I. Agriculture and Landholding at the Time of the Discovery and Conquest
Reading edition
Agriculture.
Live stock.
Land holding.
Notes in this chapter
Note 1 · “Historia General de Filipinas,” Jose Montero y Vidal, Vol. 1, p. 66.Note 2 · “Purposely introduced species comprise those of various other tropical countries that, for reason of their economic importance, have been inNote 3 · “If we exclude the abacá plant (Musa textilis Née) and the various trees yielding timbers, gums, and resins, a few palms, some bamboos, the Note 4 · Sucesos de las Islas Filipinos, Antonio de Morga, Chap. 8. In Blair and Robertson Vol. 16, p. 87. “Instead of olives and other pickled fruitNote 5 · Merrill: Flora of Manila.Note 6 · However, both Dr. Tavera (Census of the Philippine Islands, Vol. I, p. 329), and Montero y Vidal (Historia General de Filipinas, Vol. I, p. Note 7 · The American element in the Philippine flora is of peculiar interest as showing the effect of commerce on the vegetation of a country. Even Note 8 · On the whole, agriculture was not the chief aim of Spanish colonization. “How little attention, on the whole, the conquistadores directed toNote 9 · Montero y Vidal, “Historia General de Filipinas,” Vol. I, p. 67.Note 10 · “Beef is eaten, cattle being raised abundantly in stockfarms in many different parts of the islands. The cattle are bred from those of ChinaNote 11 · “The islands, as I am told, need stallions, mares and cows, and other domestic animals. In order that they may be bred there in numbers, I aNote 12 · “There are plenty of fowls like those of Castilla, and others very large, which are bred from fowls brought from China. They are very palataNote 13 · “The material surroundings of the Filipino before the arrival of the Spaniards were in nearly every way quite as they are today. The “centerNote 14 · “The planters keep working the soil almost as they used to do three centuries ago.” Memoria sobre los Montes de Filipinas, Sebastian Vidal yNote 15 · Antonio de Morga, “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas,” chap. 8. Rival’s note to this says: This work, although not laborious, is generally perfNote 16 · “The lands which they inhabited were divided among the whole barangay, especially the irrigated portion, and thus each one knew his own.” CuNote 17 · See Chapter II, as to evidences of prosperity of the Filipinos at the time of the coming of the Spaniards. Caing̃in system described: “They Note 18 · “Customs of the Tagalogs,” Juan de Plasencia: “* * * * The lands on the ‘tingues’ or mountain-ridges, are not divided, but owned in common bNote 19 · Expedition of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos. (Résumé of Contemporaneous Documents, Talavera, July 6, 1541.—Bl. and Rb., Vol. 2, p. 54.)Note 20 · The origin of the encomienda “was in the REPARTIMIENTO, which at first (1497) meant a grant of lands in a conquered country; it was soon extNote 21 · “According to the constitutional law of the Indies the land and the soil in all colonies were the domain of the king; therefore the encomienNote 22 · “Let such allotments be made without prejudice to the natives, retaining for them their arable lands, gardens, and pastures, so that all shaNote 23 · On July 25, 1609, Don Miguel Banal, a Filipino chief of Quiapo, sent a petition to the King, for redress against what he considered a usurpaNote 24 · At the time of the arrival of the Spaniards, agriculture in the Philippines was in a comparatively prosperous condition.1 The Filipinos cultNote 25 · With the coming of the Spaniards, very many plants which are commonly considered to be indigenous in this country, were introduced.5 The mosNote 26 · The Filipinos at the time of discovery had domestic animals, dogs, cats, pigs, goats and buffaloes, i.e. carabaos.9 “There were no horses, mNote 27 · The Kings of Spain in their instructions to the governors-general of the Philippines were solicitous about this matter of supplying this couNote 28 · It has been truly said that the Filipino has been affected by the centuries of Spanish sovereignty far less on his material side than he hasNote 29 · The lands of the ancient Filipinos were divided among the whole barangay, so that each one had his holding and no resident of one barangay wNote 30 · With the coming of the Spaniards, lands were assigned to the colonists, of which they were to have perpetual ownership after four years’ res