GENERAL INDEX
Reading edition
Note.—Several subjects are worked up in this index, which, on account of the plan of the book, are not dealt with connectedly in the text. As examples may be cited the entries under the heads of “Hawaiian Flora”; “Species, their development”; “Fruit-pigeons”; “Polymorphous Species”; &c.
The figures in larger type indicate the pages where the subject is treated at length or where the most important points are discussed. This sign is not often used where the references can be classed, or where several references of importance belong to the same subject.
Abrus precatorius, 531, 605
Acacia farnesiana, 478, 552, 555, 556, 557, 559
Acacia heterophylla, 200
Acacia koa, 151, 200, 533, 604
Acacia laurifolia, 45, 133, 134, 164, 166, 200, 529, 551
Acacia richii, 531, 549
Acæna exigua, 253, 275; genus, 270-2, 275, 276
Acalypha, 395, 603
Acer campestre, 536
Achillea millefolium, 536
Achras, 373
Achyranthes aspera, 605
Acorus; home of the genus, 396
Acrostichum squamosum, 593
Adaptation in relation to means of dispersal, 11, 99-103, 105, 119-129, 324, 516, 522
Adenanthera pavonina, 159, 420
Adenostemma viscosum, 240, 417, 568, 605
Ægiceras, 470-1
Æthusa cynapium, 28, 536
Afzelia bijuga, 21, 93, 107, 170-6, 436, 529, 563
Agapetes, 265
Agathis: see Dammara
Ageratum conyzoides, 417, 531, 605
Aglaia, 376
Agrostemma, 471
Agrostis, 272, 275, 538
Aira cæspitosa, 417, 418
Ajuga reptans, 28, 537
Alchemilla arvensis, 418, 536
Alchemilla vulgaris, 417
Aleurites moluccana, 59, 61, 361, 418, 435, 438, 533, 549, 554, 558-9, 560, 604
Alexander, Prof., 587
Algaroba, 485, 557
Algerian beach-flora, 34
Alisma natans, 537
Alisma plantago, 38, 92, 537
Alisma ranunculoides, 537
Alliaria officinalis, 536
Alnus glutinosa, 31, 37, 430, 537
Alphitonia, 333, 346, 357, 531
Alpine floras, 4, 34, 238; see under Mountain floras
Alpinia, 531
Alopecurus, 538
Alsinidendron, 262-3
Alstonia, 381, 384, 548
Alyssum maritimum, 536
Alyxia, 334, 344, 531, 533
Amarantus melancholicus, 605
Amarouria, 265
America, as the home of tropical shore-plants, 67-75; see under Hawaiian flora and under Tahitian flora for the American plants in those islands
Amorphophallus, 412, 414
Anagallis arvensis, 537
Ancon (Peru), 482, 497; climate, 492, 598
Angelica sylvestris, 28, 536
Aniseia uniflora, 530, 563
Anona paludosa, 68, 77, 109, 115, 435, 438, 486, 488-9, 498
608Antarctic flora, represented in the Pacific islands, 271-3, 287, 292, 294, 305, 503-4, 518
Anthyllis vulneraria, 536
Antidesma, 371-2, 603
Antofagasta (Chile), beach-drift, 480
Apetahia, 252, 256-7
Apium graveolens, 28, 536
Apium inundatum, 28, 536
Apium nodiflorum, 28, 37, 536
Arabis albida, 568
Arabis hirsuta, 536, 568
Arabis thaliana, 536, 567
Arachis hypogæa, 479
Araliaceæ, 261-3
Araucaria, 298
Arcangeli, Prof., on the Italian species of Medicago, 431
Arenaria peploides, 35, 36, 107, 116, 429-32, 536, 541, 544
Argemone mexicana, 533
Argyreia tiliæfolia, 20, 106, 110, 533-4, 558
Argyroxiphium, 236-8, 240, 243-4
Arica (Chile), 481-2, 497
Armeria vulgaris, 33, 34, 36, 511, 537, 540
Armeria maritima, 477
Artemisia, 238, 240, 269, 272, 278-9, 540
Artemisia absinthium, 279, 536, 540
Artemisia maritima, 33
Artemisia tridentata, 279
Artemisia vulgaris, 279, 536, 540
Artocarpus incisa, 531
Artocarpus integrifolia, 531
Arum maculatum, 537
Arundel, Mr., 49, 179
Arundo phragmites, 538
Asparagus, 538
Aspidium aculeatum, 226
Aspidium caryotideum, 593
Aspidium filix mas, 225, 593
Asplenium adiantum nigrum, 225, 593
Asplenium aspidioides, 593
Asplenium contiguum, 593
Asplenium fragile, 593
Asplenium monanthemum, 593
Asplenium nidus, 554, 604
Asplenium trichomanes, 225, 593
Astelia, 270-2, 274, 290, 291, 292-4, 305
Aster tripolium, 28, 34-6, 89, 536, 540, 545, 581, 605
Astrocaryum, 499
Astronia, 376
Atlas, Great; flora, 238, 277
Atriplex patula, 537, 544; genus, 284, 416, 546
Avicennia, 68, 69, 77, 78, 438, 484-5, 489, 498
Azolla, 488
Azores, 505
Bäckström, Helge, 601
Baillon, on the Lobeliaceæ, 251
Baker, Mr., on Fijian ferns, 224, 592
Bakeria, 265
Ball, Mr., 238, 476
Ballota nigra, 28, 537
Bananas: see Musa
Banyans, 387
Barbarea vulgaris, 536
Bark, in beach-drift, 430
Barratt, Mr., 215
Barringtonia formation, 550
Barringtonia, genus; buoyancy and structure of fruits, 17, 18, 121, 160; mode of dispersal, 161; seed-structure and vivipary, 132, 168, 573; relation between coast and inland species, 134, 166
Barringtonia edulis, 19, 161, 531, 573
Barringtonia excelsa, 19, 108, 574
Barringtonia racemosa, buoyancy of fruits, 18, 161, 529; structure of seeds and fruits, 108, 161, 564, 573-6; fruits in drift, 76, 78, 435; station, 43, 47, 551; distribution and dispersal, 68, 160, 551, 563
Barringtonia samoensis, 19
Barringtonia speciosa, buoyancy of fruits, 18, 161, 529; structure of seeds and fruits, 108, 114, 161, 573-6; fruits in drift, 76, 78, 79, 435-7; station, 43, 551; distribution and dispersal, 49, 56, 57, 64, 68, 160, 563
Barringtonia, undescribed species; in Fiji, 19, 161, 531, 574; in Solomon group, 161
Barrows, Prof., 373
Bartsia odontites, 537
Bassia, 374
Batatas edulis, 415; see under Ipomœa batatas
Batis maritima, 482, 485, 546, 557
Bats, as dispersing agents, 321, 343, 394, 510, 514
Battandier, M., 34
Bauhinia, 531
Beach flora: see Littoral plants
Beach formation, 43, 550
Beach seed-drift, 31, 429, 479, 480, 482, 489, 499, 557
Beach temperature, 477, 480, 481, 595
Beal, Prof., 568
609Beccari, Dr., on the dispersal of Brackenridgea, 124, 569; on the Cassowary as a seed-distributor, 152; on Ficus, 388, 504; on the retrocession of cultivated plants, 161; on Sararanga, 156; on willow-leaved plants, 603
Beech-nuts in drift, 429
Begonia, 394, 509
Begoniaceæ, 263, 394
Bell, Mr. Jeffrey, on Peruvian corals, 497
Bentham, Mr., 2, 423; on the Compositæ, 236, 245, 248
Berberis vulgaris, 535
Berkeley, Mr., 539
Bermuda, 348, 351
Bernicla sandwicensis, 241, 275, 283
Berrya, 379
Beta maritima, 35, 537, 542
Betula alba, 537
Bidens, 379
Bidens cernua, 28, 31, 536, 540, 544
Bidens pilosa, 379, 533, 605
Bidens tripartita, 28, 536, 544
Bird, Miss, 584, 587
Birds, differentiation of, 5-8, 504-6, 514, 520-2; crossing oceans, 506; migrations, 505-6; Polynesian, 67; at high altitudes, 241; biologically connected with plants, 504; as seed-dispersers, 5, 205, 226, 241, 296, 321; see under Fruit-pigeons, Ducks, Geese, Sea-birds, Tetraonidæ, &c.
Bischoffia, 381, 386, 531
Blysmus rufus, 537
Bobea, 262-3
Boehmeria, 263, 356
Boerhaavia, 355, 552, 568
Bonin Islands, 54, 320
Boobies (Sula), as seed-dispersers, 188, 347, 356, 511
Borago officinalis, 537
Bourbon Island: see Mascarene Islands
Bourne, Mr., 172
Brackenridgea, 113, 124, 569
Brandis, Dr., on the dispersal of Santalum album, 283
Brassica, 536
Breadfruit (Artocarpus), 412, 415, 531
Breweria, 362-3
Brighamia, 252, 255, 258
British flora, 23, 31, 115, 432, 535, 539-44
Brown, Dr. R., on seed-dispersal by sea-birds, 510
Brown, Mr. R., on a drift seed of Cæsalpinia, 189
Broussaisia, 263
Bruguiera, 43, 441, 551; dispersal by currents, 48, 55, 77, 94, 461-2, 467, 529; distribution, 54, 68, 69, 461, 563; in beach-drift, 435, 437, 461; seed-development and germination, 463-6, 468-71; fertilisation, 462
Bryonia dioica, 536
Buller, Sir W., on the fruits and seeds eaten by New Zealand birds, 292, 296, 301, 321, 337, 347, 508, 541
Buoyancy of seeds and fruits, of Pacific plants, 12-22, 104-15; of Fijian plants, 44-6, 529, 531-3; of Hawaiian plants, 57, 533, 552; of Tahitian plants, 49; of British plants, 23-39, 115, 535-8, 539-44, 566; its relation to sea-density, 88-98, 516; structures concerned, 17, 104-18; the question of adaptation, 119-29, 516, 569; effect of inland extension, 121, 568; the great sorting process, 16, 24, 30, 515; long flotation experiments, 530, 539; tables showing results of experiments, 529-38, 552; effect of drying, 535, 538, 539-44, 571-2; precautions in testing buoyancy, 566; the risks of the floating seed in warm seas, 79-87
Burkill, Mr., on the Tongan flora, 224, 232, 335, 385
Butomus umbellatus, 537
Butterflies at high altitudes, 509, 583
Buttneria, 379
Button, Mr., 172
Byronia, 371
Cacao, 489
Cacti, 471, 485, 560
Cæsalpinia, general account of Pacific species, 183-97
Cæsalpinia bonduc, buoyancy of seeds, 21, 192-5, 529; structures concerned with seed-buoyancy, 106, 191-2; dispersal by currents, 189; distribution, 186, 563; station and extension inland, 49, 186-7
Cæsalpinia bonducella, buoyancy of seeds, 21, 192-5, 529, 530-1, 552; structures concerned with seed-buoyancy, 106, 111, 191-2; dispersal by currents, 57, 189, 430, 562, 563; in beach-drift, 189, 430, 437-8, 558; dispersal by birds, 57, 188, 511, 581; station and extension inland, 42, 59, 186-8, 551, 552-4, 559; germination, 191; distribution, 68, 186, 563; suggested relation to C. bonduc, 573
610Cæsalpinia nuga, 183
Cæsalpinia, undescribed mountain species of Fiji, 184-5
Cakile maritima, 30, 35, 36, 109, 116, 429-31, 432-3, 536, 539, 542, 544
Calamintha officinalis, 28, 537
Californian current, 491
Calla palustris, 537, 544
Callao, 482, 492, 496-7, 599, 601
Callitriche, 38, 537
Calonyction: see Ipomœa
Calophyllum; relation between coast and inland species, 17, 18, 120, 134, 136, 533
Calophyllum amœnum, 534
Calophyllum burmanni, 18, 136, 531
Calophyllum calaba, 534
Calophyllum inophyllum; buoyancy of fruits, 18, 529, 534, 552; structures concerned in buoyancy, 107, 113, 115, 122; fruits in beach-drift, 437, 558; station, 42, 43, 49, 52, 550, 554; its relation to inland species, 136
Calophyllum spectabile, 18, 136, 389, 531
Caltha palustris, 85, 535
Camelina sativa, 567
Campylotheca, 236-8, 240, 243-4, 533
Cananga odorata, 159, 393, 531
Canarium, 400, 532
Canavalia, 107, 201-2; Pacific species, 145, 578; relation between the littoral and inland species, 20, 134, 145
Canavalia ensiformis, 145, 529, 563, 578-9, 581 (turgida)
Canavalia galeata, 20, 145-6, 533
Canavalia sericea, 107, 145, 529, 563, 578-9
Canavalia obtusifolia; seed-buoyancy and dispersal by currents, 19, 83, 145, 529, 562, 579; cause of buoyancy, 107, 113; in beach-drift, 437-8, 489; station and distribution, 42, 43, 488, 498, 547, 550, 563, 578
Candolle, A. de, 25, 62, 80, 239, 418, 562, 573
Candolle, C. de, 376
Canna indica, 532
Canthiopsis, 265
Canthium, 355
Cape-pigeon (Daption capensis), 511
Capercailzie, 282
Capparis sandwicensis (sandwichiana), 533, 553
Capsella bursa pastoris, 536, 567
Carapa, seed-buoyancy, 108, 114, 529; beach and river drift, 76, 435, 437; germination, 76, 78, 564; station, 43, 550-1; distribution, 68-9, 562
Cardamine hirsuta, 536
Cardamine pratensis, 536
Cardamine sarmentosa, 604
Cardiospermum halicacabum, 417, 605; see Additions and Corrections
Carduus, 28, 536
Carex, 37, 272, 283, 538, 540, 544
Careya, 575
Carmichael, Captain, on Tristan da Cunha, 276, 286
Carpenter, Captain, 490
Carruthersia, 265
Caryophyllaceæ; represented in the early flora of Hawaii, 261-3, 518
Caspary, R., on the dispersal of water-lilies, 512
Cassia gaudichaudii, 533
Cassia occidentalis, 533
Cassia sophora, 605
Cassowaries as seed-dispersers, 152, 160
Cassytha filiformis; fruit-buoyancy and dispersal by currents, 56, 57, 71, 106, 111, 121-2, 530, 552, 563, 569; dispersal by birds, 71, 123, 564; station and distribution, 56, 59, 67, 122, 551-2, 563; extension inland, 42, 49, 59, 121, 547, 548, 559, 569
Castillo (Drake del), on the Tahitian flora, 46, 49, 221, 231, 254, 285, 318, 347, 504, 551
Casuarina, 134, 136, 479
Casuarina equisetifolia, 42, 45, 136, 530, 548-9
Casuarina nodiflora, 136, 549
Cattle Plains of Hawaii, 208
Centranthus ruber, 536
Centropogon, 251, 259
Cerastium vulgatum, 536
Ceratophyllum, 38, 398-9, 408, 537
Cerbera odollam, distribution, 64, 563; station, 551; extension inland, 41, 42, 49, 121, 547, 548, 569; fruit-buoyancy and dispersal by currents, 76, 108, 114, 121, 530; in river and beach drift, 76, 435, 437
Chærophyllum sylvestre, 28, 536
Chagres River, 498
Chamisso, 367
Chancay coast (Peru), 482
Charpentiera, 263
Cheeseman, Mr., on the flora of Rarotonga, 50, 177, 208, 216, 232, 238, 256, 291, 293, 295; on Kermadec plants, 295, 420, 572; on Polynesian food-plants, 415, 420
Cheirodendron, 262, 263, 281, 343, 364, 533, 594, 604
Chelidonium majus, 535
611Chenopodium, 272, 283, 284, 537
Cherry (Cerasus) stones in beach-drift, 429, 431, 479
Chestnuts in beach-drift, 429
Chile; the coast plants and beach-drift, 431, 474-80, 596; the coast climate, 491-3, 598-601
Chloridops kona, 275
Christmas Island, 422
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, 536, 568
Chrysanthemum segetum, 536
Chrysodium aureum, 48, 486, 498
Chrysophyllum, 362
Chrysosplenium, 536
Cicuta virosa, 28, 536
Citrus aurantium, 125, 532
Citrus decumana, 125, 126, 532, 533
Citrus, other species, 125, 436, 532
Cladium mariscus, 537
Clarke, Mr. C. B., on Cyrtandra, 316
Cleome, 362
Clermontia, 252-6, 258-9, 533
Clerodendron, 17, 121
Clerodendron inerme, 47, 76, 108, 114, 435, 530, 551, 563
Climate and currents, 491-5, 500, 597-601
Clouds, altitude of, on mountains; on the Owen Stanley Range, 215; observations on the summit of Mauna Loa, 584; on the Chilian and Peruvian sea-borders, 492, 494
Coast and inland species of a genus, relation of, 16, 27, 133-169
Cocculus, 362
Cochlearia officinalis, 33, 536, 540
Coco-de-mer, 61
Coco-nut palm (Cocos nucifera), 67, 108, 413, 530, 552, 553-4, 563; effective dispersal by currents, 436; viviparous, 472
Coix lachryma, 532
Collomia, 568
Colobanthus, 263
Colocasia antiquorum, 412
Colon; shore-plants, 498
Colubrina, 134, 137
Colubrina asiatica; station and distribution, 137, 552, 556, 562-4; inland extension, 49, 547; seed-buoyancy and dispersal by currents, 56, 57, 105, 137, 529; river and beach drift, 436, 559
Colubrina oppositifolia, 137, 533-4, 576
Columbæ, extinct; of the Mascarene Islands, 152, 157, 159, 169, 200, 517
Comins, Rev. R. B., 379
Commelina nudiflora (syn. pacifica), 533, 605
Commersonia echinata (syn. platyphylla), 532, 548
Commersonia, 376, 380
Compositæ, age of, 9, 231-49, 304, 306, 503, 514, 517-20; endemic Hawaiian and Tahitian genera, 236, 248; arborescent, 235-49; dispersal by birds, 241, 593, 605; fruit-buoyancy of British species, 536
Coniferæ, age of, 303-6, 502-3, 514, 519-20; Fijian, 294, 297-306; New Zealand, 507-9, 514
Conocarpus erectus, 68, 108, 438, 498
Convolvulaceæ, seed-buoyancy, 28, 110, 117, 544; abortive germination of floating seeds, 76, 79, 83, 85, 87
Convolvulus arvensis, 28, 110, 537, 544
Convolvulus sepium; station, 29; distribution, 417-8, 573; seeding in England, 539; buoyancy of seeds, 26, 29, 106, 110, 537, 539, 544; suggested dimorphism, 573
Convolvulus soldanella; seed-buoyancy, 26, 28, 35, 36, 83, 91, 106, 110, 115, 537, 542, 566; non-germination in sea-water, 35, 544, 546; seeds in beach-drift, 31, 429-31; dispersal by currents, 432-3; distribution, 131, 433, 476-9, 542, 572; suggested dimorphism, 573
Convolvulus tricolor; germination in sea-water, 546
Conway, Sir Martin, 241
Coprosma, 270-2, 274-5, 290-3, 294-6, 305, 315, 321, 331, 533
Corals on the coasts of Chile and Peru, 496-7, 601
Cordia, 17, 121, 134, 137, 485, 488
Cordia aspera, 137
Cordia subcordata; station and distribution, 52, 551-2, 555, 563; fruit-buoyancy, 79, 108, 114, 530-1; sea and beach-drift, 79, 437; becoming extinct in Hawaii, 578
Cordyline, 420, 532
Coreopsis, 237
Coriaria, 270, 290, 291-2, 305
Corks in beach-drift, 479
Corral (Chile), 478
Corvus tropicus, 321
Corylus avellana, 126, 429 (hazel), 431 (hazel), 537, 538, 572
Corynocarpus, 508
Cotula plumosa, 241
Cotyledon umbilicus, 417-8, 536
Couthovia, 265-6, 401, 532
Crambe maritima, 35, 536, 542, 581
612Cratægus oxyacantha, 536
Cratæva religiosa, 379
Crepis, 536
Crinum asiaticum, 530
Crithmum maritimum, 28, 35, 109, 116, 429, 433, 536, 542, 544
Crocodile, in Fiji, 65
Crosby, Mr., 550
Croton, vivipary, 472
Cucumis acidus, 532
Cucurbita, 125, 479, 532
Cupania, 532
Curcuma longa, 548
Curlews, as seed-dispersers, 355, 356
Currents, as seed-dispersers, 4, 12, 44, 49, 57, 58, 61-75, 79-84, 179, 557, 562, 571; Gulf-stream, 4, 80, 180, 189, 430, 570, 581; currents reaching Hawaii, 58, 72-5, 557-9; Humboldt or Peruvian current, 480, 483, 490-5, 500, 597-601; see under Climate and currents
Cuscuta, 58, 366, 537, 552, 553, 555, 559, 595
Cyanea, 252, 254-5, 258, 604
Cyathodes, 272, 282, 284, 285, 290-1, 292, 305, 533, 553-4
Cyathula prostrata, 605
Cycas circinalis, 42, 109, 115, 328, 413, 530, 547, 548-9, 563
Cynometra, 108, 529, 563
Cyperaceæ, dispersal by ducks, 513; by purple water-hens, 296
Cyrtandra, 308-9, 316, 331, 405, 520
Cyrtosperma, 413
Cytisus scoparius, 536
Dacrydium, 294, 297-8, 302, 305-6
Dalbergia monosperma, 106, 435, 529, 551, 563
Damasonium stellatum, 537
Dammara, 294, 298, 303-6, 532
Daption capensis (Cape-pigeon), 511
Darwin, Mr., 24, 150, 177, 347, 497, 509, 538, 539, 542, 544, 546, 568
Datura stramonium, 537
Davis, Prof., 491
Davis, Rev. S. H., 213
Dead Sea, density of, 89
Death and Evolution, 11, 523
Delissea, 252, 254-5, 258
Density of sea-water and seed-buoyancy, 88, 566
Derris uliginosa; distribution, 68, 552, 563; station, 44, 551; inland extension, 42, 547; fruit-buoyancy, 106, 111, 529, 552; river-drift, 76, 435; beach-drift, 437
Deschampsia, 272, 275
Desmodium umbellatum, 106, 529
Desmodium polycarpum, 605
Deterioration of capacity for dispersal, 262-3, 337, 350, 365, 507, 594-5
Deyeuxia, 272, 284-5
Dianella, 356, 533
Dichrocephala latifolia, 605
Dickson, Mr., 493
Didunculus, 159, 393
Didymocarpus, 318
Differentiation of birds and plants, 505-7, 514, 520, 521-2; of climate, 470, 473, 507, 521-2
Dimorphism, suggested, in Rhizophora, 449, 465, 521; in Cæsalpinia, 573; in Convolvulus sepium and C. soldanella, 573
Dioclea, 82, 107, 113, 436, 529, 531, 563
Dioscorea, 412-4, 532
Dispersal, agencies of, 5, 61, 502; suspension, causes of, 5-9, 242-3, 365, 504, 514, 521-2; see under Adaptation, Birds, Currents, Deterioration &c.
Dixon, Mr. C., on differentiation of birds, 505-6; on seeds in petrels, 581
Döderlein, 54
Dodo, 8, 159, 522
Dodonæa, 67, 71, 106, 333, 338, 357, 529, 548, 554, 563
Dole, Mr., 241, 557
Dolicholobium, 394, 603
Douglas, Mr. D., 278, 282, 586
Dove: see Pigeon
Draba verna, 536
Dracæna aurea, 367, 533
Dracæna, vivipary in, 471
Dracocephalum, 568
Dracontomelon, 399, 532
Dragon-flies, dispersed by winds, 510
Drepanididæ, 259, 343, 348, 504-5, 603
Drepanocarpus, 562
Drift: see Beach seed-drift, River seed-drift
Drift-timber, 58, 72, 557
Drosera, 4, 253, 270, 272, 285-8, 536
Druce, Mr., on Sea-thrifts, 34
Drupe, rubiaceous, its first appearance in the Pacific, 262
Drying-winds, 491-4
Drymispermum, 45, 133, 134, 164, 166, 530
Dryobalanops, vivipary in, 471
Dubautia, 236-8, 240, 243-4
Ducie Island, 49, 64
613Ducks, as dispersers of seeds, 241, 277, 356, 369, 370, 375, 399, 506, 512-3, 514, 541
Dusolier, M., 506
Dwarfing of shore-plants growing inland, 547
Dysoxylum, 376
Easter Island, 64
Ecastaphyllum, 562
Eclipta alba, 533, 534, 605
Ecuador, climate of sea-border, 476, 483, 489-91, 493-6, 500, 597; influence of the Humboldt or Peruvian current, 490-1, 493-5, 500, 599; mangroves, 3, 77, 445, 448, 474-6, 483-90, 521, 597; beach-drift and beach-plants, 180, 488-9; temperature of the Guayaquil estuary, 77, 78, 565; drift of the Guayaquil River, 91, 435, 488-9; Santa Rosa River, 486; Machala plains, 485, 495; Santa Elena coast, 483, 490, 494, 597
Eeka, mountain in Maui, 208, 214, 253
Eggers, Baron von, on the climate and mangroves of Ecuador, 449, 450, 476, 483-4, 487, 490, 493-5, 597
Ekstam, O., on seed-dispersal in Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla, 242, 277, 282, 434, 511, 512
Elæocarpus, 334, 357-8, 389, 391, 401, 507-9, 532
Elatine hydropiper, 536
Elatostema, 317, 383, 391, 405
Electrical state of the atmosphere, 582, 588
Eleusine indica, 605
Elizabeth Island, 64
Embelia, 362-4, 409, 520
Empetrum nigrum, 511
Endemic genera and species, tables of, 232, 233, 244, 252, 255, 263, 265; see under Fiji, Hawaii, Tahiti
Endemism: see under Species
English beach-drift, 429-33; see Beach seed-drift
Entada scandens, 176; station, 44, 48, 50, 177, 182; distribution, 68, 177-9, 182, 200, 499, 500, 551, 563; dispersed by currents, 179-80, 182; seed-buoyancy, 82, 94, 106, 111, 181-3, 529, 531; river and beach drift, 180, 430, 435, 437-8, 488-9, 499
Epilobium, 471, 536, 603
Epiphytic plants, 281 (Vaccinium); 291 (Weinmannia); 343 (Myoporum and Vaccinium); 383 (Loranthus); 402 (Myrmecodia)
Eranthemum, 532
Eriophorum, 537
Erodium maritimum, 33
Eryngium maritimum, 28, 35, 536, 539, 543, 544, 581
Erythrina; general discussion of the genus, 577; relation between coast and inland species, 19, 134, 141; seed-buoyancy, 107; seeds in river and beach drift, 435, 437-8, 489
Erythrina indica, 19, 107, 141-4, 529, 562, 577
Erythrina monosperma, 20, 141-4, 200, 533, 553-4, 578
Erythrina ovalifolia, 107, 577
Erythrina aurantiaca, 144
Erythrina vespertilio, 144
Estuaries, temperature of tropical, 78, 564
Etna, shadow of, 586
Eucalyptus, 479
Eugenia, 61, 134, 163, 166, 334, 349, 357, 507, 532, 603
Eugenia brackenridgei, 351
Eugenia corynocarpa, 350, 351, 532
Eugenia grandis, 163
Eugenia malaccensis, 349, 532
Eugenia monticola, 351
Eugenia neurocalyx, 350, 351
Eugenia rariflora, 164, 349-52, 532
Eugenia richii, 45, 164, 350, 529
Eugenia rivularis, 350, 532
Euonymus europæus, 536
Eupatorium cannabinum, 536
Euphorbia, 29, 478, 537
Euphorbia amygdaloides, 537, 605
Euphorbia atoto, 106, 530
Euphorbia cordata, 556
Euphorbia helioscopia, 29, 537
Euphorbia paralias, 29, 31, 35, 109, 116, 429, 431-3, 537, 543, 544
Euphorbia peplus, 537
Euphorbia segetalis, 537, 605
Eurya, 371-3
Euxolus caudatus, 605
Everett, Mr., 388
Evolution, 11, 227, 522; see under Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Species
Excæcaria agallocha, 43, 109, 436, 530, 551, 563
Exocarpus, 271, 274-5
Fagræa berteriana, 42, 45, 385, 532, 548, 603
Fagus, 508
Fanning Island, 377
614Fernando Noronha, its flora and its birds, 8, 144, 366, 388
Ferns, 220-30, 509, 517, 592, 593
Ficus, 61, 377, 387, 395, 504, 532
Fiji, the climate, 209, 215-8; the seed-drift of rivers and beaches, 435-6; the “talasinga” plains, 42, 43, 215, 386, 547, 548, 569; area and altitudes, 207-8
Fijian flora, the littoral plants, 13, 40, 528-30, 550-1; ferns and lycopods, 220-30, 592; endemic genera and endemic species, 231-5, 264-6; mountain plants, 269, 293-7, 305; conifers, 297-306 The age of Malayan plants comprising first the genera widely dispersed over the Pacific, 307-58; and then those that are locally dispersed, 359, 360; the last comprising Fijian genera found in Hawaii and not in Tahiti, 359, 371-4; Fijian genera found in Tahiti and not in Hawaii, 359, 380-8; and genera found in Fiji, but neither in Hawaii nor in Tahiti, 360, 399-408 ... The number of Fijian flowering plants, 528, 592 ... The Fijian “difficulty,” 155, 166, 169, 517 ... The buoyancy of the seeds of inland plants, 531
Fish in the Humboldt current, 600
Fitchia, 236, 237-8, 240, 245, 248
Fleurya interrupta, 605
Flying-foxes: see Bats
Focke, W. O., on the dispersal of Leguminosæ, 150, 417
Fogs on the Chilian and Peruvian coasts, 475, 481, 490, 492-3, 600
Forbes, Dr. H. O., 304, 347, 388
Forster on the “Antarctic” flora, 271
Fragaria chilensis, 4, 270, 272, 285, 287-8
Fragaria vesca, 536
Francolins at high altitudes, 241
Franseria, 131, 431, 478-9, 597
Freycinetia, 308-9, 319, 331, 504-5, 509-10
Frigate-birds (Fregata), as seed-dispersers, 188, 511
Fritillaria meleagris, 537
Fruits “difficult” or “impossible” from the standpoint of dispersal, 262, 267, 372-3, 379, 388-9, 391, 409; see under the Fijian flora and the Hawaiian flora Fruit-pigeons (Carpophaga, &c.), seeds and fruits eaten by them, limit of size, 337, 381, 389, 400-1, 410; Achras, 373; Areca, 330; Cananga, 393; Canarium, 372, 400; Cassytha, 123, 564; Coriaria, 292; Corynocarpus, 508; Couthovia, 266, 401; Dracontomelon, 372, 400; Elæocarpus, 337, 372, 508; Eugenia, 350; Ficus, 388, 504; Gnetum, 404; Kentia, 330; Litsea, 508; Myristica, 403; Olea, 508; Oncocarpus, 266; Phyllanthus, 326; Pisonia, 347; Plectronia, 355; Podocarpus, 301, 508; Premna, 561; Psychotria, 314; Sapota, 373; Sideroxylon, 373; Spondias, 602; Vitex, 564; Ximenia, 113. (For additional note on Litsea and Vitex, see Additions and Corrections)
Fruits, fleshy, 101
Fulmar-petrel, 581
Galapagos Islands, flora and avifauna, 505
Galeopsis tetrahit, 28, 537
Galium aparine, 27, 536, 539
Galium mollugo, 536
Galium palustre, 27, 536
Garcinia, 575
Gardenia, 308-9, 311, 532-3, 548, 552
Garuas, 475, 481, 600
Gätke, H., 151, 506, 593
Gaudichaud, 385, 434
Gay, C., on Chilian plants, 477-8
Geese, as seed-dispersers, 241, 275, 283, 356, 511-2, 514
Geissois, 343, 393, 510, 532
Geniostoma, 384
Geological time, 502, 520
Geophila reniformis, 417, 532, 605
Geranium, 4, 269, 272, 274-5
Germination, of floating seeds, 76; its connection with vivipary, 78, 84, 87, 191, 468, 521; effect of previous immersion in sea-water on the germinating capacity of seeds in soil, 25, 539; germination in sea-water in temperate latitudes, 35, 544; germination in sea-water in tropical latitudes, 79-87; the process in Cæsalpinia, 191, and in Cuscuta, 595
Giffard, Mr., 212
Gilia, 568
Gill, Rev. Wyatt, 48
Gizzard-stones in birds, 159
Glacial epoch, 503, 509, 513
Glaucium luteum, 35, 90, 536, 539, 543 544
Glaux maritima, 34, 36, 537, 541
Gleichenia, 548
615Gnetum, 391, 404, 532
Goats as seed-dispersers, 554, 558
Goebel, K., 453; on vivipary, 469-72
Gossypium, 352, 533
Gossypium tomentosum, 58-9, 529, 533, 552, 556
Gouania, 371-3
Gouldia, 262-3
Goura pigeon, 8, 159, 392
Gourds dispersed by currents, 125, 570
Græffea, 265
Grape-seeds in beach-drift, 429
Gray, Asa, 34
Grewia, 381, 382, 532
Grindon, Mr., 603
Grouse-family as seed-dispersers: see Tetraonidæ
Guavas, 554
Guayas or Guayaquil river and estuary: see under Ecuador
Guettarda, relation between coast and inland species, 17, 121, 134, 162, 166, 532, 533; germination, 79, 132
Guettarda speciosa, station at coast, 43, 551; station inland, 162; distribution, 64, 68, 563; buoyancy of fruits and their dispersal by currents, 55-6, 108, 114, 163, 529; beach-drift, 163, 437
Guilandina (synonym of Cæsalpinia), 188, 562
Gulf-stream drift: see under Currents
Gulls (Laridæ) as seed-dispersers, 241, 511, 514
Gum-resins, native names of, 300
Gunnera, 269, 271, 272, 274, 275
Gunnerus, 570
Gyrocarpus jacquini, 2, 49, 68, 106, 111, 422, 428, 529, 551, 563
Haberlandt, G., on the germination of mangroves, 453, 457, 465
Haleakala, 208
Hall, Mr. W. L., on the forests of Hawaii, 213
Halophily, 581
Hamilton, Mr., on the crop-stones of the moa, 159
Hann, Prof., on mountain climates, 582
Haplopetalon, 264, 265
Haplostachys, 263, 594
Hawaiian islands; area and altitude, 207-8; climate, 209-15, 217-8, 582-92; temperature and relative humidity, 209-11, 218; rainfall, 212-15, 218; meteorology of the summit of Mauna Loa, 582-92
Hawaiian flora; littoral plants, 15, 51, 71, 552, 553-7; beach-drift, 58, 557; ferns and lycopods, 220-30, 517, 592, 593; the eras of the flowering plants, 234-5, 517; tables of endemic genera and endemic species, 232, 233, 244, 252, 263; the age of Compositæ, 235-49; the age of the Lobeliaceæ, 250-60, 266-7, 603; the endemic genera belonging neither to the Compositæ nor to the Lobeliaceæ, 261-4, 594; mountain flora, 269-88, 518 The age of Malayan genera, 307-78; the Malayan genera widely dispersed in the Pacific, 307-58; the Malayan genera locally dispersed, 359-69; the residual genera (found only in Hawaii), 359, 361; the genera occurring in Hawaii and Tahiti but not in Fiji, 359, 370; the genera occurring in Hawaii and Fiji but not in Tahiti, 359, 371; the absentees from Hawaii, 359, 375 American plants in Hawaii, 261, 334, 362, 372, 409, 517-8. They include the following orders and genera:— Compositæ, 237, 248, 260, 518; Lobeliaceæ, 254, 260, 266, 518; Caryophyllaceæ, 261-3, 518; Sanicula, 272-3, 287; Sisyrinchium, 272-3, 287; Fragaria, 285, 288; Rubus, 273, 285; Pritchardia, 309, 326; Lythrum, 362; Perrottetia, 362; Sicyos, 362, 365; Chrysophyllum, 362; Nama, 362; Jacquemontia, 362, 365; Sphacele, 362; Phytolacca, 362, 364; Urera, 362 The Hawaiian difficulty, 140, 165, 168, 517; Hawaiian plants and birds, 505-6, 603; buoyancy of fruits and seeds of inland plants, 533-4
Haynaldia, 251
Hazel: see Corylus avellana
Hazlewood’s Fijian Dictionary, 400
Heather, 511
Hedera helix, 536
Hedley, Mr., 65, 66, 304
Hegelmaier, on Lemna, 408
Heilprin, Prof., 506
Helianthemum vulgare, 536, 567
Heliosciadium, 538
Heliotropium anomalum, 49, 56, 58, 365, 370, 528, 552, 554-7
Heliotropium curassavicum, 56, 58, 482, 552, 555, 557
616Hemsley, Mr. W. B., 34, 232, 238, 301, 434, 499, 511, 530, 539, 581; on dispersal by currents, 62; on Cæsalpinia, 184; on insular Leguminosæ, 198-9; on the Pacific Compositæ, 242, 246-7; on the Pacific Lobeliaceæ, 251, 257; on Pisonia, 346; on Gnetum, 404; on ten widely spread British plants, 417; on Rhizophora mangle in the Pacific, 441; on vivipary in Dracæna, 471; on Brackenridgea, 569
Heptapleurum, 263
Heritiera littoralis, station, 43, 551; distribution, 47, 68, 375-6, 551, 562; buoyancy of fruits, 106, 112, 529; their occurrence in river-drift, 79, 435; and in beach-drift, 437
Hernandia peltata, station, 551; extension inland, 49; distribution, 54, 64, 68, 562, 563; buoyancy of fruits, 109, 115, 530; beach-drift, 437
Herpestis monnieria, 552, 557
Hesperomannia, 236-7, 243-4
Hesselman, H., on plant-dispersal, 282, 511
Hibbertia, 402, 548
Hibiscus, 21, 134, 137
Hibiscus abelmoschus, 21, 124, 532, 533
Hibiscus diversifolius, 21, 105, 529
Hibiscus esculentus, 21, 532
Hibiscus tiliaceus, station, 43, 486, 498, 551, 555-7; growing inland, 41-2, 419, 547, 557, 560; distribution, 52, 486, 498, 552, 563; seed-buoyancy, 21, 105, 529, 552; beach-drift, 437-8; river-drift, 435; sea-drift, 489; currents, 562
Hibiscus youngianus, 21, 533, 534
Hillebrand, Dr., on the Hawaiian flora; introduced littoral trees, 51; the agency of the currents, 73; the endemism of the ferns, 224-7, 593; the Compositæ, 236-47; the Lobeliaceæ, 250-5; the absence of Coniferæ, 303; on Cyrtandra, 317; other references, 231, 340, 341, 405, 557, 559, 560, 576, 578, 594, &c.
Hillebrand, Mr. W. F., 224
Hillebrandia, 263, 394
Hilo, 53, 213
Hippomane mancinella (Manchineel), 68, 109, 498
Hochstetter, 336
Holland, Mr., 478, 489, 499
Holmboe, Jens, on Silene maritima, 280
Holmes, Mr., on the Fijian rainfall, 216, 549
Honckeneya: see Arenaria peploides
Hooker, Sir J., 198, 238, 258, 271, 344, 369, 581
Horne, Mr., on the Fijian flora, 41, 172, 394, 395, 425, 549, 592
Horse-dung containing seeds transported by currents, 558
Hottonia palustris, 536
Hoya, 377
Humboldt on insects in the upper air-currents, 583
Humboldt current, 480, 483, 490-5, 500, 597-601
Hydnophytum, 402
Hydrocharis, 537
Hydrocotyle asiatica, 532, 605
Hydrocotyle verticillata, 533-4
Hydrocotyle vulgaris, 28, 536, 544
Hygrophytes, 32, 515
Hypericum, perforatum, quadrangulum, elodes, 536
Iceland; plants, 505
Ilex aquifolium, 536
Impatiens fulva, 536
Impatiens parviflora, 536
Incas; bones exposed on the Ancon plain, 497
Inocarpus edulis, 108, 421, 435, 529, 563
Insects in the upper air-currents, 509-10, 514, 582-3
Ipomea: see Ipomœa
Ipomœa, 20, 76, 109, 134, 137, 489, 532-3, 546
Ipomœa batatas, 20, 415 (Batatas edulis), 532
Ipomœa bona nox (Calonyction speciosum), 20, 106, 110, 533, 534, 554, 558, 605
Ipomœa glaberrima (Calonyction comosperma), 20, 52, 57, 106, 110, 472, 530, 552, 555, 558, 564
Ipomœa grandiflora, 20, 106, 530, 531
Ipomœa insularis, 20, 110, 532, 533, 553, 554, 605
Ipomœa peltata, 110, 435, 472, 532
Ipomœa pentaphylla, 20, 110, 533
Ipomœa reptans, 533
Ipomœa tuberculata, 20, 110, 533, 556
Ipomœa turpethum, 20, 106, 110, 532
Ipomœa pes-capræ; seed-buoyancy, 20, 21, 83, 106, 110, 121, 530, 546, 569; dispersal by currents, 56-7, 562; seeds in river and beach drift, 435, 437-8, 489, 558-9; distribution, 56, 68, 433, 488, 498, 552, 563, 564, 572; station, 43, 551, 553-6, 560; 617growing inland, 21, 41, 42, 121, 547, 560, 569
Iris; home of the genus, 396
Iris fœtidissima, 24, 27, 537
Iris pseudacorus, 24, 27, 30, 430, 537, 540, 544
Isodendrion, 263
Isotoma, 255
Jacquemontia, 58, 365, 533, 552, 553, 555-7
Jacquin, on Rhizophora mangle, 457
Jambeli Island, 488-9
Johnston, Sir H., 241, 252, 510
Jouan, H., 187
Juan Fernandez, 222, 316
Juncus, 89, 471, 537, 545, 568
Junghuhn, on the climate of the Java mountains, 211
Jussiæa villosa, 533
Kadua, 262, 263
Kandavu, 207, 208
Karsten, G., on Rhizophora, 453
Kauai, 207, 208, 214
Kauri pine, 299
Keeble, F. W., on the dispersal of Loranthus, 383
Keeling atoll, 81, 190, 510
Kerguelen, 241, 242, 276
Kermadec islands, 258, 276, 295, 420, 572
Kerner, Dr., 63, 101, 277, 408, 469, 567
Kidder, Dr., 241, 276
Kilimanjaro, 251
Kinabalu, Mount, in Borneo, 286, 295-6, 301
Kirk, T., on the forest-flora of New Zealand, 299, 347, 507
Kittlitz, on Nipa fruticans, 66
Kiwi, 522
Kleinhovia hospita, 21, 105, 376, 529, 562, 602
Koebele, Prof., 212, 578
Kolpin-Ravn, on seed-buoyancy, 24, 38, 116, 538
Krakatoa beach-drift, &c., 180, 190, 206, 221
Krämer, Dr., 275, 283
Kurz, Mr., 577; on Scirpodendron, 406
Labiatæ; station and seed-buoyancy, 28, 537; mucosity of seeds, 567-8; Hawaiian endemic genera, 261-3, 518, 594
Lablab vulgaris, 413, 417, 605
Labordea, 262, 263
Labrador current and climate, 493
Lagenaria (bottle-gourds), dispersal by currents, 125, 570
Lagenophora, 240, 242, 270-2, 274-5, 276, 293-4, 305, 568
Lagerheim, Prof., on the dispersal of Empetrum nigrum, 512
Lagopus: see Tetraonidæ
Laguncularia; station and distribution, 68-9, 484, 498; dispersal by currents, 77; fruit-buoyancy, 108; fruits in beach-drift, 438; in river-drift, 489; in sea-drift, 489; germination, 77-8, 469, 471
Lamium album, 28, 537
Lamium galeobdolon, 537
Lamium purpureum, 28, 537, 568
Lapsana communis, 536
Larch, 430
Lathyrus maritimus, 35, 107, 116, 430, 432, 536, 543
Lathyrus pratensis, 536
Layard, Messrs., on birds and seeds, 143, 296, 388, 420
Leersia oryzoides, 538
Leguminosæ in littoral floras, 13, 19, 68, 76, 79-85, 87, 107, 111, 117, 140-51, 170-97, 198, 438-9; dispersal by birds, 150, 417, 581
Lemnaceæ, 407, 488, 537
Leontodon autumnalis, 536
Lepidium sativum, 567
Lepinia tahitensis, 378-9
Leucæna forsteri, 425, 529
Leucas decemdentata, 605
Ligustrum vulgare, 537
Limnanthemum, 396, 537
Linaria cymbalaria, 537
Linaria vulgaris, 537
Linden, A., on Pritchardia, 326-7
Lindenia, 395, 532, 603
Lindman, C., on the Gulf stream drift of the Scandinavian coast, 180, 430, 531
Linum, 536, 567
Lipochæta, 58, 236-7, 239, 243-4, 552-3, 556-7
Lister, Mr., 327, 356, 550
Lithospermum officinale, 537
Litsea, 508; see Additions and Corrections
Littoral plants; distribution in tropics, 68, 516, 562; causes of the buoyancy of the seeds and fruits, 104, 119, 569; long flotation experiments, 530; the littoral plants and the currents of the Pacific, 61; relation of littoral and inland species of the same genus, 130-70; the inland extension of beach plants, 34, 40, 49, 59, 121, 547-50, 559, 568, 579; 618Fijian shore plants, 13, 15, 40, 528, 547-50; Tahitian shore plants, 14, 47, 551; Hawaiian shore plants, 15, 51, 552-7, 559, 563; shore plants of west coast of South America, 474-88, 500, 596; shore plants of the Panama isthmus, 498; British shore plants, 33-6, 106, 107, 109, 115, 432-3, 540-4; halophily, 581
Lobelia, 252-6, 258, 272-3, 279
Lobelia dortmanna, 536
Lobeliaceæ, Age of, 250-60, 266-7, 304, 306, 517-20; arborescent, 250-60; Hawaiian, 253; Tahitian and Rarotongan, 256; affinities with American forms, 251, 267; relation between the flowers and birds, 504-5, 603; seed-buoyancy, 533; capacities of dispersal, 258
Locusts as seed-dispersers, 509
Loranthus, 377, 381, 383
Lotus corniculatus, 536
Luffa, 426, 472, 529, 563, 571
Lumnitzera, 43, 69, 108, 435, 437, 529, 551, 563
Luzula campestris; in Hawaii, 272, 286-8; in Tahiti, 290, 292; mucosity of the seeds and their dispersal by birds, 286, 417, 568; seed-buoyancy, 89, 537
Lychnis diurna, 536
Lycopods, 220-30, 509, 517, 592, 593
Lycopsis arvensis, 537
Lycopus europæus, 28, 37, 86, 417-8, 537, 545, 568
Lyon, Prof., on the Hawaiian rainfall, 213
Lysimachia; in Hawaii, 272, 283-5
Lysimachia thyrsiflora, 537
Lysimachia vulgaris, 536
Lythrum; in Hawaii, 362
Lythrum salicaria, 417-8, 536, 603
Maba, 371-3, 532-3
Macaranga, 381, 384, 436, 532
Macgregor, Sir W., 215
Machala plains (Ecuador), 484-5, 495
M’Lachlan, Mr., on dragon-flies in ancient drift, 510
Magellan Straits, its shore plants, 477
Maiden, Mr., on the plants of Pitcairn Island, 345, 355, 418, 562
Malayan era of the Pacific floras, 308-9, 330-2, 333, 353, 357, 359, 519
Malva rotundifolia and sylvestris, 536
Malvaceæ, the effect of sea-water on the seeds, 544
Man in the Pacific, subject to the laws of distribution, 325, 411-2, 427
Manchineel: see Hippomane
Mandarin orange; precocious germination of its seeds, 472
Mangle chico, 445, 448-9, 498, 501
Mangle grande, 445, 448-9, 498, 501
Mangrove formation, 9, 43-4, 47, 50, 53-5, 77, 132, 483-7 (Ecuador), 551, 597
Marquesas, 208, 529
Marsilea, 408
Martins, Prof., on the effects of sea-water immersion on seeds, 24, 538-9, 542-4, 546
Mascarene islands; association of several species of Pandanus with extinct Columbæ, 152, 157, 169, 517; linked to the Pacific islands by Afzelia bijuga, 172; by Acacia heterophylla, 200; by Naias marina, 368; by Potamogeton, 369; by Eugenia, 351; by Sophora, 148; by Ochrosia, 153, 580; by Pandanus, 157-9
Mat-names and plant-names in Polynesia, 324, 328
Matricaria chamomilla, 536, 568
Matricaria inodora; inland form, 536, 543; maritime form, 33-4, 109, 116, 536, 540, 543
Matricaria maritima: see under M. inodora
Maui, 207-8
Mauna Kea, 207-8, 210-4, 238, 509, 587
Mauna Loa, 207-8, 210-4, 238, 509, 587
Mauna Loa; meteorological observations on summit, 582
Mauritius: see Mascarene islands
Maxwell, Dr., on the Hawaiian rainfall, 213
Medanos, 482
Medicago; fruits frequent in beach-drift, 429, 431, 479; buoyancy of fruits, 431, 536
Medinilla, 376
Mediterranean beach-drift, 430
Megapodes, as probable seed-dispersers, 160, 169, 200, 392
Melastoma, 376, 381, 382, 532, 603
Melastoma denticulatum, 382, 532, 548
Melia, 376
Meliaceæ, 376
Melica nutans, 538
Melicope, 263
Meliphagidæ (Honey-eaters), as seed-dispersers, 321, 331, 377, 388
Melochia, 376
619Memecylon, 376
Mentha aquatica, 28, 537, 545
Menyanthes trifoliata, 537
Meryta, 381
Mesembryanthemum, 131, 478
Mesozoic continent in the Western Pacific, 303-6, 503, 509, 514, 519
Metrosideros, 259, 333, 341, 357, 361, 510, 533, 549, 553, 554, 604
Meyer, Dr., 388
Mez, C., on the genus Embelia, 363
Mezoneuron, 146, 363, 533
Micromelum, 393, 532
Miers, Mr. J., on the seed-structure of Barringtonia, 575
Millett, Mr., on the seed-buoyancy of Convolvulus soldanella, 91, 543, 566
Milner, Sir W., on seeds in petrels, 581
Mimosa pudica, 488
Mimusops kauki, 374
Miquel, on Scirpodendron, 406; on Carapa, 564
Moa, its crop-stones, 159
Mœnchia erecta, 536
Mollendo (Peru), 482, 598, 599
Momordica charantia, 532
Montia fontana, 536
Moreno Bay (Chile), its beach-drift, 480
Morinda; relation between the shore and inland species, 18, 134, 135; inland species, 42, 45, 135, 532, 534
Morinda citrifolia; distribution, 18, 52, 552, 563; station, 551; inland extension, 49, 121, 547, 548, 553, 569; buoyancy of pyrenes, 18, 107, 112, 121, 123, 124, 529, 531, 534, 569; their occurrence in river-drift, 79, 435
Moseley, Prof., 242, 276, 286, 403, 434, 579
Mountain bananas, 412, 414, 427
Mountain climates of the Pacific islands, 210-1, 214-5, 218, 582
Mountain ferns of the Pacific islands, 225-9, 593
Mountain floras of the Pacific islands, 268-306, 518-9
Mountain-shadows, 586
Mucosity of seeds, 102, 277, 417, 567
Mucuna (genus); abortive germination of seeds in sea-water, 76, 79-82, 202; long flotation experiments, 80, 81, 531; cause of seed-buoyancy, 106, 109, 111; dispersal by currents, 80, 81, 430; seeds in river-drift, 435, 488; in beach-drift, 430, 437-8, 489, 499
Mucuna gigantea, 44, 81, 94, 109, 115, 529, 531, 552, 554, 562, 563
Mucuna urens, 80, 106, 111, 123, 430 499, 531, 533, 534, 562, 563
Mueller, Dr. K., 224
Mueller, Baron von, 394
Musa, 412, 414
Musa ensete, 414, 436
Mussænda frondosa, 425, 532, 548
Mutations, 383
Myoporum, 271, 272, 274-5, 343, 533, 553-4
Myosotis, 37, 537
Myriophyllum, 37, 536
Myristica, 391, 402, 532
Myrmecodia, 402, 472, 532
Nadeaud, Dr. J., on Tahitian plants, 216, 312, 426, 578
Naias, 362, 364, 367, 409, 520, 537, 556; see Additions and Corrections
Nama, 362
Narthecium, 537
Nasturtium, 37, 536
Nathorst, Prof., 511
Natural Selection, 105, 117, 119-29
Nature-Study, 101
Nelitris, 381, 382, 532, 548
Nepeta cataria, 28, 537, 567, 568
Nepeta glechoma, 28, 537, 567, 568
Nephelium, 161, 532
Neraudia, 263
Nertera depressa, 270, 272, 285, 286, 288, 290, 292-4, 296-7, 305
Nesopanax, 265
Nestor meridionalis, its vegetable food, 321, 343
New Caledonia, 298, 301-2, 341, 395-6, 420
New Zealand birds and seed-dispersal, 296, 321, 337
New Zealand flora; from the standpoint of dispersal, 507-8; its bearing on the continental theory, 508-9, 512, 514
New Zealand plants in the Pacific islands, 271-2, 287, 290, 295, 297, 305, 315, 336-8, 341, 357, 366, 503-4, 507-9
Nicobar-pigeon, as a seed-disperser, 8, 159
Nipa fruticans, 66, 68, 108, 472, 550
Nolana, 131, 431, 477, 479, 480, 596
Norman, J. M., on Scandinavian beach-drift, 430, 432, 539, 543
Norwegian beach-drift: see Scandinavia
Nothocestrum, 262-3
Nototrichium, 262-3
Nova Zembla; plant-dispersal, 511
620Nuphar luteum, 37, 89, 513, 535
Nymphæa alba, 37, 89, 513, 535
Oahu, 207-8
Oak: see Quercus
Ochrosia; relation of coast and inland species, 134, 151; dispersal, 152-4; Schumann’s enumeration of the species, 580
Ochrosia parviflora, 49, 108, 152-4, 530, 563, 580
Ochrosia sandwicensis, 153, 580
Ocimum basilicum, 568
Œnanthe crocata, 28, 536
Œnanthe phellandrium, 536
Oldenlandia, 605
Olea, 364, 508, 533
Oliver, Prof., 171, 178, 251
Oncocarpus, 265-6; see Additions and Corrections
Ononis arvensis, 536
Ophiorrhiza, 382, 383, 532
Orchids; suggested dispersal of their seeds by insects, 509
Oregon drift on the Hawaiian coasts, 58, 72, 430, 557
Oreobolus, 271, 272, 275
Oreodoxa, 489
Osmanthus, 364
Osteomeles, 353, 354, 554
Owen Stanley range; climate of the summit, 215
Oxalis acetosella, 536
Oxalis corniculata, 349, 416, 427, 536, 604
Oxyria digyna, 512
Pachyrrhizus, 412, 413, 548
Paita (Payta), 482, 599
Palms; specific differentiation in Borneo, 504
Panama isthmus; its shore plants and seed-drift, 180, 498
Panax, 263
Pandanus, 155, 508, 517; relation between coast and inland species, 134, 155-60, 166, 169, 517; mode of dispersal, 157-60, 169; insular distribution, 156-7, 160, 169, 580
Pandanus odoratissimus; distribution, 52, 53, 156, 552, 563; station, 551; inland extension, 41, 42, 361, 548-9, 553-6, 560; dispersal by currents, 53, 158; buoyancy of fruits, 109, 530, 552; their occurrence in river-drift, 435, and in beach-drift, 437, 557-9; aboriginal food-plant, 413, 427
Pangerango, Mount; rate of decrease of temperature with elevation, 210
Panicum, 272, 284
Papaver, seed-buoyancy, 535
Papaya, 472
Paphia, 265
Parinarium, 108, 435, 529, 563
Parrots, as seed-dispersers, 321, 388, 420, 602
Partridges, as seed-dispersers, 284, 356, 367, 416
Pastinaca sativa, 28, 536
Peach-stones in beach-drift, 429, 431, 479
Pea-nuts in beach-drift, 479
Peale, Mr., 355
Pebble-swallowing by birds, 8, 159
Pedicularis palustris, 537
Pelagodendron, 265
Pelea, 263
Pemphis acidula; station, 42, 43, 551; distribution, 54, 68, 563; seed-buoyancy, 108, 114, 529
Penzig, Prof., on the beach-drift and flora of Krakatoa, 180, 189, 206, 571
Peperomia, 334, 348, 357, 417, 509
Peplis portula, 536
Perkins, Mr., on birds and seeds in Hawaii, 151, 259, 275, 321, 329, 343, 348, 364, 595; on the biological connection between the birds and the arborescent Lobeliaceæ, 255, 504, 603; on the Hawaiian fauna, 505
Perrottetia, 362
Peru; littoral flora, 474-6, 481-2; on the coast climate and the Humboldt current, 490-4, 500, 598-600; corals, 496, 601
Pes-capræ formation, 550
Petrels and seed-dispersal, 242, 511, 581
Peucedanum, in Hawaii, 362, 363
Peucedanum palustre, 536
Phaethon (Tropic-bird) and plant-dispersal, 241
Phaseolus truxillensis, 605
Philippi, on the shells of Chile, 496
Phyllanthus, 309, 325, 331, 532
Phyllostegia, 262, 263, 371, 533, 594
Physalis angulata, 605
Phytelephas, 489
Phytolacca, 362, 364
Pigeons, 356, 416, 506; see Fruit-pigeons
Pilea, 362
Pilger, R., on Podocarpus and Dacrydium, 301-2
Pimia, 265, 266
Pinguicula lusitanica, 537
Pinus sylvestris, 537
Piper, 532, 568
621Pipturus, 356
Pisonia, 61, 333, 346, 357, 568
Pistia, 435, 486-9
Pitcairn Island, 64, 345, 355, 418, 562
Pittosporum, 308, 309, 313, 509, 532
Platydesma, 263
Plantago; on tropical mountains, 269, 270; Hawaiian species, 271-2; mode of dispersal, 276; seed-mucosity, 276, 568; seed-buoyancy, 537, 540
Plantago coronopus, 33
Plantago lanceolata, 276, 537, 568
Plantago major, 276, 537, 568
Plantago maritima, 34, 478, 537, 541, 568
Plantago media, 537
Plectronia, 355, 533
Plectrophanes nivalis (Snow-bunting), as seed-disperser, 510, 511, 605
Pleiosmilax, 371-3, 532
Plerandra, 265
Plum-stones in beach-drift, 429, 431, 479
Poa; Hawaiian species, 272, 275
Poa aquatica, 538
Poa fluitans, 538
Podocarpus, 294, 297-8, 301, 306, 508, 603
Polycarpon tetraphyllum, 33
Polygala vulgaris, 536
Polygonum; dispersal by birds, 356; buoyancy of fruits, 537, 543
Polygonum amphibium, 537
Polygonum aviculare, 356, 537
Polygonum convolvulus, 356, 537
Polygonum glabrum, 354, 356, 435, 487-8
Polygonum hydropiper, 37, 537
Polygonum lapathifolium, 537
Polygonum maritimum, 35, 477, 537, 543
Polygonum persicaria, 356, 537
Polygonum viviparum, 512
Polymorphous species, discussed, 33-4, 353, 357-8, 373, 381, 391, 519, 520, 522; independent of insular conditions, 363, 368, 520; noted under Elæocarpus, 335; Dodonæa, 339; Metrosideros, 341; Alyxia, 345; Alphitonia, 346; Pisonia, 346; Wikstrœmia, 348; Sicyos, 363, 365; Naias, 368; Eurya, 372; Maba, 372; Grewia, 382; Nelitris, 382; Melastoma, 382; Loranthus, 383; Geniostoma, 384; Macaranga, 384; Tabernæmontana, 385; Bischoffia, 386; Micromelum, 393; Limnanthemum, 396; Weinmannia, 291; Vaccinium, 280-1
Polynesians; their differentiation, 325, 411, 427
Polynesian food-plants, 412-4, 427
Polynesian weeds, 415, 427, 604
Polynesian plant-names, 66, 324, 328, 341, 345, 387, 398, 414, 419, 421, 424, 425, 441, 578
Polypodium, 593
Pongamia glabra, 54, 106, 202, 529, 551, 563, 581
Pontederia, 435, 486-9
Porphyrio (Purple Water-hen), as concerned in plant-dispersal, 296, 305, 321, 331
Portulaca, 532, 552, 553-5
Potamogeton, 5, 30, 38, 369, 513, 537
Potentilla; buoyancy and station, 27
Potentilla comarum, 27, 536
Potentilla tormentilla, 27, 536
Premna; the genus in the Pacific, 560; buoyancy and station, 19, 134, 139; cause of buoyancy of the fruits of the coast species, 107, 112, 123, 124, 530, 532, 561, 569; inland extension of the coast species, 42, 547, 548, 561, 569; distribution of the species, 561, 563; occurrence of the fruits in river-drift, 112, 435, 561; modes of dispersal, 561
Prioria copaifera, in Panama beach and river-drift, 499
Pritchardia, 124, 308, 309, 326, 532, 533-4, 554-5
Prosopis dulcis, 557
Prunella vulgaris, 28, 417, 537, 568
Pseudomorus, 371
Psittacirostra, 321, 505
Psychotria, 308-9, 314, 331, 391, 532, 603
Pteris aquilina, 225, 548
Pteropidæ: see Bats
Pterotropia, 262-3, 595
Ptilotus, 263
Ptychosperma, 389, 532
Puerto Bolivar (Ecuador); sojourn of the author, 476, 484-8, 494
Pumice in beach-drift, 429, 558, 601
Puna Island (Ecuador), 489, 494
Puna coast (Hawaii), 553
Quercus, 61, 90, 126, 429, 431, 537, 538, 571
Radiola millegrana, 417, 418
Raiatea, 250, 252, 257
Raillardella, 237
Raillardia, 236-8, 240, 243-4
622Ranunculaceæ, 535, 544
Ranunculus; on tropical mountains, 269, 272; Hawaiian species, 272-3; dispersal by birds, 277, 511; buoyancy of fruits, 535
Ranunculus aquatilis, 37, 535
Ranunculus repens, 37, 86, 535, 545
Ranunculus sceleratus, 37, 535, 544, 545
Ranunculus; other British species, 535
Raphanus, 33, 478, 536, 540, 596
Rarotonga; its flora, 48, 177, 291, 295, 309, 317, 320, 323, 336, 374, 419, 425, 551, 578; altitude, 208; rainfall, 216; absence of mangroves, 50; ferns, 221-2; endemic species of flowering plants, 232; the age of arborescent Compositæ and Lobeliaceæ represented by Fitchia, 237-8; and by Sclerotheca, 250, 252, 256-7; scanty representation of Tahitian mountain plants, 293; a connection with the Kermadec islands, 295
Rauwolfia, 362
Reinecke, Dr., on the Samoan flora, 19, 232, 266, 291, 317, 387, 577, 579; on Elatostema, 405
Remya, 236-7, 243-4
Rendle, Mr., on Naias, 368
Reseda luteola, 536
“Revue Scientifique,” 506
Rewa River (Fiji); seed-drift, 76, 78, 435; temperature, 78, 564
Reynoldsia, 309, 310, 371
Rhaphidophora, 404, 532
Rhinanthus crista galli, 537, 545
Rhizophora; general discussion, 440, 520-1; dispersal by currents, 48, 77, 94, 458; the “Selala” or seedless form in Fiji, 443; its representative in Ecuador, 449, 487, 521; the genus in Ecuador, 483-7; in Panama, 498-9; absence from Hawaii, 54-5, and Tahiti, 47; germination and growth of seedling, 451, 468, 575; river-drift, 435, 460, 499; beach-drift, 437-8, 460, 499; polyembryony, 449; distribution, 54-5, 69, 520
Rhizophora mangle; in Fiji, 43, 441, 520; in Ecuador, 484-7; in Panama, 498-9; discussed in detail in Chapter XXX
Rhizophora mucronata, 43, 68; discussed in detail in Chapter XXX
Rhus, 353, 354
Rhynchospora, 272, 283-5
Richella, 265
Ricinus communis, 142, 533, 558
Ridley, Mr. H. N., on the plants of Fernando Noronha and of the Malay peninsula, 8, 144, 162, 319, 340, 386, 603
River seed-drift; Thames, 37, 85, 91, 430; Rewa (Fiji), 76, 91, 435-6; Guayaquil or Guayas River (Ecuador), 77, 91, 435, 488-9; Panama isthmus, 499; germination in river-drift, 76-8, 84, 85-6, 435, 488-9
River temperature, 78, 564
Robinson, Mr. E. Kay, on the dispersal of Aster tripolium, 605
Rodriguez Island, 157, 351; see Mascarene Islands
Rœmeria hybrida, 535
Rollandia, 252, 255, 258
Rosa arvensis, 536
Roxburgh, W., on the seed-structure of Barringtonia, 575
Rubiaceæ; appearance of the order in the Pacific islands, 261, 262
Rubus, in Hawaii, 269, 272-4, 285, 533, 604
Rumex; in Hawaii, 366; modes of dispersal, 367; fruits in Thames drift, 37, 86, 430; buoyancy of the fruits of British species, 537, 545
Ruppia maritima, 371, 372, 374, 398, 482, 537, 555
Russell, Prof., 493
Ruwenzori, Mount, 241, 251
Sachs, Prof., 100
Sadleria, 593
Sage-brush, 279
Sagina procumbens, 536
Sagittaria sagittifolia, 38, 537
Sagus vitiensis, 413
St. Helena, 8, 258
Salicornia; mode of dispersal, 482, 489, 541, 545
Salicornia herbacea, 34, 35, 537, 541, 545
Salicornia peruviana in Ecuador, 77, 484-6, 489
Salicornia; other species in Chile and Peru, 478, 482
Saline deposits of North Chile, suggested origin, 485
Salsola kali, 10, 34-6, 429, 431, 477, 479, 537, 541
Salvia verbenaca, 28, 537, 567-8
Sambucus nigra, 536
Salvinia, 488
Samoa; altitude, 208-9; few peculiar genera, 266; proportion of peculiar species of flowering plants, 232; 623littoral flora, 46; mountain flora, 290, 297, 305; peculiar species of Pandanus, 156, 580, Elatostema, 405, Eugenia, 349. Amongst other genera possessing peculiar species are Gardenia, 311, Psychotria, 315, Cyrtandra, 317, Macaranga, 384, Ficus, 387
Samolus valerandi, 34, 537, 541
Samolus, in Chile, 478
Sanicula, in Hawaii, 4, 269, 270, 272, 273, 274-5
San Lorenzo Island (Peru) in the coast-clouds, 492; decaying shells, 497
Santa Elena Point (Ecuador), its vegetation and climate, 490, 494, 597
Santa Rosa River (Ecuador), the vegetation of its banks, 486
Santalum, 272, 283-4, 285
Sapindus, 309, 325, 332
Sapota, 373, 532
Sapotaceæ, 372-4
Sararanga, 156
Saxifraga, British species, 536
Saxifragaceæ, in Hawaii, 263
Scævola; relation between littoral and inland species, 18, 134, 135; Hawaiian inland species, 18, 135, 533; Fijian inland species, 18, 532, 576; distribution, 67, 71, 564; modes of dispersal, 135, 564; buoyancy of fruits, 18, 135, 531-3
Scævola chamissoniana, Hawaii, 18, 533
Scævola gaudichaudii, Hawaii, 18, 533
Scævola floribunda, Fiji, 18, 532, 576
Scævola koenigii; distribution, 56, 135, 552, 563; station at coast, 18, 43, 551, 553-6, 560; extension inland, 42, 59, 121, 547, 553, 560, 569, 579; modes of dispersal, 57, 71, 552; buoyancy of fruits, 108, 114, 121, 122, 529, 531, 569; their occurrence in beach-drift, 437, 559; in river-drift, 79; variety, 579; synonymy, 71, 564
Scævola lobelia, 71
Scævola sericea, 579
Scandinavia; Sernander’s “Dispersal-biology,” 24; Atlantic or Gulf-stream drift, 180,189, 430, 570, 601
Schenck, Dr., 512
Scheuchzeria palustris, 537
Schiedea, 262-3
Schimper, Prof.; relation between littoral and inland species of a genus and between the littoral and inland floras, 17, 19, 130-4, 534; grouping of Malayan littoral plants, 43, 550; distribution and dispersal of tropical littoral plants, 62, 69; the littoral Leguminosæ, 201, 581; structure of the buoyant seeds and fruits of tropical plants and the question of adaptation, 104, 112-5, 119-29, 569; on Rhizophora, 441, 446, 453-4, 459; the essential climatic conditions for mangrove-growth, 470; the xerophytes and hygrophytes, 32, 40; epiphytic habit of Vaccinium, 281; miscellanea, 423, 561, 571, 577, 602; letters to the author, 43, 121, 440-1, 454; his indebtedness to Prof. Schimper’s work, 63
Schizæa, 593
Schizostege, 593
Schmidt, J., on Lathyrus maritimus, 543
Schönland, S., on the Hawaiian Lobeliaceæ, 255
Schumann, K., on Ochrosia, 153, 580; on Musa, 414, 436
“Science Gossip,” 23, 277, 369, 398, 513, 567
Scilla nutans, 537
Scirpodendron costatum, 47, 108, 405, 435, 530, 551, 552, 563
Scirpus; buoyancy of the fruits of seven British species, 537; dispersal by ducks implied in connection with the Cyperaceæ, 513
Scirpus maritimus, 34, 92, 109, 116, 537, 541
Scirpus palustris, 90, 537
Scleria; dispersal by purple water-hens, 296
Sclerotheca, 252, 256-8
Scott, J., on Indian parrots, 420
Scott-Elliot, Mr., 568
Scrophularia aquatica, 89, 537
Scrophularia nodosa, 537
Scutellaria galericulata, 28, 37, 537, 545
Scyphiphora, 109
Sea, Fijian tree, 436, 602
Sea-aster: see Aster tripolium
Sea-birds, as seed-dispersers, 188, 241, 242, 347, 506, 510-1, 514, 605
Sea-eagle, as a seed-disperser, 286
Sea-thrifts: see Armeria
Seed-mucosity: see Mucosity
Seed-stage, regarded as an adaptation, 11, 85-7, 468, 473, 521
Seed-structure; anomalies connected with a lost viviparous habit, 79, 132, 470, 473, 521, 575
624Seemann, Dr., on the Fijian flora, 172, 177, 231, 264, 421, 442, 549, 576, 577, 579, 592; on the northern limit of mangroves, 54; on Polynesian weeds, 415, 604; on Laguncularia in the Panama isthmus, 498; on willow-leaved plants, 603
Selala, the seedless Rhizophora of Fiji, 441-9, 465-6, 487, 520-1; see Rhizophora
Selliera radicans, 477
Senecio, in Hawaii, 362
Senecio aquaticus, 28, 536, 568
Senecio candidans, 477
Senecio palustris, 536
Senecio vulgaris, 536, 568
Serianthes, 108, 389, 424, 529, 563
Sernander, Dr., on the dispersal-biology of Scandinavia, 24; on the Gulf-stream drift, 180, 189, 430, 570, 601; miscellanea, 280, 511, 538, 542-3, 571
Sesbania, 528, 555
Sesuvium zone of west coast of South America, 476, 481
Sesuvium portulacastrum; in Fiji, 529; in Tahiti, 370, 528; in Tonga, 528; in Hawaii, 375, 552, 554-5; in Ecuador, 485; in Peru, 482; seed-buoyancy, 16, 529
Shaddock (Citrus decumana), 125-6, 532-3
Shadow of mountains, 586
Sibthorpia europæa, 417, 418
Sicilian beach-drift, 430
Sicyos, 362, 363, 365
Sideroxylon, 371-4, 507-8
Sida, 417, 427, 533, 555, 604
Siegesbeckia orientalis, 605
Silene, in Hawaii, 272, 279-80
Silene cucubalus, 536
Silene maritima, 33, 36, 280, 511, 536, 540, 544
Simpson, Mr. M.; precocious germination of the coco-nut, 472
Siphocampylus, 251
Sisyrinchium, 272, 273, 279, 533
Sium; buoyancy of the fruits of British species, 536
Smith, Mr. Jared G., 211, 213
Smyrnium olusatrum, 536
Smythea pacifica; distribution, 47, 264-5, 551, 562; buoyancy of fruits, 106, 112, 529; their occurrence in river-drift, 435
Snow-buntings (Plectrophanes nivalis), as seed-dispersers, 510-1, 605
Solanum aculeatissimum, 533
Solanum dulcamara, 537
Solanum nigrum (and var. oleraceum), 417, 537, 605
Solereder, H., 265
Solitaire, 8, 159
Solomon Islands, 351, 394, 400
Sonchus asper, 241, 605
Sonchus oleraceus, 536, 593
Sonneratia, 69, 108
Sophora; general discussion, 147; relation between littoral and inland species, 19, 134, 147, 165, 200; its indication in New Zealand, 508
Sophora chrysophylla, 20, 147-51, 271-2, 278, 533, 580
Sophora tetraptera, 64, 148-9, 271, 431, 478-9, 580
Sophora tomentosa; distribution, 19, 54, 68, 147-8, 563; station and habit, 201-2, 551, 581; seed-buoyancy, 107, 113, 529, 531, 579; seeds in beach-drift, 437-8
Soulamea, 265
South America; observations on the littoral flora of the west coast, 474-501; see Chile, Peru, Ecuador
Sparganium, 5, 31, 430, 513, 537, 540, 545
Species, their development in the Pacific islands; the views of Hillebrand, 226-7; the effect of the greater elevation of the Hawaiian islands on the endemism (production of new species) of the ferns, 227-8; tables showing the development of new species and new genera of the flowering plants of the Pacific islands, 232-4, 252, 255, 263, 265; the polymorphism of genera, as indicated by their fecundity in species, illustrated by Cyrtandra, 317; by Elatostema, 317, 405; and by Psychotria, 315, 391; the polymorphism of species, as indicated by their great variability, 520, 522; see Polymorphous species; the question whether the relative fecundity of two genera like Psychotria and Coprosma is to be connected with difference in antiquity or with difference in their geographical position, 315, 331; the connection between endemism and the suspension of means of dispersal by birds, 5, 7, 229; endemism thus produced nearly as pronounced with certain genera like Cyrtandra, Embelia, and Naias, in continental regions as in oceanic islands, 229, 317-3, 331, 363-4, 368, 409, 520; 625the process concerned in endemism favoured by the deterioration of plants in their capacity for dispersal, 262-3, 337, 350, 365, 507, 594-5; biological connection between plants and birds, 504-5; differentiation of climate, bird, and plant, the bird being dependent on the climate, and the plant on the bird, 378, 410, 506-7, 514, 521-2
Spergula arvensis, 536
Spergularia rubra and S. marina, 33, 36, 536, 540, 544-5
Sphacele, 362
Spiræa ulmaria, 37, 92, 536
Spitzbergen; flora and plant dispersal, 511-2, 514
Spondias dulcis, 532
Spondias lutea, 124, 438, 489, 499
Spondias, unidentified Fijian species, 602
Spring-centres for the diffusion of aquatic plants, 396, 399
Stachys, 27, 28, 537
Stapf, Dr., on the flora of Kinabalu, 101, 296, 301
Statice, 34
Station and seed-buoyancy, 16, 24, 30, 515
Stellaria, 37, 89, 536
Stenogyne, 262-3, 594-5
Sterculia, 11, 375-6, 391, 532-3
Sterculiaceæ, 10, 375
Straussia, 262-3, 364
Stromboli, its shadow, 586
Strongylodon, 80, 82, 107, 113, 123, 200, 436, 529, 531, 558, 562-3, 565
Struthious birds, suggested as seed-dispersers, 152, 159-60
Stubbs, Dr.; Agricultural Report on Hawaii, 212, 578
Stylocoryne, 532
Suæda; concerning dispersal by birds, 511
Suæda fruticosa, 34, 480, 482, 537, 541
Suæda maritima, 34, 537, 541
Suess, Prof., on the shell-fauna of Chile, 496; on the salts of ancient seas, 566
Sula: see Boobies
Suriana maritima, 105, 528, 529, 563
Swamp-hens: see Porphyrio
Symphytum officinale, 537
Tabernæmontana, 381, 385, 532
Tacca; relation between littoral and inland species, 19, 134, 138
Tacca maculata, 19, 138, 532, 548
Tacca pinnatifida, 19, 138; distribution, 138, 552, 563; modes of dispersal, 138; seed-buoyancy, 19, 108, 530, 531, 569; station, 138; growing inland, 42, 138, 547, 548, 569; as a food-plant, 138, 412, 414, 427
Tahiti; area and altitude, 207-8; temperature, 209; rainfall, 216, 218
Tahitian flora; littoral plants, 14, 47, 528, 529, 551, 552; ferns and lycopods, 220-230, 592; endemic genera and endemic species of flowering plants, 231-5; the age of Compositæ, 236-40, 245, 248; and of Lobeliaceæ, 250-2, 256-8, 266; the mountain plants, 269, 290-3, 305, 518-9 The age of Malayan plants; the general dispersal of these plants in the Pacific, 307-58; the local dispersal, (a) genera common to Tahiti and Hawaii, but not found in Fiji, 359, 370; (b) genera found in Tahiti and Fiji, but not in Hawaii, 359, 380-8; (c) residual genera (found only in Tahiti), 359, 378. The absentees from Tahiti, 360, 388 American genera in Tahiti, 379, 380
Talasinga plains: see Fiji
Tamus communis, 537
Tarawau tree of Fiji: see Dracontomelon
Taraxacum, 536
Taro, 412, 415
Taubert, P., on Strongylodon, 566
Taviuni, 207-8
Taxus baccata, 537
Teesdalia, 567
Temperature: see under Beach-temperature, Estuaries, Humboldt current
Tephrosia piscatoria; in Fiji, 42, 45, 547; in Hawaii, 56, 58, 59, 552, 553-6; buoyancy of seed and pod, 529, 562; modes of dispersal, 45, 150, 417, 562
Terminalia; relation between coast and inland species, 17, 120, 533; buoyancy, 108, 114
Terminalia katappa; distribution, 52, 54, 551, 552, 563; buoyancy of fruits, 108, 114, 529; their occurrence in beach-drift, 437, 559
Terminalia litorea or littoralis, 108, 529, 563
626Tertiary submergence of the Western Pacific archipelagoes, 245, 247, 249, 260, 267, 304-5, 306, 503, 518, 520
Tetramolopium, 236-7, 243-4
Tetraonidæ (Grouse-family), as seed-dispersers, 279, 282, 511, 514
Teucrium inflatum, 416, 605
Teucrium scorodonia, 28, 537
Thacombauia, 265
Thalictrum flavum, 535
Thames; the vegetation of the banks, 37; the seed-drift, 37-8, 85-6, 430, 539; see Additions and Corrections
Thauziès, M. A., 506
Thespesia populnea, 562; in Hawaii, 52, 552, 554-6, 558-9; in Fiji, 547, 550; seed-buoyancy, 105, 529, 530-1; beach-drift, 558-9
Thlaspi arvense, 536
Thomson, Mr. G. M., on the New Zealand flora, 508
Thomson, Dr. T., on the seed-structure of Barringtonia, 575
Thuret, M., on the buoyancy of seeds and fruits, 24, 63, 538, 542, 544, 546
Thymus, 28, 537, 568
Tibet; its flora, 34, 238
Tillandsia, 484, 486
Tonga; included in the Fijian area, 207; the littoral plants, 46; the proportion of endemic species, 232; absence of peculiar genera whether of the Compositæ or Lobeliaceæ or of any other order, 235, 266; several peculiar species of Eugenia, 349; a home for the Sapotaceæ, 374; Pritchardia pacifica thrives, 327; vegetation of the leeward plains, 550. Amongst other genera possessing peculiar species, or in other respects remarkable, are Podocarpus, 301; Pittosporum, 309; Freycinetia, 320; Elæocarpus, 335; &c.
Touchardia, 263, 594
Tournefortia argentea; distribution, 43, 64, 563; station, 42, 43, 551; buoyancy of fruits, 108, 114, 530, 531; their occurrence in beach-drift, 437
Tragopogon, fruit-buoyancy of British species, 536
Tree-Lobelias, 250-60, 266-7; see Lobeliaceæ
Treub, Dr., on the new flora of Krakatoa, 206, 221, 577
Trevesia, 309, 310, 371
Tribulus cistoides, 56, 58, 365, 366, 552, 553-6
Trichospermum, 265, 392, 532
Trifolium, 150, 536
Triglochin, 34, 36, 537, 541, 545
Trimenia, 265
Triplasandra, 262-3
Trisetum, 272, 275
Tristan da Cunha, 242, 276, 286, 364, 366
Triumfetta procumbens, 42, 43, 45, 529, 550
Triumfetta rhomboidea, 529
Tropic-bird (Phaethon), 241
Tropical beach-drift, 434-9; see Beach-drift
Tschudi, Dr., 493
Tupa, 251, 258
Tussilago farfara, 536, 546
Tussilago petasites, 536
Typha; seed-buoyancy, 537
Ulex europæus, 536
Ulmus campestris, 537
Umbelliferæ; station and fruit-buoyancy, 28, 537
Uncinia, 271-5
Urena lobata, 417, 427, 532, 604
Urera, 362
Urtica dioica, 537
Urticaceæ; represented in the early flora of Hawaii, 261, 263
Vaccinium, 4, 5, 269, 270, 272, 274-5, 280-2, 290-4, 297, 305, 343
Valerianella, 536
Vallesia, 154
Valparaiso; beach-plants and beach-drift, 477-9
Vandellia crustacea, 605
Van Tieghem, on Brackenridgea, 570
Vanua Levu; area, altitude, and rainfall, 207-8, 216
Varigny, Dr. H. de, 506
Vascular cryptogams in the Pacific islands, 222, 592; see also under Ferns and Lycopods
Veitchia, 401, 532
Verbena officinalis, 537
Veronica; buoyancy of the fruits of British species, 537
Veronica beccabunga, 37, 537, 568
Vicia; in the Hawaiian mountain-flora, 272, 278
Vicia faba; dispersed by pigeons, 150, 417
Vicia sativa; seed-buoyancy, 536
Victoria Institute, 66
Vigna; relation between littoral and inland species, 134, 139
Vigna lutea; in Hawaii, 56-7, 139, 552, 554, 558-9, 560; in Fiji, 550; distribution, 68, 563; 627seeds dispersed by currents, 57; seed-buoyancy, 56, 106, 529; seeds in beach-drift, 437-8, 558-9; seeds in river-drift, 435, 489 (species in last case unidentified)
Viola; in Hawaiian mountain-flora, 253, 272; modes of dispersal, 277; seed-buoyancy, 533, 536; seed-mucosity, 278, 567-8
Viscum, 355, 358, 377, 536
Vitex; relation between littoral and inland species, 134, 137
Vitex trifolia; station and distribution, 50, 551-2, 563-4; growing inland, 42, 547-8, 560; dispersal by currents, 56, 57, 564; buoyancy of fruits, 108, 122, 530; their occurrence in river-drift, 435, and in beach-drift, 559; dispersal by birds, 57, 122, 564; see Additions and Corrections Variety, unifoliolata, 108, 547-8, 552, 556, 559, 560
Vitex agnus castus, 109, 431
Viti Levu, 207-8
Vivipary (germination on the plant), 78, 84-7, 132, 191, 468, 521, 564, 574-6; a lost habit with many plants and only indicated by anomalies in seed-structure, 79, 132, 470, 473, 521, 575
Vries, Prof. H. de, 573
Walker, Mr. F. P., 490, 495, 597
Wallace, Mr. A. R., 7, 242, 247, 259, 400
Wallis Island, 349, 551
Walsh, Canon, on the Cordyline of the Maoris, 420
Waltheria americana, 375, 416, 427, 533, 553-4, 604
Waltheria pyrolæfolia, 375
Warburg, Dr., 54; on Pandanus, 155-8, 580; on Freycinetia, 319-22, 510; on the Samoan species of Ficus, 387
Warming, E., on Rhizophora, 450, 453
Webster, Mr. H., on Ecuador, 495
Wedelia, 108, 116, 529, 551, 563
Weed, Prof., 277, 364
Weeds of Polynesia, 415, 427, 604
Weinmannia, 290-1, 292-4, 297, 305
Whymper, Mr., on insects at great altitudes, 510, 583
Wichmann, A., on the submergence of the Western Pacific islands, 304
Wiglesworth, Mr., on Polynesian birds, 66, 296
Wikstrœmia, 45, 333, 348, 357, 530
Wilkes, Commodore; meteorological observations on the summit of Mauna Loa, 210, 583, 585, 586
Wilkesia, 236-7, 240, 243-4
Willow-leaved river-side plants, 395, 603
Wilson, Mr. S. B., on the vegetable food of Hawaiian birds, 151, 321
Winds; in plant-dispersal, 226, 259, 511; on the summit of Mauna Loa, 583; see Drying-winds
Wolff, Dr., on Ecuador, 476, 486, 494-5
Wolffia, found by the author in Fiji, 408
Wollastonia, 109
Woodford, Mr. C. M., 66
Xerophytes, 32, 39, 201, 515
Ximenia americana, 107, 113, 115, 122, 128, 529, 563
Yams, 412-4
Zannichellia palustris, 537
Zippelius, on Scirpodendron, 406
Richard Clay and Sons, Limited
BREAD STREET HILL, E.C., AND
BUNGAY, SUFFOLK.
Transcriber’s Note
Some corrections have been made to the original text. In particular, punctuation has been normalized and ditto marks have been replaced by the text they represent. Scale bars have been added to the illustrations where a scale is indicated. Corrections listed in Additions and Corrections have been made in cases where words or phrases are to be substituted or removed. The page numbers in the Additions and Corrections have been corrected and the order has been adjusted accordingly.
Further corrections are as follows:
p. 48 seseedlings will float uninjured -> seedlings will float uninjured
p. 467 in the case of Bruguiera rheedi -> in the case of Bruguiera rheedii