INDEX.

Abderites, 212

Abella, sword and shield of the people of, 264 n

Abraham and the Egyptians, 103;

his origin, 150 n

Abyssinia, native copper from, 63 n

Abyssinian lance, 270

— Sword, 163 sq., 237

Acacia detinens (‘Wait-a-bit’), 6

Acanthurus (‘surgeon’ or lancet-fish), 10

Accad inscription (Babylonia), 199

Accensi Velati (Roman soldiers), 245

Achæans of the Caucasus, 195 n

Achæmenes, 208

Achilles’ shield, 212, 223

— spear pointed with chalcos, 55 n

‘Acies instructa’ and ‘sinuata’ (Roman army), 245

Acies (of a weapon), 107 n

Acinaces, not a scymitar, 227 n

Acinaces, Persian, 210;

with golden ornaments, 212

Aclys (archaic weapon), 35 n

‘Adaga’ of mediæval writers, 12

Adam Kadmon, 2

Adam primus, 2 n

Adam, the Hebrew, 149

Adámas (steel), 221

Adargue (Moorish), 12 n

Adder-pike or sting-fish (Trachinus vipera), 11

Adonis (= Tammuz), 187

Adscriptii (Roman soldiers), 245 n

Adze, 20 n;

of copper, 67

— blades of shells and pinna, 47

Æs corinthiacum, 85 n;

ægineticum, 87;

demonnesium, ib.;

nigrum, ib.;

deliacum, ib.;

caldarium, 88;

græcanicum, ib.

Ægyptus (meaning of the word in Homer), 145 n

Æolipylæ (αἰόλου πύλαι), 31 n

Ærugo (or verdigris) from a spear (Achilles’), 60

Æs and Æris metalla (their meaning in Pliny), 58 n

Afghan Charay, 212

— language, 210 n

Africa (its mineral wealth unexplored), 63

— the Sword in, 162

African antelopes, 9

— bellows, 120 sq.

— Telak (arm-knife), 162

Africo-Arab weapons, 163

‘Afterthought,’ 1

Afzal Khan (Moslem General of Aurangzeb), 8

Agate splinter (for wooden Swords), 47

Agave (American), 6;

used for paper-making, 50 n

‘Age of Wood’, 31

‘Ages’, 22 n

Agesilaus, army of, 241

Ἀγκύλη (Greek throw-stick), 34

‘Agmen pilatum’ and ‘quadratum’ (Roman army), 245

Agreutic (age of primitive Archæology), 5 n

Agriculture in Ancient Egypt, 148

Ahasuerus (= Xerxes), 210

Airain (derivation), 84

Aji (black stone), Japanese use of, for weapons, 52

Aka, Akhu (Ancient Egyptian axe), 89, 158

Akkad (= Upper Babylonia), 104 n

Ἀκινάκης, 90 n

Alabaster pommels at Mycenæ, 231, 233

Albanian castes, 241 n

— yataghan, 265

Alemanni (Germani), weapons of the, 270

Alexander the Great, 209

Alfânge (Iberian; El-Khanjar), 29

Algebra in Assyria, 202 n

Alipes (Mercury), 1

Alkinde (Ondanique), 110

Alle-barde (Teutonic weapon), 92

Allophyllian or Agglutinative Turanian, 146

Alloy (derivation of the word), 74 n

Alloys of copper, 53, 57

— proportions of, 83;

table of alloys in common use, 83 sq.

Aloe (Socotrine), 6

Alorus, king of Babylonia, 199

Aluminium, 81 n

Alyattes, tomb of, 194

Alphabet (whence it came), 51 n, 147

— Hindú, 219 n

— of Troy, 193

Amber, 48, 87

Ambidexter Swordsmen, 185

Ambrum (= amber), 87

American broad-axe, 128

Amestris (= Esther), 210 n

Amphictyony of the Ionians, 194

Amukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214

Amun Ra, 149 n

Amygdaloid greenstone (‘toad-stone’), 103 n

Analysis of a copper knife-blade, 69;

of so-called ‘bronzes,’ 70;

of Assyrian bronze, 81

Anchor, the original, 119 n

Ancient Britain, centre of bronze industry, 276

— Britons, account of the, 277

— Cypriote characters, 225

— German method of warfare, 273

— Greece, extent of, 242 n

— Hellas, metallurgy of, 220

— Indians, 213

— Indian anthropology, 213

— Irish, character of the, 279

— Roman army (its constitution), 245

— Rome (her rôle in history), 244

Ancile (sacred shield) of æs, 56

Andahualas valley (meaning of the name), 67 n

Andamanese (unable to kindle fire), 2 n

Andanicum (Ondanique), 110

Andena (ductile and malleable iron: Avicenna), 107

Andes (derivation of the name), 67

Andromeda legend, the, 180 n

Andro-Sphinx (Egypt), 190 n

Anelace, 263

Angels, the weapon of the, 237

Angle of cutting instruments, 131 sq.

— of resistance, 132

Anglo-Saxon invasion of England, 275

‘Anguimanus’ (the elephant), 3 n

Animals in Assyrian bas-reliefs, 203

— (lower) born armed, 2

Anjan (iron-wood), 112

Anlas, 263

‘Annæus’ monument, 258 n

Annals of Babylon, 200

Anta (copper: Quichua), 67

Antelope (Indian) horns used for daggers, 11

Antelopes’ horns used in fishing, 27;

as lance-points, 28

Antepilani (Roman soldiers), 247 sq.

Antesignani (Roman soldiers), 247

Anthropology, Ancient Indian, 213

— of the pagans, 21 sq.

Antimonial bronze, 81 n

Antiquity of bronze in the Nile region, 275

— of iron and steel, 98

Antiseptic charcoal, 250 n

Antler of red deer as a thrusting-weapon, 28

Anvils, 120

Aor (= Sword, in Homer), 222;

etymology of the word, 224 n

Apes, 2

Aphrodite or Venus, account of, 187 n

Apis-tombs of Memphis, 190 n

Apollo and Python, 180

Apophis (serpent: Egypt), 183

Arabian weapons, 185

Arabic name for sabre, 123

Arab scymitar belonging to King of Kishakkha, 162

Arabs and Egyptians, contrast of, 144

Aram wine, 173 n

Ararat of Noah’s ark, the, 202

Arbotana, 14 n

Arblast (enlarged arcus), 19

Arch, Egyptian, 201

Archæology, primitive, 5 n

Archaic names of metals, table of, 122

— tools from Wari Gaon, 110

Archal (= aurichalcum), 85 n

Archangels (whence borrowed), 149

Archer (fish: Toxotes), 7

Archers (Ancient Egyptian army), 154

— Assyrian, 206

— in Homer, 222

Archery, Scythian, 19 n

Architects, Ancient Roman, 245

Architecture, Assyrian, 201

— in Ancient Egypt, 148

— in Hellas, 241

— origin of, 15

Arcubalista (crossbow), 19

Argentiferous copper (liquation of, in Japan), 83

— galena, 88

Argus-pheasant (Indian bird), 9

Aries (sea-ram; Delphinus orca), 7

Aries-shaped Sword, 141

Ariminium, coins cast in, 265

Arithmetic in Ancient Egypt, 148

Arjuna’s Sword, 217

Arka (Calatropis gigantea), 218

Arme blanche, 6

Armes d’hast, 6, 246 n

Armenia, 209 n

Armenian inscriptions, 200

Armidoctores, 249 n

Armilla of bronze, Etruscan, 196

Armlets of bronze (Etruscan), 30

Armorial badges (= rank), 141 sq.

Armour (derivation of the word), 244

— made in Cyprus, 188

— of Ancient Egyptian soldiers, 152 sqq.

Armour of elephants, 216

— of Goliath, 186

Arms among the Ancient Romans, 244 sq.

— and Armour of Ancient Roman soldiers, 246 sqq.

— manufactory in Etruria, 198

— of Hannibal and his troops, 268

— of the Keltic Gauls, 266 sq.

— of Persian troops, 210

Army of the Ancient Egyptians, 152 sqq.

Ἅρπη (sharp sickle), 180

Arrows, 11, 154

— made of reed, 28

Arrow-heads in Ancient Gallic and German graves, 274 n

— of deer-horn, 24;

of bone, 25;

of bamboo, 26;

of flint-flakes, ib.;

of pinna and shells, 47

Arrow-piles of copper, 65

Arrow-throwers (epithet of the Argives), 222

Art and science in Ancient Egypt, 147

Art of the Hittites, 176

‘Artemis’ (Diana) of the Ephesians, 192 n

Articulate language (origin of), 74 n

Artificial calamine, 86

— malachite, 72

Aryan (language), 146 n

Aryans, 76

Asclepias gigantea, 111

Asclepius (Berytus), 75

Ashanti Sword-knife, 167

Ashur (Assyrian), 200, 207

Ashuth (fused or cast metal; Hebrew), 103

Asia, ancient mines of copper and lead in, 63

Asidhenu (dagger: Hindú), 215

Asidevatá (Sword-god produced by Brahma), 214

Askelon (site of), 186 n

Asp (Cobra di capello; Coluber Haja), 33 n

Ass (its method of defence), 7

Assegai used as a razor by the Amazulu, 14

Assyria (etymology of the word), 177

Assyrian architecture, 201

— bas-reliefs, 176, 201

— books, 201 n

— bronzes, 104 n

— daggers, 159, 205

— executioner, 207

— fashion of wearing the Sword, 206, 239

— fortifications, 203

— hand-daggers, 185

— inscriptions (Bayrut), 200 n

— invasion of Egypt, 200

— magic, 202 n

— metallurgy, 81, 202;

bronze, 81

— names for the Sword, 123

— robe, 175

— skill in arts, 202

— soldiers, 206

— Sphinx, 190 n

Assyrians of Xerxes’ army (their weapons), 105

Astrolabe in Assyria, 202 n

Astronomy in Ancient Egypt, 148

— of Mesopotamia, 200 n

Asuras (mighty demons: Hindú), 213

Atacamite (submuriate of copper), 68

Athenæus on the Sword, 242 sq.

Athletics, Ancient Roman, 249

Athor or Hathor (‘goddess of copper’), 62, 69

Atlantis, 85 n

Attábo, King Blay of, 142

Auctoramentum (pay of the Bestiarii), 253

Augustin’s rendering of ‘framea,’ 271

Aurichalcum, 85

Aurochs, 30 n

Australian club (development), 39

Authentic annals of England, beginning of the, 275

Autochthones of Cyprus, 187

Avicenna’s description of iron, 106

Axe (as a weapon), 20, 90 sq.;

of copper and stone, 67

— (derivation of the word), 91 n

Axe-heads of pure copper, 57

Ayri (cutting instruments; Peru), 67

‘Azagay’ (in Spanish and Portuguese), 42 n

Azure (in heraldry; derivation), 140 n

Baal Suteckh (Hittite War-god), 173

Baal-Zephon, site of, 175 n

Babanga (Sword; Gaboon), 165

Babel, Tower of, 55

Baboons, 2

Babylon, conquest of, 209

Babylonia, account of, 199 sq.;

civilisation in, 200

Babylonian chronology, 199 n

Backsword, 123;

Chinese, 64

Bagpipe, origin of the, 120

Báhuyuddha (class of weapons, Hindú), 214

Baïonette Gras, 94, 134

Balanitis Aegyptiaca (= Persea; Egyptian ‘Tree of Life’), 202 n

Balawat, bronze gates of, 202

Baldur the Beautiful, 178

Baleares (‘Slinging-Isles’), 19 n

Balestarius (= crossbow-man), 185

Balistæ (Roman artillery), 19, 249

Batistes capriscus (‘file-fish’), 9

Ballistics, 16

Balloons, 31 n

Ball-steel (Chinese), 114

Bamboo (blades made of), 12, 14 n;

arrow-heads, 26

‘Bamboo-grass,’ 12

‘Bantu’ (Folk), 3 n

Ban Umha (white copper: Keltic), 65

‘Barbarian,’ history of the word, 261 n

Barbarism of the ancient Germans, 273

Bards of Greece, the age of the, 220

Barylithic (glacial Drift) age, 5 n

Barrows, Cimbrian (finds in), 274

Barzil (iron: Hebrew), 103

Basalt-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Basket-hilt of a Sword, 124, 126 n

Bas-reliefs of Assyria, 176, 201

— of Khorsabad, 209

— of Persepolis, 209

Baswa knife (Upper Congo), 170

Bâton ferré, 20

Battering-ram, Assyrian, 203

Battle-axe of pure copper, 70

Battle-gear of gold, 212

Battle-scene in sculpture (Cuttack), 216

Bauldric, 206

Beaked axe, 95

Bears, polar, 3

Bechwana club-axe, 93

Bedstead of iron (of Og, King of Bashan), 103

Beheading fallen foes (Gallic custom), 269

Beheading Sword, Cutch, 168

Behistun Inscription, the, 209 n, 226

Belagerungs-balister, 19

Belemnites (‘thunder-stone’), 21 n

Bel and the Dragon, 180, 183

‘Bell-metal,’ 84

Bellows, invention of, 119

Bellows of bullock’s hide, 111

Bellows-nozzles of copper, 68

Bells on a Sword-sheath, 169

Βέλος, 6

Benipe (meaning of the word), 99, 101

Bent Swords, Javanese, 218

Beny Adam meshood, 2

Bergbarthe (mine-picks; German), 91

Berytus (Asclepius), 75

Bestiarii (gladiators), 251, 253

Bhawáni (Sívají’s Sword), 8 n

Bibasis (gymnastic dance), 239

Bíchwa (weapon used by Sívají), 8 n

Bilbilis (river: Lusitania), 266 n

Bil-Kan (Assyrian god), 182

Bill (derivation of the word), 94 n

Bill-hooks of copper, 67

Birds (their methods of attack and defence), 9

Bird’s-head-shaped missiles, 37

Birth of literature in Greece, 202 n

Bisarme or Guisarme, 95

‘Biscayan’ shape (of Swords), 135

Bitumen used to fix flint-chips in wooden weapons, 49

‘Black chalcos,’ 77

Black Pagoda (Madras), wrought iron in, 109

Black sand, 102

Blade of a Sword, 124

Blasrohr (blow-tube), 14 n

Blende (sulphuret of zinc), 84;

derivation of the word, 84 n

Bloma ferri, 114 n

Bloom (of iron), 114 n

Bloomary (= bloomery), 114 n

Bloomeries (ancient furnaces), 114 n

Blow-pipe, 14;

of copper, 67

Blue basalt, 100

Blue-stone (sulphate of copper, blue copperas), 60

Boars’-hoofs used as armour, 29 n

Boar, wild (its method of attack), 12

Boians (Etruria), 196

Bolas (slings), 19

Bombola (birthplace of Martial), 266 n

‘Bone Age,’ 23

‘Bone-and-stone-using people,’ 23

Bone as a base to carry trenchant substances, 27

Bone-club of Nootka Sound Indians, 25

Bone-handles for Swords and daggers, 27

Bone-knives, 26;

-daggers, 26, 27

Bone-points to weapons, 23

Boomerang, 19;

derivation of the word, 33 n;

Indian specimens, 35;

its movement explained, 35 sq.

Boomerang-sword, 39;

in Ancient Egypt, 155

Boot (derivation of the word), 175

Borax used for soldering, 85 n

Boundaries demarked by the axe, 91

Bouterolles of a Sword, 124 n

Bowie-knife bayonet, 134 n

Bow (derivation of the word), 19 n

— of a Sword, 125

— of Vishnu, the, 213

— the, in Ancient Gaul and Germany, 274 n

— and arrow among the Ancient Hindús, 215

Bows and arrows used by the Ancient Romans, 245

Bows, ancient Egyptian, 154

Boxing, 7

‘Boycotting’ St. Paul, 185

Bracchæ (breeches), 269 n

Bracelet of copper, 73 n

‘Brave Master Shoe-tye, the great traveller’ 3 n

Brande or Bronde (Sword), 123

Braquemart, 123

Brass early in Christian era, 84;

derivation of the word, 85

‘Brass’ guns, 56

‘Brass’ in the A. V. of the Bible, 56

Breast-belt, gladiatorial, 253

Breastplates of copper, 68

Breeches (etymology of the word), 269 n

Breitsachs (Ancient German weapon), 272

Brennus, 267

Bridal presents of Ancient Germans, 273

Bridle of gold, 212

Brise-épées, 138

Britain (‘Ynis Prydhain’ Island), 77 n

British Sword in the Tower, 263

Broad-axe (American squatters’), 128

Broadsword, various forms of, 96, 123

Bronze, 22 n, 74 sqq.

‘Bronze Age,’ 22 n, 23 n

— Age in Britain, 275

— Age in Switzerland, 275

— Age of Scandinavian Goths, 274

— armlets, Etruscan, 30

— armour, 80

— armour-suit (Roman cavalry), 248

— arms of the Gauls, 267

— arrow-heads, Carthaginian, 181

— casting in, 80

— chisels, 79

— daggers, 78 n, 80

— defensive armour (Roman), 254

— derivation of the word, 77

— door-sockets, Assyrian, 202

— hardening of, 53

— hatchets in wooden handles, 154

— in Great Britain, source of, 275

— knives, 80

— lancehead at Mycenæ, 230

— nails, 82

— parazonium, 239

— quadriga, 80

— rapier in Ireland, 279 n

— sabres, 80

— socketed sickle (British), 276

— statues (Etruscan), 80

— Swords, 45, 78 n, 80;

found in Britain, 276 sq.;

Gallic, 266;

found at Hallstadt, 262 sq.;

of Italy, 264;

at Mycenæ, 229 sq.

— Sword-hilt (Etruscan), 197

— supplied from Phœnicia to Europe, 78 n

— tablet, Hittite, 176

— work, Assyrian, 202

Buccinatores (musicians: Roman), 248

‘Buccularius clypeus’ (= buckler), 246 n

Buckler (etymology of the word), 246 n

— of ox-hide, Roman, 248

Bucklers of osier (for recruits: Roman), 249

Buckles of a Sword, 124 n

Buddhism, 213

Budil, King of Assyria, 208

Buffalo, its manner of attack, 9;

arrows made of buffalo-horn, 28

Bull-fights, Spanish, 253

Bull (wild), its manner of attack, 9

Bulwark (portable bridge for sieges), 154

Burbur inscriptions (Babylonia), 199

Burgwälle, 271

Burial as a method of making steel, 265

Burmese Dalwel (Sword), 219

Burying of iron, 107 n, 112

Buttons of gold in Troas, 193

Byzantine (?) finds at Mycenæ, 106

Cabiri (Kabeiroi), 74 sq.

Cadmeian (old Phœnician) characters, 225

Cadmia fossilis (natural calamine), 86

Cadmian stone, 86

Cadmus (El-Kadim, or El-Kadmi), 60

Cæsar’s treatment of his soldiers, 260

Caillouteurs (flint-knappers), 45 n

Calamine (carbonate of zinc), 71, 84;

derivation of the word, 84

Calasiri (Egyptian bowmen), 152

Caledonia (etymology of the word), 275

Calisthenics, Greek, 239

Callua (paddle), 42

Calones (camp-followers: Roman), 249

Caltrops (bamboo splints of Gaboon-land), 14

Camel (the kick of the), 7

Cambyses, 209, 211

Camp-followers (Roman), 249

Campidoctores, 249 n

Canaanite (meaning of the word), 175 n

Canaanites, 182

Cane bows and arrows, Ancient Indian, 211

Canes used as bellows, 68

Canna (κάννα; whence ‘cannon’), 14 n

Cannelure (of a Sword), 132

Cannon (derivation of the word), 14 n

— of iron first cast, 117 n

Cannons of gold (Baroda), 162 n

Canticles of Solomon, the, 147

Capoeira (Brazilian fashion of fighting), 254

Capulus (Sword-pommel: Roman), 257 n

‘Carbad scarrda’ (Irish war-car), 277

Carcharias vulpes (fox-shark), 7;

derivation of Carcharias, 7 n

Carchemish inscription, 177

Carian weapons, 211;

(?) at Mycenæ, 231 n

— words, 231 n

Carpenter’s tools of copper, 67

Carpentras Inscription, the, 209 n

Carpentry in Ancient Egypt, 148

Carpentum (war-chariot), 269

Carpicanna, 14 n

Carthaginian mining operations, 107

— names, 181

— Sword-blades, 181

Caryota urens (Nibong; sago-wood), 6, 23

Cartouche (cartuccia; meaning of the word), 40 n

Cast-copper axe, 69

Caspians, 210

Cassia auriculata, 111

Cassiterides, 78 sq.

Cassowary (its method of attack), 12

Casting (of metal) among the Ancient Greeks, 221

Cast-iron slab in Sussex (14th century), 117 n

— steel, 114 n

Catalan forge, 102 n, 111;

furnace, 107

Catamaran (Tasmania), 40

Catapults (of Roman army), 248 sq.

Cateia (boomerang club), 35, 269

— meaning of the word, 35 n

Catoblepas Gnu, 9

Cats (domestic, among the Nile-dwellers), 3 n

Cavalier and Roundhead, 277 n

Cavalry, Hittite, 176

— in Ancient Egypt, 154

— Roman, 246 n, 248

Caverns (as dwellings, storehouses, sepulchres), 15 n

— French and Belgian, 1 n

Cave-temples (Indian), the Sword in, 216

Celestial Empire, the annals of the, 112 sq. n

Celt, of gold, 212;

expanding, 270;

transition from, to paddle-spear and Sword forms, 41

Celte (in Job), 20 n

Celtiberian iron Swords, 107;

weapons, 265

Celtis (or celtes = a chisel), 20 n

Celts (the proper orthography), 20 n;

celts of copper, 57;

of stone, 154

Census, Hebrew, 185

Centre of percussion, 129

Centurion’s cuirass, 248

Ceramics in Ancient Egypt, 148

Cerbotana, 14 n

Ceretolo, sepulchre at, 196

Cestus (knuckle-duster of the classics), 7

Cestus-play, 254

Cetian or Keteian (in Homer), 172

Cetra (Roman shield), 246

Chætodon (archer fish of Japan), 7

Chakarini (war-quoit), 39 n

Chakrá (war-quoit), 39

Chalcitic (copper and bronze) Age, 5 n

Chalcedony dagger-blade, 46;

splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Chalcolibanon, 85

Chalcos (= Sword, in Homer), 222

Chaldæan gods, 207

Χαλκός (meaning of the word), 58

Χάλκεος οὐδός (‘copper threshold’), 55

Chalybes (iron-workers), 76

‘Chalybian stranger’ (= the Sword), 97

Chalybs (river), 97 n

Chalyps (steel), 221

Character of Ancient Gauls, 269 sq.

Charay (Afghan Sword), 212

Charms (Chinese) of copper, 64

Chape of a Sword, 124;

of a dagger, 124 n

Charay (one-edged knife: Afghan), 161 n

Charcoal in iron-smelting, 107

Chariot-corps (Ancient Egypt), 154

Chariots of iron, 103

Chairs in Ancient Egypt, 148

Charonion of Antioch, 241 n

Chasing (of metals), 81

Chayantanka (tin: Peruvian), 83

Chelidonian sabre (χελιδόνιος ξίφος), 141

Chemosh (Moabite god), 192 n

Chereb (Hebrew weapon), 180, 183, 184

Chert arrow-heads, 25

Chert-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Cherubim (etymology of the word), 183

Cherusci (ancient German tribe), 271

Chess (showing Hindú form of attack), 218, 273 n

Chess in Ancient Egypt, 148

‘Chevaucher,’ meaning of, and Greek equivalents, 242 n

Chevaux-de-frise, 14

Chile copper the toughest, 68

Chinese (ancient) arms of metal, 63

— form of Sword-staff, 273

— iron-works, 115

— language, 113

— methods of working iron, 114

— sabre-knife, 139

— steel for Swords and knives, 115

— Sword of copper (afterwards of iron), 64

— words for iron, 112 sq.

Chisels of chalcos, 63;

of stone and copper, 67

— of iron (Etruscan), 197

Chittim (= Cyprus: Hebrew), 187

Chlorite splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Chonta wood (Guilielma speciosa), 42

Chopper-blade (Roman), 257

— knife, Hittite, 176

Choppers, Egyptian, 161

Chopper-shaped blade at Mycenæ, 229

Christianity in the Indian Peninsula, 219 n

Chrysaor, 180

Chrysochalcos (‘the king of metals’), 86 n

Chrysocolla (derivation of the word), 85 n

Cidaris or tiara, Persian, 209

Cimbri, a Keltic people, 273

Cinctorium (Roman general’s Sword), 257

Cingulum (waist-belt: Roman), 258

Cinyras (legendary Tyrio-Cyprian king), 188

Circumcision an African practice, 150

— stone knives used in, 46, 69

City of Priam (Troas), 190

Cladibas (claidab), 266 n

Claidab (= Spatha), 196

Classes of Hindú weapons, 214

Claymore, 123, 130

Cleaver of the Habshi people, 170

‘Close-Sword,’ Roman, 258

Clothes-pins in the Troas, 191

Club, 20, 32

— development into the Sword, 39 sq.

Club-Swords, 32 n;

Queensland, 44

Clubs of copper, 67

Cluden (juggler’s Sword), 258

Clypeus (Roman shield), 246 n

Cobalt (in Ireland), 65

Cock-fighting in the Canary Islands, 254 n

Codicilli (tablets), 225

Coffins of granite, 81

Cohorts (of Roman army), 246 n

Coin of copper and zinc, 84

Colchians, 210

Cold-wrought (hammered) copper weapons, 65

Colichemarde blade, 135

‘Collery’ (throwing-stick), 38

Colophonium (resin used for soldering), 85 n

Colossal Greek statues, 241 n

Coluber Haja (Cobra di Capello; asp), 33 n

Combats of various animals, 9

Comb found in Nimrúd’s palace, 105

Combinations (earliest) of metals, 74 sqq.

Comitialis morbus, 260 n

Comparison of Man and the lower animals, 5

Confederacy of Etruscan cities, 194

Cong copper mines, 169

Congo Sword, 165

Contus (Roman cavalry spear), 246, 248

Contus (wooden pike), Gallic, 269

Convolvulus lanifolius, 111

Coot (its method of attack), 12

Copenhagen scramsahs, 272 n

Copper, 22 n, 30;

alloys, 53, 57;

the art of hardening it, 53 sq.;

cutting instruments of, 54 n;

copper prior to iron, 55

Copper Age (of weapons), 53;

anterior to bronze, 72

— and brass (alloy), 84

— and gold (alloy), 83

— and tin (alloy), 81

— arms and armour, Ancient Hellenic, 222

— arrow-piles, 65

— bracelet, 72 n

— celts, 57, 72

— coinage (Chinese), 64;

of the Hindus, 70

— hatchets, 65;

rakes and hammers, ib.;

vases, 68

— in Europe, 64;

in America, 65 sqq.

— knives, Trojan, 191

— mines, Chile, 68;

Midian, 102;

of South-Eastern Africa, 170 n

— nails (Greenland, &c.), 65

— placed in a corpse’s mouth, 68

— sheets for flooring (ancient), 55

— statuettes (coated with precious metals), 67

— Swords, 70;

in Troas, 192

— tools in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 69

— trumpets, 221

Copper-trade of Cyprus, 188

‘Cops’ (of metal), 111

Coptic language, 146

Coquimbite (Pampua or white copperas), 68

Core-casting (of metal), 221

Cornicines, 248

Cornu (musical instrument: Roman), 248

Cornwall, mineral fields of, 275

Coronarium (copper coated with ox-gall), 87

Corrugated iron blades, 119 n

Corrugated Sword of Africa, 171

Corsican forge, 102 n

Corundum in Midian, 171 n

Corybantes, 74 sq.

Cosmogony, Hebrew, 148 sq.

Cotton dresses, Ancient Indian, 211

Cottus diceraus, 10

Counterfeit pearls in Ancient Egypt, 148

Counterguard of a Sword, 125, 138

Coupe-choux Sword, 134, 164

Coustilliers, 185

Coustrils or Custrils, 185

Couteau-de-chasse, 210

Covinus (war-chariot), 269

Cow (its method of defence), 7

Crane, white (American bird), 9

Crannog (its derivation), 27

Crease (= Krís, Malay weapon), 137, 166

Creation, Hebrew idea of, 148 sq.

Cremation in the Early Bronze Age, 96

— (of bodies) at Mycenæ, 234

Crepitaculum (sacred rattle), 151

Crests (in heraldry), 40 n

Cretans (ἀεὶ ψεῦσται), 97 n

Crickets (cicadæ) as ornaments at Mycenæ, 233

Crimea, Scythian graves in the, 227

Cross of the Coptic Christians, 192 n

Crossbow, 19 n, 165

— rat-trap, 37 n

Cross guard of a Sword, 125

Crucibles (at Schliemann’s Troy), 82

— four-footed, in the Troas, 191

Crucifixion (Assyrian punishment), 203

Cruelties of the Assyrians, 203

Cruithing (= Picts; origin of the name), 279 n

Crusade, the First, 218

Crutch and dagger (combined) of antelope horn, 12

Crux ansata (Egyptian Cross), 192 n

Crystal chips on spears, 51

— lens (Nineveh), 202

Crystal-cutting in Cyprus, 188

Cuchillo (Spanish clasp-knife), 39

Cuirass, Roman centurion’s, 248

Cultellarii, 185

Culture in Troy, 193

Cuneiform inscriptions (Bayrut), 200 n

— syllabarium, 200 n

— symbol for iron, 104

Cuneus (tactical formation), 273 n

Cupel (crucible; derivation of the word), 111 n

Cupriferous sandstones, 67

Cup-sling, 19

Curetes, 74 sq.

Curium treasure, the, 189

Currus falcatus (scythe war-car: Ancient Britain), 276

Curtle-axe (= cutlass), 140

Curved broadsword, 96

— type of Sword, 127 sq.

‘Curved thrust,’ 133 sq.

Cushito-Asiatic (Ethiopian) tribes, 188

Cuspis (point of a Sword: Roman), 255 n

Customs of the Ancient Germans, 273

Cut-and-thrust weapons, 123

Cutlass, 123, 140, 211

Cutting edge of a Sword, 129

— or trenchant weapons (origin of), 12

Cyanus (steel), 221;

Dr. Schliemann’s translation of, 222 n;

of Pliny (lapis lazuli), ib.

Cybele (Dea Multimamma), 192 n

Cyclopes, 75 sq.

‘Cyclopean Wall’ (in the Argolid), 76

Cylinder of gold at Mycenæ, 229

Cymbals at the feast of Rhea (in Varro), 58

Cymbals of tin and copper, 81 n

Cynocephali, 2

Cyprian dagger, 173

— Venus (worship of), 188 n

Cypriote (Ancient) characters, 225

— art, 187

— contingent of Xerxes’ army, 188

— manufacture of arms and armour, 188

— names of places, 188

— syllabary, 188 sq.

Cyprus, its epithet ærosa, 58;

derivation of the name, 59;

account of, 186 sq.

Cyrus, 209

Dacians on Trajan’s column, 262

Dacian Sword, 262

Dagger (derivation of the word), 215 n

Dagger-formed knives, 169 n

Dagger-forms from Persepolis, 211

Dagger-Swords, 166;

Assyrian, 204

Daggers, Assyrian, 205

— of bone, 26

— of bronze, 78 n

— of copper, 79

— of iron (Egyptian), 100

— used by the Persians, 210

— with rapier-blade (Theban), 195 n

Dagon (etymology of the word), 181

Dah (= Dáo: Burmah), 140

Dahome, Swords of the King of, 167

Dalwel (Burmese Sword), 219

Damascened steel, Cypriote, 188

Damask-work (on weapons), 83, 110 n, 112, 151 n

‘Damascus blade,’ 132, 142

Damascus (Persian) scymitar, 265

Damnameneus, 75

Danish Scramasax, 263

— Swords, 236

‘Danisko’ (African weapon), 163, 237

Dankali Sword, 165

Dáo (weapon of the Nága tribe, Assam), 140

Darius the Mede, 209

Dark Continent, chief weapons of the, 162

Darts and stones (ancient Lybian weapons), 16

David’s sling, 19;

his copper helmet, 70

Deadbook, the, 147

Dearg Umha (red copper; Keltic), 65

Decalogue derived from the Dead-book, 150

Decimal and duodecimal systems in Assyria, 202 n

Deer-horn arrow-heads, 24

Defensive armour of bronze, Roman, 254

Defensive weapons (of Animals and Savages), 6

— of the Cimbri, 274

Degan (dagger: Cimbrian), 274

Degen (kind of dagger: German), 215 n

Degeneration of Roman soldiers, 261

Deinotherium, 4

Deities standing on animals, 176

Denderah Zodiac, 155 n

Densare (meaning of the term), 107

Description of bronze Swords of Ancient Britons, 277 sq.

— of the Ancient Britons, 275, 277

Devanagari alphabet, 189

Development of Man, 5 sq.

— of the celt, 88 n

Devil, the, 181

Dha or Dhow (Indian knife), 219

Dhanu (personification of the bow: Hindú), 214

Dhanurvidya (Bow-Science: Indian), 213

Dies Alliensis, 267

Dimacheri (gladiators), 252

Diodon, 44

Diorite axe bored by means of a bow, 191 n

Diorite (? basalt) implements at Mycenæ, 53 n

— in Ancient Egypt, 171 n

Dioscuri, 75

‘Distaff-side’ relationship, 188 n

Divination in Assyria, 202

‘Doctored’ bullets, 26 n

Dolche (daggers), 30, 273

Dolls in Ancient Egypt, 148

Dolphins in the Nile, 9

Door-hinges in Nimrúd’s palace, 105

Door-sockets of bronze, Assyrian, 202

Double balteus (Roman), 258 n

Double-edged Sword blades (Wahumla tribe), 169

Double-headed eagle (at Eyub), 176

Double-sided comb in Nimrúd’s palace, 105

Dowris bronze, 87

— copper, 53

‘Dowris metal,’ 181, 276

Dragon’s blood, 87 n

Dress-pins (women’s) of copper, 67

Draughts (game of) in Ancient Egypt, 148

‘Drawing-cut,’ 131

Duel of Manlius Torquatus and the Gaul, 267

— origin of, 267 n

Duelling weapons, 135

Dumb-bells, 250

‘Dunner-Saxen’ (Lower Saxony), 272 n

Düsack (weapon), 123

Eagle, imperial, 246 n

Early Iron Age in Britain, 276

— — — of weapons, 97

Ears of a Sword, 124

Eastern heraldry, 140

Edge of a Sword, 124

Egypt (Ancient), geography of, 145

— architecture in, 148

— art and science in, 147 sq.

— heraldry in, 147 sq.

— its military system, 152 sqq.

— its monotheism, 149

— law code of, 147

— music, painting, and sculpture in, 148

— the cradle land of language, 146

— the fountain head of knowledge, 147

Egyptian arch, 201

— choppers, 161

— cutlasses, 211

— daggers, 157

— flag (five-rayed star on), 147 n

— gilding (on bronze), 81

— metallurgy, 80

— names for the Sword, 123, 155 sq.

— phalanx, 155

— Sphinx, 190 n

— Swords, 157;

in Cyprus, 189

— word-roots, 146 n

Egyptians (Ancient), their origin, 143 sq.

El-darakah (Arabic shield), 12 n

Electricity, the marvellous displays of in Central Africa, 119

Electrum (derivation of the word), 86 n

Elephants armed with Swords, 216

— Indian and African, 3 n

Elephant-Sword, 216

Elephant-trunk ornaments, 67 n

Elephant (use of a weapon by), 3;

its stroke or blow, 7

El-Khauf maksum, 6

El-Khizr (the Green Prophet), 179

Emblems of the Egyptian nomes, 147

Emu, 4

Enamel, Assyrian, 202

Enfield Sword-bayonet, 134 n

‘Englishmen of Antiquity,’ 275

English gladiatorism, 253

Engraving on copper plates, 55 n

Ensigns in Ancient Roman army, 246 n

Ensis, 247;

etymology of the word, 254

Entering angle, 132

Enthytonon, 19

Epitaph of Eshmunazar, 179

‘Epos of Peutaur,’ 101, 147

Erin (etymology of the name), 192 n

Ἐριόκομοι, 144 n

‘Erythræans,’ the original, 182 n

Escrime (fencing: derivation of the word), 272 n

Essedum (war chariot), 269, 277 n

Eshmunazar (King of the Sidonians), 179

Eskimos, 3

Espadon, 123, 161

‘Esquimaux’ (origin of the word), 3 n

Estain (= stannum: Gall.), 65

Esther (= Amestris), 210 n

Ἑστία, 1 n

Ethiopian stone-tipped arrows, 154 n

Etruscan and Latin affinities with Lydian, 194

— armilla of bronze, 196

‘Etruscan Bologna,’ 196

Etruscan commerce, 197

— inscriptions, 197

— iron lance-point, 196

— œnochoe, 196

— razors, 202 n

Etruscans (account of the people), 195

Eucalyptus-wood sabres, 44

Eunuchs, 206, 207 n

Exchange of war-prisoners, Roman, 241

Executioner, Assyrian, 207

Executioner’s Sword, 139

Exodus of tribes from Ancient Germany, 270

Expanding celt, 270

Experiments in alloys, 83

Fabri (Sappers: Roman army), 249

Face-guard of iron, 258

Facon or Cuchillo (Spanish clasp-knife, as a missile), 18

Falchion of Ashanti, &c., 139;

of Ancient Egypt, 155 sq.

— of Cilicia, 182

— of gold, 212

Falchion-shaped weapons, 32

Falconry in Ancient Egypt, 148

‘Falling on the Sword,’ 184 sq.

Falx (origin of the falchion), 253 n

Famagosta (etymology of the name), 190

Famous Swordsmen of old, 240 n

Fancy Swords, Roman, 258;

weapons, 204

‘Fans’ (= Mpangwe negros, Gaboon River), 37 n

Feathers as military decorations, 247 n

Fecial College, the, 244 sq.

Felidæ (their strokes or blows), 7

Fencing-foil, 123

Fencing-schools, Roman, 249, 251

Fenni (Finns), 274

Ferentarii (Roman soldiers), 245

Ferro-manganese, 108

Ferrum (= Sword; Roman), 254

— candidum, 108

— indicum, 107, 109, 110

— sericum, 109

Fenekh (= Phœnicians), 178

Fibrolite-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Fibulæ of copper, 72

Field-marshal’s bâton, 33

Figg (English prize-fighter), 253

Fighting-cocks in Ancient Greece, 254 n

Fil (of a Sword), 137

Fil et pointe (cut-and-thrust weapons), 123

Finds in Cimbrian barrows, 274

— in old tumuli, 271

— of Cyprian weapons, 188 sqq.

— of Dr. Schliemann in the Troas, 190 sq.

Fingal’s war-cars (Ossian), 277 n

Fir-bolgs (bag-men, Belgæ?), 64

Fir-cone, the, as an architectural ornament, 201

Fire, 1, 2 n, 20

Firearms among the Ancient Hindus (?), 214 n

‘First Highlander,’ the, 217

Fist-sword (stiletto), 215

First lesson in iron, 99

Fishes (their means of attack or defence), 9 sq.

Five-rayed star (on Egyptian flag), 147 n

Flagellum (gladiatorial scourge), 253

Flail, 20

Flails used as weapons, 95

Flamberg, Flammberg, Flamberge, 123, 136

‘Flaming Sword’ (of the Cherubim: Eden), 183

‘Fleam-money’ (among the Fans), 118

Flint-ateliers (ancient), 102

Flint-flakes, 13;

knives, 20;

‘Swords,’ 45

Flint-knappers (caillouteurs), 45

Flint poniards, 46;

hatchet-sabre, ib.

Flissa (weapon: North Africa), 123, 163, 237, 265

‘Flood,’ the, 149

Fluxing (method of treating ores), 65

Foil with French guard, 133

Foining weapon, 123

‘Fonderia di Bologna,’ 196 n

‘Forethought,’ 1

Forges, 102

Forked blade, 141

Forked Sword (Assyria), 141

Fortifications, Assyrian, 203

Fox-shark (Thresher; Carcharias vulpes), 7

Framea (derivation of the word), 270 n

Framée, the oldest, 270

Francisque or taper axe, 94

Frankish Italians, 270 n

— spear-blade, 171

Franks (meaning of the name), 271

French fencing-foil, 124

Fronstetten scramsahs, 272 n

Fuel used in iron-smelting, 121

Funda (sling of the Etruscans), 245

Funeral urns of copper, 69

Fur-coats, Gallic, 269

Furnace-calamine (impure oxide of zinc), 86

Furnaces (Indian) for iron-smelting, 111 n

Fuscina (gladiatorial weapon), 253

Fusil Gras, 134

Fussängel, 1

Fustanella (kilt), 247 n

‘Fustibale’ (fustibulus), 19

Future state, Egyptian ideas of a, 150

Fylfot (crutched cross: North of Europe), 202 n

Gabbro-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Gæsum (Roman weapon), 246 n, 268

Gæsatæ (= hastati), 268 n

Galatæ (= Roman term Galli), 238 n

Γαλάται (etymology of the word), 266 n

Galla Sword, 163

Gallia Comata, 269;

Bracchata, ib.;

Togata, 270

Gallic daggers, 267

— Italians, 270 n

— javelins, 268

— machairæ-blades, 266

— manner of battle, 269

‘Gallic Sword,’ 254, 266

Gallic women in battle, 269

Gallo-Greek (= Galatians, Keltic Gauls), 238 n

— Swords, 238

Ga-ne-u-ga-o-dus-ha (Iroquois deer-horn war-club), 28

Gardening in Ancient Egypt, 148

Gasterosteus (‘stickleback’), 10

Gastrapheta, 19

Gath (its site), 186

Gaulish element in Etruria (?), 196 sq.

Gaza (site of), 186

Gem-engraving, Assyrian, 202

— in Cyprus, 188

General ‘No Importa’ (Spanish), 261

Generals, first duty of, 260 n

Genii of Death (Egyptian), 149

Geography of Ancient Egypt, 145

Geometry in Ancient Egypt, 148

— in Assyria, 202 n

Georgic (age of primitive Archæology), 5 n

German Empire, 270

— main-gauche, 136

— silver (packfong; of China), 64 n

Germani (Alemanni), weapons of the, 270

Germania, Ancient (its land and people), 270

Germanism, 270

Gessum (meaning of the word), 268 n

Getæ (Scandinavian Goths), 274

Gharapuri (cave-town; Bay of Bombay), 217

Gilding bronze, 81

Giraffe (its kick), 7

Girding on the Sword, 185

‘Giving point,’ 127

Gizzin (Assyrian weapon), 204 n

Glacial Drift Age, 5 n

Gladius, 247;

etymology of the word, 254

— Hilius, 256, 268

Gladiatorial shows, 249, 251 sq.

Gladiatorism, 249 sq.

Glaive (origin of the weapon), 89 n, 123;

leaf-shaped, 165

Glaives edged with sharks’ teeth, 49

Glass (derivation of the word), 48 n;

used on spears, 48;

the fable of its discovery by the Sidonians, 54

Glass-cutting in Cyprus, 188

Glass-making in Ancient Egypt, 148

Gleditschia, 6

Globe-fish, spines of, 24

Glove, Hittite, 176

Gnu (its method of defence), 9

Goat standing on the top of a pin (figure at Mycenæ), 233

Goat’s horns as volutes, 201

Goddesses with mural crowns, 176

God kings (= ‘Dynasty of the Gods’: Egypt), 145

‘God save the King,’ of Egyptian origin, 149 n

Goidels (Gauls), 275

Gold and silver ornaments in Cyprus, 188

Gold Coast Swords, 167

— coined by the Lydians, 194

— dust at Mycenæ, 229

— Egyptian words for, 151

— esteemed (by the ancients) less valuable than copper, 56

— its representation in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 69

‘Golden axe’ of Ashanti, 167 n

Golden bridle, 212

— calf, the, 183

— cannons (Baroda), 162

— celt, 212

— falchion, 212

— hatchet, 89

— plated wooden Sword-handle (Mycenæ), 228

— scymitar, 212

— shoulder-belts (Mycenæ), 228, 231

— Sword-belt, 212

— tiara, 212

Goldsmith’s work at Mycenæ, 233

Goliath of Gath (his armour of copper), 70

Golîyo (weapon: Baghirmi), 163, 237

Gonfanon (its etymology), 246 n

Gorillas, 2

Goths, Scandinavian, 274

‘Græcia mendax,’ 226

Græco-Italic race, the, 186, 270 n

Granite coffins, 81

Γράφειν (its original meaning), 225

Graver (pick?) in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), 61

Graving-points, 171 n

‘Great Armenia,’ 209 n

Great Pyramid, the, 147

Greaves, 247;

of copper, 70

Grecian Sphinx, 190 n

Greek accents, 220 n

— bronzes (analysis of), 82

— cavalry Swords, 248

— combatants, 240

— epigraphs at Mycenæ, 225

— fashion of carrying the Sword, 239, 248

— infantry Sword, 237

— metallurgy came from Egypt, 105

— statues, colossal, 241 n

— tactics, 241

— warfare, 241

Greeks, the, as soldiers, 242

‘Green copper’ (= bronze: Chinese), 64

Greenstone- (diorite-) splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Greenwood fuel used in iron-smelting, 112

Grey copper ore (in Ireland), 65

Grip of a Sword, 124

Γροσφὸς (= throw-stick), 34

Guanaco, 7

Guanches (Wánshi; origin of the word), 16 n

Guard plates (Sword), in Gaul, 257 n

Guards of a Sword, 124

Guilielma speciosa (chonta-wood), 42

Guilloche-scroll (architectural ornament), 202

Guillons, 51

Guisarme (Gisarme or Bisarme), 95

Guitar (etymology of the word), 187 n

Gules (in heraldry; derivation), 140 n

Gunnar’s bill, 95

Gunpowder age (of weapons), 20 n;

use of gunpowder, 31 n

Gymnasia, Hellenic, 239

Gymnastics of the Spartans, 240

Gyno-Sphinx (Egypt), 190 n

Hâches votives, 89

Hades (derivation of the word), 221

Hæmatite-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Haft-Júsh (‘seven boilings’ of metal: Persian), 221

Hair-dyes in Ancient Egypt, 148

Hairpins of bronze, 30

Hair-shears (Roman) of æs, 56

Halberts of copper, 67

Hall-bard (Icelandic weapon), 91

Hallstadt, finds of ancient weapons at, 262

Halteres (dumb-bells: Roman), 250

Hamasti (Sword-blade: Assyrian), 204 n

Hamata (Roman armour), 248 n

Hamathite Inscriptions, the, 177

Hamatum (barb-head spear), 181

Hammered iron-work in Mesopotamia, 104

Hammers of copper, 67

Hammer-wrought plating, 81

Hamus ferreus, 14 n

Hand-celts, 20

Hand-hatchet, 88

Hand-stones, 2;

among the Hottentots, 17;

among modern Syrians and Arab Bedawin, ib.

Hand-thrusting instruments, 133

Hanger, 123

Hankow-steel, 115

Harbah (a dart: Arabic), 184

Harness (derivation of the word),] 97

Harpé (Ἅρπη: etymology of the word), 180

— of Cronos (Perseus’ weapon), 180

Harpoon-heads of reindeer-horn, 29 n

Hastarii (Roman soldiers), 246

Hastati (Roman soldiers), 246

Hastile (Roman javelin: Virgil), 246 n

Hatchet-boomerang, 38;

-sabre, 46

Hatchet of gold, 89

Hatchets of iron in the ‘Odyssey,’ 225

‘Hathi’ (‘the handed’: Hindoo epithet for the elephant), 3

Hauberks, Assyrian, 203

Hauranic stone doors, 264 n

Hawk-beaded Horus, 181

Haye (military term), 245

Heads of fallen foes kept as trophies (Gallic custom), 269

Headsman’s weapon, 139

Hebrew arms and armour, 183

— Iron Age, 103

— lepers in Ancient Egypt, 174 n

— metallurgy, 183

— tenets borrowed from Egypt, 148 sq.

Heft of a Sword, 124

Hegesias or Stasinus: his ‘Kypria,’ 221 n

Held (champion: German), 271

Heliolatry of the Andes, 67 n

Hellenes, their character, manners and customs, 239 sq.

Hellenic gymnasia and palæstræ, 239

— reading of the Bards, 220 n

Helmet of iron, in Nimrúd’s palace, 105

Helmets, Roman, 246

Henna-shrub (of Cyprus; Lawsonia inermis), 49

Hephæstus (derivation of the word), 62 n

Heraldry, Eastern, 140 n

— in Ancient Egypt, 147

Hercules, 75

Hercules’ shield and Sword, 222

Hereba (Phœnician weapon: = Harpé), 180

Hermotybians (Egyptian soldiers), 152

Hern (its method of defence), 9

Herodotus (character of his work), 225 sq.

— on the age of Homer and Hesiod, 220

Heroes of Greece, the age of the, 220

‘Hero’s arm,’ the (Virgil), 254

Herse (military term), 245

Hesiod, age of, 220

Hide-scabbard, 160

Hierarchy, Jewish (whence borrowed), 150

Hieroglyphic signs for iron, 99

Hilt of a Sword, 124

Hilts of Ancient German Swords, 272

Hilt-guards of a Sword, 124

Hilt-plate of a Sword, 124

Hindiah or Hindiyáneh (= ferrum indicum), 107

Hindú alphabet, 219 n

— copper coinage, 70

— metaphysics, 214

— mythology, 219 n

— names for steel, 110 n

— sabre, 215

— trial of Sword-metal, 110 n

— warriors, 215

Hippopotamus, its method of attack, 9;

home of the, 205 n

Hiram of Tyre, 182

Hisárlik, the finds at, 106, 190 sqq., 227

History of Ancient Egypt, 144 sq.

Hithism, 176

Hittites, 172 sqq.

Hittite boots, 176

— bronze tablet, 176

— hieroglyphs, 176 sq.

— language, 177 n

— phalanx, 175

— representation of the human figure, 176

— seals, 176

— syllabary, 176

Hoang-ta-tie (the Chinese ‘literary blacksmith’), 115

Holosphyraton (hammer-work), 221

‘Holy City’ of Miletus, 242 n

‘Holy-water sprinkler,’ 20

Homa (Assyrian ‘Tree of Life’), 202

Homer, age of, 220

Homeric names for the Sword, 222

Homo Darwiniensis, 5

— sapiens, 5

Honeysuckle as an architectural ornament, 202

Hoofs of animals used as armour, 29 n

Hooked-edge (of a Sword), 138

Hoplites (heavy-armed Greek soldier), 240

Hoplology, 1;

orders of, 6

Hoplomachi (gladiators), 252

Hoplotherium, 4

Hor-Apollo (= Harpocrates), 191 n

Hormuzd and Ahriman, 180

Horn-helmet, 29 n

Horn war-clubs, 24;

other instruments, 27;

horn-arm in Homer, 27;

various implements, 29

Horse, its method of defence, 7;

known to the Ancient Egyptians, 152 n

Horse-hoofs used as armour, 29 n

Horus (Egyptian god), 178

Hottentots, 3 n;

origin of the word, 17

House-furniture in Ancient Egypt, 148

Human-headed bull, Assyrian, 203 n

Human sacrifices in Ancient Egypt, 156 n

‘Hunga munga’ (weapon: Lake Chad), 37

Hünnenringe, 271

Hunting among the Ancient Germans, 273

— Assyrian, 203

Hunting-dresses in Ancient Egypt, 148

Hurud (iron; Chaldæan), 104

Hydraulic pressure (an ancient form of), 54

— — for hardening bronze, 81

Hydraulics in Ancient Egypt, 148

Hyksos (Shepherd-kings), 103, 173, 186 n

Iapetus, legend of, 1

Iberian Alfânge (El-Khanjar), 29

— blade (Spatha), 256

Iberic blade in Rome, 197

Icelandic Hall-bard, 91

Ida (derivation of), 106 n

Idæi Dactyli, 74 sq., 106

‘Iliad,’ metal-working tools in the, 221

Ili (hand-sword: Hindú), 215

Imbricated armour, Assyrian, 203

Imitation and Progress, 5

Impedimenta (baggage: Roman army), 249

Indian architecture, 219 n

— gold coinage (?), 214 n

— legendary myths, 213

— sabres, 137

— steel, 109, 218 sq.

— weapons, 185

‘Indo-European’ (applied to a language), 193 n

‘Ineffable Name,’ the (its origin), 149

Infantry ‘regulation’ sword, 129

Inflated skins (as floats for soldiers: Assyrian), 203

Ingots of tin (Mexican), 82

Inlaid iron saucer, 106 n

‘Inner Sea,’ 179

Innuit, 3 n

Inscription (Assyrian) on a Sword at Nardin, 207

Inscriptions (rock) traced with flint flakes, 49 n

‘Inside-edge’ weapons, 235, 237

Intaglio’d gold at Mycenæ, 229 sqq.

Invasion of England by Anglo-Saxons, 275

Iphicrates’ improvement of Greek arms and armour, 237

Iranian (language), 146 n

Irish copper swords, 57

Irish race (their origin), 65 n

‘Iron Age,’ 22 n, 23 n

Iron among the Aryans, 108

Iron among the Romans, 107

‘Iron-built’ cities of the Ancient Hindús, 219 n

Iron cannon first cast, 117 n

— chain-armour, Assyrian, 203

— chisels (Etruscan), 197

— dirk worshipped by the Scythians, 226

— face-guard, 258

Iron-flakes, surface (Cape of Good Hope), 119

Iron glance (specular iron, oligiste), 107

— hasps and nails, 100

— in Africa, 117

— in Assyria, 105

— in China, 112 sq.

— in Egypt, 100

— in German myths, 271

— in Homer, 108

— in India, 108 sq.

— in Madagascar, 116

— in the Pentateuch, 103

— in Tacitus, 225

— introduction of in Greece, 69, 97;

derivation of the word, 97 n

— keys at Mycenæ, 106

— knives, 100, 106

— known to Homer and Hesiod, 221

— on the American continent, 116

— rare in ancient Germany, 271

— sheaths for Swords, 222

— sickle, 100

— sling-bullet, 191

Iron-smelting on the Libanus, 103

Ironstone in ancient Bashan, 103

— weapons, 52

Iron Swords, Etruscan, 195

— — of Italian tribes, 265

— treated of by Aristotle, 106

Iron-wood, 40

Iron-working Age of India, 109

— in Japan, 115 sq.

Italian foil, 124

— poison daggers, 51

Italy (modern), its two races, 270 n

Iverapema (‘Iwarapema’), 42

Ivernii (Irish non-Celts: Ptolemy), 279

Ivory-carving, Assyrian, 202

Jacaná (Parra; American bird), 9

Jaculum (Roman javelin), 246 n

Jade Pattu-Pattus, 25, 47;

derivation of ‘jade,’ 47 n

Jadite (and jade) splinters for wooden swords, 47

Janghiz Khan, 227

Japanese blade, 139

— copper, 64

— ingots, 64

— iron, 116

— liquation of argentiferous copper, 83

— stone-chopper, 52

Jauhar (‘jewel’ or ribboning of a ‘Damascus’ blade), 112

Javanese blade, 215

— sculptures, 218

Javelineers, Roman, 248

Javelins, 20, 66, 90;

Ancient Roman, 246 n

— for recruits, Roman, 249

Javelin of the Samnites, 266 n

Jáyá (mother of all weapons: Hindú), 214

Jeanne d’Arc’s Sword, 184 n

Jehovah (Yahveh), its etymology and mystic meaning, 149 n

Jewish coinage of copper, 70

‘Jewish face,’ the, 150 n

Jewish manner of wearing the Sword, 184

Jízeh Pyramid, 100

Joseph’s position in Egypt, 103

Judgment after death, Egyptian ideas of, 150

Julian the Apostate (his armour), 258

Julius Cæsar as a general, 260

Jumbiyah (crooked dagger of the Arabs), 29

Jumbul-wood, 112

Jutland, celts, &c., of, 274 n

Kabeiroi (Cabiri), 74 sq.

Kabyle Flissa, 265

Kachhá (pig-iron), 111

Kadesh, site of, 174 n

Kakhi (brass), 87

Kakku (Assyrian weapon), 204 n

Káma-Shastra (Ars amoris: Hindú), 215

Kanaruc, Temple of, 109

Kangaroo (its method of defence), 12

Κάννα (Lat. canna; whence ‘cannon’), 14 n

Kan-top, Indian, 204

Kasabet (brass), 87

Kasios (Zeus), 1 n

Kaskara (Swords: Baghirmi), 162

‘Kassiteros,’ in Homer, 227

Katuriyeh (? = Cateia: Gujarát), 38

‘Kawas’ (hand-stone), 18

Keil (wedge: cuneus) form of attack, 273

Kelan (Hittite slingers), 175

Kelmis, 75

Κέλται (etymology of the word), 266 n

Keltic aborigines of the British Isles, 275

— (?) finds at Mycenæ, 106

— Gauls, weapons of, 266

— miners’ tools, 107 n

Κελτικὸν θράσος, 266 n

Kelto-Scandinavian swords (miscalled Anglo-Saxon), 139

Kemi (meaning of the word), 145 n

Kemite copper mines (in Midian), 102

Keteian or Cetian (in Homer), 172

Ketos (Canis Carcharias), 180

Kettles of copper, 69

Key-pattern (architectural ornament), 202

Keys of iron at Mycenæ, 106

Khadga (Hindú Sword), 214 sqq.

Khanjar, 266

Khanjar-dagger, 212

Khanjar (Georgian weapon), 159

— of Persia and India, 29

Khesbet (metal connected with tin), 87

Kheten (war-axes; Egyptian), 154, 158

Khita (Hittites), 200

— people, description of, 175;

their armour, weapons, &c., ib.

Khita-land, the Sword in, 172 sq.

Khoi-Khoi, 3 n, 17

Khnemu (gnomes), 75

Khopsh (kopis; Egyptian Sword), 156, 266

Khorasáni blades, 114 n

Kilt, ancient, 247 n

King Blay of Attábo, Sword made by, 142 n, 168

King-crab (Limulus), 24

King Koffee’s umbrella, 167 n

Kinnúr (Hebrew lyre), 187 n

Kinyá (arm-knife: Baghirmi), 162

Kirab-sar (Hittite writer of books), 173

Kiry (Kerry: Kafir weapon), 28

Kitár (Hindú weapon), 140

Kleydv (Welsh Sword), 279

Klingenthal Sword-manufactory, 132

Κνήστεις (Athenian weapons), 237

Knief (ancient German weapon), 272

Knife-Sword (Ancient Egyptian), 155

Knife, the (preceded the saw), 13;

as a missile, 18

Knights of Malta: their Swords, 162

Knives edged with sharks’ teeth, 49

— of iron at Mycenæ, 106

Knobkerries, 32 n

Knob-stick (development into the Sword), 44

Knuckle-duster (cestus of the classics), 7

Kobongs (Australian tribal ‘crests’), 40 n

Κοπίς, not mentioned in Homer, 224;

= Egyptian ‘Khopsh,’ 235;

the weapon of the Giants, and of the Amazons, 235 sq.;

peculiarity of the weapon, 236

Kopis of the Gauls, 266 n

— Spanish, 265

Korah (Nepaul weapon), 265

Koran-reading, 220 n

Kordofan, rude kind of bellows in, 120

Krís (= crease: Malay weapon), 137, 166, 212

Kukkri blade of Ghurkas, 236

Kukkri or Gurkha Sword-knife, 39, 217 n, 265

Kulbeda (weapon of the Nyam-Nyams), 37

Κύων, 1 n

Κύπρος (meaning of the word), 58

‘Kurs’ (bloom: of metal), 112

Kurush (= Κῦρος, Cyrus), 209 n

‘Kypria’ of Stasinus, the, 221 n

Labarum (Roman standard), 246 n

Λάβρα (= πέλεκυς: Lydian), 89

Labrandian Jove, 89

‘La boxe Française,’ 254

Lacquer or varnish (on metals), 84

Lance, Assyrian, 202

Lances of sago-wood, 23

Lancehead of bronze at Mycenæ, 230

— of fish-bone, 23

— of pure copper, 57

Language, articulate (three periods of), 74 n

Lanista (Roman maître d’armes), 249

Lapis lazuli (= cyanus in Pliny), 222 n

Laqueatores (Roman gladiators), 210 n

Larissa (lance, Middle Ages), 182

Larnaca (etymology of the name), 187

Lasso, the, in Ancient Egypt, 210 n

— of the Roman gladiators, 210 n

— South American, 210 n

Lassos of plaited thongs (Persian), 210

Lát (iron pillar of Delhi), 109

‘Latchen’-blade, 135

Lateral blades (of a Sword) moved by a spring, 136

Laterite, 118

Latin blood in English race, 277

Latrunculi (Roman game), 218

Latten (derivation of the word), 85

Laufi or Laf (Sword), 123

Lava-splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Lawsonia inermis (‘kopher,’ henna-shrub), 59

Laws of the Visigoths, weapons in the, 272 n

Lead, scoriæ of, 82

— and silver in Spain, 107

Lead-bronze in Ireland, 276

Leaf-shaped dagger and the rapier, connection of, 278

Leather sheath (for Swords), 160

Lebes-chauldron, 192

Legion of the ancient Roman army, 245 sq.

Leiste (guard-plate: German), 272

Lemovii (Pomerania), 274

Length of Ancient Greek Swords, 238

— of Ancient Indian Sword, 216 n

— of Egyptian Swords, 159

— of Roman spear (Tacitus), 271

Leowel (pick), 37

Lepers, Hebrew, in Ancient Egypt, 174 n

Leptolithic age, 5 n

Libyan (Ancient) weapons, 162

‘Life,’ 261 n

Ligaunians (Etruria), 196

Lignarii (Sappers: Roman army), 249

Limulus (king-crab), 24

Linen at Mycenæ, 232

‘Line of direction’ in a Sword, 129

Lingua di bove (Sword shape: Italian), 166, 239

Lion (its stroke or blow), 7

Liquation of argentiferous copper (in Japan), 83

Lisán (‘tongue’-weapon), 32, 154

Λισσότριχοι, 144 n

Litholatry, 1 n

‘Live iron’ (= loadstone), 102

Livy’s Phalanx, 246 n;

Legion, ib.

Lixæ (camp-followers: Roman), 249

Llama, 7

Loadstone in the Troas, 191

Long-handed Danish Sword, 274

Long-hefted axe (Norman), 90

Longobards, 271

Long-straight Sword, 158

Long-Sword, 161

Lord High Treasurer’s white rod, 33 n

— Marshal of England’s gold truncheon, 33 n

— Steward of the Household’s white staff, 33 n

‘Lords of Asia’ (the Persians), 209

‘Lost Tribes,’ the, 151 n

Lotus, the, as an architectural ornament, 201

Lucky and unlucky marks on Eastern horses, 216

Ludus gladiatorius, 249

Lusitania, abundance of metal in, 265 sq.

Lusitanian weapons, 266

Lycian weapons, 182, 211

— tongue, the, 187 n

Lydians, account of the, 194

Lydian stone splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Macaná, 42

Macedonian phalanx, weapons of the, 237

Mace in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), 61

Machabees (etymology of the word), 185 n

Machæra (= Sword, in Homer), 224

Machairæ-blades, Gallic, 266, 268

Μάχαιραι (Angl. Sax. Meche), 161

Machairodus latidens (sabre-toothed tiger), 9

Madagascar iron, 116

Mádu or Máru (horn dagger), 11

Mahquahuith set with obsidian teeth, 67

Magic in Assyria, 202 n

— mirror of Perseus, 180

Magnet (loadstone), 102

Mail-coat on the Trajan column, 258

Mail-coats of iron in the Rig Veda, 108

Main-gauche, German, 136

Malachite (derivation of the word), 62 n

Malay krís (weapon), 137

Malga war pick, 37, 38

Mall (weapon), 88

Mallet in rock tablets (Wady Magharah), 61

Malleable bronze, 57;

copper, 66;

iron, 98

Maltese cross, 192 n

Manchette, 12 n

Maniples (of Roman army), 246 n

Mantis (the fights of), 13

Mantramukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214

Manufacture of arms and armour in Cyprus, 188

Manyuema Swordlet, 169

Maracá (sacred rattle: Brazilian Tupis), 151

Marave iron-smelting furnace, 118

‘Mar Jiryús’ (Cappadocian saint), 181

Mars worshipped by the Scythians, 227

Martel-de-fer, 28

Martinezia ciliata, 42

Máru or Mádu (horn dagger), 11

Maruduk (= Mars: Assyrian God), 207

Marzabotto blade, the (Etruscan), 195

Masks (papier-mâché) in Ancient Egypt, 148

‘Master Shoe-tye,’ 3 n

Materialism, 261 n

Mathematics in Ancient Egypt, 148

Maushtika (fist-sword; stiletto: Hindú), 215

Mawingo-wings (Pennisetum Benthami), 12

Mayence blade, 238

Media, 209 n

Mediæval sabres, 136

— split Swords, 142

Medicine in Ancient Egypt, 148

Medinah Habu, temple of, 175

Melaleuca (swamp tea-tree), 40

Melkarth (Phœnician god), 179

Μελίη (ash-tree = a bow), 254 n

Memnonium, the, 175

Meri (New Zealand weapon), 26, 47

Merodach (Babylonian god), 183

Mesopotamia, iron work in, 104

Mesopotamian astronomy, 200 n

Metal in the Hissarlik remains, 106

— replaces bone and stone in weapons, 50

— scabbards, 222 n

Metal-workers, a wandering race of, 275

Metal-working (discovery of), 51

— in China, 115

Metallic value of Dr. Schliemann’s finds, 233

Metallo-lithic Age, 22 n

Metallurgic δαίμονες, 74

Metallurgy, Assyrian, 202

— developed by ancient Egyptians, 151

— extension of from Egypt, 63

— of the Exodists, 56 n;

origin of, 74

Metals, archaic names of, 122

— in Ancient Cyprus, 186

— in Ancient Hellas, 220

— in the Troas finds, 191

Metamorphosis, 2

Meteoric-iron chips for wooden weapons, 51

Meteoric iron, 99

Meteorolites, 99 n

Method of warfare, Ancient German, 273

Mica-schist dagger (natural formation), 47

Mica-schist, mould of, 82, 191

Midas-myth, the, 187 n

Midian copper mines, 102

Mihhili Mezzir (= Sahs), 272 n

Milanese (modern), 270 n

Milesians (origin of the name), 65 n

Miletus, ‘Holy City’ of, 242 n

Militarism of the Ancient Romans, 252

Military discipline under the Roman Empire, 249

— mining (Ancient Egypt), 154

— tactics of Ancient Hindús, 218

Milites (etymology of the word), 245

Mimosa, 6, 32

Mineral fields of Cornwall, 275

‘Miners’ hammers (= stone-pounders; Ireland), 65

Miölner (hammer of Thor), 35

Mirmillones, 251

Mirrors (polished) of copper, 67

Missile fishes, 7

— weapons, 2, 6

Missiles in the Iliad, 222

‘Mixing bloods,’ 227 n

Modern Irish, character of, 279 n

Mohammed’s Sword, 141

Mokume (ornamental alloys), 83

‘Money swords’ (Chinese talismans), 64

Mongol, a special race, 227 n

Monkeys, (use of missiles by), 2

Monomachia (intaglio of gold) at Mycenæ, 234

Monodon monoceros (Narwhal or sea-unicorn), 11

Monotheism of Egypt, 149

‘Morning star,’ 20

Morra (the game) in Ancient Egypt, 148

Moses’ cradle, 149

Moslem two-headed eagle (heraldry), 176 n

Mosul (the original Ararat), 202

‘Mound-builders,’ 66, 116

‘Mountain copper’ (ὀρειχάλκον), 85

Movable tower (for sieges), 154

Mucro (edge of a Sword: Roman), 255 n

Mud bricks, Assyrian, 201

Muffle (crucible), 111 n

Muktámukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214

Muktasandhárita (class of weapons: Hindú), 214

Mulciber (= Malik Kabir: Phœnician), 179

Multibarbed or serrated weapons, 13

Mummies, Quichuan, 67 n

Mummy bodies at Mycenæ, 228

— skulls, 144

Music connected with Lydia, 194

— origin of, 15

— in Ancient Egypt, 148

Mussel-shell (the original spoon), 47 n;

and as a tip to a (thrusting) wooden Sword, 48

Muzak (wrought metal: Hebrew), 103

Mycenæ, the discoveries at, 73, 82, 106, 227 sq.

‘Mycenæ spiral,’ 233 sq.

Mycenian goldsmiths, 85 n

Mythological degradation on of Egyptian mysteries, 151

Naharayn (Mesopotamia), 104, 172

Nails of copper, 65

‘Naki-ka-kausti’ (a spectaculum at Baroda), 8 n

Names become by-words, 65 n

Napoleon Buonparte and the Arabs, 186 n

Naphtuhim (Thuhi = ‘the fair people’), 102 n

Narwhal or sea-unicorn (Monodon monoceros), 11

Naseus fronticornis, 10

National weapon of ancient Germans, 270

‘Native brass’ opposed to ‘yellow copper’ (English) 56

Native iron, 99;

steel, ib.

Natural alloys, 66, 69

Náyin (Mpangwe crossbow), 37 n

Nebo (Mercury), 207

Necklace-beads (Mycenæ), 228

Necropolis at Marzabotto (Bologna), 195 sq.

— in Valdichiana, 197

Neo-Latin names for the Sword, 123

— races, the, 270

Neolithic age, 5 n

Nephrite meri, 47;

nephrite a cure for kidney disease, 47 n

Nero, character of, 252 n

Nickeliferous iron, 99

Niello (nigellum), 83, 152

Nile-dwellers, 3 n

Nilotes, characteristics of the, 144 n

Nimrúd, Palaces of, 202 sq.

Nineveh, 200;

discoveries at, 201

Ninus, date of, 199 n, 200

Nippers of copper, 68

Njiga (weapon: Baghirmi), 163, 237

Noah (original of the name), 149

Noah’s ark, 149

Noahitic Deluge, the, 144 n, 149 n

North beats South, 261

North-European Sword not of Roman origin, 264

Northumberland stone, the, 267

Novacula, Cyprian, 189

Nuggets (copper) as bell-clappers, 67

Nuggets of iron, in Africa, 119

Nuguit (Greenland weapon), 25

Obelisks (method of forming them), 54

Obsidian daggers, 46;

splinters for wooden Swords, 47;

black obsidian spear-head, 50

Ocreæ (greaves or leggings), 247

Odysseus (etymology of the word), 224

‘Odyssey,’ the, wrought iron in, 224

Œnochoe, Etruscan, 196

Offensive weapons (of animals and savages), 6

Old Coptic language, 146

Old Persian Sword, 139

Old Spanish Swords, 265

Oligiste (iron glance, specular iron), 107

Ollaria (pot copper), 88

‘Omphalos of the earth,’ 192 n

Onager, 4;

origin of the name, 20 n

Ondanique (= ferrum indicum), 107

One-handed Swords (Mexican), 67

Onomatopœia, 4

‘Oran-Banua’ (men of the woods: Malaccan negrito aborigines), 14 n

Ὀρειχάλκον, 85

Ore smelting (discovery of), 51

Orichalcum, 85

Orientation of corpses, 234 n

Oriflamme, 246 n

Original alphabet, the, 146 sq.

Origin of the Ancient Egyptians, 143 sq.

— (suggested) of the smelting-process, 118

Orissa Sword (two-bladed), 141

Or molu, 87

Ornamental alloys (applied to Swords), 83

Ornamentation, Greek, 221

Ornaments in sepulchres at Mycenæ, 234

— set in bone, 29

Osier-bucklers (for recruits: Roman), 249

Osiris and Typhon, 180

Osiris’ ark, 149

Ostrich-feather head-gear, 158 n

Ostrich throwing stones, 3

Οὐλότριχοι, 144 n

Ourshol (= Melkarth), 179

Pacho (club: South Sea Islanders), 48

Pack-fong, 68

Pactyans, 210

Paddle (or original oar), 32, 40;

paddle and spear combined, ib.;

development into the Sword, 42

Paddle-sword (Peruvian), 66, 68

Pagaya (sharpened paddle), 42

Painting in Ancient Egpyt, 148

— (origin of) 15

Pakká (crude steel), 111

‘Palace of the Atreidæ’ at Mycenæ, 233

Palace of the Forty Columns, 211

Palaces of Nimrúd, finds in, 202 sq.

‘Palace of Priam’ (Troas), 191 sq.

Palæolithic flints, 45 n

Palæoliths of Kelts of the British Isles, 275

Palæstræ, Hellenic, 239

Palameda (Horned Screamer), 9

Palestine (etymology of the word), 177

Palintonon, 19

Palladium of Troy, 1 n

Palm-wood Swords, 43

Palstab, 270

Palstave, 20;

derivation, 30 n

Paludamentum (Roman officer’s cloak), 245 n

Palus, 250

Πάμφαινον (explanation of the epithet), 223

Panimukta (class of weapons: Hindú), 214

Papacha (Quichuan god), 67 n

Paphlagonians, 210

Παρὰ μηροῦ (meaning of the expression), 239

Parazonia (weapons), 161

‘Parazonium’ dagger, 239, 246

Parazonium of bronze, 239

Parchment, Assyrian, 201 n

Parian (Arundelian) Chronicle, 105

Parma (Roman shield), 246 sq.

Parmularians, 252

Parrying-shields, 38

Parrying stick (Africa and Australia), 12

Partisan (mediæval weapon), 183 n

Pas d’âne, 125 n, 166

‘Paternoster’ blade, 136

Pathros (meaning of the word), 145 n

Pattisha (two-bladed battle-axe: Hindú), 215

Patrick, St., 180

Pattu-Pattus, 25, 47

Pavoise (in sieges: Ancient Egypt), 154

Pea-shooter, 14 n

Pedila, 1

Pelasgo-Hellenic race, the, 186

Πέλεκυς, 89, 90

— ἀμφιστόμος (bipennis), 271

Pelusium (etymology of the word), 177

Pennations (in sabres: Eastern and mediæval), 136

Pennisetum Benthami (Mawingo-wingo), 12

Pennons, Assyrian, 203

Pentaur (scribe of Ramses II.), 101, 147

Percussion, centre of, 129

Persea (Egyptian ‘Tree of Life,’) 202 n

Perseus, 179 sq.

Persia, 209

Persian cidaris or tiara, 209

— akinakes, 210

— archer, 209

— cuneiform, 201, 203

— headdress, 209

— helmet, 209

— origin of heraldry, 140 n

— sculpture, 209

— shield, 209

— Sword (old), 139

— war-axe, 273

— warrior, 209

Persepolis sculptures, 208

Persians of Herodotus, the, 226

Peruvian army, 66;

nation, 66 n;

derivation of ‘Peru,’ ib.

Peshawar sculptures, 218

Phalangæ, 32

Phalanx of the Hittites, 175

— Ancient Egyptian, 154

— in Livy, 246 n

Phalarica (fire-missile: Roman), 248

Phaleræ (military decorations), 248

Phallic theories, 114

Pharaoh (meaning of the word), 145

Pharsalia, Cæsar at, 260

Phásganon (= Sword, in Homer), 222, 230;

etymology of the word, 223

Philistia, plain of, 186

Philistine (modern use of the word), 185 n

— weapons, 185

Phœnicia (etymology of the word), 178

Phœnician art in England, 275

Phœnicians, 178

Phosphor-bronze, 53, 80

Phosphorus mixed with copper, 81 n

Phrygian tongue (a congener of Greek), 76 n

Phrygian-type cap, 175

Picks made of reindeer-antlers, 29 n

Picrous Day (a Cornish festival), 79

Picts (origin of the name), 279 n

Pierced blade and sheath (Sword), 136

‘Piercing-stone’ (Babylonian Inscriptions), 171 n

Piedmontese (modern), 270 n

Pigeon-shooting, 253 n

Pilani (Roman javelineers), 248

Pile (arrow-head; derivation), 25 n

Pile-dwellings of Olmütz, 24;

of Laibach, 29

Pilum (Roman weapon), 248 n

Pilus (division of Roman army), 247

Pinna used as arrow-heads and adze-blades, 47

Pirhua (the first Ynka deified to a Creator), 66 n

Piromis (meaning of the word), 144 n

Pir (sun-heat), 1 n

Pisoliths, 102

Pivot-theatres, 250

Plating (or sheeting) on wood or stone, 55

Ploughshare (Roman) of æs, 56

Plover of Central Africa (carries weapons in its wings), 9

Plumbiferous scoriæ in Spain, 108

Plumbum argentarium (tin and lead), 88

‘Plummets’ in the Western Mounds, 116

Point of a Sword, 139

Poison daggers, 51

— trees, 6

Poisoned arrows, 26;

bullets, 26 n;

weapons, 9, 11

Pokwé or Poucue (weapon: Lunda), 169

Poland (derivation of the name), 92

Pole-axes, 92;

Egyptian, 154

— of silver, copper, gold, 67

Pole, discovery of the, 200 n

— (pillar: etymology of the word), 114 n

Poles of war-cars armed, 277 n

Polished mirrors of copper, 67

Polyænus on Julius Cæsar, 260

Polybius (his character as a writer), 245 n

Pommel of a Sword, 123, 140, 159, 165

Poniards of flint, 46

Popular sports, 253

Porcelain in Ancient Egypt, 148

Porcupines ‘shooting their quills,’ 3 n

Pork, Jewish hatred of, 150

Portable African bellows, 121

— bridge (for sieges; Ancient Egypt), 154

— shrines of Ancient Egypt, 150

Postín (Slav and Afghan dress), 269

Pot-copper, 88

Pottery, in the Maydúm Pyramid, 61;

of the Quichuans, 67 n

Potter’s wheel, invention of the, 119

Poucue (weapon; Lunda), 169

Prachtaxt (ancient German weapon), 273

Prahiunamif (son of Ramses II.), 174

Pramantha, 1 n, 202

Prasa (spear: Hindú), 215

Prasine faction, 252

Pre-Adamites (Moslem), 2 n

Precious stones on Swords, 258

Predatory fishes, 4, 7

Prehistoric Ilium, 194

Prester John, 163 n

Primæval language (Egyptian), 146 sq.

Primitive man, 3 sqq.

Primordial shipbuilders (the Cabiri), 75

Principes (Roman soldiers), 247

Prisse Papyrus, the, 147

Pristis (Saw-fish), 13

Processes of making steel, 117 n

Processional axe (German), 91

Proci (Roman soldiers), 248

Produce of Ancient Britain, 277

Promachoi (Greek soldiers), 248

Prometheus, 1

‘Promised Land,’ the, 178

Prong-edge (of a Sword), 138

Proportions of alloys, 83

Proportion in length of blade and hilt-blade, 264

— of man to animals, 5 n

Proto-chalcitic Age (of weapons), 53

Proto-sideric Age, 5 n

— or Early Iron Age of weapons, 97

Provinces of the bronze antiques of Europe, 276

Prydhain (god worshipped in Britain), 77 n

Pteropedilos (Mercury), 1

Ptolemies, the, 209

Ψευδάργυρος, 85

Pucuna, 14 n

Pugio (Ancient Roman weapon), 210, 256;

derivation of the word, 257 n

Pukhtu or Pushtu (Afghan language), 210 n

Punctured wounds, danger of, 127

‘Pundonor,’ 267

Punishing prisoners by torture (Assyrian), 203

Πῦρ, 1 n

‘Purple copper’ (Chinese), 64

Pygmalion in Cyprus, 187

Pyracmon (the Cyclop), 75

Pyramid of Copan (Yucatan), 67 n

— the Great, 147

Pyrites, 1 n

Pyropus (copper and gold alloy), 86 n

Pyrodes, 1 n

Pyrrhic dance, 239

Quadrangular thrusting-blade, 136

Quadriga of bronze, 80

Quagga (its kick), 7

‘Quarrel’ (bolt of a crossbow), 25 n

Quarter-staff among the Ancient Hindús, 215

Quartz (and quartzite) splinters for wooden Swords, 47

Quaternary Age in England, 275

Quella (Khellay, iron: Peru), 67 n

Quenching (of metal) with water, 165;

with oil, 165 n

Quichua language, 67 n;

characteristics of the people, ib.;

mummies, ib.

Quillons of a Sword, 125, 164

Quincussis (bronze coin), 264

Quiris (= Hasta: Ancient Roman weapon), 246 n

Races, changes in the conditions of, 243

Racial names, 194

Raia trygon and R. histrix (sting-rays), 11

Rakes of copper, 67

Rakshasas (demons: Hindú), 213

Ram (in sieges: Ancient Egypt), 154

Ramayana Epic, 190

‘Ramrod-back’ Sword, 133

Ramses II., tablets of (Bayrut), 200 n

‘Rank,’ man of (derivation of ‘rank’), 140

Ranseur or Ronçeur, 95

Rapier, 123

Rapier-blades, Etrurian, 195, 278

Rapier in Ancient Britain, 278

Rat-trap, crossbow, 37 n

Razors, Assyrian, 202 sq.

‘Razor-women’ of King Gezo (Dahome), 168

Recruit-drill, Roman, 249

‘Red bronze,’ 72

Reed arrows, 28

Regnum Noricum, 256

‘Regulation’ Sword (infantry), 129, 133

Regulus (of metal), 107 n, 111

Reindeer-antlers used as picks, 29 n

— period, 27, 29

Relief in gold and silver on Swords, 258

Religion in Ancient Egypt, 148

Repoussée work at Mycenæ, 233

— work on Swords, 258

Respect for the dead, 5 n

Retiarii (Roman gladiators), 210 n, 251

Rhinoceros-horn used for weapons, 28

Rhinoceros (its armature), 9

Riesenmauer, 271

Riding practised by Ancient Romans, 249

Rig Veda, mention of iron in the, 108

Ring-money, 151 n

Ritual of the Dead, Egyptian, 184

Rock-inscriptions at Ibriz, 176

Rock-inscriptions traced with flint-flakes, 49 n

— tablets at Wady Magharah, 61

Roman alloys, 84

— fashion of wearing the Sword, 258

— fashions adopted by Gauls, 269

— helmets, 246

— iron, 107

— jurisprudence, 244

— lacquered or varnished brass, 84

— method of hardening and tempering tools, &c., 107

— mining operations, 107

— names for the Sword, 254

— shield bordered with brass, 266

Romans smelted copper in England, 71

Roman soldiers, 259 sqq.

— Swords in England, 259

Ῥομφαία (Thracian weapon), 237

Ronçeur or Ranseur, 95

Rorarii (Roman soldiers), 245

‘Rosa mystica’ (of Byzantine art), 202

Rosette, the, as an architectural ornament, 201

‘Royal Commentaries of the Ynkas,’ 67

Royal Swords, Assyrian, 205 sq.

Rubbings of Pharaohnic stone, 102 n

Ruby copper, 85

Rudis (rod or wooden Sword: Roman), 250

Rugii (Baltic), 274

Rumpia (weapon mentioned by Gellius), 237

Runes engraved on a Scramasax, 272 n

Runic inscriptions on Cimbrian weapons, 274 n

‘Sabbatic River’ (Pliny, Josephus), 178 n

Sabbation (fabled river), 178 n

Sabbaths, Assyrian, 200 n

Sabine shields, 253 n

Sabre, ancient forms, Greek and barbarian, 12;

its origin, 32

Sabres of eucalyptus-wood, 44

Sabre-toothed tiger (Machairodus latidens), 9

Sacæ (Shakas; Nomades: Scythians), 226

Sacrificial blades, 217 n

— knives of flint, 46

— knives of iron, 100

Σάγαρις, 90

Sagartian Nomades, 210

Sagina gladiatoria, 250

Sago-tree (Nibong; Caryota urens), 23

Sagum (Roman soldier’s cloak), 245 n

Sahs, Seax, Sax (Saxon), 272

Sailor’s cutlass, 140

Sakkarah pyramids, 144 n

Samians, casting and soldering among the, 221

Samnite weapons, 253

Samnites, javelin of the, 266 n

Samson’s weapon, 24;

tomb, 186 n

Samurai (Japanese two-sworded man), 252 n

Sandal of Perseus, 179

Sanskritists and philology, 191 n

Sanskrit, terms for iron in, 108

Sappers of Ancient Roman army, 249

Sarbacane, 14 n

‘Sardian electrum,’ 87

Sardones (Shardona), 175

‘Sardonian linen,’ 175

Sarissa (spear), 182, 237

Sarpedon’s targe, 192

Satrap (etymology of the word), 226 n

Sattára (= Sát-istara, the Pleiades), 8 n

Satzuma copper (the best in the world), 64

Saucer, inlaid iron, 106 n

Saunion (Samnite javelin), 266 n

Sauromatæ (northern Medes and Slavs), 227

Savage worship of weapons, 162 n

Saw-bayonet, 51, 137

Saw, double-handed, of iron or steel, in Nimrúd’s palace, 105

Saw-fish (its armature), 13;

teeth of, 24

Saw-kerf, 29

Saws, Assyrian, 203

Saxnot Zio (German Sword-god), 273

Saxo (weapon of the Saxon or Sacæ), 90 n

Saxon blade, 135

Saxones (ancient German tribe), 271

Scabbard of pearl, 212

Scæan gates (Troas), 191

Scaling-ladder, Ancient Egypt, 154;

Assyrian, 203

Scalping described by Herodotus, 227 n

Scandinavian Goths and Vandals, 274

— tactical formation, 273

Scarabæi of diorite (Egyptian), 53 n

‘Scatterer’ (Sanskrit Astara), 38

Sceptre-heads of copper, 68

Scheme of battle, Homeric, 241

Σχήνη ἱερὰ (portable tent of the Carthaginians), 150

Scherma (fencing: derivation of the word), 272 n

Schläger (German weapon), 135 n, 139

Schlegel on the ‘Brazen’ Age, 56

Schleswig, spatha of, 272

Schliemann’s excavations in the Troas, 190

‘Schweinskopf’ (Ancient German tactical formation), 273

Schwertstab (Sword-staff), 273

Science in Egypt, 147 sq.

Scilly Islands (origin of the name), 78 n

Scipio’s fleet, arms supplied to, 198

Scissors (etymology of the word), 272

— of copper, 79

Sclepista (Roman sacrificial knife) of copper (or bronze?), 56

Scoriæ of lead (at Schliemann’s Troy), 82

Scorpion (or onager), 19, 20 n

— (whip-goad: Ancient Egypt), 157

Scourge, Assyrian, 206

Scramasax, Scramma Scax, 94, 223, 235;

(derivation of the word), 272 n

— from Hallstadt, 263

Scramsahs, Copenhagen, 272 n

Sculpture in Egypt, 148

— (origin of), 15

Sculptures of Chehel Munar, 211

Scutum (Roman shield), 247, 253

Scymitar, 123, 130, 139;

etymology of, 126 n

— among the Peruvians, 68

— of gold, 212

Scymitar-shaped Sword, 133

Scythe-shaped Swords, 72, 95

Scythes of copper, 72

— used as weapons, 95

Scythe war-car (of Ancient Britons), 276

Scythian weapons, 227

Scythians, 226

Seals, Hittite, 176

Sea-unicorn (Narwhal; Monodon monoceros), 11

Seax (weapon = Saxo), 90 n

Second chalcitic age of alloys, 74 sqq.

Sections of Sword-blades, 131

— of thrusting Swords, 135

Securis, 90;

Danica, 274

Semiramis, 207

Semitic (language), 146 n

Senonian Gauls, 267

Sentinum, war-cars of Gauls at the battle of, 277 n

Sepulchres at Mycenæ, 228 sqq.

Sequence of metals—copper, bronze, brass, 57

Serpentine (stone), 47

Serrated or saw-edged instruments, 13

Set (Satan, the Evil Spirit of Egyptian religion), 149

Sesostris, weight of the statue of, 54;

derivation of the name, 174 n;

date of, 199 n

Seven-rayed star (on Turkish flag), 147 n

Shairetana (Syrian people), 179

Shah and Shahanshah (derivation of the word), 210 n

Shak-ari (‘foe to the Shakas’), 226

Sham-fights, Roman, 249

Shapes of Ancient Egyptian Sword-blades, 161

— of cutting instruments, 132

— of Sword blades, 126

Shardana (Sardones), 175

Sharks’ teeth used to edge Swords, 49

Sharpened stake, 21

‘Shave-grass,’ 12

Shear-steel, 114 n

Sheeting (or plating) on wood, 55

Sheet (or plate) iron-work, Assyrian, 105

Shell-lac, 87 n

Shell of a Sword, 124

Shells as arrow-heads and adze-blades, 47

Shepherd-kings (Hyksos), 103, 173

‘Shepherd’s plaid’ in Central Africa, 269 n

Shield, Australian, 20

Shield-handles, 105

Shield of Achilles, 223

— of Ajax, 222

— of Hercules, 222

— with concentric rings (British), 276

Shield-umbo, 248

Shields as heraldic badges, 40 n

— Hittite, 175

Shinar, Plain of, 199

Shotel (Abyssinian Sword), 163

Shoulder-belts of gold (Mycenæ), 228, 231

Shovel-shaped base of spear, 170

Sica (short Sword: Roman), 252

Sicarii, 185

Sicarius (‘assassin’), 252 n

Sicily (derivation of the name), 252 n

Sickle of chalcos, 55 n

Sickle-Sword (Ancient Egypt), 155, 161

Sickle-throwing (in the Roman Campagna), 19

Sickles used as weapons, 95;

of iron, 100

Sicula (= English ‘sickle’), 252 n

Sideros indikos, 108

Siderite (loadstone), 101

Σιδηρίτις λίθος (magnet), 101

Σίδηρος (wrought iron), Hellenic, 221;

etymology of the word, 221 n

— ἐργασμένος (worked iron of Aristotle), 107

Signa, in Ancient Roman army, 246 n

Signet-ring in Nimrúd’s palace, 105

Sigurd’s Sword, 95

Silepe (Basuto weapon), 94

Sih-tárah (Persian lyre), 187 n

Silex, 1 n;

Silex religiosa, ib.

Silex arrow-heads, 102 n

Silex-flake knives, Hebrew, 184

Silex-flake ‘Swords,’ 45

Silk-spinning in Ancient Egypt, 148

Silver and lead in Spain, 107

— coinage at Ægina, 194 n

— dagger, Cyprian, 189

— in Ancient Egypt, 151

— in Midian, 151

— its representation in Egyptian hieroglyphs, 69

— lead, 88

— mines (ancient) of Peru, 67 n

Siluri (Welsen), 29

Siljukian monsters, 176

Simiads (use of missiles by), 2

Sindi (Gypsies), 76

Singhauta (horn dagger), 11

Single-grooved claymore, 132

Single-stick among the Ancient Hindús, 215

Sinties (Sinti or Saii), 74, 76

Sion, iron Sword discovered at, 197

Sívají (Prince of Maráthá-land), 8

Skeyne (Irish scjan), 27

— (Sword), 123

Skull-cap (namms), Ancient Egyptian, 204

Slav (or German) Sword, 263

Sling-bullet of iron, 191

Slingers, Hittite, 175

— in Ancient Egyptian army, 154

Slings (various kinds), 19, 49

Small handles of bronze Swords, 264 n

Small-Sword, 123, 135

Smelting, 65, 88

Smith (derivation of the word), 77

Snake (sacred), 1 n

Socketed celt (Yorkshire), 276

Socotrine Aloe, 6