Index
Reading edition
A
Acres, Birt, 152, 154, 176.
After-images, 18, 45.
Aguilon, François d’, 46, 47, 109, 166.
Ailly, Pierre d’, 26.
Alberti, Leone Battista, 30, 31, 38, 41, 65, 165.
Albertus Magnus, St., 32, 164.
Alhambra Theatre, 153.
Alhazen, 13, 21–23, 26, 31, 161, 164.
Alkindi, 164.
Almeida, 172.
American Mutoscope (& Biograph) Company, 141, 158.
Amet, Edwin Hill, 176.
Angiers, 172.
Animatograph, 153.
Anorthoscope, 94, 96.
Anschütz, Ottomar, 126, 134, 139, 143, 146, 147, 154–156, 174, 176.
Appleton, 176.
Archer, Frederick Scott, 112, 116.
Archimedes, 13, 18–22, 39, 63, 77, 103, 161, 163.
Aristotle, 13, 17, 18, 21, 22, 32, 64, 161, 163.
Armat, Thomas, 11, 154–160, 176.
Arzonis, Pierro de, 40.
Averroës, 164.
Avias & Hoffman, 176.
Avicenna, 164.
B
Babbage, Charles, 84, 169.
Bacon, Roger, 23, 24–28, 32–34, 38, 45, 68, 161, 164.
Banks, Joseph, 84.
Barbaro, Daniello, 39, 41, 166.
Barberini, Francesco Cardinal, 10, 51, 57.
Baron, Auguste, 176.
Baxter & Wray, 176.
Bayard, Hippolyte, 170.
Beale, Lionel Smith, 172, 173.
Bedts, Rider de, 176.
Benedetti, Giovanni Battista, 39–41, 166.
Bets, 176.
Bial, Albert, 11. See also Koster & Bial’s Music Hall.
Bio-Phantoscope, 141.
Biograph, 158.
Bioscope:
Demeny’s, 145;
Duboscq’s, 109;
Foucauld’s, 172;
Paul’s, 176.
Bjerknes, 124.
“Black Art.” See Necromancy.
Blair Company, 153.
Bliss School of Electricity, 154.
Boethius, 164.
Bouly, Léon, 150.
Bourbouze, 121, 172.
Boyle, Robert, 167.
Brahe, Tycho, 43.
Brewster, David, 83, 169, 171.
Briggs, Caspar W., 112, 114, 173.
Brown, Arthur, 120.
Brown, F., 176.
Brown, O. B., 112, 113, 172.
Brun, 176.
Burning Glasses, 19–21, 63, 65, 103, 163.
C
Cagliostro, Alessandro conte di, 76.
Calotype. See Talbot calotype process.
Camera: See also Camera lucida and Camera obscura;
“battery system” (Muybridge-Isaacs), 120, 122, 126, 127, 173;
motion picture, 116, 117, 125, 126, 129, 133, 136, 141, 150–153, 155, 157, 158, 174, 175, 176;
portable, 45, 46, 143, 145, 146, 152, 167, 168;
with microscope, 145;
with projector, 142, 143.
Camera lucida, 30, 38, 39, 65, 167, 169. See also Camera.
Camera obscura, 26, 29–31, 33–45, 53, 73, 107, 165, 166, 170. See also Camera.
Carbutt, John, 133, 174.
Cardano, Girolamo, 20, 34, 35, 165.
Carpentier, Jules, 150, 176.
Case, Theodore, 160.
Casler, Herman, 157.
Cave of Font-de-Faune. See Font-de-Faune, Cave of.
Cercle de Gymnastique Rationnelle, 125.
Cesariano, Cesare, 32–34, 165.
Chales, Claude François Milliet de, 58, 62, 64–66, 68, 69, 167.
Charles, Jacques Alexandre César, 168.
Cheri-Rousseau, 176.
Chevalier, Albert, 159.
Chicago World’s Fair. See Expositions.
Chinese Shadow Plays. See Shadow Plays.
Choreutoscope, 173.
Choreutoscope Tournant, 172.
Chronophotographe, 143.
Chronophotography, 116, 126, 174.
Cinématographe, 150–151, 175.
Cinematoscope, 154. See also Kinematoscope.
Clarke, E. M., 170.
Claudet, Antoine François Jean, 110, 111, 171.
Clement & Gilmer, 176.
Collegio Romano, 9, 10, 46, 51, 59, 60, 63.
Color Perception, 88.
Color Photography, 117, 143, 157.
Color Printing, 117.
Color Projection. See Projection.
Continsouza, Pierre Victor, 176.
Cook and Bonelli, 172.
Cotton States Exposition. See Expositions.
Croft, W. C., 139, 175.
Crookes, 124.
Cruikshank, George, 81.
D
Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé, 106, 109, 141, 170.
Daguerreotype, 107, 108, 110.
D’Aguilon, François. See Aguilon, François d’.
D’Ailly, Pierre. See Ailly, Pierre d’.
Danti, E., 39.
Da Vinci, Leonardo. See Vinci, Leonardo da.
Day, Wilfred, 144.
Dealers, commercial, 69, 102, 137, 158.
De Bedts, Rider. See Bedts, Rider de.
De Chales, Claude François Milliet. See Chales, Claude François Milliet de.
De Forest, Lee, 160.
Della Porta, Giovanni Battista. See Porta, Giovanni Battista della.
Demeny, Georges, 125, 133, 139, 145, 146, 150, 176.
De Moland, Humbert. See Moland, Humbert de.
Desvignes, Pierre Hubert, 171.
De Valesius, George. See Valesius, George de.
Diaphragm, 39.
Dickson, Antonia, 137.
Dickson, William Kennedy Laurie, 133, 134, 136, 137, 157, 158, 174.
Disks: See also Phénakisticope;
glass, 128;
magic, see Plateau-Stampfer Magic Disks;
mica, 114;
Plateau-Stampfer, see Plateau-Stampfer Magic Disks;
revolving, see Revolving Disks;
zinc shutter, 128.
Disney, Walt, 14, 153.
Dom-Martin, 176.
Donisthorpe, Wordsworth, 130, 131, 139, 140, 146, 148, 152, 173, 175.
Drumont, 176.
Dry-plate Photography. See Photography.
Duboscq, Jules, 109, 110, 170, 171.
Du Hauron, Louis Ducos, 117, 118, 172.
Duhousset, Col., 116.
Dumont, Thomas Hooman, 171.
Duval, Mathias, 116, 125.
E
Eames, Owen A., 176.
Eastman, George, 130, 134, 140, 150, 174, 175.
Edison, Thomas Alva, 12, 61, 102, 126, 128–138, 141, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 154, 157–161, 173–175.
Edgeworth, Maria, 81.
Eidoloscope, 157.
Electrical Tachyscope, 127, 134, 139, 154–156, 174.
English Mirrors. See Mirrors.
Euclid, 21, 163.
Euler, Leonhard, 168.
Evans, Mortimer, 139, 142, 148, 175.
Expositions:
Chicago World’s Fair, 127, 136, 154;
Cotton States, 155;
Paris—1889, 128, 134;
Works of All Nations, 108–110.
F
Fantascope, 78, 93, 94, 96, 109, 170. See also Phantoscope and Phénakisticope.
Faraday, Michael, 87, 91, 92, 94, 95, 109, 111, 170.
Film: See also Eastman and Goodwin;
celluloid, 133, 142, 144, 147, 150, 172, 174;
on spools or reels, 133, 148;
painted, 147, 153;
paper, 126, 132, 140, 174;
perforated or notched, 133, 134, 145, 150;
plastic, 134, 142, 150, 153, 157, 174;
unperforated, 145, 158.
Fitton, William, 84, 169.
Flammarion, C., 116.
Fontaine, 129.
Font-de-Faune, Cave of, 14.
Forest, Lee de. See De Forest, Lee.
Foucauld, Léon, 172.
Franklin, Benjamin, 74, 168.
Friese-Greene, William. See Greene, William Friese.
G
Galen, 164.
Galileo, 45.
Gammon. See Raff & Gammon.
Gaumont, Léon, 146, 150.
Gauthier, 176.
Geber, 164.
Geissler, Heinrich, 127.
Geissler tube. See Projection Light Sources.
Georgiades, George, 138, 151.
Gilmore, W. E., 158.
Giovio, Benedetto, 33.
Glass Slides. See Slides.
Glasses, Burning. See Burning Glasses.
Goodwin, Hannibal Williston, 174, 175.
Gossart, A., 176.
Govi, 124.
Gravesande, Willem Jakob van’s. See Van’s Gravesande, Willem Jakob.
Greene, William Friese, 139, 142–144, 148, 175.
Grey, 176.
Grimoin-Sanson, Raoul, 176.
Guinard, Pierre L., 168.
Gutenberg, 165.
Guyot, Jean Gilles, 71, 72, 75.
H
Hammond’s Teleview, 111.
Harris, Augustus, 153.
Harris, John, 167.
Hauron, Louis Ducos du. See Du Hauron, Louis Ducos.
Hauslab, Field Marshall von, 99, 102.
Heliocinegraphe, 110.
Heliostat, 167.
Heliotypes, 169.
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von, 124.
Herschel, John, 84, 169.
Heyl, Henry Renno, 112–114, 121, 172.
Holland, Andrew, M., 137.
Holland Bros., 151.
Hooke, Robert, 167.
Hopkins, Alfred, 130.
Hopwood, Cecil M., 176.
Horner, William George, 109, 170.
Howard, F., 176.
Hoxie, Charles A., 160.
Hughes, W. C., 176.
Hunt, Robert, 108.
Hunter, Rudolph Melville, 156.
Hyalotype, 108, 171.
Hyatt Company, 133, 153.
Hyatt, John Wesley, 172.
Hydrocarbon Lamp. See Projection Light Sources.
I
Illusion of Motion. See Motion, Illusion of.
Illusions, Optical, 63, 73.
Intermittent Movement. See Movement, Intermittent.
Isaacs, John D., 118, 120, 173.
J
Jacob, Willem, 144.
Janssen, Pierre Jules César, 116, 125, 173.
Janssen, Zachary, 45.
Japanese Mirrors. See Mirrors.
“Jazz Singer, The,” 160.
Jenkins, C. (Charles) Francis, 155, 156, 176.
Jennings, W. N., 143.
“J. M.”, 87, 169.
Joly, Henri, 176.
K
Kaleidophone, 169.
Kaleidoscope, 53, 83, 169.
Kaster, Captain, 84.
Keith’s Theatre, 151.
Kepler, Johannes, 43–46, 166.
Kesler, John Stephan, 60.
Kinematoscope, 112, 114, 172. See also Cinematoscope.
Kineograph, 172.
Kineopticon, 154.
Kinesigraph, 131, 139, 173.
Kinetic Lantern, 154.
Kinetograph, 130, 133, 135–138, 149, 175.
Kinetophonograph, 137, 138.
Kinetoscope, 130, 133, 137, 151, 155, 156, 158, 159, 175.
Kinetoscope Exhibition Company, 156.
Kinetoscope Parlor, 137.
Kingston-on-Thames Museum, 128.
Kircher, Athanasius, 9–12, 20, 46, 48–80, 85, 101, 102, 104, 161, 166, 171.
KMCD Syndicate, 157.
Koopman, E. B., 157.
Koster & Bial’s Music Hall, 11, 158, 159, 176.
Kunckelius, J., 68.
L
Laing, James, 172.
Lambda Company, 157.
Lamposcope, 124, 174.
Langenheim Brothers, 106–112, 114, 161, 171, 173.
Langenheim, Frederic, 106–108, 112, 171. See also Langenheim Brothers.
Langenheim, William, 106, 107, 112, 171. See also Langenheim Brothers.
Langenmantel, Jerome, 59, 67.
Langley, Samuel P., 145.
Langlois, 172.
Lanterns. See Kinetic Lantern, Magic Lantern, Megalographica Lantern, and Thaumaturga Lantern.
Latham, Grey, 156, 176.
Latham, Otway, 156, 176.
Latham, Woodville, 156–158, 176.
Lauste, Eugène, 157.
Lee, 172.
Lenses, 39, 54, 63, 65–67, 69, 70, 75, 100, 101, 108, 112, 141, 144, 155, 166–167.
Le Prince, Louis Aimé Augustin, 139, 141, 174.
Levison, Wallace Goold, 143.
Libri, Guillaume, 34.
Liesegang, Paul E., 147.
Linnett, 172.
Lucretius, 96, 97, 163.
Lumière, Auguste, 150, 175.
Lumière Bros., 149, 150, 175.
Lumière, Louis, 149, 150, 158, 175.
M
Maddox, R. L., 116.
Madou, 92.
Magascope, 168.
Magic Disks. See Plateau-Stampfer Magic Disks.
Magic Lantern: 9, 11, 48–69, 84, 98, 107, 108, 136, 147, 150, 166, 171, 173;
Motion effects: See Chapters VIII and IX.
Magnifying glass, 15, 163.
Maguire & Baucus, 176.
Maltese Cross Gear System, 153, 155, 172.
Marey, Etienne Jules, 115, 116, 118, 119, 121–129, 133, 134, 137, 139, 143–145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 161, 173–175.
Mariro, Bruono, 33.
Marischelle, H., 146.
Marvin, Henry Norton, 157.
Mason, Joe, 141.
Maurolico (Maurolycus), Francesco, 32, 33, 165.
Maxwell, James Clerk, 173.
Megalographica Lantern, 67.
Meissonier, Jean Louis Ernest, 123, 128, 174.
Melies, Georges, 176.
Mendel, 176.
Messager, 176.
Microscope, 15, 25, 32, 67, 168, 172.
Mirrors: 39, 40, 53, 104, 108, 164;
English, 16, 17, 163;
Japanese, 16, 163.
Mohr, Nicholas, 63.
Moigno, Abbé François Napoléon Marie, 96, 110, 170.
Moissant, Charles, 150.
Moland, Humbert de, 172.
Molteni, A., 172.
Molyneux, William, 62, 68, 69, 167.
Mortier, 176.
Motion Color Photography, 143.
Motion, Illusion of, 14, 18, 21, 26, 45, 73, 89–97, 100–114.
Motion Photography, 116–125, 128, 132, 143, 146, 147.
Motion Projection: See Projection.
Motorscope, 172.
Movement, Intermittent, 113, 116, 150, 153, 155, 172, 173. See also Marey and Muybridge.
Müller, Johann, 170.
Muggeridge, Edward James: See Muybridge, Eadweard.
Multiple Lenses: See Lenses.
Musschenbroek, Pieter van, 70–74, 76, 77, 161, 168.
Mutograph, 157, 158.
Mutoscope, 157, 158.
Muybridge, Eadweard, 118–128, 137, 142, 147, 161, 173, 174.
N
Natural Camera: See Camera Obscura.
Necromancy, 9, 10, 28, 56, 75, 76, 114, 164. See also Phantasmagoria.
Newman & Guardia, 176.
Newnes, George, 140.
Newsreel, first, 151.
Niceron, Jean Pierre, 166.
Nicholas of Cusa, 165.
Niepce, Joseph Nicéphore, 169, 170.
Noakes & Norman, 176.
Nollet, Abbé, 71, 73, 74, 168.
O
Olympia Theatre, 153.
Optical Illusions: See Illusions, Optical.
Ott, Fred, 136, 137.
Ottway, 176.
P
Pantograph, 46.
Pantoptikon, 157.
Panuce: See Papnutio, Benedettano Don.
Papnutio, Benedettano Don, 33, 34, 165.
Paris, John Ayrton, 80–84, 161, 169.
Parnaland, Ambrose Francis, 176.
Parkes, Alexander, 172.
Pathé, Charles, 153.
Paul, Robert William, 151–154, 158, 176.
Peacock, Thomas Love, 81.
Peckham, John, 33, 165.
Peep-show machine, Edison’s, 96, 134, 138, 139, 149, 154, 155.
Perret & Lacroix, 176.
Persistence of vision, 18, 21, 22, 38, 80, 82, 83, 85–87, 94, 97, 163, 164, 169.
Phantasmagoria, 75–79, 114, 152, 168. See also Necromancy.
Phantoscope, 78, 155. See also Fantascope.
Phasmatrope, 113, 114.
Phénakisticope, 92–94, 96, 97, 109, 170. See also Fantascope.
Phonetic Kaleidoscope, 169.
Phonograph, 130–132, 140, 146, 154, 159, 173, 174.
Photo-gun, 116, 122, 125, 145, 173.
Photobioscope, 172.
Photograph projection, 105–114, 121, 134, 142.
Photographic Pellicle, 174.
Photography:
color, see Color Photography;
dry plate, 116;
motion, see Motion Photography;
motion color, see Motion Color Photography;
wet plate, 112, 120.
Photophone, 146.
Photoscope, 146.
Physiological Park, Marey’s, 125.
Pipon, 176.
Plateau, Joseph Antoine Ferdinand, 85–97, 102, 104, 109, 115, 122, 130, 161, 170.
Plateau-Stampfer Magic Disks, 93–96, 98–100, 108–110, 113, 116, 121, 123, 126, 128, 137, 142, 170, 171, 173.
Pliny, 32, 163.
Porta, Giovanni Battista della, 36–45, 47, 48, 148, 161, 166.
Praxinoscope, 124, 147, 174.
Prestwich, 176.
Prince, Louis Aimé Augustin Le: See Le Prince, Louis Aimé Augustin.
Projection:
color, 66, 69, 96, 101, 153, 159;
motion, 68, 70–75, 89, 92, 98, 102, 109, 112, 117, 121, 127, 128, 130, 136, 139, 140, 149, 152, 171–176;
photograph, see Photograph Projection;
slide, see Slide Projection;
film, see Film;
light sources, see Projection Light Sources;
rear, 148;
screen, 10, 11, 40, 92, 98, 104, 121, 123, 132, 134, 147, 148, 154–159, 176;
three-dimensional, 65, 109–111.
Projection Lenses: See Lenses.
Projection Light Sources:
candle, 54;
electric arc, 144;
gas lamp, 108, 169;
Geissler tube, 127, 128, 147, 174;
hydrocarbon lamp, 99;
oxyhydrogen light, 101, 146, 171;
sun, 55, 144, 167, 175;
table lamp, 67, 73, 124.
Projection of Motion: See Projection.
Projectors: 15, 104, 129, 139, 149, 163–176;
Acres, 154;
Anschütz, 146, 147;
Armat-Edison, 158–160;
Armat-Jenkins, 155, 158;
Chales, de, 65;
Demeny, 146;
Edison, 135–137; see also Vitascope;
Gaumont, 146;
Greene, 143;
Greene-Rudge, 142, 175;
Heyl, 113; see also Phasmatrope;
Jenkins; see Armat-Jenkins;
Kircher, 53–55, 59; see also Magic Lantern;
Latham, 157;
Le Prince, 141;
Lumière, 150, 151;
Marey, 144, 145;
Muybridge, 128; see also Zoopraxiscope;
Paul, 152, 153;
Reynaud, 123, 147, 148; see also Praxinoscope;
Rudge, 141, 142;
Schott, 63;
Uchatius, 100–102;
Zahn, 67.
Prokesch, W., 102.
Proszynski, 176.
Ptolemy, 21, 22, 26, 164.
Q
Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques, 86, 89, 92.
Quinetoscope, 112, 171.
R
Raff & Gammon, 137, 158, 159.
Radio City Music Hall, 66.
Rear Projection: See Projection.
Reinhold, Erasmus, 165.
Reville, 172.
Revolving disks, 59, 67, 70, 89, 92, 93, 96, 100, 116, 121.
Reynaud, Emile, 79, 123, 139, 147, 173–175.
Riley, 176.
Ritchie, William, 169.
Robert, Etienne Gaspard: See Robertson, Etienne Gaspard.
Robertson, Etienne Gaspard, 77–79, 168.
Roger, Peter Mark, 86, 87, 94, 95, 169.
Roman College: See Collegio Romano.
Rotating lenses: See Lenses.
Rowe, 176.
Rudge, John Arthur Roebuck, 139, 141–143, 148, 175.
S
Sallé & Mazo, 176.
Salle au Grand-Café, 151.
Sanson, Raoul Grimoin: See Grimoin-Sanson, Raoul.
Scheele, Carl William, 168.
Scheiner, Christopher, 45, 46, 166.
Schemer, 67.
Schott, Gaspar, 62–64, 66, 67, 69, 166.
Schultze, Johann Heinrich, 167, 168.
Screen Projection: See Projection.
Seely, 172.
Sellers, Coleman, 111, 112, 114, 172.
Seneca, 163.
Sequin, 171, 173.
Seraphin, François, 76, 168.
Shadow Plays, 13, 16, 76, 77, 148, 163, 168.
Shaw, William Thomas, 171.
Showmanship, 15, 16, 36–42, 58, 67, 68, 72, 73, 76–79, 123, 168.
Shutters, 96, 111, 113, 116, 121, 124, 135.
Silver, 163.
Silver chloride, 168.
Silver nitrate, 164, 168, 169.
Sinsteden, Dr., 96, 97.
Skladanowski, Max, 176.
Slide Projection, 48–79, 85–114.
Slides:
painted, 68, 69, 100, 104, 110, 124;
photographic: See Photograph projection.
Snell, Ebenezer Strong, 106, 170.
Snell, Willebrord, 166.
Soleil, François, 110, 170.
Sound Motion Pictures, 131, 132, 134–138, 159, 160.
Sources of Light: See Projection Light Sources.
Spaĉil, Karl, 104.
Stampfer, Simon Ritter von, 85, 93–95, 170. See also Plateau-Stampfer magic disks.
Stanford, Leland, 118–122.
Stereofantascope, 109, 172.
Stereopticon, 136.
Stereoscope, 67, 109, 111, 170–172.
Stereoscope Cosmorama Exhibit, 111.
Stereostrope, 172.
Stillman, J. D. B, 119, 120.
Story, A. T., 143.
Stroboscope, 88, 93, 94, 170.
T
Tachyscope: See Electrical Tachyscope.
Talbot calotype process, 107.
Talbot, William Henry Fox, 106, 107, 133, 142, 170.
Talking Pictures: See Sound Motion Pictures.
Tanera, A. D., 147.
Telescope, 15, 25, 26, 41, 45, 53, 63, 65, 67.
Teleview, Hammond’s: See Hammond’s Teleview.
Television, 156.
Thaumatrope, 80, 89, 94, 142, 157, 169, 172.
Thaumaturga Lantern, 67.
Théâtre Optique, 147, 157, 175.
Théâtre Robert Houdin, 79.
Theatrograph, 153.
Thirion, Catherine, 85.
Thompson, Silvanus, 153.
Thuringopolonus: See Witelo.
Tissandier, Gaston, 121, 124.
Trajedis, George, 138, 151.
U
Uchatius bronze, 98, 103.
Uchatius, Franz von, 68, 98–105, 108, 112, 117, 121, 142, 152, 161, 171, 172, 174.
V
Valesius, George de, 60.
Van Musschenbroek, Pieter: See Musschenbroek, Pieter van.
Van’s Gravesande, Willem Jakob, 167.
Varley, John, 143.
Vassel, Eugene, 122.
Vinci, Leonardo da, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 38, 43, 44, 69, 161, 165.
Vision, Persistence of: See Persistence of Vision.
Vitascope, 11, 158–160.
Von Hauslab, Field Marshall: See Hauslab, Field Marshall von.
Von Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand: See Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von.
Von Stampfer, Simon Ritter: See Stampfer, Simon Ritter von.
W
Walgenstein, Thomas, 58, 66, 69, 150, 167.
Warner, Albert, 160.
Warner Bros., 160
Warner, Harry, 160.
Warner, Jack, 160.
Warner, Sam, 160.
Wattson, 176.
Wedgwood, Tom, 168.
Wells, H. G., 152.
Werner, 138, 149, 176.
Wet-plate photography: See Photography.
Wheatstone, Charles, 109, 110, 169–171.
Wheel of Life, 108, 116, 122, 129, 173. See also Plateau-Stampfer Magic Disks.
Wheel phenomenon, 86, 87, 91, 92, 169.
Whirling Top, 70, 74.
Winter Garden Theatre, 160.
Witelo (Thuringopolonus), 43, 164.
Wolff, Phillip, 176.
Wollaston, William Hyde, 84, 169.
Wotton, Henry, 166.
Y
Yarwell, John, 69.
Z
Zahn, Johann, 62, 66–69, 101, 167.
Zion, 176.
Zoetrope, 113, 126, 137, 172.
Zoopraxinographoscope, 124.
Zoopraxiscope, 124, 174.
Zoopraxographical Hall, 127.