Introductory material (continued 52)

Malaysia Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on the advice of the prime minister)

Maldives High Court

Mali Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Malta Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Man, Isle of High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant governor)

Marshall Islands Supreme Court; High Court

Martinique Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Mauritania Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower courts

Mauritius Supreme Court

Mayotte Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Mexico Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia Nacional (justices or ministros are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)

Micronesia, Federated States of Supreme Court

Moldova Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature)

Monaco Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Mongolia Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved by the president)

Montserrat Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)

Morocco Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)

Mozambique Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts note: although the constitution provides for a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases

Namibia Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)

Nauru Supreme Court

Nepal Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council)

Netherlands Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for life by the monarch)

Netherlands Antilles Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)

New Caledonia Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court

New Zealand Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note - Judges appointed by the Governor-General

Nicaragua Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for five-year terms by the National Assembly)

Niger State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Nigeria Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)

Niue Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue

Norfolk Island Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions

Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court

Norway Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the monarch)

Oman Supreme Court note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has judges who practice secular and Sharia (Islamic) law

Pakistan Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president); Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court

Palau Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas

Panama Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three courts of appeal

Papua New Guinea Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)

Paraguay Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges appointed on the proposal of the Council of Magistrates or Consejo de la Magistratura)

Peru Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)

Philippines Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan (special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)

Pitcairn Islands Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Judicial Officers are appointed by the Governor

Poland Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms)

Portugal Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Puerto Rico Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)

Qatar Court of Appeal note: under the new judiciary law issued in 2003, the former two court systems, civil and Islamic law, were merged under a higher court, the Court of Cassation, established for appeals

Reunion Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Romania Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates, a board of eleven judges and six prosecutors elected by parliament)

Russia Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Rwanda Supreme Court; High Courts of the Republic; Provincial Courts; District Courts; mediation committees

Saint Helena Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court

Saint Kitts and Nevis Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts and Nevis)

Saint Lucia Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Samoa Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; District Court; Land and Titles Court

San Marino Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Sao Tome and Principe Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)

Saudi Arabia Supreme Council of Justice

Senegal Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note - the judicial system was reformed in 1992

Serbia and Montenegro The Court of Serbia and Montenegro; judges are elected by the Serbia and Montenegro Parliament for six-year terms note: since the promulgation of the 2003 Constitution, the Federal Court has constitutional and administrative functions; it has an equal number of judges from each republic

Seychelles Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president

Sierra Leone Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court

Singapore Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals

Slovakia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council)

Slovenia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)

Solomon Islands Court of Appeal

Somalia following the breakdown of the central government, most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional clan-based arbitration, or Islamic (Shari'a) law with a provision for appeal of all sentences

South Africa Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts

Spain Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

Sri Lanka Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts are appointed by the president

Sudan Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts

Suriname Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate court (justices are nominated for life)

Swaziland High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch

Sweden Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)

Switzerland Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly)

Syria Supreme Constitutional Court (justices are appointed for four-year terms by the president); High Judicial Council; Court of Cassation; State Security Courts

Taiwan Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with consent of the Legislative Yuan)

Tajikistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Tanzania Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)

Thailand Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)

Togo Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Tokelau Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau

Tonga Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)

Trinidad and Tobago Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London

Tunisia Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation

Turkey Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court

Turkmenistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Turks and Caicos Islands Supreme Court

Tuvalu High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

Uganda Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Ukraine Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

United Arab Emirates Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

United Kingdom House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life); Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary

United States Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for life on condition of good behavior by the president with confirmation by the Senate); United States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State and County Courts

Uruguay Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)

Uzbekistan Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)

Vanuatu Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)

Venezuela Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia (magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single 12-year term)

Vietnam Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president)

Virgin Islands US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third Circuit jurisdiction); Territorial Court (judges appointed by the governor for 10-year terms)

Wallis and Futuna none; justice generally administered under French law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu

Yemen Supreme Court

Zambia Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)

Zimbabwe Supreme Court; High Court

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2095 Labor force

Afghanistan 11.8 million (2001 est.)

Albania 1.09 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers) (2004 est.)

Algeria 9.91 million (2004 est.)

American Samoa 14,000 (1996)

Andorra 33,000 (2001 est.)

Angola 5.41 million (2004 est.)

Anguilla 6,049 (2001)

Antigua and Barbuda 30,000

Argentina 15.04 million (2004 est.)

Armenia 1.4 million (2001)

Aruba 41,500 (1997 est.)

Australia 10.35 million (2004 est.)

Austria 3.45 million (2004 est.)

Azerbaijan 5.09 million (2004 est.)

Bahamas, The 156,000 (1999)

Bahrain 370,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2004 est.)

Bangladesh 65.49 million note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion in 1998-99 (2004 est.)

Barbados 128,500 (2001 est.)

Belarus 4.305 million (31 December 2003)

Belgium 4.75 million (2004 est.)

Belize 90,000 note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (2001 est.)

Benin NA (1996)

Bermuda 37,470 (2000)

Bhutan NA note: massive lack of skilled labor

Bolivia 3.8 million (2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.026 million (2001)

Botswana 264,000 formal sector employees (2000)

Brazil 89 million (2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands 12,770 (2004)

Brunei 158,000 note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (2002 est.)

Bulgaria 3.398 million (2004 est.)

Burkina Faso 5 million note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2003)

Burma 27.01 million (2004 est.)

Burundi 2.99 million (2002)

Cambodia 7 million (2003 est.)

Cameroon 6.68 million (2004 est.)

Canada 17.37 million (2004)

Cape Verde NA

Cayman Islands 19,820 (1995)

Central African Republic NA

Chad NA

Chile 6.2 million (2004 est.)

China 760.8 million (2003)

Christmas Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA

Colombia 20.7 million (2004 est.)

Comoros 144,500 (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14.51 million (1993 est.)

Congo, Republic of the NA

Cook Islands 8,000 (1996)

Costa Rica 1.81 million (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 6.7 million (68% agricultural) (2004 est.)

Croatia 1.71 million (2004 est.)

Cuba 4.55 million note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2004 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 330,000, north Cyprus: 95,025 (2004 est.)

Czech Republic 5.25 million (2004 est.)

Denmark 2.87 million (2004 est.)

Djibouti 282,000 (2000)

Dominica 25,000 (1999 est.)

Dominican Republic 2.3 million - 2.6 million (2000 est.)

East Timor NA

Ecuador 4.53 million (urban) (2004 est.)

Egypt 20.71 million (2004 est.)

El Salvador 2.75 million (2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea NA

Eritrea NA

Estonia 660,000 (2004 est.)

Ethiopia NA (2001 est.)

European Union 215 million (various)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,100 (est.)

Faroe Islands 24,250 (October 2000)

Fiji 137,000 (1999)

Finland 2.66 million (2004 est.)

France 27.7 million (2004 est.)

French Guiana 58,800 (1997)

French Polynesia 70,000 (1996)

Gabon 650,000 (2004 est.)

Gambia, The 400,000 (1996)

Gaza Strip 725,000 (2004)

Georgia 2.1 million (2001 est.)

Germany 42.63 million (2004 est.)

Ghana 10.24 million (2004 est.)

Gibraltar 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (1999)

Greece 4.4 million (2004 est.)

Greenland 24,500 (1999 est.)

Grenada 42,300 (1996)

Guadeloupe 125,900 (1997)

Guam 60,000 (2000 est.)

Guatemala 3.68 million (2004 est.)

Guernsey 32,290 (2001)

Guinea 3 million (1999)

Guinea-Bissau 480,000 (1999)

Guyana 418,000 (2001 est.)

Haiti 3.6 million note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)

Holy See (Vatican City) NA

Honduras 2.47 million (2004 est.)

Hong Kong 3.54 million (October 2004 est.)

Hungary 4.17 million (2004 est.)

Iceland 158,100 (2004 est.)

India 482.2 million (2004 est.)

Indonesia 111.5 million (2004 est.)

Iran 23 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2004 est.)

Iraq 6.7 million (2004 est.)

Ireland 1.92 million (2004 est.)

Israel 2.68 million (2004 est.)

Italy 24.27 million (2004 est.)

Jamaica 1.14 million (2004 est.)

Japan 66.97 million (2004 est.)

Jersey 52,790 (2004)

Jordan 1.41 million (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan 7.95 million (2004 est.)

Kenya 11.4 million (2004 est.)

Kiribati 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001 est.)

Korea, North 9.6 million

Korea, South 22.9 million (2004 est.)

Kuwait 1.42 million note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 2.7 million (2000)

Laos 2.6 million (2001 est.)

Latvia 1.17 million (2004 est.)

Lebanon 2.6 million note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (2001 est.)

Lesotho 838,000 (2000)

Libya 1.59 million (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein 29,000 of whom 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)

Lithuania 1.63 million (2004 est.)

Luxembourg 293,700 (of whom 105,000 are foreign cross-border workers commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany) (2004 est.)

Macau 231,500 (3rd Quarter, 2004)

Macedonia 855,000 (2004 est.)

Madagascar 7.3 million (2000)

Malawi 4.5 million (2001 est.)

Malaysia 10.49 million (2004 est.)

Maldives 88,000 (2000)

Mali 3.93 million (2001 est.)

Malta 160,000 (2002 est.)

Man, Isle of 39,690 (2001)

Marshall Islands 28,700 (1996 est.)

Martinique 165,900 (1998)

Mauritania 786,000 (2001)

Mauritius 560,000 (2004 est.)

Mayotte 48,800 (2000)

Mexico 34.73 million (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of NA

Moldova 1.36 million (2004 est.)

Monaco 30,540 (January 1994)

Mongolia 1.488 million (2003)

Montserrat 4,521 (lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity) (2000 est.)

Morocco 11.02 million (2004 est.)

Mozambique 9.2 million (2000 est.)

Namibia 840,000 (2004 est.)

Nepal 10 million note: severe lack of skilled labor (1996 est.)

Netherlands 7.53 million (2004 est.)

Netherlands Antilles 89,000 (2000)

New Caledonia 79,400 (including 15,018 unemployed) (1996)

New Zealand 2.05 million (2004 est.)

Nicaragua 1.93 million (2004 est.)

Niger 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries (2002 est.)

Nigeria 55.67 million (2004 est.)

Niue NA

Norfolk Island 1,345

Northern Mariana Islands 6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (June 1995)

Norway 2.38 million (2004 est.)

Oman 920,000 (2002 est.)

Pakistan 45.43 million note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2004 est.)

Palau 9,845 (2000)

Panama 1.32 million note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea 3.32 million (2004 est.)

Paraguay 2.66 million (2004 est.)

Peru 11 million (2004 est.)

Philippines 35.86 million (2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands 15 able-bodied men (2004)

Poland 17.02 million (2004 est.)

Portugal 5.48 million (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico 1.3 million (2000)

Qatar 140,000 (2004 est.)

Reunion 309,900 (2000)

Romania 9.66 million (2004 est.)

Russia 71.83 million (2004 est.)

Rwanda 4.6 million (2000)

Saint Helena 3,500 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 18,170 (June 1995)

Saint Lucia 43,800 (2001 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3,261 (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 67,000 (1984 est.)

Samoa 90,000 (2000 est.)

San Marino 18,500 (1999)

Sao Tome and Principe NA

Saudi Arabia 6.62 million note: more than 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2004 est.)

Senegal 4.65 million (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro 3.2 million (2004 est.)

Seychelles 30,900 (1996)

Sierra Leone 1.369 million (1981 est.)

Singapore 2.18 million (2004 est.)

Slovakia 2.2 million (3rd quarter, 2004 est.)

Slovenia 870,000 (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands 26,840 (1999)

Somalia 3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers)

South Africa 16.63 million economically active (2004 est.)

Spain 19.33 million (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka 7.26 million (2004 est.)

Sudan 11 million (1996 est.)

Suriname 104,000 (2003)

Svalbard NA

Swaziland 383,200 (2000)

Sweden 4.46 million (2004 est.)

Switzerland 3.77 million (2004 est.)

Syria 5.12 million (2004 est.)

Taiwan 10.22 million (2004 est.)

Tajikistan 3.187 million (2000)

Tanzania 19 million (2004 est.)

Thailand 36.43 million (November 2004 est.)

Togo 1.74 million (1996)

Tokelau NA

Tonga 33,910 (1996)

Trinidad and Tobago 590,000 (2004 est.)

Tunisia 3.55 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2004 est.)

Turkey 25.3 million note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2003 est.)

Turkmenistan 2.32 million (2003 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands 4,848 (1990 est.)

Tuvalu 7,000 (2001 est.)

Uganda 12.41 million (2004 est.)

Ukraine 21.11 million (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates 2.36 million note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2004 est.)

United Kingdom 29.78 million (2004 est.)

United States 147.4 million (includes unemployed) (2004 est.)

Uruguay 1.56 million (2004 est.)

Uzbekistan 14.64 million (2004 est.)

Vanuatu NA

Venezuela 12.25 million (2004 est.)

Vietnam 42.98 million (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands 48,900 (2003 est.)

Wallis and Futuna NA

West Bank 364,000 (2004)

Western Sahara 12,000

World NA

Yemen 5.98 million (2004 est.)

Zambia 4.63 million (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe 4.23 million (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2096 Land boundaries (km)

Afghanistan total: 5,529 km border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Akrotiri total: 47.4 km border countries: Cyprus 47.4 km

Albania total: 720 km border countries: Greece 282 km, Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km

Algeria total: 6,343 km border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

American Samoa 0 km

Andorra total: 120.3 km border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km

Angola total: 5,198 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Anguilla 0 km

Antarctica 0 km note: see entry on Disputes - international

Antigua and Barbuda 0 km

Argentina total: 9,665 km border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km

Armenia total: 1,254 km border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

Aruba 0 km

Ashmore and Cartier Islands 0 km

Australia 0 km

Austria total: 2,562 km border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km

Azerbaijan total: 2,013 km border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km

Bahamas, The 0 km

Bahrain 0 km

Baker Island 0 km

Bangladesh total: 4,246 km border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km

Barbados 0 km

Bassas da India 0 km

Belarus total: 2,900 km border countries: Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km, Poland 407 km, Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km

Belgium total: 1,385 km border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km

Belize total: 516 km border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km

Benin total: 1,989 km border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km

Bermuda 0 km

Bhutan total: 1,075 km border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km

Bolivia total: 6,743 km border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km

Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 1,459 km border countries: Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km

Botswana total: 4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km

Bouvet Island 0 km

Brazil total: 14,691 km border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

British Indian Ocean Territory 0 km

British Virgin Islands 0 km

Brunei total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km

Bulgaria total: 1,808 km border countries: Greece 494 km, Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km, Turkey 240 km

Burkina Faso total: 3,193 km border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km

Burma total: 5,876 km border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km

Burundi total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km

Cambodia total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Cameroon total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km

Canada total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

Cape Verde 0 km

Cayman Islands 0 km

Central African Republic total: 5,203 km border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165 km

Chad total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

Chile total: 6,171 km border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km

China total: 22,117 km border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km regional borders: Hong Kong 30 km, Macau 0.34 km

Christmas Island 0 km

Clipperton Island 0 km

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0 km

Colombia total: 6,004 km border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km

Comoros 0 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 10,730 km border countries: Angola 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province), Burundi 233 km, Central African Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km, Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 459 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km

Congo, Republic of the total: 5,504 km border countries: Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon 1,903 km

Cook Islands 0 km

Coral Sea Islands 0 km

Costa Rica total: 639 km border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km

Cote d'Ivoire total: 3,110 km border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km

Croatia total: 2,197 km border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia and Montenegro (north) 241 km, Serbia and Montenegro (south) 25 km, Slovenia 670 km

Cuba total: 29 km border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba

Cyprus total: NA; note - boundary with Dhekelia is being resurveyed border countries: Akrotiri 47.4 km, Dhekelia NA

Czech Republic total: 1,881 km border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 215 km

Denmark total: 68 km border countries: Germany 68 km

Dhekelia total: NA; note - boundary with Cyprus is being resurveyed

Djibouti total: 516 km border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km

Dominica 0 km

Dominican Republic total: 360 km border countries: Haiti 360 km

East Timor total: 228 km border countries: Indonesia 228 km

Ecuador total: 2,010 km border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

Egypt total: 2,665 km border countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km

El Salvador total: 545 km border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km

Equatorial Guinea total: 539 km border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km

Eritrea total: 1,626 km border countries: Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km

Estonia total: 633 km border countries: Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km

Ethiopia total: 5,328 km border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan 1,606 km

Europa Island 0 km

European Union total: 11,214.8 km border countries: Albania 282 km, Andorra 120.3 km, Belarus 1,050 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Croatia 999 km, Holy See 3.2 km, Liechtenstein 34.9 km, Macedonia 246 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Norway 2,348 km, Romania 443 km, Russia 2,257 km, San Marino 39 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Switzerland 1,811 km, Turkey 206 km, Ukraine 726 km note: data for European Continent only

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 km

Faroe Islands 0 km

Fiji 0 km

Finland total: 2,681 km border countries: Norway 727 km, Sweden 614 km, Russia 1,340 km

France total: 2,889 km border countries: Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km

French Guiana total: 1,183 km border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km

French Polynesia 0 km

French Southern and Antarctic Lands 0 km

Gabon total: 2,551 km border countries: Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km

Gambia, The total: 740 km border countries: Senegal 740 km

Gaza Strip total: 62 km border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km

Georgia total: 1,461 km border countries: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km

Germany total: 3,621 km border countries: Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km

Ghana total: 2,094 km border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km

Gibraltar total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km

Glorioso Islands 0 km

Greece total: 1,228 km border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, Macedonia 246 km

Greenland 0 km

Grenada 0 km

Guadeloupe total: 10.2 km border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 10.2 km

Guam 0 km

Guatemala total: 1,687 km border countries: Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km

Guernsey 0 km

Guinea total: 3,399 km border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km

Guinea-Bissau total: 724 km border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km

Guyana total: 2,462 km border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km

Haiti total: 360 km border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km

Heard Island and McDonald Islands 0 km

Holy See (Vatican City) total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km

Honduras total: 1,520 km border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km

Hong Kong total: 30 km regional border: China 30 km

Howland Island 0 km

Hungary total: 2,171 km border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km

Iceland 0 km

India total: 14,103 km border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km

Indonesia total: 2,830 km border countries: East Timor 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km

Iran total: 5,440 km border countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km

Iraq total: 3,650 km border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km

Ireland total: 360 km border countries: UK 360 km

Israel total: 1,017 km border countries: Egypt 266 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km, Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km

Italy total: 1,932.2 km border countries: Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km

Jamaica 0 km

Jan Mayen 0 km

Japan 0 km

Jarvis Island 0 km

Jersey 0 km

Johnston Atoll 0 km

Jordan total: 1,635 km border countries: Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 744 km, Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km

Juan de Nova Island 0 km

Kazakhstan total: 12,012 km border countries: China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km

Kenya total: 3,477 km border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km

Kingman Reef 0 km

Kiribati 0 km

Korea, North total: 1,673 km border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km

Korea, South total: 238 km border countries: North Korea 238 km

Kuwait total: 462 km border countries: Iraq 240 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km

Kyrgyzstan total: 3,878 km border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km

Laos total: 5,083 km border countries: Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km, Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km

Latvia total: 1,150 km border countries: Belarus 141 km, Estonia 339 km, Lithuania 453 km, Russia 217 km

Lebanon total: 454 km border countries: Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km

Lesotho total: 909 km border countries: South Africa 909 km

Liberia total: 1,585 km border countries: Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km

Libya total: 4,348 km border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km

Liechtenstein total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km

Lithuania total: 1,273 km border countries: Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km

Luxembourg total: 359 km border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km

Macau total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km

Macedonia total: 766 km border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km

Madagascar 0 km

Malawi total: 2,881 km border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km

Malaysia total: 2,669 km border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km

Maldives 0 km

Mali total: 7,243 km border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km

Malta 0 km

Man, Isle of 0 km

Marshall Islands 0 km

Martinique 0 km

Mauritania total: 5,074 km border countries: Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km, Western Sahara 1,561 km

Mauritius 0 km

Mayotte 0 km

Mexico total: 4,353 km border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,141 km

Micronesia, Federated States of 0 km

Midway Islands 0 km

Moldova total: 1,389 km border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km

Monaco total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km

Mongolia total: 8,220 km border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km

Montserrat 0 km

Morocco total: 2,017.9 km border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km

Mozambique total: 4,571 km border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km

Namibia total: 3,936 km border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km

Nauru 0 km

Navassa Island 0 km

Nepal total: 2,926 km border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km

Netherlands total: 1,027 km border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km

Netherlands Antilles total: 10.2 km border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint-Martin) 10.2 km

New Caledonia 0 km

New Zealand 0 km

Nicaragua total: 1,231 km border countries: Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km

Niger total: 5,697 km border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km

Nigeria total: 4,047 km border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km

Niue 0 km

Norfolk Island 0 km

Northern Mariana Islands 0 km

Norway total: 2,542 km border countries: Finland 727 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km

Oman total: 1,374 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km

Pakistan total: 6,774 km border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

Palau 0 km

Palmyra Atoll 0 km

Panama total: 555 km border countries: Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km

Papua New Guinea total: 820 km border countries: Indonesia 820 km

Paracel Islands 0 km

Paraguay total: 3,920 km border countries: Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,290 km

Peru total: 5,536 km border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km

Philippines 0 km

Pitcairn Islands 0 km

Poland total: 2,788 km border countries: Belarus 407 km, Czech Republic 658 km, Germany 456 km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Slovakia 444 km, Ukraine 526 km

Portugal total: 1,214 km border countries: Spain 1,214 km

Puerto Rico 0 km

Qatar total: 60 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km

Reunion 0 km

Romania total: 2,508 km border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km

Russia total: 20,017 km border countries: Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 294 km, Finland 1,340 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km, Latvia 217 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,485 km, Norway 196 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Ukraine 1,576 km

Rwanda total: 893 km border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km

Saint Helena 0 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 km

Saint Lucia 0 km

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 km

Samoa 0 km

San Marino total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km

Sao Tome and Principe 0 km

Saudi Arabia total: 4,431 km border countries: Iraq 814 km, Jordan 744 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km

Senegal total: 2,640 km border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km

Serbia and Montenegro total: 2,246 km border countries: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km

Seychelles 0 km

Sierra Leone total: 958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km

Singapore 0 km

Slovakia total: 1,524 km border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 677 km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 97 km

Slovenia total: 1,334 km border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 670 km, Italy 232 km, Hungary 102 km

Solomon Islands 0 km

Somalia total: 2,340 km border countries: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km

South Africa total: 4,862 km border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0 km

Spain total: 1,917.8 km border countries: Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km

Spratly Islands 0 km

Sri Lanka 0 km

Sudan total: 7,687 km border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km

Suriname total: 1,707 km border countries: Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km

Svalbard 0 km

Swaziland total: 535 km border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km

Sweden total: 2,233 km border countries: Finland 614 km, Norway 1,619 km

Switzerland total: 1,852 km border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km

Syria total: 2,253 km border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km

Taiwan 0 km

Tajikistan total: 3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Tanzania total: 3,861 km border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

Thailand total: 4,863 km border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km

Togo total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Tokelau 0 km

Tonga 0 km

Trinidad and Tobago 0 km

Tromelin Island 0 km

Tunisia total: 1,424 km border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km

Turkey total: 2,648 km border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km

Turkmenistan total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km

Turks and Caicos Islands 0 km

Tuvalu 0 km

Uganda total: 2,698 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km

Ukraine total: 4,663 km border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 526 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 97 km

United Arab Emirates total: 867 km border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km

United Kingdom total: 360 km border countries: Ireland 360 km

United States total: 12,034 km border countries: Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,141 km note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 29 km

Uruguay total: 1,564 km border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km

Uzbekistan total: 6,221 km border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km

Vanuatu 0 km

Venezuela total: 4,993 km border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km

Vietnam total: 4,639 km border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km

Virgin Islands 0 km

Wake Island 0 km

Wallis and Futuna 0 km

West Bank total: 404 km border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km

Western Sahara total: 2,046 km border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km

World the land boundaries in the world total 250,472 km (not counting shared boundaries twice); two nations, China and Russia, each border 14 other countries note: 43 nations and other areas are landlocked, these include: Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Slovakia, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe; two of these, Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan, are doubly landlocked

Yemen total: 1,746 km border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km

Zambia total: 5,664 km border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km

Zimbabwe total: 3,066 km border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2097 Land use (%)

Afghanistan arable land: 12.13% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 87.65% (2001)

Albania arable land: 21.09% permanent crops: 4.42% other: 74.49% (2001)

Algeria arable land: 3.22% permanent crops: 0.25% other: 96.53% (2001)

American Samoa arable land: 10% permanent crops: 15% other: 75% (2001)

Andorra arable land: 2.22% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.78% (2001)

Angola arable land: 2.41% permanent crops: 0.24% other: 97.35% (2001)

Anguilla arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds) (2001)

Antarctica arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (ice 98%, barren rock 2%) (2001)

Antigua and Barbuda arable land: 18.18% permanent crops: 4.55% other: 77.27% (2001)

Argentina arable land: 12.31% permanent crops: 0.48% other: 87.21% (2001)

Armenia arable land: 17.55% permanent crops: 2.3% other: 80.15% (2001)

Aruba arable land: 10.53% (including aloe 0.01%) permanent crops: 0% other: 89.47% (2001)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2001)

Australia arable land: 6.55% (includes about 27 million hectares of cultivated grassland) permanent crops: 0.04% other: 93.41% (2001)

Austria arable land: 16.91% permanent crops: 0.86% other: 82.23% (2001)

Azerbaijan arable land: 19.63% permanent crops: 2.71% other: 77.66% (2001)

Bahamas, The arable land: 0.8% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 98.8% (2001)

Bahrain arable land: 2.82% permanent crops: 5.63% other: 91.55% (2001)

Baker Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Bangladesh arable land: 62.11% permanent crops: 3.07% other: 34.82% (2001)

Barbados arable land: 37.21% permanent crops: 2.33% other: 60.46% (2001)

Bassas da India arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all rock) (2001)

Belarus arable land: 29.55% permanent crops: 0.6% other: 69.85% (2001)

Belgium arable land: 23.28% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 76.32% note: includes Luxembourg (2001)

Belize arable land: 2.85% permanent crops: 1.71% other: 95.44% (2001)

Benin arable land: 18.08% permanent crops: 2.4% other: 79.52% (2001)

Bermuda arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (2001)

Bhutan arable land: 3.09% permanent crops: 0.43% other: 96.48% (2001)

Bolivia arable land: 2.67% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 97.14% (2001)

Bosnia and Herzegovina arable land: 13.6% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 83.44% (2001)

Botswana arable land: 0.65% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.34% (2001)

Bouvet Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (93% ice) (2001)

Brazil arable land: 6.96% permanent crops: 0.9% other: 92.15% (2001)

British Indian Ocean Territory arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

British Virgin Islands arable land: 20% permanent crops: 6.67% other: 73.33% (2001)

Brunei arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (2001)

Bulgaria arable land: 40.02% permanent crops: 1.92% other: 58.06% (2001)

Burkina Faso arable land: 14.43% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 85.38% (2001)

Burma arable land: 15.19% permanent crops: 0.97% other: 83.84% (2001)

Burundi arable land: 35.05% permanent crops: 14.02% other: 50.93% (2001)

Cambodia arable land: 20.96% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 78.43% (2001)

Cameroon arable land: 12.81% permanent crops: 2.58% other: 84.61% (2001)

Canada arable land: 4.96% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 95.02% (2001)

Cape Verde arable land: 9.68% permanent crops: 0.5% other: 89.82% (2001)

Cayman Islands arable land: 3.85% permanent crops: 0% other: 96.15% (2001)

Central African Republic arable land: 3.1% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 96.76% (2001)

Chad arable land: 2.86% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.12% (2001)

Chile arable land: 2.65% permanent crops: 0.42% other: 96.93% (2001)

China arable land: 15.4% permanent crops: 1.25% other: 83.35% (2001)

Christmas Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (2001)

Clipperton Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all coral) (2001)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Colombia arable land: 2.42% permanent crops: 1.67% other: 95.91% (2001)

Comoros arable land: 35.87% permanent crops: 23.32% other: 40.81% (2001)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the arable land: 2.96% permanent crops: 0.52% other: 96.52% (2001)

Congo, Republic of the arable land: 0.51% permanent crops: 0.13% other: 99.36% (2001)

Cook Islands arable land: 17.39% permanent crops: 13.04% other: 69.57% (2001)

Coral Sea Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2001)

Costa Rica arable land: 4.41% permanent crops: 5.88% other: 89.71% (2001)

Cote d'Ivoire arable land: 9.75% permanent crops: 13.84% other: 76.41% (2001)

Croatia arable land: 26.09% permanent crops: 2.27% other: 71.65% (2001)

Cuba arable land: 33.05% permanent crops: 7.6% other: 59.35% (2001)

Cyprus arable land: 7.79% permanent crops: 4.44% other: 87.77% (2001)

Czech Republic arable land: 39.8% permanent crops: 3.05% other: 57.15% (2001)

Denmark arable land: 54.02% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 45.79% (2001)

Djibouti arable land: 0.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.96% (2001)

Dominica arable land: 6.67% permanent crops: 20% other: 73.33% (2001)

Dominican Republic arable land: 22.65% permanent crops: 10.33% other: 67.02% (2001)

East Timor arable land: 4.71% permanent crops: 0.67% other: 94.62% (2001)

Ecuador arable land: 5.85% permanent crops: 4.93% other: 89.22% (2001)

Egypt arable land: 2.87% permanent crops: 0.48% other: 96.65% (2001)

El Salvador arable land: 31.85% permanent crops: 12.07% other: 56.08% (2001)

Equatorial Guinea arable land: 4.63% permanent crops: 3.57% other: 91.8% (2001)

Eritrea arable land: 4.95% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 95.02% (2001)

Estonia arable land: 16.04% permanent crops: 0.45% other: 83.51% (2001)

Ethiopia arable land: 10.71% permanent crops: 0.75% other: 88.54% (2001)

Europa Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mangrove forests and woodlands) (2001)

European Union arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2001)

Faroe Islands arable land: 2.14% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.86% (2001)

Fiji arable land: 10.95% permanent crops: 4.65% other: 84.4% (2001)

Finland arable land: 7.19% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 92.78% (2001)

France arable land: 33.53% permanent crops: 2.07% other: 64.4% (2001)

French Guiana arable land: 0.14% permanent crops: 0.05% other: 99.81% (90% forest, 10% other) (2001)

French Polynesia arable land: 0.82% permanent crops: 5.46% other: 93.72% (2001)

French Southern and Antarctic Lands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Gabon arable land: 1.26% permanent crops: 0.66% other: 98.08% (2001)

Gambia, The arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0.5% other: 74.5% (2001)

Gaza Strip arable land: 28.95% permanent crops: 21.05% other: 50% (2001)

Georgia arable land: 11.44% permanent crops: 3.86% other: 84.7% (2001)

Germany arable land: 33.85% permanent crops: 0.59% other: 65.56% (2001)

Ghana arable land: 16.26% permanent crops: 9.67% other: 74.07% (2001)

Gibraltar arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Glorioso Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) (2001)

Greece arable land: 21.1% permanent crops: 8.78% other: 70.12% (2001)

Greenland arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Grenada arable land: 5.88% permanent crops: 29.41% other: 64.71% (2001)

Guadeloupe arable land: 11.24% permanent crops: 3.55% other: 85.21% (2001)

Guam arable land: 9.09% permanent crops: 16.36% other: 74.55% (2001)

Guatemala arable land: 12.54% permanent crops: 5.03% other: 82.43% (2001)

Guernsey arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%

Guinea arable land: 3.63% permanent crops: 2.58% other: 93.79% (2001)

Guinea-Bissau arable land: 10.67% permanent crops: 8.82% other: 80.51% (2001)

Guyana arable land: 2.44% permanent crops: 0.15% other: 97.41% (2001)

Haiti arable land: 28.3% permanent crops: 11.61% other: 60.09% (2001)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Holy See (Vatican City) arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)

Honduras arable land: 9.55% permanent crops: 3.22% other: 87.23% (2001)

Hong Kong arable land: 5.05% permanent crops: 1.01% other: 93.94% (2001)

Howland Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Hungary arable land: 50.09% permanent crops: 2.06% other: 47.85% (2001)

Iceland arable land: 0.07% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.93% (2001)

India arable land: 54.4% permanent crops: 2.74% other: 42.86% (2001)

Indonesia arable land: 11.32% permanent crops: 7.23% other: 81.45% (2001)

Iran arable land: 8.72% permanent crops: 1.39% other: 89.89% (2001)

Iraq arable land: 13.15% permanent crops: 0.78% other: 86.07% (2001)

Ireland arable land: 15.2% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 84.77% (2001)

Israel arable land: 16.39% permanent crops: 4.17% other: 79.44% (2001)

Italy arable land: 27.79% permanent crops: 9.53% other: 62.68% (2001)

Jamaica arable land: 16.07% permanent crops: 10.16% other: 73.77% (2001)

Jan Mayen arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Japan arable land: 12.19% permanent crops: 0.96% other: 86.85% (2001)

Jarvis Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Jersey arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Johnston Atoll arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Jordan arable land: 2.67% permanent crops: 1.83% other: 95.5% (2001)

Juan de Nova Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (90% forest) (2001)

Kazakhstan arable land: 7.98% permanent crops: 0.05% other: 91.97% (2001)

Kenya arable land: 8.08% permanent crops: 0.98% other: 90.94% (2001)

Kingman Reef arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Kiribati arable land: 2.74% permanent crops: 50.68% other: 46.58% (2001)

Korea, North arable land: 20.76% permanent crops: 2.49% other: 76.75% (2001)

Korea, South arable land: 17.18% permanent crops: 1.95% other: 80.87% (2001)

Kuwait arable land: 0.73% permanent crops: 0.11% other: 99.16% (2001)

Kyrgyzstan arable land: 7.3% permanent crops: 0.35% other: 92.35% note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest (2001)

Laos arable land: 3.8% permanent crops: 0.35% other: 95.85% (2001)

Latvia arable land: 29.67% permanent crops: 0.47% other: 69.86% (2001)

Lebanon arable land: 16.62% permanent crops: 13.98% other: 69.4% (2001)

Lesotho arable land: 10.87% permanent crops: 0.13% other: 89% (2001)

Liberia arable land: 3.95% permanent crops: 2.28% other: 93.77% (2001)

Libya arable land: 1.03% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 98.78% (2001)

Liechtenstein arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (2001)

Lithuania arable land: 45.22% permanent crops: 0.91% other: 53.87% (2001)

Luxembourg arable land: 23.28% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 76.32% (includes Belgium) (2001)

Macau arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001)

Macedonia arable land: 22.26% permanent crops: 1.81% other: 75.93% (2001)

Madagascar arable land: 5.07% permanent crops: 1.03% other: 93.91% (2001)

Malawi arable land: 23.38% permanent crops: 1.49% other: 75.13% (2001)

Malaysia arable land: 5.48% permanent crops: 17.61% other: 76.91% (2001)

Maldives arable land: 13.33% permanent crops: 16.67% other: 70% (2001)

Mali arable land: 3.82% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 96.15% (2001)

Malta arable land: 28.13% permanent crops: 3.13% other: 68.74% (2001)

Man, Isle of arable land: 9% permanent crops: 0% other: 91% (permanent pastures, forests, mountain, and heathland) (2002)

Marshall Islands arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 38.89% other: 44.44% (2001)

Martinique arable land: 10.38% permanent crops: 9.43% other: 80.19% (2001)

Mauritania arable land: 0.48% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.51% (2001)

Mauritius arable land: 49.26% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 47.78% (2001)

Mayotte arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%

Mexico arable land: 12.99% permanent crops: 1.31% other: 85.7% (2001)

Micronesia, Federated States of arable land: 5.71% permanent crops: 45.71% other: 48.58% (2001)

Midway Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Moldova arable land: 55.3% permanent crops: 10.79% other: 33.91% (2001)

Monaco arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)

Mongolia arable land: 0.77% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.23% (2001)

Montserrat arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (2001)

Morocco arable land: 19.61% permanent crops: 2.17% other: 78.22% (2001)

Mozambique arable land: 5.1% permanent crops: 0.3% other: 94.6% (2001)

Namibia arable land: 0.99% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.01% (2001)

Nauru arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Navassa Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Nepal arable land: 21.68% permanent crops: 0.64% other: 77.68% (2001)

Netherlands arable land: 26.71% permanent crops: 0.97% other: 72.32% (2001)

Netherlands Antilles arable land: 10% permanent crops: 0% other: 90% (2001)

New Caledonia arable land: 0.38% permanent crops: 0.33% other: 99.29% (2001)

New Zealand arable land: 5.6% permanent crops: 6.99% other: 87.41% (2001)

Nicaragua arable land: 15.94% permanent crops: 1.94% other: 82.12% (2001)

Niger arable land: 3.54% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 96.45% (2001)

Nigeria arable land: 31.29% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 65.75% (2001)

Niue arable land: 15.38% permanent crops: 11.54% other: 73.08% (2001)

Norfolk Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Northern Mariana Islands arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 82.61% (2001)

Norway arable land: 2.87% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.13% (2001)

Oman arable land: 0.12% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 99.74% (2001)

Pakistan arable land: 27.87% permanent crops: 0.87% other: 71.26% (2001)

Palau arable land: 8.7% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 86.95% (2001)

Palmyra Atoll arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (forests and woodlands) (2005)

Panama arable land: 7.36% permanent crops: 1.98% other: 90.66% (2001)

Papua New Guinea arable land: 0.46% permanent crops: 1.44% other: 98.1% (2001)

Paracel Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Paraguay arable land: 7.6% permanent crops: 0.23% other: 92.17% (2001)

Peru arable land: 2.89% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 96.71% (2001)

Philippines arable land: 18.95% permanent crops: 16.77% other: 64.28% (2001)

Pitcairn Islands arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%

Poland arable land: 45.91% permanent crops: 1.12% other: 52.97% (2001)

Portugal arable land: 21.75% permanent crops: 7.81% other: 70.44% (2001)

Puerto Rico arable land: 3.95% permanent crops: 5.52% other: 90.53% (2001)

Qatar arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 0.27% other: 98.09% (2001)

Reunion arable land: 13.6% permanent crops: 1.2% other: 85.2% (2001)

Romania arable land: 40.82% permanent crops: 2.25% other: 56.93% (2001)

Russia arable land: 7.33% permanent crops: 0.11% other: 92.56% (2001)

Rwanda arable land: 40.54% permanent crops: 12.16% other: 47.3% (2001)

Saint Helena arable land: 12.9% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (2001)

Saint Kitts and Nevis arable land: 19.44% permanent crops: 2.78% other: 77.78% (2001)

Saint Lucia arable land: 6.56% permanent crops: 22.95% other: 70.49% (2001)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (2001)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines arable land: 17.95% permanent crops: 17.95% other: 64.1% (2001)

Samoa arable land: 21.2% permanent crops: 24.38% other: 54.42% (2001)

San Marino arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (2001)

Sao Tome and Principe arable land: 6.25% permanent crops: 48.96% other: 44.79% (2001)

Saudi Arabia arable land: 1.67% permanent crops: 0.09% other: 98.24% (2001)

Senegal arable land: 12.78% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 87.01% (2001)

Serbia and Montenegro arable land: 33.35% permanent crops: 3.2% other: 63.45% (2001)

Seychelles arable land: 2.22% permanent crops: 13.33% other: 84.45% (2001)

Sierra Leone arable land: 6.98% permanent crops: 0.89% other: 92.13% (2001)

Singapore arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 0% other: 98.36% (2001)

Slovakia arable land: 30.16% permanent crops: 2.62% other: 67.22% (2001)

Slovenia arable land: 8.6% permanent crops: 1.49% other: 89.91% (2001)

Solomon Islands arable land: 0.64% permanent crops: 2% other: 97.36% (2001)

Somalia arable land: 1.67% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 98.29% (2001)

South Africa arable land: 12.08% permanent crops: 0.79% other: 87.13% (2001)

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2001)

Spain arable land: 26.07% permanent crops: 9.87% other: 64.06% (2001)

Spratly Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Sri Lanka arable land: 13.86% permanent crops: 15.7% other: 70.44% (2001)

Sudan arable land: 6.83% permanent crops: 0.18% other: 92.99% (2001)

Suriname arable land: 0.37% permanent crops: 0.06% other: 99.57% (2001)

Svalbard arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2001)

Swaziland arable land: 10.35% permanent crops: 0.7% other: 88.95% (2001)

Sweden arable land: 6.54% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 93.45% (2001)

Switzerland arable land: 10.42% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 88.97% (2001)

Syria arable land: 25.22% permanent crops: 4.43% other: 70.35% (2001)

Taiwan arable land: 24% permanent crops: 1% other: 75% (2001)

Tajikistan arable land: 6.61% permanent crops: 0.92% other: 92.47% (2001)

Tanzania arable land: 4.52% permanent crops: 1.08% other: 94.4% (2001)

Thailand arable land: 29.36% permanent crops: 6.46% other: 64.18% (2001)

Togo arable land: 46.15% permanent crops: 2.21% other: 51.64% (2001)

Tokelau arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile) permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Tonga arable land: 23.61% permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (2001)

Trinidad and Tobago arable land: 14.62% permanent crops: 9.16% other: 76.22% (2001)

Tromelin Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (grasses; scattered bushes) (2001)

Tunisia arable land: 17.86% permanent crops: 13.74% other: 68.4% (2001)

Turkey arable land: 30.93% permanent crops: 3.31% other: 65.76% (2001)

Turkmenistan arable land: 3.72% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 96.14% (2001)

Turks and Caicos Islands arable land: 2.33% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.67% (2001)

Tuvalu arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Uganda arable land: 25.88% permanent crops: 10.65% other: 63.47% (2001)

Ukraine arable land: 56.21% permanent crops: 1.61% other: 42.18% (2001)

United Arab Emirates arable land: 0.6% permanent crops: 2.25% other: 97.15% (2001)

United Kingdom arable land: 23.46% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 76.33% (2001)

United States arable land: 19.13% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 80.65% (2001)

Uruguay arable land: 7.43% permanent crops: 0.23% other: 92.34% (2001)

Uzbekistan arable land: 10.83% permanent crops: 0.83% other: 88.34% (2001)

Vanuatu arable land: 2.46% permanent crops: 7.38% other: 90.16% (2001)

Venezuela arable land: 2.95% permanent crops: 0.92% other: 96.13% (2001)

Vietnam arable land: 19.97% permanent crops: 5.95% other: 74.08% (2001)

Virgin Islands arable land: 11.76% permanent crops: 2.94% other: 85.3% (2001)

Wake Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Wallis and Futuna arable land: 5% permanent crops: 25% other: 70% (2001)

West Bank arable land: 16.9% permanent crops: 18.97% other: 64.13% (2001)

Western Sahara arable land: 0.02% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.98% (2001)

World arable land: 10.73% permanent crops: 1% other: 88.27% (2001)

Yemen arable land: 2.78% permanent crops: 0.24% other: 96.98% (2001)

Zambia arable land: 7.08% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 92.9% (2001)

Zimbabwe arable land: 8.32% permanent crops: 0.34% other: 91.34% (2001)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2098 Languages (%)

Afghanistan Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashtu (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

Akrotiri English, Greek

Albania Albanian (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek, Vlach, Romani, Slavic dialects

Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

American Samoa Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2% note: most people are bilingual (2000 census)

Andorra Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese

Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Anguilla English (official)

Antigua and Barbuda English (official), local dialects

Argentina Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French

Armenia Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census)

Aruba Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish

Australia English 79.1%, Chinese 2.1%, Italian 1.9%, other 11.1%, unspecified 5.8% (2001 Census)

Austria German (official nationwide), Slovene (official in Carinthia), Croatian (official in Burgenland), Hungarian (official in Burgenland)

Azerbaijan Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)

Bahamas, The English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)

Bahrain Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu

Bangladesh Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English

Barbados English

Belarus Belarusian, Russian, other

Belgium Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)

Belize English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole

Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)

Bermuda English (official), Portuguese

Bhutan Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects

Bolivia Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian

Botswana Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)

Brazil Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

British Virgin Islands English (official)

Brunei Malay (official), English, Chinese

Bulgaria Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)

Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population

Burma Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages

Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

Cambodia Khmer (official) 95%, French, English

Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)

Canada English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, other 17.5%

Cape Verde Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)

Cayman Islands English

Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages

Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects

Chile Spanish

China Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)

Christmas Island English (official), Chinese, Malay

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Malay (Cocos dialect), English

Colombia Spanish

Comoros Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba

Congo, Republic of the French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)

Cook Islands English (official), Maori

Costa Rica Spanish (official), English

Cote d'Ivoire French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken

Croatia Croatian 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) (2001 census)

Cuba Spanish

Cyprus Greek, Turkish, English

Czech Republic Czech

Denmark Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority) note: English is the predominant second language

Dhekelia English, Greek

Djibouti French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar

Dominica English (official), French patois

Dominican Republic Spanish

East Timor Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people

Ecuador Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)

Egypt Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes

El Salvador Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)

Equatorial Guinea Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo

Eritrea Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages

Estonia Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census)

Ethiopia Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools)

European Union Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish; note - only official languages are listed; Irish (Gaelic) will become the twenty-first language on 1 January 2007

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) English

Faroe Islands Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish

Fiji English (official), Fijian, Hindustani

Finland Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2003)

France French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)

French Guiana French

French Polynesia French 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4% (official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002 census)

Gabon French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi

Gambia, The English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars

Gaza Strip Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)

Georgia Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7% note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia

Germany German

Ghana English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)

Gibraltar English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese

Greece Greek 99% (official), English, French

Greenland Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English

Grenada English (official), French patois

Guadeloupe French (official) 99%, Creole patois

Guam English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%, other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, other languages 3.5% (2000 census)

Guatemala Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)

Guernsey English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts

Guinea French (official), each ethnic group has its own language

Guinea-Bissau Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages

Guyana English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu

Haiti French (official), Creole (official)

Holy See (Vatican City) Italian, Latin, French, various other languages

Honduras Spanish, Amerindian dialects

Hong Kong Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official

Hungary Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)

Iceland Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken

India English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language

Indonesia Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese

Iran Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%

Iraq Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian

Ireland English (official) is the language generally used, Irish (official) (Gaelic or Gaeilge) spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard

Israel Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language

Italy Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)

Jamaica English, patois English

Japan Japanese

Jersey English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census)

Jordan Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes

Kazakhstan Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.)

Kenya English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages

Kiribati I-Kiribati, English (official)

Korea, North Korean

Korea, South Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high school

Kuwait Arabic (official), English widely spoken

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz (official), Russian (official)

Laos Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages

Latvia Latvian (official) 58.2%, Russian 37.5%, Lithuanian and other 4.3% (2000 census)

Lebanon Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian

Lesotho Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa

Liberia English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence

Libya Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities

Liechtenstein German (official), Alemannic dialect

Lithuania Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)

Luxembourg Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)

Macau Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)

Macedonia Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census)

Madagascar French (official), Malagasy (official)

Malawi Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census)

Malaysia Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai note: in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest are Iban and Kadazan

Maldives Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials

Mali French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages

Malta Maltese (official), English (official)

Man, Isle of English, Manx Gaelic

Marshall Islands Marshallese 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 census) note: English widely spoken as a second language; both Marshallese and English are official languages

Martinique French, Creole patois

Mauritania Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Hassaniya, Wolof

Mauritius Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4% (official), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)

Mayotte Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population

Mexico Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages

Micronesia, Federated States of English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi

Moldova Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)

Monaco French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

Mongolia Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)

Montserrat English

Morocco Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy

Mozambique Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)

Namibia English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama

Nauru Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes

Nepal Nepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census) note: many in government and business also speak English

Netherlands Dutch (official), Frisian (official)

Netherlands Antilles Papiamento 65.4% (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), English 15.9% (widely spoken), Dutch 7.3% (official), Spanish 6.1%, Creole 1.6%, other 1.9%, unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)

New Caledonia French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects

New Zealand English (official), Maori (official)

Nicaragua Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census) note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast

Niger French (official), Hausa, Djerma

Nigeria English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani

Niue Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English

Norfolk Island English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian

Northern Mariana Islands Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%, Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%, other 9.6% (2000 census)

Norway Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Oman Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects

Pakistan Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%

Palau Palauan 64.7% official in all islands except Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official), Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census)

Panama Spanish (official), English 14%; note - many Panamanians bilingual

Papua New Guinea Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua region note: 715 indigenous languages - many unrelated

Paraguay Spanish (official), Guarani (official)

Peru Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages

Philippines two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan

Pitcairn Islands English (official), Pitcairnese (mixture of an 18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)

Poland Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)

Portugal Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)

Puerto Rico Spanish, English

Qatar Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language

Reunion French (official), Creole widely used

Romania Romanian (official), Hungarian, German

Russia Russian, many minority languages

Rwanda Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers

Saint Helena English

Saint Kitts and Nevis English

Saint Lucia English (official), French patois

Saint Pierre and Miquelon French (official)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines English, French patois

Samoa Samoan (Polynesian), English

San Marino Italian

Sao Tome and Principe Portuguese (official)

Saudi Arabia Arabic

Senegal French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka

Serbia and Montenegro Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%

Seychelles Creole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)

Sierra Leone English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)

Singapore Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000 census)

Slovakia Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%, Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)

Slovenia Slovenian 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4% (2002 census)

Solomon Islands Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua franca; English is official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population note: 120 indigenous languages

Somalia Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English

South Africa IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001 census)

Spain Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%; note - Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other languages are official regionally

Sri Lanka Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8% note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population

Sudan Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English note: program of "Arabization" in process

Suriname Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese

Svalbard Norwegian, Russian

Swaziland English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official)

Sweden Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Switzerland German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%, Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%, Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch 0.5%, other 2.8% (2000 census) note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national languages, but only the first three are official languages

Syria Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood

Taiwan Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects

Tajikistan Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

Tanzania Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages

Thailand Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects

Togo French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)

Tokelau Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English

Tonga Tongan, English

Trinidad and Tobago English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese

Tunisia Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)

Turkey Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek

Turkmenistan Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%

Turks and Caicos Islands English (official)

Tuvalu Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)

Uganda English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic

Ukraine Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%; small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities

United Arab Emirates Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu

United Kingdom English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)

United States English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)

Uruguay Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)

Uzbekistan Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

Vanuatu local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English 1.9%, French 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census)

Venezuela Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects

Vietnam Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)

Virgin Islands English 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%, French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census)

Wallis and Futuna Wallisian 58.9% (indigenous Polynesian language), Futunian 30.1%, French 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census)

West Bank Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood)

Western Sahara Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic

World Chinese, Mandarin 13.69%, Spanish 5.05%, English 4.84%, Hindi 2.82%, Portuguese 2.77%, Bengali 2.68%, Russian 2.27%, Japanese 1.99%, German, Standard 1.49%, Chinese, Wu 1.21% (2004 est.) note: percents are for "first language" speakers only

Yemen Arabic

Zambia English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages

Zimbabwe English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2100 Legal system

Afghanistan according to the new constitution, no law should be "contrary to Islam"; the state is obliged to create a prosperous and progressive society based on social justice, protection of human dignity, protection of human rights, realization of democracy, and to ensure national unity and equality among all ethnic groups and tribes; the state shall abide by the UN charter, international treaties, international conventions that Afghanistan signed, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Akrotiri the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply

Albania has a civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; has accepted jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court for its citizens

Algeria socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

American Samoa NA

Andorra based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Angola based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets

Anguilla based on English common law

Antarctica Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may apply extra-territorially; some US laws directly apply to Antarctica; for example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the following activities, unless authorized by regulation of statute: the taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica; violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in fines and one year in prison; the National Science Foundation and Department of Justice share enforcement responsibilities; Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as amended in 1996, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans, Room 5805, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty; for more information, contact Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230; telephone: (703) 292-8030, or visit their website at www.nsf.gov; more generally, access to the Antarctic Treaty area, that is to all areas between 60 and 90 degrees latitude South, is subject to a number of relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by the states party to the Antarctic Treaty.

Antigua and Barbuda based on English common law

Argentina mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Armenia based on civil law system

Aruba based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence

Ashmore and Cartier Islands the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply

Australia based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Austria civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Azerbaijan based on civil law system

Bahamas, The based on English common law

Bahrain based on Islamic law and English common law

Baker Island the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Bangladesh based on English common law

Barbados English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts

Bassas da India the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Belarus based on civil law system

Belgium civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Belize English law

Benin based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bermuda English law

Bhutan based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bolivia based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bosnia and Herzegovina based on civil law system

Botswana based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bouvet Island the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply

Brazil based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

British Indian Ocean Territory the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply

British Virgin Islands English law

Brunei based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas

Bulgaria civil law and criminal law based on Roman law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Burkina Faso based on French civil law system and customary law

Burma has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Burundi based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Cambodia primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years

Cameroon based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Canada based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Cape Verde derived from the legal system of Portugal

Cayman Islands British common law and local statutes

Central African Republic based on French law

Chad based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Chile based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction note: Chile is in the process of completely overhauling its criminal justice system; a new, US-style adversarial system is being gradually implemented throughout the country with the final stage of implementation in the Santiago metropolitan region expected in June 2005

China a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal law; rudimentary civil code in effect since 1 January 1987; new legal codes in effect since 1 January 1980; continuing efforts are being made to improve civil, administrative, criminal, and commercial law

Christmas Island under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law

Clipperton Island the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Cocos (Keeling) Islands based upon the laws of Australia and local laws

Colombia based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted into law in 2004; judicial review of executive and legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Comoros French and Sharia (Islamic) law in a new consolidated code

Congo, Democratic Republic of the based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Congo, Republic of the based on French civil law system and customary law

Cook Islands based on New Zealand law and English common law

Coral Sea Islands the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply

Costa Rica based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Cote d'Ivoire based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Croatia based on civil law system

Cuba based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Cyprus based on common law, with civil law modifications

Czech Republic civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory

Denmark civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Dhekelia the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply

Djibouti based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law

Dominica based on English common law

Dominican Republic based on French civil codes; undergoing modification in 2004 towards an accusatory system

East Timor UN-drafted legal system based on Indonesian law remains in place but will be replaced by civil and penal codes based on Portuguese law (2004)

Ecuador based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Egypt based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

El Salvador based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Equatorial Guinea partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom

Eritrea primary basis is the Ethiopian legal code of 1957, with revisions; new civil, commercial, and penal codes have not yet been promulgated; also relies on customary and post-independence-enacted laws and, for civil cases involving Muslims, Sharia law

Estonia based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Ethiopia currently transitional mix of national and regional courts

Europa Island the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) English common law

Faroe Islands Danish

Fiji based on British system

Finland civil law system based on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

France civil law system with indigenous concepts; review of administrative but not legislative acts

French Guiana French legal system

French Polynesia based on French system

French Southern and Antarctic Lands the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Gabon based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Gambia, The based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Georgia based on civil law system

Germany civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Ghana based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Gibraltar English law

Glorioso Islands the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Greece based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, and administrative courts

Greenland Danish

Grenada based on English common law

Guadeloupe French legal system

Guam modeled on US; US federal laws apply

Guatemala civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Guernsey English law and local statutes; justice is administered by the Royal Court

Guinea based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Guinea-Bissau NA

Guyana based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Haiti based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Heard Island and McDonald Islands the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply

Holy See (Vatican City) based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it

Honduras rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Hong Kong based on English common law

Howland Island the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Hungary rule of law based on Western model

Iceland civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

India based on English common law; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus

Indonesia based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures and election codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Iran the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government

Iraq based on civil and Islamic law under the Iraqi Interim Government (IG) and Transitional Administrative Law (TAL)

Ireland based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Israel mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal systems; in December 1985, Israel informed the UN Secretariat that it would no longer accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Italy based on civil law system; appeals treated as new trials; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Jamaica based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Jan Mayen the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply

Japan modeled after European civil law system with English-American influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

Jarvis Island the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Jersey English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court

Johnston Atoll the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Jordan based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Juan de Nova Island the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Kazakhstan based on civil law system

Kenya based on Kenyan statutory law, Kenyan and English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991

Kingman Reef the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Kiribati NA

Korea, North based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Korea, South combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought

Kuwait civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Kyrgyzstan based on civil law system

Laos based on traditional customs, French legal norms and procedures, and socialist practice

Latvia based on civil law system

Lebanon mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Lesotho based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Liberia dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector

Libya based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Liechtenstein local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Lithuania based on civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the constitutional court

Luxembourg based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Macau based on Portuguese civil law system

Macedonia based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts

Madagascar based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Malawi based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Malaysia based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Maldives based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Mali based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Malta based on English common law and Roman civil law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations