. U. S. Pat Off. Rpt. 294. 1853.

This variety was introduced into this country in 1815, from the Royal Gardens of Luxembourg, Paris, by Samson V. S. Wilder of Bolton, Massachusetts. Said to be very productive, sweet, large and attractive.

Lord Belhaven White Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 56. 1831.

Mentioned but not described.

Lothaunner Erfurter. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

Lothkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 288. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 595-597. 1819. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:65. 1858.

Fruit large, nearly round, flattened on one side; stem long; skin reddish-black; flesh very tender, red, sour; ripens the first of August.

Louise. P. cerasus. 1. Chase Bros. Cat. 20. 1907.

Louise was found about 1887 by the late Lewis Chase in the vicinity of Rochester, New York. Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, dark red, sour; ripens in June.

Louisiana Iron Clad. P. cerasus. 1. La. Sta. Bul. 2:682. 1893. 2. Ibid. 112:11. 1908.

This cherry originated in Louisiana about 1900 with A. K. Clingman. It is said to be the only cherry which will produce fruit in Louisiana; of the Morello type.

Löwener Frühkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 359. 1881.

Frühe Englische Kirsche aus Löwen. 2. Ill. Handb. 79 fig., 80. 1867.

Hâtive de Louvain. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 17, 200. 1876.

Lowener Frühweichsel. 4. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907.

This variety probably originated in Belgium nearly half a century ago. Fruit variable in size, often large, sides and ends compressed giving it a square appearance; suture shallow; stem long, strongly inserted in a wide, regular, deep cavity; skin rather glossy, dark brownish-red; flesh dark red, tender, juicy, acidulated, refreshing; stone plump, almost round, base abrupt, with a slight depression; early.

Lucien. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 228, 229. 1819. 2. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 157. 1825. 3. Mas Le Verger 8:79, 80, fig. 38. 1866-73. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 367. 1889. 5. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:61. 1900.

Guigne Lucien. 6. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 198. 1876.

This foreign variety is planted in Canada but is not known in the United States. It was found by Uellner in Lüneburg, Prussia, about 1806. Leroy is of the opinion that this is the cherry he calls Guigne Carnée Winkler which came out a few years later as a seedling of Winkler from Guben, Prussia.

Ludwig Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 86. 1866.

Guigne Ludwig. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 198. 1876. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:326 fig. 1877.

Ludwig's Bunte Herzkirsche. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 367, 368. 1889.

Ludwig is a seedling obtained by Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England, about 1860. Fruit large, cordate, terminating in a sharp point; suture slightly indistinct; stem very long, slender, inserted in a wide cavity; skin glossy, bright red, paler on the shaded side; flesh pale yellow, tender, melting; pit small, roundish, plump; ripens the last of June.

Lukeward. P. avium. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629. 2. Phillips Comp. Gard. 79. 1831. 3. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 106. 1846.

Lukeward's Heart. 4. Prince Pom. Man. 2:125. 1832.

A variety supposed to have come from Italy which has long since passed from cultivation. Fruit cordate, dark brown or nearly black; ripens early in August.

Lundie Guigne. P. avium. 1. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 43. 1803. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:118. 1832. 3. Elliott Fr. Book 218. 1854.

Lundie Guigne is an old English cherry first spoken of by Forsyth in 1803. Tree vigorous, large; fruit medium in size, roundish-elongated, dark purplish-black; flesh tender, juicy, subacid, pleasant; season July.

McAdow. P. avium. 1. Am. Hort. An. 88 fig. 1869. 2. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 32. 1869.

McAdow is supposed to be a cross between Black Tartarian and Elton, grown from seed by Dr. McAdow, Chillicothe, Ohio. Tree vigorous, productive, bears early; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed, without a suture; stem slender, deeply inserted; skin light, pale yellow, overspread and mottled indistinctly with light, clear red; flesh firm, yellowish, tender, juicy, pleasant but not rich; quality good; stone medium to large, oval.

MacRoach. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Green-River Nur. Cat. 23. 1899.

This cherry was found near Guthrie, Kentucky, on the farm of John MacRoach, where it has fruited for many years and is considered a very good cherry of the May Duke type.

Madame Courtois. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 335. 1870-71.

Found by Bonamy, a nurseryman, in 1860, upon a farm belonging to the Château of Lamothe, near Puylaurens, Tarn, France. Tree productive; fruit large; skin clear red; flesh tinted with a rose color, sweet, very agreeable; ripens in June-July.

Madame Grégoire. P. avium. × P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 26. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 18. 1895.

This variety is said in Guide Pratique, 1895, to be very similar to Reine Hortense.

Madeleine. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 26, 201. 1876.

Cerise Commune (de la Madeleine). 2. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2:No. 12, Pl. 1846.

Cerisier de la Madleine. 3. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:507. 1860.

Amarelle de la Madleine. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:205. 1866.

Madeleine is probably a late strain of the old Cerise Commune formerly extensively grown about Paris. Fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened at the ends; suture a line; stem medium in length; skin clear red changing to brownish-red; flesh whitish, tender, acid; pit small; ripens the last of July; productive.

Madison. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 211, 1854.

Madison Bigarreau. 2. Kenrick Am. Orch. 235. 1841. 3. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 367. 1849.

Madison's Bunte Herzkirsche. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 368. 1889.

Madison is a seedling of the White Bigarreau, raised by Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts. Tree healthy, productive, moderate in growth, spreading; fruit of medium size, regular, heart-shaped; stem rather short, slender; skin heavily dotted and mottled with rich red on amber-yellow ground; flesh yellowish, rather tender, juicy, with agreeable sprightliness; pit small, oval; season the last of June.

Magann. P. avium. 1. New Haven Nur. Cat. 12. 1899-1900.

Magann is a hardy, Sweet Cherry originating in Franklin County, Missouri; fruit large, nearly black, borne in large clusters.

Magèse. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 24. 1876. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:327 fig. 1877.

Magèse was received by Leroy from Florence, Italy, about 1864. Fruit large, attached in twos and threes, obtuse-cordate; stem stout, short, inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin yellow, washed with carmine; flesh yellowish, moderately tender, juicy, sugary, acidulated; first quality; stone small, round, plump; ripens the first of June.

Magnifique de Daval. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:154. 1882. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 368. 1889.

The flowers and foliage are described by Mas in his Pomologie Générale.

Magog. Species? 1. Okla. Sta. Bul. 2:13. 1892.

Listed in the reference given.

Mammoth. P. avium. 1. Ohio Pom. Soc. Rpt. 10:44. 1862.

Kirtland's Mammoth. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 198 fig. 1854. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:31, 32, fig. 16. 1882.

Mammuthkirsche. 4. Proskauer Obstsort. 56. 1907.

Mammoth was raised, probably about 1842, by Professor J. P. Kirtland of Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of a Yellow Spanish tree grown apart from other cherries. Tree large, vigorous, round-topped, usually unproductive; fruit of the largest size, often averaging three and one-half inches in circumference, obtuse-cordate, with a large, prominent suture; stem of medium thickness, long; skin moderately thick, attractive clear yellow, blushed or mottled with light red; flesh whitish, with abundant, uncolored juice, fine-grained, with distinct radiating lines, nearly tender, sweet yet almost sprightly; very good in quality; stone roundish-oval, regular; season early.

Mammoth Oxheart. P. avium. 1. Pioneer Nur. Cat. 16. 1905-06.

Listed, probably not propagated at present.

Manger. Species? 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 211. 1896.

Mentioned without a description.

Manning Early Black. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:282. 1842. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 218. 1854.

This variety was grown from a pit of Black Heart by Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts. It differs from the parent only in time of ripening, which is ten days earlier, and in form of tree, which is more spreading.

Manning Early White Heart. P. avium. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 243. 1841.

Still another seedling raised by Robert Manning, this one coming from a seed of White Turkey Bigarreau. Fruit of medium size, cordate, pale red, amber in the sun, sweet, fine; ripens in June.

Manning Late Black. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:284. 1842. 2. Cole Am. Fr. Book 234. 1849.

Manning Black Bigarreau. 3. Kenrick Am. Orch. 235. 1841.

Black Bigarreau. 4. Bridgeman Gard. Ass't Pt. 3:54. 1847.

This is another of Robert Manning's seedlings of the Black Heart. Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate; skin deep purple, nearly black; stem long; flesh purplish-red, firm, rather juicy, sprightly, with a pleasant, luscious flavor; ripens the second week in July.

Manning Mottled. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 176. 1845. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 361. 1849.

Mottled Bigarreau. 3. Mag. Hort. 8:283, 1842.

Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts, raised this cherry from a seed of White Bigarreau. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit rather large, roundish-cordate, flattened on one side, with a distinct suture; stem slender, inserted in a shallow cavity; skin amber, shaded and mottled with red, with a semi-transparent, glossy appearance; flesh yellow when fully ripe, tender, with a sweet, delicious juice; stone large; season at the end of June.

Maple Heart. P. avium. 1. Brookshaw Pom. Brit. Pl. 8. 1817. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831.

This a rather firm-fleshed, red Heart of second size and third quality, ripening in July.

Marells Royal. Species? 1. Ariz. Sta. Bul. 15:65. 1895.

Mentioned as having been planted in Arizona.

Maria Gaucher. P. avium. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 57. 1907.

Listed as a variegated, hard-fleshed cherry.

Marie de Châteauneuf. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 18. 1876.

Probably named after the wife of the Marquis de Châteauneuf; fruit very large, obtuse-cordate, purplish-black; flesh rose-colored, moderately firm, juicy, sugary, agreeable; ripens the middle of June.

Marie Thérèse. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:358 fig. 1877.

This variety originated with M. de Luigné near Châteaugontier, Mayenne, France, and was named after his daughter Marie Thérèse. Tree strong, vigorous, moderately productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish, flattened at the ends; suture broad; stem long, slender; cavity small; skin transparent, firm, red, dotted with whitish-gray; flesh yellow, compact, melting, juicy, aromatic; first quality; ripens the last of June.

Markirsche. P. avium. 1. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:29, 30. 1910.

Tree large, upright, open-topped, productive; foliage frequently attacked by aphis; fruit large, dark red, cordate, with a short stem; skin thick, tender, while the flesh is meaty and deeply stained; stone round, smooth; ripens the third week in July, often hanging on the trees until the middle of August.

Marsotte. P. avium. 1. Guide Prat. 12. 1895.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size; stem of medium length; skin black; flesh juicy, sugary; used in making Kirschwasser.

Mary. P. cerasus. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 211. 1854.

Mary was raised by B. B. Kirtland, Greenbush, New York. Fruit borne in clusters, having a bright, lively red color and a sprightly subacid flavor.

Master White Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 56. 1831.

Listed in this reference.

Mastodon. P. avium. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 185. 1894.

Black Mastodon. 2. Wickson Cal. Fruits 289. 1889.

Mastodon is a seedling of Pontiac and originated with W. H. Chapman, Napa, California; introduced by Leonard Coates, then of the same place. Fruit very large, obtuse-cordate, base very broad; cavity large, deep; stem stout, long; skin entirely mottled with pinkish or heavy red; flesh firm, yellowish, tinged with red, meaty, moderately juicy, with a rich, lively sweet flavor.

Matilda. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 262. 1892.

Matilda originated with C. E. Hoskins, formerly of Newburg, Oregon. Fruit medium to large, broad-cordate, surface smooth; skin glossy, dark red, nearly black; dots very fine; flesh dark red, firm, sprightly, sweet; very good; ripens in Oregon about the middle of June.

Matts. P. avium.

J. G. Youngken, Richlandtown, Pennsylvania, writes that this cherry is a seedling of Black Tartarian. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large.

Mayo. P. avium. 1. Samuels & Co. Cat. 22. 1892.

The original tree of Mayo is on the farm of a Mr. Mayo near Jackson, Tennessee. Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit large, amber shaded with red, tender; resembles Wood.

Mazarine. Species? 1. Thacher Am. Orch. 216. 1822.

Listed as one of the twenty principal varieties in the United States.

Mednyansky. P. avium. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 177:31. 1899.

Moduyansky. 2. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 185. 1894.

This Hungarian variety was introduced to this country in 1894. In the second reference the name is spelled Moduyansky but in the first it is given Mednyansky which form is deemed best to follow here. Tree upright, spreading, rather vigorous; fruit cordate; suture variable, indistinct on some specimens but a noticeable ridge from the cavity to the apex on others; stem stout, long, inserted in a narrow, deep, irregular cavity; skin very dark purple turning black; flesh firm, rich, sweet, sprightly; quality very good.

Meininger Späte Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 137 fig., 138. 1860; 2. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 370. 1881.

Bigarreau-tardif de Meiningen. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 21, 190. 1876.

Tree vigorous, productive, blooming late; fruit of medium size, cordate, sides compressed; suture shallow; stem slender, variable in length, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; color pale golden-yellow, spotted with pale red, which often conceals the ground color; flesh firm, whitish-yellow, reddish-yellow under the skin, juicy; stone large, oval, usually somewhat adherent; ripens in August lasting until September.

Meissener Weisse. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Mentioned in the reference given.

Merise Grosse Rose Oblongue. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831.

Probably a small, wild variety.

Merise Petite Ronda. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831.

Listed without a description.

Merisier Fastigié. Species? 1. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2:No. 3, P1. 1846.

Poiteau was uncertain as to the name of this variety which he noticed in the gardens of M. Cels. Tree very pyramidal; fruit yellowish-amber.

Michigan. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 17. 1885.

Michigan is a supposed cross between Black Tartarian and Yellow Spanish fruiting for the first time in 1877. It was grown by Stephen Cook, Benton Harbor, Michigan. Fruit large, cordate, slightly compressed; stem long; suture lacking; skin deep red, nearly black; flesh firm, juicy, sweet; ripens early in July. Said to be nearly rot proof.

Miller. Species? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 27. 1909.

Listed but not described.

Millet. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Brookshaw Pom. Brit. PL. 7. 1817. 2. Brookshaw Hort. Reposit. 1:45, P1. 23 fig. 2. 1823.

Described as one of the best black, heart-shaped late Dukes, ripening the last of June and continuing until September; flesh moderately firm; stone small; excellent.

Minnesota. P. cerasus. 1. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:280. 1903. 2. Mich. Sta. Bul. 205:27. 1903.

Sprouts of this variety were brought from Sweden to Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, slightly compressed; stem long; skin dark red; flesh dark, tender, juicy, subacid; very good.

Minnesota Ostheim. P. cerasus. 1. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:120. 1900.

Ostheim. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 371. 1881.

This variety was introduced into Minnesota from North Germany by E. Meyer, St. Petersburg, Minnesota. It is well adapted to cold regions where the Montmorency group does not flourish. Tree upright, dense; fruit large, roundish-oblate, dark red; flesh dark, tender, sweet subacid; good in quality; stone roundish, slightly flattened; ripens the middle of July.

Minnie. P. pumila. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 353. 1896.

Minnie is a vigorous seedling of Prunus pumila grown in Manitoba, Canada; fruit large and good.

Monkirsche Rote. Species? 1. Mas. Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Mentioned in this reference.

Monstrous Duke. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:360 fig., 361. 1877.

Monstrous Duke is mentioned by MM. Simon-Louis in 1866 as a new sort of the Anglaise hâtive. It is probably of English origin, but the name is misleading as the fruit is only moderately large; attached in pairs, globular; stem stout, short, shallowly inserted; skin transparent, yellowish, partly covered with red; flesh yellowish, tender, slightly fibrous, very juicy, sugary, sprightly; pit small, roundish, plump, adhering to the stem; ripens the last of June.

Monstrueuse Hennequine. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831.

Listed without description.

Montmorency Pleureur. P. cerasus. 1. Guide Prat. 17, 196. 1895.

Described as a handsome tree with drooping branches. Its fruit is somewhat similar to that of the Montmorency.

Montmorency de Sauvigny. P. cerasus. 1. Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom. 120 fig., 121. 1904.

Cerise de Sauvigny. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876.

Belle de Sauvigny. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 334. 1889.

Schöne aus Sauvigny. 4. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907.

This cherry is a popular fruit about Paris where it is used for confitures and brandy. Fruit large, roundish, attached in twos or threes; stem short; cavity large, shallow; color dark red; flesh yellow, transparent, slightly fibrous, acidulated; stone small, round; ripens the second half of July.

Montmorency Stark. P. cerasus. 1. Stark Bros. Cat. 4:46. 1913.

Montmorency Stark is described as having been produced on the Stark Brothers Nursery grounds, Louisiana, Missouri, from a select tree which bore large fruit.

Montreuil. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 80:23. 1892. 2. Ibid. 194:41. 1901. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 27. 1909.

Belle de Montreuil. 4. Rev. Hort. 451. 1875.

Schöne von Montreuil. 5. Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift 123. 1910.

This variety was mentioned by European writers as early as 1875 but was not known in America until recently. It is a valuable cherry and was placed on the fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1909. Tree upright, spreading, vigorous, more productive than Reine Hortense; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate; stem long, stout; skin mottled red approaching black; flesh tender, light red, with abundant, colored juice, subacid, pleasing; quality good; season July; valuable for dessert and culinary purposes.

Moorhouse. P. avium. 1. Leonard Coates Cat. 10. 1911.

Moorhouse is no longer propagated, being inferior to its parent, Napoleon.

Morella Extra Noir. P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831.

Listed without a description.

Morella Wye. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:61. 1900.

Listed in this reference.

Morelle von Wilhelmshöhe. P. cerasus. 1. Guide Prat. 16. 1895.

A very good table cherry ripening the seventh week of the season.

Moreller Langstilkede Sode. P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831.

Listed without a description.

Morisco. Species? 1. Langley Pomona 86. 1729.

Mentioned without description.

Morocco. P. cerasus. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629.

"The Morocco Cherrie hath a large white blossome, and an indifferent big berrie, long and round, with a long stalke of a darke reddish purple colour, a little tending to a blew when it is full ripe, of a firme substance; the juice is of a blackish red, discolouring the hands or lips, and of a pleasant taste: some doe thinke that this and the Morello be both one."

Morten Seedling. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Listed but not described.

Mosler Schwarze Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:23. 1858.

Fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; stem long, slender; skin black, tough; flesh dark, tender, very sweet; pit oblong-cordate; ripens the middle of July; productive.

Moyer Honey Heart. P. avium. 1. Horticulturist N. S. 8:22. 1858. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 469, 470. 1869.

This variety was grown by Josiah G. Youngken, Allentown, Pennsylvania. Tree healthy, vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; suture small; stem long, slender; skin whitish, shaded and mottled with rich red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; often partially clinging; ripens the middle of June.

Mückelberger Grosse. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 24. 1876.

A Sweet Cherry originating in Guben, Prussia, Germany.

Murdock. P. avium. 1. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:289. 1903. Murdock's Bigarreau. 2. Gard. Mon. 28:240, 241. 1886. 3. Reid Cat. 35. 1892.

Murdock is thought to have originated in 1887 with John R. and A. Murdock, then of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit large, roundish-cordate; cavity deep, wide, rather abrupt; stem long, slender; skin thin, moderately tough, amber overlaid and mottled with light red; flesh whitish, firm, crisp, somewhat sprightly, juicy, sweet; quality very good; stone clinging, large, ovate, flattened, smooth; ripens early in July, hanging long on the trees; not susceptible to rot.

Nancy. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 470. 1869.

Nancy originated with Charles Pease, Sr., Cleveland, Ohio. Tree upright-spreading; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; stem long, stout, inserted in a large cavity; suture slight; skin pale yellow, shaded and mottled with crimson; flesh tender, juicy, rich, sweet; very good; stone small; ripens the last of June.

Naples. P. avium. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629.

Neapolitanische Knorpelkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:35. 1858. 3. Ill. Handb. 39 fig., 40. 1867.

Bigarreau de Naples. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 189. 1876.

This is an Italian cherry introduced into Germany, France and England from Florence, Italy. It is very productive and is distinguished by its color and its lateness. Tree vigorous, bears early; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides only faintly compressed; suture indistinct; stem of medium length, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin tough, firm, glossy, becoming dark brown or black; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, vinous; stone oval, plump; ripens the sixth week of the season.

Ne Plus Ultra. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 22:208. 1880.

Ne Plus Ultra was raised by John Mosely of Goodrich, Ontario. It resembles Napoleon but is inferior.

Neapolitanische Molkenkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:33. 1858.

Bigarreautier de Naples. 2. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:504. 1860.

Napolitaine. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

This is a large, lemon-colored, rather firm-fleshed variety that should not be confused with Naples. Tree small, vigorous; flesh sweet, pleasing; ripens late in July.

Nebraska Sweet. P. avium. 1. Gage County Nur. Cat. 8. 1906.

Listed in this reference as a dark, Sweet Cherry doing remarkably well in Nebraska.

Nelson Kentish. P. cerasus. 1. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 23. 1892-93.

Said to be more vigorous in growth and more hardy in bud than Early Richmond.

Neue Englische Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 542, 543. 1819. 2. Ill. Handb. 83 fig., 84. 1867.

Neue Englische Kirsche. 3. Christ Wörterb. 286. 1802.

According to Truchsess, Mayer grew this cherry about 1775. Tree of medium height, moderately productive; fruit often large, roundish, more or less compressed; suture faint; stem straight, medium in length; cavity wide, deep; skin glossy, tender, black; flesh tender, dark red, juicy, pleasing subacid; pit plump, small, oval; ripens early in July.

Neue Ochsenherzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 73 fig., 74. 1860.

Herrnhäuser neue Ochsenherzkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:22. 1858.

Nouvelle Guigne des Boeufs. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:301. 1866.

Fruit very large, acute-cordate, irregular near the apex; stem long, slender; skin glossy, brownish-black; flesh dark red, tender, sweet, vinous; stone cordate-oblong; ripens the middle of July; not very productive.

Neumann Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 370. 1889.

Mentioned in the reference given.

New Century. P. cerasus × (P. avium × P. cerasus). 1. Texas Nur. Cat. 10. 1907.

New Century is thought to be a cross originating in Grayson County, Texas, between English Morello and some Duke; it was introduced by the Texas Nursery Company. Tree of the Duke type, upright; fruit medium to above in size; light red; good. The trees are free from mildew in Texas but do not hold their fruit well.

New Royal. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831.

Listed without a description.

Nienburger Frühe Bunte Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:27. 1858.

Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; stem of medium length, stout, straight; skin yellowish, spotted and streaked; flesh aromatically sweet; pit oval; ripens the middle of June.

Noble. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Am. Gard. 20:576. 1899. 2. Bunyard-Thomas Fr. Gard. 44. 1904.

This variety is said to resemble May Duke. Fruit large; color deep crimson to darker; flesh firm, colored, rich; late; productive.

Noire des Vosges. P. cerasus. 1. Mas Le Verger 8:105, 106, fig. 51. 1866-73.

Griotte Noire des Vosges. 2. Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom. 98 fig., 99. 1904.

This old variety is probably a native of eastern France. The fruit is used for confections and liquors. Fruit attached in pairs, medium in size, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; color almost black at maturity; flesh dark, tender, vinous, acidulated; stone small, oval, obtuse at the apex; ripens late in July.

Nonpareil. Species? 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 187. 1908.

Nonpareil is a black cherry which originated at Vacaville, California.

Norfolk. Species? 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 87. 1872.

Mentioned as a seedling cherry grown by J. H. Fenno; not described.

Norma. P. avium. 1. Fruit Grower 19:368. 1908.

Norma is a black cherry grown by R. H. Weber, The Dalles, Oregon; it is earlier than Napoleon.

Northeast. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul. 27:11. 1904.

Northeast is a rather dwarf cherry of the Morello type; very productive. Said to be valuable as a late market variety but the trees are lacking in vigor and subject to leaf blight.

Northwest. P. cerasus. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 165. 1881. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 25. 1899. 3. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:76 fig. 16, 88. 1903.

This is one of the varieties originated by D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, and first distributed by Professor J. L. Budd as Wier's No. 29; the fruit resembles Baldwin. The American Pomological Society placed Northwest on its fruit catalog in 1899 but dropped it in 1909. Tree medium in size, resembling English Morello closely both in size and habit, very productive; fruit medium to large, roundish, obscurely heart-shaped; stem long, adhering quite firmly to the fruit; skin tough, medium in thickness, dark attractive red, becoming nearly black; flesh deeply colored, firm, brisk but pleasant acid, mingled with a slight astringency; good in quality; stone small, roundish; season early.

Occident. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 40. 1895.

Occident is a seedling of Napoleon which originated with C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon. Fruit heart-shaped, above medium in size, smooth; stem long, slender; cavity large, regular, deep, flaring, shaded with pink; suture shallow; skin very dark purplish-red, thick, tenacious; dots numerous, small, russet, indented; flesh dark reddish, translucent, with white veining, firm, meaty, juicy, mild subacid, rich; good to very good; season late in June; a good shipper.

Ohio Beauty. P. avium. 1. Horticulturist 2:123 fig. 19. 1847-48. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 212. 1854. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:93 fig. 18, 94, 95. 1866. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 12. 1871.

Bigarreau Bauté de l'Ohio. 5. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:177, 178 fig. 1877.

Ohio Beauty probably originated in 1842 with Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio; first disseminated in 1847. The American Pomological Society listed it on its fruit catalog in 1871 but dropped it in 1895. Tree large, vigorous, hardy, very productive; fruit medium to large, cordate, compressed; cavity of medium depth, wide; stem slender, long; skin thin, of medium toughness, light yellow overspread with crimson; dots numerous, light russet, conspicuous; flesh whitish, with colorless juice, tender, meaty, mild, sweet; good in quality; stone clinging, irregular-ovate; season early.

Okiya. P. pumila × P. americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:1908. 2. Ibid. 130:176, Pl. 6. 1911.

Okiya is a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum. Fruit roundish, dark red; flesh green; excellent quality.

Oliver. Species? 1. Ariz. Sta. Bul. 15:65. 1895. 2. Neb. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 18. 1900.

Oliver is said to be a valuable cherry for home use in Nebraska; slow in coming into bearing.

Opata. P. pumila × P. americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:1908. 2. Ibid. 130:173, 174 Pl. 4, 175, 176. 1911.

Opata, a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum which was sent out in 1908. It is a plum in habit of growth, vigorous; foliage large, glossy; fruit one and three-sixteenths inches in diameter, roundish; skin thin, tender, dark purplish-red with blue bloom; flesh green, firm; flavor very pleasant combining the sprightly acid of the Sand Cherry with the rich sweetness of the Gold plum; pit very small; season early, the middle of August.

Oregon. P. avium. 1. Wickson Cat. Fruits 290. 1889. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 150. 1895.

Oregon is a seedling of Napoleon originated by H. W. Prettyman, East Portland, Oregon, and named by the Oregon Horticultural Society in 1888. W. S. Failing of Portland introduced it the same year. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, irregularly flattened along the suture; stem medium in length, stout, set in a deep, irregular cavity; skin black; flesh firm, very dark, juicy, sweet; later than Napoleon.

Orel. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 327. 1888. 2. Maine Pom. Soc. Rpt. 145. 1889.

This name is given to a dwarf cherry similar to Vladimir from Orel, Russia. It has small leaves and a close habit of growth; comes into bearing when from three to four feet in height; fruit larger than Montmorency, nearly black when ripe, mildly subacid.

Orel No. 24. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 328. 1888. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:77, 78. 1903.

This variety was imported by Budd but the name was lost. Some believe it to be Lutovka but as grown at the Iowa Station it is more like Early Morello in form and size of tree and fruit. Tree smaller and more open than Lutovka; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; cavity deep; stem medium in length, stout; suture a faint line; skin thin, translucent, cornelian-red; flesh firm, colored, juicy, pleasingly acid; good; pit round, angular; season the latter part of June.

Orel Sweet. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 19:549. 1892. 2. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:21. 1910.

Orel No. 26. 3. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 328. 1888.

Orel Sweet is known in Europe as Lianzkaja Black; it was introduced into America by Budd as Orel 26; one of the hardiest of Sweet Cherries. Tree large, with a spreading top; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; stem long, slender; skin thin, tender, dark red; flesh soft, subacid; pit small, round, stained; ripens the last of July in Washington.

Orleans. P. cerasus. 1. Brown Bros. Cat. 19. 1906.

Orleans originated in Orleans County, New York. Probably not propagated at present, although known to many as an improved Montmorency.

Orléa Smith. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Mentioned but not described.

Osceola. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 200 fig. 1854. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74. 1862.

Professor J. P. Kirtland of Cleveland, Ohio, originated the Osceola in 1842, from a pit of the Yellow Spanish. It was placed on the fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1862 but was taken from the list in 1891. Tree round, spreading, hardy, healthy, productive; fruit medium to large, cordate; stem moderately stout inserted in a deep cavity; suture deep, broad; color dark purplish-red, inclining to black; flesh dark red, juicy, rich, sweet; pit medium or small, ovate, rounded; season the last of June and early July.

Ostheim (of Morris). P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 75. 1890.

This is a small, dark colored cherry differing from the Minnesota Ostheim in being later and slightly inferior in quality. Fruit round, compressed; quality fair, lacking in juiciness; pit large; ripens about August 6th in Ottawa, Canada.

Othello. P. pumila. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 353. 1896.

One of the Canada Experiment Farm's seedlings of Prunus pumila, the Sand Cherry; fruit large, very black, fair.

Owanka. P. pumila × P. americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:1908. 2. Ibid. 130:176. 1911.

Owanka, a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum, was discarded soon after it was sent out because of its bitter skin; tree hardy, productive; fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter; apex terminated by a minute prickle; skin dark red, with blue bloom; flesh yellow.

Ox Heart (of America). P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 24. 1899.

Major Francis. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 127. 1875. 3. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:29. 1910.

Coeur de Boeuf nouveau? 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882.

This cherry originated with G. W. Walling, Oswego, Oregon, about 1865, and was renamed in honor of Major Francis of Portland. As yet it is known only in the Northwest. The fruit is of good quality, attractive color, ripening with Black Tartarian, but is readily sought by the birds. Tree very large, vigorous, upright, productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, dark red; flesh deeply stained with red, juicy, sweet; quality good; too tender for long shipment; season early.

Pandys Glaskirsche. Species? 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907.

Listed but not described.

Paramdam. P. cerasus. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 308. 1884.

This variety was found nearly a century and a half ago in Paramdam, England. Tree small; fruit small, round; skin pale red; stem an inch long; flesh pale, tender, lively acid, agreeable; ripens the last of July.

Parent. Species? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 302. 1890.

Listed in the reference given.

Paretzer Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Listed in this reference.

Pariser Griotte. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 430. 1819. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 371. 1889.

This cherry is thought by some to be Duhamel's Griotte but it differs in its more tender flesh, sweeter taste, and smaller stone.

Parisian Guindoux. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:140. 1832.

Tree moderately large; fruit large, pale red; flesh sweet; excellent; ripens the middle of June.

Paul. P. avium. 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 185. 1908.

Paul was found by E. V. D. Paul of Ukiah, Oregon; it was propagated and introduced by the Leonard Coates Nursery Company, Morganhill, California, in 1908. Fruit large, black, mottled with dark red; late; a good shipper.

Pauline de Vigny. Species? 1. Mas. Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882.

Listed without a description.

Peach-Blossomed. Species? 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:151. 1832.

An ornamental cherry with rose-colored flowers.

Pease. P. avium. 1. Am. Hort. An. 86, 87. 1869.

Pease is a black, sweet seedling from Charles Pease, Sr., Cleveland, Ohio. Tree upright; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; flesh purplish, juicy, rich; follows Black Tartarian in ripening.

Perlkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Handb. 667. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 237-242. 1819. 3. Ill. Handb. 111 fig., 112. 1860. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:25, 26, fig. 13. 1882. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 371. 1889.

This variety is often taken for the Yellow Spanish but is distinct. Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit usually large, roundish-cordate, sides compressed; suture distinct; stem short, shallowly but firmly inserted; skin tough, glossy, resembling Yellow Spanish; flesh moderately tender, juicy, pleasing, sweet; stone rather large, elongated-cordate, nearly free; ripens about the middle of July.

Perlknorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 305-308. 1819. 2. Ill. Handb. 129 fig., 130. 1860.

Espagne bigarrée. 3. Knoop Fructologie 2:35, 38. 1771.

Perlmarmorkirsche. 4. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:43. 1858.

This Bigarreau, though called a Heart by some, should not be confused with Perlkirsche. Fruit medium to above, roundish-cordate; suture indistinct; stem medium short, shallowly inserted; skin tough, glossy, resembling Yellow Spanish; flesh firm, fibrous, juicy, pleasing, sweet; stone medium in size, plump, oval; ripens the last of July to first part of August.

Petite Morelle. P. cerasus. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:182 fig., 183, 184, 216. 1866.

This is a small, acid cherry used in northern Germany for wine-making and in the kitchen. Tree vigorous, small, bushy; fruit small, round; suture indistinct; stem short, set in a straight, shallow cavity; color dark red changing to black; flesh red, tender, always acid; pit small, reddish, oval, plump; ripens the fourth week of the season.

Pfitzmann Schwarze Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 372. 1889.

Listed in the reference given.

Pierce Late. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 20:89, 134. 1854. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 45. 1854. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 265. 1857.

This variety originated with Amos Pierce but was introduced by James Hyde and Son, Newton, Massachusetts. Tree upright, free, round-topped; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, dark red, mottled with light amber; stem slender, rather short; flesh soft, tender, very juicy, sweet, rich; stone small; ripens the last of July.

Pink Heart. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 219. 1854.

Pink Heart is a small, pinkish-red, oval Mazzard; stem short; ripens in July.

Planchoury. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 7:248. 1865. 2. Mas Le Verger 8:61, 62, fig. 29. 1866-73. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:374, 375 fig. 1877.

Cerise de Planchouri. 4. Ann. Pom. Belge 6:71, Pl. 1858.

Kirsch von Planchoury. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 372. 1889.

A Dr. Bretonneau grew this variety on his grounds near the River Loire, France. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, flattened at the base, slightly compressed on the sides, completely transversed by a suture; stem long, set in a large, deep cavity; skin glossy, clear red changing to darker red, uniform; flesh tinged with red, semi-tender, sugary, juicy, agreeably acidulated; first quality; stone large, oval, free; ripens early in July.

Plattgedrückte Schattenmorelle. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 26. 1876.

Differs from the English Morello in being more compressed in form.

Plumstone. P. cerasus. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 27. 1909.

Plumstone Morello. 2. Prince Treat. Hort. 29. 1828. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 198 fig. 1845. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74. 1862. 5. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:120. 1900.

The origin of this variety is unknown but it was found in Virginia early in the Nineteenth Century by William Prince who brought it to Flushing, New York. Its name seems to have arisen from the form of the stone. According to Prince, this variety surpasses all of the European Morellos for culinary purposes. Tree vigorous, medium in size, productive; fruit very large, roundish or inclined to obtuse-cordate; stem long, rather slender, straight; skin dark red becoming nearly black; flesh reddish, tender, juicy, highly flavored, sprightly, with pleasant acidity when fully mature; stone long, resembling a plum; season late July.

Plymouth Rock. P. avium. 1. Lovett Cat. 25 fig. 1895. 2. Mich. Sta. Bul. 169:200. 1899.

Plymouth. 3. Ont. Dept. Agr. Fr. Ont. 102. 1914.

Plymouth Rock is generally believed to have originated with J. H. Black, Hightstown, New Jersey. Tree vigorous, upright, round-topped; fruit above medium in size, heart-shaped, roundish; skin tender, reddish-amber, with a bright red blush; stem long, slender; cavity narrow, shallow; flesh rather tender, light colored, juicy; pit round, plump, small; season early July.

Podiebrad. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876.

Podiebrad Bunte Herzkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:29. 1858. 3. Ill. Handb. 21 fig., 22. 1867.

Probably a seedling from Podiebrad, Hungary. Tree vigorous, productive, bears early; fruit above medium in size, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long; cavity wide, moderately deep; skin tender, translucent, sulphur-yellow, nearly entirely washed and spotted with red; flesh tender, pale yellow, juicy, sweet, without sourness; stone medium egg-shaped; ripens early in July.

Pointed Guigne. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:119. 1832.

This cherry is so named because part of the style becomes hard and ligneous forming a sharp point at the apex of the fruit. Fruit cordate; color red on a yellow ground; flesh firm, crisp, rich, tinged with a slight bitterness; early.

Polsted. Species? 1. Jour. Hort. N. S. 24:412. 1873.

Polsted received its name from a parish in Suffolk, England, where it was extensively grown.

Polton Gean. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831.

Listed without a description.

Pomeranzen. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 479-482. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:53, 54. 1858.

Cerise Orange. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:306. 1866.

The name was given this cherry because of the appearance of the tree which resembles that of the orange. Tree round with a globular head; fruit large, broadly oblate; stem of medium length, firmly set in a deep cavity; suture a line; skin clear, almost brick-red, becoming glossy, darker, and transparent with many white spots; flesh clear, tinged red, with yellowish-white veins, juicy, sweetly acidulated; first quality; stone medium in size, round, turgid, sharply pointed; ripens the middle of July.

Pontiac. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 201 fig. 1854. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 89. 1866.

Pontiac originated in 1842, with Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, upright, somewhat spreading, healthy, productive; fruit medium to large, obtuse-cordate, with sides compressed; stem long, slender, inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; skin moderately firm, dark purplish-red, becoming nearly black at maturity; flesh purplish-red, with dark colored juice, rather tender, juicy, pleasant, aromatic, sweet; good in quality; stone medium in size, smooth, separating readily from the flesh; ripens in mid-season.

Pope. P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:150. 1832.

Some of the fruits of this cherry are green in the middle of July whereas the majority are quite ripe; introduced into France from Italy. Fruit large, round, red; stem very long; flesh similar to but more firm than that of the Montmorency.

Portugal. Species? 1. Rea Flora 205. 1676. 2. Coxe Cult. Fr. Trees 247. 1817.

Tree productive; fruit cordate, red; flavor rich and pleasant; ripens early in June.

Powhattan. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 201. 1854. 3. Mich. Sta. Bul. 67:23. 1890.

This is one of the numerous seedlings originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Fruit roundish-cordate, uneven in outline, compressed on the sides; stem medium to long; skin brownish-red, glossy; flesh purplish-red, half-tender, juicy, sweet; stone small.

Pragische Muskateller. P. avium. 1. Krünitz Enc. 51, 52, 53. 1790. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 398-402. 1819.

Cerise de Prague tardive. 3. Knoop Fructologie 2:36, 42. 1771.

Muscat de Prague. 4. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831.

The cherry, introduced into Germany from Holland about 1785 under the name Prager Muskateller, was undoubtedly the variety mentioned by Knoop in 1771, as Cerise de Prague Tardive. With this variety three other sorts were confused; the Cerise Blanche, Cerise Guigne, and the Grosse Ungarische Kirsche, but when fruit was obtained from all, separation was comparatively easy. Tree very productive; fruit large, globular; suture a line; stem rather thick, of medium length; cavity narrow, shallow; skin thin, brownish-red changing to black; flesh tender, melting, juicy, light red, sweet, wine-like; stone oval or roundish; ripens the middle of July.

Précoce de Marest. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 28. 1876.

Of doubtful value according to the reference.

Précoce de Sabaret. Species? 1. Gard. Chron. 1068. 1861. 2. Rev. Hort. 335. 1870.

There seem to be several strains of this cherry; it is one of the earliest cultivated sorts in France, ripening at the beginning of June and lasting a month.

President. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 212. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 471. 1869.

President is another of Professor J. P. Kirtland's cherries raised in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit medium to large, regular, cordate, slightly compressed; stem stout, slender; suture indistinct; skin red, slightly mottled with yellow; flesh yellowish-white, half-tender, juicy, sweet; good; pit medium in size; ripens from the middle to the last of June.

Pride of Washington. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Wash. Hort. Assoc. Rpt. 95. 1905.

This variety is a seedling of the Late Duke grown by J. F. Strong, Spokane, Washington. The tree is more productive and less disposed to seaming of limbs where connecting with the body than its parent and its fruit is also larger, earlier and of better quality.

Priesche Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882.

Listed but not described.

Prince. Species? 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:36. 1771.

Listed but not described by Knoop.

Prince Black Heart. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 471. 1869.

This variety was originated by William R. Prince, Flushing, New York. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit medium to large, cordate, slightly compressed; suture small; flesh purplish, rather tender, juicy, sweet; good to very good; ripens the last of June.