INDEX

Abdominal aorta and branches, 212

Abdominal ribs, 80

Acetabulum, 85

Air chamber of egg, 228

Albumen of egg, 229, 230

Allantois, 299, 300, 328

Alligator, 6

abundance of, 8

American, 3

and cane rat, 28

and muskrat, 28

attack from, 14

bellowing of, 18

catching of, 34

cave of, 12

Chinese, 38

Cynocephalus, 110

daylight hunting of, 33

dealers in, 34

derivation of name of, 40

differs from crocodile, 7

digging from cave, 33

distribution of, 10

economic importance of, 26

eggs used as food, 35

feeding of, 12

fire hunting of, 32

habitat of, 8

hatching of, for sale, 35

hibernation of, 12, 13

hides, annual output of, 28

for card cases, etc., 30

chief centers for, 27

damaged in removal, 31

Floridian, 28, 29

highest priced, 32

length and width of, 30

from Louisiana, 28, 29, 30

methods of cutting, 31

Mexican, 29, 30

removal of, 31

salting of, 31

shipment of, 31

from South and Central America, 27, 28

from Southern States, 28

varieties of, 29

value of different sizes of, 28, 29

value to hunter of, 28

hole, 11

hunting, 32

Joe, 9

killing of, 33

for sport, 27

laws for protection of, 28

leather, first used, 26

for shoes, 27

imitation, 32

present use of, 32

meat, preparation of, 35

smoking of, 36

use as food, 35

mississippiensis, 3, 7

raw hides, selling of, 32

sale of live, 34

sinensis, 3, 16

the stuffing of, 34

swimming of, 13, 14

tanned hides, sale of, 32

teeth, sale of, 34

value of, 34

trail, 11, 13

unknown to ancients, 40

use of tail, 14

value of live, 34

Alligatoridæ, 1

Amnion, 236, 247, 251, 259, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 274, 275, 278, 290, 334

Ampullæ, 149

Ancestry, 4

Annulus tympanicus, 149

Aortic arches, 203, 296, 299

Appendages, development of, 308, 315, 317, 327, 328

Appendicular skeleton, 81

Area opaca, 233

Area pellucida, 233

Arkansas Alligator Farm, 201

Arterial system, 212

first reference to, 44

Arteries, of anterior region, 215, 216

brachial, 218

caudal, 216

cervical, 220

cloacal, 316

cœliac, 212

collateralis colli, 217, 219

common carotid, 219, 221

crural, 216

dorsal aorta, 212

fibular, 214

first hæmorrhoidal, 216

gastric, 212

gastro-hepatico-intestinal, 212

iliac, 214

inferior dental, 223

injection of, 201

internal carotid, 70, 221

internal mammary, 217

ischiadicæ, 214

lingual, 220

lumbar, 213

mandibular, 220

mesenteric, 213

œsophageal, 217

pancreo-intestinal, 212

pelvic, 214, 216

pleural, 217

of posterior region, 213

primary carotid, 203, 218, 220

pulmonary, 203

radial, 218

rectal, 216

right subclavian, 203, 216

sciatic, 214

second hæmorrhoidal, 216

spleno-intestinal, 212

subclavian, left, 219

subscapular, 217

superior dental, 223

thoracic, 218

thyroid, 217

tibial, 214

ulnar, 218

urogenital, 214

vertebral, 217

Arytenoid cartilage, 147

Atlantosaurus, 4

Atlas, 53

Auditory capsule, 72

Auditory vesicle, 274, 277, 286, 294, 297, 302, 309, 320, 322

Auricles, 204

Axis, 54

Bartram’s account, 8

Basilar plate, 331

Belly skin, 31

Belodon, 5

Bile duct, 154

Bird and crocodile, 40, 41

Blastopore, 233, 234, 235, 236, 240, 246, 249, 250, 252, 257, 263, 264, 272

Body cavity, development, 279, 281, 287

Body flexure, 307, 317, 318

Bones, alisphenoid, 68

angular, 76

of anterior limb, 82

articular, 75

basilingual plate, 76

basioccipital, 67, 68, 72

basisphenoid, 67

calcaneum, 88

centrale, 84

clavicle, 82

coracoid, 81, 82

coronoid, 75

dentary, 74

epiotic, 73

epipubis, 86

episternum, 82

exoccipital, 70

fibula, 87

fibulare, see calcaneum

of foot, 88

frontal, 60

humerus, 82

hyoid, 76

ilium, 84

integumental, 50

interclavicle, 81

ischium, 85

jugal, 62, 67

lachrymal, 62

malar, 62

maxilla, 61, 64

mesethmoid, 72

metacarpals, 84

nasal, 60

opisthotic, 73

palatine, 65

parietal, 59

of pelvic girdle, 84

pisiform, 83

of posterior limb, 84

postfrontal, 59

prefrontal, 60

premaxilla, 61, 63

pro-otic, 73

pterygoid, 66, 70

pubis, 86

quadrate, 62, 69

quadratojugal, 64, 67

radius, 83

scapula, 81

splenial, 75

squamosal, 59

supra-angular, 75

supraorbital, 62

suprascapula, 81

tarsalia, 88

tibia, 87

tibiale-centrale, 88

transpalatine, 66

ulna, 83

ulnare, 80

vomer, 72

Brain, 132

Breeding habits of alligator, 18

Bronchial rings, 199

Buttons, 27

Caiman, 36

of Amazon, 37

banded, 3

black, 3, 36

latirostris, 3

niger, 3, 7

palpebrosus, 3

round-nosed, 3

sclerops, 3

species of, 37

spectacled, 3, 37

teeth of, 36

trigonotus, 3

ventral armor of, 36

Capitulum of rib, 78

Carpus, 83

Cauda equina, 131

Cement, 65

Centrum, development of, 325

Cerebellum, 132, 133

Cerebral hemispheres, 132, 133, 134

development of, 302, 309, 310, 332

Cerebral peduncles, 133, 134

Cerebral vesicles, 266, 273, 319

Cervical cord, 132

Chalky band of egg, 229

Chewing muscles, 90

Chinese alligator, 3

Chorda, tympani, 137

Choroid, 147

Choroid fissure, 321, 322, 337

Clarke, S. F., 226, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233, 236, 243, 247, 250, 274, 293, 317, 318

Classification, 1

Claws, 46, 84

development of, 333

Cleavage of mesoblast, 263

Clitoris, 196

Cloaca, 155

embryonic, 316, 327

Cloacal glands, 156

Cocoa, Fla., 27

Columella, 74, 149

Conjunctiva, 136

Conjunctival gland, 146

Conus arteriosus, 203

Copulation of crocodile, 195

Copulatory organs, 194

Cornea, 146

development of, 321

Corn marks, 29, 30

Cornua of hyoid, 76

Corpora cavernosa, 194

Cranial cartilages, 320

Cranial flexure, 273, 276, 283, 291

Cranial nerves, 132, 135, 302, 320, 325

Cranium, 58

Cricoid cartilage, 197

Crocodile—Crocodilus, 6

African, 39

caves of, 41

distribution of, 40

egg laying of, 41

held sacred, 40

in Madagascar, 40

mentioned by Herodotus, 40

Voeltzkow’s account, 40

American, 2, 37

colors of, 39

distribution of, 38

Ditmars’ experience, 38

range of, 37

cataphractus, 2

Cuban, 2, 39

derivation of name of, 40

Guatemala, 2

intermedius, 2, 39

johnstoni, 2

Madagascar, 2

eggs of, 228

hatching of, 41

nest of, 41

man-eating, 40, 43

marsh, or mugger, 42

moreletti, 2

Nile, 21, 39

niloticus, 2, 39

Orinoco, 2, 39

palustris, 3, 42

migration of, 42

porosus, 2

rhombiferus, 2, 39

robustus, 2

rough-backed, 3

salt-water, 2, 42

in captivity, 43

habitat, 43

size of, 42

skeleton of, 51

sharp-nosed, 2

Siamese, 2

swamp, 3

Crocodilia, 1

Crocodilidæ, 1, 2, 3

Deaths by crocodiles in Africa, 40

in India, 43

Deltoid ridge, 83

Dentine, 65

Dermal skeleton, 47

Diaphragm, 115

Digestive system, 152

Digestive tract, fixation of, 159

histology of, 189

outline of, 158

Digits, development of, 329, 332

Dinosauria, 4

Dorsal aorta, development of, 277, 278, 327

Dorsal fissure, 131, 132, 133

Dorsal shield, 47

Drum, 148, 149

Ductus Cuvieri, 312

Ear, 147, 148

Ectoderm, 233

Eggs, 227, 231

artificial incubation of, 24

incubation of, 22

number of, per nest, 21, 22, 23

shape of, 228

shell of, 228

size of, 25, 227, 228

taken from oviduct, 24

variation in size of, 26

weight of, 25

Elizabeth Thompson Science Fund, 226

El lagarto, 40

Embryo, development of, 231

earliest stages of, 232, 233

position of, 230

removal of, from egg, 231

stages: I., 233; II., 235; III., 240; IV., 247; V., 249; VI., 257; VII., 266; VIII., 267; IX., 273; X., 282; XI., 293; XII., 293; XIII., 300; XIV., 307; XV., 316; XVI., 317; XVII., 318; XVIII., 328; XIX., 328; XX., 329; XXI, 333; XXII., 334; XXIII., 334

Embryology, summary of, 335

Enamel, 65

Endoskeleton, 50

Enteron, development of, 261, 262, 269, 271, 278, 287

Entoderm, 234

Epidermal skeleton, 46

Epiglottis, 197

Episternum, 81

Epitrichial cells, 48

Eustachian tube, 72, 149

Everglades, 10, 220

External auditory meatus, 70, 73, 148

External mandibular foramen, 75

Extracolumellar cartilage, 74

Eye, 144

glands of, 144

Eyeball, 146

Eyelids, 144

development of, 329, 332

Feeding of alligators, 15

Fenestra ovalis, 73

Fissura ventralis, 131

Food of alligators, 15

Foramen ovale of skull, 68

Forebrain, 274, 276, 284, 291, 294, 302, 308, 319

Foregut, 240, 248, 252, 297

Foreskin, 195

Fort Pierce, Fla., 27

Fourth ventricle, 132

Fronto-nasal region, 318

Fundic region of stomach, 152

Gastroliths, 44, 45, 153

Gavial, 6

food of, 44

Indian, distribution of, 43

eggs and nest of, 44

meaning of, 44

Gavialidæ, 1, 3

Gavialis gangeticus, 2

character of, 43, 44

size of, 43

Genital ducts, 156

Geographical distribution of Crocodilia, 6

Gescmackwärzchen, 165

Gharial, 44

Gill clefts, 277, 283, 285, 293, 294, 299, 301, 302, 303, 316, 317, 318, 323, 336

Gizzard, 153

Glans penis, 195

Glenoid cavity, 81

Glomeruli, 304

Glottis, development of, 324

Growth of alligators, 16

Hallux, 88

Harderian gland, 136, 145

Head-fold, 233, 236, 237

Heart, 202, 204

development of, 267, 270, 279, 283, 287, 297, 303, 310

Hindbrain, 277, 284, 294, 308, 319

Histology of enteron, 157

of integument, 48

Horn alligator, 31

Horny layer, 48

Hyoid, 151

development of, 330

Hyomandibular cleft, 286, 307, 309, 322

Hypophysis, 53, 133

development of, 306, 320, 331, 337

Incubation, period of, 25

Infundibulum, 133, 134

development of, 330

Integument, histology of, 48

Internal auditory meatus, 73

Internal mandibular foramen, 76

Intestine, 154

development of, 289

Iris, 146

development of, 321

Jacksonville, Fla., 34

Kidneys, 192

Kissimmee, Fla., 27

Labyrinth, 148

Lachrymal canal, 145

Lachrymal gland, 144, 145

Lake Kissimmee, 10

Lake Worth, 37

Large intestine, epithelium of, 187

histology of, 186

see Rectum

Larynx, 197

development of, 323

Lateral disks of stomach, 153

Lateral ventricle, developing, 319

Laying season of alligator, 18

Lens, 147

Lens vesicle, 276, 284, 294, 302, 309, 321, 332

“Leviathan” of Book of Job, 40

Liver, 154

development of, 304, 307, 312, 326

Lower jaw, 74

Lungs, 199, 200

capillaries of, 200

development of, 303, 304, 312, 331

Mandible, 74

Mandibular fold, 296, 301, 308, 317, 318

Manus, 84, 317, 318, 329

Mating season of alligator, 19

Maxillary process, 301, 308, 317, 318

Meatus venosus, 312

Meckel’s cartilage, 330

Medulla, 132

Medullary canal, 254, 255, 258, 259, 260, 262, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 275, 282, 291

Medullary folds, 250, 251, 253, 254, 256, 258, 265, 266, 291

origin of, 336

Medullary groove, 236, 237, 238, 241, 242, 244, 245, 248, 250, 253, 255, 256, 263, 265, 313, 334, 336, 337

Medullary plate, 249

Melbourne, Fla., 27

Mesentery, development of, 299

Mesoderm, 234

Metanephros, 332

Miami, Fla., 27

Midbrain, 275, 276

Middle ear, 149

Mouth, 150

Muscles:

abdominal, 112

ambiens, 118

anconæus, 104

atlanti-mastoideus, 96

capiti-sternalis, 96

caput coraco-scapulare, 105

caput humerale mediale, 106

caput humerale posticum, 105

caput humeri laterale, 105

caput scapulare laterale, 104

carpo-metacarpalis, 111

carpo-metacarpalis V., 111

carpo-phalangei, 109, 110

carpo-phalangeus, 111

carpo-phalangeus primus digiti V., 111

caudali-ilio-femoralis, 120

caudi-femoralis, 121

cerato-hyoideus, 93

cervicalis adscendens, 96

collo-capitis, 94

collo-occipitis, 96

collo-scapularis superficialis, 97

collo-squamosus, 95

collo-thoraci-suprascapularis profundus, 98

coraco-antebrachialis, 101

coraco-brachialis, 101

coraco-ceratoideus, 92

costo-coracoideus, 93, 99

costo-scapularis, 94

costo-vertebralis lateralis, 94

costo-vertebralis medialis, 94

deltoideus scapularis inferior, 103

diaphragmatic, 115

dorsalis scapulæ, 103

of dorsal neck region, 94

dorso-humeralis, 102

dorso-scapularis, 97

episterno-ceratoideus, 92

epistropheo-vertebralis, 95

extensor hallucis proprius, 129

extensor ilio-tibialis, 118

extensor longus digitorum, 125

of eyeball, 146

femoro-tibialis, 119

flexor digitorum brevis, 128

flexor longus digitorum, 127

flexor tibialis externus, 122

flexor tibialis internus, 122

of forearm, 107

gastrocnemius, 126

humero-antebrachialis inferior, 102

humero-carpi-radialis, 108

humero-carpi-ulnaris, 108

humero-metacarpalis, 108

humero-radialis, 106

humero-radialis brevis, 108

humero-radialis internus, 107

humero-radialis lateralis, 109

humero-radialis longus, 107

humero-radialis medialis, 109

humero-ulno-phalangei, 110

ilio-femoralis, 120

ilio-fibularis, 119

ilio-ischio-caudalis, 130

intercostales, 115

intermaxillaris, 91

interosseus cruris, 128

ischio-femoralis, 123

latus colli, 92

maxillo-coracoideus, 93

maxillo-hyoideus, 93

metacarpo-phalangeus, 111

metacarpo-phalangeus I., digiti V., 112

obliquus abdominis externus, 112

obliquus abdominis internus, 113

occipito-cervicalis medialis, 94

occipito-epistropheus, 96

occipito-maxillaris, 91

pectoralis, 100

pectoralis minor, 100

peroneus anterior, 125

pisiformi phalangeus primus digiti V., 111

of posterior appendages, 118

pterygo-maxillaris, 91

pubi-ischio-femoralis externus, 123

pubi-ischio-femoralis internus, 124.

pubi-ischio-femoralis posterior, 124

quadratus lumborum, 115

rectus abdominis, 113

rectus internus, 115

rectus lateralis, 114

rectus ventralis, 113

retractor oculi, 137

rhomboideus, 99

of scapula, 96

scapulo-humeralis profundus, 103

sphincter colli, 91

squamoso-cervicalis medialis, 95

sterno-atlanticus, 97

subscapularis, 104

supracoracoideus, 100

of tail, 129

temporalo-maxillaris, 90

teres major, 103

tibialis anticus, 125

tibialis posticus, 128

transversus abdominis, 113

ulno-carpi-radialis, 109

ulno-radialis, 107

of ventral side of neck, 91

Muscle plates, 289, 297, 311, 325

Musk glands, 156

Myocardium, development of, 305

Myocœl, 256, 280, 281, 282, 311

Nasal passages, 151

Nasal pit, 294, 307, 310, 317, 322, 330

Nephrostome, 290

Nerves

abducens, 133, 134, 135, 137

acoustic, 133, 137

alveolar branch, inferior, 136

axillaris, 141

brachialis longus inferior, 141

brachialis longus superior (radialis), 141

brachial plexus, distribution of, 140

coraco-brachialis, 141

crural and ischiadic plexuses, 142, 143

cutaneus brachii et antebrachialis medialis, 141

cutaneus pectoralis, 141

dorsalis scapulæ (posterior), 141

facial, 133, 137

frontal branch, 136

glossopharyngeal, 134, 137

hypoglossal, 68, 134, 138

latissimi dorsi, 141

nasal branch, 136

oculomotor, 68, 133, 134, 135

olfactory, 135

optic, 68, 134, 135

pectoralis, 141

pneumogastric, see vagus

postsacral, 142, 143

presacral, 142, 143

sacral, 143

scapulo-humeralis profundus, 141

spinal (1-4), 138, 139, 140

subscapularis, 141

supracoracoideus, 140

teres major, 141

thoraci inferiores, 140

trigeminal, 68, 133, 135, 136, 137

trigeminal, inferior maxillary branch, 136

trigeminal, ophthalmic branch, 136

trigeminal, superior maxillary branch, 136

trochlear, 133

vagus, 68, 134, 137

Nervous epithelium of ear, 149

Nervous layer of ectoderm, 259, 268

Nervous system, 131

Nest of alligator, compactness of, 21

construction of, 21

form of, 21

location of, 20

size of, 21

temperature in, 24

Neural arches, development of, 325, 331

Neural groove, see Medullary groove

Neurenteric canal, 264, 267, 272, 275, 282, 336

New York Zoölogical Park, crocodilians in, 39

Nictitating membrane, 144

Notochord, 236, 238, 245, 248, 249, 251, 255, 256, 260, 263, 266, 269, 270, 285, 295, 306, 335

Nuchal shield, 47

Obex, 133

Oblique muscles, 146

Odontoid process, 52, 54

Œsophagus, 151, 152, 324, 330

cilia of, 174

epithelium of (feeding), 173

epithelium of (hibernating), 172

histology of, 168

transsections of (figures), 169, 170

Okefinokee, 10, 226

Olfactory bulb, 132, 133

Olfactory lobes, development of, 332

Olfactory tract, 132, 133, 134

Olivary enlargement of œsophagus, 151

Optic chiasma, 134

cup, 302, 309, 310, 321

lobes, 132, 133, 135

nerve, development of, 321

stalk, 302

tracts, 134

vesicle, 274, 276, 282, 294

Oral cavity, 150

Ora serrata, 147

Osteolæmus tetrapis, 3

Otic vesicle, see Auditory vesicle

Outer ear, 148

Ova, 193

Ovary, 193

Oviducts, 156, 193, 194

Palm Beach, Fla., 9

Pancreas, 154

development of, 326

Papillæ of tongue, 150

Paraphysis, 132, 133

development of, 319, 320, 330

Pecten, 147, 321

Pectoral girdle, 81

Penis, shaft of, 194

Pericardium, 323

Periotic capsule, 73

Pes, 317, 318, 329

Petromyzon marinus, 157

Pharynx, development of, 277, 285, 292, 295, 299

Pigment, 333, 334

Pineal body, 132, 319

Pits in scales, 49

Pituitary body, see Hypophysis

Plover and crocodile, 40

Posterior cardinal vein, development of, 298

Postorbital bar, 60

Prickle cells, 49

Primitive groove, 246, 249, 250, 256, 265, 267

Primitive spinal column, 326

Primitive streak, 233, 240, 246, 249, 250, 256, 265, 267, 275

Procœlia, 1

Pulp cavity of tooth, 65

Pupil, 146

Recessus cavi tympani, 149

Recessus scalæ tympani, 149

Rectum, 155

transsection of (fig.), 186

Rectus muscles of eye, 146

development of, 332

Respiratory organs, 197, 200;

(fig.), 198

Rete Malpighii, 48

Retina, 147

development of, 321

Retractor oculi muscle, 146

Ribs, 77

Rima auditoria, 148

Ring muscle, 157

Roof of mouth, 165

covering of (fig.), 166

glands of, 167

papillæ of, 167

Saccus naso-lachrymalis, 146

Scales, development of, 333

Sclera, 146

Scutes, 47

Semicircular canals, 149

Semilunar valves of stomach, 154

Sexual characteristics, 19

Sexual maturity, 17

Shell membrane, 228

Shell-tooth, 334

Sinus venosus, 202

Size of alligator, 16

at hatching, 16

Skeleton, 46, 50

Skin, 87

Skull, 58

dorsal aspect of, 59

lateral aspect of, 67

posterior aspect of, 70

sagittal section of, 72

ventral aspect of, 63

Smaller part of stomach, 153

Small intestine, 154

histology of, 179, 186

mucosa of (fig.), 184

transsection of (figs.), 181, 182, 183, 185

Smithsonian Institution, 226, 227

Somatapleure, 279

Somites, 251, 252, 256, 266, 267, 274, 282, 292, 300

Special sense organs, 144

Spinal cord, 131, 290, 291, 298, 311, 325

development of, 298

Spinal ganglion, development of, 299, 311, 312, 314, 331

Spinal nerves, 138

Splanchnopleure, 279

Stenosauria, 1

Sternum, 77, 80

Stomach, 152, 153

development of, 305, 326

glands of, 177, 179

histology of, 174

transsection of (fig.), 176

Stomodæum, 317, 322

Stratum corneum, 48

Supratemporal fossa, 57

Sympathetic nerves, 314, 325, 337

Systemic arch, 203

Tail, 317, 318, 329

Tailfold, 274

Tapetum lucidum, 146

Tarsus, 88

Taste papillæ, 165

Tear dots, 145

Teeth, 47, 64

Teleosauria, 1

Temperature range in swamps, 23

Tendon Achilles, 126, 127

Testes, 194

Thoracic ribs, 78

Thyroid gland, development of, 78, 269

Tomistoma schlegeli, 2

skeleton of, 51

Tongue, 150

covering of (fig.), 160, 161

development of, 333

epithelium of, 161

glands of, 160, 162, 163, 164

histology of, 157

papillæ of, 160, 165

Tooth, development of, 333

socket of, 64

structure of, 65

Torsion of body, 274, 336

Trachea, 197

development of, 324, 330

rings of, 198, 199

Trigeminal foramen, 78

Tuberculum of rib, 78

Tympanic cavity, 70, 73, 148, 149

Umbilical stalk, 300, 308, 317, 318, 333, 334

Ureter, 156, 193

development of, 290

Urogenital organs, 192, 196

Valves of outer ear, 148

Vasa deferentia, 156

Vascular system, 201

lettering for, 224

Veins, of anterior region (fig.), 209

anterior vena cava, 208

axillary, 210

brachial, 210

caudal, 207

coronary, 202

external jugular, 211

femoral, 206

hepatic, 202, 205

hepatic portal, 205

iliac, 206

inferior dental, 211

internal epigastric, 206

internal jugular, 208

internal mammary, 208

ischiadic, 207

lingual, 211

mesenteric, 205

muscular, 211

pancreatic, 205

of pes, 207

postbrachial, 210

postcaval, 202, 204

of posterior region, 204

precaval, 202, 208

pulmonary, 203

radial, 211

rectal, 207

renal portal, 207

subclavian, 210

subscapular, 210

superior dental, 211

thoracic, 210

vertebral, 208

Velum palatinum, 151

Venous system, 204

Ventricle, 203

Vertebræ, cervical, 51, 52

caudal, 57

lumbar, 56

sacral, 56

Vertebral column, 50

Vertebrarterial canal, 78

Vitelline blood-vessels, 267, 283

Vitelline veins, 270

Vitreous humor, 332

Vocal cords, 197

Voeltzkow, A., 228, 230, 231, 232, 334

Voice of alligator, 18

before hatching, 25

Warts, 49

Wolffian body, 289, 299, 304, 305, 307, 314, 316, 326, 331, 336

ducts, 280, 281, 289, 299, 314, 316

ridge, 299, 306, 314

tubules, 306, 313, 331

Xiphisternal horns, 81

Yolk of egg, 230