Footnotes (continued 2)

883.

Paston Letters (Gairdner), Introd., p. cxl.

884.

The king's letter, dated 2 Feb., was read before the Common Council on the 5 Feb.—Letter Book K, fo. 313b; Journal 6, fo. 196b.

885.

Journal 6, fo. 197b.

886.

-Id., fo. 203b.

887.

-Id., fo. 158.

888.

Journal 6, fo. 237.

889.

It had been destroyed by fire during the Kentish outbreak.—Gregory's Chron., p. 193.

890.

Journal 6, fo. 237b.

891.

Journal 6, fo. 238.

892.

-Id., fo. 238b.

893.

Journal 6, fos. 239, 239b; Eng. Chron., 1377-1461 (Camd. Soc. No. 64), p. 94.

894.

Journal 6, fo. 252b.

895.

Eo quod nullus alius modus videtur esse tutus pro civitate.—Id., fo. 251.

896.

Journal 6, fo. 251b.

897.

-Id., fo. 250b.

898.

Eng. Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 64), p. 98. The Thames boatmen and sailors were almost as powerful and troublesome a body of men as the London apprentices. The Common Council had recently (11th July) endeavoured to subdue their turbulent spirit by the distribution among them of a large sum of money (£100).—Journal 6, fo. 254.

899.

On the 4th July the Common Council voted the earls the sum of £1,000 by way of loan.—Journal 6, fo. 253.

900.

Journal 6, fo. 256. By some inadvertence two copies of the agreement were sealed, one of which was returned to the mayor to be cancelled.

901.

Journal 6, fo. 257.

902.

Gregory's Chron., p. 208; Engl. Chron., pp, 99-100; Short Engl. Chron., p. 75.

903.

The interview with the wardens of the companies took place at a Common Council held on the 13th December, 1460.—Journal 6, fo. 282b.

904.

Journal 6, fo. 13.

905.

The governing body in the city was still Lancastrian at heart. On the 13th Feb. the Common Council had voted Henry, at that time in the hands of Warwick, a loan of 1,000 marks, and a further sum of 500 marks (making in all £1,000) for the purpose of garnysshyng and safeguarding the city. On the 24th a certain number of aldermen and commoners were deputed to answer for the safe custody of the Tower, and on the following day (25 Feb.) the mayor forbade, by public proclamation, any insult being offered to Sir Edmund Hampden and others, who had been despatched by the king and queen to London for the purpose of ascertaining "the true and faithful disposition" of the city.—Journal 6, fos. 35, 35b, 40.

906.

Gregory's Chron., p. 215.

907.

Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 189.

908.

Journal 6, fo. 37b.

909.

Letter Book L, fo. 4; Lib. Dunthorn, fo. 62; Journal 7, fo. 98.

910.

Short English Chron. (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 28), p. 80.

911.

Journal 7, fos. 97b, 98.

912.

Charter, dat. Winchecombe, 26 Aug., 1461. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 28).

913.

Inspeximus charter, dated Westminster, 25 March, 1462. Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 13).

914.

Journal 7, fo. 8.

915.

-Id., fo. 15.

916.

See Inspeximus charter 15 Charles II.

917.

Journal 7, fo. 21b.

918.

Journal 7, fo. 175.

919.

Ancestor of Lord Bacon and others of the nobility.—See Orridge "Citizens and their Rulers," p. 222.

920.

Fabyan, p. 656. He was deprived of his aldermanry (Broad Street Ward) by the king's orders.—Journal 7, fo. 128.

921.

Journal 7, fos. 196, 198, 199.

922.

Journal 7, fos. 215b, 222b.

923.

-Id., fos. 229b, 230b.

924.

-Id., fo. 222b.

925.

A record of what took place in the city between the 1st and 6th October is set out in Journal 7, fo. 223b.

926.

-Id., fo. 225.

927.

He had, after Warwick's flight to France in March of this year, put to death and impaled twenty of the earl's followers.—Warkworth's Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 10), p. 9.

928.

Journal 7, fo. 225.

929.

Fabyan Chron., p. 660.

930.

Warkworth's Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 10), p. 15.—According to the chronicler, the Commons of the city were still loyal to Henry, whom Archbishop Nevill had carried through the streets, weak and sickly as he was, in the hope of exciting the sympathy of the burgesses. Had the archbishop been a true man, "as the Commons of London were," Edward would not have gained an entry into the city until after the victory of Barnet-field.

931.

Journal 5, fos. 152, 175.

932.

The "bastard's" letter and the reply of the mayor and aldermen are set out in Journal 8, fos. 4b-6b, and Letter Book L, fo. 78.

933.

Holinshed, iii, 323; Fabyan, p. 662.—According to Warkworth (p. 19), the Commons would willingly have admitted the rebels had the latter not attempted to fire Aldgate and London Bridge.

934.

Paston Letters, iii, 17.

935.

The 21st May is the day usually given as that on which Edward returned. The City's Journal, however, gives the day as the Eve of the Ascension, that festival falling on May the 23rd.—Journal 8, fo. 7.

936.

Warkworth's Chron., p. 21.

937.

Namely, Richard Lee, Matthew Philip, Ralph Verney, John Young, William Tailour, George Irlond, William Hampton, Bartholomew James, Thomas Stalbrok, and William Stokker.—Journal 8, fo. 7.

938.

Journal 7, fo. 246.

939.

-Id., 8, fo. 98.

940.

-Id., fo. 101.

941.

Journal 8, fo. 110b.

942.

Preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 28).

943.

Journal 8, fo. 244.

944.

Fabyan, p. 667.

945.

Proclamation, dated 21 Nov., 22 Edw. IV.—Letter Book L, fo. 281b; Journal 9, fo. 2.

946.

Journal 9, fo. 12.

947.

-Id., fo. 14.

948.

-Id., fo. 14b.

949.

-Id., fos. 18, 18b.

950.

Journal 9, fo. 21b.

951.

The oath taken by Gloucester to King Edward V, as well as the oath which he was willing to take to the queen, if she consented to quit Westminster, were read before the Common Council on the 23rd March.—Journal 9, fo. 23b.

952.

Wife of Matthew Shore, a respectable goldsmith of Lombard Street:— "In Lombard-street, I once did dwelle, As London yet can witness welle; Where many gallants did beholde My beautye in a shop of golde." (Percy Reliques). She had recently been made to do penance by Gloucester in a white sheet for practising witchcraft upon him; but her unhappy position, as well as her well-known charity in better days, gained for her much sympathy and respect.

953.

The duke's speech, interesting as it is, as showing the importance attached to gaining the favour of the City, cannot be regarded as historical.—Stubbs, Const. Hist., iii, 224 note.

954.

Journal 9, fo. 27.

955.

Journal 9, fo. 33b. The names of the citizens selected for that honour are recorded.—Id., fo. 21b. The names also of those who attended coronations in the same capacity down to the time of George IV are, with one exception (the coronation of Charles I), entered in the City's archives.—(See Report on Coronations, presented to Co. Co., 18 Aug., 1831. Printed.)

956.

-Id., fo. 43.

957.

-Id., fo. 114b.

958.

Journal 9, fo. 39.

959.

Green, Hist. of the English People, ii, 63.

960.

Stat. 1 Richard III, c. 9.

961.

-Id., c. 2.

962.

Journal 9, fo. 43b.

963.

Journal 9, fo. 56.

964.

Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 140.

965.

Journal 9, fos. 78b, 81. Richard issued a proclamation against Henry "Tydder" on the 23 June, calling upon his subjects to defend themselves against his proposed attack.—Paston Letters (Gairdner), iii, 316-320.

966.

Journal 9, fos. 81b-83b.

967.

Journal 9, fos. 84, 85b, 86b; Cf. "Materials illustrative of the reign of Henry VII" (Rolls Series, No. 60), i, 4-6.

968.

Holinshed, iii, 479.

969.

Hecker's "Epidemics of the Middle Ages," p. 168.

970.

Journal 9, fo. 87b.

971.

The day for election of mayor varied; at one time it was the Feast of the Translation of S. Edward (13 Oct.), at another the Feast of SS. Simon and Jude (28 Oct.).

972.

Journal 9, fo. 88.

973.

-Id., fo. 78b.

974.

-Id., fo. 89b.

975.

Holinshed, iii, 482, 483; Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 141b. According to Fabyan (p. 683), the Mercers, Grocers and Drapers subscribed nearly one half of the loan.

976.

Pol. Verg., 717; "Materials illustrative of the reign of Henry VII" (Rolls Series, No. 60), i, 3.

977.

Gairdner's "Henry the Seventh" (Twelve English Statesmen Series), p. 47. No record of this appears in the City's archives.

978.

Journal 9, fos. 150b, 151.

979.

-Id., fo. 151.

980.

He arrived on the 3rd Nov.—Gairdner, p. 57.

981.

Journal 9, fos. 157b, 158.

982.

-Id., fo. 161.

983.

Journal 9, fo. 223b; Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 142b; Fabyan, p. 683; Holinshed, iii, 492.

984.

Henry's second parliament was summoned to meet the 9th Nov., 1487. The names of the City's representatives have not come down to us, but we know that William White, an alderman, was elected one or the members in the place of Thomas Fitz-William, who was chosen member for Lincolnshire, and we have the names of six men chosen to superintend the City's affairs in this parliament (ad prosequendum in parliamento pro negociis civitatis), viz:—William Capell, alderman, Thomas Bullesdon, Nicholas Alwyn, Simon Harrys, William Brogreve, and Thomas Grafton.—Journal 9, fo. 224.

985.

Holinshed, iii, 492.

986.

Journal 9, fo. 273b.

987.

Fabyan, p. 684.

988.

Journal 10, fos. 80b, 83; Repertory 1, fos. 10b, 13. The "Repertories"—containing minutes of the proceedings of the Court of Aldermen, distinct from those of the Common Council—commence in 1495.

989.

Repertory 1, fo. 19b.

990.

Two years later, when the post was held by Arnold Babyngton, complaint being made of the noisome smell arising from the burning of bones, horns, shavings of leather, &c., in preparing food for the City's hounds, near Moorgate, the Common Hunt was allowed a sum of 26s. 8d. in addition to his customary fees for the purpose of supplying wood for the purpose.—Repertory 1, fo. 70. The office was maintained as late as the year 1807, when it was abolished by order of the Common Council.—Journal 84, fo. 135b.

991.

Repertory 1, fo. 20b.

992.

-Id., fos. 20, 20b.

993.

Journal 10, fo. 104b.

994.

-Id., fo. 105.

995.

-Id., fo. 108.

996.

Fabyan, p. 687.

997.

Cotton MS. Vitellius A, xvi, fo. 176.

998.

Repertory 1, fo. 41b.

999.

Repertory 1, fo. 62.

1000.

Journal 10, fo. 187b.

1001.

Journal 10, fo. 190b.

1002.

-Id., fo. 191.

1003.

This is the date given by Gairdner (p. 198). According to Fabyan (p. 687) she arrived on the 4th Oct.

1004.

Journal 10, fos. 238, 238b.

1005.

Repertory 1, fos. 122b-126. The account will be found in Archæol., vol. xxxii, p. 126.

1006.

Repertory 1, fos. 130, 130b.

1007.

By Stat. 19 Henry VII, c. 7, annulling Stat. 15 Henry VI, c. 6.

1008.

Repertory 2, fo. 146.

1009.

Charter dated 23 July, 1505, preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 15).

1010.

Repertory 1, fo. 175.

1011.

Strype, Stow's "Survey" (1720), bk. ii, p. 193.

1012.

Repertory 2, fos. 12, 14; Grey Friars Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 53), p. 29.

1013.

The sum mentioned by Holinshed (iii. 539), is £1,400; Cf. Fabyan, p. 689.

1014.

Baker, in his Chronicle (ed. 1674), p. 248, puts Capel's fine at £1,400; Cf. Fabyan, p. 689; Holinshed, iii, 530; Journal 11, fo. 94.

1015.

Fabyan, p. 690.

1016.

Letter Book M, fo. 138; Journal 11, fo. 28.

1017.

Journal 11, fos. 37-39.

1018.

Gairdner's "Henry the Seventh," p. 206.

1019.

Journal 10, fos. 318, 318b; Repertory 2, fos. 10b-11b. A list of "such places as have charged themself and promysed to kepe the yerely obit" of Henry VII, as well as a copy of indentures made for the assurance of the same obit, with schedule of sums paid to various religious houses for the observance of the same, are entered in the City's Records.—Repertory 1. fo. 167b; Letter Book P, fo. 186b.

1020.

The generally accepted day of his death, although the City's Archives in one place record it as having taken place on the 21st.—Journal 2, fo. 67b; Cf. Fabyan, 690.

1021.

Holinshed, iii, 541.

1022.

Journal 11, fos. 67b-69.

1023.

"Aldermen barons and presenting barons astate whiche hath been Maires."

1024.

Journal 2, fo. 69.

1025.

Repertory 11, fo. 68b.

1026.

Letters Patent, dated 9 June, 1509, preserved at the Guildhall (Box No. 29).

1027.

Letter Book M, fo. 159; Journal 11, fo. 74b.

1028.

Repertory 2, fo. 68.

1029.

Journal 11, fos. 80, 81b, 82; Letter Book M, fo. 160.

1030.

Journal 11, fo. 80.

1031.

Holinshed, iii, 547.

1032.

According to Holinshed (iii, 567), Parliament opened on the 25th Jan., 1512. The Parliamentary Returns give the date as the 4th Feb. with "no returns found." The names of the City's members, however, are recorded in the City's Archives. They were Alderman Sir William Capell, who had suffered so much at the close of the last reign, Richard Broke, the City's new Recorder, William Cawle or Calley, draper, and John Kyme, mercer, commoners.—Journal 11, fo. 147b; Repertory 2, fo. 125b.

1033.

The Act for levying the necessary subsidy ordained that every alien made a denizen should be rated like a native, but that aliens who had not become denizens should be assessed at double the amount at which natives were assessed.—See "Historical Introd. to Cal. of Denizations and Naturalizations of Aliens in England, 1509-1603." (Huguenot Soc.), viii, 7.

1034.

Journal 11, fo. 1.

1035.

-Id., fo. 1b.

1036.

Journal 11, fo. 171; Repertory 2, fos. 150b, 172.

1037.

Repertory 2, fos. 151b-152.

1038.

Journal 11, fo. 2.

1039.

Repertory 2, fo. 153.

1040.

Letter Book M., fo. 257; Repertory 3, fo. 221. In July, 1517, the Fellowship of Saddlers of London consented, on the recommendation of Archbishop Warham, to refer a matter of dispute between it and the parishioners of St. Vedast to the Recorder and Thomas More, gentleman, for settlement (Repertory 3, fo. 149); and in Aug., 1521, "Thomas More, late of London, gentleman," was bound over, in the sum of £20, to appear before the mayor for the time being, to answer such charges as might be made against him.—Journal 12, fo. 123.

1041.

Roper's Life of Sir Thomas More, pp. 3, 5, 6.

1042.

Journal 8, fo. 144; Journal 9, fos. 13, 142b.

1043.

William Lichfield, rector of All Hallows the Great, Gilbert Worthington, rector of St. Andrew's, Holborn, John Cote, rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill, and John Nigel or Neel, master of the hospital of St. Thomas de Acon and parson of St. Mary Colechurch.—Rot. Parl. v, 137.

1044.

Stow's Survey (Thoms's ed., 1876), p. 42.

1045.

Chamber Accounts (Town Clerk's office), i, fos. 202b, 203.

1046.

Repertory 2, fos. 121b, 123.

1047.

-Id., fo. 126b; Journal 11, fo. 147b.

1048.

Journal 11, fo. 163; Repertory 2, fos. 133b, 142.

1049.

Letter of Erasmus to Justus Jonas quoted in Lupton's Life of Colet, pp. 166, 167.

1050.

Survey (Thoms's ed., 1876), p. 28.

1051.

"The number of grammar schools, in various parts of the country, which owe their foundation and endowment to the piety and liberality of citizens of London ... far exceeds what might be supposed, approaching as it does nearly to a hundred."—Preface to Brewer's Life of Carpenter, p. xi.

1052.

Repertory 3, fo. 46.

1053.

-Id., fos. 70b, 71.

1054.

-Id., fos. 86, 86b, 88.

1055.

Repertory 3, fos. 116, 116b.

1056.

Wares bought and sold between strangers—"foreign bought and sold"—were declared forfeited to the City by Letters Patent of Henry VII, 23 July. 1505, confirmed by Henry VIII, 12 July, 1523.

1057.

In 1500, and again in 1516, orders were issued for all freemen to return with their families to the city on pain of losing their freedom.—Journal 10. fos. 181b, 259.

1058.

Repertory 3, fos. 141b, 142.

1059.

Holinshed, iii, 618.

1060.

Or Munday; the name is said to appear in twenty-seven different forms. He was a goldsmith by trade, and was appointed (among others) by Cardinal Wolsey to report upon the assay of gold and silver coinage in 1526.—Journal 13, fo. 45b; Letter Book O, fo. 71b. He served sheriff, 1514; and was mayor in 1522.

1061.

In 1462 the Common Council ordered basket-makers, gold wire-drawers, and other foreigners plying a craft within the city, to reside at Blanchappleton—a manor in the vicinity of Mark Lane—and not elsewhere.

1062.

Repertory 3, fo. 55b.

1063.

For an account of the riot and subsequent proceedings, see Holinshed, iii, 621-623, and the Grey Friars Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 53). p. 30.

1064.

Repertory 3, fos. 143, 143b.

1065.

Holinshed, iii, 624.

1066.

Repertory 3, fo. 144b.

1067.

-Id., fo. 143b.

1068.

Holinshed, 624.

1069.

Repertory 3, fo. 145b.

1070.

-Id., fo. 145.

1071.

Repertory 3, fo. 165.

1072.

-Id., fo. 166.

1073.

"Thys yere was much a doo in the yelde-halle for the mayer for the comyns wold not have had Semer, for be cause of yell May-day."—Grey Friars Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 53), p. 33.

1074.

Repertory 11, fo. 351b.

1075.

Cal. Letters and Papers, For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. ii, pt. i, Pref., p. ccxxi.

1076.

-Id., vol. ii, pt. ii, p. 1276.

1077.

Repertory 3, fos. 184b, 189b, 191, 192.

1078.

Letter Book N, fo. 95b.

1079.

Repertory 3, fos. 192, 194; Letter Book N, fos. 63b, 74.

1080.

Repertory 3, fo. 197.

1081.

Hall's Chron., pp. 593, 594.

1082.

Holinshed, iii, 632.

1083.

Cal. Letters and Papers, For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. ii. pt. i, Pref., pp. clx, clxi.

1084.

"An order devysed by the Mayer and hys brethrern the aldremen by the Kynges commandment for a Tryumphe to be done in the Citie of London at the Request of the Right honorable ambassadors of the Kynge of Romayns."—10 July, Journal 12, fo. 9.

1085.

Hall, pp. 592, 593.

1086.

Holinshed, iii, 639.

1087.

Journal 12, fos. 125, 172b, 173b; Letter Book N, fo. 194b.

1088.

Knighted the next day at Greenwich.—Repertory 5, fo. 295.

1089.

Repertory 5, fo. 294.

1090.

-Id. 4, fo. 134b.

1091.

-Id. 5, fo. 293.

1092.

Journal 12, fos. 75b-76; Letter Book N, fos. 142-143.

1093.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 30; Repertory 4, fo. 71b.

1094.

Repertory 4, fos. 1b, 12, 13.

1095.

Journal 12, fo. 136.

1096.

-Id., fo. 144.

1097.

Journal 12, fos. 158, 161, 163b; Letter Book N, fos. 187b, 190b.

1098.

Holinshed, iii, 675.

1099.

Shakespere mentions the Duke's manor thus:— "Not long before your highness sped to France, The duke being at the Rose, within the parish St. Laurence Poultney, did of me demand What was the speech among the Londoners Concerning the French journey." —Henry VIII, act 1, sc. 2.

1100.

Cal. Letters and Papers, For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. iii, pt. i, Pref., pp. cxxv, cxxvi, cxxxv, cxxxvi.

1101.

On the 5th July steps were taken by the Court of Aldermen for putting a stop to the mutinous and seditious words that were current in the city "concerning the lamenting and sorrowing of the death of the duke"—men saying that he was guiltless—and special precautions were taken for the safe custody of weapons and harness for fear of an outbreak. The scribe evinced his loyalty by heading the page of the record with Lex domini immaculata: Vivat Rex Currat L.—Repertory 5, fo. 204.

1102.

Repertory 5, fo. 288.

1103.

Journal 12, fos. 187b, 188b, 195; Letter Book N, fos. 203b, 204, 208.

1104.

Repertory 5, fo. 292.

1105.

Journal 12, fo. 187b.

1106.

Repertory 5, fos. 289, 290.

1107.

-Id., fo. 291.

1108.

Repertory 5, fos. 296b, 297.

1109.

-Id., fo. 294.

1110.

A portion remained unpaid on 16 August.—Journal 12, fo. 195.

1111.

Letter dated 3 Sept.—Journal 12, fo. 196b. On 28 Sept. Wolsey asked for more time to repay the loan.—Repertory 5, fo. 326.

1112.

Journal 12, fo. 200.

1113.

Journal 12, fo. 210.

1114.

See Green's "Hist. of the English People," ii, 121. 122.

1115.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 31.

1116.

Repertory 4, fo. 144; Cf. Repertory 6, fo. 20b; Letter Book N, fo. 222.

1117.

Repertory 4, fo. 145b.

1118.

Roper's "Life of More," pp. 17-20.

1119.

Repertory 4, fos. 152, 168; Cf. Repertory 6, fo. 38.

1120.

Repertory 4, fos. 144b, 145, 146, 150; Cf. Repertory 6, fos. 22b, 29, 32b.

1121.

Grey Friars Chron. pp. 30, 31.

1122.

Repertory 4, fos. 153b-154; Cf. Repertory 6, fo. 42.

1123.

Repertory 6, fo. 61b.

1124.

Holinshed, iii, 692, 693.

1125.

Journal 12, fos. 249-250.

1126.

Journal 12, fos. 287-288.

1127.

-Id., fo. 276.

1128.

-Id., fo. 284.

1129.

Letter Book N, fo. 280; Journal 12, fo. 329.

1130.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 32.

1131.

Hall's Chron., p. 695.

1132.

Journal 12, fo. 331; Letter Book N. fo. 278.

1133.

Journal 12, fo. 331b.

1134.

Hall's Chron., p. 701.

1135.

The truce was to last from 14 August to 1 December.—Letter Book N, fos. 291, 293; Journal 12, fos. 300, 305.

1136.

"Item in lyke wyse the Chamberleyn shall have allowance of and for suche gyftes and presentes as were geven presentyd on Sonday laste passyd at the Bysshoppes palace at Paules to the Ambassadours of Fraunce devysed and appoynted by my lorde Cardynalles Grace and most specyally at his contemplacioun geven for asmoch as lyke precedent in so ample maner hath not afore tyme be seen; the presents ensue etc."—Repertory 7, fo. 225.

1137.

He had been one of the commoners sent to confer with Wolsey touching the amicable loan (Journal 12, fo. 331b). He attended the coronation banquet of Anne Boleyn in 1533 (Repertory 9, fo. 2), and was M.P. for the city from 1529-1536 (Letter Book O, fo. 157). His daughter Elizabeth married Emanuel Lucar, also a merchant-tailor.—Repertory 9, fos. 139. 140.

1138.

Repertory 7, fos. 171b, 172, 174b, 179.

1139.

Repertory 7, fos. 179b, 180.

1140.

To the effect that he was not worth £1,000.—Journal 7, fo. 198.

1141.

Repertory 7, fos. 238b, 240, 240b.

1142.

-Id., fo. 243b.

1143.

Repertory 7, fo. 206. The Common Council assessed the fine at £100.—Journal 13, fo. 61b; Letter Book O, fo. 80b.

1144.

Repertory 7, fo. 264.

1145.

Journal 13, fo. 184b.

1146.

Letter Book O, fos. 88b, 89b.

1147.

Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. iv, Introd., p. cccclxv.

1148.

Letter Book O, fos. 174b-175; Journal 13, fo. 180b.

1149.

Letter Book O, fo. 157.

1150.

About the year 1522 Cromwell was living in the city, near Fenchurch, combining the business of a merchant with that of a money-lender. He sat in the parliament of 1523, and towards the close of that year served on a wardmote inquest for Bread Street Ward. In 1524 he entered Wolsey's service.—Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII.), vol. iii, pt. i, Introd., pp. cclvi, cclvii.

1151.

Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. iv, Introd., pp. dliii-dlvi.

1152.

Stat. 21, Henry VIII, caps. 5, 6 and 13.

1153.

Proclamation, 12 Sept., 1530.—Letter Book O, fo. 199b.

1154.

Burnell, "London (City) Tithes Act, 1879," Introd., pp. 1, 2.

1155.

Letter Book O, fos. 47, seq.

1156.

A list of these, comprising seven churches, was submitted to the Court of Aldermen, 23 Feb., 1528.—Repertory 8, fo. 21.

1157.

Letter Book O, fos. 140b, 141b.

1158.

Repertory 8, fo. 27b.

1159.

Letter Book O, fos. 145, 145b; Journal 13, fo. 125b.

1160.

Letter book P, fos. 31, 34, 41b; Journal 13, fo. 417b.

1161.

This order was confirmed by stat. 27, Henry VIII, cap. 21. Ten years later a decree was made pursuant to stat. 37, Henry VIII, cap. 12, regulating the whole subject of tithes, but owing to the decree not having been enrolled in accordance with the terms of the statute, much litigation has in recent times arisen.—Burnell, "London (City) Tithes Act, 1879," Introd., p. 3.

1162.

The well-known and somewhat romantic account of the origin of the priory and of its connection with the city cnihten-guild is given in Letter Book C, fos. 134b, seq.; Cf. Liber Dunthorn, fo. 79.

1163.

Grey Friars Chron. (Camd. Soc., No. 53), p. 35. Three years later (30 March, 1534) the Court of Aldermen resolved to wait upon the chancellor "to know his mind for the office concerning the lands" belonging to the late priory.—Repertory 9, fo. 53b.

1164.

By letters patent dated 13 April, 1531 (preserved at the Guildhall, Box No. 16).

1165.

Henry Lumnore, Lumnar or Lomner, a grocer by guild as well as calling (see Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. iii, pt. ii, p. 879), was associated with Sidney in holding the beam. The City offered to buy him out either by bestowing on him an annuity of £10 during the joint lives of himself and Sidney, or else by paying him a lump sum of £100.—Repertory 8, fo. 218b.

1166.

Anne Boleyn.

1167.

Repertory 8, fo. 131.

1168.

-Id., fos. 142b. 202b.

1169.

Chapuys to the emperor.—Cal. State Papers (Spanish), vol. iv., pt. ii, p. 646.

1170.

Repertory 9, fo. 1b. There is a fine drawing at Berlin by Holbein which is thought to be the original design for the triumphal arch erected by the merchants of the Steelyard on this occasion.

1171.

Journal 13, fo. 371b. According to Wriothesley (Camd. Soc., N.S., No. 11, p. 19) the present to the queen was made to her in a purse of cloth of gold on the occasion of her passing through the city on the 31st May, the day before her coronation.

1172.

Repertory 2, fo. 70b; Repertory 9, fo. 2.

1173.

Letter Book P, fos. 37-37b; Journal 13, fo. 408b.

1174.

Letter to Lord Lisle.—Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. vii, p. 208.

1175.

Repertory 9, fo. 57b. "Allso the same day [20 April] all the craftes in London were called to their halls, and there were sworne on a booke to be true to Queene Anne and to believe and take her for lawfull wife of the Kinge and rightfull Queene of Englande, and utterlie to thincke the Lady Marie, daughter to the Kinge by Queene Katherin, but as a bastarde, and thus to doe without any scrupulositie of conscience."—Wriothesley's Chron., i, 24.

1176.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 37. In November of the last year they had been made to do penance at Paul's Cross and afterwards at Canterbury.

1177.

"Historia aliquot nostri sæculi martyrum," 1583. Much of it is quoted by Father Gasquet in his work on "Henry VIII and the English Monasteries" (cap. vi), and also by Mr. Froude ("Hist. of England," vol. ii, cap. ix).

1178.

Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. vii, p. 283.

1179.

This convent—the most virtuous house of religion in England—was of the Order of St. Bridget, and received an annual visit from the mayor and aldermen of the City of London at what was known as "the pardon time of Sion," in the month of August. In return for the hospitality bestowed by the lady abbess on these occasions the Court of Aldermen occasionally made her presents of wine (Repertories 3, fo. 94b; 7, fo. 275). In 1517 the court instructed the chamberlain to avoid excess of diet on the customary visit. There was to be no breakfast on the barge and no swans at dinner (Repertory 3, fo. 154b). In 1825 the Court of Common Council decreed (inter alia) that "as tonchyng the goyng of my lord mayre and my masters his brethern the aldermen [to] Syon, yt is sett at large and to be in case as it was before the Restreynt" (Journal 12, fo. 302). It was suppressed 25 Nov., 1539.—Wriothesley's Chron., i, 109.

1180.

The Act of Supremacy was passed in 1534, but the king's new title as Supreme Head of the Church was not incorporated in his style before the 15 Jan., 1535.

1181.

Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. viii, p. 321.

1182.

-Id., p. 354.

1183.

Repertory 9, fo. 145.

1184.

-Id., fo. 199.

1185.

He had been elected mayor for the second time in October last (1535), much against his own wish, at the king's express desire.—Journal 13, fo. 452b; Wriothesley, i, 31. He presented the City with a collar of SS. to be worn by the mayor for the time being.—Repertory 11, fo. 238.

1186.

Repertory 9, fos. 199, 199b.

1187.

Repertory 9, fo. 200.

1188.

-Id., fo. 200b.

1189.

Son of Thomas Warren, fuller; grandson of William Warren, of Fering, co. Sussex. He was knighted on the day that his election was confirmed by the king (Wriothesley. i, 59). His daughter Joan (by his second wife Joan, daughter of John Lake, of London) married Sir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell (Repertory 14, fo. 180; Journal 17. fo. 137b), by whom she had issue Robert Cromwell, father of the Protector. Warren died 11 July, 1533, and his widow married Alderman Sir Thomas White.—See notes to Machyn's Diary, p. 330.

1190.

Repertory 9, fo. 209b.

1191.

Henry attributed her miscarriage to licentiousness; others to her having received a shock at seeing her royal husband thrown from his horse whilst tilting at the ring.—Wriothesley, i, 33.

1192.

Chapuys to [Granvelle] 25 Aug., 1536.—Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom. (Henry VIII), vol. xi., p. 145.

1193.

Wriothesley, i, 52-53.

1194.

Letter Book P, fo. 103b.

1195.

Wriothesley, i, 69.

1196.

Letter Book P, fo. 135b; Wriothesley, i, 71, 72.

1197.

Repertory 10, fos. 152b, 153; Wriothesley, i, 109, 111.

1198.

Repertory 10, fo. 161. The circumstance that Henry carried his new bride to Westminster by water instead of conducting her thither through the streets of the city has been considered a proof of his want of regard for her.

1199.

Holinshed, iii. 807.

1200.

Letter Book P, fo. 113; Journal 14, fo. 30b.

1201.

Stow's "Survey" (Thoms's ed., 1876), p. 68.

1202.

The Mercers' Company applied for a grant of the chapel and other property of the hospital; and this was conceded by letters patent, 21 April, 1542, upon payment of the sum of £969 17s. 6d., subject to a reserved rent of £7 8s. 10d., which was redeemed by the company in 1560.—Livery Comp. Com. (1880), Append. to Report, 1884, vol. ii, p. 9.

1203.

On the re-establishment of the Dutch or Mother Strangers' Church, at Elizabeth's accession, it was declared by the Privy Council to be under the superintendence of the Bishop of London (Cal. State Papers Dom., Feb., 1560). Hence it was that Dr. Temple, Bishop of London, was memorialised in March, 1888, as superintendent of the French Church in London.—See "Eng. Hist. Review," April, 1891, pp. 388-389.

1204.

Stow's "Survey" (Thoms's ed., 1876), p. 67.

1205.

Nichols' "Progresses of Queen Eliz.," iii. 598. For particulars of Swinnerton see Clode's "Early Hist. of the Merchant Taylors' Company," i, 262, etc.

1206.

Strype's Stow, bk. ii, pp. 114, 115.

1207.

Remembrancia (Analytical Index), pp. 133, 134.

1208.

In 1439 Reginald Kentwode, Dean of St. Paul's, having in a recent visitation discovered "many defaults and excesses," drew up a schedule of injunctions for their better regulation.—Printed in London and Middlesex Archæol. Soc. Transactions, ii, 200-203.

1209.

Journal 12, fo. 75.

1210.

Repertory 2, fo. 185b.

1211.

Repertory 5, fos. 15, 15b, 82b.

1212.

Repertory 2, fo. 185; Grey Friars Chron., pp. 29, 31.

1213.

Sixteen other registers for city parishes commence in 1538, and four in 1539.—See Paper on St. James Garlickhithe, by W. D. Cooper, F.S.A. (London and Middlesex Arch. Soc. Trans., vol. iii, p. 392, note).

1214.

Wriothesley's Chron. (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 11), i, 77, 78.

1215.

Descended from a Norfolk family. Apprenticed to John Middleton, mercer, of London, and admitted to the freedom of the Mercers' Company in 1507. Alderman of Walbrook and Cheap Wards successively. Sheriff 1531-2. Married (1) Audrey, daughter of William Lynne, of Southwick, co. Northampton, (2) Isabella Taverson, née Worpfall. Was the father of Sir Thomas Gresham, the founder of the Royal Exchange and of the college which bears his name.—Ob., 21 Feb., 1549. Buried in the church of St. Laurence Jewry.

1216.

Cott. MS., Cleop. E., iv, fo. 222.—Printed in Burgon's "Life of Gresham," i, 26-29.

1217.

Journal 14, fo. 129; Letter Book P, fo. 178.

1218.

Journal 14, fo. 216b; Letter Book P, fo. 220b.

1219.

Repertory 10, fo. 200.

1220.

Journal 14, fo. 269.

1221.

Wriothesley, i, 129.

1222.

Son of Thomas Hill, of Hodnet, co. Salop. He devoted large sums of money to building causeways and bridges, and erected a grammar school at Drayton-in-Hales, otherwise Market Drayton, in his native county, which he endowed by will, dated 6 April, 1551 (Cal. of Wills, Court of Hust., London, part ii, p. 651). See also Holinshed, iii, 1021.

1223.

Holinshed, iii, 824; Wriothesley, i, 135. According to the Grey Friars Chron. (p. 45), it was the sergeant-at-arms himself whom the sheriffs detained.

1224.

Proclamation dated 13 Aug., 1543.—Journal 15, fo. 48b.

1225.

Journal 15, fo. 55; Letter Book Q, fo. 93.

1226.

Letter Book Q, fo. 92b; Grey Friars Chron., p. 45.

1227.

Writ to mayor and sheriffs for proclamation of war, dat. 2 Aug., 1543.—Journal 15, fo. 46b.

1228.

Repertory 11, fo. 32b.

1229.

Repertory 11, fo. 65b.

1230.

Journal 15, fo. 95; Repertory 11, fo. 74; Letter Book Q, fo. 109.

1231.

"Memoranda ... relating to the Royal Hospitals," 1863, pp. 4-7.

1232.

Repertory 11, fo. 106; Letter Book Q, fo. 116b.

1233.

Repertory, 11, fo. 118b; Letter Book Q, fo. 120b.

1234.

Journal 15, fo. 123; Letter Book Q, fo. 119.

1235.

Journal 15, fo. 124; Letter Book Q, fo. 122.

1236.

Letter Book Q, fo. 120b.

1237.

Wriothesley, i, 151, 153; Grey Friars Chron., p. 48.

1238.

Holinshed, iii, 346.

1239.

Wriothesley, i, 151, 152.

1240.

Journal 15, fo. 239b; Letter Book Q, fo. 167b.

1241.

Journal 15, fo. 240.; Letter Book Q, fo. 168; Wriothesley, i, 154.

1242.

"A coarse frieze was so called from a small town in the West Riding of Yorkshire. An Act of 5 and 6 Edward VI (1551-2) provided that all "clothes commonly called Pennystones or Forest Whites ... shall conteyne in length beinge wett betwixt twelve and thirtene yardes."

1243.

Repertory 11, fo. 193b; Letter Book Q, fo. 133; Wriothesley, i, 154.

1244.

Wriothesley, i, 155.

1245.

Repertory 11, fos. 203, 212b.

1246.

30 July.—Repertory 11, fo. 215b. The Midsummer watch had not been kept this year.—Wriothesley, i, 156.

1247.

Repertory 11, fo. 213.

1248.

Wriothesley, i, 58.

1249.

Repertory 11, fo. 216b.

1250.

Stat. 37, Henry VIII, c. 4.

1251.

Repertory 11, fo. 299b; Letter Book Q, fo. 181; Journal 15, fo. 270; Wriothesley, i, 165.

1252.

Holinshed, iii, 856; Grey Friars Chron., p. 50.

1253.

Holinshed, iii, 847.

1254.

Letter Book Q, fo. 181.

1255.

Repertory 11, fo. 247.

1256.

Journal 15, fo. 213b.

1257.

Wriothesley, i, 162, 175.

1258.

Journal 15, fos. 245, 399b, seq.

1259.

"Memoranda ... Royal Hospitals," pp. 20-45.

1260.

Repertory 11, fo. 349b.

1261.

In Sept., 1547, the citizens were called upon to contribute half a fifteenth for the maintenance of the poor of St. Bartholomew's.—Journal 15, fo. 325b. In Dec, 1548, an annual sum of 500 marks out of the profits of Blackwell, and in 1557 the whole of the same profits were set aside for the poor.—Journal 15, fos. 398, seq.; Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 512.

1262.

Royal proclamation, 7 July, 1545, forbidding all pursuit of game in Westminster, Islington, Highgate, Hornsey and elsewhere in the suburbs of London.—Journal 15, fo. 240b.

1263.

Son of Christopher Huberthorne, of Waddington, co. Lane, Alderman of Farringdon Within. His mansion adjoined the Leadenhall. Ob., Oct., 1556. Buried in the church of St. Peter, Cornhill.—Machyn. 115, 352. It was in Huberthorne's mayoralty that the customary banquet to the aldermen, the "officers lerned" and the commoners of the city, on Monday next after the Feast of Epiphany, known as "Plow Monday," was discontinued.—Letter Book Q, fo. 191b. It was afterwards renewed and continues to this day in the form of a dinner given by the new mayor to the officers of his household and clerks engaged in various departments of the service of the Corporation. An attempt was at the same time made to put down the lord mayor's banquet also.—Wriothesley, i, 176.

1264.

Journal 15. fos. 303b, 305b; Letter Book Q, os. 192b, 194; Wriothesley. i, 178.

1265.

Journal 15, fo. 304; Letter Book Q, fo. 195; Repertory 11, fo. 335b.

1266.

"The lord mayor of London, Henry Hobulthorne, was called fourth, who kneeling before the king, his majestie tooke the sworde of the Lord Protector and made him knight, which was the first that eaver he made."—Wriothesley's Chron. (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 11.), i, 181.

1267.

This mace is still in possession of the Corporation. It is only brought out for use on such occasions as a coronation, when it is carried by the lord mayor as on the occasion narrated above, and at the annual election of the chief magistrate of the city, when it is formally handed by the Chamberlain to the lord mayor elect. The mace consists of a tapering shaft of rock crystal mounted in gold, with a coroneted head also of gold, adorned with pearls and large jewels. Its age is uncertain. Whilst some hazard the conjecture that it may be of Saxon origin, there are others who are of opinion that the head of it at least cannot be earlier than the 15th century.

1268.

Journal 15, fo. 305; Letter Book Q, fos. 195b-196; Repertory 11, fo. 334b.

1269.

"All these chyldren shall every Chyldermasse day come to Paulis Church and here the chylde bisshoppis sermon, and after be at the hye masse, and eche of them offer a 1d. to the childe bisshop and with theme the maisters and surveyors of the scole."—Statutes of St. Paul's School, printed in Lupton's "Life of Dean Colet," p. 278b.

1270.

Letter Book P, fo. 172b.

1271.

Journal 14, fo. 158b; Letter Book P, fo. 197.

1272.

See Brewer's Introd. to Cal. Letters and Papers For. and Dom., vol. iv, pp. dcli-dcliii.

1273.

Letter Book P, fo. 153.

1274.

Letter Book Q, fo. 102.

1275.

"Also this same tyme [Nov., 1547] was moche spekying agayne the sacrament of the auter, that some callyd it Jacke of the boxe, with divers other shamefulle names... And at this tyme [Easter, 1548] was more prechyng agayne the masse."—Grey Friars Chron., p. 55.

1276.

Letter Book Q, fo. 250b.

1277.

Repertory 11, fo. 423.

1278.

"After the redyng of the preposycioun made yesterday in the Sterre Chamber by the lorde chaunceler and ye declaracioun made by my lorde mayer of suche comunicacioun as his lordshyp had wt the Bysshop of Caunterburye concernyng the demeanor of certein prechers and other dysobedyent persones yt was ordered and agreyd that my lorde mayer and all my maisters thaldermen shall this afternone att ij of ye clok repayre to my lorde protectors grace and the hole counseill and declare unto theim the seid mysdemeanor and that thei shall mete att Saint Martyns in the Vyntrey att one of the clok."—Repertory 11, fo. 456b.

1279.

Repertory 11, fo. 465.

1280.

A proclamation against the evil behaviour of citizens and others against priests, 12 Nov., 1547.—Letter Book Q. fo. 218; Journal 15, fo. 335b.

1281.

By letters patent dated 14 July, 1550 (preserved at the Guildhall, Box 17).

1282.

Letter Book R, fo. 166b; Wriothesley's Chron. (Camden Soc., N.S., No. 20), ii, 35. See also exemplification of Act of Parl. passed a° 5 Edward VI, in accordance with the terms of this petition (Box 29).

1283.

Journal 15, fo. 322; Letter Book Q, fo. 210b.

1284.

Repertory 11. fo. 373; Letter Book Q, fo. 214.

1285.

Grey Friars Chron., 54, 55; Wriothesley. ii, 1.

1286.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 58. In May (1548) the duke applied to the City for water to be laid on to Stronde House, afterwards known as Somerset House.—Repertory 11, fos. 462b, 484; Journal 15. fo. 383b; Letter Book Q, fo. 253b.

1287.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 55.

1288.

Wriothesley, ii, 29. Touching the ceremony of visiting the tomb of the Bishop of London, to whom the citizens were indebted for the charter of William the Conqueror, see chap. i, p. 35.

1289.

Letter Book Q, fos. 232, 234b; Repertory 11, fos. 356, 415, 431, 444b, 511b.

1290.

"Item, at this same tyme [circ. Sept., 1547] was pullyd up alle the tomes, grett stones, alle the auteres, with stalles and walles of the qweer and auters in the church that was some tyme the Gray freeres, and solde and the qweer made smaller."—Grey Friars Chron., p. 54.

1291.

"At Ester followyng there began the commonion, and confession but of thoys that wolde, as the boke dothe specifythe."—Grey Friars Chron., p. 55; Cf. Wriothesley (Camd. Soc, N.S., No. 20), ii, 2.

1292.

The Guildhall college, chapel and library were restored to the City in 1550, by Edward VI, on payment of £456 13s. 4d.,—Pat. Roll 4 Edward VI, p. 9m. (32) 20; Letter Book R, fo. 64b.

1293.

Repertory 11, fo. 493b.

1294.

-Id., fo. 455. (431 pencil mark); Letter Book Q, fo. 237. "This yeare in the Whitson holidaies my lord maior [Sir John Gresham] caused three notable sermons to be made at Sainct Marie Spittell, according as they are kept at Easter.... And the sensing in Poules cleene put downe."—Wriothesley, ii, 2, 3. The processions were kept up in 1554, "but there was no sensynge."—Grey Friars Chron., p. 89.

1295.

-Cf. Journal 15, fo. 352b; Letter Book Q, fos. 230-252b. "This yeare [1548] the xxviiith daie of September, proclamation was made to inhibite all preachers generallie till the kinges further pleasure. After which daie all sermons seasede at Poules Crosse and in all other places."—Wriothesley, ii, 6.

1296.

Grey Friars Chron., pp. 59, 62. Occasionally the chronicler is overcome by his feelings, and cries out, "Almyghty God helpe it whan hys wylle ys!" Id., p. 67.

1297.

In some cases the new owners may have experienced some difficulty in fixing a fair rent, as appears to have been the case with the City of London and its recently acquired property of Bethlehem. When the Chamberlain reported that the rents demanded for houses in the precincts of the hospital were far too high, he was at once authorised to reduce them at discretion.—Letter Book R, fo. 10b.

1298.

Letter Book R, fo. 11b.

1299.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 60; Wriothesley, ii, 15, 16.

1300.

Wriothesley, ii, 16, 17; Grey Friars Chron., p. 60.

1301.

Wriothesley, ii, 19.

1302.

Wriothesley, ii, 20; Grey Friars Chron., p. 61.

1303.

Holinshed, iii, 982-984.

1304.

Letter Book R, fo. 40; Journal 16, fo. 36.

1305.

Letter Book R, fo. 39b.

1306.

Acts of the Privy Council, ii, 331-332; Wriothesley, ii, 24-25; Holinshed, iii, 1014; Repertory 12, pt. i, fos. 149-150.

1307.

Holinshed, iii, 1014-1015; Acts of Privy Council, ii, 333.

1308.

Acts of Privy Council, ii, fos. 333-336.

1309.

Repertory 12, pt. i, fo. 150b.

1310.

Letter Book R, fo. 40b.

1311.

-Id., fos. 43-43b.

1312.

Acts of Privy Council, ii, 336, 337.

1313.

Wriothesley, ii, 26.

1314.

Acts of Privy Council, ii, 337-342.

1315.

Letter Book R, fos. 41-42; Journal 16, fos. 37, 37b. According to Holinshed (iii, 1017, 1018), considerable opposition was made by a member of the Common Council named George Stadlow to any force at all being sent by the city. He reminded the court of the evils that had arisen in former times from the city rendering support to the barons against Henry III, and how the city lost its liberties in consequence. The course he recommended was that the city should join the lords in making a humble representation to the king as to the Protector's conduct.

1316.

Wriothesley, ii, 26, 27.

1317.

Letter Book R, fo. 37; Journal 16, fo. 34; Wriothesley, ii, 26.

1318.

Stow's "Summarie of the Chronicles of England" (ed. 1590), p. 545; Wriothesley, ii, 27, 28. The names are given differently in the Acts of the Privy Council, ii, 344.

1319.

Grey Friars Chron., pp. 63, 64; Cf. Wriothesley, ii, 24.

1320.

Wriothesley, ii, 28.

1321.

Acts of Privy Council, ii, 384; Wriothesley, ii, 33.

1322.

For more than a week he had been compelled to lie on nothing but straw, his bed having been taken away by order of the knight marshal for refusing to pay an extortionate fee.—Grey Friars Chron., p. 65.

1323.

Thomas Thurlby, the last abbot of Westminster, became the first and only bishop of the see. Upon the union of the see with that of London Thurlby became bishop of Norwich. Among the archives of the city there is a release by him, in his capacity as bishop of Westminster, and the dean and chapter of the same, to the City of London of the parish church of St. Nicholas, Shambles. The document is dated 14 March, 1549, and has the seals of the bishopric and of the dean and chapter, in excellent preservation, appended.

1324.

For objecting to the prescribed vestments, he was committed to the Fleet by order of the Privy Council, 27 Jan., 1551, and was not consecrated until the following 8th March.—Hooper to Bullinger, 1 Aug., 1551 ("Original Letters relative to the English Reformation." ed. for Parker Society, 1846, p. 91).

1325.

Their respective boundaries are set out in the Report of Commissioners on Municipal Corporations (1837), p. 3.

1326.

Charter dated 6 March, 1 Edward III.

1327.

Charter dated 9 Nov., 2 Edward IV.

1328.

Letter Book Q, fos. 239b-241b.

1329.

Letter Book R, fo. 58b.

1330.

Dated 23 April, 1550. A fee of £6 "and odde money" was paid for the enrolment of this charter in the Exchequer.—Repertory 12, pt. ii, fo. 458. This fee appears to have been paid, notwithstanding the express terms of the charter that no fee great or small should be paid or made or by any means given to the hanaper to the king's use. According to Wriothesley (ii, 36), the "purchase" of Southwark cost the city 1,000 marks, "so that nowe they shall have all the whole towne of Southwarke by letters patent as free as they have the City of London, the Kinges Place [i.e. Southwark Place or Suffolk House] and the two prison houses of the Kinges Bench and the Marshalsea excepted."

1331.

Wriothesley, ii, 38.

1332.

Letter Book R, fo. 80; Journal 16, fo. 82b.

1333.

The custom in the city was for the inhabitants of a vacant ward to nominate four persons for the Court of Aldermen to select one. As there were no means of enforcing the above ordinance it was repealed by Act of Co. Co., 16 June, 1558.—Letter Book S., fo. 167b.

1334.

Letter Book R, fo. 71b. The following particulars of Aylyff and his family are drawn from the city's archives. From Bridge Ward Without he removed to Dowgate Ward. At the time of his death, in 1556, he was keeper of the clothmarket at Blackwell Hall. His widow was allowed to take the issues and profits of her late husband's place for one week, and was forgiven a quarter's rent. Aylyff's son Erkenwald succeeded him at Blackwell Hall. The son died in 1561. After his decease he was convicted of having forged a deed. His widow, Dorothy, married Henry Butler, "gentleman."—Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 442b, 443, 461; Repertory 14, fos. 446b, 477b, 478; Repertory 16, fo. 6b.

1335.

Printed Report. Co. Co., 20 May, 1836.

1336.

See Report Committee of the whole Court for General Purposes, with Appendix, 31 May, 1892 (Printed).

1337.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 66. The surrender of Boulogne was "sore lamented of all Englishmen."—Wriothesley, ii, 37.

1338.

Repertory 12, pt. ii, fo. 271b; Letter Book R, fos. 74, 85b; Journal 16, fos. 66b, 91b.

1339.

Letter Book R, fo. 115; Journal 16, fo. 118.

1340.

Wriothesley, ii, 48. The price of living became so dear that the town clerk and the under-sheriffs asked for and obtained from the Common Council an increase of emoluments.—Letter Book R, fo. 117b.

1341.

Wriothesley, ii, 54.

1342.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 72.

1343.

Wriothesley, ii, 56; Grey Friars Chron., p. 71.

1344.

Grey Friars Chron., pp. 72, 73.

1345.

-Id., pp. 71, 72.

1346.

Wriothesley, ii, 57.

1347.

Repertory 12, pt. ii, fo. 426; Letter Book R, fo. 157b.

1348.

Wriothesley, ii, 63.

1349.

Holinshed, iii, 1032.

1350.

Journal 15, fo. 325b; Letter Book Q, fo. 214b.

1351.

Letter Book Q, fo. 237; Repertory 11, fo. 445b.

1352.

Journal 15, fo. 384.

1353.

Letter Book Q, fo. 261b; Journal 15, fos. 398, 401; Appendix vii to "Memoranda of the Royal Hospitals," pp. 46-51.

1354.

Repertory 12, pt. ii., fos. 311, 312b.

1355.

Both deeds are printed in Supplement to Memoranda relating to Royal Hospitals, pp. 15-32.

1356.

Son of Robert Dobbs, of Batley, Yorks. Alderman of Tower Ward. Knighted 8 May, 1552. Ob. 1556. Buried in Church of St. Margaret Moses.—Machyn, pp. 105, 269, 349; Wriothesley, ii, 69.

1357.

Report, Charity Commissioners, No. 32, pt. vi, p. 75; Strype, Stow's "Survey," bk. i, p. 176.

1358.

Among the names of those forming the deputation appears that of Richard Grafton, whose printing house, from which issued "The Prymer"—one of the earliest books of private devotion printed in English as well as Latin—was situate within the precinct of the Old Grey Friars.—Repertory 12, p. ii., fos. 271b, 272b.

1359.

Strype, Stow's "Survey," bk. i, p. 176.

1360.

Wriothesley, 83; Repertory 13, fo. 60.

1361.

Charter dated 26 June, 1553.

1362.

"Letters Patent for the limitation of the Crown," sometimes called the "counterfeit will" of King Edward VI.—Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary (Camd. Soc., No. 48), pp. 91-100.

1363.

Richard Hilles to Henry Bullinger, 9 July, 1553.—"Original letters relative to the English Reformation" (Parker Soc.), pp. 272-274.

1364.

Grey Friars Chron., pp. 78, 79.

1365.

Wriothesley, ii, 88-90.

1366.

Letter Book R, fo. 262b; Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 68.

1367.

Wriothesley, ii, 90, 91; Grey Friars Chron., p. 81.

1368.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 69.

1369.

-Id., fo. 70b.

1370.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 69b.

1371.

Wriothesley, 93-95.

1372.

Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 14; Wriothesley, ii, 95.

1373.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 83; Wriothesley, ii, 96-98.

1374.

Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 24.

1375.

Letter Book R, fo. 270; Journal 16, fo. 261b.

1376.

Wriothesley, ii, 99, 100; Holinshed, iv, 3.

1377.

Citizen and Merchant Taylor. Son of William White, of Reading, and formerly of Rickmansworth. Founder of St. John's College, Oxford, and principal benefactor of Merchant Taylors' School. Alderman of Cornhill Ward; when first elected alderman he declined to accept office and was committed to Newgate for contumacy (Letter Book Q, fo. 109b; Repertory 11, fo. 80b). Sheriff 1547. Knighted at Whitehall 10 Dec., 1553 (Wriothesley, ii, 105). His first wife, Avice (surname unknown), died 26 Feb., 1588, and was buried in the church of St. Mary Aldermary. He afterwards married Joan, daughter of John Lake and widow of Sir Ralph Warren, twice Mayor of London. Ob. 11 Feb., 1566, at Oxford, aged 72.—Clode, "Early Hist. Guild of Merchant Taylors," pt. ii, chaps. x-xii; Machyn's Diary, pp. 167, 330, 363.

1378.

Journal 16, fo. 261; Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 74b.

1379.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 84.

1380.

Met in October, 1553. The names of the city's representatives are not recorded. The Court of Aldermen, according to a custom then prevalent, authorized the city chamberlain to make a gift of £6 13s. 4d. to Sir John Pollard, the Speaker, "for his lawfull favor to be borne and shewed in the parlyment howse towardes this cytie and theyre affayres theire."—Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 92.

1381.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 85; Wriothesley, ii, 104; Chron. Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 32. There is preserved in the British Museum a small manual of prayers believed to have been used by Lady Jane Grey on the scaffold. The tiny volume (Harl. MS., 2342) measures only 3-1/2 inches by 2-3/4 inches, and contains on the margin lines addressed to Sir John Gage, lieutenant of the Tower, and to her father, the Duke of Suffolk.

1382.

Journal 16, fo. 283.

1383.

Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, 35.

1384.

Wriothesley, ii, 106.

1385.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fos. 116, 116b, 117, 117b, 119-122b.

1386.

Wriothesley, ii, 107.

1387.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 121.

1388.

Foxe's "Acts and Monuments," vi, 414-415; Holinshed, iv, 16.

1389.

Holinshed, iv, 15.

1390.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 124.

1391.

Wriothesley, iii, 109.

1392.

Stow.

1393.

Foxe's "Acts and Monuments," vi, 415.

1394.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 87.

1395.

Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 43; Wriothesley, iii, 107, 108.

1396.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 87.

1397.

Machyn, 45. The gibbets remained standing till the following June, when they were taken down in anticipation of Philip's public entry into London.—Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, 76.

1398.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 89.

1399.

Journal 16, fo. 283; Letter Book R, fo. 288.

1400.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 131.

1401.

Holinshed, iv, 26.

1402.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 153; Letter Book R, fo. 293.

1403.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 130; Journal 16, fo. 284b.

1404.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 138b.

1405.

-Id., fos. 142b, 146b.

1406.

-Id., fo. 147.

1407.

Wriothesley, ii, 115.

1408.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 186b.

1409.

-Id., fo. 190b.

1410.

Howell's "State Trials," i, 901, 902; Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 75.

1411.

It sat from 2 April until 5 May.—Wriothesley, ii, 114, 115. The city returned the same members that had served in the last parliament of Edward VI, namely, Martin Bowes, Broke the Recorder, John Marsh and John Blundell.

1412.

Journal 16, fo. 295b.

1413.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fos. 165, 166, 166b, 170.

1414.

Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 77.

1415.

-Id., p. 78.

1416.

Journal 16, fo. 263.

1417.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 191. A full account of the pageants, etc., will be found in John Elder's letter.—Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, Appendix X.

1418.

Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, pp. 78-79.

1419.

Martin Bowes, of the old members, alone continued to sit for the city, the places of the other members being taken by Ralph Cholmeley, who had succeeded Broke as Recorder; Richard Grafton, the printer; and Richard Burnell.

1420.

Chron. of Q. Jane and Q. Mary, 82; Wriothesley, 122.

1421.

Repertory 13, part i, fo. 111b.

1422.

-Id., fo. 193.

1423.

Journal 16, fo. 300. Bishop Braybroke, nearly two centuries before, had done all he could to put down marketing within the sacred precincts, and to render "Paul's Walk"—as the great nave of the cathedral was called—less a scene of barter and frivolity.

1424.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 251b.

1425.

In 1558, a man convicted of breaking this law was ordered to ride through the public market places of the city, his face towards the horse's tail, with a piece of beef hanging before and behind him, and a paper on his head setting forth his offence.—Repertory 13, fo. 12b.

1426.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 193; Letter Book S, fo. 119b.

1427.

Journal 16, fo. 285b; Letter Book R, fo. 290b; Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 147; Wriothesley, ii, 114.

1428.

Grey Friars Chron., p. 89.

1429.

-Id., p. 95.

1430.

-Id., ibid.

1431.

-Id., p. 78n.

1432.

Journal 16, fo. 321b.

1433.

Wriothesley, ii, 126; Grey Friars Chron., p. 94.

1434.

Wriothesley, ii, 126n; Grey Friars Chron., pp. 56, 57, 95.

1435.

Foxe's "Acts and Monuments," vi, 717, 737, 740, vii, 114, 115.

1436.

"Item the vth day of September [1556], was browte thorrow Cheppesyde teyd in ropes xxiijti tayd together as herreytkes, and soo unto the Lowlers tower."—Grey Friars Chron., p. 98.

1437.

"At this time [Aug., 1554] there was so many Spanyerdes in London that a man shoulde have mett in the stretes for one Inglisheman above iiij Spanyerdes, to the great discomfort of the Inglishe nation. The halles taken up for Spanyerdes."—Chron. Q. Jane and Q. Mary, p. 81.

1438.

-Id., ibid.

1439.

Repertory 13, pt. i, fo. 205b.

1440.

By an order in council, dated Greenwich, 13 March, 1555, the merchants of the Steelyard were thenceforth to be allowed to buy cloth in warehouses adjoining the Steelyard, without hindrance from the mayor. The mayor was ordered to give up cloth that had been seized as foreign bought and sold at Blackwell Hall. He was, moreover, not to demand quotam salis of the merchants, who were to be allowed to import into the city fish, corn and other provisions free of import.—Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 384b; Letter Book S, fo. 76.

1441.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 399b, 404, 406; Letter Book S, fos. 70, 93b.

1442.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 508b.

1443.

Wheeler's "Treatise of Commerce" (ed. 1601), p. 100.

1444.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 507b, 520b, 540.

1445.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 529.

1446.

-Id., fo. 526b.

1447.

-Id., fo. 534b.

1448.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 420.

1449.

Stafford had issued a proclamation from Scarborough Castle declaiming against Philip for introducing 12,000 foreigners into the country, and announcing himself as protector and governor of the realm. He was captured by the Earl of Westmoreland and executed on Tower Hill 28 May.—Journal 17, fo. 34b; Letter Book S, fo. 127b; Holinshed. iv, 87; Machyn's Diary, p. 137.

1450.

Journal 17, fo. 37b; Letter Book S, fo. 131.

1451.

Journal 17, fos. 37b, 38; Letter Book S, fo. 131b.

1452.

Machyn, p. 142.

1453.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 517.

1454.

"London fond v.c. men all in bluw cassokes, sum by shyppes and sum to Dover by land, the goodlyst men that ever whent, and best be-sene in change (of) apprelle."—Diary, p. 143.

1455.

Merchant Taylor, son of William Offley, of Chester; alderman of Portsoken and Aldgate Wards. Was one of the signatories to the document nominating Lady Jane Grey successor to Edward VI, and was within a few weeks (1 Aug.) elected sheriff. Knighted with alderman William Chester, 7 Feb., 1557. His mansion-house was in Lime Street, near the Church of St. Andrew Undershaft. Ob. 29 Aug, 1582.—Machyn, pp. 125, 353; Index to Remembrancia, p. 37, note. Fuller, who erroneously places his death in 1580, describes him as the "Zaccheus of London" not "on account of his low stature, but his great charity in bestowing half of his estate on the poor."—Fuller's "Worthies," p. 191.

1456.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 521b, 522; Letter Book S, fo. 134.

1457.

Journal 17, fo. 54b.

1458.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 530.

1459.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fos. 530, 532, 522b, 535; Journal 17, fo. 54.

1460.

Machyn, p. 147.

1461.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 571.

1462.

Journal 17, fo. 55. See Appendix. They were ordered in the first instance to be forwarded to Dover by the 19th Jan. at the latest, but on the 6th Jan. the Privy Council sent a letter to the mayor to the effect that "albeit he was willed to send the vc men levied in London to Dover, forasmuch as it is sithence considered here that they may with best speede be brought to the place of service by seas, he is willen to sende them with all speede by hoyes to Queenburgh, where order is given for the receavinge and placing of them in the shippes, to be transported with all speede possible."—Harl. MS. 643, fo. 198; Notes to Machyn's Diary, p. 362.

1463.

Journal 17, fo. 56.

1464.

Wriothesley, ii, 140.

1465.

Order of the Court of Aldermen, 10 Jan.—Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 582.

1466.

Repertory 13, pt. ii, fo. 582b; Precept to the Companies.—Journal 17, fo. 56b.

1467.

Journal 17, fo. 57. So furious was this storm, lasting four or five days, that "some said that the same came to passe through necromancie, and that the diuell was raised vp and become French, the truth whereof is known (saith Master Grafton) to God."—Holinshed, iv, 93.

1468.

Journal 17, fo. 7.

1469.

Repertory 14, fo. 1b; Journal 17, fo. 58; Machyn, 164.

1470.

Journal 17, fos. 59, 59b; Letter Book S, fos. 154b, 155.

1471.

Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 100; Wriothesley, ii, 140, 141.

1472.

Stat. 5 and 6, Edward VI, c. 20, which repealed Stat. 37, Henry VIII, c. 9 (allowing interest to be taken on loans at the rate of ten per cent.) and forbade all usury. This Statute was afterwards repealed (Stat. 13, Eliz., c. 8) and the Statute of Henry VIII re-enacted. The dispensation granted by Mary was confirmed in 1560 by Elizabeth.—Repertory 14, fo. 404b.

1473.

Repertory 14, fo. 15b; Journal 17, fo. 63. A large portion of this loan was repaid by Elizabeth soon after her accession.—Repertory 14, fos. 236b, 289.

1474.

Repertory 14, fos. 94b, 96b.

1475.

The commemoration was eventually put down by the Stuarts as giving rise to tumults and disorders.—Journal 49, fo. 270b; Luttrell's Diary, 17 Nov., 1682.

1476.

Son of Roger Leigh, of Wellington, co. Salop, an apprentice of Sir Rowland Hill, whose niece, Alice Barker, he married. Buried in the Mercers' Chapel. By his second son, William, he was ancestor of the Lords Leigh, of Stoneleigh, and by his third son William, grandfather of Francis Leigh, Earl of Chichester.—Notes to Machyn's Diary, p. 407.

1477.

"The order of the sheryfes at the receyvyng of the quenes highenes in to Myddlesex."—Letter Book S, fo. 183; Repertory 14, fo. 90b.

1478.

Letter Book S, fo. 182b; Journal 7, fo. 101b.

1479.

Repertory 14, fos. 97, 98.

1480.

-Id., fo. 99.

1481.

-Id., fo. 102b.

1482.

Repertory 14, fo. 103b.

1483.

Dated 27 Dec., 1558.—Journal 17, fo. 106b.

1484.

Wriothesley, ii, 145.

1485.

-Id. ibid.

1486.

Repertory 4, fo. 213b.

1487.

Journal 17, fos. 120b, 168; Repertory 14, fo. 152; Letter Book T, fo. 82b.

1488.

"In some places the coapes, vestments, and aulter clothes, bookes, banners, sepulchers and other ornaments of the churches were burned, which cost above £2,000 renuinge agayne in Queen Maries time" (Wriothesley, ii, 146; Cf. Machyn, p. 298). Among the churchwarden accounts of the parish of St. Mary-at-Hill for the year 1558-1559 there is a payment of one shilling for "bringing down ymages to Romeland (near Billingsgate) to be burnt."

1489.

Proclamation, dated 19 Sept., 1559.—Journal 17, fo. 267; Letter Book T, fo. 5b.

1490.

Journal 17, fo. 184b.

1491.

Proclamation, dated 24 March, 1560.—Journal 17, fo. 223b.

1492.

In April the city was called upon to furnish 900 soldiers, in May 250 seamen, and in June 200 soldiers.—Repertory 14, fos. 323, 336, 339b, 340, 340b, 344b; Journal 17, fos. 238b, 244. It is noteworthy that the number of able men in the city at this time serviceable for war, although untrained, was estimated to amount to no more than 5,000.—Journal 17, fo. 244b.

1493.

Journal 18, fos. 57-60b. The livery companies furnished the men according to allotment. The barber-surgeons claimed exemption by statute (32 Henry VIII, c. 42), but subsequently consented to waive their claim. The city also objected to supplying the soldiers with cloaks.—Repertory 15, fos. 110b, 113.

1494.

Journal 18, fo. 66; Machyn, pp. 292, 293.

1495.

Journal 18, fo. 71.

1496.

The queen to the mayor and corporation of London, 30 June, 1563.—Journal 18, fo. 124.

1497.

Repertory 15, fo. 258.

1498.

-Id., fo. 259.

1499.

-Id., fo. 263.

1500.

The queen to the mayor, 2 Aug., 1563.—Journal 18, fo. 140. Precept of the mayor.—Id., fo. 136; Repertory 15, fo. 279b; Machyn's Diary, p. 312.

1501.

Journal 18, fo. 128.

1502.

-Id., fo. 119b.

1503.

Repertory 15, fo. 265b.

1504.

Machyn, 312.

1505.

Journal 18, fos. 139, 139b, 142, 151b, 152b, 154, 156b, 184, 189b. With the sickness was associated, as was so often the case, a scarcity of food.—Repertory 15, fos. 127, 133b, 138, 168, 178, 179b, etc. The rate of mortality increased to such an extent that a committee was appointed for the purpose of procuring more burial accommodation.—Repertory 15, fos. 311b, 313b, 333.

1506.

Proclamation dated 1 Aug., 1563.—Journal 18, fo. 141.

1507.

Repertory 15, fo. 284b.

1508.

Journal 18, fo. 249.

1509.

-Id., fo. 190b.

1510.

Journal 18, fos. 214, 215, 227, 291b, 354b; Holinshed, iv, 224.

1511.

Journal 17, fos. 320, 321, 331b; Letter Book T, fos. 42, 42b; Repertory 14, fo. 491b. The fire caused by the lightning threatened the neighbouring shops, and their contents were therefore removed to Christchurch, Newgate and elsewhere for safety.—Journal 17, fo. 319b; Letter Book T, fo. 42.

1512.

Repertory 15, fos. 474, 478.

1513.

Repertory 16, fos. 227, 241b, 274; Letter Book V, fo. 108b.

1514.

Repertory 16, fos. 303b, 448. Among the Chamber Accounts of this period we find an item of a sum exceeding £4 paid for "Cusshens to be occupied at Powles by my L. Maior and thaldermen, vz:—for cloth for the uttorside lyning of leather feathers and for making of theym as by a bill appearth."—Chamber Accounts, Town Clerk's Office, vol. i, fo. 50b.

1515.

Journal 13, fos. 417, 420, 435, 442b, 443.

1516.

Cotton MS., Otho E, x. fo. 45; Cf. Burgon's "Life of Gresham," i, 31-33.

1517.

Journal 14, fos. 124, 124b.

1518.

By Sir Richard's first wife Audrey, daughter of William Lynne, of Southwick, co. Northampton. Sir Thomas is supposed to have been born in London in 1519. Having been bound apprentice to his uncle, Sir John Gresham, he was admitted to the freedom of the Mercers' Company in 1543. Married Anne, daughter of William Ferneley, of West Creting, co. Suffolk, widow of William Read, mercer.

1519.

The queen's business kept him so much abroad that her majesty wrote to the Common Council (7 March, 1563) desiring that he might be discharged from all municipal duties.—Journal 18, fo. 137.

1520.

Printed in Burgon's "Life of Gresham," i, 409.

1521.

Repertory 15, fo. 237b.

1522.

Burgon, ii, 30-40.

1523.

Repertory 15, fos. 406b, 407.

1524.

Repertory 15, fos. 410b, 412.

1525.

-Id., fos. 417b, 431.

1526.

Repertory 16, fos. 31b, 32b, 43b; Letter Book V, fos. 5, 7b, 8, 17, 21b.

1527.

The amount of subscriptions and charges is set out in a "booke" and entered on the City's Journal (No. 19, fos. 12-20; Cf. Letter Book V, fos. 70b-79); see also Repertory 16, fo. 126.

1528.

Journal 18. fo. 398.

1529.

Repertory 16, fo. 316.

1530.

Repertory 16, fo. 406b.

1531.

Repertory 15, fo. 268b.

1532.

Repertory 16, fo. 229.

1533.

"A proclamacioun concernyng the cutting of the crest conyzans and mantell of the arms of Sr Thomas Gresham."—Journal 19, fo. 150b; Letter Book V, fo. 222.

1534.

Journal 20, pt. ii, fo. 341.

1535.

Repertory 18, fo. 362.

1536.

"Law and Practice of Marine Insurance," by John Duer, LL.D. (New York, 1845), Lecture ii, p. 33.

1537.

At the present day the form of policy used at Lloyds and commonly called the "Lloyd's policy" contains the following clause:—"and it is agreed by us the insurers, that this writing or policy of assurance shall be of as much force and effect as the surest writing or policy of assurance heretofore made in Lombard Street or in the Royal Exchange or elsewhere in London."—Arnould, "Marine Insurance" (6th ed.), i, 230.

1538.

Repertory 18, fo. 362b.

1539.

Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 523.

1540.

Repertory 19, fos. 166b, 168.

1541.

The reader is here reminded that there is an essential difference between life policies and fire or marine policies of assurance. The latter, being policies of indemnity, recovery can be had at law only to the extent of the actual damage done, whereas in life policies the whole amount of the policy can be recovered.

1542.

Repertory 17, fo. 300.

1543.

Repertory 19, fo. 150.

1544.

Cal. Wills, Court of Hust., London, ii, 698.

1545.

Printed Report "Gresham College Trust," 29 Oct., 1885.

1546.

A return made in 1567 by the livery companies of foreigners residing in the city and liberties gives the number as 3,562.—Repertory 16, fo. 202. Another authority gives the number as 4,851, of which 3,838 were Dutch.—Burgon's "Life of Gresham," ii, 242, citing Haynes, p. 461.

1547.

Burgon's "Life of Gresham," ii, 271-275.

1548.

Repertory 16, fo. 164.

1549.

Journal 19, fo. 116.

1550.

Precept of the mayor to that effect, 19 Oct., 1568.-Id., fo. 132b.

1551.

Repertory 16, fo. 451.

1552.

Journal 19, fo. 180; Letter Book V, fo. 245.

1553.

Letter Book V, fo. 246. Holinshed (iv, 234) and others give the whole credit of providing the cemetery to the liberality of Sir Thomas Rowe, the mayor.

1554.

Proclamation (15 July, 1568) against suspected persons landing in England or returning "with any furniture for mayntenaunce of ther rebellion or other lyke cryme" against the King of Spain.—Journal 18, fo. 115; Cf. Letter Book V, fos. 181, 246b.

1555.

Green, "Hist. of the English People," ii, 418.

1556.

Repertory 15, fos. 162, 164, 166b, 241b, 258, 267b, 297, etc.

1557.

Strype, Stow's "Survey" (ed. 1720), bk. i, p. 283.

1558.

Journal II, fo. 253.

1559.

Journal 19, fos. 55-58; Letter Book V, fos. 115b-117b.

1560.

Price's "London Bankers" (enlarged edition), p. 51.

1561.

Letter Book V, fo. 139.

1562.

Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 314.

1563.

Clode, "Early Hist. of the Guild of Merchant Taylors," pt. ii, pp. 229-230.

1564.

Journal 19, fo. 133b.

1565.

Holinshed, iv, 234.

1566.

"Mesmes j'entendz que de la blanque, qu'on a tirée ces jours passés en ceste ville, ceste Royne retirera pour elle plus de cent mille livres esterlin, qui sont 33,000 escuz; de quoy le monde murumre assés pour la diminution qu'ilz trouvent aulx bénéfices qu'ilz esperoient de leurs billetz"—wrote De la Motlie Fénélon, the French ambassador in London.—Cooper's "Recueil des Dépéches, etc., des Ambassadeurs de France (Paris and London, 1838-1840)," i, 155.

1567.

Proclamation, 6 Jan., 1569.—Journal 19, fo. 139; Letter Book V, fo. 210.

1568.

See letter from Sir Arthur Champernowne, William Hawkins and others to the lords of the council. 1 Jan., 1569.—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 326.

1569.

Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 326.

1570.

Cotton MS., Galba C, iii, fo. 151b. This letter was signed by John Gresham, Thomas Offley, John White, Roger Martyn, Leonell Duckett, Thomas Heaton, Richard Wheler, Thomas Aldersey and Francis Beinson.

1571.

Citizen and Merchant Taylor: Alderman of the Wards of Portsoken and Bishopsgate; Sheriff, 1560-61. Ob. 2 Sept., 1570. Buried in Hackney Church. He bestowed the sum of £100 for the relief of members of his company "usinge the brode shire or ell rowinge of the pearch or making of garmentes" during his lifetime, and some landed estate in the city by his will for like purpose.—Letter Book V, fo. 274b; Cal. of Wills, Court of Husting, ii, 686.

1572.

Letter printed (from original among State Papers Dom.) in Burgon's "Life of Gresham," ii, 287.

1573.

Sir Thomas Rowe, mayor, to Secretary Cecil. 23 Jan., 1569.—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 329; Burgon's "Life of Gresham," ii, 295-296.

1574.

-Id., 25 Jan.

1575.

Cooper's "Dépêches, etc., des Ambassadeurs de France," i, 176-177.

1576.

Burgon's "Life of Gresham," ii, 297.

1577.

Lansd. MS., No. xii, fo. 16b.

1578.

-Id., fo. 22.

1579.

Repertory 17, fo. 36b.

1580.

Journal 19, fo. 247b; Letter Book V, fo. 301.

1581.

Journal 19, fo. 257.

1582.

-Id., fo. 390b.

1583.

Journal 19, fo. 390b.

1584.

Add. MS., No. 5, 755, fo. 58.

1585.

In the following year he was removed to the Charterhouse, but being discovered in correspondence with the deposed Queen of Scots was again placed in the Tower. He was tried and convicted of treason, and after some delay executed on Tower Hill.—Holinshed, iv, 254, 262, 264, 267.

1586.

The proclamation, which is set out in Journal 19, fo. 202b (Cf. Letter Book V, fo. 267b), gives in detail the rise and progress of the rebellion.

1587.

Journal 19, fo. 202; Letter Book V, fo. 267.

1588.

Journal 19, fo. 202; Letter Book V, fo. 267.

1589.

Letter Book V, fo. 269.

1590.

Journal 19, fo. 206b; Letter Book V, fo. 270b; Repertory 16, fo. 522b.

1591.

Holinshed, iv, 254.

1592.

-Id., 262.

1593.

From Hertfordshire, alderman of Billingsgate Ward.

1594.

Dated 8 Nov.—Journal 19, fo. 370b.

1595.

Holinshed, iv, 263.

1596.

Repertory 17, fos. 8b, 23, 27b, 29. 243, etc.; Repertory 19, fos. 24b, 154, etc.; City Records known as "Remembrancia" (Analytical Index), pp. 51-55.

1597.

Stranger denizens, carrying on a handicraft in the city, had recently preferred a Bill in Parliament against several of the livery companies. They were persuaded, however, to drop it, and refer their grievance to the Court of Aldermen.—Repertory 17, fos. 302b, 335, 337. A return made by the mayor (10 Nov., 1571) of the strangers then living in London and Southwark and liberties thereof gives the total number as 4,631.—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 427.

1598.

Repertory 17, fo. 372.

1599.

Journal 19, fos. 407-408b, 417-417b; Repertory 17, fos. 292, 298b, 307, 308.

1600.

Journal 20, pt. i, fos. 133b, 143b; Repertory 18, fo. 224b.

1601.

Journal 20, pt. i, fo. 156b.

1602.

Journal 20, pt. i, fo. 252; Id., pt. ii, fo. 280b.

1603.

Journal 20, pt. i, fos. 228b, 239.

1604.

Repertory 19, fo. 98.

1605.

Journal 20, pt. ii, fo. 371.

1606.

He was removed by order of Common Council, 13 Dec., pre diversis magnis rebus dictam civitatem et negotia ejusdem tangentibus.—Journal 20, pt. ii, fo. 376b.

1607.

Journal 20, pt. ii, fos. 388b, 389, 394-395b. The queen to the mayor, etc., of London, 12 March.—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1547-1580), p. 586.

1608.

Journal 20, pt. ii, fo. 409b.

1609.

-Id., fos. 404, 408b, 412.

1610.

Repertory 19, fo. 346b.

1611.

This conjecture is made from the fact of a precept having been issued on the 20th Jan. for certain persons to furnish themselves with velvet coats, chains and horses, and a suitable suite, to wait upon the lord mayor on the following Saturday.—Journal 20, pt. ii, fo. 404b.

1612.

Burgon's "Life of Gresham," ii, 451-452.

1613.

Journal 20, pt. ii, fos. 464, 480.

1614.

Continuation of Holinshed, iv, 315.

1615.

City Records known as "Remembrancia" (Printed Analytical Index), pp. 306, 330, 331, 350-352; Journal 20, pt. ii, fos. 373, 379, 407.

1616.

Remembrancia (Index), pp. 207, 331, 334; Journal 21, fo. 235b.

1617.

Remembrancia, vol. i, No. 331.

1618.

A reference to this defeat is to be found in the Dublin Assembly Roll under the year 1581.—"Cal. of Ancient Records of Dublin" (ed. by John T. Gilbert, 1891), ii, 155.

1619.

Bright, "Hist. of England," ii, 539.

1620.

Journal 21, fos. 19, 34, 52, 53, 69b-71b, 78b, etc.; Repertory 20, fos. 90, 117, 117b, 119b, etc.; Remembrancia (Analytical Index), pp. 230-236.

1621.

Journal 21, fo. 329b.

1622.

Among Chamber Accounts circa 1585 we find the following:—"Pd. the x of Dec. by order of Courte to Roger Warffeld Treasuror of Bridewell towards the conveyinge of all the Irishe begging people in and nere London to the Citie of Bristowe v1."—Chamber Accounts, Town Clerk's Office, vol. ii, fo. 17.

1623.

Repertory 16, fo. 350.

1624.

Repertory 18, fo. 167.

1625.

Journal 20, fo. 219b.

1626.

Journal 21, fo. 81b; Repertory 20, fo. 1b.

1627.

Journal 21, fo. 90.

1628.

-Id., fos. 114b, 135, 290, 322.

1629.

Remembrancia (Analytical Index), pp. 364, 365.

1630.

As early as 1554 students had been supported by the Corporation and the Companies at the Universities.—Repertory 13, fos. 144b, 148, 150b.

1631.

Rembrancia, i, 250, 256 (Analytical Index, pp. 365, 366). Another difference shortly occurred between the corporation and the Bishop of London in October of this year. A dispute arose between them as to who was responsible for keeping St. Paul's Cathedral in repair, each party endeavouring to throw the burden upon the other (Id., Analytical Index, pp. 323-327); and in the following March (1582) Bishop Aylmer found cause to complain by letter of unbecoming treatment by the mayor, both of the bishop and his clergy, and threatened, unless matters changed for the better, to admonish the mayor publicly at Paul's Cross, "where the lord mayor must sit, not as a judge to control, but as a scholar to learn, and the writer, not as John Aylmer to be thwarted, but as John London, to teach him and all London."—(Id., ibid., pp. 128-129).

1632.

Repertory 20, fo. 282.

1633.

Son of Richard Osborne, of Ashford, co. Kent. The story goes that he was apprenticed to Sir William Hewet, clothworker, and that he married his master's daughter, whom he had rescued from a watery grave in the Thames at London Bridge. His son, Sir Edward Osborne, was created a baronet by Charles I, and his grandson, Sir Thomas, made Duke of Leeds in 1692 by King William III.

1634.

Cal. State Papers Dom. (1581-1590), p. 157. The right of holding musters in Southwark was again questioned; and the claim of the city was upheld by Sir Francis Walsingham. For this he received the thanks of the lord mayor by letter dated 15 Feb.—Id., p. 159.

1635.

"A lettre from the quenes maty for ye mustringe of 4000 men, and also for the shewes on the evens of St. John Baptist and St. Peter thapostles."—Journal 21, fo. 421b.

1636.

Contin. of Holinshed, v, 599, 600.

1637.

Journal 21, fo. 388b.

1638.

Stow's Annals (ed. 1592), pp. 1198-1201.

1639.

Motley, "United Netherlands," i, pp. 318-324.

1640.

For particulars of his life see Remembrancia (Analytical Index), p. 284, note.

1641.

Journal 21, fo. 448b.

1642.

"Thaccompte of the saide chamberlyn for the transportacioun and necessary provision of MMCCCCXX soldiers into the lowe countryes of Flaunders."—Chamber Accounts, vol. ii, fos. 56-58b.

1643.

Motley, "United Netherlands," i, 340.

1644.

Chamber Accounts, ii, 134. The earl's honor of Denbigh, North Wales, was mortgaged to certain citizens of London, and not being redeemed, was afterwards purchased by the queen herself.—Repertory 22, fo. 287.

1645.

Repertory 21, fos. 308-311.

1646.

For many years after the passing of the Act (1 Edw. VI, c. 14) confiscating property devoted to "superstitious uses," the corporation and the livery companies were the objects of suspicion of holding "concealed lands," i.e. lands held charged for superstitious uses, which they had failed to divulge. The appointment of a royal commission to search for such lands was submitted to the law officers of the city for consideration, 9 Sept., 1567.—Repertory 16, fo. 276b. Vexatious proceedings continued to be taken under the Act until the year 1623, when a Statute was passed, entitled "An Act for the General Quiet of the Subjects against all Pretences of Concealment whatsoever."—Stat. 21, James I, c. ii.

1647.

Journal 22, fo. 1.

1648.

-Id., fos. 26, 29.

1649.

Journal 22, fo. 37b; Repertory 21, fo. 288b.

1650.

Journal 22, fos. 52-53. Both the queen's letter and Dalton's speech are printed in Stow's Continuation of Holinshed, iv, 902-904.

1651.

Journal 22, fos. 48, 57b, 58; Repertory 21, fo. 327.

1652.

Proclamation, dated Richmond, 4 Dec., 1586.—Journal 22, fo. 67b.

1653.

Royal Proclamation against engrossers of corn, 2 Jan., 1587.—Journal 22, fo. 74.

1654.

Journal 22, fo. 64.

1655.

Repertory 21, fo. 370b.

1656.

Journal 21, fo. 136b.

1657.

Motley, "United Netherlands," ii, 281.

1658.

Journal 22, fos. 144, 161b, 166-167b, 170b.

1659.

Journal 22, fo. 190.

1660.

Only 1,000 men out of the force raised by the city went to Tilbury, and the earl only consented to receive this small contingent on condition they brought their own provisions with them, so scantily was the camp supplied with victuals through the queen's parsimony.—Remembrancia (Analytical Index), p. 244. Letter from Leicester to Walsingham, 26 July.—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1581-1590), p. 513.

1661.

Leicester to Walsingham, 28 July, 1588.—State Papers Dom., vol. ccxiii, No. 55.

1662.

William of Malmesbury bears similar testimony to the courage of Londoners under good leadership: Laudandi prorsus viri et quos Mars ipse collata non sperneret hasta si ducem habuissent.—Gesta Regum (Rolls Series, No. 90), i, 208.

1663.

Repertory 22, fo. 148b.

1664.

A list of "the London shippes" (including pinnaces), dated 19 July, 1588, is preserved among the State Papers (Domestic) at the Public Record Office (vol. ccxii, No. 68), and is set out in the Appendix to this work. Two other lists, dated 24 July, giving the names of the ships (exclusive of pinnaces) are also preserved (State Papers Dom., vol. ccxiii, Nos. 15, 16). Each of these lists give the number of vessels supplied by the city against the Armada as sixteen ships and four pinnaces, or as twenty ships (inclusive of pinnaces). It is not clear what was the authority of Stow (Howes's Chron., p. 743) for stating that the city, having been requested to furnish fifteen ships of war and 5,000 men, asked for two days to deliberate, and then furnished thirty ships and 10,000 men. At the same time there does exist a list of "shipps set forth and payde upon ye charge of ye city of London, anno 1588" (that is to say, the ships furnished by the city for that whole year), and that list contains the names of thirty ships, with the number of men on board each vessel and the names of the commanders.—State Papers Dom., vol. ccxxxii, fos. 16, 16b.

1665.

Journal 22, fo. 173. The assessment was afterwards (19 April) settled at three shillings in the pound.—Id., fo. 175.

1666.

Journal 22, fos. 193, 200b.

1667.

Richard Tomson to Walsingham, 30 July, 1588.—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1581-1590), p. 517.

1668.

Hawkins to Walsingham, 31 July, 1588.—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1581-1590), p. 517.

1669.

Howard to the same, 21 July.—Id., p. 507.

1670.

Sir William Wynter to Walsingham, 1 Aug., 1588.—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1581-1590), p. 521.

1671.

Journal 22, fo. 196b.

1672.

-Id., fo. 196.

1673.

Tomson to Walsingham, 30 July, 1588.—State Papers Dom., vol. ccxiii, No. 67.

1674.

Repertory 21, fo. 578.

1675.

Journal 22, fo. 200b; Cal. State Papers Dom. (1581-1590), p. 510.

1676.

Journal 22, fo. 197.

1677.

-Id., fo. 199b.

1678.

Journal 22, fo. 200.

1679.

Nichols' "Progresses of Q. Elizabeth," ii, 537.

1680.

Journal 22, fos. 233, 235.

1681.

Nichols' "Progresses of Q. Elizabeth," ii, 538, 539.

1682.

On the 7th Feb., 1583, previously to setting out on his last ill-fated expedition, Gilbert addressed a letter to Walsingham from "his house in Redcross Street."—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1581-1590), p. 95.

1683.

See the will of Dame Margaret Hawkins, dated 23 April, 1619.—Cal. of Wills, Court of Hust., London, ii, 745. The will contains many bequests of articles which savour of Spanish loot.

1684.

Strype, Stow's "Survey" (1720), bk. ii, p. 44.

1685.

Journal 22, fo. 202b.

1686.

Journal 22, fo. 210; Repertory 21, fos. 590b, 593; Repertory 22, fos. 15, 26b, 27; Cal. State Papers Dom. (1581-1590), p. 471.

1687.

Journal 22, fo. 252; Repertory 22, fo. 16b.

1688.

Journal 22, fos. 227b, 278.

1689.

Burghley and others to the mayor, 26 July, 1589.—Journal 22, fo. 312.

1690.

-Id., fo. 316b.

1691.

Journal 22, fo. 345b; Journal 23, fo. 79.

1692.

Journal 22, fo. 314.

1693.

Journal 22, fo. 321b.

1694.

-Id., fo. 326.

1695.

-Id., fo. 321.

1696.

Journal 23, fos. 35, 38.

1697.

July 24, 1591.—Remembrancia. i, 599 (Analytical Index, p. 408).

1698.

Journal 23, fos. 31, 43b, 48b; Repertory 22, fo. 284b.

1699.

Journal 23, fos. 68, 68b; Cf. Cal. State Papers Dom. (1591-1594), p. 48, where the date of the letter is given as "May."

1700.

Journal 23, fos. 325b, 383b.

1701.

Journal 23, fos. 45-46b.

1702.

Journal 24, fo. 86.

1703.

Proclamation, dated 16 Sept., 1591.—Journal 23, fo. 47.

1704.

Journal 23, fo. 73.

1705.

-Id., fo. 71.

1706.

Proclamations, dated 8 Jan. and 26 Sept., 1592.—Journal 23, fos. 78b, 136.

1707.

The queen to the lord mayor, 6 Jan., 1592.—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1591-1594), p. 168. The same to the same, 25 Jan.—Journal 23, fo. 87.

1708.

Journal 23, fos. 157, 167, 174, 224b; Repertory 23, fo. 29.

1709.

It was in 1592 that bills of mortality, kept by the parish clerks, were for the first time published.

1710.

Journal 23, fo. 204b.

1711.

Journal 23, fo. 266.

1712.

-Id., fos. 400, 402.

1713.

-Id., fo. 153.

1714.

Journal 23, fo. 290b. The number was afterwards reduced to 350 men.—Id., fo. 296b; Remembrancia, ii, 3, 27, 30.

1715.

Journal 23, fo. 290.

1716.

-Id., fo. 289.

1717.

Journal 23, fo. 293. The names, tonnage and crews of the ships are thus given (Remembrancia, ii, 26):—The Assention, 400 tons, 100 mariners; The Consent, 350 tons, 100 mariners; The Susan Bonadventure, 300 tons, 70 mariners; The Cherubim, 300 tons, 70 mariners; The Minion, 180 tons, 50 mariners; and The Primrose, 180 tons, 50 mariners. Only one pinnace is mentioned, of 50 tons, with 20 mariners.

1718.

Journal 23, fo. 323b.

1719.

Chamberlain's Letters, temp., Eliz. (Camd. Soc., No. 79), p. 50. The writer was a son of Richard Chamberlain, a city alderman.

1720.

Alderman of Tower Ward; Sheriff 1584-5; Mayor 1597.

1721.

Repertory 24, fo. 410b.

1722.

Repertory 25, fo. 216b.

1723.

The letter is printed in extenso in Chambers' "Book of Days," i, 464, and in Goodman's "Court of James I," ii, 127.

1724.

Journal 24, fos. 79b, 81, 82, 82b.

1725.

-Id., fo. 85b.

1726.

Journal 24, fos. 105, 144.

1727.

-Id., fo. 84b.

1728.

Macaulay's "Essay on Lord Bacon."

1729.

Journal 24, fo. 145.

1730.

-Id., fos. 146b, 149.

1731.

Journal 24, fos. 110-111, 129b.; Repertory 23, fo. 594b.

1732.

Journal 24, fos. 124, 154b, 157b.

1733.

The queen to the mayor, 25 July; the lords of the council to the same, 26 July.—Journal 24, fo. 142.

1734.

Journal 24, fos. 173, 175.

1735.

The same dissatisfaction at the result of the Cadiz expedition so far as it affected the citizens of London was displayed in a previous letter from the mayor to the lords of the Privy Council (3 Nov.) in answer to a demand for 3,000 men and three ships to ride at Tilbury Hope and give notice of the approach of the Spanish fleet.—Remembrancia (Analytical Index), pp. 243, 244.

1736.

Repertory 24, fo. 60b.

1737.

Journal 24, fos. 210b-213b, 216, 217.

1738.

Journal 24, fos. 324b, 325, 329b; Repertory 24, fos. 268, 287, 306; Id. 25, fo. 4b. Elizabeth asked for £40,000, but only succeeded in getting half that sum.—Chamberlain's Letters, p. 15.

1739.

Journal 25, fos. 34, 47b, 48; Repertory 24, fo. 352b. In July, 1600, a deputation was appointed to wait upon the lords of the council touching the repayment of this loan.—Repertory 25, fo. 119b. It still remained unpaid in Feb., 1604.—Journal 26, fo. 163b. By the end of 1606 £20,000 had been paid off.—Remembrancia (Analytical Index), p. 188; Repertory 27, fo. 278. And by July, 1607, the whole was repaid.—Howes's Chron., p. 890.

1740.

Journal 25, fos. 74b, 75, 77b-78b, 81, 81b, 82b-84, etc.

1741.

Chamberlain's Letters, p. 59.

1742.

Journal 25, fo. 79b.

1743.

-Id., fos. 80, 80b.

1744.

Chamberlain's Letters, p. 59.

1745.

Chamberlain's Letters, p. 61; Journal 25, fos. 81, 84b.

1746.

Journal 25, fo. 238.

1747.

Journal 25. fo. 245; Letter Book BB, fo. 85. He was deprived of his aldermanry of the Ward of Farringdon Without and debarred from ever becoming alderman of any other ward "for causes sufficiently made known" to the Court of Aldermen.

1748.

Repertory 25, fos. 209b, 213.

1749.

Cal. State Papers Dom. (1598-1601), p. 546.

1750.

Secretary Cecil to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and others, 10 Feb., 1601.—Cal. State Papers Dom. (1598-1601), p. 547.

1751.

Proclamation, dated 9 Feb., 1601.—Journal 25, fo. 240b.

1752.

Repertory 25, fos. 213, 246.

1753.

Journal 25, fos. 242, 243, 243b.

1754.

Cal. State Papers Dom. (1601-1603), pp. 16, 26, 89, 90.

1755.

Journal 25, fos. 137, 161b, 166, 179, 189, 190, 218b, 223, 237, 237b, 262b-265b, 293, 295, 301, 302b, 313b, 315; Journal 26, fos. 16b-19.

1756.

Repertory 25, fo. 296b.

1757.

Repertory 24, fos. 343, 354; Repertory 25, fos. 165-175. The Steelyard was re-opened in 1606.—Journal 27, fo. 66.

1758.

Letter from Sir Christopher Hatton to the mayor, 27 Nov., 1583.—Remembrancia (Analytical Index), p. 407.

1759.

Journal 26, fo. 42.