M

Ma T’ien-jung. His fox-friend and his marriage, 372 sq.

Ma Yüan-shuai. Generalissimo Ma, a three-eyed monster, 207

Ma-t’ou Niang. ‘Lady with the Horse’s Head,’ See Ts’an Nü

Magic. Gourd, 347; rope, 348; circle, 357–358; Fire-quenching Fan, 359 sq.

Magicians. T’u Hsing-sun, 147; Chü Liu-sun, 147; Kuo P’o, 223; Yang Jên, 242; Yeh Fa-shan, 294–295

Mahayanistic Buddhism, 118

Maitrêya. Mi-lo Fo; the successor of Shâkyamuni, 120

Manchu-s. Extent of China at time of conquest by, 18; conquer China, 28; symbol of dragon on flag, 28

Manchuria. As part of China, 27

Maniac’s Mite. Legend of the, 401–402

Mao Êrh-chieh. Chu Pa-chieh and, 335

Maritchi. See Tou Mu Page 442

Marriage, 22 sq.; concubinage, 22–23; age for, 23; matchmaker or go-between, 23; divorce, 23; remarriage, 23–24; changes in ceremonial of, 24–25; object of, 24; of the gods, 99; of the River-god, 225 sq.

Maruta. Vedic storm-demons, 198

Measures, Weights and, 49

Medicine. Primitive knowledge of, 55–56; Ministry of, 246–247; Gods of, 247–248

Mên Shên. Gods of the Door, 165, 172 sq.; legend of, 172 sq.; Shên Shu and Yû Lû as, 173; Ch’in Shu-pao and Hu Ching-tê as, 173–174; Wei Chêng and, 174

Mencius, Mêng K’o, or Mêng Tzŭ. Teacher and philosopher; his cosmogony, 80; and the First Cause, 90

Mêng K’o. See Mencius

Mêng Tzŭ. See Mencius

Merchants. Shang; the fourth class of the people, 28

Mercy, Goddess of. See Kuan Yin and Miao Shan

Mi-lo. A river; Ch’ü Yüan drowns himself in, 152

Mi-lo Fo. Maitrêya; the successor of Shâkyamuni, 120

Miao. Creation legends of the, 406 sq.; legend of the tailed tribes, 422 n.

Miao Chi. A Taoist priest; and T’ai I, 142–143

Miao Ch’ing. Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; marries Chao K’uei, 258; canonized, 286

Miao Chuang, or P’o Chia. First name Lo Yü; kinglet of Hsi Yü, 253; Hsing Lin kingdom of, 253; Chao Chên minister to, 253; Ch’u Chieh general to, 253; Pao Tê (Po Ya) Queen of, 253; prays for a son, 253–254; birth of daughters to, 256–257; exiles Miao Shan, 260; orders destruction of the Nunnery of the White Bird, 264; orders death of Miao Shan, 265 sq.; is punished for burning the nunnery, 274 sq.; is healed by Miao Shan, 276 sq.; conspiracy against, 277 sq.; goes to Hsiang Shan, 283; his repentance, 284 sq.; canonized, 287

Miao Shan, Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; her ambition, 257–258; her renunciation, 258 sq.; at the Nunnery of the White Bird, 261 sq.; worships Buddha, 262; receives spiritual aid, 262–263; saves the nunnery, 264; her execution ordered, 265 sq.; visits the infernal regions, 267–268; makes Hell a paradise, 268; her virtue is tested, 269; and Ju Lai, 269–270; attains to perfection, 271; becomes a Buddha, 271, 286; and Shan Ts’ai, 271 sq.; tests Shan Ts’ai’s fidelity, 272–273; sends help to son of Lung Wang, 273–274; disguises herself as a priest-doctor, 275 sq.; suffers in order that her father may be cured, 277, 279 sq.; defeats conspiracy of the King’s sons-in-law, 278–279. See also Kuan Yin

Miao Yin. Daughter of Miao Chuang, 257; marries Ho Fêng, 258; canonized, 286

Mid-autumn Festival (All Souls’-Day), 35, 44–45

Middle Kingdom. A term for the Chinese Empire, 29

Middle Spirit Festival, 44

Military System. In primitive times, 32–33; in relation to the ruler, 33; weapons, 33; standing armies, 33; changes in, 33–34

Ministry-ies. Of Agriculture, 50–51; celestial, 164, 198–199; of Epidemics, 240–241; of Exorcism, 248; of Fire, 236; of Medicine, 246–247; of Smallpox, 246–247; of Thunder and Storms, 198; of Time, 194; of Waters, 212

Ming Huang. Emperor; and Hsü Hao, 249–250

Mo Ti. See Mo Tzŭ

Mo Tzŭ, Mu Tzŭ, or Mo Ti A philosopher; and creation, 89–90; apotheosized, 148

Mo-li. The Four Diamond Kings of Heaven, 120 sq.

Mohammedans. Represented in Chinese Republican flag, 28

Monarchical Period. Duration of, 18; marriage in, 24; establishment of, 27; administrative system in, 29; appointment to Page 443office in, 29; funeral rites in, 40–41

Mongolia. A dependency of China, 27

Mongols. Their rule over China, 21

Monism. Transition to, from dualism, 85–86; Chu Hsi and, 86–87; Lao Tzŭ and, 87–88

Monkey. Becomes a god, 325 sq.

Monogamy. In China, 22–23

Moon. P’an Ku and the, 77–78; influences terrestrial events, 176; symbol of the, 176; hare in the, 176, 179; worship of the, 176; Shên I visits the, 187–188

Moon-queen. See Ch’ang Ô

Mother. The Earth-mother, 82, 109–110, 165; Golden, of the Tortoise, 136; Bushel—see Tou Mu; of Heaven, 150; Old, of the Waters, 220 sq.

Mountain-s. Sacrifices offered on T’ai Shan, 127; ‘the Five,’ Wu Yüeh, 242; Hua Shan, sacred, 253; monkey under the, 345–346

Mourning. Methods of, 40

Mu Kung, Tung Wang Kung, or Tung-hua Ti-chün. God of the Immortals, 136; how formed, 136; and yang principle, 136; sovereign of the Eastern Air, 136–137; his servants, Hsien T’ung and Yü Nü, 136; and Shên I, 185–186. See also Tung Wang Kung

Mu Tzŭ. See Mo Tzŭ

Mu Yeh. Battle of, 152–153

Mu-cha. See Li Mu-cha

Mulberry-trees. Goddess of, 169

Mutilations. Practised by the Chinese, 38–39

Mythology, 60 sq.; definition of, 60; Chinese rigidity and, 61, 63–64; intellect and, 61; effect of Confucianism on, 61–62; influence of religion on, 62–63; effect of Buddhism on, 62–63; history and, 63; character of Chinese, 67–68, 423; sources of Chinese, 69 sq.; doubt and, 73–74; legend and, 74–75; parallelisms between Chinese and Hebrew, 79 n.; cosmogony and, 92

Myth-s. Prerequisites to, 64 sq.; periods fertile in, 68–69; phases of, 71 sq.; Sung philosophers and, 73; a nature myth, 133; myths of the stars, 176 sq.; of time, 194 sq.; of thunder, 198 sq.; of lightning, 203–204; of wind, 204–205; of rain, 205 sq.; of the waters, 208; of fire, 236 sq.; of epidemics, medicine, exorcism, etc., 240 sq.; effect of philosophy on, 423