Myths and Legends of China
E. T. C. (Edward Theodore Chalmers) Werner
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Table of contents
1. Front matter2. Myths & Legends of China3. George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd. London Bombay Sydney4. Preface5. Illustrations6. Chapter I The Sociology of the Chinese Racial Origin7. Southern Origin Improbable8. Expansion of Races from North to South9. Arrival of the Chinese in China10. The K’un-lun Mountains11. Provisional Conclusion12. Inorganic Environment13. Organic Environment14. Sociological Environment15. Physical, Emotional, and Intellectual Characters16. Marriage in Early Times17. Marriage in Monarchical and Republican Periods18. Parents and Children19. Political History20. General Government21. Laws22. Local Government23. Military System24. Ecclesiastical Institutions25. Professional Institutions26. Accessory Institutions27. Bodily Mutilations28. Funeral Rites29. Laws of Intercourse30. Habits and Customs31. Sports and Games32. Domestic Life33. Industrial Institutions34. Arts35. Agriculture and Rearing of Livestock36. Sentiments and Moral Ideas37. Religious Ideas38. Superstitions39. Knowledge40. Language41. Achievements of the Chinese42. Chapter II On Chinese Mythology Mythology and Intellectual Progress43. The Influence of Religion44. History and Myth45. Chinese Rigidity46. The Prerequisites to Myth47. Stimulus Necessary48. Persistent Soul-expression49. The Character of Chinese Myth50. Periods Fertile in Myth51. Sources of Chinese Myth52. Phases of Chinese Myth53. Tso-ch’iu Ming and Lieh Tzŭ54. The T’ang and Sung Epochs55. Myth and Doubt56. Myth and Legend57. Chapter III Cosmogony-p’an Ku and the Creation Myth The Fashioner of the Universe58. The Sun and the Moon59. P’an Ku and Ymer60. P’an Ku a Late Creation61. Nü Kua Shih, the Repairer of the Heavens62. Early Cosmogony Dualistic63. The Canon of Changes64. Chou Tzŭ’s “T’ai Chi T’u”65. Chu Hsi’s Monistic Philosophy66. Lao Tzŭ’s “Tao”67. Confucius’s Agnosticism68. Mo Tzŭ and Creation69. Mencius and the First Cause70. Lieh Tzŭ’s Absolute71. Popular Cosmogony still Personal or Dualistic72. Chapter IV The Gods of China The Birth of the Soul73. The Populous Otherworld74. Worship of Shang Ti75. Worship of T’ien76. Confusion of Shang Ti and T’ien77. The Otherworld Similar to this World78. The Three Religions79. The Super-triad80. Worship of the Living81. Confucianism82. Confucius not a God83. The God of Literature84. Wên Ch’ang and the Great Bear85. Wên Ch’ang and Tzŭ T’ung86. Heaven-deaf and Earth-dumb87. Mr Redcoat88. Mr Redcoat nods his Head89. Mr Golden Cuirass90. The God of War91. The Meat-seller’s Challenge92. The Oath in the Peach-orchard93. Buddha, the Law, and the Priesthood94. Diamond Kings of Heaven95. Legend of the Diamond Kings96. Hua-hu Tiao devours Yang Chien97. The Three Pure Ones98. The Three Causes99. Yüan-shih T’ien-tsun100. An Avatar of P’an Ku101. Yü Huang102. The Cask of Pearls103. The Legend of Yü Huang104. T’ung-t’ien Chiao-chu105. Immortals, Heroes, Saints106. The God of the Immortals107. Hsi Wang Mu108. The Feast of Peaches109. The First Taoist Pope110. The Founder of Modern Taoism111. The Peach-gathering112. Chang Tao-ling’s Great Power113. T’ai I114. Goddess of the North Star115. Snorter and Blower116. Blue Dragon and White Tiger117. Apotheosized Philosophers118. Fanning the Grave119. Husband and Wife120. Canonized Generalissimos121. The Three Musical Brothers122. Chiang Tzŭ-ya123. The Battle of Mu Yeh124. A Legend of Chiang Tzŭ-ya125. No-cha defeats Chang Kuei-fang126. Tzŭ-ya goes to K’un-lun127. He receives the List of Immortals128. The Soaring Head129. The Ancient Immortal saves the Situation130. Ch’iung Hsiao’s Magic Scissors131. Chiang Tzŭ-ya defeats Wên Chung132. The Red Sand Battle133. Further Fighting134. Thousand-li Eye and Favourable-wind Ear135. How the Brothers were Defeated136. Celestial Ministries137. Protectors of the People138. The Ch’êng-huang139. The Kitchen-god140. Ts’an Nü141. The God of Happiness142. The God of Wealth143. The God of Longevity144. The Door-gods145. Chinese Polytheism146. Chapter V Myths of the Stars Astrological Superstitions147. Various Star-gods148. Shooting the Heavenly Dog149. The Sun-king150. The Steep Summit151. The Divine Archer152. Vanquishes the Wind-spirit153. Dispels the Nine False Suns154. Slays Various Dangerous Creatures155. Builds a Palace for Chin Mu156. Kills Chisel-tooth157. Hêng Ô flies to the Moon158. The Sun-palace and the Bird of Dawn159. Shên I visits the Moon160. Star-worship161. The Herdsman and the Weaver-girl162. The Twenty-eight Constellations163. A Victim of Ta Chi164. Myths of Time165. The Planet Jupiter166. Legend of T’ai Sui167. Worship of T’ai Sui168. Chapter VI Myths of Thunder, Lightning, Wind, and Rain The Ministry of Thunder and Storms169. The President of the Ministry of Thunder170. The Duke of Thunder171. Lei Kung in the Tree172. The Mysterious Bottle173. Lei Chên-tzŭ174. The Mother of Lightning175. The God of the Wind176. The Master of Rain177. The One-legged Bird178. Ma Yüan-shuai179. Chapter VII Myths of the Waters The Dragons180. The Dragon-kings181. The Foolish Dragon182. The Ministry of Waters183. An Unauthorized Portrait184. The Shipwrecked Servant185. A Battle and its Results186. The Dragon in the Pond187. The Spirits of the Well188. The Dragon-king’s Daughter189. Golden Dragon Great Prince190. The Old Mother of the Waters191. Hsü, the Dragon-slayer192. The Spiritual Alligator193. The Great Flood194. The Marriage of the River-god195. Legend of the Building of Peking196. Chu-ti197. The Sealed Packet198. A Desolate Region199. The Prince opens the Sealed Packet200. The City is Founded201. General Prosperity202. A Drought and its Cause203. The Prince’s Dream204. The Pursuit of the Dragons205. An Unexpected Flood206. The Waters Subside207. The Origin of Chên-shui T’a208. Chapter VIII Myths of Fire The Ministry of Fire209. A Conflagration210. C’ih Ching-tzŭ211. The Red Emperor212. Hui Lu213. The Fire-emperor214. Chapter IX Myths of Epidemics, Medicine, Exorcism, Etc. The Ministry of Epidemics215. The President of the Ministry216. The Plague-disseminating Umbrellas217. The Five Graduates218. The Emperors Strategy219. The Musicians are Slain220. The Emperor Tormented221. The Graduates Canonized222. The Ministry of Medicine223. The Medicine-gods224. The Ministry of Exorcism225. The Exorcism of ‘Emptiness and Devastation’226. Chapter X The Goddess of Mercy The Guardian Angel of Buddhism227. The Buddhist Saviour228. Miao Chuang desires an Heir229. Prayers to the Gods230. The Murder of the Tais231. Birth of the Three Daughters232. Miao Shan’s Ambition233. Her Sisters Marry234. Miao Shan’s Renunciation235. She is Exiled to the Garden236. The Nunnery of the White Bird237. Her Reception at the Nunnery238. She makes Offering to the Buddha239. Spiritual Aid240. The Nunnery on Fire241. The Execution of Miao Shan242. Miao Shan visits the Infernal Regions243. Hell a Paradise244. A Test of Virtue245. Miao Shan attains to Perfection246. A Ruse247. The Transformation of Shan Ts’ai248. ‘Brother and Sister’249. The King’s Punishment250. The Disguised Priest-doctor251. Strange Medicine252. A Conspiracy that Failed253. A Confession and its Results254. The Gruesome Remedy255. Half-measures256. The King Cured257. The King’s Daughter258. The King and Queen taken Prisoners259. The King’s Repentance260. Sackcloth and Ashes261. The King renounces the Throne262. Pardon of the Green Lion and the White Elephant263. Miao Shan becomes a Buddha264. Chapter XI The Eight Immortals Pa Hsien265. Li T’ieh-kuai266. Chung-li Ch’üan267. Lan Ts’ai-ho268. Chang Kuo269. Ho Hsien Ku270. Lü Tung-pin271. Han Hsiang Tzŭ272. Ts’ao Kuo-chiu273. Pa Hsien Kuo Hai274. Chapter XII The Guardian of the Gate of Heaven Li, the Pagoda-bearer275. An Avatar of the Intelligent Pearl276. A Precocious Youth277. The Slaying of the Dragon-king’s Son278. An Unruly Son279. Drastic Measures280. No-cha draws a Bow at a Venture281. Another Encounter282. No-cha commits Hara-Kiri283. A Habitation for the Soul284. Li Ching destroys his Son’s Statue285. No-cha consults his Master286. A New No-cha287. A Battle between Father and Son288. Peace at the Last289. Chapter XIII A Battle of the Gods Multifarious Versatile Divinities290. Chun T’i291. The One-eyed Peacock292. Arrangements for the Siege293. Impediments294. Offence and Defence295. Attempts at Revenge296. The Golden-bearded Turtle297. The Battle Won298. Buddhahood299. Chapter XIV How the Monkey Became a God The Hsi Yu Chi300. Legend of Sun Hou-tzŭ301. A Rod of Iron302. Grand Master of the Heavenly Stables303. Grand Superintendent of the Heavenly Peach-garden304. Double Immortality305. Sun Hou-tzŭ Captured306. Sun escapes from Lao Chün’s Furnace307. Broad-jump Competition308. Conditions of Release309. Sha Ho-shang310. Sha Ho-shang becomes Baggage-coolie311. Chu Pa-chieh312. Hsüan Chuang, the Master313. The Released Carp314. The Chuang Yüan Murdered315. Hsüan Chuang finds his Grandmother316. The Murderer Executed317. The Carp’s Gratitude318. Pai Ma, the White Horse319. Perils by the Way320. The Grove of Cypress-trees321. A Proposal of Marriage322. Blind Man’s Buff323. The Lotus Cave324. The Monkey under the Mountain325. The Magic Gourd326. The Magic Rope327. The Master Rescued328. The Red Child Demon329. A Prospective Feast330. The Generals Tricked331. The Demons of Blackwater River332. The Slow-carts Country333. Restraints on Freedom334. Immortal for Suffering335. The Saviour of the Buddhists336. Anger of the Buddhist Priests337. Sun bestows Talismans338. The Magic Circle339. Help from Ju Lai340. The Fire-quenching Fan341. The Power of the Magic Fan342. Defeat of the Ox-demon343. The Lovely Women344. An Awkward Predicament345. How the Master was Rescued346. The Spiders and the Extinguisher347. Shaving a Whole City348. The Return to China349. The Travellers Honoured350. Chapter XV Fox Legends The Fox351. Fox Legends352. The Boon-companion353. The Alchemist9354. Chapter XVI Miscellaneous Legends The Unnatural People355. The Pygmies356. The Giants357. The Headless People358. The Armless People359. The Long-armed and Long-legged People360. The One-eyed People and Others361. The Feathered People, etc.362. The People of the Punctured Bodies363. The Women’s Kingdom364. The Land of the Flying Cart365. The Expectant Wife366. The Wild Men367. The Jointed Snake368. The Casting of the Great Bell369. The Cursed Temple370. The Maniac’s Mite371. The City-god of Yen Ch’êng372. The Origin of a Lake373. Miao Creation Legends374. The Dream of the South Branch375. Ch’un-yü Fên enters the Locust-tree376. He marries the King’s Daughter377. He writes to his Father378. He takes Office379. He meets with Disasters380. He returns Home381. Ch’un-yü Regenerate382. Two Tribes at War383. The Chief’s Promise384. A Strange Contract385. The Chiefs Curiosity386. And of a Worship387. Conclusion388. The Pronunciation of Chinese Words389. Sound390. Tone391. Rhythm392. A393. B394. C395. D396. E397. F398. G399. H400. I401. J402. K403. L404. M405. N406. O407. P408. Q409. R410. S411. T412. U413. V414. W415. Y416. Uniform with this Volume