Appendix II BIBLIOGRAPHY and Acknowledgements
Reading edition
The pursuit of the story of the origin of the motion picture has been carried on intermittently since the Winter of 1936–37. As historical books must be, it is based mainly on the written record. Efforts were made, whenever possible, to go directly to the source material. The whole field of books on the motion picture, as well as standard biographical and scientific works, was surveyed.
Research was conducted principally at the following libraries: Library of Congress, Georgetown University, Surgeon General’s, in Washington, D. C., New York Public and Columbia University in New York City. Work was also done at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Hollywood; New York Engineering Societies, the British Museum, London; Trinity College, Dublin, and Vittorio Emanuele—formerly Collegio Romano—library, Rome. Part of the original Kircher Museum at Rome, was inspected in the Summer of 1939. (The early projector models, according to the evidence now available were destroyed shortly after Kircher’s death.) The 1939 exhibit of the works of Leonardo da Vinci in Milan was visited.
Terry Ramsaye, author of A Million and One Nights—A History of the Motion Picture, and editor of Motion Picture Herald, is responsible for suggesting lines of study which led to the decision to write this book. Also, he has rendered valuable guidance and assistance especially in connection with the early American motion picture pioneers, and in reading the manuscript and contributing the foreword.
Special thanks are due to members of the faculty of Georgetown University for making available works in the Riggs Memorial Library of that institution and giving assistance on special aspects of the subject. The writer likewise is grateful for having had the opportunity of consulting books in the splendid Epstein Photographic Collection at the Columbia University Library, and for biographical notes on Robert W. Paul secured through the Cambridge Instrument Company. Appreciation is expressed to Rev. Hunter Guthrie, S.J., dean of the Graduate School, Georgetown University, and to Dr. Alfred N. Goldsmith, consulting engineer, for kindness in reading proofs and offering invaluable suggestions.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following is a list of books, arranged according to the chapters of this story, which may serve to disclose any particular part of the subject to readers who wish to make a detailed study. In general articles in the various periodicals give the first, and often most complete, publication of each development. This list represents only a limited number of the books and publications consulted, but the principal titles are included:
GENERAL
Terry Ramsaye. A Million and One Nights.
New York, 1926.
A standard history of the motion picture and a special source of material on Edison, Muybridge, Armat, Latham and other early American experimenters.
Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau. “Bibliographie des principaux phénomenes subjectifs de la vision depuis les temps ancients jusqu’à la fin du XVIII siècle,” Mémoires. Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux Arts de Belgique. Brussels, 1877–1878. A most complete, annotated list of works on vision.
Lynn Thorndike. History of Magic and Experimental Sciences.
New York, 1923–41.
A monumental reference work of particular interest to scholars.
Henry V. Hopwood. Living Pictures: their history, photo-reproduction and practical working. London, 1899.
Robert Bruce Foster. Hopwood’s Living Pictures.
London, 1915.
The original edition of this book and the revised edition both include a general review of early activity plus a valuable bibliography of the period from 1825 to 1898.
G. Michel Coissac. Histoire du Cinématographe de ses origines jusqu’à nos jours. Paris, 1925.
The first half of this book is an important historical work, written from the French point of view. An appendix lists French cinema patents issued from 1890 to 1900.
Major General James Waterhouse. “Notes on the early history of the camera obscura,” Photographic Journal, Vol. XXV, No. 9.
London, May 31, 1901.
Georges Potonniee. Les Origines du Cinématographe.
Paris, 1928.
Wilfred E. L. Day. Illustrated Catalogue of the Will Day Historical Collection of Cinematograph and Moving Picture Equipment.
London.
Simon Henry Gage and Henry Phelps Gage. Optic Projection.
Ithaca, N. Y., 1914.
This book has a good historical bibliography.
Periodicals which contain important papers include:
Philosophical Transactions. Royal Society of London. London.
Journal. Royal Institution of Great Britain. London.
Comptes-rendus. Académie des Sciences (Institut de France). Paris.
Cosmos; revue des sciences et de leurs applications. (Also known as Les Mondes). Paris.
La Nature. Paris.
Scientific American. New York.
U. S. Patent Office Gazette. Washington, D. C.
Photographic Journal, including the transactions of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain. London.
Photographic Journal of America. Philadelphia.
CHAPTER I
Aristotle.
Problems. On Dreams.
Euclid. The Elements of Geometrie translated by H. Billingsley.
London, 1570.
La Prospettiva di Euclide. Florence, 1573.
Lucretius, De Rerum Natura.
Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus). Ptolemaei Mathematicae.
Wittenberg, 1549.
Almagest. Edited by J. Baptiste Ricciolus, S. J. 1651.
Alhazen. Opticae Thesaurus Alhazeni Arabis.
Basel, 1572.
CHAPTER II
Roger Bacon. Fr. Rogeri Bacon Opera Quaedam Hactenus Inedita.
J. S. Brewster. London, 1859.
The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon, edited with an introduction and analytical table by John Henry Bridges. Oxford, 1897–1900.
Letter concerning the marvelous power of art and of nature, and concerning the nullity of magic. Translated from the Latin by Tenney L. Davis. Easton, Pa., 1923.
Part of the Opus Tertium of Roger Bacon, including a fragment now printed for the first time, edited by A. G. Little. Aberdeen, 1912.
Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem. Le Système du monde, histoire des doctrines cosmologiques de Platon à Copernic. Paris, 1913–1917.
Witelo. Vitellionis Turingopoloni Libri X.
Basel, 1572.
Vitellionis Mathematici Doctissimi Περὶ Ὀπτικῆς. Nuremberg, 1535.
CHAPTER III
Leonardo di Ser Piero da Vinci. A Treatise of Painting. Translated from the original Latin. Paris, 1651.
The Life of Leonardo da Vinci done into English from the text of the second edition of the “Lives” (by Giorgio Vasari) with a commentary by Herbert P. Horne. London, 1903.
The Literary Works of Leonardo da Vinci, compiled and edited from the original manuscripts by Jean Paul Rickter. London, 1880–1883.
Essai sur les ouvrages physico-mathématiques de Léonard de Vinci, avec des fragmens tirés de ses manuscripts apportés de l’Italie. Giovanni Battista Venturi. Paris, 1797.
Guillaume Libri. Histoire des sciences mathématiques en Italie, depuis la renaissance des lettres jusqu’à la fin du dix-septième siècle. Paris, 1838–1841.
Giorgio Vasari. Lives of Seventy of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects. Edited by E. H. and E. W. Blashfield and A. A. Hopkins. New York, 1896.
Francesco Maurolico. Cosmographia.
Venice, 1543.
Theoremata de Lumine, et Umbra, ad Perspectivam & Radiorum Incidentiam Facientia. Leyden, 1613.
Girolamo Cardano. De Subtilitate.
Nuremberg, 1550.
Les Livres de Hierome Cardanus Médecin Milannois. Richard Le Blanc. Paris, 1556.
CHAPTER IV
Giovanni Battista della Porta. Magia Naturalis, sive de Miraculis Rerum Naturalium. Naples, 1558. Revised and enlarged edition.
Naples, 1589.
Natural Magic. London, 1657. (In this English translation the author’s name is given an English form—John Baptista Porta.)
Daniello Barbaro. La Pratica della Perspettiva.
Venice, 1569.
Giovanni Battista Benedetti. Diversarum Speculationum Mathematicarum et Physicarum Liber. Turin, 1585.
CHAPTER V
Gemma (Reinerus) Frisius. De Radio Astronomico et Geometrico Liber.
Antwerp, 1545.
Erasmus Reinhold. Theoricae Novae Planetarium. Edited by Georgius
Peurbachius. Paris, 1553.
Johannes Kepler. Ad Vitellionem Paralipomena.
Frankfort, 1604.
Dioptrice. 1611.
François d’Aguilon. Opticarum Libri Sex.
Antwerp, 1685.
CHAPTER VI
Athanasius Kircher. Vita admodum reverendi P. Athanasii Kircheri, Societ. Jesu, vir toto orbe celebratissimus. 1684.
The Latin autobiography of Athanasius Kircher, edited by Jerome Langenmantel (Hieronymus Ambrosius Langenmantelius).
Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae. Rome, 1646. Second edition. Amsterdam, 1671.
Numerous other books by Kircher on many subjects. See Kircher’s bibliography in La Bibliothèque des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus, by Augustin and Aloysius de Backer, and Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus by Charles Sommervogel.
George de Sepibus Valesius. Romani Collegii Societatis Jesu Musæum.
Celeberrimum. Amsterdam, 1678.
Musæum Kircherianum in Romano Soc. Jesu Coliegio. Rome, 1707.
CHAPTER VII
Gaspar Schott. Magia Universalis Naturæ et Artis.
Würzburg, 1658–1674.
Claude François Milliet de Chales. Cursus seu Mundus Mathematicus. Lyons, 1690.
Johann Zahn. Oculus Artificialis Teledioptricus sive Telescopium.
Nuremberg, 1685.
Specula Physico-Mathematico-Historia Notabilium ac Mirabilium Sciendorum. Nuremberg, 1696.
CHAPTER VIII
Pieter van Musschenbroek. Physicæ expérimentales.
Leyden, 1729; Venice, 1756.
Cours de Physique Expérimentale et Mathématique. Paris, 1769.
Abbé Guyot. Nouvelles Recréations Physiques et Mathématiques.
Paris, 1770.
William Hooper. Rational Recreations.
London, 1774. Second edition, 1782.
CHAPTER IX
Etienne Gaspard Robert (Robertson). Mémoires Récréatifs, Scientifiques et Anecdotiques du Physicien-Aéronaute. Paris, 1831–33.
William Ritchie. “Proposal for Improving the Phantasmagoria,” Edinburgh Journal. 1825.
CHAPTER X
John Ayrton Paris (Published anonymously) Philosophy in Sport Made Science in Earnest. London, 1827.
David Brewster. A Treatise on the Kaleidoscope.
Edinburgh, 1819.
The Stereoscope: Its History, Theory and the Construction, with Its Application to the Fine and Useful Arts and to Education. London, 1856.
Joseph Priestly. The History and Present State of Discoveries Relating to Vision, Light and Colours. London, 1772.
CHAPTER XI
Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet, editor. Correspondance Mathématique et Physique. Brussels.
S. Stampfer. Jahrbücher Technische Hochschule. Vol. 18, p. 237.
Vienna, 1834.
E. S. Snell. “On the Magic Disks in America,” American Journal of Science and Arts. (Silliman’s Journal). Vol. 27, p. 310. New Haven, 1835.
Peter Mark Roget. Animal and Vegetable Physiology, considered with reference to natural theology. London, 1834.
Annales de Chimie et de Physique. Paris.
Bulletin. L’Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres, et des Beaux Arts. Brussels.
Annuaire. L’Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres, et des Beaux Arts. Brussels, 1885.
Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Edited by Johann Christian Poggendorff. Leipzig.
CHAPTER XII
Franz Uchatius. “Apparat zur Darstellung beweglicher Bilder an der Wand” (Apparatus for the Presentation of Motion Pictures upon a Wall). Sitzungsberichte. K. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vienna, 1853.
Karl Spacil. “Franz Freiherr von Uchatius,” Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Artillerie und Genie. Vol. XLI, pp. 216–223. Frauenfeld, 1905.
CHAPTER XIII
Marcus A. Root. The Camera and the Pencil; or the Heliographic Art, its theory and practice. Philadelphia, 1864.
Pennsylvania Arts and Sciences. A quarterly published by the Pennsylvania Arts and Sciences Society. Vol. 2, p. 25. Philadelphia, 1937.
Richard Buckley Litchfield. Tom Wedgwood—The First Photographer. London, 1903.
Georges Potonniee. Histoire de la Découverte de la Photographie.
Paris, 1925.
The History of the Discovery of Photography. Translated from the French by Edward Epstean. New York, 1936.
Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre. Historique et Description des Procédés du Daguerréotype et du Diorma. Paris, 1839.
Charles Louis Chevalier. Guide de Photographie.
Paris, 1854.
Victor Fouque. The Truth Concerning the Invention of Photography.
Nicéphore Niepce; his life, letters and works. Translated by Edward Epstean. New York: Tennant & Ward, 1935.
La Vérité sur l’invention de la Photographie. Nicéphore Niepce, sa vie, ses essais, ses travaux, d’après sa correspondance et autres documents inedita. Paris, 1867.
Henry Renno Heyl. “A Contribution to the History of the Art of Photographing Living Subjects in Motion and Reproducing the Natural Movements by the Lantern,” Journal. The Franklin Institute. Vol. CXV, p. 310. Philadelphia, 1898.
CHAPTER XIV
Etienne Jules Marey. Le Mouvement.
Paris, 1894.
Movement. London and New York, 1895.
La Méthode Graphique dans les sciences expérimentales et principalement en physiologie et en médecine. Paris, 1885.
La Chronophotographie, appliquée à l’étude des actes musculaires dans la locomotion.
The History of Chronophotography. (An extract from the Smithsonian Report for 1901). Washington, 1902.
Eadweard Muybridge. Journal. Published by the Franklin Institute.
Philadelphia, 1883.
J. D. B. Stillman. The Horse in Motion, as shown by instantaneous photography. The Muybridge photographs published under the auspices of Leland Stanford. Boston, 1882.
Georges Potonniee. Louis Ducos du Hauron, his life and work. Translated by Edward Epstean from the French edition of 1914. Reprinted from the Photo-Engravers Bulletin. February and March. New York, 1939.
CHAPTER XV
Terry Ramsaye. A Million and One Nights.
New York, 1926.
Antonia and William Kennedy Laurie Dickson. “Edison’s Invention of the Kineto-phonograph,” reprinted from the Century Magazine, June, 1894, with an introduction by Charles Galloway Clarke. Los Angeles, 1939.
Dayton Clarence Miller. Anecdotal History of the Science of Sound to the beginning of the 20th Century. New York: Macmillan, 1935.
CHAPTER XVI
Maurice Noverre. La Vérité sur l’invention de la Projection Animée. Emile Reynaud, sa Vie, et ses Travaux. Brest, 1926.
Georges Brunel. Les Projections Mouvementées.
Paris, 1897.
Eugene Trutat. Traité Général des Projections.
Paris, 1897.
La Photographie Animée, avec une préface de J. Marey. Paris, 1899.
Georges Emile Joseph Demeny. Les Origines du Cinématographe.
Paris, 1909.
CHAPTER XVII
Ramsaye. Lib. cit.
Lucien Bull. La Cinématographie.
Paris, 1928.