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Studies and Exercises in Formal Logic

Note 2 — Chapter VII

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06 Some being again interpreted in its ordinary logical sense. Mr Johnson points out that if some means some but not all, we are led to the paradoxical conclusion that ω is equivalent to U. We may regard a statement involving a reference to some but not all as a statement relating to some at least, combined with a denial of the corresponding statement in which all is substituted for some. On this interpretation, Some S is not some P affirms that “S and P are not identically one,” but also denies that “some S is not any P” and that “some P is not any S”; that is, it affirms SaP and PaS.

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