River and Canal Engineering, the characteristics of open flowing streams, and the principles and methods to be followed in dealing with them
E. S. (Edward Skelton) Bellasis
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1. RIVER AND CANAL ENGINEERING2. RIVER AND CANAL ENGINEERING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF OPEN FLOWING STREAMS, AND THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS TO BE FOLLOWED IN DEALING WITH THEM BY E. S. BELLASIS, M.Inst.C.E. RECENTLY SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER IN THE IRRIGATION BRANCH OF THE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT OF INDIA 72 ILLUSTRATIONS London E. & F. N. SPON, Ltd., 57 HAYMARKET, S.W. New York SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 123 LIBERTY STREET 19133. PREFACE4. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION5. 2. Résumé of the Subject.—Chap. II. of this book deals with the collection of information concerning streams, a procedure which is necessary before any considerable work in connection with a stream can be undertaken, and often before it can even be decided whether or not it is to be undertaken. Chap. III. deals with rainfall, and describes how rainfall figures and statistics can be utilised by the engineer in dealing with streams.6. CHAPTER II RAINFALL7. CHAPTER III COLLECTION OF INFORMATION CONCERNING STREAMS8. CHAPTER IV THE SILTING AND SCOURING ACTION OF STREAMS9. 4. Methods of Investigation.—The quantity of silt in water is found by taking specimens of the water and evaporating it or, if the silt is present in great quantity, leaving it to settle for twelve hours—an ounce of alum can be added for every 10 cubic feet of water to accelerate settlement—drawing off the water by a syphon, and heating the deposit to dry it. The deposit is then measured or weighed. It is best to weigh it. If clay is filled into a measure, the volume depends greatly on the manner in which it is filled in. When silt deposits in large quantities in a channel, or when heavy scour occurs, the volume deposited or scoured is ascertained by taking careful sections of the channel.10. CHAPTER V METHODS OF INCREASING OR REDUCING SILTING OR SCOUR11. CHAPTER VI WORKS FOR THE PROTECTION OF BANKS12. CHAPTER VII DIVERSIONS AND CLOSURES OF STREAMS13. CHAPTER VIII THE TRAINING AND CANALISATION OF RIVERS14. CHAPTER IX CANALS AND CONDUITS15. CHAPTER X WEIRS AND SLUICES16. CHAPTER XI BRIDGES AND SYPHONS17. 1. Preliminary Remarks.—Arts. 2 and 3 of this Chapter deal with the calculation of flood discharges, Art. 2 dealing with small streams, in which the water has to be got rid of, and Art. 3 with large streams. The remaining articles discuss the methods of predicting floods and of preventing them from doing damage. When the discharge figures have been arrived at in any case, the necessary masonry works can be designed in accordance with the principles described in Chaps. X. and XI. For remarks regarding the design of channels and banks, see Chap. IX., Art. 4, and also Art. 6 of the present Chapter.18. CHAPTER XIII RESERVOIRS AND DAMS19. CHAPTER XIV TIDAL WATERS AND WORKS20. CHAPTER XV RIVER BARS21. APPENDIX A22. APPENDIX B23. INDEX