Part 3 — INDEX
Reading edition
INDEXToC
A
Acceptable consequences as to costs, principle for determination of 34, 35
Acceptability, application of test for 101, 102, 137, 144, 147, 164, 165, 167
Action, effective, against correct physical objectives 157 freedom of (See Freedom of Action) physical conditions prevailing in field of 31 supervision of the 4, 197
Action, courses of, (See Courses of Action)
Annexes to Order Form 193
Application of essential elements of favorable military operations 157-164 tests for suitability, feasibility, and acceptability 99-102, 137-139, 144, 147, 164, 165, 167 the Fundamental Military Principle 43-77
Apportionment of fighting strength, during amphibious operations 67 discussion of 66-70 dispersion and concentration involved in 67, 68 diversion, bearing of, on 68 feasibility and acceptability of 69, 70 joint operations 67 numerical considerations 67 procedure for determining proper 69 a salient feature of a military situation (operation) 38, 39, 40, 41 types, training and equipment of forces 67
Appropriate effect desired, assigned objective becomes 49 as the basis for the objective 52 definition of 21 enemy's 143 operations studied from viewpoint of 162-164 forms part of basis for solution of problem 30 principle for determination of 33 requirements for an understanding of 43 suitability as to 118-120
Areas, coveted or in dispute 65 geographical not under one's own control 65 geographical under one's own control 65 no land, belong equally to all nations 62 sea, not under command 92 sea, securing command of 92 sea, under command 92
Armament, material factor of 128
Armed forces, command of 11 factors more directly applicable to 127 function and character of 8 fundamental objective of 8 initial requisite to effective use of 11
Art of War, a true concept of, requirement of 9-10 foundation of 1
Assumptions, defined and discussed 155, 171 may form basis of Estimate 111
Authentication, order form 194
B
Basic, decision 82 estimate of the situation 82 problem 81 problems challenging integrity of, plan(s) 203 problems involving modification of, plan(s) 201 situation 82 war plans 195
Basis, of science of war 1 for solution of problem 20, 21, 29, 30, 43, 118, 134
Battle Plans 168-171, 196
Blind adherence to plan condemned 200
Body of order form 190
Brevity, required in directives 186
C
Campaign Plans, defined 195 form of 194
Campaigns of Twentieth Century reflect intensity of mental training 2
Capabilities of enemy, examination into 139-145 examination not complete under certain conditions 146 survey of 143
Cause and effect 3 correct relation between, established by principles 22 natural forces and resultant conditions 19 principles as valid statements of 19
Challenge to integrity of basic plan 203
Characteristics, commander's personal 127 influence of, on fighting strength 31, 34, 43 of (field) theater of (action) operations 31, 35, 39-41, 43, 52, 64, 65, 129-132 racial or national 126
Clarity, required in directives 186
Command, adherence to chain of, essential to mutual understanding 14 chain of 12, 53 echelons of 12 mental preparation for 114 paragraph, in order form 193 responsibility and authority inherent in 12 the ideal of 11 training for 11 unity of 71
Commander, may depart from his instructions 16 may modify or alter assigned task 15 relation of, to subordinates 15 staff of a 13 the personification of command 11
Communication(s), lines of 67, 91 plans, as an annex 193 provision for 168 study of in strategical and tactical estimates 131-182
Component(s), human and material, of fighting strength 8, 9 major, of military problems 43-47 mental power, recognized essential, of fighting strength 18, 217 parts of an operation assigned as tasks 162
Condition(s), influence of, on resources 21 of armed forces 128, 129 of material 128 in war, peacetime exercises not a conclusive guide to 198
Consequences as to costs, principle for determination of acceptable 35
Constructive representations, establishing basis for 103
Corollaries to the Decision 153
Corollary principle, of the Correct Military Objective 42 of Effective Military Operations 42
Correct military objective(s), corollary principle of the 42 selection of 47-51
Correct physical objectives, effective action against 157, 158
Course(s) of action, analysis and selection of 97, 104 analysis of, settles suitability, feasibility and acceptability 97 as tentative solutions, complete or partial 88, 93, 136 classified as to suitability, feasibility and acceptability 139 combination of enemy's 146 combination of, into complete solution 93, 138 comparison of, summarized 148 consideration of operations involved in 98 defined 88 degree of detail in which, may be visualized varies 96 determination and selection of the best 145-161 each, embodies an objective 82 examples of 89 how phrased 109 listing of 136, 139 listing of retained 139, 148 listing of retained enemy's 144 no rigid line of demarcation between, and operations pertaining thereto 92 predetermined 86, 96, 102 rejection of 138, 139, 147 resolving into operations 147 retained, analyses and comparison of 145-147 selection of the best 145-151 survey of 135-137 test for suitability, feasibility and acceptability of 82, 98-102, 187, 144, 147, 164, 166, 167 visualization of 93 when embodied in decision 88
D
Daylight and dark periods 130
Decision 161-154 basic 82 corollaries to the 153 embodies best solution of the problem 22 expresses a general plan of action 83 indicates general objective 104 purpose of the 152 relation of, to detailed plan and directives 153 relation of, to mission 105 restatement of, for use in directive 187 statement of 151 subsidiary 106, 108
Detailed Plan 44, 49
Dilemma, definition of 148 procedure in case of 149
Directive(s) basic 82 defined 183 formulation and issue of 183 fragmentary 184 military, essentials of 185 military plans and military 183 requirements of a 186 subsidiary, and plans 106 types of naval 195
Distance, involved in movements 65 relative location and 131
Distribution of Order Form 194
Diversions 68
Doctrine, derivation of meaning of 16 military 16
E
Echelon of command, definition of 12
Economic factors 125
Effect desired, appropriate, defined 21 by enemy, analysis of 141 character distinctly military, in war 35 enemy's 143 factor of the 39-41 further 20 produced by action of natural causes 19 source of 20-21 suitable to further effect, if appropriate 21, 30
End in view, a result to be produced, an effect desired 30 requirements for attainment of an 30, 31
Ending of Order Form 193
Enemy, information of 215
Enemy('s), capabilities, examination into 139-146 capabilities, survey of 143 information of the 190, 216 problem, survey of 141-143 situation, summary of 141 situation, re-estimate of 146
Entries in journals and work-sheets 214
Essential elements, of a favorable military operation 47, 157 of a favorable military situation 47 relationship existing among 3
Establishment of the basis for solution of the problem 118-136
Estimate form, a flexible guide 117 variation in requirements of 170
Estimate(s) of the Situation, basic 82 provides basis for plan 82 estimate within an 83 form, a detailed guide for use of Fundamental Military Principle 113 founded on Fundamental Military Principle, 82 oral 212 running 107, 118, 204-205 subsidiary 106 tabular form of 222
Examination into capabilities of enemy 139-145
Execution of plans, importance of 198
F
Facilities and fortifications 131
Factor(s), defined 25 directly applicable to armed forces 127 each to be weighed in connection with others 28 general, applicable to broad estimates 124 in relation to a situation 25 interdependency of 32, 39-41 pertinent, relation of, to effects to be produced 28 strength and weakness 132, 133
Favorable military situation, essential elements of a, unchanged through the years 1 salient features of a 39
Favorably progressing military operation, salient features of a 38, 39
Feasibility 39-41, 61, 99 application of test of 187, 144, 147, 164, 165, 167 consideration of, calls for survey of comparative resources 31 facility of execution as test for 100 prospects of success as test for 100 relation of, to correct end in view 31, 32
Features, salient, of favorable military situation 38-41
Feints 59
Fighting strength, apportionment of 66-70, 162-164 conclusions as to 132 derivation of 35 human and material components of 8 mental power, a recognized essential component of 18, 217 relative 4, 35, 43, 52, 121, 122, 132 survey of factors of 88
File, journal, description of 207
Force(s), armed, function and character of 8 requirements of, for task groups 166 task, organization of 165
Form, estimate, a flexible guide 117 order, detailed description of 188-195 order, discussion of 183-196 standard, for plans and directives 188 use of, in solution of problem 110-113
Formulation, of mission 82, 87, 121, 204 of tasks 84-86, 165, 192
Freedom of action, a salient feature of a military situation (operation) 38-41 adequate, measures for ensuring 160-162 assembly of measures for 167 best basis for devising measures for 76 discussion of 70-77 initiative, of paramount importance to 74 list of matters requiring consideration for ensurance of 16 logistics support essential to 74 morale founded upon sound discipline, an essential to 72 organization, of primary importance in contributing to 71 relation of offensive to 75 security measures necessary to 74
Fundamental considerations, factors become, in particular circumstances 28 the basis for the successful conduct of war 1
Fundamental military philosophy 3
Fundamental Military Principle 39-42
Fundamental principle for attainment of an end 32
Fundamentals common to all campaigns of history 1
Further effect(s), consideration of 120 indicated by higher authority 33 relation of, to effect desired 30
G
General factors applicable to broad estimates 124
General plan, a comprehensive method of attaining the assigned objective 49, 109 the Decision available as a 22, 44, 88 indicated in or developed from the Decision 155
Genius, fallacy of relying on availability of 2
Goal of planning 197
Groups, Task, organization of 165
Guide, the Estimate Form a flexible 117 the Fundamental Military Principle a valid and practical 41
H
Heading of Order Form 189
Hydrography in theater of operations 129
I
Incentive, during supervision of the action 198 recognition of the 20, 43, 44, 50, 79, 82, 119, 203 relationship of, with motivating task 79
Indoctrination, meaning and application of 16
Information, and counter-information measures 126 its collection, analysis, evaluation and interpretation 122 of enemy and of friendly forces 190, 216 paragraph of Order Form 190
Initiative, offensive is a method of seizing 75 relation of, to freedom of action 74
Instructions, action may be necessary before receipt of 203 commander may depart from 16 letter of, in lieu of directive cast in standard form 188 the letter and spirit of, variation from 103
Intelligence, accurate, related to freedom of action 76 and counter-intelligence, measures for 160-161 derived from information 122 plan 177 subsidiary problem involving 176
Intelligent suspicion, everything to be viewed with 200
Inventiveness and versatility, special attention to desirable 126
J
Journal file, description of 207
Journal for entry of data in running estimate, description of 205-207 entries in, purely factual 214
Judgment, professional, essential to good leadership 3 exercise of, in planning 117-179 exercise of, in the execution of the plan 183-217 has its source in mental power 217 relation of to successful conduct of war 40-114
L
Letters of instruction, use of 85, 188
Life, the ability to withstand punishment 188
Listing, of courses of action 186, 189 of operations in definite sequence 158 of retained courses of action 139, 148
Logical thought, necessity for 22 principles in their relation to 22 separates the rational from the irrational 22
Logistics, factor of direct concern to armed forces 129 paragraph of Order Form 198 plan 179 support, commander hampered without 74 support, measures for 162
Loyalty, a military necessity 15 more than a moral virtue 14 mutual, born of mutual confidence 9
M
Material, a factor applicable to armed forces 128
Means, available, and opposed 31-36, 38-41, 43, 52 survey of 123 to be made available, principle for determination of 34
Measures, for adequate freedom of action 160-162, 167 for exercise of command 160, 168 for information and counter-information 126 for intelligence and counter-intelligence 160 for logistics support 162, 167 for security, cooperation and intelligence 167 for training 160
Mental elements of fighting strength enumerated 9
Mental power, essential component of fighting strength 18, 217 vital, as basis for professional counsel to State 10
Mental process(es) (See Natural mental process(es))
Military plans and directives (See Directive(s))
Military effort, no easy road to goal of 4
Military operation(s), application of essential elements of a favorable 157 as tentative solutions of problems, denominated as course(s) of action 82 attainment of military objective depends on effective 40, 47 determination of effective 55 possible confusion because of phraseology as to 109 principle of effective 42
Military principles, procedure for developing 29
Military problem(s), (See also Problem(s)) conclusion as to approach to solution of 113 approach to solution of, involves four distinct steps 80 basic 81, 82 effect to be produced and action required to produce it, major considerations in solving 44 use of a form in solution of 110-118 four steps in solution of 79-114 involvements of full solution of 82 major components of 43, 44 solution of 44, 79-114 first step, in 81-106 second step, in 106, 117-164 third step, in 107, 155-179 fourth step, in 107, 183-216 sequence of the four steps in 107-109, 113 sound basis for, establishment of 20, 43
Military situation, every, has both strategical State in military matters 10
Military situation, every, has both strategical and tactical aspects 83
Mission, an assigned task coupled with purpose 87 clearly indicates the appropriate effect desired 121 double or multiple tasks in 88 formulation of, 82, 87, 121 204 manner of expressing 87 restated 135 subsidiary 170, 172, 174-176
Mobility, as a material factor 128
Modification of basic plan, problems involving 201
Morale, discussion of 72, 73
Motivating task 80
Mutual understanding essential to unity of effort 14 final aim of 15
N
National and racial characteristics, factors of 126
Natural law, human activities governed by 29 relation of cause, effect and further effect to 19, 32 relation of, to human activity 11
Natural mental process(es), adapted to military requirements 80 application of, to problems of war 11 employed by normal mature human beings 19 studied employment of, ii, 217
Naval directives, types of 195
O
Objective(s), appreciation of (assigned) 44, 82, 119, 203 assigned 48-50, 119-121, 135 attainment of, by chain of command 12 best attained by properly directed effort 45, 79 chain of 48, 62, 54 correct military, principle of 42 selection of 43, 46, 47, 51, 117-184 correct military, relation of, to favorable military situation 37 correct physical, determination of (See also physical objective(s)) 157, 158 determination of, embodied in tasks 167 general 49, 60 immediate 3, 64 inferred in assigned tasks 49, 84, 88, 104 in mind 37, 47 in space, physical 37, 47 intermediate 54 in war is an effect to be produced 36 national 7 physical (See also physical objective(s)) purpose of attainment usually given to subordinates, 48 selection of correct military 43, 45, 47, 51, 117-134 specified in tasks 84, 104, 49, 88 tentatively selected 51 typically selected by commander himself 50 ultimate 3, 54
Offensive, relation of, to freedom of action 75
Operation plans 195
Operation(s), planning detailed 3 developed from measures for freedom of action 160 effective military, principle of 42 enemy's, envisaged by commander 144 favorable military situation dependent upon effective 1, 41 in relation to required action 106-107 listing of 158 military 37, 109 naval, classification of 92 order (plan), outline form of 219 reconsideration of 159 resolution of required action into 155-179 resolving courses of action into 147 theater of, characteristics of 129
Oral estimate 212
Order form, annexes to 193 authentication of 194 body of 190 detailed description of 188-194 distribution of 194 purpose of 112, 188
Organization of task forces and tasks groups 165
Organization, staff, and functioning 210-212
Outline form of Operation Plan 219
P
Perplexity, source of every problem 20, 79
Personnel factor applicable to armed forces 127
Philosophy, fundamental military 3
Physical conditions in field of action 34
Physical objective(s), defined 37, 47, 167 determination of correct 65 discussion of 55-59 effective action against 157, 158 eventual, a land objective 58 fundamental considerations in determination of 55 relation of, to (mental) objective 38 a salient feature of a military situation (operation) 47 series of, to be dealt with in successive stages 56 suitability, feasibility and acceptability of 56-59
Pithy statements, danger of 24
Planned action, inauguration of 183-196 supervision of 197-217
Planning, goal of 197
Plan(s), alternative 156 as proposed methods of procedure 21 basic 82, 108, 195 basic, problems challenging integrity of 203 basic, problems involving modification of 201 battle, described 168-171 best, incorporated in Decision 22 blind adherence to, condemned 200 campaign 194, 195 comparison of 21 detailed 22, 49, 105 general 2, 22, 88, 105, 155, 183 intelligence 177 logistics 179 military directives and military 183 of execution 108 operation, outline form of 219 outlined, plan embodied in basic decision 108 subsidiary 106, 168, 186, 201
Policy, coordination of national 9 implementation of national 7 relation of, to military strategy 9
Political factors 124
Position(s) (See relative position(s))
Positiveness, required in directives 187
Power, mental, moral and physical 8, 217
Predetermined course(s) of action 86, 96, 102
Principle(s), a natural law 22 cannot replace logical thought 28 corollary for determination of the appropriate effect to be desired 33 corollary or subordinate 22, 23, 28 establish (es) relations between cause and effect 22 false, why man adopts them; their danger 24 for determination of acceptable consequences as to cost 35 for determination of the proper means to be made available 34 for determination of the proper physical conditions to be established in the field of action 34 for determining salient features of favorable military situation 39 formulation and use of 23, 27 fundamental, if basic in its field 22 fundamental, for the attainment of an end 32 in relation to logical thought 22 military, procedure for development of 29 of effective military operations 42 of the correct military objective 42 review of conclusions as to 29 the Fundamental Military 39-41
Principles of War (so-called) value and limitations of 25
Problem(s), appearance of perplexity in situation results in 20 basic, the solution of 117 basis for solution of 20-21 challenging integrity of basic plan 203 courses, of action as tentative solutions of 136 enemy's, survey of 141 establishment of basis for solution of 118 involving modification of basic plan 201 recognition of new 199 solution of 20, 44 subsidiary 106 arising because of no sound solution for basic 149 how solved 106, 169 involving intelligence 176 involving preparation of battle plans 171 relating to logistics 178 relating to training 175 tactical 108
Psychological factors 125
Purpose, of Decision 152-153 of Mission 87, 121 re-examined 135
R
Racial characteristics as psychological factor 126
Raid may be a valuable operation 73
Readjustments required during supervision of planned action 199
Recognition of the incentive 119, 203
Reestimate of the situation 146
Rejection of courses of action 138, 139, 147
Relations, external 124
Relative fighting strength 4, 35, 43, 52, 121, 122 conclusions as to 132 feasibility and acceptability as to 121-133
Relative location and distance 131
Relative position(s), advantageous 159 characteristics of theatre, important from standpoint of 64 discussion of 59-66 fundamental considerations as to 59 procedure for determination and selection of advantageous 61, 159 salient feature of a military situation (operation) 38-41 suitability, feasibility and acceptability of 61-66
Resources, as part of basis for solution of problem 21, 30 feasibility requires survey of 31
Restatement of the decision for use in the directive 187
Rule(s) of action, circumstances alter cases, a reliable 24 faulty, unfortunate consequences of 23, 24 pithy statements as 24 search for reliable, by human mind 23
Running estimate 107, 113, 204
S
Salient features, considered in selecting objective 51 of a situation 39 of military operations 38-41, 111
Science of war, basis for 1
Scientific analysis 1
Scientific approach to solution of military problems 2
Scientific investigation 1
Sea(s), areas, operations for securing command of 92 high, and air above, presumably common property 62 movement by land, and air 60 provides theatre of operations with distinctive characteristics 80 routes, an important subject of study 62, 131 surface of, provides roads 62
Security measures 74
Selection of the best course of action 145-151
Sequence of operations, visualized 158
Sequence of tasks, chronological or in order of importance 166
Signature in Order Form 193
Situation, a combination of circumstances 20, 25 actual or assumed 79 basic 82 enemy, summary of 141 produced by effects of certain causes 25 summary of 82, 119, 203 to be maintained or created 21, 30
Solution(s) of problem(s), establishment of basis for 118-135 process of 135-151 tentative 88, 93, 97, 136
Sound decision, approach presented for reaching 3
Staff, assistance, utilization of 93 of commander 13 organization and functioning 210-212
Stages, successive, for accomplishment of effort 164
Standard form for plans and directives 188
Strategy, and tactics inseparable 10, 11 differentiated from tactics by end in view 83 distinguished by objectives 3, 10 in relation to policy 9 in relation to tactics 10
Strength and weakness factors 132
Strength, relative fighting (see also fighting strength) 4, 33, 43, 52, 121, 122, 132
Subordinates, proper relationship of, to commander 15
Subsidiary mission 170, 172, 174, 175, 176
Subsidiary plans, as annexes 185 preparation of 168-179
Subsidiary problem(s) (See also Problem(s)) arising because of no sound solution for basic problem 149 how solved 106,169 involving intelligence 176 involving preparation of battle plan 171 relative to logistics 178 relative to training 175
Suitability, application of test for 98-102, 137, 144, 147, 164 requirement of 31, 32, 39-41, 43, 51, 56
Summarized comparison of courses of action 148
Supervision of planned action 197-216
Suspicion, intelligent, everything to be viewed with 200
T
Tactics, and strategy inseparable 10 differentiated from strategy by end in view 83
Task(s) as a predetermined course of action 86 assignment of, to subordinates 84, 192, 193 expressed in terms of accomplishment 84 forces and task groups 165, 166, 190 formulation of 165 logistics 166 manner of expressing 84-86 modification of, may be required by changing situation 15 motivating 80, 153 of the mission 87, 121, 136 organization 14, 165, 166, 190 properly conceived, indicate an objective 84 re-examination of 135 underlying 103
Technique, nature of, in solution of problems 205
Tentative solution(s) of problem(s) 88, 93, 97, 136
Tests for suitability, feasibility and acceptability 137-139, 144, 147, 164, 168
Theater of operations, survey of characteristics of 129-132
Training, measures for 160 peacetime 2 subsidiary problem relating to 175 tactical 72
Transportation and supply, lines of 131
Types of naval directives 195
U
Undesirable departures from plan involve penalty 201
Unforeseen opportunity to strike enemy may be presented 200
Unity of effort, adherence to chain of command, essential to 12 between management and labor 126 most important single factor 12, 13 mutual understanding requisite to 14
V
Versatility, as a psychological factor 126
Vessels, including aircraft, as a factor applicable to armed forces 127
W
War, a human activity and subject to natural law 11 as understood herein 8 conditions in, peacetime exercises not conclusive guide to 198 effective conduct of, requirements and demands of 17 specialized nature of, as a human activity 35
Warfare, naval, discussion of 91, 92
Weather 130
Will of the commander, importance of 201
Work Sheet, description of 207-210 entries in 214 facilitates oral estimates 212 facilitates special reports 212 facilitates written estimates 213 summary of 216
Typographical errors corrected in text:
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