INDEX
Reading edition
Aberdeenshire, 279.
Abonsam, a Gold Coast demon, 77.
Abor, the, 54.
Abraham, 240 n.¹
Abyssinia, 70, 139 n.², 193 sq., 199, 210, 270 n., 307.
Achehnese of Sumatra, 204.
Adams, J. Q., on the French Revolutionary calendar, 283.
Afar, the, 199.
Affirah-bi, a Gold Coast festival of the dead, 76, 77.
Afghanistan, 293.
Agar, the rest days of the Siah Posh Kafirs, 293 sq.
Ἅγιος, Greek term for taboo, 3 and n.⁵
Aha, Hawaiian prayers, 11, 12 and n.², 13.
Ahanta of the Gold Coast, 190 and n.⁴
Akamba of British East Africa, 136, 145.
Akikuyu of British East Africa, 6, 68, 101 n.¹, 107, 136, 209 sq.
Akposo of Togo, 115 n.
Alaska, 72 sq., 73 n.²
Albania, 272.
Alcibiades, 92 sq.
Allia, battle of the, 171, 245, 273.
Amau, the Kayan omen animals, 28 and n.¹
Amos, the prophet, 244, 252.
Anahulu, the Hawaiian, 188.
Anam, 189, 201.
Andaman Islanders, the, 132, 181.
Animals, used in divination, 27, 28 and n.¹, 59 n.²;
rest days for, 95 sq., 138.
Animistic sanctions of taboos, 5 sq.
Anito, ancestral spirits of the Bontoc Igorot, 48 n.²
Anoiila, the Nicobarese term for rest day, 40, 165.
Anthesteria, Athenian festival of the, 79 sq., 88.
Antu, Bornean spirits, 35 n.²
Apis, sacred Egyptian bull, 129 n.⁶
Apollo, 169, 211 and n.⁴, 212 n.¹, 299.
Ἀποφράδες ἡμέραι, Greek unlucky days, 79 sq., 84, 92 sq., 139 and n.³, 140.
Arabs, lunar superstitions of the, 126, 139, 248;
calendar of the, 175, 179 n.¹, 182 n.⁶, 226 sq.;
their preference for odd numbers, 178 n.¹;
their adoption of the seven-day week, 206;
lunar mansions of the, 275.
Arakan, 55, 66.
Arizona, 303.
Armenia, 282 sq.
Artemis, 130.
Aryans of ancient India, lunar festivals of the, 149 sqq.;
their epagomenal days, 276 sq.
Ἀσέλινοι, the Athenian, 139 and n.³
Ashanti, 303.
Assam, 49 sqq., 53 sqq., 65 sq., 89, 106, 233 sq.
Asshurbanipal, Assyrian king, 223, 238.
Astrology, 191 n.¹, 194 sq., 197 n.², 202, 204, 205, 210, 213 sqq., 216 sqq., 220, 244, 274 sq., 286 n.³, 287 sq., 303.
Atenoux, 185.
Athene, 92, 93.
Athenian festivals, 79 sq., 88, 91 sqq., 169 sq., 304.
Atonement, Day of, 81 sqq., 93, 179 n.¹, 235 n.², 260.
Atua, Polynesian spirits, 5, 8.
August, unlucky days of, in Greek lands, 284.
Augustine, St., 265.
Augustus, Roman emperor, 100, 219, 305.
Aurelius, Marcus, 305.
Auspices, Maori, 17.
Australia, 26, 128, 180, 183.
Azazel, a bad angel or demon, 82, 83 n.¹
Babylonians, the, their conception of taboo, 6, 231 sq.;
their superstitions relating to the moon, 126, 138 sq.;
their five-day period, or khamushtu, 195 and n.², 228;
cult of seven among the, 212 sqq., 225, 229 sqq.;
the seven planets and planetary deities of the, 213 sqq.;
their division of the nycthemeron into twelve kaspu, 218 n.¹;
their “evil days,” 223 sqq., 230, 231, 232 sqq., 236, 241, 254, 257 sq., 282 n.¹;
seven-day cycles of the, 224 sq., 227 sqq.;
lunar month of the, 226 sqq.;
the shabattum, 235 sqq., 239, 240 sq.;
new-moon and full-moon days observed by the, 239 sq.;
their unlucky days, 241 n.¹, 297 sq.;
the Hebrew week and Sabbath not directly borrowed from the, 246;
their lunar mansions, 274 sq.
Badaga of the Madras Presidency, 149.
Baffin Land, 71 sq.
Baganda of Uganda, 129, 145 sq.
Bahima of Uganda, 75 sq., 76 n.¹, 147.
Bahuana of Belgian Congo, 108.
Bakuba of Belgian Congo, 108.
Bali, island of, 41 sqq., 105, 165 and n.¹, 183, 205.
Balubale, Bahima demons, 76 and n.¹
Bambala of Belgian Congo, 108 and n.⁶
Banyoro of Uganda, 146 sq.
Bapiri of British South Africa, 144.
Barotse of British South Africa, 145.
Barter, Australian, 103.
Basoga of Uganda, 69 sq.
Basuto of British South Africa, 68, 75 and n.², 179.
Bathing prohibited during a tabooed or unlucky period, 1, 9, 31, 39, 49 n.¹, 70, 92 n., 155, 273 n.³, 289, 297.
Batta of Sumatra, 105, 205, 285 sq.
Bawenda of British South Africa, 194.
Bayaka of Belgian Congo, 108 and n.⁵
Baziba of Uganda, 145.
Bechuana of British South Africa, 68, 144 sq.
Belgian Congo, 105 sq., 117 n.¹, 190.
Bengal, 88 sq., 137.
Benin, 101 n.¹, 111, 112 and n.¹, 182, 187 n.¹
Bhaskara Saptami, Hindu festival of, 153 sq.
Bhutan, the Buddhist Sabbath in, 163.
Bini of Benin, 101 n.¹, 111, 112 and n.¹, 182, 187 n.¹
Bodily attentions not permitted during a tabooed or unlucky period, 1, 9, 31, 39, 49 n.¹, 70, 71, 92 n., 151, 155, 232, 233, 282 n.¹, 289, 300.
See also Bathing.
Bohemia, 135 n.⁷
Book of the Dead, the, 167.
Borneo, 6, 26 sqq., 65, 88, 180, 208 sq.
Boscawen, W. H., 236 n.¹
Bowditch Island. See Fakaofo.
Brazil, 125, 182.
Breasted, J. H., 167 n.¹
British Columbia, 71 n.⁴, 197 n.¹
—— East Africa, 6, 68 sq., 107, 128, 134, 136, 145, 181 sq., 189 sq., 198 sq., 209 sq.
—— New Guinea, 26 and n.³, 101 n.¹, 103 sq.
—— North Borneo, 65, 208 sq.
—— South Africa, 67 sq., 137, 144 sq., 182, 194, 214 n.
Brittany, 130, 279.
Bubuk, the Land Dyak name of full moon, 37.
Buddha, the, 156, 157, 158, 161.
Buddhism, observance of the uposatha in, 155 sqq.
Buriat of Siberia, 132.
Burkeneji of British East Africa, 198 sq.
Burma, tabooed days observed in, 55 sqq., 66;
the Buddhist Sabbath in, 159 sqq.;
divisions of the month employed in, 184, 189;
the seven-day week in, 201;
unlucky days observed in, 273 n.³, 302.
Bushmen of British South Africa, 126, 141 sq., 147.
Bushongo. See Bakuba.
Buta, Balinese evil spirits, 42.
Calabar (Old), 78, 111.
Calendar, the, 13 n.¹, 47, 75, 82 n.², 118, 148, 166, 173 sqq., 226 sqq., 248 sq., 253 sqq., 279, 281, 282 sq.
Cambodia, 162, 184 n.², 200, 201.
Canaanites, the Sabbath not borrowed from the, 246.
Cannæ, battle of, 171 n.¹
Cardinal points, colour symbolism of the, 105 n.²
Caroline Islands, the, 24 sq., 181, 188 sq.
Cato the Elder, on Roman holidays, 95 sq., 98.
Celebes, 104, 205.
Celtiberians, lunar festivals of the, 172.
Celts, lunar festivals of the, 172;
their calendar, 185 sq.;
nine-day cycles of the, 193 and n.²
Central America, 118, 119, 174, 280 sq.
Ceylon, 155, 158, 159 and n.¹, 184, 201.
Chams, the, 184 n.², 201.
Cherokee Indians, the, 141, 214 n.
Cheyne, T. K., 243 n.¹
Chibcha. See Muysca.
Chiefs and kings, death of, necessitates communal abstinence, 25, 26, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69 sq.;
responsible for the observance of communal taboos, 27 n.¹, 45, 68 n.¹;
subject to various restrictions, 233 sq.
Childbirth, taboos imposed in connection with, 4, 7, 25, 38 and n.³, 44, 53, 56, 57 n.¹, 66 and n.², 69 n.²;
the moon associated with, 127 sqq.
Chinese, lunar superstitions of the, 135, 164;
lunar festivals observed by the, 163 sq.;
their tradition of a ten-month year, 177 n.¹;
their lunar decades, 189 and n.⁴;
the planetary week known to the, 202;
their lunar mansions, 202, 274;
observe no rest days, 203 and n.¹, 303 sq.;
unlucky days of the, 286 and n.³, 287.
Chingpaw. See Kachin.
Chronocratories, astrological theory of, 217 sq.
Chukchi of Siberia, 73, 126.
Cicero, on Roman holidays, 97, 304 sq.
Claudius, Roman emperor, 100.
Cochin-China, 189, 200.
Coligny, Calendar of, 133 n.⁵, 185 and n.⁴, 186 n.¹
Colombia, 119 and n.³, 186.
Comets, taboos imposed in connection with, 51.
Congo Free State. See Belgian Congo.
Constantine, edict of, relating to Sunday, 122 sq., 270.
Cooking not allowed during a tabooed or unlucky period, 10, 15, 16, 42, 155, 232 and n.³, 233, 257 and n.³, 258, 260.
Copernicus, 216.
Cos, island of, 284.
Courts and public offices not open during a tabooed or unlucky period, 67, 79, 80, 122 and n.³, 155, 164, 169, 203, 211, 239 n.⁴, 279, 280, 298, 303, 305.
Couvade, custom of the, 58 sq.
Covenanters of Damascus, the, 263 n.³
Creation myth, the Babylonian, 229;
the Hebrew, 242 sq.
Creek Indians, the, 141.
Cremera, battle of the, 273.
Crete, 284.
Crisis, sociological conception of, 60 sq., 86.
Cumont, Franz, 220 n.³
Cyclades, the, 134.
Cyprian, 270.
Cyprus, 284.
Dahomey, 114 and n.²
Dakota Indians, the, 141.
Dalai Lama, tabooed days observed after the death of the, 67.
Danakil, the, 199.
Darmesteter, J., 166 n.
David, 245.
Dead, festivals of the, 51 and n.⁴, 74 sqq., 79 sqq.
Death, taboos observed after a, 7, 19 n., 24, 25, 26, 34, 36, 38, 39, 43, 44, 51, 60, 63 sqq., 84, 95 and n.², 258 sq.;
primitive ideas of, 62 sq.
Debel, N. H., 196 n.¹
Decade, the, 188 sqq., 198, 245, 281 n.²
Decalogues, the, 242 and n.¹, 256.
Deluge myth, the Babylonian, 212, 230;
the Hebrew, 276 n.²
Demons, punish the violators of taboos, 5 sq., 8, 28, 31 sqq., 40 sqq., 48, 49 n.¹, 51;
expulsion of, 22, 40 sqq., 56, 74 sqq., 278.
Dendera, temple of, 168.
Dew, the moon believed to be the source of, 131 and n.²
Diana, 130.
Dichomenia, the Greek full-moon day, 170 and n.², 184 and n.⁵
Dieri of South Australia, 180.
Dies Ægyptiaci, 299 sqq.
—— Alliensis, 245, 273.
—— atri. See Dies religiosi.
—— dominica, the Lord’s Day, 220 sq., 267.
—— feriati. See Feriæ.
—— nefasti, 80 n.², 304 sq.
—— postriduani, 170 sq.
—— religiosi, Roman unlucky days, 80 and n.², 81, 84, 93 sq., 94 n.², 170 sq., 171 n.³, 273.
—— Saturni. See Saturday.
—— Solis. See Sunday.
—— vitiosi. See Dies religiosi.
Diffusion of cultural elements, 39 sq., 58, 84, 196.
Dio Cassius, on the origin of the planetary week, 216 sqq.;
on the Hebrew Sabbath, 245.
Dionysus, 79, 88, 266.
Diulasu, the, 116 n.¹
Divination, 17, 27, 28 sqq., 48, 50 n.¹, 285 sqq.
Dositheus, observance of the Sabbath by, 257 n.¹
Dravidians of India, 66 sq., 88 sqq., 137 sq., 148 sq.
Durga, Hindu goddess, 153.
Dusun of British North Borneo, 65, 208 sq.
Dutch Borneo, 26 n.¹, 31 sqq., 180.
—— New Guinea, 104.
Du-zang, the Tibetan Sabbath, 162 sq.
Earthquakes, taboos imposed in connection with, 42, 43, 50, 60, 69, 99 sq., 152.
Eclipses, taboos imposed in connection with, 42, 50 sq., 99, 134 sq., 152, 153, 259.
Edo. See Bini.
Egbo, a secret society of Old Calabar, 78, 111.
Egungun, a Slave Coast deity, 77.
“Egyptian days.” See Dies Ægyptiaci.
Egyptians, superstitions of the, relating to the moon, 129 and n.⁶;
their lunar festivals, 166 sqq.;
solar year of the, 166, 174, 281;
their ideas as to the full moon, 186 and n.¹;
ten-day week of the, 191 and n.¹, 245, 281 n.²;
astrological cycles of the, 191 n.¹, 194 sq.;
the division of the nycthemeron into twenty-four hours known to the, 218 n.¹;
their unlucky days, 258, 282, 295 sqq., 304;
epagomenal days of the, 281 sq.
Elisha, 249, 251.
Ellis, A. B., on the origin of weeks and Sabbaths, 115, 148 and n.²
Ellis, William, 10 n.³
Elmore, W. T., 90 n.¹
Elpanam, the men’s house in the Nicobar Islands, 40 and n.², 41.
Elul II, Babylonian intercalary month, 224, 232, 241 n.¹, 297.
England, lunar superstitions in, 134, 135, 140;
unlucky days observed in, 279, 300 sq.
Ennead, the, 192 sq.
Epagomenal days, Hawaiian, 13 n.²;
Hebrew, 82 n.², 276 n.²;
early Aryan, 276 sq.;
European folklore of the Twelve Days, 277 sqq.;
Mexican and Maya, 279 sqq.;
Egyptian, 281 sq.;
Persian, 282;
Armenian, 282 sq.;
of the French Revolutionary calendar, 283.
Epic of Creation, the Babylonian, 229.
Epirus, 284.
Erronan. See Futuna.
Eskimo, the, 71 sqq., 129.
Essenes, the, 257 n.³
Esthonians, the, 222.
Euahlayi of New South Wales, 128.
“Evil Days,” the Babylonian, 223 sqq., 230, 231, 232 sqq., 236, 241, 254, 257 sq., 282 n.¹
Ewe-speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, tabooed days observed by the, 112, 113, 114, 115.
Ezekiel, 253, 254, 255, 262.
Fady, Malagasy term for taboo, 3, 70, 294.
Fakaofo (Bowditch Island), 20 sq.
Fakil, a Bontoc Igorot festival, 48.
Fandroana, a Malagasy festival, 76.
Farming, restrictions on, during a tabooed or unlucky period, 16 sq., 17 n.¹, 21, 23, 27 sqq., 37, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47 sq., 49 sq., 54, 55, 57 sq., 64, 65, 67, 68 sqq., 89, 96, 98, 103, 109, 110, 113, 137, 144, 148 sq., 159 n.¹, 162 n.⁴, 190 n.⁴, 194, 204, 208 sq., 256, 284, 285, 293, 295, 300.
Farnell, L. R., 80 n.¹
Fasting practised during a tabooed or unlucky period, 1, 15, 16, 17, 32, 39, 43, 44, 58, 62, 67, 68, 75 n.², 81, 89, 134, 135, 143, 146, 149 sqq., 155, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163 n.², 198, 233, 259 sq., 278, 285, 298.
Fasti Philocali, the, 123 n.³, 300.
—— Sabini, the, 219.
Feast of Weeks, Hebrew, 90, 225 n.², 251.
Fe’e, Samoan war-god, 19 sq.
Feralia, Roman festival of the, 81 n.¹
Feriæ, the Roman, 94 sqq., 122 sq., 170, 221 n.², 264 sq., 305 and n.³
—— denicales, 95 and n.²
—— imperativæ, 98 sqq.
—— sementivæ, 96 and n.¹
Festivals, Polynesian, 11 sqq.;
Bornean, 30 sq., 37 sq.;
in the Nicobar Islands, 40 sq., 41 n.²;
in Bali, 41 sqq.;
in the Mentawi Islands, 43 sq.;
in the Philippines, 45 sqq.;
in Manipur, 49 sqq.;
in Assam, 53 sqq.;
in Burma, 55 sqq.;
in Africa, 75 sqq., 112 sqq.;
ancient Greek, 79 sq., 88, 91 sqq, 133 n.⁵, 169 sq., 211, 304;
ancient Roman, 80 sq., 93 sqq., 121 sqq., 170, 304 sqq.;
Jewish, 82, 276 n.²;
Mohammedan, 83;
characteristics of, 85;
accompanied by the remission of labour, 85 sqq.;
consecrated to divinities, 87 sq.;
of the Dravidian peoples of India, 88 sqq.;
Hebrew, 90 sq., 248 sqq.;
ancient Aryan, in India, 149 sqq.;
modern Brahmanic, 153 sq., 165;
Jain, 154 sq.;
Buddhist, 155 sqq.;
Chinese, 163 sq., 303 sq.;
Iranian, 165 sq.;
Egyptian, 166 sqq.;
Babylonian, 239 sq.;
Phœnician, 240;
Christian, 267 sqq., 306 sq.;
Hopi Indian, 303.
Fewkes, J. W., on the Zuñi decades, 191 n.
Fiji Islands, the, 21 sqq., 88.
Fimt, the Scandinavian, 195 sq.
Finns, the, 222.
Fires and lights extinguished during a tabooed or unlucky period, 1, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20, 39, 41, 71, 257 and n.³, 258 sq., 296, 297.
First-fruits, ceremony of, in New Zealand, 17 n.¹;
in the Tonga Islands, 18 and n.², 19;
in the Fiji Islands, 23;
the Hebrew Day of, 90 sq.;
the Athenian Plynteria, 92 sq.;
the Roman Vestalia, 93 sq.
Fishermen subject to taboos, 14, 25 n.¹
Fishing, restrictions on, during a tabooed period, 13, 14 sqq., 25 and n.¹, 26 and n.³, 50, 64, 67, 113 and n.³, 155, 161, 285, 301.
Flamen Dialis, restrictions imposed on the, 96 and n.³
Flaminica Dialis, 92 n., 96, 122.
Florida, state of, 71.
Food taboos. See Fasting.
Formosa, 44.
Fowler, W. W., on the dies postriduani, 171 n.³
France, lunar superstitions in, 126 sq., 130;
unlucky days observed in mediæval, 300.
Frazer, J. G., 2 n.¹, 3 n.⁵, 5, 19 n.¹, 25 n.², 31 n.¹, 36 n., 57 n.², 59 n.¹, 74 n.⁶, 79 n.⁴, 90 n.⁴, 127 n.⁵, 131 n.³, 277 n.⁴
French Equatorial Africa, 3.
Friday, an unlucky day, 92 n., 139 n.³, 222 n.², 273 and n.³, 301;
as the Mohammedan Sabbath, 107 n.², 111 n.³, 115, 116 sq., 197, 199, 201, 204, 205 sq., 262 n.²
Frontinus, 245.
Full moon, 32 and n.², 34 and n.¹, 37, 52 n.¹, 133 and n.³, 134, 142 sq., 146 sq., 148 sqq., 179, 180, 181 n.⁷, 182 n.⁷, 183, 184 sq., 186 n.¹, 229, 238 sqq., 240 n.³, 246, 250 sqq., 254, 257, 260.
Futuna (Erronan), island of, 24.
Galicia, saints’ days observed in, 307.
Galla, the, 116 n.³, 199.
Gaman, the, 116 n.¹
Games played during a tabooed period, 13, 20, 31 n.¹, 50 n.¹
Gamut, origin and diffusion of the, 217 n.²
Garo of Assam, 54.
Ga-speaking peoples of the Gold Coast, tabooed days observed by the, 112, 115;
their lunar weeks, 187 and n.²
Gāthā-days, the Persian, 282.
Gaul, ancient, 186 n.¹, 221.
Genesia, Athenian festival of the, 79.
Genna (kennie), the Naga term for rest day, 49 and n.³, 52 n.²
Gennabura. See Khullakpa.
German East Africa, 68, 76, 107, 197, 209.
—— New Guinea, 57 n.¹, 180.
Germanic languages, names of the week days in, 221 sq.
Germans, ancient, observance of new moon and full moon by the, 133, 172, 185;
cycles of nine days used by the, 193.
Germany, abstinence from work after a death observed in, 74;
lunar superstitions in, 126, 127, 133, 135 n.⁷;
unlucky days observed in, 127, 278 sq.
Gilgamesh, Epic of, 276 n.²
Gold Coast of west Africa, 76 sq., 112, 113, 115, 187, 190 and n.⁴
Gour-deziou, the, in Brittany, 279.
Greek Church, saints’ days in the calendar of the, 306 sq.
Greeks, ancient, unlucky days of the, 79 sq., 84, 92 sq., 139 sq.;
festivals of the, 79 sq., 88, 91 sqq., 133 n.⁵, 169 sq., 211, 304;
their superstitions relating to the moon, 126, 129 sq., 133 n.³, 139 sq.;
their lunar calendar, 169, 184;
lunar decades of the, 191 sq.;
cycles of nine days and nine years used by the, 192 sq.;
cult of seven among the, 211 sq.
Greenland, 71, 129.
Grimme, H., on the Day of Atonement, 83 n.¹;
on Pleiades cults among the Hebrews, 225 n.²
Gudea, the inscription of, 239 n.⁴
Habbe of the Sudan, 69 n.², 116 n.¹
Hair-cutting, superstitions relating to, 9, 18 n., 53, 92 n., 151, 300.
Halmahera, island of, 63 sq.
Hammurabi, Babylonian king, 223, 235 n.¹
Hannibal, 99.
Hanuman, Hindu monkey-god, 201.
Haoma, 129.
Harran, city of, 239, 240 and n.¹
Haughbah, a tabooed day on the Gold Coast, 115 n.⁴
Hawaiian Islanders, tabooed days observed by the, 8 sqq., 24, 88, 188, 233, 258, 303;
their calendar, 13 n.², 188.
Hebdomad. See Seven-day week.
Hebrews, the, their Sabbath, 10 n.⁴, 91, 96 n.¹, 98 n.⁴, 104 n., 109, 122, 148, 179 n.¹, 235, 236 and n., 242 sqq., 291 sq.;
the Day of Atonement, 81 sqq., 93, 179 n.¹, 235 n.², 260;
their agricultural festivals, 90 sq., 250 sq.;
cult of seven among the, 212 n.³;
their seven-day week, 243, 245 sq., 253 sqq., 267;
new-moon and full-moon festivals of the, 248 sqq.
See also Jews.
Heiau, Hawaiian temple, 9, 12, 15.
Heptagram, the, 217 n.¹
Hera, 130, 169, 170.
Hervey Islands, the, 181 n.⁷
Hesiod, 169, 170 n.², 192, 211, 298 sq.
Hiang, a Formosan term for rest day, 44.
Ho of Togo, 182.
Hobbes, Thomas, on the origin of religion, 1.
Holiness, the conception of, 86 and n.¹, 242 n.¹
Holy days. See Festivals.
—— water, Hawaiian, 11.
Hooker, Richard, 259 sq.
Hopi Indians of Arizona, festivals of the, 303 and n.³
Horace, 266.
Hosea, the prophet, 252.
Hottentots of British South Africa, 182, 214 n.
Hours, division of the nycthemeron into, 218 and n.¹
House-building, taboos imposed in connection with, 32 sq., 34, 39, 43, 44, 45, 55, 209, 285, 299, 300.
Hova of Madagascar, 132 sq., 294.
Hrilh, the Lushei term for taboo, 55.
Hua, Hawaiian deity, 15, 88.
Huahine, island of, 9.
Humphrey Island. See Manahiki.
Hunting, restrictions on, during a tabooed period, 50, 72 and n.¹, 73 n.¹, 74, 155, 161 sq.
Iban (Sea Dyak) of Borneo, 33 sqq., 65, 208.
Ibo of Southern Nigeria, 111 and n.³
Ides, the, 170, 171, 184 sq., 185 n.¹, 305.
Ignatius, St., 269 and n.³
Igorot of Luzon, 46 sqq., 88, 181.
Ihering, R. von, on the origin of periodic rest days, 102.
Impregnation believed to be accomplished by the moon, 127 sqq.
Inachi, the Tonga ceremony of first-fruits, 18 and n.², 93.
Inclusive reckoning, practice of, 119 n.¹, 120 n.², 267 n.⁵
India, tabooed days after a death observed in, 66 sq.;
Dravidian village festivals, 88 sqq.;
Dravidian lunar superstitions, 132, 134 sq., 148 sq.;
the ancient Aryan upavasatha, 149 sqq.;
Hindu festival of Bhaskara Saptami, 153 sq.;
Hindu bipartite division of the month, 183 sq.;
the seven-day week in, 199 sqq.;
symbolism of seven in, 211;
the lunar mansions in, 275;
the Twelve Days in, 276 sq.;
unlucky days observed in, 291, 302.
Indians, North American, 141, 182, 197, 210, 211 and n.¹
Indo-China, 66, 105 sq., 184, 189, 200.
Innuit of Alaska, 72.
Interlunium, the, as a tabooed period, 136 sqq.
Iranians, lunar superstitions of the, 129;
their lunar festivals, 165 sq., 200;
their bipartite division of the month, 184.
See also Persians.
Isaiah, 252, 265.
Ishtar, Babylonian goddess, 129, 226, 230, 232.
Isidore of Seville, 172.
Italy, introduction of the planetary week into, 219.
Jainism, observance of the posaha in, 154 sq.
Jaluo of British East Africa, 128.
Japan, the Buddhist Sabbath in, 164;
the lunar decade in, 189;
the seven-day week in, 203 sq.;
rest days observed in, ib.;
unlucky days observed in, 287.
Jastrow, Morris, on the observance of the seventh day in Babylonia, 232 n.⁴;
on the meaning of shabbāthôn, 236 n.;
on the meaning of shabattum, 237;
on the inscription of Gudea, 240 n.;
on the original significance of the word “Sabbath,” 251;
on Babylonian unlucky days, 298.
Java, 104, 105 and n.², 183, 200, 205 and n.⁴
Jehovah, 91, 242, 247, 248, 256, 260, 261, 262.
Jenks, A. E., on the rest days observed by the Bontoc Igorot, 47 n.²
Jeremiah, 262.
Jericho, 255 n.¹
Jesus, words of, relating to the observance of the Sabbath, 269.
Jews, taboos after a death observed by the, 74;
celebration of New Year’s Day by the, 82;
their superstitions relating to the moon, 126 and n.⁶, 135 and n.⁶;
neglect of the Sabbath by modern, 235;
unlucky days of the, 263 n.², 273 sq.
See also Hebrews.
Johns, C. H. W., on the observance of the Babylonian “evil days,” 235 n.¹;
on the Babylonian nubattu, 241 n.¹
Jonathan, 249.
Josephus, 260.
Jubilee, the Hebrew, 261 and n.³
Jum‘a, al, the Mohammedan Sabbath, 107 n.², 111 n.³, 115, 116 sq., 197, 199, 201, 204 sqq., 262 n.²
Juno, 130, 170.
Jupiter, the Roman nundinæ consecrated to, 122;
the Ides consecrated to, 170;
the planet, 213.
Justin, Roman historian, on the origin of the Sabbath, 260 n.³
Justin Martyr, 268.
Kachin (Chingpaw), 56, 189.
Kaffa, 199.
Kafiristan, 293 sq.
Kagoro of northern Nigeria, 117 n.¹
Kalends, the, 170, 171, 184, 305.
Kalmucks, the uposatha observance of the, 163.
Kaloa, Hawaiian deity, 15, 88, 188.
Kamata. See Kambata.
Kamataraya, a Kota deity, 88.
Kambata, a Kota festival, 88.
Kamehameha II, Hawaiian king, 9.
Kamerun, 110 sq.
Kanarese-speaking peoples of southern India, their village festivals, 89 sq.;
observance of the interlunium by the, 137 and n.³;
tabooed days of the, 148 sq.
Kandian of Ceylon, 159 n.¹
Kane, Hawaiian deity, 15, 88, 188.
Kapu. See Tabu.
Karaja of Brazil, 182.
Karakia, Maori magical incantation and prayer, 17 n.²
Karen of Burma, 56 sq.
Kasuba of the Madras Presidency, 67.
Kataharayan of Malabar, 67.
Kataphang, a Nicobarese festival, 40 sq.
Kavirondo of British East Africa, 69.
Kayan of Borneo, 6, 26 sqq., 65 and n.⁶, 180.
Kennie. See Genna.
Kerepunu of British New Guinea, rest day observed by the, 103 and n.⁴, 104.
Kewan, Assyrian designation of the planet Saturn, 244.
Khamushtu, the Assyro-Babylonian, 195 and n.², 228.
Khang, the Mro term for rest day, 55.
Khasi of Assam, 54, 66, 106.
Khnumhotep II, an Egyptian local ruler, inscription of, 167.
Khullakpa (gennabura), the secular and religious head of a Naga community, 52 sq., 53 n.¹, 233 sq.
Kiala, a Nicobarese festival, 41 and n.²
Kiriwina, island of, 125 n.³
Koita of British New Guinea, 26 and n.³
Kopus, a Bontoc Igorot festival, 48.
Koran, the, 182.
Korava of the Madras Presidency, 149.
Korea, 287, 303 sq.
Koryak of Siberia, 73 sq.
Kota of the Madras Presidency, 88.
Ku, Hawaiian deity, 15, 88.
Kuki. See Lushei.
Kumara, the, 16 sq., 17 n.¹
Kwakiutl of British Columbia, ceremonial cannibalism among the, 71 n.⁴
Labour, remission of, during a tabooed or unlucky period. See Rest days.
Lali, a Kayan term for taboo, 27 and n.³
Lalu. See Muhso.
Land Dyak of Sarawak, 36 sq., 65.
Lao of Siam, 66, 105, 184 n.², 194 n.³, 201.
Laodicea, church council of, 269 n.⁴
Laotians. See Lao.
Lapps, the, 222.
La tabu, Hawaiian designation of Sunday, 10.
Laws of Manu, the, 151, 152.
Lemuria, Roman festival of the, 80, 81 and n.¹, 94 and n.², 263 n.²
Lengua Indians of Paraguay, the, 129.
Lex Hortensia, the, 121 and n.³
Liberia, 199 n.⁵
Lithuanians, the, 222.
Loango, market days kept in, 109 sq.;
the thirteenth month considered unlucky in, 177 n.²
Lobengula, a Matabele king, 75 n.²
Lolo, the, 194.
Lono, Hawaiian deity, 13, 15 n.¹, 88.
Lotz, W., 232 n.², 235 n.¹
Luakini, chief temple in the Hawaiian Islands, consecration of a, 11 sqq.
Lu-Bat, the Babylonian term, 213.
Ludi, the Roman, 305 and n.³, 306.
Lumawig, supreme god of the Bontoc Igorot, 47, 48 sq., 88.
Lumingu, 109.
Lunar fortnights, 182 sqq., 239, 255.
—— mansions, the, 202, 274 sq., 294 n.¹
—— weeks, 187 sq., 253 sqq.
Lunation, beginning of the, at full moon, 119 n.³, 186 n.¹;
length of the, 174 n.¹, 178;
division of the, into two fortnights, 182 sqq., 239, 255.
Lushei (Kuki), the, 54 sq.
Luxus sabbatarius, the, 265.
Luzon, 46 sqq., 64, 88, 181.
Macassar, 205.
Macedonia, unlucky days observed in, 222 n.³, 272, 278.
Madagascar, 3, 70, 76, 107 n.², 132 sq., 197, 275 and n.⁴
Madnol, the Toda, 289 sqq.
Madras Presidency, the, 66 sq., 88, 89, 132, 134, 149, 288 sqq.
Magicians, 34, 68, 285, 286 n.¹, 287 sq.
Makahiki, the Hawaiian New Year’s festival, 13 and n.², 15 n.¹, 23 n.¹
Making, ancestral spirits of the Ibaloi Igorot, 49 n.¹
Makololo of British South Africa, 144.
Malabar, 66 sq., 89, 291 sq.
Malagasy, their conception of taboo, 3;
tabooed days observed by the, 70, 76;
the seven-day week of the, 107 n.², 197 and n.²;
their lunar superstitions, 132 sq.;
their lucky and unlucky days, 275, 294 sq.
Malanau of Sarawak, 208.
Malay Peninsula, 64, 105, 204, 286.
Maldive Islands, the, 201.
Mamit, the Babylonian term for taboo, 6, 231.
Mana, magical power, 5, 17, 86.
Manahiki (Humphrey Island), 21.
Mandingo of the Sudan, 132, 141.
Manipur, tabooed days observed in, 49 sqq., 65 sq.
Manitou, 5.
Manyema of Belgian Congo, 108.
Maori of New Zealand, 16 sq., 17 n.², 128, 177 n.¹, 181 n.⁷, 183, 188 and n.¹, 214 n., 285.
Marang, the Garo term for taboo, 54.
March, unlucky days of, in Greek lands, 284.
Marduk, Babylonian god, 214, 229, 232, 241 n.¹
Mariner, William, 18 n.¹
Markets, rise of, 103, 117;
characteristic features of, among semi-civilized peoples, 105, 107, 108.
See also Market days.
Market days, observance of, in New Guinea and Melanesia, 103 sq.;
in Celebes, Sumatra, and Java, 104 sq.;
in Tonkin, Siam, Burma, and Assam, 105 sq., 194 n.³;
in Africa, 106 sqq.;
in Mexico, Central America, Colombia, and Peru, 118 sqq.;
in ancient Rome, 120 sqq.;
restrictions attending, not connected with lunar superstitions, 148.
—— weeks, length of, 117 sq.;
origin of, 118, 148, 187, 193.
See also Market days.
Markheshwan, the eighth month of the Babylonian year, 224 and n.², 297.
Marquesas Islands, the, 15 sq., 16 n.¹
Marriages not celebrated during a tabooed or unlucky period, 67, 80, 81, 137, 171, 209, 263 n.², 273 n.³, 278, 285, 286.
Masai, the seven-day week of the, 197 sq.
Matabele of South Africa, restrictions observed by the king of the, 75 n.²
May, an unlucky month for marriage, 263 n.²
Mayas of Yucatan, 174, 280 sq.
Mbaki. See Nanga.
Mbalolo, 22.
Mbure, the men’s house in the Fiji Islands, 22.
Mechoacan, tabooed days observed after the death of a ruler of, 70 sq.
Medicine, practice of, by the Land Dyak of Borneo, 38 n.⁴
Meinhold, J., 253 n.⁶, 254.
Meithei of Manipur, 54 and n.¹
Mekeo District of British New Guinea, 103.
Melo, a Kayan term for rest day, 32 and n.³, 33, 65 n.⁶
Mendi of Sierra Leone, 148 n.¹
Men’s house, the, 22, 40 and n.²
Menstruation, superstitions relating to, 69 n.², 125;
supposed connection of the moon with, 127 sqq.
Mentawi Islands, the, 43 sq., 44 n.¹, 181.
Mexicans, market days kept by the, 118, 119 and n.¹;
calendar of the, 174, 186 and n.², 279 sq.;
unlucky days of the, 280;
saints’ days observed by the modern, 306.
Miao (Miao-tse), the, 57.
Middle Ages, observance of unlucky days during the, 273, 299 sqq.
Mikir of Assam, 54.
Mindanao, 45 sq.
Mishmi, the, 54 and n.⁵
Mishna, the, 263 sq.
Missionaries, observance of Sunday introduced by, 10 and n.³, 73 n.², 75, 188 n.¹, 209, 210, 295.
Mithra, a Persian deity, 202, 220 and n.³
Mohammed, 175, 206.
Molucca Islands, the, 64 and n.²
Mommsen, Theodor, on the Roman nundinum, 193 n.³
Monday, an unlucky day in Germany, 127 and n.³;
in India, consecrated to Siva, 201;
the first day of the week in Slavic countries, 222;
an unlucky day among the Jews, 274.
Mondunga of Belgian Congo, 117 n.¹
Mongelima of Belgian Congo, 117 n.¹
Mongolia, the Buddhist Sabbath in, 163.
Month, the lunar, 13 n.², 156 n.³, 166, 169, 170, 173 sqq., 226 sqq., 247;
intercalation of a thirteenth, 177 and n.², 224, 247 n.², 276;
beginning of the, 178 sq., 226 sq., 248 sq.;
division of the, by the waxing and waning moon, 182 sqq.;
the sidereal, 274 n.²
Moon, tabooed or unlucky periods observed in connection with changes of the, 14 sq., 20, 32 and n.², 34 and n.¹, 37, 52 n.¹, 60, 88, 131 sqq., 143 sqq., 146 sq., 149 sqq., 224 sq., 233, 241, 246, 256 sqq.;
eclipses of the, marked by taboos, 42, 50 sq., 134 sq.;
supposed deleterious influence of the, 125 sqq.;
associated with impregnation and childbirth, 127 sqq.;
influence of, on the tides, 130;
supposed influence of, on the growth of vegetation, 130 sq.;
doctrine of lunar sympathy, 131 sqq.;
superstitions relating to the interlunium, 136 sqq.;
as the measure of time, 173 sqq.;
day of the new, how calculated, 174 n.¹, 179, 184, 226 sq., 248 sq.;
phases of the, closely observed by savage and barbarous peoples, 180 sqq., 238 sq.;
day of the full, how calculated, 182 n.⁷, 227;
division of the lunation into two periods, 182 sqq., 239, 255;
importance of the, to the early Hebrews, 246 sq.;
Hebrew cult of the, 247, 248 n.¹
See also Full moon, Lunar mansions, and New moon.
Moonshine, supposed noxious influence of, 125 sqq.
Morocco, 70, 83, 258.
Moses, 244 n.³, 261.
Motu of British New Guinea, 26 and n.³
Mpongwe of French Equatorial Africa, their conception of taboo, 3.
Mro, the, 55.
Muhso (Lalu), the, 57, 194 n.³
Mundus patet, 81.
Muppan of Malabar, 66 sq.
Music, astrological notions relating to, 217 and n.²
Muysca of Colombia, market days kept by the, 119 and n.³
Naga of Manipur, tabooed days observed by the, 49 sqq., 65 sq., 134, 234.
Nail-paring, superstitions relating to, 91 n.⁴, 151, 300.
Nakshatra, the Hindu, 275.
Namungba, the Meithei term for taboo, 54.
Na na ai, the Kachin term for rest day, 56.
Nandi of British East Africa, 68 sq., 69 n.², 132, 181 sq., 210.
Nanga, a secret association in Fiji, 23 and n.¹
Nannar, a Babylonian moon-god, 226.
Nannaru, Babylonian name of new-moon day, 226, 239.
Narnaka, inscription of, 240.
Nehemiah, 262.
Nemontemi, the, Mexican epagomenal days, 280 and n.¹
Nepal, 155, 201.
Nestorian Monument, the, 202 and n.³
New Britain, 180.
—— Caledonia, 104 and n.⁴, 180.
—— Georgia, island of, 186 n.¹
—— Hebrides, the, 209.
—— Mexico, 190.
—— South Wales, 128.
—— Zealand, 16 sq., 17 n.², 128, 177 n.¹, 181 n.⁷, 183, 188 and n.¹, 214 n., 285.
New moon, 18 n., 20, 37, 125 and n.³, 132, 133, 136 sq., 140 sqq., 174 n.¹, 179, 180, 181 n.⁷, 184 sq., 186, 187, 226 sqq., 238 sqq., 246, 248 sqq., 253, 254, 255 sq., 260.
New Year’s festival, Hawaiian, 13 and n.², 88;
Maori, 17 n.²;
Fijian, 22 and n.², 23 n.¹;
Kayan, 31;
Balinese, 42 sq.;
Muhso, 57;
Hebrew, 82, 235 n.², 256;
Babylonian, 276 n.²
Ngoma, Akikuyu ancestral spirits, 6.
Nias, island of, 43, 181, 183.
Nicobar Islands, the, 40 sq., 64, 165 and n.², 181.
Nielsen, D., 143 n.¹, 237.
Nigeria (Northern), 116 n.¹, 117 n.¹;
(Southern), 78, 101 n.¹, 111 sq., 182, 187 n.¹
Nine as a symbolic number, 120 n.²
Nineteenth day of the month, observance of the, in Babylonia, 224 and n.³, 232 n.³, 235 n.¹, 257 sq.
Niu, casting the, a Maori method of divination, 17.
Noa, 14.
Nones, the, 120 n.², 170, 171, 185 and n.¹, 305.
Northern Territory of South Australia, 180.
Noumenia, the Greek new-moon day, 169 sq., 184.
Novemdiales feriæ, 99, 120 n.²
Nubattu, the Babylonian, 241 n.¹
Numa, 94 sq., 121 n.¹
Numbers, prejudice against even, 94, 178 n.¹, 185;
symbolism of, 120 n.², 206 sqq.
Nundinæ, Roman market days, 92 n., 94 n.³, 120 sqq.
Nundinum, Roman market week, 120, 122, 193 and n.³, 219.
Nycthemeron, the, 179 n.¹, 218 n.¹
Octad, the, 193 sq.
Odyssey, the, 169, 211.
Ogboni, a Yoruba secret society, 78 n.²
Ogun, a Yoruba god, 114 n.
Omens, Kayan, 28 sq., 31 sq.;
Iban, 33 sq.;
Bontoc Igorot, 48;
Naga, 50 n.¹
Ominous animals, cult of, in Borneo, 27, 28 sq., 32, 34, 59 n.²
Orenda, 5, 86.
Origen, 270.
Ornaments not worn during a tabooed or unlucky period, 63, 65, 67, 70.
Oro, a Slave Coast deity, 78 and n.²
Orunda, the Mpongwe term for taboo, 3.
Osiris, identified with the moon, 129 n.⁶, 168 sq.
Ovid, 245, 263 n.², 266.
Padi, or rice, taboos affecting the cultivation of, in Borneo, 27 sqq., 37, 39 n.²
Paganalia, Roman festival of the, 96 and n.¹
Pagi Islands, the, 43.
Paharia of British Sikkim, 67.
Palolo worm, the, 22 and n.³
Pamali, a Land Dyak term for taboo, 36 sq., 37 n.¹
Pantang, the Malay term for taboo, 27 n.³, 204.
Papyrus Sallier IV, the, 296 and n.¹, 297.
Paraguay, 129.
Parentalia, Roman festival of the, 80, 81 and n.¹, 94 n.²
Parsis, lucky and unlucky days of the, 166 n.¹, 273 n.³
Pasar, Javanese market week, 105, 165 n.¹
Passover, the, 250.
Patani States of the Malay Peninsula, 64, 204.
Patimokkha, the disciplinary and penal code of Buddhism, 157 and n.³, 163 and n.⁵
Paul, St., 269.
Pentad, the, 194 sqq.
Perfumes and unguents not used during a tabooed or unlucky period, 1, 152, 155, 158.
Permantong, a Kayan term for taboo, 27 and n.³
Persians, the seven-day week of the, 201 n.⁴;
lunar mansions of the, 275;
their epagomenal days, 282.
See also Iranians.
Peruvians, market days kept by the, 119 sq.;
the seven-day week unknown to the, 120 n.¹;
their lunar superstitions, 129, 141;
calendar of the, 174, 186, 190.
Petara, Sea Dyak gods, 35 n.², 42 sq.
Pharisees, the, 265, 269.
Philippine Islands, the, 44 sqq., 64, 88.
Philo Judæus, 261 n.⁵, 266.
Phœnicians, the, 212 n.¹, 240.
Pidiu, the Ibaloi Igorot term for taboo, 49 n.¹
Pinches, T. G., on the meaning of shabattum, 237, 238 n.⁴
Pitara. See Petara.
Planetary or astrological week, in India, 200, 292;
in southeastern Asia, 201;
in China, 202 sq.;
in Japan, 203 sq.;
in the Malay Peninsula, 204;
in Sumatra, Java, and Bali, 205;
origin of the, 215 sqq.;
introduction of the, into the Occident, 219;
adopted by Christianity, 220 sq.;
its diffusion in Europe, 221 sq.;
in Afghanistan, 293.
Planets, differentiation of the, from the fixed stars, 213;
identification of the, with deities of the Babylonian pantheon, 214 sq.;
the planetary week, 215 sqq.;
in Mithraism, 220 n.³
Plato, on festival days, 91.
Pleiades calendars, 176 sq., 225 and n.²
Pliny the Younger, 268 n.¹
Plutarch, 264 n.¹, 266.
Plynteria, Athenian festival of the, 92 sq.
Pomali, a Malay term for taboo, 64.
Pompeii, inscriptions from, relating to the planetary week, 219.
Pompey the Great, 216, 266.
Porikh. See Pamali.
Portugal, names of the weekdays in, 221 n.²
Portuguese East Africa, 190.
Posadha, the, in China, 163 n.⁵
Posaha, the Jain, 154 sq.
Poya days, observed in Ceylon, 158, 159 and n.¹
Prascovia, St., 222 n.²
Prayer, nature of Hawaiian, 12 n.²
Pre-animistic sanctions of taboos, 4 sq., 75, 83.
Ptolemy, Greek astronomer, 216.
Puberty, taboos imposed on the attainment of, 7, 69 n.²;
initiation at, among the Fijians, 23 and n.¹, 24;
among the Yao, 125.
Pula, the, 194.
Punän, the term for taboo in the Mentawi Islands, 43 sq.
Punjab, the, 137 sq.
Purim, Hebrew festival of, 276 n.²
Pyramid Texts, the, 166 sq., 281.
Python, cult of the, in Uganda, 146.
Ra, Egyptian god, 258.
Radama I, Malagasy king, 197.
Ratu-mai-Mbulu, a Fijian deity, 21.
Reformation, the, 301, 306.
Reinach, S., 257 n.¹
Rendile of British East Africa, 198 sq.
Rest days, characteristics of primitive, 1;
connection of, with the institution of taboo, 1 sq.;
in Hawaii, 9 sqq., 88, 188, 233, 303;
in the Society Islands and the Marquesas Islands, 15 sq., 16 n.¹;
among the Maori, 16 sq., 17 n.²;
in the Tonga Islands, 18 and n.², 19;
in Samoa, 19 sq.;
in New Guinea, 26 and n.¹;
among the Kayan of Borneo, 27 sqq.;
among the Iban or Sea Dyak, 33 sqq.;
among the Land Dyak, 36 sqq.;
in the Nicobar Islands, 40 sq., 165;
in Bali, 41 sqq.;
in the Mentawi Islands, 43 sq.;
in the Philippines, 44 sqq.;
in Manipur, 49 sqq.;
in Assam, 53 sqq.;
in Burma, 55 sqq.;
among the aborigines of southwestern China, 57 sq., 194;
a characteristic feature of Indo-Chinese culture, 58;
compared with the couvade, 58 sq.;
psychological and sociological aspects of, 59 sq.;
mark critical epochs in the communal life, 60 sq.;
observed after a death, 62 sqq., 84;
observance of, in Africa, during seasons of ghost-riddance and demon-riddance, 74 sqq.;
observed in connection with the proceedings of west African secret societies, 77 sq.;
the Greek ἀποφράδες ἡμέραι as, 79 sq., 84, 92 sq., 139 sq.;
the Roman dies religiosi as, 80 sq., 84, 93 sq., 170 sq., 273;
the Hebrew Day of Atonement and Feast of Trumpets as, 81 sqq.;
the Mohammedan Feast of Sacrifices, 83;
festivals observed as, 85 sqq.;
among the Dravidian peoples of India, 88 sqq.;
the Hebrew Day of First-fruits, 90 sq.;
Greek festivals as, 91 sqq., 169 sq., 211 sq., 304;
Roman festivals as, 93 sqq., 121 sq., 170, 304 sqq.;
observed in connection with agricultural operations, 101 and n.¹, 102;
market days as, 103 sq., 104 n., 109 sqq., 118, 119 sqq.;
observed in connection with the waning moon, 131 sqq.;
observed during lunar eclipses, 134 sq.;
observed during the interlunium, 136 sqq.;
observed at changes of the moon, 143;
lunar days as, in Africa, 144 sqq.;
lunar taboos in modern India, 148 sq.;
the ancient Aryan upavasatha as a Sabbath, 149 sqq.;
sabbatarian character of lunar days in Brahmanism, 151 sqq.;
the Jain posaha, 154 sq.;
the Buddhist Sabbath, or uposatha, 155 sqq.;
diffusion of the Buddhist Sabbath, 158 sqq.;
new moon and full moon as, among the Greeks and Romans, 169 sq.;
the dies postriduani, 170 sq.;
in Madagascar and eastern Africa, 197 sqq.;
of the American Indians, 197 n.¹, 303 n.³;
not observed by the Chinese, 203 and n.¹, 303 sq.;
in Japan, 203 sq.;
not observed by the Javanese, 205 n.⁴;
in Islam, 205 sq.;
seventh days observed as, 208 sqq.;
in Christianity, 220 sqq., 269 sqq., 306 sqq.;
in Mithraism, 220 n.³;
the Babylonian “evil days” as, 223, 232 sqq., 235 n.¹, 236, 241, 254;
the Hebrew Sabbath, 242 sqq.;
the Christian Sunday, 267 sqq.;
unlucky days observed as, 272 sqq.;
social and economic significance of, 302 sqq.
Rex sacrorum, the Roman, 97, 170.
Rig-Veda, the, 177 n.², 276, 277.
Rivers, W. H. R., on the lunar superstitions of the Toda, 132;
on their sacred days, 288 sqq.
Roman Church, names of the weekdays in the calendar of the, 221 n.²
Romance countries, names of the weekdays in, 221 and n.²
Romans, ancient, unlucky days of the, 80 and n.², 81, 84, 93 sq., 94 n.², 170 sq., 171 n.³, 273;
festivals of the, 80 sq., 93 sqq., 121 sqq., 170, 304 sqq.;
their market week and market days, 92 n., 94 n.³, 120 sqq., 193 and n.³, 219;
their lunar calendar, 170, 184 sq.
Romulus, 94, 121, 177 n.¹
Rongker, the Mikir term for rest day, 54.
Roro-speaking peoples of British New Guinea, 26.
Russia, Friday an unlucky day in, 222 n.²;
saints’ days observed in, 307.
Sabbatarian regulations, penalties for disobedience of, 10, 20, 46 sq., 113, 160, 161, 261 sq., 290;
how evaded, 264, 289 sq., 293 n.³
Sabbath, the Hebrew, 10 n.⁴, 91, 96 n.¹, 98 n.⁴, 104 n., 109, 122, 148, 179 n.¹, 235, 236 and n., 242 sqq., 291 sq., 304.
—— Day’s journey, length of a, 251 n.⁵, 264.
Sabbatical Year, the Hebrew, 236 n., 260 sqq.
Sacer, the Latin term for taboo, 3 and n.⁵
Saints’ days, observance of, 306 sq.
Samoa, village deities of, 19 sq.;
tabooed days observed in, 19 sq., 24.
Sanhedrin, the, 247 n.², 248.
Sansculottides, the, 283.
Saoria of Bengal, 137.
Sarawak, 27 sqq., 33 sqq., 65, 208.
Sarhul, a Uraon festival, 89.
Sarpanit, Babylonian goddess, 241 n.¹
Saturday, an unlucky day, 92 n., 201, 222 n.³, 244 n.³, 245;
names applied to, 188 n.¹, 221, 222 and n.²;
change from, to Sunday, as the first day of the planetary week, 220 sq., 268;
Saturn’s Day and, 243 sqq.;
ecclesiastical recognition of, as a holy day, 269 and n.⁴
Saturn, supposed consecration of the nundinæ to, 122 n.²;
the planet, 213, 243 sqq.
See also Saturday.
Sayce, A. H., on the khamushtu, 195 n.²
Scapegoat, the Hebrew, 81 sqq.
Schiaparelli, G., 213, 235 n.¹, 261 n.³
Scotland, abstinence from work after a death observed in, 74;
lunar superstitions in, 133;
observance of Saturday in, 270 n.;
unlucky days observed in, 279.
Sea Dyak. See Iban.
Seclusion necessary during a tabooed or unlucky period, 1, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 22, 26, 28 sq., 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 53, 56, 58 sq., 64, 65, 69 n.², 71, 74, 78, 115 n.⁴, 147, 232 sq., 257, 280, 295, 296, 297.
See also Strangers, exclusion of.
Secret societies, in Fiji, 23 and n.¹, 24;
in west Africa, 77 sq., 111.
Selene, 130, 139 sq.
Seligmann, C. G., 26 n.³, 101 n.¹
Seminoles of Florida, 71.
Sepi, the Balinese term for rest day, 42.
Sequani of Gaul, 186 n.¹
Servius Tullius, 121.
Seven, as a symbolic number, 208 sqq., 225 and n.², 229 sqq.
Seven-day week, the, in New Caledonia, 104 and n.⁴;
in the island of Bali, 105;
in the Malay Peninsula, 105, 204;
among the Guinea and Sudanese negroes, 115 sqq., 199;
not known to the Peruvians, 120 n.¹;
in Sumatra, 180;
in New Zealand, 188 n.¹;
in Indo-China, 189;
unknown to the Egyptians, 191 n.¹, 245 sq.;
Abyssinian, 194 n.¹;
origin and diffusion of the, 196 sq.;
in Madagascar and eastern Africa, 197 sq.;
in India, 199 sqq., 292;
in southeastern Asia, 201;
in central and northern Asia, 201 n.⁴;
in China, 202 sq.;
in Japan, 203 sq.;
in the Malay Archipelago, 204 sq.;
of the Arabs, 205 sq.;
the planetary or astrological, 215 sqq.;
in Babylonia, 224 sq., 227 sqq., 253 sq.;
of the Hebrews, 253 sqq.;
of the early Christians, 267;
of the Toda, 292;
in Afghanistan, 293.
See also Planetary or astrological week.
Seventh day, the, 205, 208 sqq., 224, 232 sq., 243, 244 n.³, 299.
Sexual intercourse, prohibited during a tabooed or unlucky period, 10, 15, 39 and n.², 58, 110, 134, 146, 151, 152, 155, 158, 233, 296 sq., 298;
effect of illicit, on the crops, 36 n.
Shabattum, Babylonian name of full-moon day, 81 n.³, 235 sqq., 251.
Shabbāth, original meaning of the Hebrew term, 251, 252, 253;
used in the general sense of “week,” 253 n.²
—— shabbāthôn, the Hebrew, 81 and n.³, 82, 251, 260.
Shabbāthôn, the Hebrew, 235 and n.²
Shabbti, Jewish designation of the planet Saturn, 244.
Shamash, Babylonian sun-god, 239.
Shan of Burma, 105 sq.
Shaving, superstitions relating to, 92 n.
Shib’a, Jewish period of strict mourning after a death, 74.
Shropshire, 279.
Siam, tabooed days observed in, 66;
market days kept in, 105, 194 n.³;
the Buddhist Sabbath in, 161 sq.;
bipartite division of the month employed in, 184;
the seven-day week in, 201.
Siberia, 73 sq., 126, 132, 201 n.⁴
Sickness, taboos imposed in connection with, 24, 25, 34 sq., 36, 38, 39, 42, 43 sqq., 51, 60.
Sierra Leone, 148 n.¹
Sikkim, 67.
Silence observed during a tabooed or unlucky period, 1, 9 sq., 11, 12 and n.², 14, 16 n.¹, 20, 21, 22, 26, 41, 42, 44, 62, 67, 77, 151, 278, 297.
Sin, a Babylonian moon-god, 126, 129, 139, 226, 228 sq., 239, 240, 248 n.¹
Sinaugolo of British New Guinea, a division of time formerly observed by the, 101 n.¹
Singer, Jacob, 249 n.³
Slave Coast of west Africa, 77 sq., 112, 113 sq., 187.
Slavic peoples, names of the weekdays among, 222.
Smith, H. P., 249 n.³
Smith, W. R., 4 n., 86 n.¹, 252.
Society Islands, the, 9, 15 sq., 181 n.⁷
Sofalese of Portuguese East Africa, 190 and n.²
Solevu ni vilavou, a Fijian New Year’s festival, 23 n.¹
Soma, the intoxicating juice of the moon-plant, 150 sq., 158 n.¹
Somali, the, 199, 210.
South Australia, 180.
Soyáluña, a Hopi Indian festival, 303 n.³
Spartans, religious scruples of the, 133 n.³
Spencer, John, on the origin of the Sabbath in Egypt, 245.
Spirits. See Demons.
Strabo, on festival days, 85.
Strangers, exclusion of, during a tabooed or unlucky period, 1, 20, 24, 27, 29 sq., 35, 36, 37, 39 n.¹, 42 sq., 44, 45 sq., 49 n.¹, 50, 55, 56, 57 and n.², 66.
Stseelis of British Columbia, 197 n.¹
Subanu of Mindanao, 45 sq.
Sudan, the, 69 n.², 116 n.¹, 132, 141.
Sulla, 100.
Sumatra, 104 sq., 180 sq., 183, 204 sq., 214 n., 285 sq.
Sun, worship of the, in modern India, 153 sq.
Sunday, observance of, by native converts to Christianity, 10 and n.³, 73 n.², 75, 114 n., 188 n.¹, 209, 210, 295;
an unlucky day, 92 n., 137, 201;
legislation of Constantine relating to, 122 sq., 220;
markets held on, during the Middle Ages, 123 and n.²;
in Siam, 162;
in India, 200 n.³, 201;
among the Lao, 201;
in China, 202 and n.³;
in Japan, 203 sq.;
becomes the first day of the planetary week, 220 sq., 268;
how named by the early Christians, 267 and n.³;
how observed by the early Christians, 267 sq.;
comes to be regarded as a rest day, 269 sqq.
—— legislation, 122 sq., 270 sq.
Sundyak. See Dusun.
Superstition, sociological aspects of, 63 n.², 302, 307 sq.
Sutta Nipâta, the, 157.
Swaheli of German East Africa, 76, 197.
Tabernacles, Hebrew Feast of, 236 n., 250, 251.
Taboo, derivation of the word, 2;
ideas involved in, 2 sq.;
definition of, 3;
conception of, widely diffused, ib.;
how classified, 4;
pre-animistic character of, 4 sq.;
supported by animistic sanctions, 5 sq.;
conceptions of abstinence and propitiation involved in, 6 sq.;
social aspects of, 7, 25, 38 sq., 59 sq., 95;
holiness and, 86 and n.¹
Tabu, the Polynesian conception of, 2 and n.²;
compared with the Hebrew conception, 10 n.⁴;
compared with the Babylonian mamit, 231.
Tacitus, on the origin of the Sabbath, 245 n.³
Tahiti, observance of Sunday in, 10.
Tambo nalanga, a Fijian New Year’s festival, 22 and n.²
Tambu, the Melanesian term for taboo, 3.
Ṭāmē, the Hebrew term for taboo, 4 n.
Tamil-speaking peoples of southern India, village festivals of the, 89 sq.
Tapu. See Tabu.
Tarentum, festivals of ancient, 304.
Tashi Lama, tabooed days observed after the death of the, 67.
Tatars, the, 132.
Tattooing, superstitions relating to, 53 n.²
Telugu-speaking peoples of southern India, village festivals of the, 89 sq.
Tenasserim, 161 n.¹
Tengao (tengau), the Bontoc Igorot term for rest day, 46 and n.², 88.
Tengau. See Tengao.
Tertullian, on the proper observance of Sunday, 268 n.³, 269, 270 and n.¹
Thahu, the Akikuyu term for taboo, 6.
Thessaly, unlucky days observed in, 222 n.³
Thor, 221 n.³
Thothmes III, inscription of, 167 sq.
Thursday, observance of, as a holy day, 221 n.³
Tiberius, Roman emperor, 305.
Tibet, tabooed days observed in, 67;
the Buddhist Sabbath in, 162 sq.;
the seven-day week in, 201;
unlucky days observed in, 287 sq.
Tibullus, 244 sq., 266.
Tides, influence of the moon on the, 130.
Timor, island of, 63.
Tippera, the, 55.
Titi Usi, Samoan village deity, 20.
Toda of the Madras Presidency, beliefs of, relating to the moon, 132, 134;
their reckoning of the lunation, 179;
their sacred days, 288 sqq.
Tofoke of Belgian Congo, 190.
Togo, 114 and n.³, 115, 182.
Toh, the Kayan spirits, 6.
Tonga Islands, the, 18 and n.², 19.
Tonkin, 105, 189.
Tooitonga, Tonga divine chief, 18, 19.
Torres Straits, islands of, 128 and n.²
Toy, C. H., on the meaning of shabattum, 238.
Trading not allowed during a tabooed or unlucky period, 42, 43, 67, 71, 151, 155, 159, 300.
Travel prohibited during a tabooed or unlucky period, 7, 20, 21, 26, 49 n.¹, 64, 68, 83, 115 n.⁴, 136, 151, 171, 190 n.⁴, 198, 201, 210, 232, 233, 241 n.¹, 273 n.³, 275, 285, 289, 293, 297, 298, 301.
Trumpets, Hebrew Feast of, 82.
Tshi-speaking peoples of the Gold Coast, tabooed days observed by the, 112, 113, 115;
their lunar weeks, 187 and n.²;
unlucky days of the, 272.
Tuesday, an unlucky day, 201, 272 and n.²;
a lucky day, 273 sq.
Tuhoe of New Zealand, beliefs of the, relating to the moon, 128.
Tui Tokelau, Polynesian divinity, 20 sq.
Tullus Hostilius, Roman king, 99.
Tungthu of Tenasserim, 161 n.¹
Twelve Days, the, of the early Aryans, 276 sq.;
in European folklore, 277 sqq.
Ubone, or duty days, observed in Burma, 159 sqq., 161 n.¹
Ucharal, a festival celebrated in Malabar, 89.
Uganda, 69 sq., 75 sq., 129, 145 sqq., 147 n.³
Ûm nûkh libbi, 236, 241.
Union Islands, the, 20 sq.
United States, the, lunar superstitions in, 127, 140 n.³
Unleavened Bread, Hebrew Feast of, 179 n.¹, 250, 251.
Unlucky days, of the ancient Greeks, 79 and n.³, 80 and n.¹, 84, 92 sq., 139 and n.³, 140;
of the ancient Romans, 80 sq., 84, 93 sq., 170 sq., 273;
African, 111 n.³, 190 n.², 190 n.³, 272;
German, 127, 278 sq.;
in Ceylon, 159 n.¹;
in the Malay Peninsula, 162 n.⁴, 286;
Persian, 166 n.¹, 282;
Malagasy, 197 n.², 275, 294 sq.;
Hindu, 201, 275;
Russian, 222 n.²;
modern Greek, 222 n.³, 272 n.², 284 sq.;
Babylonian, 241 n.¹, 297 sq.;
Egyptian, 258, 282, 295 sqq., 304;
Hebrew, 263 and n.²;
origin of beliefs in, 272, 274, 276, 283;
Macedonian, 272, 273 n.³, 278, 284 and n.¹;
mediæval superstitions concerning, 273, 299 sqq.;
Burmese, 273 n.³, 302;
Abyssinian, 276 n.;
in the British Isles, 279;
Mexican, 279 sq.;
Maya, 280 sq.;
Maori, 285;
in Sumatra, 285 sq.;
Chinese, 286 sq.;
Korean, 287;
Japanese, ib.;
Tibetan, 287 sq.;
Toda, 290 sq.;
of the Siah Posh Kafirs, 293 sq.;
in the Hesiodic calendar, 298 sq.;
social and economic aspects of, 302 sqq.
Upavasatha, observance of the, in ancient India, 149 sqq., 156.
Uposatha, the Buddhist Sabbath, 155 sqq.;
diffusion of the, in southeastern Asia, 158 sqq.
Ur, city of, 239.
Uraon of Bengal, 88 sq.
Veblen, Thorstein, on sacred holidays, 87 n.¹
Vedas, the, not to be read on certain occasions, 152 sq.
Venus, the planet, 205, 213, 214 n.¹, 243.
Vergil, on Roman holy days, 98;
his calendar of lucky and unlucky days, 299 n.²
Vespasian, Roman emperor, 245.
Vestalia, Roman festival of the, 92 n., 93 sq.
Vey of Liberia, 199 n.⁵
Victoria, 180.
Village gods, Samoan, 19 and n.¹, 20.
Vishaptatha, 166 n.
Vishnu Purana, the, 151 sq., 152.
Wa, the Wild, 57.
Wachaga of German East Africa, 107, 209.
Wagiriama of British East Africa, 107 and n.², 136 and n.³, 189 sq., 209.
Wahuma. See Bahima.
Wakanda, 5.
Wales, unlucky days observed in, 279.
Wanika of British East Africa, 107.
Wan phra, the Siamese Sabbath, 161 sq.
Warfare not engaged in during a tabooed or unlucky period, 21, 22, 33, 34, 80, 81, 132, 133 and n.³, 137, 171, 209, 303.
Wasania of British East Africa, 134, 209.
Wednesday, an unlucky day, 92 n.
Weekdays, names of the, in Java, 105;
in Africa, 109, 111, 112, 113 n.⁶, 115 n.²;
in New Zealand, 188 n.¹;
of the planetary sequence, 219;
in European languages, 221 sq.;
among the early Christians, 267 and n.³
Weeks, three-day, 103 sq., 105, 107, 108, 110, 119 and n.³;
four-day, 105, 106 sq., 108, 109 sq., 111 sq., 114 and n.², 116 n.¹, 119 n.³;
five-day, 103, 104, 105 sq., 108, 110, 112 n.¹, 113 and n.⁶, 114 and n.³, 116 n.¹, 118 sq., 165 n.¹, 187 and n.², 194 sqq.;
six-day, 114 and n.², 115 n., 116 n.¹, 194;
seven-day, 104 and n.⁴, 105, 115 sqq., 120 n.¹, 122, 180, 187 and n.², 189, 194 n.¹, 196 sq., 197 sqq., 199 n.⁵, 215 sqq., 224 sq., 227 sqq., 253 sqq., 267;
eight-day, 106, 109, 110, 111, 112 n.¹, 119 n.³, 120 sqq., 193 sq.;
nine-day, 116 n.¹, 192, 193 and n.²;
ten-day, 110, 119 sq., 188 sqq.
See also Lunar weeks and Market weeks.
Wellhausen, Julius, 82 n.², 252.
Westermarck, Edward, 259.
White, the colour appropriate for sacred days observed on the Gold Coast, 112 and n.²
Winckler, Hugo, on the khamushtu, 195 n.²
Women, restrictions on, during a tabooed or unlucky period, 15, 22, 41, 78, 83, 89, 115 n.⁴, 194.
Ya, the Arakanese term for rest day, 55.
Yabim of German New Guinea, 57 n.¹
Yakut of Siberia, 74.
Yap, island of, 24 sq., 189.
Year, the lunar, 13 n.², 82 n.², 174, 175, 176 sqq., 226, 247 n.²;
beginning of the new, 75;
the solar, 82 n.², 166, 174, 177 sq., 247 n.², 279 sqq.
Yoruba-speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, tabooed days observed by the, 77 sq., 112, 113 sq.;
their lunar weeks, 187 and n.²
Yucatan, 174, 280 sq.
Yuchi Indians, the, 101 n.¹
Yukaghir of Siberia, 201 n.⁴
Zagmuk, Babylonian festival of, 276 n.²
Zimmern, H., 237, 238 n.⁴, 252 n.⁶
Zulu of British South Africa, 67 sq., 137, 144.
Zuñi Indians of New Mexico, 190 and n.⁶, 211 n.¹
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