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The Aswân Obelisk

CONTENTS

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INTRODUCTION. 1. Preliminary remarks • 1 2. Account of the clearance • 1, 2

CHAPTER I.—DESCRIPTION OF THE OBELISK. 3. General description and dimensions • 3 4. Removal of top layers of rock by burning and wedging • 4, 5 5. Rough-dressing of north wall of north trench • 5 6. Test-shafts • 6 7. Cracks and fissures • 6, 7 8. Rendering the face of the obelisk flat • 7 9. Ancient guide-lines • 8 10. Later scheme for a smaller obelisk • 8 11. Comparison of later scheme with some known obelisks • 9

CHAPTER II.—THE TRENCH. 12. Description • 11 13. Dolerite “pounders” and their use • 12, 13 14. Arrangement of workmen • 13, 14 15. Time taken in making trench • 14, 15

CHAPTER III.—THE UPPER QUARRY-FACE. 16. Description • 17 17. Scales drawn on the rock • 18 18. Discussion on their nature • 18, 19 19. Traces of inscriptions • 20 20. Bed from which an obelisk (?) has been removed • 20, 21

CHAPTER IV.—EXTRACTION OF OBELISK FROM QUARRY. 21. Possible detachment by means of wedges • 23 22. More probably completely undermined • 24 23. Reduction of labour by using levers • 24, 25 24. Sizes of ropes • 25 25. Chisels used in cutting wedge-slots • 25, 26 26. Suggestions by various authors on above subject • 26 27. Probability of tempering copper • 27

CHAPTER V.—TRANSPORT OF OBELISKS. 28. Egyptian accounts of expeditions • 29, 30 29. Other accounts in later times • 30 30. Was the obelisk placed on rollers? • 31 31. Practical considerations • 31, 32 32. Possible use of sleds in conjunction with rollers • 32 33. Direction to be taken towards the Nile • 32 34. Notes on transport-boats • 32, 33

CHAPTER VI.—ERECTION OF OBELISKS. 35. Paucity of ancient accounts • 35, 36 36. Theory of direct raising • 36 37. Theory of lowering off an embankment • 37 38. Probable use of rollers and levers • 37, 38 39. Use of capstans, gyns and blocks and tackles unlikely • 38 40. Obelisk probably lowered into funnel above pedestal • 38–41 41. Practical considerations • 41 42. Calculations of weight and centre of gravity • 42 43. Strains set up when obelisk is supported at its C. G. • 42, 43

CHAPTER VII.—MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS AND CONCLUDING REMARKS. 44. Pot containing ochre • 45 45. Ostrakon from north trench • 45, 46 46. Greek inscriptions from neighbouring rock-face • 46 47. Need of further clearances • 47

CHAPTER VIII.—BIBLIOGRAPHY. 48–56. Works quoted in volume, and those dealing with removals of obelisks in modern times • 49–54

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