@2001 GDP (continued 15)

Cayman Islands total: 785 km paved: 785 km (2000)

Central African Republic total: 23,810 km paved: 643 km unpaved: 23,167 km (1999 est.)

Chad total: 33,400 km paved: 267 km unpaved: 33,133 km (1999 est.)

Chile total: 79,814 km paved: 15,484 km (including 294 km of expressways) unpaved: 64,330 km (2000)

China total: 1,402,698 km paved: 314,204 km (with at least 16,314 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,088,494 km (2000)

Christmas Island total: 240 km paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands total: 15 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (2003)

Colombia total: 110,000 km paved: 26,000 km unpaved: 84,000 km (2000)

Comoros total: 880 km paved: 673 km unpaved: 207 km (1999 est)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 157,000 km (including 30 km of expressways) paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)

Congo, Republic of the total: 12,800 km paved: 1,242 km unpaved: 11,558 km (1999 est.)

Cook Islands total: 320 km paved: 33 km unpaved: 287 km (2000)

Costa Rica total: 35,892 km paved: 7,896 km unpaved: 27,996 km (2000)

Cote d'Ivoire total: 50,400 km paved: 4,889 km unpaved: 45,511 km (1999 est.)

Croatia total: 28,123 km paved: 23,792 km (including 410 km of expressways) unpaved: 4,331 km (2000)

Cuba total: 60,858 km paved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway) unpaved: 31,038 km (1999 est.)

Cyprus total: 13,491 km note: Republic of Cyprus: 11,141 km; north Cyprus: 2,350 km paved: Republic of Cyprus: 6,428 km; north Cyprus: 1,370 km unpaved: Republic of Cyprus: 4,713 km; north Cyprus: 980 km (2000/1996)

Czech Republic total: 55,408 km paved: 55,408 km (including 499 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2000)

Denmark total: 71,591 km paved: 71,591 km (including 880 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2000)

Djibouti total: 2,890 km paved: 364 km unpaved: 2,526 km (1999 est.)

Dominica total: 780 km paved: 393 km unpaved: 387 km (1999 est.)

Dominican Republic total: 12,600 km paved: 6,224 km unpaved: 6,376 km (1999)

East Timor total: 3,800 km paved: 428 km unpaved: 3,372 km (1995)

Ecuador total: 43,197 km paved: 8,164 km unpaved: 35,033 km (2000)

Egypt total: 64,000 km paved: 49,984 km unpaved: 14,016 km (1999 est.)

El Salvador total: 10,029 km paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways) unpaved: 8,043 km (1999 est.)

Equatorial Guinea total: 2,880 km (1999 est.)

Eritrea total: 4,010 km paved: 874 km unpaved: 3,136 km (1999 est.)

Estonia total: 51,411 km paved: 10,334 km (including 94 km of expressways) unpaved: 41,077 km (2000)

Ethiopia total: 31,571 km paved: 3,789 km unpaved: 27,782 km (2000)

European Union total: 4,634,810 km (including 56,704 km of expressways) paved: 4,161,318 km unpaved: 473,492 km (1999-2000)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)

Faroe Islands total: 463 km paved: 454 km unpaved: 9 km (1999)

Fiji total: 3,440 km paved: 1,692 km unpaved: 1,748 km (1999 est.)

Finland total: 78,137 km paved: 50,398 km (including 750 km of expressways) unpaved: 27,739 km (2003)

France total: 894,000 km paved: 894,000 km (including 11,500 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2000)

French Guiana total: 722 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1996)

French Polynesia total: 2,590 km paved: 1,735 km unpaved: 855 km (1999)

Gabon total: 8,464 km paved: 838 km unpaved: 7,626 km (2000 est.)

Gambia, The total: 2,700 km paved: 956 km unpaved: 1,744 km (1999)

Gaza Strip total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: small, poorly developed road network

Georgia total: 20,363 km paved: 19,038 km unpaved: 1,325 km (2000)

Germany total: 230,735 km paved: 230,735 km (including 11,515 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Ghana total: 39,409 km paved: 11,665 km unpaved: 27,744 km (1999 est.)

Gibraltar total: 29 km paved: 29 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Greece total: 117,000 km paved: 107,406 km (including 470 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,594 km (1999 est.)

Greenland total: NA (there are no roads between towns) (2003)

Grenada total: 1,040 km paved: 638 km unpaved: 402 km (1999 est.)

Guadeloupe total: 2,467 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1998)

Guam total: 885 km paved: 675 km unpaved: 210 km note: there are also 685 km of roads classified non-public, including roads located on federal government installations

Guatemala total: 14,118 km paved: 4,871 km (including 74 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,247 km (1999)

Guernsey total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Guinea total: 30,500 km paved: 5,033 km unpaved: 25,467 km (1999 est.)

Guinea-Bissau total: 4,400 km paved: 453 km unpaved: 3,947 km (1999 est.)

Guyana total: 7,970 km paved: 590 km unpaved: 7,380 km (1999 est.)

Haiti total: 4,160 km paved: 1,011 km unpaved: 3,149 km (1999 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City) none; all city streets

Honduras total: 13,603 km paved: 2,775 km unpaved: 10,828 km (1999 est.)

Hong Kong total: 1,831 km paved: 1,831 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

Hungary total: 188,203 km paved: 81,680 km (including 438 km of expressways) unpaved: 106,523 km (1999)

Iceland total: 12,955 km paved/oiled gravel: 3,863 km unpaved: 9,092 km (2003)

India total: 3,319,644 km paved: 1,517,077 km unpaved: 1,802,567 km (1999 est.)

Indonesia total: 342,700 km paved: 158,670 km unpaved: 184,030 km (1999 est.)

Iran total: 167,157 km paved: 94,109 km (including 890 km of expressways) unpaved: 73,048 km (1998)

Iraq total: 45,550 km paved: 38,399 km unpaved: 7,151 km (2000 est.)

Ireland total: 92,500 km paved: 87,043 km (including 115 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,457 km (2000 est.)

Israel total: 16,281 km paved: 16,281 km (including 56 km of expressways) unpaved: NA (2000)

Italy total: 479,688 km paved: 479,688 km (including 6,621 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Jamaica total: 18,700 km paved: 13,109 km unpaved: 5,591 km (1999 est.)

Japan total: 1,161,894 km paved: 534,471 km (including 6,455 km of expressways) unpaved: 627,423 km (1999)

Jersey total: 577 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Jordan total: 7,245 km paved: 7,245 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)

Kazakhstan total: 81,331 km paved: 77,020 km unpaved: 4,311 km (2000)

Kenya total: 63,942 km paved: 7,737 km unpaved: 56,205 km (2000)

Kiribati total: 670 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)

Korea, North total: 31,200 km paved: 1,997 km unpaved: 29,203 km (1999 est.)

Korea, South total: 86,990 km paved: 64,808 km (including 1,996 km of expressways) unpaved: 22,182 km (1999 est.)

Kuwait total: 4,450 km paved: 3,587 km unpaved: 863 km (1999 est.)

Kyrgyzstan total: 18,500 km paved: 16,854 km (including 140 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,646 km (1999 est.)

Laos total: 21,716 km paved: 9,664 km unpaved: 12,052 km (1999 est.)

Latvia total: 73,202 km paved: 28,256 km unpaved: 44,946 km (2000)

Lebanon total: 7,300 km paved: 6,198 km unpaved: 1,102 km (1999 est.)

Lesotho total: 5,940 km paved: 1,087 km unpaved: 4,853 km (1999)

Liberia total: 10,600 km paved: 657 km unpaved: 9,943 km (1999 est.)

Libya total: 83,200 km paved: 47,590 km unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.)

Liechtenstein total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km

Lithuania total: 75,243 km paved: 68,697 km (including 417 km of expressways) unpaved: 6,546 km (2000)

Luxembourg total: 5,189 km paved: 5,189 km (including 114 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2000)

Macau total: 271 km paved: 271 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)

Macedonia total: 8,684 km paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways) unpaved: 3,144 km (1999 est.)

Madagascar total: 49,827 km paved: 5,780 km unpaved: 44,047 km (1999 est.)

Malawi total: 28,400 km paved: 5,254 km unpaved: 23,146 km (1999 est.)

Malaysia total: 65,877 km paved: 49,935 km (including 1,192 km of expressways) unpaved: 15,942 km (1999)

Maldives total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Mali total: 15,100 km paved: 1,827 km unpaved: 13,273 km (1999 est.)

Malta total: 2,254 km paved: 1,972 km unpaved: 282 km (2000)

Man, Isle of total: 800 km paved: 800 km unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Marshall Islands total: NA km paved: 64.5 km unpaved: NA km note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks (2002)

Martinique total: 2,105 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (2000)

Mauritania total: 7,720 km paved: 830 km unpaved: 6,890 km (2000)

Mauritius total: 1,926 km paved: 1,868 km (including 44 km of expressways) unpaved: 58 km (2000)

Mayotte total: 93 km paved: 72 km unpaved: 21 km

Mexico total: 329,532 km paved: 108,087 km (including 6,429 km of expressways) unpaved: 221,445 km (1999 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of total: 240 km paved: 42 km unpaved: 198 km (1999 est.)

Midway Islands total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Moldova total: 12,657 km paved: 11,012 km unpaved: 1,645 km (1999)

Monaco total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

Mongolia total: 49,250 km paved: 1,724 km unpaved: 47,526 km (2003)

Montserrat total: 227 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: volcanic eruptions beginning in 1995 destroyed most of the road system (2003)

Morocco total: 57,707 km paved: 32,547 km (including 481 km of expressways) unpaved: 25,160 km (2000)

Mozambique total: 30,400 km paved: 5,685 km unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.)

Namibia total: 66,467 km paved: 9,172 km unpaved: 57,285 km (2000)

Nauru total: 30 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 6 km (1999 est.)

Nepal total: 13,223 km paved: 4,073 km unpaved: 9,150 km (1999 est.)

Netherlands total: 116,500 km paved: 104,850 km (including 2,235 km of expressways) unpaved: 11,650 km (1999)

Netherlands Antilles total: 600 km paved: 300 km unpaved: 300 km

New Caledonia total: 4,825 km paved: 2,287 km unpaved: 2,538 km (1999)

New Zealand total: 92,053 km paved: 57,809 km (including at least 190 km of expressways) unpaved: 34,244 km (2000)

Nicaragua total: 19,032 km paved: 2,094 km unpaved: 16,938 km (2000)

Niger total: 10,100 km paved: 798 km unpaved: 9,302 km (1999 est.)

Nigeria total: 194,394 km paved: 60,068 km (including 1,194 km of expressways) unpaved: 134,326 km (1999 est.)

Niue total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)

Norfolk Island total: 80 km paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2001)

Northern Mariana Islands total: 362 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1991)

Norway total: 91,454 km paved: 69,505 km (including 143 km of expressways) unpaved: 21,949 km (2000)

Oman total: 34,965 km paved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways) unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)

Pakistan total: 254,410 km paved: 109,396 km (including 339 km of expressways) unpaved: 145,014 km (1999)

Palau total: 61 km paved: 36 km unpaved: 25 km

Palmyra Atoll most of the roads and many causeways built during World War II are unserviceable and overgrown (2001)

Panama total: 11,400 km paved: 3,944 km (including 30 km of expressways) unpaved: 7,456 km (1999)

Papua New Guinea total: 19,600 km paved: 686 km unpaved: 18,914 km (1999 est.)

Paraguay total: 29,500 km paved: 14,986 km unpaved: 14,514 km (1999 est)

Peru total: 72,900 km paved: 9,331 km unpaved: 63,569 km (1999 est.)

Philippines total: 201,994 km paved: 42,419 km unpaved: 159,575 km (2000)

Pitcairn Islands total: 6.4 km paved: 0 km unpaved: 6.4 km

Poland total: 364,656 km paved: 249,060 km (including 358 km of expressways) unpaved: 115,596 km (2000)

Portugal total: 68,732 km paved: 59,110 km (including 1441 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,622 km (2000)

Puerto Rico total: 14,400 km paved: 14,400 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

Qatar total: 1,230 km paved: 1,107 km unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.)

Reunion total: 2,724 km paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road) unpaved: 1,424 km (1994)

Romania total: 198,603 km paved: 98,308 km (including 113 km of expressways) unpaved: 100,295 km (2000)

Russia total: 532,393 km paved: 358,833 km unpaved: 173,560 km (2000)

Rwanda total: 12,000 km paved: 996 km unpaved: 11,004 km (1999 est.)

Saint Helena total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km) paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) (2000)

Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 320 km paved: 136 km unpaved: 184 km (1999 est)

Saint Lucia total: 1,210 km paved: 63 km unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 1,040 km paved: 320 km unpaved: 720 km (1999 est.)

Samoa total: 790 km paved: 332 km unpaved: 458 km (1999 est.)

San Marino total: 220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)

Sao Tome and Principe total: 320 km paved: 218 km unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)

Saudi Arabia total: 151,470 km paved: 45,592 km unpaved: 105,878 km (1999)

Senegal total: 14,576 km paved: 4,271 km including 7 km of expressways unpaved: 10,305 km (2000)

Serbia and Montenegro total: 49,805 km paved: 31,029 km (including 560 km of expressways) unpaved: 18,776 km (2000)

Seychelles total: 373 km paved: 315 km unpaved: 58 km (1997 est.)

Sierra Leone total: 11,330 km paved: 895 km unpaved: 10,435 km (1999)

Singapore total: 3,066 km paved: 3,066 km (including 150 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Slovakia total: 42,717 km paved: 37,036 km (including 296 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,681 km (2000)

Slovenia total: 20,177 km paved: 20,157 km (including 427 km of expressways) unpaved: 20 km (2000)

Solomon Islands total: 1,360 km paved: 34 km unpaved: 1,326 km (1999 est.)

Somalia total: 22,100 km paved: 2,608 km unpaved: 19,492 km (1999 est.)

South Africa total: 362,099 km paved: 73,506 km (including 2,032 km of expressways) unpaved: 288,593 km (2000)

Spain total: 663,795 km paved: 657,157 km (including 10,317 km of expressways) unpaved: 6,638 km (1999)

Sri Lanka total: 96,695 km paved: 91,860 km unpaved: 4,835 km (1999)

Sudan total: 11,900 km paved: 4,320 km unpaved: 7,580 km (1999 est.)

Suriname total: 4,492 km paved: 1,168 km unpaved: 3,324 km (2000)

Svalbard total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Swaziland total: 3,247 km paved: NA unpaved: NA (1998)

Sweden total: 212,402 km paved: 166,523 km (including 1,499 km of expressways) unpaved: 45,879 km (2000)

Switzerland total: 71,011 km paved: 71,011 km (including 1,638 of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2000)

Syria total: 43,381 km paved: 10,021 km (including 877 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,360 km (1999)

Taiwan total: 35,931 km paved: 31,583 km (including 608 km of expressways) unpaved: 4,348 km (2000)

Tajikistan total: 27,767 km paved: NA unpaved: NA (2000)

Tanzania total: 88,200 km paved: 3,704 km unpaved: 84,496 km (1999 est.)

Thailand total: 64,600 km paved: 62,985 km unpaved: 1,615 km (1999 est.)

Togo total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)

Tokelau total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Tonga total: 680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago total: 8,320 km paved: 4,252 km unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)

Tunisia total: 18,997 km paved: 12,310 km (including 142 km of expressways) unpaved: 6,687 km (2000)

Turkey total: 385,960 km paved: 131,226 km (including 1,749 km of expressways) unpaved: 254,734 km (1999)

Turkmenistan total: 24,000 km paved: 19,488 km unpaved: 4,512 km (1999 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands total: 121 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 97 km (2000)

Tuvalu total: 8 km paved: 0 km unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.)

Uganda total: 27,000 km paved: 1,809 km unpaved: 25,191 km (1999 est.)

Ukraine total: 169,491 km paved: 163,898 km unpaved: 5,593 km (2000)

United Arab Emirates total: 1,088 km paved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

United Kingdom total: 371,913 km paved: 371,913 km (including 3,358 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)

United States total: 6,406,296 km paved: 4,148,395 km (including 74,898 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,257,902 km (2002)

Uruguay total: 8,983 km paved: 8,081 km unpaved: 902 km (1999 est.)

Uzbekistan total: 81,600 km paved: 71,237 km unpaved: 10,363 km (1999 est.)

Vanuatu total: 1,070 km paved: 256 km unpaved: 814 km (1999 est.)

Venezuela total: 96,155 km paved: 32,308 km unpaved: 63,847 km (1999 est.)

Vietnam total: 93,300 km paved: 23,418 km unpaved: 69,882 km (1999 est.)

Virgin Islands total: 856 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: the only US possession where driving on the left side of the road is practiced (2000)

Wallis and Futuna total: 120 km (Ile Uvea 100 km, Ile Futuna 20 km) paved: 16 km (all on Ile Uvea) unpaved: 104 km (Ile Uvea 84 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)

West Bank total: 4,500 km paved: 2,700 km unpaved: 1,800 km note: Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish settlements (1997 est.)

Western Sahara total: 6,200 km paved: 1,350 km unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est)

World total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Yemen total: 67,000 km paved: 7,705 km unpaved: 59,295 km (1999 est.)

Zambia total: 66,781 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)

Zimbabwe total: 18,338 km paved: 8,692 km unpaved: 9,646 km (1999 est.)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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@2086 Illicit drugs

Afghanistan world's largest producer of opium; cultivation of opium poppy reached unprecedented level of 206,700 hectares in 2004; counterdrug efforts largely unsuccessful; potential opium production of 4,950 metric tons; potential heroin production of 582 metric tons if all opium was processed; source of hashish; many narcotics-processing labs throughout the country; drug trade source of instability and some antigovernment groups profit from the trade; 80-90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from Afghan opium; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through informal financial networks

Albania increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens

Angola used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states

Anguilla transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Antigua and Barbuda considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center

Argentina used as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe and the US; some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing

Armenia illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic consumption; used as a transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe

Aruba transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some accompanying money-laundering activity

Australia Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

Austria transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe

Azerbaijan limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe

Bahamas, The transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; offshore financial center

Bangladesh transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries

Barbados one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center

Belarus limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and lightly regulated financial center; new anti-money-laundering legislation does not meet international standards; few investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities

Belgium growing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point for US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol and tobacco

Belize major transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and offshore sector

Benin transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western Europe and the US; vulnerable to money laundering due to a poorly regulated financial infrastructure

Bolivia world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru) with an estimated 28,450 hectares under cultivation in June 2003, a 23% increase from June 2002; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported mostly to or through Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to European and US drug markets; eradication and alternative crop programs under the MESA administration have been unable to keep pace with farmers' attempts to increase cultivation; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trade, especially along the borders with Brazil and Paraguay

Bosnia and Herzegovina minor transit point for marijuana and opiate trafficking routes to Western Europe; remains highly vulnerable to money laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and unregulated economy, weak law enforcement and instances of corruption

Brazil illicit producer of cannabis; minor coca cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe and the US; also used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics proceeds earned in Brazil are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area

British Virgin Islands transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe; large offshore financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering

Brunei drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty

Bulgaria major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions

Burma world's second largest producer of illicit opium (potential production in 2003 - 484 metric tons, down 23% due to eradication efforts and alternate development; cultivation in 2003 - 47,130 hectares, a 39% decline from 2002); surrender of drug warlord KHUN SA's Mong Tai Army in January 1996 was hailed by Rangoon as a major counternarcotics success, but lack of government will and ability to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for regional consumption; currently under Financial Action Task Force countermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequate money-laundering controls

Cambodia narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders

Canada illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector

Cape Verde used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Cayman Islands offshore financial center; vulnerable to drug transshipment to the US and Europe

Chile important transshipment country for cocaine destined for Europe and the US; economic prosperity and increasing trade have made Chile more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits, especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone, but a new anti-money-laundering law improves controls; imported precursors passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising

China major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country for chemical precursors and methamphetamine

Colombia illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis; world's leading coca cultivator (cultivation of coca in 2002 was 144,450 hectares, a 15% decline since 2001); potential production of opium between 2001 and 2002 declined by 25% to 91 metric tons; potential production of heroin declined to 11.3 metric tons; the world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of about 90% of the cocaine to the US market and the great majority of cocaine to other international drug markets; important supplier of heroin to the US market; active aerial eradication program; a significant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are either laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso exchange

Congo, Democratic Republic of the illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Costa Rica transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots; domestic cocaine consumption is rising, particularly crack cocaine

Cote d'Ivoire illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local consumption; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US, and for Latin American cocaine destined for Europe and South Africa; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center

Croatia transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe

Cuba territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone for cocaine and heroin bound for the US and Europe; established the death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999

Cyprus minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey; some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of anti-money laundering legislation, remains highly vulnerable to money laundering; identification of benefiting owners and reporting of suspicious transactions by nonresident-controlled companies in offshore sector remains weak

Czech Republic transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime

Dominica transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcement is weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to money laundering

Dominican Republic transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor the Dominican Republic for illicit financial transactions

East Timor NA

Ecuador significant transit country for cocaine originating in Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime, especially vulnerable along the border with Colombia; increased activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents

Egypt transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; transit stop for Nigerian couriers; concern as money-laundering site due to lax financial regulations and enforcement

El Salvador transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise

Estonia transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest Asia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to Western Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western Europe to Scandinavia; increasing domestic drug abuse problem; possible precursor manufacturing and/or trafficking; potential money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is a concern as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds

Ethiopia Transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

France transshipment point for and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics

French Guiana small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe

Georgia limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia

Germany source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs; major financial center

Ghana illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and corruption have made money laundering a problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Greece a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime

Grenada small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for marijuana and cocaine to US

Guatemala major transit country for cocaine and heroin; minor producer of illicit opium poppy and cannabis for mostly domestic consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Guyana transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis

Haiti major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption

Honduras transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering activity

Hong Kong Makes strenuous law enforcement efforts, but faces difficult challenges in controlling transit of heroin and methamphetamine to regional and world markets; modern banking system provides a conduit for money laundering; rising indigenous use of synthetic drugs, especially among young people

Hungary transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking

India world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of methaqualone; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the hawala system

Indonesia illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin

Iran despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; domestic narcotics consumption remains a persistent problem and according to official Iranian statistics there are at least 2 million drug users in the country; lax anti-money-laundering regulations

Ireland transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money laundering using bureaux de change, trusts, shell companies involving the offshore financial community remains a concern

Israel increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse; drugs arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from Jordan; money-laundering center

Italy important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling

Jamaica major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit financial transactions

Kazakhstan significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS markets, as well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra (for the drug ephedrine); limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe

Kenya widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center, massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities

Korea, North for years, from the 1970's into the 2000's, citizens of the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December 2004; in recent years, police investigations in Taiwan and Japan have linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003; all indications point to North Korea emerging as an important regional source of illicit drugs targeting markets in Japan, Taiwan, the Russian Far East, and China

Kyrgyzstan limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe

Laos world's third-largest illicit opium producer (estimated cultivation in 2003 - 18,900 hectares, a 19% decrease over 2002; estimated potential production in 2003 - 200 metric tons, a 11% increase from 2002); potential heroin producer; transshipment point for heroin and methamphetamine produced in Burma; illicit producer of cannabis; growing methamphetamine abuse problem

Latvia transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Central and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin American cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS; vulnerable to money laundering despite improved legislation due to nascent enforcement capabilities and comparatively weak regulation of offshore companies, exchange firms, and the gaming industry; organized crime (including counterfeiting, corruption, extortion, stolen cars, and prostitution) accounts for most laundered proceeds

Lebanon cannabis cultivation dramatically reduced to 2,500 hectares in 2002; opium poppy cultivation minimal; small amounts of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin transit country on way to European markets and for Middle Eastern consumption

Liberia transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European and US markets; corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center

Liechtenstein has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein sophisticated offshore financial services sector

Lithuania transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and ecstasy; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking legislation

Macedonia major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although most criminal activity is thought to be domestic and not a financial center, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement (no arrests or prosecutions for money laundering to date)

Madagascar illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin

Malaysia transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties

Malta minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe

Martinique transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe

Mauritius minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry

Mexico illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 2001 - 4,400 hectares; potential heroin production - 7 metric tons) and of cannabis (in 2001 - 4,100 hectares); government eradication efforts have been key in keeping illicit crop levels low; major supplier of heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America, accounting for about 70 percent of estimated annual cocaine movement to the US; major drug syndicates control majority of drug trafficking throughout the country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant money-laundering center

Moldova limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity

Montserrat transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Morocco illicit producer of hashish; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe

Mozambique Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Nauru offshore banking recently stopped, remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Nepal illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West

Netherlands major European producer of ecstasy, illicit amphetamines, and other synthetic drugs; important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of US-bound ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money laundering

Netherlands Antilles transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center

Nicaragua transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Nigeria a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity, remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Pakistan opium poppy in Federally Administered Tribal Areas, North-West Frontier Province, and Balochistan Province has rebounded since it was nearly eliminated in 2001; key transit point for Afghan drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Western markets, the Gulf States, and Africa; financial crimes related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling remain problems

Panama major cocaine transshipment point and primary money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains a major problem

Paraguay major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, Europe, and US; corruption and some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area

Peru until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15 percent to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa

Philippines exports locally-produced marijuana and hashish to East Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point for heroin and crystal methamphetamine; domestic methamphetamine production is a growing problem; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Poland major illicit producer of synthetic drugs for the international market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe

Portugal gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market (especially from Brazil); transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Romania major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable to laundering which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange houses, and casinos

Russia limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption; government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are key concerns; heroin increasingly popular in domestic market

Saint Kitts and Nevis transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity

Saint Lucia transit point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis cultivation

Saudi Arabia death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption of heroin, cocaine, and hashish; not a major money-laundering center, improving anti-money-laundering legislation

Senegal transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis

Serbia and Montenegro transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering

Singapore as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to be used as a transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering

Slovakia transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market

Slovenia minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

South Africa transshipment center for heroin, hashish, marijuana, and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries; illicit cultivation of marijuana; attractive venue for money launderers given the increasing level of organized criminal and narcotics activity in the region

Spain key European gateway country and consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money laundering site for European earnings of Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations

Suriname growing transshipment point for South American drugs destined for Europe and Brazil; transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Switzerland a major international financial center vulnerable to the layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for and consumer of South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin

Syria a transit point for opiates and hashish bound for regional and Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls, bank privatization may leave it vulnerable to money-laundering

Taiwan regional transit point for heroin and methamphetamine; major problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin; renewal of domestic methamphetamine production is a problem

Tajikistan major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80 percent of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third world-wide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium)

Tanzania growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African, European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for Southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem

Thailand a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine

Togo transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem

Trinidad and Tobago transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis

Turkey key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

Turkmenistan transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Turks and Caicos Islands transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Ukraine limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF

United Arab Emirates the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to southwest Asian drug producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls improving

United Kingdom producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs; money-laundering center

United States consumer of cocaine shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean; consumer of heroin, marijuana, and increasingly methamphetamine from Mexico; consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center

Uzbekistan transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Venezuela small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border

Vietnam minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin; domestic opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems

World cocaine: worldwide, coca is grown on an estimated 173,450 hectares-almost exclusively in South America with 70% in Colombia; potential cocaine production during 2003 is estimated at 728 metric tons (or 835 metric tons of export quality cocaine); coca eradication programs continue in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru; 376 metric tons of export quality cocaine are documented to have been seized in 2003, and 26 metric tons disrupted (jettisoned or destroyed); consumption of export quality cocaine is estimated to have been 800 metric tons opiates: cultivation of opium poppy occurred on an estimated 137,944 hectares in 2003-mostly in Southwest and Southeast Asia-with 44% in Afghanistan, potentially produced 3,775 metric tons of opium - which conceivably could be converted to the equivalent of 429 metric tons of pure heroin; opium eradication programs have been undertaken in Afghanistan, Burma, Colombia, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam

Zambia transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers

Zimbabwe transit point for African cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South African and European markets

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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@2087 Imports

Afghanistan $1.007 billion (2002 est.)

Albania $1.76 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Algeria $12.42 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

American Samoa $123 million (2002)

Andorra $1.077 billion (1998)

Angola $4.08 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Anguilla $80.9 million (1999)

Antigua and Barbuda $692 million (2002 est.)

Argentina $13.27 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Armenia $1.18 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Aruba $841 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Australia $82.91 billion (2003 est.)

Austria $81.59 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Azerbaijan $2.498 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Bahamas, The $1.614 billion (2002 est.)

Bahrain $5.126 billion (2003 est.)

Bangladesh $9.459 billion (2003 est.)

Barbados $1.039 billion (2002)

Belarus $11.09 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Belgium $173 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Belize $500.6 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Benin $726 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Bermuda $5.523 billion (2002)

Bhutan $196 million c.i.f. (2000 est.)

Bolivia $1.505 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $4.7 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Botswana $1.753 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Brazil $48.25 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

British Virgin Islands $187 million (2002 est.)

Brunei $1.63 billion c.i.f. (2002 est.)

Bulgaria $9.723 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Burkina Faso $633.6 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Burma $2.071 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Burundi $128 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Cambodia $2.124 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Cameroon $1.959 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Canada $240.4 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Cape Verde $315.5 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Cayman Islands $457.4 million (1999)

Central African Republic $136 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Chad $760 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Chile $17.4 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

China $397.4 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Christmas Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA

Colombia $13.06 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Comoros $88 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $933 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Congo, Republic of the $666.9 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Cook Islands $50.7 million (2000)

Costa Rica $7.057 billion (2003 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $2.781 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Croatia $12.86 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Cuba $4.531 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: $4.637 billion f.o.b.; north Cyprus: $301 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Czech Republic $50.4 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Denmark $54.47 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Djibouti $665 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Dominica $98.2 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Dominican Republic $7.911 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

East Timor $237 million (2001 est.)

Ecuador $6.22 billion (2003 est.)

Egypt $14.75 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

El Salvador $5.466 billion (2003 est.)

Equatorial Guinea $1.371 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Eritrea $600 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Estonia $5.535 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Ethiopia $1.964 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

European Union $887.1 billion (2002)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $53 million (2002)

Faroe Islands $466 million c.i.f. (2002)

Fiji $835 million c.i.f. (2002)

Finland $37.35 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

France $339.9 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

French Guiana $625 million c.i.f. (2002 est.)

French Polynesia $1.341 billion f.o.b. (2002)

Gabon $1.079 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Gambia, The $271 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Gaza Strip $1.9 billion c.i.f., includes West Bank

Georgia $1.25 billion (2003 est.)

Germany $585 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Ghana $3.24 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Gibraltar $1.743 billion c.i.f. (2002)

Greece $33.27 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Greenland $445 million c.i.f. (2002)

Grenada $208 million (2002 est.)

Guadeloupe $1.7 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Guam $462 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guatemala $5.749 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Guernsey NA

Guinea $646 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $104 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guyana $612 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Haiti $1.028 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Honduras $3.11 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Hong Kong $230.3 billion (2003 est.)

Hungary $46.19 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Iceland $2.59 billion (2003 est.)

India $74.15 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Indonesia $40.22 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Iran $25.26 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Iraq $6.521 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Ireland $57.54 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Israel $32.27 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Italy $271.1 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Jamaica $3.265 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Japan $346.6 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Jersey NA

Jordan $4.946 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Kazakhstan $8.621 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Kenya $3.705 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Kiribati $83 million c.i.f. (2002)

Korea, North $2.042 billion c.i.f. (2002 est.)

Korea, South $175.6 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Kuwait $9.606 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $601 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Laos $492 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Latvia $4.921 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Lebanon $6.073 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Lesotho $661 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Liberia $5.051 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Libya $6.282 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Liechtenstein $917.3 million (1996)

Lithuania $9.2 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Luxembourg $11.61 billion c.i.f. (2002)

Macau $2.53 billion c.i.f. (2002)

Macedonia $2.184 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Madagascar $920 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Malawi $505 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Malaysia $74.4 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Maldives $392 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Mali $927 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Malta $2.761 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Man, Isle of NA

Marshall Islands $54 million f.o.b. (2000)

Martinique $2 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Mauritania $860 million f.o.b. (2002)

Mauritius $2.136 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Mayotte $141.3 million f.o.b. (1997)

Mexico $168.9 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of $149 million f.o.b. (FY99/00 est.)

Moldova $1.34 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Monaco $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Mongolia $691 million c.i.f. (2002 est.)

Montserrat $17 million (2001)

Morocco $12.75 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Mozambique $1.142 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Namibia $1.371 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Nauru $31 million c.i.f. (2002)

Nepal $1.419 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Netherlands $217.7 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Netherlands Antilles $2.233 billion f.o.b. (2002)

New Caledonia $1.007 billion f.o.b. (2002)

New Zealand $16.06 billion (2003 est.)

Nicaragua $1.658 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Niger $400 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Nigeria $14.54 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Niue $2.38 million (1999)

Norfolk Island $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)

Northern Mariana Islands NA

Norway $40.19 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Oman $5.659 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Pakistan $12.51 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Palau $99 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)

Panama $6.622 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Papua New Guinea $967 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Paraguay $2.77 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Peru $8.244 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Philippines $35.97 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland $63.65 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Portugal $43.73 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Puerto Rico $29.1 billion c.i.f. (2001)

Qatar $5.711 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Reunion $2.5 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Romania $22.17 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Russia $74.8 billion (2003 est.)

Rwanda $245.8 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Saint Helena $42 million c.i.f. (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis $195 million (2002 est.)

Saint Lucia $267 million (2002 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $106 million f.o.b. (2002)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $174 million (2002 est.)

Samoa $113 million f.o.b. (2002)

San Marino trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Sao Tome and Principe $30.03 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Saudi Arabia $30.38 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Senegal $1.753 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro $7.144 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Seychelles $383.7 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Sierra Leone $264 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Singapore $121.6 billion (2003 est.)

Slovakia $21.9 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Slovenia $12.63 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Solomon Islands $100 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Somalia $344 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

South Africa $33.89 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Spain $197.1 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Sri Lanka $6.626 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Sudan $2.383 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Suriname $604 million f.o.b. (2002)

Svalbard NA

Swaziland $1.088 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Sweden $83.27 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Switzerland $102.2 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Syria $4.845 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Taiwan $119.6 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Tajikistan $890 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Tanzania $1.674 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Thailand $65.3 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Togo $501.3 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Tokelau $323,000 c.i.f. (1983)

Tonga $86 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago $3.917 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Tunisia $10.3 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Turkey $62.43 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Turkmenistan $2.472 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands $175.6 million (2000)

Tuvalu $79 million c.i.f. (2002)

Uganda $1.179 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Ukraine $23.58 billion (2003 est.)

United Arab Emirates $37.16 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

United Kingdom $363.6 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

United States $1.26 trillion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Uruguay $1.989 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Uzbekistan $2.31 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Vanuatu $138 million c.i.f. (2002)

Venezuela $10.71 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Vietnam $22.5 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Virgin Islands NA

Wallis and Futuna $300,000 f.o.b. (1999)

West Bank $1.9 billion c.i.f., includes Gaza Strip

Western Sahara NA

World $6.531 trillion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Yemen $3.042 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Zambia $1.128 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Zimbabwe $1.691 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@2088 Independence

Afghanistan 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)

Albania 28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)

Algeria 5 July 1962 (from France)

American Samoa none (territory of the US)

Andorra 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)

Angola 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Anguilla none (overseas territory of the UK)

Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981 (from UK)

Argentina 9 July 1816 (from Spain)

Armenia 21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Aruba none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Australia 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)

Austria 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)

Azerbaijan 30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Bahamas, The 10 July 1973 (from UK)

Bahrain 15 August 1971 (from UK)

Bangladesh 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh

Barbados 30 November 1966 (from UK)

Belarus 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Belgium 4 October 1830 (a provisional government declares independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King Leopold I ascends to the throne)

Belize 21 September 1981 (from UK)

Benin 1 August 1960 (from France)

Bermuda none (overseas territory of the UK)

Bhutan 8 August 1949 (from India)

Bolivia 6 August 1825 (from Spain)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for independence was completed 1 March 1992; independence was declared 3 March 1992)

Botswana 30 September 1966 (from UK)

Brazil 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

British Virgin Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)

Brunei 1 January 1984 (from UK)

Bulgaria 3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)

Burkina Faso 5 August 1960 (from France)

Burma 4 January 1948 (from UK)

Burundi 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

Cambodia 9 November 1953 (from France)

Cameroon 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Canada 1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (independence recognized)

Cape Verde 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Cayman Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)

Central African Republic 13 August 1960 (from France)

Chad 11 August 1960 (from France)

Chile 18 September 1810 (from Spain)

China 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established)

Christmas Island none (territory of Australia)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands none (territory of Australia)

Colombia 20 July 1810 (from Spain)

Comoros 6 July 1975 (from France)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 30 June 1960 (from Belgium)

Congo, Republic of the 15 August 1960 (from France)

Cook Islands none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)

Costa Rica 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Cote d'Ivoire 7 August 1960 (from France)

Croatia 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Cuba 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902)

Cyprus 16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by Turkey

Czech Republic 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

Denmark first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy

Djibouti 27 June 1977 (from France)

Dominica 3 November 1978 (from UK)

Dominican Republic 27 February 1844 (from Haiti)

East Timor 28 November 1975 (date of proclamation of independence from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of East Timor's independence from Indonesia

Ecuador 24 May 1822 (from Spain)

Egypt 28 February 1922 (from UK)

El Salvador 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Equatorial Guinea 12 October 1968 (from Spain)

Eritrea 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)

Estonia 20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Ethiopia oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years

European Union 7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Faroe Islands none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Fiji 10 October 1970 (from UK)

Finland 6 December 1917 (from Russia)

France 486 (unified by Clovis)

French Guiana none (overseas department of France)

French Polynesia none (overseas territory of France)

Gabon 17 August 1960 (from France)

Gambia, The 18 February 1965 (from UK)

Georgia 9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Germany 18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991

Ghana 6 March 1957 (from UK)

Gibraltar none (overseas territory of the UK)

Greece 1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)

Greenland none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland)

Grenada 7 February 1974 (from UK)

Guadeloupe none (overseas department of France)

Guam none (territory of the US)

Guatemala 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Guernsey none (British crown dependency)

Guinea 2 October 1958 (from France)

Guinea-Bissau 24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)

Guyana 26 May 1966 (from UK)

Haiti 1 January 1804 (from France)

Holy See (Vatican City) 11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century

Honduras 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Hong Kong none (special administrative region of China)

Hungary 1001 (unification by King Stephen I)

Iceland 1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)

India 15 August 1947 (from UK)

Indonesia 17 August 1945 (independence proclaimed); 27 December 1949 (Netherlands recognizes Indonesian independence)

Iran 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)

Iraq 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government

Ireland 6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)

Israel 14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)

Italy 17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not finally unified until 1870)

Jamaica 6 August 1962 (from UK)

Japan 660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu)

Jersey none (British crown dependency)

Jordan 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)

Kazakhstan 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Kenya 12 December 1963 (from UK)

Kiribati 12 July 1979 (from UK)

Korea, North 15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Korea, South 15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Kuwait 19 June 1961 (from UK)

Kyrgyzstan 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Laos 19 July 1949 (from France)

Latvia 21 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Lebanon 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)

Lesotho 4 October 1966 (from UK)

Liberia 26 July 1847

Libya 24 December 1951 (from Italy)

Liechtenstein 23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)

Lithuania 11 March 1990 (independence declared from Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (Soviet Union recognizes Lithuania's independence)

Luxembourg 1839 (from the Netherlands)

Macau none (special administrative region of China)

Macedonia 8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsing independence from Yugoslavia)

Madagascar 26 June 1960 (from France)

Malawi 6 July 1964 (from UK)

Malaysia 31 August 1957 (from UK)

Maldives 26 July 1965 (from UK)

Mali 22 September 1960 (from France)

Malta 21 September 1964 (from UK)

Man, Isle of none (British crown dependency)

Marshall Islands 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Martinique none (overseas department of France)

Mauritania 28 November 1960 (from France)

Mauritius 12 March 1968 (from UK)

Mayotte none (territorial collectivity of France)

Mexico 16 September 1810 (from Spain)

Micronesia, Federated States of 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)

Moldova 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Monaco 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)

Mongolia 11 July 1921 (from China)

Montserrat none (overseas territory of the UK)

Morocco 2 March 1956 (from France)

Mozambique 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

Namibia 21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)

Nauru 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)

Nepal 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)

Netherlands 23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; it was not until 1648 that Spain recognized their independence)

Netherlands Antilles none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

New Caledonia none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014

New Zealand 26 September 1907 (from UK)

Nicaragua 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Niger 3 August 1960 (from France)

Nigeria 1 October 1960 (from UK)

Niue on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand

Norfolk Island none (territory of Australia)

Northern Mariana Islands none (commonwealth in political union with the US)

Norway 7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union)

Oman 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)

Pakistan 14 August 1947 (from UK)

Palau 1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)

Panama 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821)

Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)

Paraguay 14 May 1811 (from Spain)

Peru 28 July 1821 (from Spain)

Philippines 12 June 1898 (from Spain)

Pitcairn Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)

Poland 11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed)

Portugal 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (independent republic proclaimed)

Puerto Rico none (commonwealth associated with the US)

Qatar 3 September 1971 (from UK)

Reunion none (overseas department of France)

Romania 9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from Turkey; independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin; kingdom proclaimed 26 March 1881); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)

Russia 24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Rwanda 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)

Saint Helena none (overseas territory of the UK)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983 (from UK)

Saint Lucia 22 February 1979 (from UK)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979 (from UK)

Samoa 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)

San Marino 3 September 301

Sao Tome and Principe 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Saudi Arabia 23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)

Senegal 4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960

Serbia and Montenegro 27 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or FRY - now Serbia and Montenegro - formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY)

Seychelles 29 June 1976 (from UK)

Sierra Leone 27 April 1961 (from UK)

Singapore 9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)

Slovakia 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

Slovenia 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Solomon Islands 7 July 1978 (from UK)

Somalia 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)

South Africa 31 May 1910 (from UK); note - South Africa became a republic in 1961 following an October 1960 referendum

Spain the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior to the Moslem occupation that began in the early 8th century A. D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain

Sri Lanka 4 February 1948 (from UK)

Sudan 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)

Suriname 25 November 1975 (from Netherlands)

Svalbard none (territory of Norway)

Swaziland 6 September 1968 (from UK)

Sweden 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)

Switzerland 1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)

Syria 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)

Tajikistan 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Tanzania 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964

Thailand 1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)

Togo 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Tokelau none (territory of New Zealand)

Tonga 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)

Trinidad and Tobago 31 August 1962 (from UK)

Tunisia 20 March 1956 (from France)

Turkey 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)

Turkmenistan 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Turks and Caicos Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)

Tuvalu 1 October 1978 (from UK)

Uganda 9 October 1962 (from UK)

Ukraine 24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971 (from UK)

United Kingdom England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284 with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in 1927

United States 4 July 1776 (from Great Britain)

Uruguay 25 August 1825 (from Brazil)

Uzbekistan 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Vanuatu 30 July 1980 (from France and UK)

Venezuela 5 July 1811 (from Spain)

Vietnam 2 September 1945 (from France)

Wallis and Futuna none (overseas territory of France)

Yemen 22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen had become independent in November of 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)

Zambia 24 October 1964 (from UK)

Zimbabwe 18 April 1980 (from UK)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@2089 Industrial production growth rate (%)

Afghanistan NA

Albania 2.7% (2003 est.)

Algeria 6% (2003 est.)

American Samoa NA

Andorra NA

Angola 1% (2000)

Anguilla 3.1% (1997 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda 6% (1997 est.)

Argentina 16.2% (2003 est.)

Armenia 15% (2002 est.)

Aruba NA (2002 est.)

Australia -0.1% (2003 est.)

Austria 1.9% (2003 est.)

Azerbaijan 6.1% (2003 est.)

Bahamas, The NA (2002 est.)

Bahrain 2% (2000 est.)

Bangladesh 1.9% (2003 est.)

Barbados -3.2% (2000 est.)

Belarus 5% (2003 est.)

Belgium -1.5% (2003 est.)

Belize 4.6% (1999)

Benin 8.3% (2001 est.)

Bermuda NA

Bhutan 9.3% (1996 est.)

Bolivia 3.9% (1998)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.5% (2003 est.)

Botswana 7.3% (2003 est.)

Brazil 0.4% (2003 est.)

British Virgin Islands NA

Brunei 5% (2002 est.)

Bulgaria 6.3% (2003 est.)

Burkina Faso 14% (2001 est.)

Burma NA

Burundi 18% (2001)

Cambodia 22% (2002 est.)

Cameroon 4.2% (1999 est.)

Canada 0.2% (2003 est.)

Cape Verde NA

Cayman Islands NA

Central African Republic 3% (2002)

Chad 5% (1995)

Chile 1.5% (2003 est.)

China 30.4% (2003 est.)

Christmas Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA

Colombia 3.5% (2003 est.)

Comoros -2% (1999 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA

Congo, Republic of the 0% (2002 est.)

Cook Islands 1% (2002)

Costa Rica 8% (2003 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 15% (1998 est.)

Croatia 3.9% (2003 est.)

Cuba 2.4% (2003 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: -0.6% (2002); north Cyprus: -0.3% (2003)

Czech Republic 3.3% (2003)

Denmark 0.3% (2003 est.)

Djibouti 3% (1996 est.)

Dominica -10% (1997 est.)

Dominican Republic 2% (2001 est.)

East Timor 8.5%

Ecuador 5.3% (2003 est.)

Egypt 1.5% (2003 est.)

El Salvador 1.6% (2003 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 30% (2002 est.)

Eritrea NA

Estonia 5% (2000 est.)

Ethiopia 6.7% (2001 est.)

European Union 0.8% (2004 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA

Faroe Islands 8% (1999 est.)

Fiji NA

Finland 0.8% (2003 est.)

France -0.3% (2003)

French Guiana NA

French Polynesia NA

Gabon 1.6% (2002 est.)

Gambia, The NA

Gaza Strip NA

Georgia 3% (2000)

Germany 0.2% (2003 est.)

Ghana 3.8% (2000 est.)

Gibraltar NA

Greece 0.7% (2003 est.)

Greenland NA

Grenada 0.7% (1997 est.)

Guadeloupe NA

Guam NA

Guatemala 4.1% (1999)

Guernsey NA

Guinea 3.2% (1994)

Guinea-Bissau 2.6% (1997 est.)

Guyana 7.1% (1997 est.)

Haiti NA

Honduras 7.7% (2003 est.)

Hong Kong -9.2% (2003 est.)

Hungary 6.4% (2003 est.)

Iceland 8.1% (2003 est.)

India 6.5% (2003 est.)

Indonesia 3.7% (2003 est.)

Iran 3% excluding oil (2003 est.)

Iraq NA

Ireland 6.7% (2003 est.)

Israel -0.6% (2003 est.)

Italy -0.5% (2003)

Jamaica -2% (2000 est.)

Japan 3.3% (2003 est.)

Jersey NA

Jordan 3.5% (2003 est.)

Kazakhstan 8.8% (2003 est.)

Kenya 2% (2003 est.)

Kiribati 0.7% (1991 est.)

Korea, North NA

Korea, South 5.1% (2003 est.)

Kuwait -5% (2002 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 6% (2000 est.)

Laos 9.7% (2001 est.)

Latvia 8% (2003 est.)

Lebanon NA

Lesotho 15.5% (1999)

Liberia NA

Libya NA

Liechtenstein NA

Lithuania 16.1% (2003 est.)

Luxembourg 1.7% (2003 est.)

Macau NA

Macedonia 4.5% (2003 est.)

Madagascar 3% (2000 est.)

Malawi -1.6% (2003 est.)

Malaysia 9.3% (2003 est.)

Maldives 4.4% (1996 est.)

Mali NA (FY96/97)

Malta NA

Man, Isle of 3.2% (FY96/97)

Marshall Islands NA

Martinique NA

Mauritania 2% (2000 est.)

Mauritius 8% (2000 est.)

Mayotte NA

Mexico -0.7% (2003 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of NA

Moldova 17% (2003 est.)

Monaco NA

Mongolia 4.1% (2002 est.)

Montserrat NA

Morocco NA

Mozambique 3.4% (2000)

Namibia NA

Nauru NA

Nepal 8.7% (FY99/00)

Netherlands -2.1% (2003 est.)

Netherlands Antilles NA

New Caledonia -0.6% (1996)

New Zealand 1.3% (2003 est.)

Nicaragua 4.4% (2000 est.)

Niger NA (2001 est.)

Nigeria 2.3% (2003 est.)

Niue NA

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands NA

Norway -3.5% (2003 est.)

Oman 0.2% (2003 est.)

Pakistan 7.6% (2003 est.)

Palau NA

Panama 7% (2003 est.)

Papua New Guinea NA (FY01/02 est.)

Paraguay 0% (2000 est.)

Peru 2% (2003 est.)

Philippines -0.1% (2003 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland 8.6% (2003)

Portugal 0.4% (2003 est.)

Puerto Rico NA

Qatar 10% (2003 est.)

Reunion NA

Romania 2.3% (2003)

Russia 7% (2003 est.)

Rwanda 7% (2001 est.)

Saint Helena NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis NA

Saint Lucia -8.9% (1997 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -0.9% (1997 est.)

Samoa 2.8% (2000)

San Marino 6% (1997 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe NA

Saudi Arabia 7.7% (2003 est.)

Senegal 2.9% (2003 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro 1.7% (2002 est.)

Seychelles NA

Sierra Leone NA

Singapore 2.8% (2003 est.)

Slovakia 7.2% (2003 est.)

Slovenia 1.4% (2003)

Solomon Islands NA

Somalia NA

South Africa 5% (2003 est.)

Spain 1.6% (2003 est.)

Sri Lanka 5.8% (2003)

Sudan 8.5% (1999 est.)

Suriname 6.5% (1994 est.)

Svalbard NA

Swaziland 3.7% (FY95/96)

Sweden 1.9% (2003 est.)

Switzerland 0.4% (2003)

Syria NA

Taiwan 8.4% (2003)

Tajikistan 10.3% (2000 est.)

Tanzania 8.4% (1999 est.)

Thailand 12.3% (2003 est.)

Togo NA

Tokelau NA

Tonga 8.6% (FY98/99)

Trinidad and Tobago 5.7% (2003 est.)

Tunisia -0.1% (2003 est.)

Turkey 8.5% (2003 est.)

Turkmenistan 14% (2003 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands NA

Tuvalu NA

Uganda 5% (2003 est.)

Ukraine 15.8% (2003 est.)

United Arab Emirates 4% (2000)

United Kingdom -0.7% (2003 est.)

United States 0.3% (2003 est.)

Uruguay 0.7% (2003 est.)

Uzbekistan 6.2% (2003 est.)

Vanuatu 1% (1997 est.)

Venezuela -15.4% (2003 est.)

Vietnam 16% (2003 est.)

Virgin Islands NA

Wallis and Futuna NA

West Bank NA

Western Sahara NA

World 3% (2002 est.)

Yemen 3% (2003 est.)

Zambia 4% (2003 est.)

Zimbabwe -14.7% (2003 est.)

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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@2090 Industries

Afghanistan small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper

Albania food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower

Algeria petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing

American Samoa tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts

Andorra tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking

Angola petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles

Anguilla tourism, boat building, offshore financial services

Antigua and Barbuda tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)

Argentina food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel

Armenia diamond-processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food processing, brandy

Aruba tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining

Australia mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel

Austria construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism

Azerbaijan petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore, cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles

Bahamas, The tourism, banking, e-commerce, cement, oil refining and transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe

Bahrain petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism

Bangladesh cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar

Barbados tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export

Belarus metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, television sets, chemical fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators

Belgium engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum

Belize garment production, food processing, tourism, construction

Benin textiles, food processing, chemical production, construction materials (2001)

Bermuda tourism, international business, light manufacturing

Bhutan cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide

Bolivia mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing

Bosnia and Herzegovina steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining (2001)

Botswana diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles

Brazil textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment

British Virgin Islands tourism, light industry, construction, rum, concrete block, offshore financial center

Brunei petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction

Bulgaria electricity, gas and water; food, beverages and tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel

Burkina Faso cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold

Burma agricultural processing; knit and woven apparel; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; cement

Burundi light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing

Cambodia tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles

Cameroon petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber

Canada transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and natural gas

Cape Verde food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair

Cayman Islands tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, construction materials, furniture

Central African Republic diamond mining, logging, brewing, textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles

Chad oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Chile copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles

China iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles and apparel, petroleum, cement, chemical fertilizers, footwear, toys, food processing, automobiles, consumer electronics, telecommunications

Christmas Island tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands copra products and tourism

Colombia textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds

Comoros tourism, perfume distillation

Congo, Democratic Republic of the mining (diamonds, copper, zinc), mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement

Congo, Republic of the petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes

Cook Islands fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing, handicrafts

Costa Rica microprocessors, food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products

Cote d'Ivoire foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity

Croatia chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages; tourism

Cuba sugar, petroleum, tobacco, construction, nickel, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals

Cyprus food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism, wood products

Czech Republic metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, glass, armaments

Denmark food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding, windmills

Djibouti construction, agricultural processing

Dominica soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes

Dominican Republic tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco

East Timor printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth

Ecuador petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals

Egypt textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals

El Salvador food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals

Equatorial Guinea petroleum, fishing, sawmilling, natural gas

Eritrea food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles

Estonia engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textile; information technology, telecommunications

Ethiopia food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement

European Union among the world's largest and most technologically advanced industries, including iron and steel, aluminum, petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, aircraft, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, electrical power equipment, machine tools, electronics, telecommunications equipment, fishing, food processing, furniture, paper, textiles and clothing, tourism

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) fish and wool processing; tourism

Faroe Islands fishing, fish processing, shipbuilding, construction, handicrafts

Fiji tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries

Finland metal products, electronics, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing

France machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism

French Guiana construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining

French Polynesia tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts, phosphates

Gabon petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, and gold mining; chemicals; ship repair; food and beverage; textile; lumbering and plywood; cement

Gambia, The processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism; beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking; clothing

Gaza Strip generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center

Georgia steel, aircraft, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese and copper), chemicals, wood products, wine

Germany among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages; shipbuilding; textiles

Ghana mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing

Gibraltar tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco

Greece tourism; food and tobacco processing, textiles; chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum

Greenland fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut), handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards, mining

Grenada food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction

Guadeloupe construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism

Guam US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles

Guatemala sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism

Guernsey tourism, banking

Guinea bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries

Guinea-Bissau agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks

Guyana bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining

Haiti sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light assembly industries based on imported parts

Holy See (Vatican City) printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps, a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities

Honduras sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products

Hong Kong textiles, clothing, tourism, banking, shipping, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks

Hungary mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

Iceland fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, geothermal power; tourism

India textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software

Indonesia petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism

Iran petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabricating, armaments

Iraq petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing

Ireland food products, brewing, textiles, clothing; chemicals, pharmaceuticals, machinery, transportation equipment, glass and crystal; software

Israel high-technology projects (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, diamond cutting

Italy tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics

Jamaica tourism, bauxite/alumina, textiles, agro processing, wearing apparel, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications

Japan among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods

Jersey tourism, banking and finance, dairy

Jordan phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, potash, light manufacturing, tourism

Kazakhstan oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials

Kenya small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products processing; oil refining, cement; tourism

Kiribati fishing, handicrafts

Korea, North military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism

Korea, South electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel

Kuwait petroleum, petrochemicals, desalination, food processing, construction materials

Kyrgyzstan small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals

Laos tin and gypsum mining, timber, electric power, agricultural processing, construction, garments, tourism

Latvia buses, vans, street and railroad cars, synthetic fibers, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios, electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles; note - dependent on imports for energy and raw materials

Lebanon banking; food processing; jewelry; cement; textiles; mineral and chemical products; wood and furniture products; oil refining; metal fabricating

Lesotho food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts; construction; tourism

Liberia rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds

Libya petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement

Liechtenstein electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments

Lithuania metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber

Luxembourg banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum

Macau tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys

Macedonia coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses, steel

Madagascar meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism

Malawi tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods

Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber; Sabah - logging, petroleum production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging

Maldives fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining

Mali food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining

Malta tourism; electronics, ship building and repair, construction; food and beverages, textiles, footwear, clothing, tobacco

Man, Isle of financial services, light manufacturing, tourism

Marshall Islands copra, fish, tourism, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls

Martinique construction, rum, cement, oil refining, sugar, tourism

Mauritania fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum

Mauritius food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism

Mayotte newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction

Mexico food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism

Micronesia, Federated States of tourism, construction, fish processing, specialized aquaculture, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls

Moldova food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles

Monaco tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products

Mongolia construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, and gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products

Montserrat tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances

Morocco phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism

Mozambique food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco

Namibia meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products; mining (diamond, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)

Nauru phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products

Nepal tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarette; cement and brick production

Netherlands agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing

Netherlands Antilles tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)

New Caledonia nickel mining and smelting

New Zealand food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining

Nicaragua food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood

Niger uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses

Nigeria crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel

Niue tourism, handicrafts, food processing

Norfolk Island tourism

Northern Mariana Islands tourism, construction, garments, handicrafts

Norway petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing

Oman crude oil production and refining, natural gas production, construction, cement, copper

Pakistan textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp

Palau tourism, craft items (from shell, wood, pearls), construction, garment making

Panama construction, petroleum refining, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling

Papua New Guinea copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; crude oil production; construction, tourism

Paraguay sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic, electric power

Peru mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication

Philippines electronics assembly, textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing

Pitcairn Islands postage stamps, handicrafts

Poland machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles

Portugal textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism

Puerto Rico pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism

Qatar crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement

Reunion sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction

Romania textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining

Russia complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts

Rwanda cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes

Saint Helena construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing

Saint Kitts and Nevis sugar processing, tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages

Saint Lucia clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism, lime processing, coconut processing

Saint Pierre and Miquelon fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch

Samoa food processing, building materials, auto parts

San Marino tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Sao Tome and Principe light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber

Saudi Arabia crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, cement, construction, fertilizer, plastics

Senegal agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials

Serbia and Montenegro machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; tanks and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery); metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium); mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone); consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances); electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals

Seychelles fishing; tourism; processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages

Sierra Leone mining (diamonds); small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining

Singapore electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade

Slovakia metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products

Slovenia ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

Solomon Islands fish (tuna), mining, timber

Somalia a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, petroleum refining (mostly shut down), wireless communication

South Africa mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textile, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs

Spain textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism

Sri Lanka rubber processing, tea, coconuts, and other agricultural commodities; clothing, cement, petroleum refining, textiles, tobacco

Sudan oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly

Suriname bauxite and gold mining, alumina production, oil, lumbering, food processing, fishing

Swaziland mining (coal), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel

Sweden iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles