Volume 37 — DESIGNS PATENTED.

10,030 to 10,032.—Embroidery.—E. Crisand, New Haven, Conn. 10,033.—Lock-Case.—R. Flocke, Newark, N. J. 10,034.—Bottles.—J. H. Harrison, Davenport, Iowa. 10,035 to 10,037.—Carpet.—H. S. Kerr, Philadelphia, Pa. 10,038, 10,039.—Carpets.—T. J. Stearns, Boston, Mass. 10,040.—Moulding.—R. M. Merrill et al., Laconia, N. H. 10,041 to 10,044.—Oil Cloth.—C. T. Meyer et al., Bergen, N. J. 10,045.—Studs, etc.—J. W. Miller et al., Newark, N. J. 10,046.—Book Cases.—J. W. Schuckers, New York city.

[A copy of any one of the above patents may be had by remitting one dollar to Munn & Co., 37 Park Row, New York city.]

Inside Page, each insertion - - - - 75 cents a line. Back Page, each insertion - - - - $1.00 a line.

Engravings may head advertisements at the same rate per line, by measurement, as the letter press. Advertisements must be received at publication office as early as Friday morning to appear in next issue.

THE SCIENTIFIC Grain & Middlings Mill. 12, 20, and 30 inch Mill Stones. Sent on trial to responsible parties, and warranted the full equal of any heavy mill built in the world. Send for our price list, as this may not appear again. A. W. STRAUB & CO., 1361 Ridge Avenue, Phila, Pa. NO MORE SLIPPING BELTS. MY NEW Patent Pulley Cover will do double the work before the belt will slip. Put on without disturbing shafting. Agent wanted in every city. Circulars free. JOHN W. SUTTON, 95 Liberty St., New York. THE NEW GERMAN PATENT LAW. Being the Full Text of the New Law for Patents, passed July 1st, 1877, covering all the States of the German Empire. Contained in Scientific American Supplement No. 80. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and of all newsdealers. Price list mailed on application to Jones & Laughlins, Try Street, 2d and 3rd Avenues, Pittsburgh, Pa. 190 S. Canal Street, Chicago, Ill., and Milwaukie, Wis. Stocks of this shafting in store and for sale by FULLER, DANA, & FITZ, Boston, Mass. GEO. PLACE & CO. 121 Chambers St., N. Y. EUREKA SAFETY POWER! Practically impossible to explode. Tested to 300 lbs. pressure per square inch. 2-Horse Power, $150, 3 to 4 H.P., $250. Also, Stationary Engines and boilers, and Spark Arresting Portable Engines for plantation use. Send for our circular. Discount to the trade. B. W. PAYNE & SONS, Corning, N. Y. SIZING OF COTTON GOODS. READ before the Society of Arts by W. Thompson, F.R.S. A most Full and Clear Description of the process, embracing: An account of the process of Weaving, explaining the object and utility of Size. A table of Sizing Mixtures, in which are enumerated the Substances used: 1, for giving Adhesive properties to Size; 2, to give Weight and Body to the Yarn; 3, for Softening the Size or Yarn; and 4, for Preserving the Size from Mildew and Decomposition. Tests for these Substances, and Directions for Preparing, so as to obtain the results required. Proportions of Sizing. Use of Flour in Size. Weighting Materials, China Clay and its substitutes. "Softenings," and Oils for Softening. East Winds and their effect. Glycerine, Grape Sugar, Mildew Preventives, and Tape Sizing. "Slashing," Packing, Damaged Goods, etc. Contained in Scientific American Supplement No. 80. Price 10 cents. For sale at this office and of all newsdealers. CELEBRATED FOOT LATHES. Foot Power Back-geared Screw Lathes, Small Hand and Power Planers for Metal, Small Gear Cutters, Slide-rests, Ball Machine for Lathes, Foot Scroll Saws, light and heavy Foot Circular Saws. Just the articles for Amateurs or Artisans. Highly recommended. Send for illustrated Catalogues. N. H. BALDWIN, Laconia, N. H. $66 a Week in your own town. Terms and $5 outfit free. H. HALLETT & CO., Portland Maine. SAVE OIL. USE TOMLINSON'S Car Axle Box. Cars run for 3 cents for a thousand miles. See Car Builder for June, 1877. Address J. B. TOMLINSON, 80 White St., N. Y. Dayton Cam Pump The Only Pump in the Market Designed and Constructed Especially for Boiler Feeding. Are Pumping water at 268° F. No Dead Centers. The Steam Valve is a plain Slide Valve, identical to the slide valve of a Steam Engine, but derives its motion from a cam. Speed can be regulated to suit evaporation. Pumping Returns from Steam Heating Apparatus a specialty. Send for Circular. Smith, Vaile & Co., DAYTON, OHIO. What 25 cents Will Buy! THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN REFERENCE BOOK. price twenty-five cents. This is a most useful Little bound book of 150 pages, comprising, probably, the most extensive variety of standard, practical, condensed information ever furnished to the public for so small a price. Contents: 1. The Last Census of the United States (1870), by States, Territories and Counties. in full, showing also the area in square miles of each State and Territory. 2. Table of Occupations.—Showing the occupations of the people of the United States, and the number of persons engaged in each occupation. Compiled from the last census. 3. Table of Cities, having over 10,000 inhabitants. Compiled from the last census. 4. Map of the United States. Miniature outline. 5. The United States Patent Laws (full text).—Principal Official Rules for Procedure; Directions How to Obtain Patents, Costs, etc.; Forms for Patents and Caveats: How to Introduce and Sell Inventions; Forms for Assignments; Licenses; State, Town, County, and Shop Rights; General Principles applicable to Infringements; Synopsis of the Patent Laws of Foreign Countries; Rights of Employers and Employes in respect to Inventions. 6. The Ornamental Design Patent Law (full text).—Costs and Procedure for securing Design Patents for Ornamental Productions such as Designs for Textile Fabrics, Patterns for Wood and Metal Work, New Shapes and Configurations of any article of Manufacture, Prints, Pictures, and Ornaments, to be printed, woven, stamped, cast, or otherwise applied upon machinery, tools, goods, fabrics, manufactures. 7. The United States Trade-Mark Law (full text).—With Directions, Proceedings and Expenses for the Registration of Trade-Marks of every description. 8. The Label Copyright Law (full text).—With Directions, Proceedings and Cost of Registering Labels for Goods. Medicines, and Merchandise of all kinds. 9. The General Copyright Law of the United States (full text).—With Directions and Costs for Securing Copyrights by Authors for Books, Pamphlets, Charts, Photographs, Pictures, and Works of Art. 10. The Principal Mechanical Movements.—Described and illustrated by 150 small diagrams, of great value to Inventors and Designers of Mechanism. 11. The Steam Engine.—With engraving, showing all the parts, names, etc., and a brief history of the Invention and Progress of Steam Power. 12. Geometry, as Applied to Practical Purposes. With illustrations. 13. Horse Power.—Simple Rules for Calculating the Horse-Power of Steam Engines and Streams of Water. 14. Knots.—Presenting engravings of 48 different kinds of Rope Knots, with explanations as to tying. 15. Tables of Weights and Measures.—Troy, Apothecaries', Avoirdupois, French, Weights; U. S. Standard; Dry Measure; Land Measure; Cubic Measure; Liquid Measure; French Square Measure; French Cubic, or Solid Measure; Measuring Land by Weight; Engraving of a section of English and French rule, of equal length. 16. Valuable Tables: (1) Velocity and Force of the Wind. (2) Specific Gravity and Weight, per Cubic foot and Cubic inch, of the principal substances used in the Arts (3) Heat-conducting Power of various Metals and other Solids and Liquids. (4) Table of the Mineral Constituents absorbed or removed from the Soil, per acre, by different crops. (5) Table of Steam Pressures and Temperatures. (6) Table of the Effects of Heat upon various bodies, melting-points, etc. 17. Medallion Portraits of Distinguished American Inventors, with biography in brief and engravings of their inventions, viz.: Franklin, Fulton, Whitney, Wood, McCormick, Blanchard, Winans, Morse, Goodyear, Howe, Lyle, Eads. 18. Engravings of Capitol, Washington, with brief history, dimensions, cost, etc.; United States Patent Office, interior and exterior views, dimensions, and description; Scientific American Buildings, N. Y. and Washington. 19. Miscellaneous Information.—Force of Expansion by Heat; Small Steam-boats, proper dimensions of Engines, Boilers, Propellers. Boats; Incubation, Temperature of; To Make Tracing Paper; Constituents of various substances; Friction, how produced, and Rules for Calculation; Specific Heat Explained; Specific Gravity of Liquids, Solids, Air, and Gases; Gunpowder—Pressure, Heat, and Horse-Power of; Copying Ink, to Make; Heat, its mechanical equivalent explained; Molecules of Matter, size and motion explained; Lightning and Lightning Rods—valuable information; Value of Drainage Explained; Amount of Power at present yielded from Coal by best Engines; Sound—its velocity and action; Liquid Glues, Recipes; Value of Brains; Properties of Charcoal; Height of Waves; Speed of Electric Spark, etc.; Plain Directions, with Engravings, showing how any person can make Electro-Magnets and Electric Batteries at a cost of a few cents; Valuable Recipes. The Scientific American Reference Book, price only 25 cents, may be had of News Agents in all parts of the country, and of the undersigned. Sent by mail on receipt of the price. Address MUNN & CO., 37 Park Row, New York. THE SECOND GREAT SALE OF PATENTS AT AUCTION Will take place at the Auction Rooms of GEO. W. KEELER, 53 Liberty St., N. Y., on July 16, at 12 o'clock. Models now on exhibition. Send for Catalogue. WOOD & LIGHT Machine Co. WORCESTER, Mass. Manufacture of all kinds of Iron-Working Manchinery, including many novelties. Shafting, Pulleys, &c. Send for Circulars.

$95 A month and expenses. CANDY SALESMAN WANTED to sell to DEALERS. SAMPLES FREE. & NOVELTIES LETTERS must have enclosed return postage.

H. SMITH & CO., CONFECTIONERS, Cincinnati, O.

Engine Lathes, Planers, Drills, &c. Send for Catalogue. DAVID W. POND, Successor to LUCIUS W. POND. Worcester, Mass. STEAM PUMPS. FIRST PRIZES, CENTENNIAL, PHILA., VIENNA, PARIS, NEW YORK, BALTIMORE, BOSTON. Send for circular of recent patented improvements, THE NORWALK IRON WORKS CO., Prices Reduced. South Norwalk, Conn. N. F. BURNHAM'S 1874 WATER WHEEL Is declared the "standard turbine," by over 600 persons who bought and use them with part and full gate open. Pamphlets Free. N. F. BURNHAM, York, Pa. OTIS' SAFETY HOISTING Machinery OTIS BROS. & CO., No. 348 Broadway, New York. $55 $77 a week to Agents. $10 Outfit Free. P. O. VICKERY, Augusta Maine. WE ENAMEL in FINE JET BLACK every variety of turned woodwork parts of machinery, castings; tinware and other metal work ENAMELED JET GOODS, in wood or metal, made to order AMERICAN ENAMEL Co. 17 Warren St PROVIDENCE, R. I. 50 MIXED CARDS, with name, 10c. and stamp. Agent's Outfit, 10c. COE & CO., Bristol, Ct.

L. SMITH HOBART, President. J. C. MOSS, Superintendent. NEW YORK

TYPE-METAL RELIEF PLATES.

A SUPERIOR SUBSTITUTE FOR WOOD-CUTS

AT MUCH LOWER PRICES.

These plates are engraved almost entirely by photo-chemical means, thus avoiding the old, slow and tedious method of engraving on wooden blocks, where the workman is compelled to engrave each line separately by cutting away the wood around it, often spending many days upon a plate a few inches square.

In appearance our relief plates are the same as regular stereotypes, being mounted type high on blocks ready to be set up and printed from, with type, on any ordinary press.

They can be used directly and will wear as long as any type-metal plates, but if a great number of impressions are wanted, duplicate

ELECTROTYPES AND STEREOTYPES

can be made from them the same as from wood-cuts.

They have a printing surface as smooth as glass, and the lines are engraved deeper than they are in hand-cut plates. Notwithstanding the low prices at which they can be furnished, they are very much superior to wood-cuts, and in some classes of work are rapidly taking the place of lithography.

REFERENCES.

Among those who manifest their satisfaction with our work, by continued orders, we may mention:—D. Appleton & Co., Scribner & Co., Frank Leslie, A. D. F. Randolph & Co., G. W. Carleton & Co., The American Tract Society, Robert Carter & Bros., Munn & Co., Pub. "Iron Age," Pub. "Illustrated Weekly," Pub. "McGee's Illustrated Weekly," and also a large part of the principal publishers and manufacturers throughout the country.

COPY.

Almost all kinds of Prints or Engravings from Wood, Stone, Copper and Steel may be reproduced directly. The requisites are, clean, distinct black lines or stipple work, on white or only slightly tinted paper. All Photographs and Pencil Sketches must first be drawn in ink. We keep a corps of artists constantly employed, trained to do this work in the best manner. We can make drawings from photographs or tin-types taken in the usual way. They may be of any size, but should, of course, show the object distinctly.

Drawings for our use, unless intended to be redrawn, should be on a smooth, white surface, in perfectly black lines, and usually twice the dimensions each way of the desired plate.

Copy for fac-similes of handwriting should be in perfectly black ink, on smooth white paper, written with a full pen, and without use of blotting paper.

TIME.

While we can engrave a plate in a few hours that would occupy a wood-engraver a month, and often do so, yet with the large amount of work constantly on hand and promised, we cannot usually engage to fill an order for a single plate in less than from three to six days; larger orders will, of course, require longer time.

CHANGE OF SIZE.

In reproducing wood-cut prints, the size can often be considerably reduced; but if the reduction is great, the lines become so fine and close together that they will not print well. Coarse wood-cuts, such as are generally used in Newspapers, may often be reduced to half their linear dimensions, but fine wood-cuts will admit of but little reduction.

Most steel plate prints and lithographs will not admit of any reduction, and even when reproduced, the same size in relief, require considerable care in printing.

All kinds of prints generally look bad when much enlarged, as the lines become very coarse and ragged on the edges; though we have sometimes made very effective cuts for posters and hand-bills in this way.

In all cases of enlargement and reduction the relative proportions remain the same.

It must not be forgotten, however, that by redrawing, prints of any kind can be enlarged or reduced to any desired size.

PROOFS.

We will, whenever desired, furnish tin-type proofs of drawings made by us, for examination and approval, or correction, before engraving.

A printed proof is sent with each plate when delivered, which may always be equaled or surpassed in actual work with proper usage.

PRICES.

It is impossible to give a scale of prices by the square inch for miscellaneous job-work, as sometimes a small cut two or three inches square may require as much work as another one a foot square. We can, however, give an average inch rate to newspaper publishers whose work runs uniformly about the same from week to week, especially when they furnish us with copy already prepared—such as prints and pen-and-ink drawings.

In sending for estimates, be careful to send us the copy we are to work from, with full specifications as to size and quality, and remember that it is the same with engraving that it is with everything else; the price will vary greatly with the quality of work ordered.

Never, directly or indirectly, ask us to give you better prices than we give our other customers, as we try to treat all alike.

The great advantage of our method of engraving enables us to give better work at lower prices than can be given by any other method for the greater part of such work as would be given to wood-engravers, though in very small pieces of the poorer grades of work the advantage is not so great, and in very coarse work such as is usually engraved on mahogany and pine, our process gives us no advantage over the wood-engraver.

To estimate properly upon any piece of work, we must understand just what is wanted. We guarantee all our work to be executed in the style agreed upon.

TERMS.

OUR TERMS are CASH ON DELIVERY, except by special agreement.

Orders from parties not known to us must be accompanied by an advance of at least half the price, or satisfactory City reference.

Goods sent by Express will be C. O. D. Where plates are small they may be sent by Mail upon receipt of price and postage. Remittances must be by draft on New-York or P. O. money order, payable to the order of Photo-Engraving Co., or by registered letter—not by Checks on Local Banks.

We pledge ourselves to meet the reasonable demands of those who employ us. If, in any case, we cannot do so, we will refund the money advanced.

Send Stamp for Illustrated Circular.

THE UNION IRON MILLS, Pittsburgh, Pa., Manufacturers of improved wrought iron Beams and Girders (patented). The great fall which has taken place in the prices of Iron, and especially in Beams used in the construction of FIRE PROOF BUILDINGS, induces us to call the special attention of Engineers, Architects, and Builders to the undoubted advantages of now erecting Fire Proof structures; and by reference to pages 52 & 54 of our Book of Sections—which will be sent on application to those contemplating the erection of fire proof buildings—THE COST CAN BE ACCURATELY CALCULATED, the cost of Insurance avoided, and the serious losses and interruption to business caused by fire; these and like considerations fully justify any additional first cost. It is believed, that were owners fully aware of the small difference which now exists between the use of Wood and Iron, that in many cases the latter would be adopted. We shall be pleased to furnish estimates for all the Beams complete, for any specific structure, so that the difference in cost may at once be ascertained. Address CARNEGIE, BROS. & CO., Pittsburgh, Pa. $5 to $20 per day at home. Samples worth $5 free. STINSON & CO., Portland, Me.

LIGHT GRAY IRON CASTINGS to order promptly. Plain, Bronzed, or Galvanized.

We make a specialty of light work. LIVINGSTON & CO., Iron Founders, Pittsburgh, Pa.

The George Place Machinery Agency Machinery of Every Description. 121 Chambers and 103 Reade Streets, New York. SPARE THE CROTON AND SAVE THE COST. Driven or Tube Wells furnished to large consumers of Croton and Ridgewood Water. WM. D. ANDREWS & BRO., 414 Water St., N. Y. who control the patent for Green's American Driven Well. PATENT RIGHTS for Useful Inventions Wanted. Address Box 1012, P.O., N. Y., with description and terms. TO ELECTRO-PLATERS. JEWELERS, AND WATCHMAKERS. BATTERIES, CHEMICALS, AND MATERIALS, in sets or single, with Books of instruction for Nickel, Gold, and Silver Plating. THOMAS HALL, Manufacturing Electrician, 19 Bromfield Street, Boston, Mass. Illustrated Catalogue sent free. Lathes, Planers, Shapers, Drills, Gear & Bolt Cutters, &c. E. GOULD, Newark, N. J. SELF-ACTING SASH-LOCK for Meeting Rails Burglar Proof. Can not be forced or tampered with in any way. Beautiful design; practical; simple. United States, State, or County Rights for sale. Address D. C. GOODRICH, Harrisburg, Pa. THE TRADE ENGINE Noiseless in operation—Perfect in workmanship—all light parts of Cast Steel. Every Engine indicated, and valve corrected to give the highest attainable results. Warranted superior to any semi-portable Engine in the market! Send for Price List and Circular. HERRMANN & HERCHEL— RODE M'F'G Co., Dayton, Ohio, WESSELL METAL, A PERFECT IMITATION of gold in color, surface, etc., for manufacturers of imitation jewelry, and other workers in fine yellow metal. Wessell Manuf'g Co., No. 204 East 23d St., N. Y. Y OU ask WHY we can sell First-Class 7 1-3 Octave Rosewood Pianos for $290. Our answer is, that it costs less than $300 to make any $600 Piano sold through Agents, all of whom make 100 per ct. profit. We have no Agents, but sell Direct to Families at Factory price, and warrant five years. We send our Pianos everywhere for trial and require no payment unless they are found satisfactory. Send for our Illustrated Circular, which gives full particulars, and contains the names of over 1500 Bankers, Merchants and Families that are using our Pianos in every State of the Union. Please state where you saw this notice. Address, U. S. PIANO CO., 810 Broadway, N. Y. $12 a day at home. Agents wanted. Outfit and terms free. TRUE & CO., Augusta, Maine. Wood-Working Machinery, Such as Woodworth Planing, Tongueing, and Grooving Machines, Daniel's Planers, Richardson's Patent Improved Tenon Machines, Mortising, Moulding, and Re-Saw Machines, and Wood-Working Machinery generally. Manufactured by WITHERBY, RUGG & RICHARDSON, 26 Salisbury Street, Worcester, Mass, (Shop formerly occupied by R. BALL & CO.) N. Y. STENCIL WORKS, 87 Nassau St., N. Y. WANTED — FOR MONCLOVA, STATE of Coahuila, Mexico, a man who knows how to make Star Candles, without the use of Sulphuric Acid, capable to put up and put in running order the necessary apparatus, superintend the manufacturing process, and teach same to the parties interested. Apply and state terms to GOLDFRANK, FRANK & CO., San Antonio, Texas.

Want SALESMEN on a regular salary of a month and expenses to sell our

to DEALERS. Samples FREE. Send 3c. stamp to insure answer. S. FOSTER & CO. Cincinnati, O.

EXTRAORDINARY, WONDERFUL, AND VALUABLE MEDICAL WORK. With engravings; price, $1. Contains, also, fifty original prescriptions for prevailing diseases, each worth ten times the price of the book. Gold Medal has been awarded the author. Descriptive circulars sent free. Address Dr. W. H. PARKER, No. 4 Bulfinch Street, Boston. $100.00 R EWARD. This MOUSTACHE or HEAVY BEARD produced on a smooth face by the use of DYKES BEARD ELIXIR, without injury, or will forfeit $100.00. Price by mail in sealed package 25 cents, 3 packages only 50 cents. A. L. SMITH & Co., Palatine, Ill., Sole Agents. We caution the public against imitations. THE DRIVEN WELL. Town and County privileges for making Driven Wells and selling Licenses under the established American Driven Well Patent, leased by the year to responsible parties, by WM. D. ANDREWS & BRO., NEW YORK. I MPORTANT FOR ALL CORPORATIONS AND MANF'G CONCERNS.—Buerk's Watchman's Time Detector, capable of accurately controlling the motion of a watchman or patrolman at the different stations of his beat. Send for circular. J. E. Buerk, P.O. BOX 979, Boston, Mass N. B.—The suit against Imhaeuser & Co., of New York, was decided in my favor, June 10, 1874. Proceedings have been commenced against Imhaeuser & Co. for selling, contrary to the order of the Court. Persons using clocks infringing on my patent, will be dealt with according to law. 25 per cent. Discount on Price List of Superior Wood-Working Machinery allowed for the present. Also for Smith's Chilled-Beam Vises; effective, heavy, strong, durable, and economical. For full particulars, address H. B. SMITH, Smithville, Burlington Co., N. J., U. S. A. HINTS TO YOUNG MACHINE-TENDERS. By an old Papermaker. Practical Instructions for the tending and care of Papermaking Machinery. Showing how to clean a Dandy; how to make good edges; to keep paper from crushing and worming; to stop crimping; together with many other valuable directions, hints, and suggestions, contained in Scientific American Supplement No. 79. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and of all newsdealers. JOHN HOLLAND'S GOLD PENS Received the Centennial Medal from the Judges on Awards, for "superior elasticity and general excellence." If not sold by your Stationer, send for Illustrated Price-List to the Manufactory, 19 W. 4th St., Cincinnati. SECOND-HAND MACHINERY. For Sale. The Machinery in the works of the UTICA STEAM ENGINE CO., comprising Large Face Plate Lathe, Engine Lathes, large and small, 20 ft. × 4 ft. Planer, Slotter, Shaper, Lauback Universal Drills, Bolt Cutter, Fans, Upright Drills, Cranes, Dudgeon Steam Hammer, Steam Fire Pump, Hose, Platform Scales, Pulleys, one 40 H. P. Locomotive Boiler, two 50 H. P., and one 25 H. P. Tubular Boilers, one 36 in. by 16 ft. Cylinder Boiler, etc., etc. For Catalogue and Price List, address JAMES F. MANN, UTICA, N. Y. Can be used with any ordinary Kerosene Lamp. Every family wants one. Price 35 Cts.; by mail 45 Cts. One agent made $21 in 3 days. Send for terms. Abott M'f'g Co., 101 Beekman Street, New York. Iron Castings to order, smooth and exact to pattern, of Soft Tough Iron, at T. Shriver & Co.'s Foundry, 333 East 56th St., N. Y. Prices very low. Favorable terms made on Castings in regular supply. Cotton Mills and Machine Shops Can make great savings by using the Allen Governor. Its operation is unequalled and wonderful. Nearly all machinists once using these Governors become agents for their sale. They are simple in construction, not liable to get out of order, permit the speed of the engine to be changed at will, are neat in appearance, noiseless, very durable, save the engineer's time, save fuel, and are at once the most powerful and most sensitive Governors ever made. Russell (Cotton) Mills, Plymouth, Mass., March 20, 1876. S. B. ALLEN: Your Governor has been attached to our Corliss engine over one year, and has given perfect satisfaction. The engine was never governed until yours was attached, although we have tried three of the best kind of Governors known. When steam or work varied, the speed would vary, and we could only run our looms an average of 103 picks per minute. Since using your Governor, and solely on account of the perfect steadiness with which it holds the engine and machinery, we are enabled to run the looms regularly 112 picks per minute, MAKING AN ACTUAL INCREASE OF OUR ENTIRE PRODUCTION OF OVER EIGHT PER CENT. Your Governor saves coal, saves waste, saves care and labor of the engineer, and produces more goods and better goods. I have timed the engine a hundred times, and never found it to vary in the least. It is the honest truth that the Allen Governor holds it exactly on speed. Address L. C. KING, Superintendent. GERARD B. ALLEN & CO., St. Louis. FRASER & CHALMERS, Chicago. NEW ORLEANS MACHINERY DEPOT, New Orleans. PACIFIC IRON WORKS, San Francisco. FILER, STOWELL & CO., Milwaukee, Wis., or THE ALLEN GOVERNOR CO., Boston. HORSE STALL FLOOR, Patented through the Scientific American Patent Agency, June 4th, 1872. Rights sent by mail, with full instructions how to make and use, on receipt of $1.00; two for $1.50. It will keep the stall cleaner and the horse much more comfortable than any floor in use. It requires less than one-half of the usual amount of bedding. Any man can make them with very little expense. A liberal discount to carpenters or stable keepers in quantities of twelve or more. This floor is used throughout the New England States, and many parts of the South and West. State, County, and Town rights for sale. Agents wanted. G. W. GORDON, 256 Broadway, Chelsea, Mass. THE BIGELOW Steam Engine. BOTH PORTABLE AND STATIONARY. The CHEAPEST AND BEST in the market. Send for descriptive circular and price list. H. B. BIGELOW & CO., New Haven, Conn. LeCOUNT'S PATENT Machinists' Tools. REDUCED PRICES. Set Iron Dogs, 3-8 to 2 in., $5.60 " " " 3-8 to 4 in., 12.00 " Steel " 3-8 to 2 in., 6.30 " " " 3-8 to 4 in., 13.00 Iron & Steel Clamps, Die Dogs, Clamp Dogs, Vice Clamps, Expanding Mandrels, &c. Send for latest Price List to C. W. LE COUNT, South Norwalk, Conn. Working Models And Experimental Machinery, Metal or Wood, made to order by J. F. WERNER, 62 Center St., N. Y. CAVEATS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADE MARKS, ETC. Messrs. Munn & Co., in connection with the publication of the Scientific American, continue to examine Improvements, and to act as Solicitors of Patents for Inventors. In this line of business they have had over thirty years' experience, and now have unequaled facilities for the preparation of Patent Drawings, Specifications, and the Prosecution of Applications for Patents in the United States, Canada, and Foreign Countries. Messrs. Munn & Co. also attend to the preparation of Caveats, Trade Mark Regulations, Copyrights for Books, Labels, Reissues, Assignments, and Reports on Infringements of Patents. All business intrusted to them is done with special care and promptness, on very moderate terms. We send free of charge, on application, The Scientific American Hand Book, an elegantly illustrated pamphlet of 48 pages, containing further information about Patents and how to procure them; directions concerning Trade Marks, Copyrights, Designs, Patents, Appeals, Reissues, Infringements, Assignments, Rejected Cases, Hints on the Sale of Patents. Foreign Patents.—We also send, free of charge, a Synopsis of Foreign Patent Laws, showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal countries of the world. American inventors should bear in mind that, as a general rule, any invention that is valuable to the patentee in this country is worth equally as much in England and some other foreign countries. Five patents—embracing Canadian, English, German, French, and Belgian—will secure to an inventor the exclusive monopoly to his discovery among about one hundred and fifty millions of the most intelligent people in the world. The facilities of business and steam communication are such that patents can be obtained abroad by our citizens almost as easily as at home. The expense to apply for an English patent is $75; German, $100; French, $100; Belgian, $100; Canadian, $50. Address MUNN & CO., 37 Park Row, New York city. Pyrometers, For showing heat of Ovens, Hot Blast Pipes, Boiler Flues, Super-Heated Steam, Oil Stills, &c. HENRY W. BULKLEY. Sole Manufacturer, 149 Broadway, New York. $5 Outfit free. Salary guaranteed. Write at once to EMPIRE NOVELTY CO., 309 Broadway, New York. TAYLOR'S M'F'G CO., WESTMINSTER, MD., Portable and Stationary Engine Builders, etc. Send for Cata. Wright's Pat. Bucket Plungers are the best. VALLEY MACHINE Co. Easthampton, Mass.

ROOTS' FORCE BLAST BLOWER,

FIRST PREMIUM

AWARDED

AT

PARIS AND VIENNA,

SPEED ONLY 100 TO ??0 REV. PER M. SAVES

HALF THE POWER REQUIRED FOR FAN.

P. H. & F. M. ROOTS, Manuf'rs, CONNERSVILLE, IND.

S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen'l' Ag't, 6 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK.

Established 1844. JOSEPH C. TODD, (Formerly of Todd & Rafferty), ENGINEER and MACHINIST. Flax, Hemp, Jute, Rope, Oakum, and Bagging Machinery, Steam Engines, Boilers, etc. Also Agent for the celebrated and improved Rawson & Rittinger Hoisting Engine, I will furnish specifications and estimates for all kinds of machinery. Send for descriptive circular and price. Address J. C. TODD, 10 Barclay St., New York, or Paterson, N. J. GUILD & GARRISON, 34 to 44 First St., Williamsburgh, N. Y., Manufacturers of STEAM PUMPS for all purposes. Also Vacuum Pumps, Vacuum Fans and Air Compressors. NON-COMBUSTIBLE STEAM BOILER AND PIPE WITH "AIR SPACE" IMPROVEMENT. Saves 10 to 20 per cent. CHALMERS SPENCE CO., Foot E. 9th St. N. Y.; 1202 N. 2d St., St. Louis, Mo. NEW WOOD LATHE; ALSO SCROLL SAW. BOTH new and first-class. Send for circulars. H. BICKFORD, Cincinnati, O. ROCK DRILLING MACHINES AND AIR COMPRESSORS. MANUFACTURED BY Burleigh Rock Drill Co. SEND FOR PAMPHLET. FITCHBURG MASS. MACHINISTS' TOOLS. NEW AND IMPROVED PATTERNS. Send for new illustrated catalogue. Lathes, Planers, Drills, &c. NEW HAVEN MANUFACTURING CO., New Haven, Conn. Steel Castings, From ¼ to 10,000 lbs. weight, true to pattern. An invaluable substitute for forgings, or for malleable iron castings requiring great strength. Send for circular and price list to CHESTER STEEL CASTING COMPANY, EVELINA STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. FULL SIZE PLANER SAW TOOTH - 3 CENTS EACH "OFFICE OF DICKINSON BROS., RIDGEWAY, ELK Co., PA., May 28th, 1877. "Messrs. EMERSON, SMITH & Co. GENTS: We have been through four winters in frozen hemlock, cutting 20,000 feet of lumber per day with your Patent Planer Saw, averaging 75,000 feet with each set of 40 bits." Mill Men and Sawyers, send your full address, plainly written, on a postal card, for Emerson's Hand Book of Saws, free, to EMERSON, SMITH & CO., Beaver Falls, Pa. Please name size and style of saw used. Machines AND Wheels Guaranteed. Send for Illustrated Circular, Weissport, PA. PERFECT NEWSPAPER FILE The Koch Patent File, for preserving newspapers, magazines, and pamphlets, has been recently improved and price reduced. Subscribers to the Scientific American and Scientific American Supplement can be supplied for the low price of $1.50 by mail, or $1.25 at the office of this paper. Heavy board sides; inscription "SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN," in gilt. Necessary for every one who wishes to preserve the paper. Address MUNN & CO., Publishers Scientific American. HARTFORD STEAM BOILER Inspection & Insurance COMPANY. W. B. FRANKLIN, V. Pres't. J. M. ALLEN, Pres't. J. B. PIERCE, Sec'y. PUNCHING PRESSES. Drop Hammers and Dies, for working Metals, &c. THE STILES & PARKER PRESS CO., Middletown, Conn. A PRACTICAL MACHINIST, WITH TEN years' experience as Foreman in one of the largest and most successful shops in the country, employing over four hundred men, wishes employment. Would be willing to invest a few thousand dollars in a safe and paying business. Address A. Foreman, P. O., Phila., Pa.

WANTED:

Agents for the Automatic Gas Lighting Torch in every gas-burning town in the United States. Exclusive territory given. Sewing machine agents preferred. This Torch lights without matches. Address

The Stockwell Self-Lighting Gas Burner Co., 89 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK.

GUARDIOLA'S COFFEE & SUGAR MACHINERY Coffee, Malt, Corn, Cocoa, and Grain-drying Machine. Coffee-Hulling and Polishing Machines. Coffee-Washing Machine. Helix Sugar Evaporator. Messrs. C. ADOLPHE LOW & CO., 42 Cedar Street, Messrs. MUNOZ & ESPRIELLA, 52 Pine Street, New York, are Mr. Guardiola's Agents, and they will give prompt attention to all orders for any of the above machines. THE HOADLEY PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE. WITH AUTOMATICAL CUT-OFF REGULATOR AND BALANCED VALVE. THE BEST AND MOST ECONOMICAL ENGINE MADE SEND FOR CIRCULAR. The J. C. HOADLEY CO. LAWRENCE, MASS. STATE WHERE YOU SAW THIS. EAGLE FOOT LATHES, Improvement in style. Reduction in prices April 20th. Small Engine Lathes. Slide Rests, Tools, etc. Also Scroll and Circular Saw Attachments, Hand Planers, etc. Send for Catalogue of outfits for Amateurs or Artisans. WM. L. CHASE & CO., 95 & 97 Liberty St., New York. Mill Stones and Corn Mills. We make Burr Millstones, Portable Mills, Smut Machines, Packers, Mill Picks, Water Wheels, Pulleys, and Gearing, specially adapted to Flour Mills. Send for catalogue. J.T. NOYE & SON, Buffalo, N. Y. F. ADEE & CO.'S PATENT LEAD STENCH TRAPS. Positive protection against Sewer-gas. Best and cheapest. See illustration, Scientific American, April 14th. Send for circular. F. ADEE, 275 Pearl St., N. Y. ASBESTOS BOARD, For Flange Joints, Cylinder Heads, Man-hole Plates, etc. The only genuine, strictly fire-proof, made from pure Italian Asbestos. All sizes, from 1-32 to 1-4 inch. H. W. JOHNS M'F'G CO., 87 Maiden Lane, New York. THE TANITE CO., STROUDSBURG, PA. EMERY WHEELS AND GRINDERS. GEO. PLACE, 121 Chambers St., New York Agent. $3 PRINTING PRESS! Prints cards, envelopes, etc., equal to any press. Larger sizes for large work. Do your own printing and advertising and save money. Excellent spare hour amusement for old or young. Or it can be made money making business anywhere. Send 3c. stamps for large catalogue to KELSEY & CO., Manufacturers, Meriden, Conn.

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Tube Cleaners for cleaning Boiler Tubes. THE NATIONAL STEEL TUBE CLEANER CO. 814 E. 9th St., N. Y. A LCOTT LATHES, for Broom, Rake and Hoe Handles. S. C. HILLS, 78 Chambers St. N. Y. DROP FORGINGS and SPECIAL MACHINERY, THE HULL & BELDEN CO., Danbury, Conn. DAMPER REGULATORS BEST AND LEVERS GAUGE COCKS. MURRILL & KEIZER, 44 HOLLIDAY ST., BALTIMORE TORPEDO VESSELS. By Mr. DONALDSON. A valuable paper, lately read before the United Service Institute. Being a full exposition of the Torpedo-boat system, from the earliest efforts to the present time. Giving dimensions and performances of the several sizes built by Thornycroft Bros. for the various governments, highly interesting trials of these boats, and experiences in war, and a description of the torpedoes used. 1 illustration. Contained in Scientific American Supplement No. 79. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and of all newsdealers. B OGARDUS' PATENT UNIVERSAL ECCENTRIC MILLS— For grinding Bones, Ores, Sand, Old Crucibles, Fire Clay, Guanos, Oil Cake, Feed, Corn, Corn and Cob, Tobacco, Snuff, Sugar, Salts, Roots, Spices, Coffee, Cocoanut, Flaxseed, Asbestos, Mica, etc., and whatever cannot be ground by other mills. Also for Paints, Printers' Inks, Paste Blacking, etc. JOHN W. THOMSON, successor to JAMES BOGARDUS, corner of White and Elm Sts., New York. LEHIGH UNIVERSITY.—Tuition Free. Civil, Mechanical, and Mining Engineering; Chemistry and Metallurgy; Full Classical Instruction; French and German; English Literature; International and Constitutional Law; Psychology and Christian Evidences. For Registers, address the Rev. JOHN M. LEAVITT, D.D., President, Bethlehem, Penna. DRILLS, Jigging Machines, etc. Illustrated catalogues sent FREE Address AMES M'F'G CO., Chicopee, Mass. PHOSPHOR-BRONZE AND ITS APPLICATIONS. By ALEXANDER DICK. A series of valuable tests, showing the superiority of Phosphor-bronze over ordinary bronze. Old bronze and new compared. Phosphor-bronze under oft-repeated strains; also its adaptability to frictional purposes. Contained in Scientific American Supplement No. 79. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and of all newsdealers. Paints, Roofing, Steam Pipe and Boiler Coverings, Steam Packing, Sheathings, Fire, Acid, and Waterproof Coatings, Cements, etc. Send for Samples, Illustrated Catalogues, Price Lists, etc. 87 MAIDEN LANE, NEW YORK. FIFTY SYRUP RECIPES, FOR HOUSEHOLD purposes, Mineral Waters, etc., to wit: Simple Syrup, (2) Lemon Syrup, Mulberry Syrup, Vanilla Syrup, Vanilla Cream Syrup, (2) Cream Syrup, Ginger Syrup, Orange Syrup, (2) Pineapple Syrup, Nectar Syrup, Sherbet Syrup, Grape Syrup, Banana Syrup, (2) Coffee Syrup, Wild Cherry Syrup, Wintergreen Syrup, (2) Sarsaparilla Syrup, Maple Syrup, (2) Chocolate Syrup, Coffee Cream Syrup, Ambrosia Syrup, Hock and Claret Syrup, Solferino Syrup, Capsicum Syrup, Cherry Syrup, Strawberry Syrup, (2) Raspberry Syrup, Peach Syrup, Blackberry Syrup, Orgeat Syrup, Catawba Syrup, Milk Punch Syrup, Champagne Syrup, Sherry Cobbler Syrup, Excelsior Syrup, Fancy Syrup, Currant Syrup, Framboise Syrup, Maidenhair Syrup, Orange Flower Syrup, Cinnamon Syrup. How to make Syrups Frothy. Colognes for the Sick Room, by GEO. LEIS. With recipes for the production of preparations that serve as pleasing perfumes, deodorizers, and cosmetic lotions. All the above are contained in Scientific American Supplement No. 77. Price 10 cents. To be had at this office and of all newsdealers. T HE "Scientific American" is printed with CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON & CO.'S INK. Tenth and Lombard Sts., Philadelphia, and 59 Gold St., New York.

Transcriber's Note: Some archaic (Early American) spellings have been retained. Obvious punctuation errors have been repaired. Errata The remaining corrections made are indicated by dotted lines under the corrections. Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will appear. 'thin' corrected to 'tin' "... the requisite quantity depending upon the thickness of the tin plate to be removed." Article 13 'put' corrected to 'but' "... but plenty of good soap and warm water,..." Article NQ (39) P. 16: "SPEED ONLY 100 TO ??0 REV. PER M. SAVES HALF THE POWER REQUIRED FOR FAN." figure obscured by address label ('Journal of Pharmacy X 145 S 10th st.'). Advert for 'ROOTS' FORCE BLAST BLOWER' Return to Top