Part 1 — Charles Wolfe.
Reading edition
The Reverend Charles Wolfe, who was born in Dublin in 1791, has earned literary immortality by one short poem, and that copied with considerable closeness from a prose account of the incident to which it refers. Reading in the Edinburgh Annual Register a description of the death and burial of Sir John Moore, the young poet turned it into verse with such sublime pathos, such taste and skill, that his poem has obtained imperishable fame in our literature.
Mr. Wolfe also produced a few other poems of unquestionable grace and pathos, but nothing approaching the beauty of his immortal ode. He was, for a time, curate of Ballyclog, in Tyrone, and afterwards of Donoughmore. His arduous duties in a large, wild, and very scattered parish left him little leisure to cultivate the muses, and soon told on his delicate constitution. He died of consumption on 21st February, 1823, at the early age of 32, and thus the assertion of his detractors that he produced nothing else of sufficient merit to show that he could have written the ode in question, may be easily met by the two pleas—firstly, that he had other duties to perform; and, secondly, that his career was too brief to admit of many, or great, performances.
The battle of Corunna was fought on January 16, 1809, by the British army, about 15,000 strong, under Sir John Moore, against a force of about 20,000 Frenchmen.
The British troops had just safely accomplished a retreat to the coast in the face of a superior force, and were on the point of embarking, when the French attacked; the enemy was repulsed, but the British loss was very great, and Sir John Moore, who was struck on the left shoulder by a cannon ball, died, much lamented by his troops. His body was removed at midnight to the citadel of Corunna, and a grave was dug for him on the ramparts by a party of the 9th Regiment. No coffin could be procured, and the officers of his staff wrapped the body, dressed as it was, in a military cloak and blankets. The interment was hastened, for firing was heard, and the officers feared that if a serious attack were made, they should be ordered away, and not allowed to pay him their last duty. The embarkation of the troops took place next day, under the command of Sir David Baird, who had also been wounded in the fight.
The following is what Lord Byron correctly termed, "The most perfect Ode in the language":—
THE BURIAL OF SIR JOHN MOORE.
'The following lines were written by a Student of Trinity College, on reading the affecting account of the Burial of Sir John Moore, in the Edinburgh Annual Register':—
Not a drum was heard, not a funeral note, As his corpse to the rampart we hurried; Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot O'er the grave where our hero we buried. We buried him darkly at dead of night, The sods with our bayonets turning. By the struggling moonbeam's misty light, And the lantern dimly burning. No useless coffin enclosed his breast, Not in sheet or in shroud we wound him; But he lay like a warrior taking his rest, With his martial cloak around him. Few and short were the prayers we said, And we spoke not a word of sorrow; But we steadfastly gazed on the face that was dead, And we bitterly thought of the morrow. We thought, as we hollowed his narrow bed, And smoothed down his lonely pillow, That the foe and the stranger would tread o'er his head, And we far away on the billow! Lightly they'll talk of the spirit that's gone, And o'er his cold ashes upbraid him— But little he'll reck, if they let him sleep on In the grave where a Briton has laid him. But half of our heavy task was done, When the clock struck the hour for retiring; And we heard the distant and random gun That the foe was sullenly firing. Slowly and sadly we laid him down, From the field of his fame fresh and gory; We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone— But we left him alone with his glory!
The ode was first published in Currick's Morning Post (Ireland) in 1815, with the signature "W. C.," and the Rev. J. A. Russell, in his "Remains of C. Wolfe" (London, 1829), states that a letter is preserved in the Royal Irish Academy, addressed by the Rev. C. Wolfe to John Taylor, Esq., at the Rev. Mr. Armstrong's Clononty, Cashel, in which he says:—"I have completed the 'Burial of Sir John Moore,' and will here inflict it upon you." This letter bears the post mark "September 9, 1816."
Yet although the poem was quickly copied into all the newspapers, and at once became widely popular, its authorship long remained the subject of controversy. By some it was ascribed to Lord Byron, whilst Shelley was inclined to name Thomas Campbell as its author. In 1841, long after the death of Wolfe, it was dishonestly claimed by a Scotch teacher, Mr. Macintosh, who ungenerously sought to pluck the laurel from the grave of its owner.
The friends of Wolfe came forward, and established his right to the poem; the impostor was compelled to withdraw his claim, and apologise for his misconduct.
Of the numerous claims to the authorship of these lines the most striking was that advanced by the Rev. Francis Mahony ("Father Prout") in "Bentley's Miscellany," Vol. 1, p. 96, 1837:—
"The Rev. Mr. Wolfe is supposed to be the author of a single poem, unparalleled in the English language for all the qualities of a true lyric, breathing the purest spirit of the antique, and setting criticism completely at defiance. I say supposed, for the gentleman himself never claimed its authorship during his short and unobtrusive lifetime. He who could write the "Funeral of Sir John Moore" must have eclipsed all the lyric poets of this latter age by the fervour and brilliancy of his powers. Do the other writings of Mr. Wolfe bear any trace of inspiration? None.
"I fear we must look elsewhere for the origin of those beautiful lines; and I think I can put the public on the right scent. In 1749, Colonel de Beaumanoir, a native of Brittany, having raised a regiment in his own neighbourhood, went out with it to India, in that unfortunate expedition, commanded by Lally-Tolendal, the failure of which eventually lost to the French their possessions in Hindostan. The colonel was killed in defending against the forces of Coote, PONDICHERRY, the last stronghold of the French in that hemisphere.
"He was buried that night on the north bastion of the fortress by a few faithful followers, and the next day the fleet sailed with the remainder of the garrison for Europe. In the appendix to the "Memoirs of LALLY-TOLENDAL" by his son, the following lines occur, which bear some resemblance to those attributed to Wolfe. Perhaps Wolfe Tone may have communicated them to his relative, the clergyman, on his return from France. Fides sit penes lectorem."
PADRE PROUT.
LES FUNÉRAILLES DE BEAUMANOIR.
(The Original of "Not a drum was heard.")
I. Ni le son du tambour ... ni la marche funèbre ... Ni le feu des soldats ... ne marqua son départ. Mais du BRAVE, à la hâte, à travers les ténèbres, Mornes ... nous portâmes le cadavre au rempart! II. De minuit c'était l'heure, et solitaire et sombre— La lune à peine offrait un débile-rayon: La lanterne luisait péniblement dans l'ombre, Quand de la bayonnette on creusa le gazon. III. D'inutile cercueil ni de drap funéraire Nous ne daignâmes point entourer le HEROS; Il gisait dans les plis du manteau militaire Comme un guerrier qui dort son heure de repos. IV. La prière qu'on fit fut de courte durée: Nul ne parla de deuil, bien que le cœur fut plein! Mais on fixait du MORT la figure adorée ... Mais avec amertume on songeait au demain. V. Au demain! quand ici ou sa fosse s'apprête, Ou son humide lit on dresse avec sanglots, L'ennemi orgueilleux marchera sur sa tête, Et nous, ses vétérans, serons loin sur les flots! VI. Ils terniront sa gloire ... on pourra les entendre Nommer l'illustre MORT d'un ton amer ... ou fol; Il les laissera dire.—Eh! qu'importe A SA CENDRE, Que la main d'un BRETON a confiée au sol? VII. L'œuvre durait encore, quand retentit la cloche Au sommet du Befroi:—et le canon lointain, Tiré par intervalle, en annonçant l'approche, Signalait la fierté de l'ennemi hautain. VIII. Et dans sa fosse alors le mîmes lentement ... Près du champ où sa gloire a été consommée: Ne mîmes à l'endroit pierre ni monument Le laissant seul à seul avec sa Renommée!
This "Father Prout," whom Mr. G. A. Sala terms "the wittiest pedant, the most pedantic wit, and the oddest fish he ever met with," was well known as an inveterate jester, as well as an accomplished linguist, so that the above effusion did not deceive his associates, especially as the documents referred to in it, as evidence, had no existence save in the fertile brain of "Father Prout."
In the recent edition of the "Maclise Portrait Gallery," by Mr. William Bates, M.A. (Chatto and Windus, 1883), is an interesting biography of this eccentric genius, in which will be found all that is known about his French imitation of Wolfe's Ode. Mr. Bates truly remarks that, notwithstanding Padre Prout's skill in French versification, there are internal evidences that the poem was not written by a Frenchman, and further that it has the unmistakable air of a translation. Unfortunately, however, the mischief was done, and what Mahony may have intended for a harmless pleasantry, has raised a literary controversy of wide dimensions. His verses were copied into serious French journals, and many well-informed foreigners believe the lines to have originated from a French source. Thus M. Octave Delepierre, in his Essai sur la Parodie (Trübner and Co., London, 1870), seems to have been entirely misled by the hoax. He gives part of the French version, and whilst stating that it is not a settled point, which was first written, he does not mention Father Prout's article, and seems entirely ignorant of the fictitious and humorous origin of the French imitation.
Singularly enough, The Athenæum, of July 1, 1871, in reviewing M. Delepierre's work, fell into the same error, and seriously argued against the French claim, forgetting all about Father Prout.
M. Delepierre's statement is (Essai sur la Parodie, p. 163):—"Lorsqu'elle fut publiée en 1824, elle parut assez belle pour que le Capitaine Medwin suggérat qu'elle était due à la muse de Byron. Sydney Taylor réfuta cette supposition, et restitua l'ode à son véritable auteur, le Rev. Charles Wolfe."
"Ce n'est pas seulement en Angleterre qu'on a discuté la paternité de cette ode célèbre. On trouve à ce sujet toute une discussion littéraire dans le journal L'Intermédiare des Chercheurs et Curieux, 5ᵉ année, page 693, et 6ᵉ année, pages 19 et 106."
"D'après ces détails, il paraîtrait que cette pièce n'est que la traduction d'une ode Française, composée à l'occasion de la mort du Comte de Beaumanoir, tué en 1749, à la défense de Pondichery. L'une de ces deux odes est évidemment une traduction de l'autre; mais quel est l'original?"
The following is the note in the Intermédiare, to which M. Delepierre refers:—
"The well-known verses on the death of Sir John Moore, attributed to the Rev. Charles Wolfe, but never acknowledged by him, are so similar to the above, that it is supposed Mr. Wolfe may have received the French stanzas from his relative, Mr. Wolfe Tone, after his return from France."
The best answer to which is, that the French have never yet produced a genuine and authentic copy of the original version, of a date earlier than that of Wolfe.
The ode has been translated into German (by the Rev. E. C. Hawtrey); into Latin Elegiacs (by the Rev. J. Hildyard); and there is a Greek translation of it "By a Scottish Physician" in the Arundines Devæ (Edinburgh, 1853); there is also a parody of it by the late Mr. J. H. Dixon, which is highly spoken of, but, up till now, this has eluded the editor's researches.
The Rev. R. H. Barham's well known parody in "The Ingoldsby Legends" is especially notable for its close imitation of the original; thus not only is the metre closely followed, but nearly all the lines are made to end with similar rhymes to those in the original.
Barham had a good excuse for this comical effusion, in the wish to expose and ridicule the pretensions of a certain soi-disant "Doctor," a Durham veterinary surgeon of the name of Marshall, on whose behalf a claim had been made, in 1824, for the authorship of the "Ode." But this was afterwards said to have been a mere hoax, as this Marshall was more remarkable for convivial, than literary tastes.
Note.—In the autumn of 1824, Captain Medwin having hinted that certain beautiful lines on the burial of this gallant officer might have been the production of Lord Byron's muse, the late Mr. Sydney Taylor, somewhat indignantly, claimed them for their rightful owner, the late Rev. Charles Wolfe. During the controversy a third claimant started up in the person of a soi-disant "Doctor Marshall," who turned out to be a Durham blacksmith, and his pretensions a hoax. It was then that a certain "Doctor Peppercorn" put forth his pretensions to what he averred was the only "true and original" version, viz.:—
Not a sous had he got, not a guinea or note, And he looked confoundedly flurried, As he bolted away without paying his shot, And the Landlady after him hurried. We saw him again at dead of night, When home from the Club returning, We twigg'd the Doctor beneath the light Of the gas lamp brilliantly burning. All bare, and exposed to the midnight dews, Reclined in the gutter we found him, And he look'd like a gentleman taking a snooze, With his Marshall cloak around him. "The Doctor's as drunk as the d——," we said, And we managed a shutter to borrow; We raised him, and sigh'd at the thought that his head Would consumedly ache on the morrow. We bore him home, and we put him to bed, And we told his wife and his daughter To give him, next morning, a couple of red Herrings, with soda water. Loudly they talk'd of his money that's gone, And his Lady began to upbraid him; But little he reck'd, so they let him snore on 'Neath the counterpane just as we laid him. We tuck'd him in, and had hardly done, When, beneath the window calling, We heard the rough voice of a son-of-a-gun Of a watchman, "One o'clock," bawling. Slowly and sadly we all walk'd down From his room in the uppermost story; A rushlight we placed on the cold hearth-stone, And we left him alone in his glory. Hos ego versiculos feci, tulit alter honores.—Virgil. I wrote the verses, * * claimed them—he told stories. Thomas Ingoldsby.
The following parody is copied literally from an old ballad sheet in the British Museum, bearing the imprint:—"Printed and sold by J. Pitts, 6 Great St. Andrew Street, Seven Dials." No date is given, but that it was prior to 1830 is shown by the reference to the "Charleys," a nick-name for the old London watchmen, who were superseded by the new police towards the end of 1829. But the crimes of Body-snatching, and "Burking," were not finally put a stop to until, by the act of 1832, provision was made for the wants of surgeons by permitting, under certain regulations, the dissection of persons dying in workhouses, etc.:—
NOT a trap was heard, or a Charley's note As our course to the churchyard we hurried, Not a pigman discharg'd a pistol shot As a corpse from the grave we unburied. We nibbled it slily at dead of night, The sod with our pick-axes turning, By the nosing moonbeam's chaffing light, And our lanterns so queerly burning. Few and short were the words we said, And we felt not a bit of sorrow, But we rubb'd with rouge the face of the dead And we thought of the spoil for to-morrow. The useless shroud we tore from his breast And then in regimentals bound him, And he looked like a swoddy taking his rest, With his lobster togs around him. We thought as we fill'd up his narrow bed, Our snatching trick now no look sees; But the bulk and the sexton will find him fled, And we far away towards Brooks's. Largely they'll cheek 'bout the body that's gone And poor Doctor Brooks will upbraid him; But nothing we care if they leave him alone In a place where a snatcher has laid him. But half of our snatching job was o'er, When a pal tipt the sign quick for shuffling, And we heard by the distant hoarse Charley's roar That the beaks would be 'mongst us soon scuffling. Slily and slowly we laid him down, In our cart famed for staching in story; Nicely and neatly we done 'em brown, For we bolted away in our glory.
At the time when the first Reform Bill was under discussion its opponents constantly asserted that, if it were carried, the ancient constitution of the country would be swept away, and that ruin, revolution, and anarchy would result. The following parody appeared in a Liberal newspaper of the period:—
ODE ON THE DEATH AND BURIAL OF THE CONSTITUTION.
"Who will not be alive to the merits of the following verses on the death of the British Constitution, which has been dying for the last four years at least. The lament of the Conservative party over his death and burial abounds in feeling and sentiment worthy of its prototype."
NOT a moan was heard—not a funeral note, As his corpse to the devil they hurried, Not a speaker discharged his farewell shot, O'er the grave where our idol was buried. They buried him darkly at dead of night, With their threats our remonstrance turning, By the struggling Stephen's misty light, In the brazen socket burning. No useless coffin enclosed his breast, In a sheet of parchment they bound him, And he lay with Old Sarum for ever at rest, With schedule A around him. Few and short were the speeches said, And we spoke not a word of sorrow, But we mournfully looked on the face of the dead, And thought of the coming morrow. We thought as they tumbled him into his bed, And laid him at rest on his pillow, That the Radical soon would step over our head, And we be turned out by the bill—oh! Lightly they talk of the spirit that's gone, And o'er his cold ashes upbraid him, But England's destroyed if they let him sleep on, In the grave where Lord Russell has laid him. But half our heavy task was done, When the time came for ending the session, And we heard by the sound of the Tower gun, That the King was now in procession, Slowly and sadly we laid him down, From the further defence of the Tory, We carved not a line on his funeral stone, But we left him alone in his glory.
Figaro in London, 8th September, 1832.
There was another parody of these celebrated lines published just after Mr. John O'Connell had threatened to die on the floor of the House of Commons, a threat which, of course, gave rise to more laughter than dismay:—
LINES, (AFTER WOLFE)
Written on the threatened Death (on the Floor of the House) of John O'Connell.
Not a groan was heard, not a pitying note, As down on the floor he hurried; Not a member offered to lend his coat, Or ask'd how he'd like to be buried We looked at him slily at dead of night, Our backs adroitly turning, That he might not see us laugh outright By the lights so brightly burning. No useless advice we on him press'd, Nor in argument we wound him; But we left him to lie, and take his rest, With his Irish clique around him. Few and short were the speeches made, And we spoke not a word in sorrow; But we thought, as we look'd, though we leave him for dead, He'll be fresh as a lark to-morrow. We thought, we'll be careful where we tread, And avoid him where he's lying; For if we should tumble over his head, 'Twould certainly send us flying. Lightly they'll talk of him when they're gone, And p'rhaps for his folly upbraid him; But little he'll care, and again try it on, Till the Serjeant-at-arms shall have stayed him. But half of us asked, "What's now to be done?" When the time arrived for retiring, And we heard the door-keeper say, "It's no fun Our attendance to watch him requiring." Slowly and softly they shut the door, After Radical, Whig, and Tory; And muttering out, "We'll stop here no more," They left him alone in his glory. Punch, December, 1847.
"GRAVE SENTIT ARATRUM."
"A GRIEVOUS THING HE FEELS IT TO BE PLOUGHED."
He looked glum when he heard, by a friendly note Which, of course, his chum sent in a hurry, That, alas! he had no testamur got; And he felt in a deuce of a flurry. He thought how he'd read at dead of night, The page of Herodotus turning, By the tallow-candle's flickering light, Or the moderator burning. No ruthless coughing arose from his chest, Nor did indigestion wound him; But he said—as the worry was breaking his rest— "That Examiner—confound him!" "What's the odds?" were the words that he said; But he choked not down his sorrow; For he sadly remembered the hopes that were fled, And pictured the "Governor's horror." Then he thought, as he hurled himself into bed, And dashed his head down on the pillow, That his foe, the tailor, would want to be paid, And would quickly be sending his bill, oh! Very likely he thought (now his credit was gone), "Oh! I wish with cold cash I had paid him; But nothing he'll get: I'll be off to Boulogne," And he went, out of Britain to shade him. Just after his heavy sleep, each tone, As the clock struck the hour, was mocking, And he fancied that many a ravenous dun At the oak was sullenly knocking. He cautiously put out his head, and looked down From his room in the second story: He saw but the quad, and its paving of stone; He was all alone,—in his glory (?) JEREMY DIDDLER, Oxford.
College Rhymes (T. & G. Shrimpton), Oxford, 1864.
PARODY ON "THE BURIAL OF SIR JOHN MOORE."
"Not a laugh was heard, not a joyous note, As our friend to the bridal we hurried; Not a wit discharged his farewell shot, As the bachelor went to be married. "We married him quietly to save his fright, Our heads from the sad sight turning; And we sighed as we stood by the lamp's dim light, To think he was not more discerning. "To think that a bachelor free and bright, And shy of the sex as we found him, Should there at the altar, at dead of night, Be caught in the snares that bound him. "Few and short were the words that we said, Though of wine and cake partaking; We escorted him home from the scene of dread, While his knees were awfully shaking. "Slowly and sadly we marched him down, From the first to the lowermost storey; And we never have heard or seen the poor man Whom we left alone in his glory."
These lines appeared in Notes and Queries June 27, 1868, and are said to have been written by Thomas Hood.
THE FLIGHT OF O'NEILL, THE INVADER OF CANADA.
"GENERAL O'NEILL, who, at the head of the Fenian forces recently invaded Canada, seems to combine, together with his love for Ireland, a certain amount of affection for the ordinary enjoyments of life; for one complaint against him is, that the morning of the attack, when awakened at three o'clock by a captain belonging to his quarters, he merely said, "All right!" and fell asleep again. On two subsequent occasions he was awakened with no more practical result, and on being called a fourth time, got up. Even then, however, he declined to proceed at once with the glorious work of liberating Ireland, but said, "He guessed he would wait till breakfast." After breakfast this great patriot advanced at the head of his forces, but being surprised by a party of Canadian Volunteers, who fired upon the Fenians, immediately retired to his quarters, where he was found very comfortably lodged, and was arrested by General Foster, the United States Marshal, for a breach of the neutrality laws."
Not a gun was heard, not a bugle note, As over the border he hurried; He took to his heels without firing a shot, Only looking tremendously flurried. No ridiculous scruples inspired his breast, As over the ground he jolted; Not caring a straw what became of the rest, He unhesitatingly bolted. And snug in his quarters, at dead of night, The Yankee General found him; His bed all ready, his candle alight, And bottles of whisky around him. And when at his door came the clanking and noise, His courage all sank to zero; For, though at the head of the Fenian "bhoys," He wasn't exactly a hero. When the Britishers find that he really is gone, In impotent rage they upbraid him; If Mr. O'NEILL they had laid hands upon At that moment, they surely had flay'd him! Few and short were the words they said— They only expressed their sorrow That they hadn't caught him, and put him to bed Where he wouldn't wake up on the morrow. But safe in New York, under FOSTER'S convoy, He has gone to tell his own story; Where "shut up" very much, this broth of a boy Is at present alone in his glory! Judy, 22nd June, 1870.
"RUNNING HIM IN."
By a Good Templar in the Force.
A groan was heard, like a funeral note, From a toper in mud half-buried, And our Serjeant "Drunk and incapable" wrote, When his form to the station we hurried. We hurried him swiftly at dead of night, And oft with our truncheons spurning, Under many a gas-lamp's flickering light, Through alley and crooked turning. In rags and tatters the toper was dressed, For in poverty drink had bound him. And he lay like a pig in a gutter at rest, With little pigs squeaking around him. We lifted him up, but he fell as one dead, And we tumbled him into a barrow; And the idle spectators shouted and said, "He'll be fined, with a caution, to-morrow!" Lightly they talk of the spirit that's gone, And o'er empty bottles upbraid him; But little he'll reck, as they let him sleep on In the cell where the constables laid him. No curtains had he to his lonely bed, And a rough deal plank was his pillow; He will wake with parched throat and an aching head, And thirst that would drink up a billow. Roughly, yet sadly, we laid him down, That toper, worn, haggard, and hoary, And wished that the dissolute youth of the town A warning might take from his story. Funny Folks.
THE MURDER OF "MACBETH."
Not a hiss was heard, not an angry yell, Though of both 'twas surely deserving— When, cruelly murdered, Macbeth fell By the hand of the eminent Irving. He murdered him, lengthily, that night, With his new and original reading. Till his efforts left him in sorry plight, And the sweat on his brow was bleeding. Five different garments enclosed his breast, Five brand-new dresses were found him, Though in never a one did he look at rest, Though the people might sleep around him. Many and long were the words he said, Till we wished in fervent sorrow, We could only get home to our welcome bed, And we vowed not to come on the morrow. We thought as he quivered, and gasped, and strode, And made us long for our pillow, That a taste of his tragic genius he owed To our cousins far over the billow. Even there, though his fame before has gone; He may find it melt in a minute; But little he'll reck, if they let him act on In a play with a murderer in it. But half the heavy play was o'er When we seized the chance for retiring, And left him grovelling about on the floor, With his friends all madly admiring. Sadly we thought as we went away, From his acting so dreary and gory, That the eminent I, if he's wise will not play, Macbeth any more, if for glory. The Figaro, 16th October, 1875.
This critic, who left the theatre before the tragedy was half over, was, of course, eminently qualified to point out the shortcomings of Mr. Irving in the part of Macbeth, But perhaps the critic had forgotten that the leading character has one, or two, rather strong situations towards the end of the play, which he should have witnessed before condemning the actor.
THE BURIAL OF THE TITLE, "QUEEN."
Not a cheer was heard, not a joyous note, As the Bill to the tellers we hurried; So solemn and dread is the midnight vote When a title has to be buried. We rolled up our sleeve and took off our coat, To make it a question burning; We strained every nerve to set it afloat, The hate of all Englishmen earning. They hurled at us gibe, and mud so foul (There's much of it still adhering), And we knew by the distant and random growl That the foe was sullenly sneering. Oh, little we reck of the name that's fled (That Lowe's a most impudent monkey); For "Empreth" sounds sweetly when lispingly said By the lips of some courtly flunkey. 'Twas fondly imagined a title of might, Renowned in an ancient story; But we dug a deep hole and rammed it in tight, And left it alone in its glory! The Figaro, April 8, 1876.
One of the arguments against Mr. Disraeli's Titles Bill, was that Empress was likely altogether to supersede the older, and more constitutional, title of Queen. The lapse of but a few years has shown how groundless was this apprehension, for except in state documents or Daily Telegraph leaders, the title of Empress is never employed.
In November, 1879, The Weekly Dispatch (a high-class London Liberal newspaper) commenced a series of Prize Competitions, the subjects, and methods of treatment, being indicated by the Prize Editor. On April 18, 1880, the prize of Two Guineas was for the best Poem on the Downfall of the Beaconsfield Government, in the form of a parody of "The Burial of Sir John Moore." It was awarded to Mr. D. Evans, 63, Talma Road, Brixton, S.E., for the following:—
(From a Tory point of view.)
Not a hum was heard, not a jubilant note, As away from the House we all scurried— Not a Liberal's tear bedewed the spot, The grave where our hopes were buried. We buried them sadly and deep that night, For we had no hope of returning, By Reason's bright returning light, And our hearts were sadly yearning. Few indeed were the words we said, But though few they were pregnant with sorrow, As we all in search of Benjamin fled To inspire us with hope for the morrow. No gaudy star was upon his breast, No ermine cloak was around him, Yet he stood like a man who had feathered his nest; And he smiled at us all, confound him! We thought, as we left with a silent tread, Of Cross and his dreadful Water, That the Liberals would soon be seen there instead, And we far away from that quarter. Lightly they'll talk of us when we have gone, And of course they've a right to abuse us; But little we'd care if they'd let us keep on In our places and wouldn't refuse us. But scarce had our sad hearts aching done. When again to the fight we were guided; And we knew that the foe had a victory won, That our fate was indeed decided. Slowly and sadly we all went down With the blood of our brethren all gory; But our sun at Midlothian has now gone down, So farewell to the hopes of the Tory.
Another parody on the same subject by Mr. James Robinson, of 59, Lyal Road, North Bow, was also inserted:—
Not a sigh was heard, not a tear-drop fell, As its corpse from the hustings we hurried; But we felt more anxious than tongue can tell To get the thing decently buried. With a woodcutter's help we dug it a grave— (It was deep and contained some water)— All willingly helped, and the sexton gave An address on its deeds of slaughter. With a "brilliant" lie we bedecked its breast, In a "cloak of deceit" we wound it, So it lay like a hypocrite taking its rest, With its weapons all around it. Brief and stern was the service said, In its own peculiar lingo; By a Hebrew scribe was a chapter read From the gospel according to Jingo. Lightly we'll speak of the Ministry gone. Nor o'er its cold ashes upbraid it, We'll forgive a good deal if it only sleeps on In the dishonoured past where we've laid it.
The Editor added the following remarks:—
"Among the numerous parodies of 'The Burial of Sir John Moore' there are some, faulty in parts, in which there are remarkably vigorous verses. One competitor, for instance, treating Jingo as a personality, says:—
'No well-bunged beer-cask confined his breast, Nor in cerement white we bound him; But he lay 'neath a water-butt, taking his rest, With a pool of that liquid around him.'
Another winds up thus:—
'Smiling and gladly we toppled him down, That image of humbug so gory; We wrote but one line—'Here, under this stone, Lies bombast, false glitter, and glory.'
And a third is particularly energetic in his speculations as to the behaviour of the Premier on hearing of the defeat of his policy:—
'He thought, as he holloa'd aloud in bed, And pommelled his lonely pillow, He was pitching away into Gladstone's head; And his fury was like the billow.'"
THE BURIAL OF THE MASHER.
"Mr. Burnand's good-natured but well-directed chaff in 'Blue Beard,' at the Gaiety, may be said to have ridiculed that curious product of modern civilisation, the Masher, out of existence. His continued life now seems to be impossible."—Daily Paper.
NOT a laugh was heard, not a cheery sound, As the song to an encore was hurried; Not a man in the stalls to cheer was found, On the night that the Masher was buried. He'd come before to a parlous pass, Sore stricken by TRUTH'S endeavour; But "Blue Beard" gave him his coup de grâce. And finished him once for ever! It killed and buried him sitting there, By ridicule on him turning; 'Neath the shifting lime-light's brilliant glare, With the footlights brightly burning. His wired gardenia graced his breast, And sodden in scent one found him, As he sat there sucking his stick with zest, With his three-inch collar around him. A deep red groove in his puffy throat, That collar's starched edge was flaying; And the bow trimmed pumps, on which youths now dote, Were the clocks of his hose displaying. Pearl-headed pins kept his tie in place. And his shirt front's wealth of whiteness Made yet more sallow his pasty face, More dazzling his chest-stud's brightness. No thought worth thinking was in his breast, Nor on his dull brain was flashing, But he sat encased in his board-like vest, Equipped for the evening's mashing. But few and short were the leers he gave At the chorus-girls singing before him; For cold and swift as an ocean wave, The chaff of Burnand swept o'er him. And vainly he turn'd, sore at heart and sick, Some hope from the "Johnnies" to borrow; For they steadfastly sucked every one his stick, And most bitterly thought of the morrow. They thought, as the dramatist chaffed them to death, And foreshadowed their doom so plainly, That they next morning, with feverish breath, Might demand devilled prawns all vainly; That their faith in the curried egg might go, And a cayenne salad not serve them, Nor champagne cheer when their "tone" was low, Nor a fricassee'd oyster nerve them! They felt that the power to attention gain Would surely henceforth evade them, And that public contempt would let them remain In the grave where a "Blue Beard" had laid them. And so, when Burnand his task had done, And received a right warm ovation, Of all the Mashers was left not one; 'Twas complete annihilation. And they buried them there, where they first were born, With gardenias on them clustered— In the mashing garbs that they long had worn— Near the stalls where they'd nightly mustered. Blithely and gaily they laid them down, Nor heard was a sob nor a sigh there; And they carved not a line and they raised not a stone— For the Mashers were worthy of neither! Truth, March 22, 1883.
NEVER JOHN MOORE; OR, THE REJECTED SUITOR.
(An old story by an Old Bachelor.)
(With sincere apologies to the Rev. Charles Wolfe—for the sheep's clothing.)
I. He felt highly absurd, as he put on his coat, And, of course, exceedingly worried; He swore he'd never return to the spot, As out of the front door he scurried. II. He tried to banish her face from his sight, She for whom he was yearning; Hadn't Fred said, he knew he was right, And that she was fond of spurning. III. But who'd have thought—ah, even guessed— That after she had caught and bound him; It was to be but a flirting jest. An impartial joke to sound him. IV. Few and short were the words he had said, Only this—only this, "love be mine." She gave him a rap with her fan on his head, And laughingly left him to pine V. What was he to do? should he hate her instead? Or weeping wail, waly willow; Or wiping away the tears he had shed, Launch in some fresh peccadillo? VI. Lightly they'd talked in the days that were gone, In arbours and in kitchen gardens; Only to find his poor heart torn By devotion, which her hard heart hardens. VII. L'ENVOI. The moral of this I hope you won't shun, Don't be in your mind too enquiring, Don't fall in love, or as sure as a gun, You're not cared for by her you're admiring. VIII. Talk to them civilly and leave them alone, And this is the end of my story. And as I don't mean to alter my tone, I drink to all flirts "con amore."
From Cribblings from the Poets (Jones & Piggott), Cambridge, 1883.
A FUNERAL AFTER SIR JOHN MOORE'S, FURNISHED BY AN UNDERTAKER.
NOT a mute one word at the funeral spoke Till away to the pot-house we hurried, Not a bearer discharged his ribald joke O'er the grave where our "party" we buried. We buried him dearly with vain display, Two hundred per cent. returning, Which we made the struggling orphans pay, All consideration spurning. With plumes of feathers his hearse was drest, Pall and hatbands and scarfs we found him; And he went, as a Christian, unto his rest, With his empty pomp around him. None at all were the prayers we said, And we felt not the slightest sorrow, But we thought, as the rites were perform'd o'er the dead, Of the bill we'd run up on the morrow. We thought as he sunk to his lowly bed That we wish'd they'd cut it shorter. So that we might be off to the Saracen's Head, For our gin, and our pipes, and our porter. Lightly we speak of the "party" that's gone, Now all due respect has been paid him; Ah! little he reck'd of the lark that went on Near the spot where we fellows had laid him. As soon as our sable task was done, Nor a moment we lost in retiring; And we feasted and frolick'd, and poked our fun, Gin and water each jolly soul firing, Blithely and quickly we quaff'd it down, Singing song, cracking joke, telling story; And we shouted and laughed all the way up to Town, Riding outside the hearse in our glory. Punch, January 5, 1850.
At the time when the above parody appeared there was an agitation on foot to reform the costliness and vain display at funerals. Punch, both in his cartoons and his letterpress, was exceedingly bitter against the undertakers.
The matter was so energetically taken up by the press and the public, that funerals were soon shorn of their costly mummery, and are now conducted on much more sensible and economical principles than they were in 1850.
In reference to the disputed authority of the ode "Not a drum was heard," the Rev. T. W. Carson, of Dublin, has kindly forwarded a facsimile of the letter, (to which reference was made on page 105), from the Rev. C. Wolfe to his friend Mr. John Taylor. It varies slightly from the version already given, and seems conclusively to establish Wolfe's title as author of the poem.
It runs thus:—
"I have completed the Burial of Sir John Moore, and will here inflict it upon you; you have no one but yourself to blame, for praising the two stanzas (?) that I told you so much;—
(Here follows the poem.)
"Pray write soon—you may direct as usual to College, and it will follow me to the country. Give my love to Armstrong, and believe me, my dear John, ever yours,
(Signed) CHARLES WOLFE."
This is addressed—
"JOHN TAYLOR, ESQ., At the Rev. Mr. Armstrong's, Clonoulty, Cashel."
Date of postmark, Se, 6, 1816.
The handwriting is small, neat, and clear, and there is only one slight verbal correction, which occurs in the last verse; in verses 3 and 4 a few end words have been torn off by the seal.
There is a postscript, as it has no reference, however, to the poem, it is needless to reprint it.
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