INDEX

Every reference is to the page: words in italics are names of genera or species; figures in italics indicate that the reference relates to systematic position; figures in thick type refer to an illustration; f. = and in following page or pages; n. = note.

Abalius, 312

Abdomen, of Malacostraca, 110; of Acantholithus, 178; of Birgus, 176; of Cenobita, 176; of Dermaturus, 178; of Hapalogaster, 178; of Lithodes, 178; of Pylopagurus, 178; of Trilobites, 235; of Scorpions, 297; of Pedipalpi, 309; of Spiders, 317; of Palpigradi, 422; of Solifugae, 426; of Pseudoscorpions, 431; of Podogona, 440; of Phalangidea, 440, 443; of Acarina, 457; of Pentastomida, 489; of Pycnogonida, 502

Abdominal glands, of Chernetidea, 432

Abyssal region (marine), 204; (lacustrine), 209

Acantheis, 418

Acanthephyra, 163

Acanthephyridae, 163

Acanthoctenus, 415

Acanthodon, 388

Acanthogammarus, 138

Acantholeberis, 53

Acantholithus, 181; A. hystrix, 178

Acanthophrynus, 313

Acari, 454 (= Acarina, q.v.)

Acaridea, 454 (= Acarina, q.v.)

Acarina, 258, 454 f.; parasitic, 455; external structure, 457; spinning organs, 457; internal structure, 459; metamorphosis, 462; classification, 464

Acaste, 249

Accola, 390

Acerocare, 247

Achelata, 529

Achelia, 534; A. longipes, 506

Achtheres, 75; A. percarum, 75

Acidaspidae, 251

Acidaspis, 226, 227, 230, 231, 235, 241, 251; A. dufrenoyi, 250; A. tuberculata, larva, 240; A. verneuili, 231; A. vesiculosa, 231

Aciniform glands, 335, 349

Acoloides saitidis, 367

Acroperus, 53; A. leucocephalus, 52

Acrosoma, 410

Acrothoracica, 92

Actaea, 191; habitat, 198

Actinopodinae, 387

Actinopus, 387

Aculeus, of scorpion, 303

Admetus, 313

Aegidae, 126

Aegisthus, 61

Aeglea laevis, 169; distribution, 212

Aegleidae, 169

Aeglina, 227, 249; Ae. prisca, 248

Agelena, 416; A. brunnea, 367; A. labyrinthica, 352, 353, 378, 380, 381, 416; A. naevia, 339

Agelenidae, 325, 352, 353, 415

Ageleninae, 416

Aggregate glands, 335, 349

Aglaspis, 279

Agnathaner, 66

Agnathonia, 529

Agnostidae, 244

Agnostini, 243

Agnostus, 222, 223, 225, 231, 234, 245; A. integer, 245

Agraulos, 247

Agroeca, 397; A. brunnea, cocoon, 358

Albunea, 171; respiration, 170; distribution, 201

Albuneidae, 171

Alcippe, 92; A. lampas, 92, 93

Alcock, on Oxyrhyncha, 192; on phosphorescence, 151

Alepas, 89

Alima, larva of Squilla, 143

Alimentary canal, of Crustacea, 14; of Phyllopoda, 28; of Cladocera, 42; of Squilla, 142; of Malacostraca, 110; of

544Trilobites, 222; of Arachnida, 256; of Limulus, 268; of Scorpions, 304; of Pedipalpi, 310; of Spiders, 329; of Solifugae, 427; of Pseudoscorpions, 134; of Phalangidea, 444; of Acarina, 459; of Tardigrada, 480; of Pentastomida, 491; of Pycnogous, 513

Alitropus (Aegidae), habitat, 211

Allman, on larvae of Pycnogons, 523

Alloptes, 466

Alona (including Leydigia, Alona, Harporhynchus, Graptoleberis), 53

Alonopsis, 53

Alpheidae, 163; habitat, 198

Alpheus, 163; reversal of regeneration, 156

Alveolus, of palpal organ of Spiders, 322

Amaurobius, 399; A. fenestralis, 399; A. ferox, 399; A. similis, 399; spinnerets, 326

Amblyocarenum, 388

Amblyomma, 470; A. hebraeum, 456, 470

Amblypygi, 312

Ammothea, 505, 534; A. achelioides, 534; A. brevipes, 541; A. echinata, 505, 509, 510, 534, 541, 542; A. fibulifera, 522, 534, 541; A. franciscana, 541; A. grandis, 534; A. hispida, 534, 535, 541; A. laevis, 541; A. longicollis, 533; A. longipes, 506, 534, 541; A. magnirostris, 534, 541; A. typhlops, 542; A. uniunguiculata, 534

Ammotheidae, 534

Amopaum, 452

Ampharthrandria, 61

Amphascandria, 57

Amphion, 251

Amphipoda, 136 f.; pelagic, 202; fresh water, 211

Ampullaceal glands, 335, 349

Ampycini, 243

Ampyx, 231, 245; A. roualti, 230

Anabiosis, in Tardigrada, 484

Analges, 455, 466

Analgesinae, 466

Ananteris, 306

Anaphia, 539

Anaspidacea, 115; distribution, 211, 217

Anaspidae, 89

Anaspides, 115, 117; relation to Schizopoda, 112; distribution, 211; A. tasmaniae, 115, 116; habitat, 211

Anaspididae, 115

Anelasma squalicola, 89

Anelasmocephalus, 452

Angelina, 247

Anisaspis bacillifera, 387

Anisopoda, 122

Anomalocera pattersoni, 60; distribution, 202, 203

Anomopoda, 51

Anomorhynchus, 532

Anomura, 167; relation to Thalassinidea, 167

Anoplodactylus, 511, 538; A. lentus, 524; A. neglectus, 539; A. oculatus, 542; A. petiolatus, 508, 510, 539, 541, 542; A. virescens, 540, 542

Anopolenus, 247

Antarctic zone (marine), 200

Antarctica, evidence on, 200, 217

Antennae, of Crustacea, 5, 8; of Phyllopoda, 24; of Cladocera, 37; of Copepoda, 55; of Cirripedia, 81 f.; of Ostracoda, 107; of Malacostraca, 110; of Anomura, 168; of Corystes cassivelaunus, 170, 183, 189; used in respiration, 170; of Trilobites, 237

Antennary gland, 13 (= green gland, q.v.)

Anthrobia, 406; A. mammouthia, 334, 366

Anthura, 124

Anthuridae, 124

Ants and spiders, 370

Anyphaena accentuata, 397

Aphantochilinae, 414

Aphantochilus, 414

Apoda, 94

Apodidae, 19, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 31, 36, 241

Aponomma, 470

Appendages (incl. legs, limbs), of Crustacea, 7; of Entomostraca, 18; of Phyllopoda, 24; of Cladocera, 40; of Copepoda, 55; of Cirripedia, 80 f.; of Ostracoda, 107; of Malacostraca, 110; of Nebalia, 111; of Eumalacostraca, 113; of Anaspides, 115; of Mysidacea, 118 f.; of Cumacea, 120; of Isopoda, 121 f.; of Amphipoda, 136 f.; of Stomatopoda, 142; of Euphausiacea, 144 f.; of Decapoda, 152; of Macrura, 153; of their larvae, 159; of Anomura, 167 f.; of Birgus, 175; of Brachyura, 181 f.; alterations caused by parasites, 100 f.; by hermaphroditism, 102 f.; of Trilobita, 236, 237; of Arachnida, 255 f.; of Limulus, 262, 263; of Eurypterus, 285 f.; of Scorpions, 301, 303; of Pedipalpi, 309; of Spiders, 319; of Palpigradi, 422; of Solifugae, 426; of Pseudoscorpions, 432; of Podogona, 440; of Phalangidea, 443; of Acarina, 458; of Tardigrada, 479; of Pentastomida, 493; of Pycnogons, 503 f.

Apseudes spinosus, 123

Apseudidae, 122

Apstein, 335

Apus, 21, 23, 25, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 221, 242, 243; segmentation, 6; A. australiensis, 36; A. cancriformis, 36; habitat, 34

Arachnida, introduction to, 255; segmentation of body, 255–6; primitive, 256–7; 545coxal glands, 257; endosternite, 257; sense-organs, 257; classification, 258

Araneae, 258, 314 f.

Araneida, 314

Araneina, 314

Araneus, 408 n.

Aratus pisonii, 195

Arbanitis, 388

Archaeolepas, 84; A. redtenbacheri, 84

Archea, 411; A. paradoxa, 383; A. workmani, 411

Archeidae, 321, 411

Archisometrus, 306

Arctic zone, 199

Arcturidae, 127

Arcturus, 127

Arcyinae, 410

Arcys, 410

Arethusina, 223, 230, 251; A. konincki, 250

Argas, 457, 469; A. persicus, 469; A. reflexus, 469

Argasidae, 469

Arges, 252

Argiope, 408; A. aurelia, 340, 379; A. bruennichi, 408; A. cophinaria, 349, 365; A. trifasciata, 408

Argiopidae, 406 n.

Argiopinae, 408

Argulidae, 76

Argulus foliaceus, 77

Argyrodes, 402; A. piraticum, 367; A. trigonum, 367

Argyrodinae, 402

Argyroneta, 336, 415; A. aquatica, 357, 415

Ariadna, 395

Ariamnes, 402; A. flagellum, 318

Arionellus, 247

Aristaeus, 162; A. crassipes, 159; A. coruscans, phosphorescence, 151

Armadillidium, 129

Artema, 401

Artemia, 23, 24, 35; A. fertilis, anal region, 23; head, 26; limb, 27; A. salina, 23, 33, 36; A. urmiana, 23

Arthrolycosa antiqua, 383

Arthropoda, 4; segmentation, 7; a natural group, 17

Arthrostraca, 121

Asagena, 404

Asaphellus, 249

Asaphidae, 249

Asaphini, 243

Asaphus, 222, 225, 227, 229, 235, 236, 249; A. cornigerus, 227; A. fallax, eye, 228; A. kowalewskii, 227; A. megistos, 236; A. platycephalus, 236

Ascidicola rosea, 66

Ascidicolidae, 66

Asconiscidae, 130

Ascorhynchus, 505, 533; A. abyssi, 506, 509, 519; A. cryptopygius, 513 n.; A. minutus, 517; A. ramipes, 513 n.

Ascothoracica, 93

Asellidae, 128

Asellota, 127

Asellus, 127; habitat, 209, 211; A. aquaticus, 127, 209; A. cavaticus, 209, 210; A. forelii, 209

Aspidoecia, 76

Astacidae, 157; distribution, 213, 216

Astacoides, 157; distribution, 213

Astacopsis, 157; distribution, 213; A. franklinii, 214

Astacus, 104, 157; appendages, 10; distribution, 213; hermaphroditism, 104

Astacus gammarus (= Homarus vulgaris), 154

Asterocheres violaceus, 67

Asterocheridae, 67

Asterope oblonga, 108

Astia, 421; A. vittata, 381

Astigmata, 465

Astridium, 540

Atax, 462, 472; A. alticola, 472; A. bonzi, 472

Atelecyclidae, 190

Atelecyclus, 191; respiration, 189

Atops, 247

Attidae, 376, 381, 419

Attus, 421; A. pubescens, 372, 421; A. saltator, 372, 421

Atya, 163

Atyephyra, 163; habitat, 210

Atyidae, 159, 163; distribution, 212

Atypidae, 390

Atypoides, 391

Atypus, 391; A. abboti, 356; A. affinis, 356, 391; A. beckii, 391

Auditory organ, of Anaspides, 116; of Decapoda, 153; of Mysidae, 119

Augaptilus filigerus, 59

Austrodecus glacialis, 535

Austroraptus polaris, 535

Autotomy, 155

Avicularia, 389

Aviculariidae, 316, 327, 386; bite of, 365; poisonous hairs of, 365

Aviculariinae, 389

Axial furrows, 223

Baglivi, 361

Baikal, Lake, Crustacea of, 212

Balanus, 91; B. porcatus, shell, 90; B. tintinnabulum, 91; anatomy, 90

Ballus variegatus, 420

Barana, 506, 513, 533; B. arenicola, 512, 513, 533; B. castelli, 512, 513 n., 533

Barnacles, origin of term, 79

Barrande, J., on development of Trilobites, 238; on their classification, 243

Barrandia, 249

Barrois, 435 n.

546Barrus, 429

Barychelinae, 389

Basse, on Tardigrada, 481

Baster, Job, 503

Bates, 373

Bathynomus giganteus, 126; habitat, 205

Bathynotus, 247

Bathyphantes, 406

Bdella lignicola, 471

Bdellidae, 458, 471

Beecher, C. E., on facial sutures of Agnostus and Olenellus, 225; on development of Trilobites, 238; on their classification, 243

Beetle-mites, 467

Beetle-parasites, 470

Belinurus, 275, 279; B. reginae, 278

Belisarius, 308

Belt, 368, 371

Beltina, 283 n.

Bernard, 311, 424, 426, 433 n., 434 n.

Bertkau, 323, 365, 395 n.

Beyrich, E., on facial suture of Trinucleus, 226

Billings, E., on appendages of Trilobites, 236

Bipolarity, 200

Birds and Spiders, 370

Birds’ feather Mites, 466

Birgus, 181; B. latro, habits, 174; structure, 175, 176

Black Corals, Cirripedia parasitic on, 93, 94

Blackwall, 348, 359 n., 365, 368, 385

Blindness, in Crustacea, 149, 209, 210; in Spiders, 334

Blood, haemoglobin supposed in, 30, 68

Boas, on classification of Malacostraca, 113

Boeckella, distribution, 216

Boeckia, 138

Böhmia, 535

Bolocera, Pycnogonum with, 524

Bolyphantes, 406

Bomolochidae, 71

Bomolochus, 71, 72

Bon, 360

Bont-tick, 456

Boophilus, 456, 469; B. australis, capitulum of, 468

Bopyridae, 130, 133

Bopyrina, 129, 130, 132

Bopyrus fougerouxi, 133; male, 133; adult female, 134

Bopyrus larva, of Bopyrina, 129, 133

Boreomysis, 120; B. scyphops, distribution, 201

Boreonymphon, 536; B. robustum, 506, 507, 511, 512, 542

Bosmina, 52, 53; occurrence in Southern hemisphere, 216; B. longirostris, habitat, 206

Bosminidae, 53; appendages, 41; alimentary canal, 42

Bothriuridae, 306, 308

Bothriurus, 308

Bouvier, 528 n.

Boys, 348, 360, 376

Brachybothrium, 391

Brachymetopus, 251

Brachythele, 390

Brachyura, 181; eyes, 150

Branchiae (= gills) of Crustacea, 16; of Decapoda, 152; of Limulus, 269; of Eurypterids, 288

Branchinecta, 25, 35; B. paludosa, 35; range, 34

Branchiopoda, 18 f.

Branchiopodopsis, 35; B. hodgsoni, 35

Branchiostegite, 152

Branchipodidae, 19, 22, 35, 241

Branchipus, 25, 35, 233, 242, 511 n.; thoracic limb, 10; nervous system, 30; B. spinosus, habitat, 33; B. stagnalis, 35; eggs, 32

Branchiura, 76

Brauer, on development of Scorpions, 263, 301 n., 305

Breeding (see Reproduction)

British forms, of Cladocera, 51; of Pycnogons, 540

Bronteidae, 249

Bronteus, 228, 235, 249; B. brongniarti, eye, 229; B. palifer, eye, 229; B. polyactin, hypostome, 233; B. irradians, macula, 233

Brood-pouch, of Cladocera, 46, 47; of Peracarida, 118

Broteas, 308

Broteochactas, 308

Brünnich, 502

Buckler, 330

Bucranium, 414

Bulb, of palpal organ of Spiders, 322

Bumastus, 235, 236, 249

Bunodella, 279

Bunodes, 279

Buthidae, 306

Buthinae, 306

Buthus, 306; B. occitanus, 299, 300, 302

Bythotrephes, 38, 54; reproduction, 47; B. cederströmii, 42

Cabiropsidae, 130

Caecidotea nickajackensis, habitat, 210; C. stygia, habitat, 210

Caeculinae, 472

Caeculus, 472

Calamistrum, 326, 354, 385, 392, 399, 410

Calanidae, 57

Calanus, 57; C. finmarchicus, distribution, 203, 204; C. hyperboreus, 55, 56, 58

Calappa, 187; respiration, 186; habitat, 198; distribution, 201; C. granulata, 186

547Calappidae, 187

Calathocratus, 452

Calathura brachiata (Anthuridae), Duplorbis parasitic on, 95

Calicurgus annulatus, 369

Caligidae, 73

Caligus nanus, 74; C. rapax, 74; C. lacustris, 74

Callianassa, 167; habitat, 198; C. subterranea, 167; gut, 14

Callianassidae, 167

Callinectes, 191; C. sapidus, 191

Calman, on classification of Crustacea, 112, 113

Calocalanus plumulosus, 58

Caloctenus, 418

Calommata, 391

Calymene, 225, 230, 235, 249; C. senaria, 236; C. tuberculata, 224

Calymenidae, 247

Calyptomera, 38, 51

Calyptopis, larva of Euphausia pellucida, 144

Cambaroides, distribution, 213

Cambarus, 157; hermaphroditism, 103; distribution, 213; C. stygius, distribution, 213

Camerostome, 452

Campbell, 327

Camptocercus, 53; C. macrurus, 48

Cancer, 191; C. pagurus, 191

Cancerilla, 68; C. tubulata, 68

Cancridae, 191

Candace, 60; C. pectinata, 60

Candacidae, 60

Candona, 107; C. reptans, 107

Canestrini, 464

Canthocamptus, 62; habitat, 206

Capitulum, of Cirripedia, 81; of Acarina, 457, 468, 471

Caponia natalensis, 395

Caponiidae, 395

Caponina, 395

Caprella acutifrons, 140; C. grandimana, 139

Caprellidae, 139

Carapace, of Phyllopoda, 19 f.; of Cladocera, 38; absence of, in Copepoda, 55; of Malacostraca, 114

Carcinoplacidae, 195

Carrinoscorpius, 277; C. rotundicauda, 277

Carcinus, 191; C. maenas, 188, 191; gut, 14; respiration, 189, 190; distribution, 198; Portunion parasitic in, 135; Sacculina parasitic on, 96

Cardisoma, 196; distribution, 201

Caridea, 158, 163; metamorphosis, 161

Caridina, 163; C. nilotica, distribution, 212

Carniola, caves of, 34

Carpenter, on segmentation of Arthropods, 6, 263; on affinities of Trilobites, 242; on Irish Pycnogons, 540

Caruncle, 470

Caspian Sea, Crustacea of, 215

Caspiocuma, 121

Catometopa, 193 f.; habits, 194, 195

Catophragmus, 91

Caudal organs, 311

Caullery, on Liriopsidae, 132 n.

Causard, 332

Cavanna, 520

Cecrops, 74

Cenobita, 181; relation to Birgus, 176

Cenobitidae, 181

Centropages hamatus, 203; C. typicus, distribution, 203

Centropagidae, 58

Centropelma, 416

Centropleura, 247

Centrurinae, 306

Centrurus, 306

Cephalic shield, 223

Cepheus ocellatus, 467

Cerataspis, 162

Ceratolichas, 252

Ceratopyge, 247

Cercophonius, 308

Ceriodaphnia, 37, 39, 51

Ceroma, 429

Chactas, 308

Chactidae, 306, 307

Chaerilidae, 306, 307

Chaerilus, 307

Chaetolepas, 89

Chaetonymphon, 536; C. hirtipes, 541; C. hirtum, 509, 541; C. macronyx, 506; C. spinosissimum, 541, 542; C. tenellum, 542

Chaetopelma, 389

Charontinae, 313

Chasmops, 249

Cheeks, of Trilobites, 223, 225

Cheese-mites, 466

Cheiracanthium, 397

Cheiruridae, 250

Cheirurus, 235, 251; C. insignia, 250; C. pleurexacanthus, 236

Chelicerae, of Xiphosura, 263 f.; of Eurypterida, 285; of Scorpions, 303; of Pedipalpi, 309; of Spiders, 319; of Palpigradi, 422; of Solifugae, 426; of Pseudoscorpions, 432; of Podogona, 439; of Phalangids, 443; of Acarina, 458

Chelifer, 436, 437; development, 435; C. cancroides, 437; C. cyrneus, 437; C. ferum 437

Chelifera, 122

Cheliferidae, 436

Chelophores, of Pycnogons, 505

Chernes, 432, 436, 437, 438

548Chernetes, 430

Chernetidea, 258, 430 f.

Cheyletinae, 473

Cheyletus, 458, 473

Chilaria, 260, 271, 287, 292

Chilobrachys, 390; C. stridulans, 328, 329

Chilophoxus, 539

Chiltonia, 139; distribution, 217

Chiridium, 432, 436, 437; C. museorum, 437

Chirocephalus, 35; C. diaphanus, 20, 24, 25, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35

Chlorodinus, habitat, 198

Chlorodius, 191

Chondracanthidae, 72

Chondracanthus zei, 72

Choniostoma, 76

Choniostomatidae, 76

Chthonius, 436, 438

Chun, on phosphorescence and eyes, 150

Chydorus, 54

Cilunculus, 535

Circulatory (= vascular) system, of Crustacea, 11; of Arachnids, 256; of Limulus, 268 f.; of Tardigrada, 482; of Pentastomida, 491; of Pycnogons, 516

Cirolana, 126

Cirripedia, 79 f.; metamorphosis, 80; anatomy, 83; sex, 87, 105

Cladocera, 19, 37 f.; carapace, 38; dorsal organ, 39; appendages, 40 f.; alimentary canal, 42; heart, 43; reproduction, 43–50; British genera, 51–54; extra-European, 54; pelagic, 207, 208

Claparède, 331, 462 n.

Clarke, J. M., on the eye of Calymene senaria, 229; of Harpes, 231

Claus, on Copepoda, 55; on Nebalia, 111; on discovery of metamorphosis of Decapods, 153 n.; on Pycnogonida, 527

Claw-tufts, 389

Clerck, 384, 408 n.

Clibanarius, 181

Clotenia conirostre, 541

Clubiona, 337, 368, 397; C. compta, 397; C. corticalis, 396, 397

Clubioninae, 397

Clypeus, 316

Clytemnestra, 61

Coelotes atropos, 416

Cole, 520, 524, 525, 528 n.

Colossendeis, 505, 532; C. angusta, 542; C. australis, 533; C. gibbosa, 534; C. gigas, 532; C. gracilis, 505 n.; C. proboscidea, 505, 508, 510, 533, 542

Colour, adaptation in, of Crustacea, 159

Colulus, 317, 319

Commensalism, of Hermit-crabs, 172; of Pinnotheres, 195

Complemental males, of Cirripedes, 83, 86, 99, 106

Conchoderma, 88; C. virgata, 88

Conocephalidae, 247

Conocoryphe, 231, 247; C. sulzeri, 248

Conocoryphidae, 247

Conolichas, 252

Conothele, 388

Constantia (Macrohectopus), 138; occurrence, 212

Cook, 425 n.

Copepoda, 55 f.; fresh-water, 59, 62; pelagic, 202; life-cycle of fresh-water, 209

Copilia vitrea, 69, 70

Cordylochele, 506, 537; C. longicollis, 507; C. malleolata, 542

Corniger hilgendorfi, 535

Coronula diadema, 91

Corophiidae, 139

Corophium, 139

Corycaeidae, 69

Corystes, 188, 190; habitat, 198; C. cassivelaunus, respiration, 170, 189; metamorphosis, 182, 183

Corystidae, 190

Cosmetidae, 449

Costa, da, 221

Coxal glands, 257; of Limulus, 270; of Scorpions, 306; of Pedipalpi, 311; of Spiders, 337

Coxopodite, of Trilobites, 237

Crab, Hermit-, 171–173; River-, 214; Robber-, 174; Shore-, 188, 189, 198; Edible, 188; Spider-, 191; Land-, 195; enemies of, 192

Crab-spiders, 412 (= Thomisidae, q.v.)

Crangon, 164; C. antarcticus, distribution, 200; C. franciscorum, distribution, 200; C. vulgaris, 158, 164; distribution, 199

Crangonidae, 164; distribution, 199

Crangonyx, 138

Crayfish, 154, 157; distribution, 213, 215

Crevettina, 137

Cribellatae, 324, 385, 386 n.

Cribellum, 326, 354, 385, 386, 392, 398, 410

Croneberg, 460

Cruregens, 124; C. fontanus, habitat, 210

Crustacea, organisation, 1 f.; segmentation, 5; appendages, 8 f.; body-cavity and coelom, 11; kidneys, 13; alimentary canal, 14; reproductive organs, 15; respiratory organs, 16; compound eyes, 146; growth and sex in, 100; metabolism, 104; distribution, 197; pelagic, 202, 207; littoral, 197, 206; abyssal, 204, 209; fresh-water, 205; subterranean and cave, 209

Crustacés aranéiformes, 501 n.

Cryphaeus, 249

Cryphoeca, 416

Cryptocellus, 439; C. simonis, 439

549Cryptocerus, 414

Cryptoniscidae, 130

Cryptoniscina, 129, 130

Cryptoniscus, larva of Epicarida, 129, 131, 132

Cryptophialus, 92; C. minutus, 92, 93; C. striatus, 93

Cryptostemma westermannii, 439

Cryptostemmatidae, 440

Cryptothele, 400

Ctenidae, 418

Cteninae, 418

Cteniza, 388; C. ariana, 355

Ctenizinae, 388

Ctenocephalus, 247

Ctenophora, 412

Ctenopoda, 51

Ctenopyge, 232, 247

Ctenus, 418

Cucullus, 440

Cuma, 121

Cumacea, 114, 120; of the Caspian, 215

Cumidae, 121

Cyamidae, 140

Cyamus ceti, 140

Cybaeinae, 415

Cybele, 251

Cyclaspis, 121

Cyclestheria, 37; C. hislopi, 37

Cyclodorippe dromioides, eyes, 149

Cyclograpsus, 196; distribution, 200

Cyclometopa, 188 f.; respiration, 189, 190

Cyclopidae, 61, 62; subterranean, 209

Cyclops, 62; C. fuscus, habitat, 207; C. strenuus, habitat, 207, 208; C. stygius, habitat, 210

Cyclosa conica, 409

Cyclosternum, 389

Cydrela, 399

Cymodoce, 126

Cymonomus, 188; C. granulatus, 185; eyes, 149, 186; C. normani, 186; C. quadratus, 186

Cymothoa, 126; habitat, 211

Cymothoidae, 126

Cyphaspis, 251

Cyphophthalmi, 443, 444, 447

Cypridae, 107; subterranean, 209

Cypridinidae, 108

Cypris, 107; C. reptans, parthenogenesis, 108

Cypris larva, of Cirripedia, 80, 82; of Sacculina, 97, 99

Cyrtauchenius, 388; C. elongatus, funnel of, 356

Cythere dictyon, 108

Cytherellidae, 109

Cytheridae, 107

Dactylopisthes digiticeps, 405

Dactylopus tisboides, 62

Daesia, 429

Daesiinae, 429

Dajidae, 130

Dalmanites, 249; D. imbricatulus, eye, 228; D. limulurus, 250; D. socialis, larvae, 240

Danalia curvata, 130, 131, 132

Daphnella, 51; testes, 44

Daphnia, 37, 38, 39, 51; ovary, 45, 48; D. magna, 50; D. obtusa, 51

Daphniidae, 51; appendages, 40; alimentary canal, 42; reproduction, 48; reactions, 50

Darwin, on Cirripedia, 80, 85, 86, 92, 94

Dasylobus, 450

Decapoda, 152 f.; systematic position, 114; alimentary canal, 14; pelagic, 202; subterranean, 210; Rhizocephala parasitic on, 95, 101; Bopyridae parasitic on, 133

Dechenella, 251

Decolopoda, 504, 529, 532; D. antarctica, 532; D. australis, 531, 532

Decolopodidae, 531

Defective orb-webs, 349

Deiphon, 235, 251; D. forbesi, 250

Delena, 414

Delobranchiata, 258, 259 f.

Demodex, 465; D. folliculorum, 465

Demodicidae, 455, 465

Dendrogaster astericola, 94

Dermacentor, 469

Dermanyssinae, 471

Dermanyssus avium, 471

Dermaturus, 181; D. hispidus, 178

Desis, 415

Deutovum, 462

Development, of Monstrillidae, 64; of Cirripedia, 80; of Rhizocephala, 96; of Epicarida, 130; of Stomatopoda, 142; of Shrimps and Prawns, 159; of Loricata, 165; of Hermit-Crabs, 179; of Brachyura, 181; of Trilobites, 238 f.; of Limulus, 275; of Scorpio, 305; of Pseudoscorpions, 434; of Mites, 462; of Tardigrada, 483; of Pentastomida, 493; of Pycnogons, 520

Diaea, 412; D. dorsata, 413

Diaphragm, of Solifugae, 427

Diaptomus, 59; distribution, 208, 216; D. caeruleus, habitat, 208; D. castor, habitat, 206; D. gracilis, habitat, 206

Diastylidae, 121

Diastylis, 121; D. goodsiri, 121; D. stygia, 120

Dichelaspis, 88

Dichelestiidae, 68; classification, 63

Dichelestium, 68

Dick, 363

Dicranogmus, 252

Dicranolasma, 452

Dictyna, 398; D. arundinacea, 399; D. uncinata, 399

550Dictynidae, 352, 353, 398

Digestive system, = alimentary canal, q.v.

Dikelocephalus, 247

Dimorphism, high and low; in Decapoda, 103; in Tanaids, 123

Dindymene, 251

Dinopinae, 410

Dinopis, 410

Dinorhax, 429

Diogenes, 181

Dionide, 245

Diphascon, 485; D. alpinum, 487; D. angustatum, 487; D. bullatum, 487; D. chilenense, 486, 487; D. oculatum, 487; D. scoticum, 487; D. spitzbergense, 487

Diplocentrinae, 306, 307

Diplocentrus, 307

Diplocephalus bicephalus, 405

Diplostichous eyes, 301

Diplura, 390

Diplurinae, 390

Dipoena, 403

Discoarachne, 512, 535

Distribution, of Crustacea, 197 f.; (stratigraphical) of Trilobites, 222

Doflein, on eyes of deep-sea Crustacea, 148, 150

Dohrn, 504, 513, 519

Doleschall, 365

Dolichopterus, 283, 291

Doliomelus, 415

Dolomedes fimbriatus, 416

Dolops, 78

Domed webs, 350

Donachochara, 406

Donnadieu, 457

Dorippe, 185, 188

Dorippidae, 188

Doropygus, 66; D. pulex, 66

Dorsal organ, of Phyllopoda, 22; of Cladocera, 39

Doublure, 232

Doyère, on Tardigrada, 481; on their systematic position, 483

Doyeria, 485; D. simplex, 480, 487

Drassidae, 324, 396

Drassinae, 396

Drassus, 397; D. lapidosus, 396, 397

Drepanothrix, 53

Dromia, 184; D. vulgaris, 184

Dromiacea, 183; metamorphosis, 182; relation to Macrura, 184; habitat, 198

Dromidia, distribution, 200

Dromiidae, 184

Drymusa, 393

Dufour, 385

Dujardin, 464 n.; on systematic position of Tardigrada, 483

Duplorbis, 95; D. calathurae, 99

Dynomene, 184

Dynomenidae, 184

Dysdera, 394; D. cambridgii, 394; D. crocota, 395

Dysderidae, 317, 319, 336, 394

Dysderina, 394

Dysderinae, 394

Ebalia, 188

Echiniscoides, 485; E. sigismundi, 477, 486

Echiniscus, 480, 485; E. arctomys, 486; E. gladiator, 486; E. granulatus, 486; E. islandicus, 486; E. muscicola, 486; E. mutabilis, 486; E. oihonnae, 486; E. quadrispinosus, 486; E. reticulatus, 486; E. spinulosus, 479; E. spitzbergensis, 486; E. testudo, 478; E. wendti, 486

Echinoderms, Dendrogaster parasitic on, 94

Echinognathus, 283

Ecribellatae, 385

Ectatosticta davidi, 393

Ectinosoma, 62

Edriophthalmata, 112, 121

Eggs, of Phyllopoda, 32; of Cladocera, 44; of Copepoda, 59, 62, 66, 67, 71, 74; of Branchiura, 77; of Syncarida, 114; of Peracarida, 123; of Hoplocarida, 141; of Eucarida, 144; of Trilobites, 238; of Limulus, 275; of Pedipalpi, 309; of Spiders, 358; of Solifugae, 424; of Pseudoscorpions, 434; of Phalangidea, 442; of Acarina, 456; of Tardigrada, 478; of Pentastomida, 493; of Pycnogons, 520

Ehrenberg, on systematic position of Tardigrada, 483

Eleleis crinita, 396

Ellipsocephalus, 224, 235, 247; E. hoffi, 248

Embolobranchiata, 258, 259, 297 f.

Emmerich, on facial suture of Trinucleus, 226

Encephaloides, 193; E. armstrongi, 192, 193; habitat, 205

Encrinuridae, 251

Encrinurus, 227, 235, 251

Endeis didactyla, 534; E. gracilis, 539; E. spinosus, 541

Endite, 9, 10

Endopodite, 9, 10; of Trilobites, 237

Endosternite, 257, 305, 330

Endostoma, of Eurypterus, 287

Engaeus, 157; E. fossor, distribution, 213

Enoplectenus, 418

Enterocola, 67; E. fulgens, 67

Entomostraca, defined, 6; diagnosis, 18; of littoral zone, 197; fresh-water, of southern hemisphere, 216

Entoniscidae, 130, 134

Enyo, 400

Enyoidae, 399

551Eoscorpius, 298

Epeira, 409; E. angulata, 315, 409; E. basilica, 350, 351; web of, 351; E. bifurcata, 359; E. caudata, 359; E. cornuta, 409; E. cucurbitina, 372, 409; E. diademata, 335, 340, 343, 345, 359, 366, 380, 409; anatomy, 332; cocoon, 358; silk, 360; spinnerets, 325; E. labyrinthea, 350; E. madagascarensis, 360; E. mauritia, 349; E. pyramidata, 409; E. quadrata, 366, 409; E. triaranea, 350; E. umbratica, 409

Epeiridae, 376, 377, 406

Epeirinae, 408

Ephippium, 48

Epiblemum, 420

Epicarida, 129; sex in, 105

Epicaridian, larva of Epicarida, 130

Epicoxite, of Eurypterus, 287

Epidanus, 449

Epigyne, 319, 333, 378

Epipharynx, 459

Epipodite, 9, 10

Episininae, 402

Episinus truncatus, 403

Epistome, of Eurypterida, 291; of Pseudoscorpions, 431, 436; of Phalangidea, 443

Erber, 355, 356

Eremobates, 429

Eremobatinae, 429

Eresidae, 398

Eresus cinnaberinus, 398

Eriauchenus, 411

Erichthoidina, larva of Stomatopod, 143

Ericthus, larva of Stomatopod, 143

Erigone, 405

Erigoninae, 404

Eriophyes, 465; E. ribis, 455, 465; E. tiliae, 465

Eriophyidae, 464

Eriphia, 191; E. spinifrons, 191

Erlanger, von, on development and position of Tardigrada, 483

Ero, 411; E. furcata, 366, 411; cocoon, 358; E. tuberculata, 412

Eryonidae, 158; habitat, 204

Eryonidea, 157

Erythraeinae, 473

Estheria, 21, 22, 23, 36; E. gubernator and E. macgillivrayi, habitat, 33; E. tetraceros, 36

Eucarida, 114, 144 f.

Euchaeta norwegica, 58

Eucopepoda, 57 f.

Eucopia australis, 119

Eucopiidae, 113, 114, 118

Eudendrium, Pycnogons on, 520

Eudorella, 121

Eukoenenia, 423; E. augusta, 423; E. florenciae, 423; E. grassii, 423

Eulimnadia, 36; E. mauritani, 36; E. texana, 36

Euloma, 230

Eumalacostraca, 112 f.

Eupagurinae, 180

Eupagurus, 180; E. bernhardus, commensalism, 172; distribution, 199; E. excavatus, parasitic castration of, 101; E. longicarpus, metamorphosis, 179; E. prideauxii, commensalism, 172; E. pubescens, distribution, 199

Euphausia pellucida, 145, 146

Euphausiacea, 144

Euphausiidae, 113, 114, 144; larval history, 145; eyes, 150

Eupodes, 471

Euproöps, 278

Eurycare, 232, 247

Eurycercus, 53; alimentary canal, 42; E. lamellatus, habitat, 207

Eurycide, 505, 533; E. hispida, 506, 507, 533

Eurycididae, 533

Eurydium, 485

Euryopis, 404

Eurypelma, 389; E. hentzii, 361, 370

Euryplax, 195

Eurypterida, 258, 278, 283 f.

Eurypteridae, 290 f.

Eurypterus, 283 f., 290, 291, 292; E. fischeri, 284, 286, 289

Eurytemora, 59; E. affinis, habitat, 206

Eusarcus, 283, 291

Euscorpiinae, 308

Euscorpius, 298, 308; E. carpathicus, 299

Eusimonia, 429

Euterpe acutifrons, 61, 61; distribution, 203

Euthycoelus, 389

Evadne, 54; young, 47

Excretory system (including Renal organs), in Crustacea, 12; in Arachnids, 257; in Limulus, 270; in Tardigrada, 481; in Pentastomida, 491

Exner, on mosaic vision, 148

Exopodite, 9, 10; of Trilobites, 237

Eyes, compound, of Crustacea, 146, 147; physiology of, 148; of deep-sea Crustacea, 149; connexion with phosphorescent organs, 151; regeneration of, 6; of Trilobites, 227 f., 228; of Limulus, 271; of Eurypterida, 285; of Scorpions, 301; of Pedipalpi, 309; of Spiders, 315, 334; of Solifugae, 426; of Pseudoscorpions, 431; of Phalangidea, 442; of Acarina, 458; of Pycnogons, 517

Fabre, on habits of Spiders, 298 f.; of Tarantula, 361 f.; on Wasp v. Spider, 368 f.

Facet, of Trilobites, 235

Facial suture, 225 f., 232

Falanga, 424

False articulations, 444

552False-scorpions, 430

Fecenia, 399

Filistata, 391; F. capitata, 392; F. testacea, 392

Filistatidae, 319, 336, 391

Finger-keel, 303

Fixed cheek, 225, 226, 227

Flabellifera, 124 f.

Flabellum, 270

Flacourt, 363

Flagellum, in Solifugae, 426, 428; in Pseudoscorpions, 433

Forbes, 374

Ford, S. W., on development of Trilobites, 238

Forel, on Lake of Geneva, 206

Formicina, 405

Formicinae, 405

Formicinoides brasiliana, 318

Fragilia, 535

Free cheek, 225, 226, 227

Fresh-water, Crustacea, 205 f.; Spiders, 357

Furcilia (Metazoaea), larva of Euphausia, 145

Fusulae, 325, 335

Galathea, 169, 170; G. intermedia, Pleurocrypta parasitic on, 133; G. strigosa, 170; gut of, 15

Galatheidae, 169

Galatheidea, 169

Galea, 433, 436

Galena, 412

Galeodes, 429, 527; nervous system, 428; chelicera, 429; G. arabs, 425; G. araneoides, 425

Galeodidae, 428

Gall-mites, 455, 464

Gamasidae, 470

Gamasinae, 470

Gamasus, 460, 461, 463, 470; G. coleoptratorum, 470; G. crassipes, 470; G. terribilis, 461

Gammaridae, 138

Gammarus, 137, 138; of Lake Baikal, 212; of Australia, 216; G. locusta, 138, 138; G. pulex, 138

Gampsonyx, 115, 118

Garstang, on respiration of crabs, 186 n.

Garypinae, 436, 437

Garypus, 431, 436, 437, 438; chelicera, 432; G. littoralis, 430

Gaskell, 270, 277, 334

Gasteracantha, 410; G. minax, 410

Gasteracanthinae, 317, 409

Gastrodelphys, 73

Gastrolith, of Lobster, 155

Gaubert, 525 n.

Gebia littoralis, 167

Gecarcinidae, 196

Gecarcinus, 194, 195, 196

Gegenbaur, 523

Gelanor, 411, 412

Gelasimus, 194, 196; habitat, 198; distribution, 210; G. annulipes, 194

Genal angle, 225

Gené, 461

Genital operculum, of Eurypterida, 288, 289, 291

Genysa, 388

Gerardia, Laura parasitic on, 93

Geryon, 195

Giardella callianassae, 73

Gibocellidae, 448

Gibocellum sudeticum, 447

Giesbrecht, on Copepoda, 57; on phosphorescence, 59

Gigantostraca, 258, 283 f.

Gill-book, 270

Glabella, 223

Glabella-furrows, 223

Glands, of Tardigrada, 481; of Pentastomida, 490, 491; of Pycnogons, 511; coxal, of Arachnids, 257, 270, 337; green, of Malacostraca, 110; poison-, of Arachnids, 337, 360; spinning, of Spiders, 335; of Pseudoscorpions, 434

Glaucothoe, larva of Eupagurus, 179, 180

Gluvia, 429

Glycyphagus, 466; G. palmifer, 466; G. plumiger, 466

Glyphocrangon, 164; G. spinulosa, 158, 164

Glyphocrangonidae, 164

Glyptoscorpius, 283, 291, 294

Gmelina, 138

Gmogala scarabaeus, 394

Gnamptorhynchus, 533

Gnaphosa, 397

Gnathia maxillaris, 124; life-history of 125

Gnathiidae, 124

Gnathobase, 10, 264

Gnathophausia, 119, 256 n.; maxillipede of, 10

Gnathostomata, 56

Gnosippus, 429

Goldsmith, 362

Gonads, = reproductive organs, q.v.

Gonodactylus, 143; G. chiragra, 143

Gonoplacidae, 195

Gonoplax, 195; G. rhomboides, 195

Gonyleptidae, 442, 448, 449

Goodsir, Harry, 535, 540

Gordius, parasitic in Spiders, 368

Gossamer, 342

Graells, 364

Graeophonus, 309

Graff, von, on position of Tardigrada, 483

Grapsidae, 193, 195; habitat, 198, 201

Graptoleberis, 53

Grassi, 422

Green gland, 110 (= antennary gland, q.v.)

Gregarious Spiders, 340

553Grenacher, 517

Griffithides, 251

Gruvel, on Cirripedia, 80, 86

Guérin-Méneville, 439

Gurney, on Copepoda, 62; on Brachyuran metamorphosis, 181 n.

Gyas, 450

Gylippus, 429

Gymnolepas, 89

Gymnomera, 38, 54

Gymnoplea, 57

Hadrotarsidae, 394

Hadrotarsus babirusa, 394

Haeckel, on plankton, 203

Haemaphysalis, 469

Haematodocha, 322

Haemocera, 64; H. danae, life-history, 64, 65

Haemocoel, 5, 11

Hahnia, 325, 416

Hahniinae, 416

Halacaridae, 472

Halocypridae, 108

Halosoma, 539

Hannonia typica, 533

Hansen, on Choniostomatidae, 76; on Cirripede Nauplii, 94; on classification of Malacostraca, 113

Hansen and Sörensen, 422, 439, 443, 448

Hapalogaster, 181; H. cavicauda, 178

Hapalogasterinae, 181

Harpactes hombergii, 395

Harpacticidae, 61, 62; habitat, 206

Harpedidae, 245

Harpes, 225, 226, 230, 231, 234, 246; H. ungula, 248; H. vittatus, eyes, 228

Harporhynchus, 53

Harvest-bugs, 454, 473

Harvestmen, 440, = Phalangidea, q.v.

Harvest-spiders, 440, = Phalangidea, q.v.

Harvesters, 440, = Phalangidea, q.v.

Hasarius falcatus, 421

Haustellata, 501 n.

Haustoriidae, 137

Haustorius arenarius, 137

Hay, on name Lydella, 486 n.

Heart, of Phyllopoda, 29; of Cladocera, 43; of Nebalia, 112; of Syncarida, 115; of Peracarida, 118; of Isopoda, 122; of Danalia, 132; of Amphipoda, 136; of Squilla, 142; of Eucarida, 144; of Limulus, 268; of Scorpions, 305; of Pedipalpi, 311; of Spiders, 331; of Solifugae, 427; of Pseudoscorpions, 434; of Phalangidea, 445; of Acarina, 460; of Pycnogons, 516

Heart-water, 470

Hedley, on home of cocoa-nut, 174

Heligmonerus, 388

Heller, 455

Hemeteles fasciatus, 367; H. formosus, 367

Hemiaspis, 278; H. limuloides, 278

Hemioniscidae, 130

Hemiscorpion lepturus, 307

Hemiscorpioninae, 306, 307

Henking, 447, 460

Hentz, 367

Herbst, on regeneration of eye, 6 n.

Hermacha, 388

Hermaphroditism, 15; caused by parasite, 101, 102; partial and temporary, 102; normal, 105; in Cymothoidae, 126; in Isopoda Epicarida, 129; in Entoniscidae, 135; in Caprella, 140

Hermippus, 317, 399; H. loricatus, 400

Hermit-crab, 167, 171; commensalism, 172; reacquisition of symmetry, 173; regeneration of limbs, 156

Hermit-lobster, 167

Herrick, on the Lobster, 154

Hersilia (Araneae), 401; H. caudata, 400

Hersiliidae (Araneae), 326, 400

Hersiliidae (Copepoda), 73

Hersiliola, 401

Heterarthrandria, 58

Heterocarpus alphonsi (Pandalidae), phosphorescence, 151

Heterochaeta papilligera, 60

Heterocope, 59

Heterogammarus, 138

Heterometrus, 307

Heterophrynus, 313

Heteropoda venatoria, 414

Heterostigmata, 471

Heterotanais, 123

Hexameridae, 91

Hexathele, 390

Hexisopodidae, 429

Hexisopus, 429, 429

Hexura, 391

Hippa, 171; H. emerita, distribution, 202

Hippidae, 171

Hippidea, 170; habitat, 198

Hippolyte, 164; distribution, 200; H. varians, 164

Hippolytidae, 164; distribution, 199

Hodge, George, 523, 540

Hodgson, 508

Hoek, on Cirripedia, 80; on Pycnogons, 505, 512, 513

Holm, G., on Agnostus, 225; on Eurypterus, 285 n.

Holmia, 236, 242, 247; H. kjerulfi, 242, 246

Holochroal eye, 228

Holopediidae, 51

Holopedium, 38, 51

Homalonotus, 222, 249; H. delphinocephalus, 223

Homarus, 154; habitat, 200; excretory

554glands, 13; H. americanus, 154; H. vulgaris, 154

Homoeoscelis, 76

Homola, 184; distribution, 205

Homolidae, 184

Homolodromia, 184; H. paradoxa, resemblance to Nephropsidae, 184

Hood, of Phalangidea, 442, 452

Hoplocarida, 114, 141

Hoploderma, 468; H. magnum, 467

Hoplophora, 468

Horse-foot crab, = Limulus, q.v.

Hoyle, on classification of Pentastomids, 495

Hughmilleria, 283, 290, 292

Humboldt, on Porocephalus, 488 n.

Hutton, 424

Huttonia, 398

Hyale, 139

Hyalella, 137, 139; distribution, 211, 217

Hyalomma, 469

Hyas, 192, 193; distribution, 200

Hyctia nivoyi, 421

Hydrachnidae, 472

Hydractinia, Pycnogons on, 523

Hydrallmania, Pycnogons on, 524

Hymenocaris, 112

Hymenodora, 163

Hymenosoma, 193; distribution, 200

Hymenosomatidae, 193

Hyperina, 140

Hypochilidae, 393

Hypochilus, 336, 393; H. thorelli, 393

Hypoctonus, 312

Hypoparia, 243

Hypopus, 463

Hypostome, of Trilobites, 233, 237; of Bronteus, 233; of Acarina, 469

Hyptiotes, 349, 411; H. cavatus, snare, 350; H. paradoxus, 350, 411

Iasus, 165, 167; distribution, 200

Ibacus, 167

Ibla, 88; I. cumingii, 88; I. quadrivalvis, 88, 89

Ichneumon flies, and Spiders, 367

Icius, 421; I. mitratus, 382

Idiops, 388

Idothea, habitat, 211

Idotheidae, 127

Ihle, J. E. W., 526 n.

Ilia, 188; I. nucleus, 188; respiration, 187

Illaenus, 229, 231, 235, 249; I. dalmanni, 248

Ilyocryptus, 40, 53

Inachus, 192, 193; I. mauritanicus, Sacculina parasitic on, 97 f.; parasitic castration in, 101; temporary hermaphroditism of, 103; Danalia and Sacculina parasitic on, 131

Integument, of Pycnogons, 518

Irregular Spider-snares, 351

Ischnocolus, 389

Ischnothele dumicola, 390

Ischnurinae, 306, 307

Ischnurus ochropus, 307

Ischnyothyreus, 394

Ischyropsalidae, 451

Ischyropsalis, 444, 451

Isokerandria, 69 f.

Isometrus europaeus, 306

Isopoda, 121 f., 242

Ixodes, 469; I. ricinus, 469

Ixodidae, 469

Ixodoidea, 455, 462, 468

Janulus, 403

Jaworowski, on vestigial antennae in a Spider, 263

Johnston, George, 540

Jumping-Spiders, 419

Karshia, 429

Karshiinae, 429

Katipo, 363, 403

King-crab, =Limulus, q.v.

Kingsley, on Trilobites, 239, 243 n.; on breeding habits of Limulus, 271

Kishinouye, on Limulus, 274, 275

Klebs, on the frequency of human Pentastomids, 494

Knight Errant, 540

Koch, C., 397 n.

Koch, L., 397 n.

Kochlorine, 92; K. hamata, 93

Koenenia, 422, 527, 528; K. mirabilis, 423

Koltzoff, 15

König, 524

Koonunga cursor, 117; distribution, 211

Koonungidae, 117

Korschelt and Heider, on neuromeres in Arachnids, 263

Kowalevsky, 513

Kraepelin, 303, 306, 312 n., 428

Kramer, 460

Kröyer, 504, 526

Labdacus, 418

Labochirus, 312

Labrum, of Trilobites, 233

Labulla, 406

Laches, 399

Lachesis, 399

Lacinia mobilis, 114

Laemodipoda, 139

Laenger, on the frequency of human Pentastomids, 494

Lakes, characters of fauna of, 206; English, 207, 208; Baikal, 212; Great Tasmanian, 216

Lambrus, 192, 193; L. miersi, 193

555Lamproglena, 68

Lampropidae, 121

Lamprops, 121

Langouste, 165

Laniatores, 448

Lankester, on Crustacean limb, 9; on classification of Arachnids, 258, 277; on Limulus, 274, 305

Laophonte littorale, 62; L. mohammed, 62

Laseola, 404

Lathonura, 53

Latona, 51

Latreille, 385, 408 n., 412, 504, 526

Latreillia, 185; distribution, 205

Latreillopsis, 185; L. petterdi, 185

Latreutes ensiferus, habitat, 202

Latrodectus, 362, 403; L. 13–guttatus, 364, 403; L. mactans, 362, 363, 403; L. scelio, 403

Laura, 93; L. gerardiae, 93

Laurie, 309 n., 310, 311

Leach, 526

Lecythorhynchus armatus, 535

Leeuwenhoek, on desiccation in Tardigrada, 484

Leionymphon, 534

Lendenfeld, von, 512, 523

Lepas, 87; metamorphosis, 80; anatomy, 82; L. australis, Cypris, 82; L. fascicularis, Nauplius, 81; L. pectinata, pupa, 82

Lephthyphantes, 327, 406

Lepidurus, 23, 24, 36; heart, 29; L. glacialis, range, 34; L. patagonicus, 36; L. productus, 36; carapace, 20; telson, 23; L. viridis, 36

Leptestheria, 36; L. siliqua, 37

Leptochela, 163

Leptochelia, 122; L. dubia, dimorphism, 123

Leptoctenus, 418

Leptodora, 54; appendages, 42; alimentary canal, 43; ovary, 44, 45; L. hyalina, 54

Leptodoridae, 54

Leptoneta, 393

Leptonetidae, 393

Leptopelma, 389

Leptoplastus, 247

Leptostraca, 111, 242; defined, 6; segmentation, 7

Lernaea, 74; L. branchialis, 74, 75

Lernaeascus, 73

Lernaeidae, 74

Lernaeodiscus, 95

Lernaeopoda salmonea, 76

Lernaeopodidae, 75

Lernanthropus, 68; blood, 30, 68

Lernentoma cornuta, 72

Leuckart, on Pentastomida, 490, 492; on development of, 494; on sub-genera of, 495

Leuckartia flavicornis, 59

Leucon, 121

Leuconidae, 121

Leucosia, 188

Leucosiidae, 188; respiration, 187; habitat, 199

Leydigia, 53

Lhwyd, Edward, on Trilobites, 221

Lichadidae, 252

Lichas, 222, 252

Lichomolgidae, 70

Lichomolgus, 71; L. agilis, 71; L. albeus, 71

Ligia oceanica, 128

Ligidium, 129

Lilljeborg, on Cladocera, 51 n.

Limnadia, 21, 22, 36; L. lenticularis, 22, 36

Limnadiidae, 20, 23, 28, 29, 36

Limnetis, 20, 21, 22, 36; L. brachyura, 21, 24, 36

Limnocharinae, 472

Limnocharis aquaticus, 472

Limulus, 256, 292; nervous system, 257; classification, 260, 276; segmentation, 260, 261, 262, 266, 270, 272; appendages, 263; habits, 265, 271; food, 267; digestive system, 268; circulatory system, 268; respiratory system, 269; excretory system, 270; nervous system, 270, 272; eggs and larvae, 274, 275; ecdysis, 274; used as food, 275–6; affinities, 277; fossil, 277; L. gigas, 276; L. hoeveni, 277; L. longispina, 264, 274; L. moluccanus, 264, 274, 276, 277; L. polyphemus, 261, 262, 264, 271; L. rotundicauda, 275, 277; L. tridentatus, 276

Lindström, on facial suture of Agnostus and Olenellus, 225; on eyes of Trilobites, 228 f.; on blind Trilobites, 231 f.; on maculae of Trilobites, 233

Lingua, 459

Linguatula, 488 n., 495; L. pusilla, 496; L. recurvata, 496; L. subtriquetra, 496; L. taenioides, 489, 492, 493, 494, 496; frequency of, 489; larvae of, 489, 494; hosts of, 496

Linnaeus, 408 n., 502

Linyphia, 406; L. clathrata, 406; L. marginata, 406; L. montana, 406; L. triangularis, 406

Linyphiinae, 405

Liobunum, 447, 450

Liocraninae, 397

Liocranum, 397

Liphistiidae, 386

Liphistioidae, 383

Liphistius, 317, 383, 385, 386; L. desultor, 386

Liriopsidae, 130

Lispognathus thompsoni, eyes, 149

556Lister, M., 341, 342

Lithodes, 181; L. maia, 176, 177, 178

Lithodidae, 181; evolution of, 176 f.

Lithodinae, 181; distribution, 199, 201

Lithoglyptes, 92; L. varians, 93

Lithotrya, 87; L. dorsalis, 87

Lithyphantes, 404

Littoral region, of sea, 197; of lakes, 206

Liver (gastric glands), of Crustacea, 14; of Branchiopods, 29; of Limulus, 268; of Arachnids, 304 f., 331

Lobster, distribution, 199; Mysis stage, 153; natural history, 154 f.

Lockwood, on habits of Limulus, 265, 271

Loeb, 525 n.

Loman, 331, 514, 525

Lönnberg, 425

Lophocarenum insanum, 405

Lophogaster, 119

Lophogastridae, 113, 114, 119

Loricata, 165

Lounsbury, 456, 461

Love-dances, among spiders, 381

Lovén, on Trilobites, 226

Loxosceles, 393

Lubbock, 375

Lucas, 364

Lucifer, 162

Lung-books, 297, 308, 336; origin of, 305

Lupa, 191; L. hastata, 191; resemblance to Matuta, 187, 189

Lycosa, 417; L. arenicola, 357; L. carolinensis, turret of, 357; L. fabrilis, 417; L. ingens, 418; L. narbonensis, 361, 366; L. picta, 357, 372, 417; L. tigrina, 357, 369

Lycosidae, 359, 375, 381, 417

Lydella, 479, 485; L. dujardini, 477, 486

Lynceidae, 53; alimentary canal, 43; winter-eggs, 48; reproduction, 49

Lyncodaphniidae, 53

Lyonnet, 319, 320

Lyra, 328

Lyriform organs, 325, 422

Lysianassa, 137

Lysianassidae, 137

Lysianax punctatus, commensal with hermit-crab, 172

M‘Cook, 334, 339, 340, 346, 350, 352 n., 365 n., 366, 367 n., 369 n.

M‘Coy, F., on facial suture of Trinucleus, 226; on free cheek of Trilobites, 227

M‘Leod, 336 n.

Macrobiotus, 480, 485; M. ambiguus, 487; M. angusti, 486; M. annulatus, 486; M. coronifer, 487; M. crenulatus, 487; M. dispar, 487; M. dubius, 487; M. echinogenitus, 487; M. harmsworthi, 487; M. hastatus, 487; M. hufelandi, 480, 482, 483, 486; M. intermedius, 486; M. islandicus, 487; M. macronyx, 477, 483, 487; M. oberhäuseri, 486; M. orcadensis, 487; M. ornatus, 487; M. papillifer, 487; M. pullari, 487; M. sattleri, 487; M. schultzei, 480; M. tetradactylus, 478; M. tuberculatus, 487; M. zetlandicus, 486

Macrocheira kämpferi, 192

Macrohectopus (= Constantia), 138, 212

Macrophthalmus, 196

Macrothele, 390

Macrothrix, 37, 53

Macrura, 153 f.

Macula, 233

Maia, 193; distribution, 205; M. squinado, 192; alimentary canal, 15

Maiidae, 193

Malacostraca, 110 f.; defined, 6; classification, 113, 114; fresh-water, 210 f.

Malaquin, on Monstrilla, 63 n.

Male Spider, devoured by female, 380

Malmignatte, 364, 403

Malpighian tubes or tubules, 12, 257, 311, 331, 427, 434, 460

Mandibles, of Crustacea, 8; of Arachnida, 319

Mange, 465

Maracaudus, 449

Margaropus, 469

Marine Spiders, 415

Marpissa, 421; M. muscosa, 420; M. pomatia, 421

Martins, Fr., 502

Marx, 350

Masteria, 390

Mastigoproctus, 312

Mastobunus, 449

Matthew, G. F., on development of Trilobites, 238

Matuta, 188; habitat, 198; M. banksii, 187

Maxilla, 8; of Decapoda, 152; of Spiders, 321

Maxillary gland, 13

Maxillipede, 8; of Copepoda, 55, 78; of Malacostraca, 113; of Zoaea, 180, 181, 182

Mecicobothrium, 391

Mecostethi, 443, 447, 448

Mecysmauchenius segmentatus, 411

Meek, 363

Megabunus, 450, 451

Megacorminae, 308

Megacormus granosus, 308

Megalaspis, 222, 249

Megalopa, compared to Glaucothoe, 180; of Corystes cassivelaunus, 183

Mégnin, 455, 457

Megninia, 466

Meinert, 522 n.

Meisenheimer, 511 n.

557Melanophora, 397

Mena-vodi, 362

Menge, 319, 368, 385

Menneus, 410

Mermerus, 449

Merostomata, 258, 259 f.

Mertens, Hugo, 524 n.

Mesochra lilljeborgi, 62

Mesonacis, 247; M. asaphoides, larva, 240

Mesosoma, of Arachnida, 256; of Limulus, 260, 263; of Eurypterus, 288; of Scorpion, 302

Mesothelae, 386

Meta segmentata, 408

Metamorphosis, of Cirripedia, 80; of Sacculina, 97; of Epicarida, 130, 133, 135; of Squilla, 142, 143; of Euphausia, 144; discovery of, in Decapoda, 153; of Lobster, 156; of Crayfish, 157; of Peneus, 159; primitive nature of, in Macrura, 161; of Loricata, 165, 166; of Hermit-crab, 179; of Brachyura, 181, 182; of Dromiacea, 182; of Trilobites, 239; of Limulus, 275; of Pseudoscorpions, 435; of Acarina, 462; of Pentastomida, 493 f.; of Pycnogons, 521 f.

Metasoma, of Arachnida, 256; of Limulus, 260, 263; of Eurypterus, 289; of Scorpion, 303

Metastigmata, 467

Metastoma, of Trilobites, 234; of Eurypterida, 287, 292

Metazoaea, 182

Metopobractus rayi, 405

Metopoctea, 452

Metridia, 59; M. lucens, distribution, 203

Metronax, 398

Metschnikoff, 435 n.

Miagrammopes, 411

Miagrammopinae, 411

Micaria, 397; M. pulicaria, 396, 397; M. scintillans, 372

Micariinae, 397

Micariosoma, 397

Michael, 460, 461, 462, 466 n.

Micrathena, 410

Microdiscus, 225, 231, 245

Microlyda, 486 n.

Micrommata, 414; M. virescens, 413, 414

Microneta, 406

Microniscidae, 130

Migas, 387

Miginae, 387

Milne-Edwards, 504

Milnesium, 480, 485; M. alpigenum, 487; M. tardigradum, 487

Miltia, 396

Mimetidae, 411

Mimetus, 411; M. interfector, 368

Mimicry, in Spiders, 372

Mimoscorpius, 312

Miopsalis, 448

Misumena, 412; M. vatia, 371, 373, 412

Mites, = Acarina, q.v.

Moggridge, 354, 355 n.

Moggridgea, 387

Moina, 37, 52; reproduction, 46, 47, 48, 49; M. rectirostris, 46, 47, 52

Mole-crab, 170

Monochetus, 465

Monolistra (Sphaeromidae), habitat, 211

Monopsilus, 54

Monostichous eyes, 301

Monstrilla, 64

Moustrillidae, 63

Morgan, 517, 518, 521

Mortimer, Cromwell, on Trilobites, 221

Mosaic vision, 147

Moseley, 523

Moulting (Ecdysis), 154, 155, 225, 338

Mouth, of Trilobites, 234

Mud-mites, 472

Müller, F., on Tanaids, 123

Müller, O. F., on position of Tardigrada, 483

Munidopsis, 170; eyes, 149; M. hamata, 168

Munnopsidae, 128

Munnopsis typica, 127

Murray, 455

Murray, J., on British Tardigrada, 485

Muscular system, in Tardigrada, 481; in Pentastomida, 490

Mygale, 337, 386 n., 389

Mygalidae, = Aviculariidae, q.v.

Myrmarachne formicaria, 421

Myrmecium, 397

Myrtale perroti, 387

Mysidacea, 118

Mysidae, 113, 114, 119; habitat, 201; relation to Nebalia, 112

Mysis, 120; maxillipede, 10, 11; resemblance to Paranaspides, 117; M. oculata, var. relicta, 120, 210; M. vulgaris, 118

Mysis-larva, of Lobster, 156; of Peneus, 161

Mytilicola, 68

Nanodamon, 313

Nauplius, of Haemocera danae, 64; of Lepas fascicularis, 81; of Sacculina, 97; of Euphausia, 144; an ancestral larval form, 145; of Peneus, 159; compared with Protaspis, 239

Nebalia, 111, 112, 114; segmentation, 6, 7; limbs, 10, 11; relation to Cumacea, 120; compared with Trilobita, 242; N. geoffroyi, 111

Nebo, 307

Neck-furrow, 224

558Nemastoma, 443, 451; N. chrysomelas, 452; N. lugubre, 452

Nemastomatidae, 451

Nematocarcinus, 163

Nemesia, 388; N. congena, 355, 357

Neolimulus, 278, 279

Neoniphargus, distribution, 216

Neopallene, 537

Nephila, 408; N. chrysogaster, 380; N. plumipes, 366

Nephilinae, 408

Nephrops, 154; N. andamanica, distribution, 205; N. norwegica, 205

Nephropsidae, 154; resemblance to Dromiacea, 184

Neptunus, 191; N. sayi, habitat, 202

Nereicolidae, 73

Nervous system, of Crustacea, 5; of Branchiopoda, 30; of Squilla, 142; of Arachnida, 257; of Limulus, 270; of Scorpions, 305; of Pedipalpi, 311; of Spiders, 332, 333; of Solifugae, 428; of Pseudoscorpions, 434; of Phalangidea, 445, 446; of Acarina, 460; of Tardigrada, 482; of Pentastomida, 491; of Pycnogons, 516

Neumann, 470

Nicodaminae, 416

Nicodamus, 416

Nicothoe astaci, 68

Nileus, 229, 249; N. armadillo, eye, 228

Niobe, 249

Niphargoides, 138

Niphargus, 137, 138; distribution, 216; N. forelii, 138; N. puteanus, habitat, 209, 210

Nogagus, 73

Nops, 315, 336, 395

Norman, A. M., 540

Notaspis, 467

Nothrus, 468

Notodelphys, 66

Notostigmata, 473

Nyctalops, 312

Nycteribia (Diptera), 526

Nymph, 463

Nymphon, 503, 536; N. brevicaudatum, 507, 536; N. brevicollum, 511, 521; N. brevirostre, 503, 504, 506, 508, 509, 541, 542; N. elegans, 506, 542; N. femoratum, 541; N. gallicum, 541; N. gracile, 511, 541, 542; N. gracilipes, 542; N. grossipes, 541; N. hamatum, 512; N. hirtipes, 542; N. horridum, 537; N. johnstoni, 541; N. leptocheles, 542; N. longitarse, 541, 542; N. macronyx, 542; N. macrum, 542; N. minutum, 541; N. mixtum, 541; N. pellucidum, 541; N. rubrum, 541, 542; N. serratum, 542; N. simile, 541; N. sluiteri, 542; N. spinosum, 541; N. stenocheir, 542; N. strömii, 509, 541

Nymphonidae, 536

Nymphopsinae, 535 n.

Nymphopsis, 534, 535 n.; N. korotnevi, 534; N. muscosus, 534

Obisiinae, 436, 437

Obisium, 436, 438

Ochyrocera, 393

Octomeridae, 91

Octomeris, 91

Ocyale mirabilis, 416

Ocypoda, 194, 196; habitat, 198; distribution, 201

Ocypodidae, 196

Oecobiidae, 386 n., 392

Oecobius, 392; Oe. maculatus, 392

Oehlert, on facial suture of Trinucleus, 226

Ogovia, 448

Ogygia, 249

Oiceobathes, 535

Oithona, 61; O. nana, 203; O. plumifera, 203

Olenelloides, 247; O. armatus, 247

Olenellus, 225, 227, 232, 236, 247

Olenidae, 247

Olenus, 232, 247; O. truncatus, 248

Oligolophus, 450; O. agrestis, 450; O. spinosus, 441, 450, 451

Olpium, 436, 437; O. pallipes, 437

Ommatoids, 310, 311, 312

Oncaea, 69; O. conifera, phosphorescence, 60

Oncaeidae, 69

Oniscoida, 128

Oniscus, 129

Ononis hispanica, Spiders on, 419

Onychium, 324

Oomerus stigmatophorus, 539

Oonopidae, 336, 393

Oonops, 394; O. pulcher, 366, 394

Oorhynchus, 507, 535; O. aucklandiae, 535

Oostegites, of Malacostraca, 114

Operculata, 89, 91

Ophiocamptus (Moraria), 62; O. brevipes, 62

Opilioacarus, 454, 473; O. arabicus, 473; O. italicus, 473; O. platensis, 473; O. segmentatus, 473

Opiliones (= Phalangidea, q.v.), 440

Opisthacanthus, 307

Opisthoparia, 244

Opisthophthalmus, 307

Opisthothelae, 386

Opopaea, 394

Orchestia, 139; hermaphroditism, 104; O. gammarellus, 137, 139; habitat, 211

Orchestina, 394

Oribata, 467

Oribatidae, 457, 458, 459, 460, 462, 467; anatomy, 459

559Orithyia coccinea, 524, 540

Ornithodoros, 469; O. megnini, 469; O. moubata, 469; O. talaje, 469; O. turicata, 469

Ornithoscatoides, 374

Orometopus, 226, 245; O. elatifrons, 230

Ortmann, on Brachyura, 181 n.; on bipolarity, 200; on crayfishes, 213; on Pycnogons, 513 n.

Ostracoda, 107; pelagic, 202

Oudemans, 528 n.

Ovary, of Cladocera, 44, 45; of Danalia, 132; of Spiders, 332

Oxynaspis, 88

Oxyopes, 419; O. lineata, 419

Oxyopidae, 419

Oxyptila, 412

Oxyrhyncha, 191 f.; habits, 192; enemies, 192; habitat, 198

Oxystomata, 185 f.; respiration, 186, 187

Pachycheles, 170; P. panamensis, distribution, 202

Pachygnatha, 407; P. clerckii, 407; P. degeerii, 407; P. listeri, 407

Pachygrapsus, 196; P. marmoratus, 193, 194, 196

Pachylasma giganteum, 91

Pachylomerus, 388

Pachysoma, 69

Pagurian, 180; eyes of deep-sea, 149, 150

Paguridea, 171

Pagurinae, 180

Palaemon, 164; excretory glands, 13; fresh-water, 212; P. serratus, 158, 164; Bopyrus parasitic on, 133

Palaemonetes, 164; P. antrorum, habitat, 210; P. varians, 161; distribution, 212

Palaemonidae, 159, 164

Palaeocaris, 115, 118

Palaeophonus, 294, 298

Palamnaeus, 307; P. swammerdami, tarsus, 304

Palinuridae, 167

Palinurus, 165, 167; habitat, 198, 202; P. elephas, 167; P. quadricornis, embryo, 165

Pallene, 505, 537; P. attenuata, 541; P. brevirostris, 510, 524, 537, 541, 542; P. dimorpha, 538; P. emaciata, 541; P. empusa, 541; P. grubii, 538; P. languida, 537; P. longiceps, 538; P. novaezealandiae, 537; P. producta, 542; P. pygmaea, 537, 541; P. spectrum, 542; P. spinosa, 537

Pallenidae, 537

Pallenopsis, 506, 511; P. holti, 542; P. tritonis, 542

Palp, of Pycnogons, 507

Palpal organ, 322, 378

Palpebral lobe, 227

Palpigradi, 258, 422

Palpimanidae, 323, 325, 398

Palpimanus, 398

Panamomops diceros, 405

Pandalidae, 164

Pandalus, 164; P. annulicornis, 164

Pandinus, 307

Panoplax, 195

Pantopoda, 501 n. (= Pycnogonida, q.v.)

Panulirus, 165, 167

Parabolina, 232, 247

Parabolinella, 247

Parabuthus, 298; P. capensis, 298, 299

Paradoxides, 222, 232, 236, 247; P. bohemicus, 246

Paragaleodes, 429

Paralomis, 179, 181

Paranaspides, 117; P. lacustris, 117; distribution, 210; habitat, 210

Paranebalia, 242

Paranephrops, 157; distribution, 213

Paranthura, 124

Parantipathes, Synagoga parasitic on, 94

Paranymphon, 507; P. spinosum, 542

Parapagurus, 180

Parapallene, 537

Parapeneus, 162; P. rectacutus, 159

Parapylocheles scorpio, eyes, 149

Parasiro, 448; P. corsicus, 448

Parasites, in Tardigrada, 484

Parasitic castration, 100, 136

Parastacidae, 157; distribution, 213

Parastacus, 157; distribution, 213

Paratropidinae, 387

Paratropis scrupea, 387

Parazetes auchenicus, 533

Pardosa, 417; female carrying young, 341; P. amentata, 417, 418; P. lugubris, 418

Pariboea spinipalpis, 534

Parthenogenesis, in Phyllopoda, 32; in Cladocera, 44, 46, 49; in Ostracoda, 108

Parthenope, 193; P. investigatoris, 192

Parthenopidae, 193

Pasiphaea, 163

Pasiphaeidae, 163

Pasithoe, 532; P. umbonata, 535; P. vesiculosa, 535, 541

Pasithoidae, 532

Patten, 270, 271, 277

Patten and Redenbaugh, on Limulus, 266, 270, 272

Paturon, 319, 320

Peckham, 376, 377, 378, 381, 382

Pecten, 328

Pectines, of Scorpions, 302, 302; function of, 299; of Glytoscorpius, 294

Pedicle, 317

Pedipalpi, 258, 308; habits, 309; external structure, 309; legs, 309; internal structure, 310; alimentary canal, 310; nervous system, 311; classification, 312

560Pedipalpi (appendages), 263, 303, 309, 321, 422, 426, 433, 440, 458

Pedunculata, 84

Pelagic Crustacea, marine, 202; lacustrine, 207

Pelops, 467

Peltiidae, 63

Peltogaster, 95; structure, 95; males, 99; castration caused by, 100; P. curvatus, castration caused by, 100; P. sulcatus, 95

Peltura, 247

Peneidae, 162

Peneidea, 158, 162; metamorphosis, 159

Penella sagitta, 74

Peneus, 158, 162; metamorphosis, 159, 159, 160, 161

Pentanymphon, 504, 537

Pentaspidae, 87

Pentastoma, 488 n.; P. denticulatum, 489, 494; P. emarginatum, 489; P. serratum, 489

Pentastomida, 258, 488 f.; structure, 489; habitat, 488; life-history, 488, 493; hosts of, 496, 497

Pephredo hirsuta, 535, 541

Peracantha, 43, 53; alimentary canal, 43

Peracarida, 114, 118

Pereiopod, defined, 110; reduced hind, in Galatheidea, 168; in Hippidea, 170; in Paguridea, 172; in Dromiacea, 184; in Oxystomata, 185

Periegops hirsutus, 393

Peroderma cylindricum, 75

Petrarca bathyactidis, 93

Pettalus, 448

Pezomachus gracilis, parasitic in cocoons of Spiders, 367

Phacopidae, 249

Phacopini, 243

Phacops, 223, 232, 235, 249; P. latifrons, 227; P. sternbergi, 248

Phaeocedus braccatus, 397

Phagocytes, in Danalia, 132

Phalangidea, 258, 440 f.; habits, 441; external structure, 442; internal structure, 444; nervous system, 446; classification, 447; British species, 453

Phalangiidae, 449

Phalangiinae, 450

Phalangium, 444, 450, 526; mouth-parts, 443; P. balaenarum, 502; P. cornutum, 450; P. littorale, 501; P. opilio, 445, 446, 450, 526

Phalangodes, 449; P. armata, 449; P. terricola, 449

Phalangodidae, 448

Phanodemus, 535

Phidippus, 421; P. morsitans, 365, 421

Philichthyidae, 73

Philichthys, 73; P. xiphiae, 73 n.

Phillipsia, 251; P. gemmulifera, 250

Philodrominae, 413

Philodromus, 413; P. aureolus, 413; P. margaritatus, 413

Philoscia muscorum, 129

Pholcidae, 336, 401

Pholcus, 320, 401; P. phalangioides, 401

Phoroncidia, 404; P. 7–aculeata, 318

Phoroncidiinae, 317, 404

Phosphorescence, of Copepoda, 59; relation to eyes in deep-sea Crustacea, 150, 151

Phosphorescent organs, of Euphausiidae, 145; of Stylocheiron mastigophorum, 151

Phoxichilidae, 539

Phoxichilidiidae, 538

Phoxichilidium, 506, 512, 520, 521 n., 523, 525, 538; P. angulatum, 520; P. exiguum, 541; P. femoratum, 508, 524, 538, 540; P. globosum, 540; P. mollissimum, 517; P. olivaceum, 540

Phoxichilus, 505, 512, 539; P. australis, 539, 540; P. böhmii, 539; P. charybdaeus, 514, 515, 539; P. laevis, 537, 539, 541; P. meridionalis, 539; P. mollis, 539; P. proboscideus, 532; P. procerus, 539; P. spinosus, 505, 508, 510, 537, 539, 541, 542; P. vulgaris, 539

Phreatoicidae, 136; distribution, 211, 217

Phreatoicidea, 136

Phreatoicopsis, 136; distribution, 211

Phreatoicus, 136; distribution, 210, 211, 217; P. assimilis, habitat, 210; P. typicus, habitat, 210

Phronima, 140; P. sedentaria, 140

Phrynarachne, 414; P. decipiens, 374, 414

Phrynichinae, 313

Phrynichus, 313

Phrynidae, 309, 310, 312

Phrynopsis, 313

Phrynus, 312

Phryxidae, 130

Phyllocarida, 111, 242

Phyllocoptes, 465

Phyllopoda, 19 f.; appendages, 24 f.; alimentary canal, 29; vascular system, 29; nervous system, 30; reproductive organs, 31; habitat, 32; genera, 35

Phyllosoma, larva of Palinurus, 166

Phytoptidae, 464

Phytoptus, 464 n., 495 (= Eriophyes, q.v.)

Pickard-Cambridge, F., 352

Pickard-Cambridge, O., 318, 321 n., 323 n., 359 n., 372, 374, 380, 385, 401 n., 436, 438, 450, 451, 452

Pillai, 375

Pilumnus, 191

Pinnotheres pisum, 195

Pinnotheridae, 195

561Pipetta, 514, 533; P. weberi, 533

Pirata, 417

Piriform glands, 335, 349

Pisa, 193

Pisaura mirabilis, 416

Pisauridae, 416

Placoparia, 251

Plagiostethi, 443, 447, 449, 452

Plagula, 317

Planes minutus, habitat, 202

Plankton, characters of, 203; fresh-water, 207, 216; Cladocera in, 50

Plastron, 316

Plate, on Tardigrada, 481, 482, 484

Plator insolens, 415

Platoridae, 415

Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii, 129

Platyaspis, 121

Platybunus, 450, 451

Platycheles, 535

Plectreurys, 393

Pleopod, defined, 110

Pleura, 234 f.

Pleurocrypta microbranchiata, 133

Pleuromma, 59; P. abdominale, 59; P. gracile, 59

Pliobothrus symmetricus, Pycnogon larvae in, 523

Pocock, 298, 308 n., 312, 328, 329, 425 n., 534 n.

Podasconidae, 130

Podogona, 258, 439

Podon, 54

Podophthalmata, 112

Podoplea, 61

Podosomata, 501 n. (= Pycnogonida, q.v.)

Poecilotheria, 390

Poisonous hairs, of Spiders, 365

Pollicipes, 84; fertilisation, 86; P. cornucopia, 85; P. mitella, 85

Pollock, 340

Poltyinae, 410

Poltys, 410; P. ideae, 318

Polyartemia, 36; antennae, 26, 28; range of, 34; P. forcipata, 36

Polyaspidae, 84

Polycopidae, 109

Polygonopus, 539

Polyphemidae, 54; appendages, 42; ovary, 47; reproduction, 49

Polyphemus, 47, 54; P. pediculus, habitat, 206, 208

Polysphincta carbonaria, parasitic on Spiders, 368

Pompeckj, on Calymenidae, 244

Pompilus, 368

Pontellidae, 60

Pontoporeia, 137; distribution, 212; P. affinis, 138; P. femorata, 138; P. loyi, 138; P. microphthalma, 138

Porcellana, 168, 170; Zoaea, 168; P. platycheles, 170

Porcellanidae, 170; habitat, 198

Porcellio, 129

Porcupine, 540

Porhomma, 406

Porocephalus, 488 n., 495; P. annulatus, 490, 496; P. aonycis, 496; P. armillatus, 496; P. bifurcatus, 496; P. clavatus, 496; P. crocidura, 496; P. crotali, 496; P. geckonis, 496; P. gracilis, 496; P. heterodontis, 496; P. indicus, 496; P. lari, 496; P. megacephalus, 497; P. megastomus, 497; P. moniliformis, 497; P. najae sputatricis, 497; P. oxycephalus, 497; P. platycephalus, 497; P. proboscideus, 493, 494; larvae of, 493, 494; hosts of, 496; P. protelis, larva, 495; P. subuliferus, 497; P. teretiusculus, 489, 491, 492, 492, 497; P. tortus, 497

Portunidae, 191

Portunion, 134; P. maenadis, 134; life-history, 135, 136

Portunus, 191

Potamobius (= Astacus), 157; distribution, 213

Potamocarcinus, 191; distribution, 213

Potamon, 191

Potamonidae, 191

Praniza, larva of Gnathia, 125

Prawn, 151, 153, 158, 164, 198; fresh-water, 212, 214

Pre-epistome, 443

Prestwichia (Euproöps), 275, 278, 279

Preyer, on anabiosis in Tardigrades, 484

Prionurus, 298, 299

Prismatic eye, of Trilobites, 229

Procurved eyes, 316

Prodidomidae, 395

Prodidomus, 396

Proëtidae, 251

Proëtus, 251; P. bohemicus, 248

Prokoenenia, 423; P. chilensis, 423; P. wheeleri, 423

Prolimulus, 279

Promesosternite, in Limulus, 264

Proparia, 244

Prosalpia, 450

Prosoma, of Arachnida, 260; of Limulus, 260, 263; of Eurypterida, 285; of Scorpion, 301

Prosthesima, 397

Prostigmata, 471

Protaspis, 239, 239, 240

Proteolepas, 94; P. bivincta, 94

Protocaris, 243

Protolenus, 247

Protolimulus, 279

Protolycosa anthrocophila, 383

Przibram, on regeneration in Crustacea, 156

Psalidopodidae, 164; habitat, 204

Psalidopus, 164

562Psalistops, 389

Psechridae, 399

Psechrus, 399

Pseudalibrotus, 137

Pseudidiops, 388

Pseudocuma, 121; distribution, 215

Pseudocumidae, 121

Pseudoniscus, 279

Pseudopallene, 511, 537; P. circularis, 540; P. spinipes, 537 n.

Pseudoscorpiones, 258, 430 f.; habits, 430; external structure, 431, 432; internal structure, 433; development, 434, 435; classification, 436; British species, 438

Pseudo-stigmatic organs, 467

Pseudozoaea, larva of Stomatopod, 143

Pterocuma, 121

Pterolichus, 466

Pteronyssus, 466

Pterygometopus, 249

Pterygotus, 283, 291, 292; P. osiliensis, 290

Ptychoparia, 247

Pucetia viridis, 419

Pupa, of Cirripedia, 81, 82

Purcellia, 448

Pychnogonides, 501 n.

Pycnogonida, 501 f.; body, 505; chelophores, 505; palpi, 507; ovigerous legs, 507; glands, 511; alimentary system, 513; circulatory system, 516; nervous system, 516; eyes, 517; integument, 518; reproductive organs, 519; eggs, 520; development, 520; habits, 524; systematic position, 525; classification, 528 f.; British species, 540 f.

Pycnogonidae, 539

Pycnogonum, 503, 539; P. australe, 540; P. crassirostre, 540; P. littorale, 501, 540, 541; P. magellanicum, 540; P. magnirostre, 540; P. microps, 540; P. nodulosum, 540; P. orientale, 540; P. philippinense, 540; P. pusillum, 540; P. stearnsi, 540

Pygidium, 235

Pylocheles, 180; P. miersii, 173

Pylochelidae, 180; habitat, 204

Pylopagurus, 180; relation to Lithodidae, 177, 178

Pyrgoma, 92

Rachias, 388