APPENDIX.

A LIST, OR SUMMARY ACCOUNT, OF THE LATE CAPTAIN CLAPPERTON’S ARABIC PAPERS, TRANSLATED BY MR. A. V. SALAMÉ.

1. A geographical description of the course of the river Cówara, the road from Soccatoo to Maséna, from Timbuctoo to Soccatoo, and the countries thereabouts, with their inhabitants, produce, &c. &c. as delineated in the chart annexed.

2. An account of an expedition of discovery, made some years ago, by forty Christians, who had built a ship or vessel in the interior of Africa, and proceeded down the river Cówara.

3. A geographical account of the country, rivers, lakes, &c. from Bornou to Egypt, Nubia, Sennar, the Nile, its sources, &c. &c.

4. A traditional account of the people and country of Malí, &c. &c.

5. A traditional account of the origin of the Felan tribe, whom we have hitherto erroneously called “Fellatahs.”

6. A traditional account of the people and country of Bargho, &c. &c.

7. An Itinerary, or the road from Sérá to Nubia, Sennar, and Egypt.

8. A traditional account of the people and country of Nefí, &c. &c.

9. A traditional account of the people and country of Noofy, &c. &c.

No. I.

The following is a translation of the Arabic which was written on the original chart (as Clapperton calls it), and of which the annexed is a reduced copy, professing to describe the course of the Cówara river, the road from Soccatoo to Maséna, and from Timbuctoo, with the names and geographical description of the towns and countries adjoining.

A. “Representation of the city of Soccatoo, metropolis of the Prince of the Believers (Sultan Bello).”

B. “The island and town of Oodel or Goodel, together with the branch of the river which surrounds them.”

C. “The town of Boory, two days’ journey from Bagrá-foogal.”

D. “The town of Bagrá-foogal, one day’s journey from Ghagró.”

E. “The town of Ghagró, three days’ journey from Toondebí.”

F. “The town of Toondebí, one day’s journey from Sharif.”

G. “The town of Sharif, three days’ journey from Kasbi, or Kasb.”

H. “The town of Kasbi, two days’ journey from Seegho, or Sheeghó.”

I. “The town of Seegho, or Sheeghó, one day’s journey from Kabará.”

J. “The town of Kabará, half a day’s journey from Timbuctoo.”

K. “The city of Timbuctoo, ten days’ journey from Jéri.”

L. “Representation of the city of Timbuctoo.”

M. “The island and town of Jéri, together with the branch of the river that surrounds them. This island is in the middle of the territory of Maséna, or Masera, and between it and Sego is seven days’ journey.”

N. “This branch of the river is called, in the language of the Felan people, Bálió, and in Arabic the Black Sea or River. It extends from Jéri to Foota-Jaló.”

O. “This branch is called by the Felans Ranioo, and in Arabic the White Sea or River. It extends from Maséna to Sego, Foota-toroo, and to Darhoz (perhaps San Salvador), one of the towns of the French Christians.”

P. “The road from Soccatoo to Maséna, which is frequented in these days, across the river and the island of Oodel, with the names and description of the towns and countries that are on it, between the river and Maséna.

“On the west bank of the river the country of Biténkoobi lies. Its inhabitants are of the tribe of Felan; it abounds with mountains, rocks, plains, elephants, and buffaloes; and has along the bank of the river many white hills. Some of the people drink their water from the river, and others have shallow wells.

“Next to this, at one day’s journey through an inhabited country, the territory of Maázo-moudi lies, whose inhabitants are of the tribe of Tooroodi. It is a low mountainous country, and abounds with thorny trees and wells. Its prince is a tall and extremely strong man, and renowned for his courage and wars.”

Q. “Is the country of Yaghrá; between it and Maázo-moudi is about three days’ journey, through desert and stony plains, with a few trees and some mountains. In the midst of the plains, however, there is a well-known river, called Sirba. Yaghra is now possessed by a prince of the Felans, named Ibrahim (Abraham) Boonti. It contains woods, small mountains, and a well-known deep river, called Yalí, from which the people get their water.”

R. “Is the country of Lebtakó; between it and Yaghrá is two days’ journey, through woody plains and low ground. Its inhabitants are Felans, and its prince is named Saléh. They are a great warlike people, possessing fine swift horses and many cattle. They subsist upon the corn called dokhun (millet); and their country is hilly and sandy, and has a large lake, called Dúry.”

S. “Is the country of Jelghooji; between it and Lebtakó is two days’ journey, one of which is through villages, and the other through desert plains, in the midst of which there is a large lake, called Bookma. The king of this country is named Hamarkoli, and the people are Felans, and well known as great warriors. They possess abundance of swift horses, oxen, and other cattle. The country is mountainous, woody, and has a well-known lake, called Jeboo, besides a great many wells.”

T. “Is the territory of Hajrí, one day’s journey from Jelghooji. It is extensive, but very rocky, stony, and mountainous; has a great many sandy hills and a few vales; water in it is very scarce, and it has but few wells, so much so, that its inhabitants are obliged to store their water, during the rainy season, within the trunks of trees. The inhabitants of the vales are the Felans, who originally conquered these countries; but the mountains are inhabited by a people called Benoo-Hami (the children of Ham), of the tribe of Sokai. They are great warriors, subsist upon the dokhun, and have abundance of swift horses and oxen. In the middle of this country there is a very great and lofty mountain, equal to which is not known in those parts, and here is its representation. [See ◬ in the chart.] Upon it there is a town called Oonbori, whose king is named Noohoo-ghaloo-farma, of the tribe of Sokai, and is renowned for his generosity and munificence.

“All these countries, except Oonbori, are subject to our Lord the Prince of the Believers, Mohammed Bello, whom may God cause to be ever victorious, for the glory of the faithful, and the annihilation of the infidels.”

U. “Is the territory of Maséna, seven days’ journey from Hajrí: it is very extensive, fertile, and abounds with rivers and lakes. Its villages join both the old and modern ones of the Felans. Its inhabitants are powerful warriors, since ancient times possessing abundance of oxen and sheep, and are blessed with every comfort of food and living; most of them subsist upon rice, butter, fish, and meat. In the middle of the country there are two lofty mountains, called Soroba and Goran, and its cattle feed, throughout the four seasons of the year, upon grass; and as the lands are almost continually covered with water, the shepherds and herdsmen gather the grass, heap it up in large stacks, and, while the cattle are grazing, live upon the tops thereof till the waters are dried up. Though this may appear marvellous, it is the fact with these people.”

Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4. “Are four rivers (perhaps canals) belonging to Maséna.”

“The present Sultan of Maséna is Ahmad Hamad Labo, who rules over Timbuctoo, Jeri, and Oonbori, and indeed he may be called the sovereign of the Gharb (West) in Soodan. He is now at war with Sego.

“From Soccatoo to Benji is one day’s journey through Sisilbi, which is the metropolis of Ghalooji. This country is level and fertile, and contains rivers, woods, gardens, and wells. On the east side of it there are two rocky, rugged mountains; on the right there is a river, and on the left there are plains and barren deserts. In the environs of the capital of Benji there are, however, several villages or towns belonging to the Mohammedans. Between the territory of Benji and that of Mouri is three days’ and nights’ journey, through barren and sandy deserts. Mouri contains small mountains, woods, and has two roads on the left; on one of which there is a deep stream, and on the other are two lakes, surrounded with flowering and fruitful trees. This country originally belonged to the Sultan of Kabi, and its inhabitants are infidels. Its present sultan is named Ghagara, and has a city for his residence named Lukoo-you, which has a great lake near it. The chief towns of this country are Dogordoosi, Myzani, Toonsubi, and Tabada. There are many smaller ones, which need not be mentioned for brevity’s sake. The lands are mostly stony, sandy, and hilly. There are a great many deep wells, well supplied with water; but the country altogether has but few trees, though it abounds with reptiles.

“Next to it, at two days’ journey through dry deserts, with one track of road only, though woody and hilly, the country of Emanoo lies, the first town of which is Bakendoosi, which is of a moderate size; and has, on the east, a lake surrounded with trees; and, on the west, a well-known great and very tall tree. Between this town and the metropolis of the sultan, whose name is Aghmarak, is half a day’s journey. Emanoo is part of the countries of the Tuaricks, and contains lakes, wells, mountains, hills, and sands. Its people live upon the dokhun, and possess a great many cattle.

“Next to this, at one day’s journey, is the territory of Taghzar, which also belongs to the Tuaricks, and contains hills, wells, and natron lakes, which is called in our language káwa, or salt. East and west of this country there are mountains well stocked with cattle. The people are the worst and most ill-disposed of the tribes of Tuarick; and their chief living is peas and dokhun. Their sultan is named Hama-ráwadó, and also Hama-zanzamá, which means in our language Dog.

“On the right of this country the territory of Jerma lies; it is a narrow vale, between high hills and hillocks of sand; and on the east it has a lofty mountain; it contains natron and other deep lakes. It is inhabited by the tribe of Benoo-Hami, who are great warriors, possessing swift and well-trained horses, and their spears are extremely long and well-ironed with sharp blades. They are ill-disposed people, and have no lawful sultan, but their chief is one chosen out of the tribe. They subsist mostly upon dokhun, and their country abuts on the great sea or river Cówara.

“On the left of the before-mentioned country (Taghzar) that of Azwa lies, which is inhabited both by the Tuarick and by Benoo-Hami. It contains plains, vales, mountains, hills, and sands; and has deep streams. They possess abundance of cattle, and most of their living is the dokhun.

“Between Taghzar and the river Cówara is three days’ journey, through a barren desert, without any human being in it, inhabited only by wild beasts; and it has a long and deep stream running through sandy hills. From this stream the people of Taghzar provide themselves with water when they go to the chase of the giraffe in the winter season. The distance between their town and this stream is half a day’s journey, through some woody plains, a few small mountains, and sandy hills. On the road, however, there is a small lake, surrounded with shrubs and trees, in which water is found only in the autumn.

“Near the river there are a great many white hills, without any trees upon them; but on the banks there are very large tall trees of tamarinds, under the shade of which travellers rest themselves.

W. “Now the great river Cówara comes, and here is its representation. This great river is the largest in all the territories of Houssa; we know not of its source, nor of any one who has seen it. It rushes and precipitates itself through the country from left to right, and contains many islands inhabited by fishermen, herdsmen, husbandmen, and settlers. As to the variety of its animals, birds, and fish, it is only known to the Lord Creator; it has rocks and mountains, which break and shatter to pieces all vessels that are driven against them; and its great roaring and noise, with the agitation of its waves, astonish the hearer and terrify the beholder; and, at the same time, exhibit the wonderful power of the Omnipotent Creator.

X. “Is an undescribed branch of the river.

Y. “The writing of this copy ended on Thursday afternoon, the 5th of Rajab, 1242, of Hegira—(January 31, 1827, A.D.), in the city of Soccatoo, residence of the Prince of the Faithful Sultan Mohammed Bello, by his special command to me, Mohammed, son of Ahmad Masané—(i.e. native of Maséna)—for Abdálláh the English Christian.”

A. V. SALAMÉ.

No. II. Translation of the Account of the “Expedition of Forty Christians,” &c. &c.

“In past years a company of Christians came from the side of Darwadar[2], a town belonging to the Christians, following the river to Foota-tooro, and from thence they proceeded to Ségo. They were forty men, and, on their arrival, the Sultan of Ségo received them hospitably, gave them presents, and lodged them in one of his towns called Sansaní (Sansanding of Park). They then acquainted him that they wished to build a ship; to do which he gave them leave. During their residence there, and the building of the ship, most of them died, and by the time the ship was finished, five only were alive. These five men embarked on board the vessel, and proceeded eastwards till they arrived at Jeris, where they resided as long as God was pleased. They thence went on to Maséna, following the river till they came to one of our towns called Seebi[3], between Jeri and Timbuctoo, that they might cross the way of the river[4]. They sojourned there with the prince, who was one of the sons of the Sultan of Timbuctoo, and whose name was Babal-kydiali. He entertained them, and gave them leave to proceed to Timbuctoo. They continued their voyage till they arrived in safety, five as they were, at the city of Timbuctoo, where they resided as long as God was pleased. Thence they went on towards the country of Sóghy till they came to one of its towns called Gharwal-gáoo. There the Tuaricks met, and fought them severely till three were killed, and two only of them escaped with the vessel.

“They proceeded towards the east till they arrived at Boussa; but the inhabitants fought and killed them, and their ship is to this moment there. This is the substance and the truth of the case.”

Observation.—From the melancholy termination of this adventure, and the place where the boat now exists, no one can doubt that this account relates to Mungo Park and his party; and that it is the most authentic and circumstantial that can be had. As to their number being “forty Christians,” it is easily accounted for, when we know that those people call any one who might be in the service of an European “a Christian.” So that it is not improbable that all those who were employed by Mungo Park were considered “Christians,” and thus formed the number of forty.

A. V. S.

No. III. A Geographical Account of the Country, Rivers, Lakes, &c. from Bornou to Egypt, &c.

“The territory of Bornou is very extensive, and contains mountains, sands, and lakes: it has also two well known cities; one is called Sira, the other Kataghoon, whose prince is named Dankawa. To the name of Bornou that of Ghoodri is sometimes added.

“At twenty days’ journey from Bornou the territory of Adamawá lies, which is mountainous, and contains vales, hills, and rivers. Two-thirds of its inhabitants are infidels, and one-third Felan Mahomedans. The metropolis of their sultan is called Ghórin. They possess plenty of horses and oxen, and subsist upon the dura (Indian corn). To the name of Adamawá the word Foobina is often added.

“Next to Adamawá, at two days’ journey through a mountainous desert abounding with rivers, the country of Lúghwí (Loggun of Denham) lies; it contains a great many rivers, lakes, forests, and trees. Its inhabitants are Soodan Mahomedans; but the desert between it and Adamawá is infested with infidel robbers, who ride their horses without saddles, fight most desperately, often interrupt traffic on the road, and kill any one who falls into their hands.

“From Lúghwí to the territory of Baghármy, which comes next to it, is two days’ journey through a desert containing a great and extensive fresh-water sea, called Asoor or Ashoo[5]. This country is hilly, sandy, and has small mountains; its width is a distance of ten days, and its length is much more. Its inhabitants are Soodan, Kahlans, and Arabs, who are robbers, and a treacherous set of people. Their sultan, whose name is Borkoomada, is as cruel as themselves, and even slays sheiks and Mahomedans. They possess abundance of horses and oxen, get their water from wells, and subsist upon the dokhun.

“Next to Baghármy the country of Roogá lies, which is stony, abounding with rivers, and inhabited by infidels.

“At three days’ journey through places inhabited by Arabs is the territory of Wadaí; it is very extensive, hilly, sandy, mountainous, and contains vales, lakes, and deep wells. Its sultan is named Yousuf, and his capital, which is situated under high mountains, is called Hoowara[6]; the inhabitants are a mixture of Arabs and Persians; they are renowned for courage in war, swift horses, and the abundance of their camels, oxen, and sheep. They have a great many market places or towns, and their living is the dokhun and dura.

“Next to Wadaí the country of Foor (Dar-foor) lies, at two days’ journey through mountains and woody deserts, in the midst of which there is a vale containing dom trees. The territory of Foor is very extensive, hilly, sandy, and droughty, so much so, that, notwithstanding the great many deep wells they have, the people are obliged to preserve their water within the trunks of trees. They are a mixture of Felans, Arabs, and Kahlans; they possess plenty of swift horses, camels, oxen, and sheep; they have all sorts of warlike weapons, as shields, spears, armour, and so forth[7], and are great warriors. Their sultan is named Mohammed Fadlú, who is a genteel, handsome, black man, and renowned for his munificence and generosity. His capital is called Nantalti, through which a river runs during the rainy season; but in winter the people are obliged to dig wells in the bed of that river for water. They live upon the dokhun and dura, and have some date gardens.

“At ten days’ journey from Foor, through a mountainous, hilly, sandy, and droughty desert, is the country of the Kordofal, which extends seven days in length, and is inhabited by Arabs and Kahlans; it is however possessed now by the Turks[8]. It is very fertile, and has small mountains, hills, and sands; as also it contains fine horses, and plenty of cattle and asses. The capital of its sultan is called Loobi, and the living of the people is the dokhun.

“Next to Kordofal is Sonnar, which is a very extensive and fertile country; and its inhabitants, who are Arabs, are blessed with every sort of comfort by being able to cultivate the lands at all seasons of the year. This fertility is owing to the situation of the country being between two branches of the Nile; one of which, it is said, runs from the eastward, and the other, which is called the White river, runs from the westward; so that Sonnar is an island between the two rivers. It is, however, now in possession of the Turks[9]. It is a very cheap country, and its inhabitants possess plenty of oxen and asses, and subsist upon the dokhun.

“The White river becomes very full of water during the rainy season, which brings with it, from the Blue river, the animal called Anghorotú[10]; but during the summer it becomes so shallow as to be waded, the water not reaching above the thighs of people.

“Between Sonnar and Sawaken, which is on the Salt Sea coast (the Red Sea), is a distance of forty days.”

A. S.

FOOTNOTES:

Nos. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. and IX. Traditional Account of different Nations of Africa, &c.

4. “The territory of Malee is extensive, contains a gold mine, and is inhabited by Soodans, whose origin is said to be from the remnants of the Copts. Among its inhabitants are also Towroods, Felans, Arabs, Jews, and Christians. These last are subject to two Christian sovereigns, who send their ships to the harbour of this place; and it is said that this country was formerly possessed by a people called Sarankali, who, it is presumed, were Persians.

“The kingdom of Malee is an ancient and flourishing country, and comprises two other provinces: one is Banbara, which contains rivers, woods, sands, a gold mine, and is occupied by the Soodan, who are still infidels, and possess great power; the other, on the west of it, is Foota, which is inhabited by the Towrood, and the Sarankali, or Persians. The Towrood people, it is said, were originally Jews, others say Christians; that they came from the land between the two rivers, the Nile[11] and the Euphrates, and established themselves next to the Jews who inhabited the island; and that whenever they oppressed or encroached upon the Jews, the latter had always recourse to the protection of the officers of the Sehabat (the immediate friends or companions of Mohammed), who then ruled over them; that they (the Jews) used to say to them: ‘We came to live in these islands to wait the coming of a prophet (after whom there will be no other); after whose coming and death a relation of his, named Aboo-Bakr, will succeed him; and Aboo-Bakr’s successor will be Amroo, whose troops will come upon the surface of this water (by which they meant Termes), protect us against you, and enable us to conquer your country[12].’

“This is what we found written in our books.”

N. B.—The above account, with the exception of the latter part, and a few small variations, has been already given to us in Sultan Bello’s Geographical Account. (See Appendix, p. 166, First Journey.)

A. S.

5. “The origin of the Felan tribe is stated to be as follows: When the army of the Sehabat, during the reign of Omar Ben El-khattab, penetrated into the Gharb, they arrived first at Termes; the Towrood people having seen them, went immediately under their protection, and became Mooslemeens, before the Jews who were waiting for them[13]; in consequence of which they were enabled to fight and subdue the Jews and Sarankali (Persians). When the Sehabat wished their troops to retire from the Gharb, the prince of the Towrood said to them: ‘You came to us with a faith of which we were ignorant, and you are now going away without leaving any one to instruct us in it and its laws.’ The Sehabat, hearing this appeal, left behind them, for their instruction, Okbat Ben Aamer. He married a daughter of the prince, named Gajmáa, and begot by her four sons, Dytá, Náser, Wáyá, and Rerebi. He afterwards returned to Egypt, and left his four sons behind with their mother. They grew up, and spoke a different language from that of their father, which was the Arabic, as well as from that of their mother, which was the old Towrood, called Wakoori. They married, and had sons and daughters, from whom the Felans descended; so that the father of the Felans was an Arabian, and their mother a Towrood.

“This we found recorded in our books[14].”

6 “The country of Barghoo is situated on the right side of the river; it is woody and sandy, and inhabited by tribes of the Soodan, who, it is said, are descended from the slaves of the Felans, who were left behind when their masters crossed the river; and thus they peopled those countries. They are insubordinate and stubborn, as also very powerful in magic; and it is recorded that, when the equitable Prince Hadgi Mohamed Allah-kaja ruled over this province, he could gain no advantage over them.

“Next to Barghoo, the province of Ghoorma lies; it is extensive, mountainous, woody, sandy, and has various rivers. Its sultan is named Boojujú, and the inhabitants are almost of the same description as those of Barghoo, robbers, and depraved.

“On the west of Ghoorma, the country of Mooshier, or Mooshee, is situated. It is extensive, and contains a gold mine, rivers, woods, and mountains. It is inhabited by tribes of the Soodan, who possess plenty of swift horses, very tall asses, and are very powerful in war. Their sultan is named Wagadoogo, and their asses are imported to Ghoonja to carry the drums of the army.

“On the right of Mooshér the territory of Asantí lies, which is very extensive.”

N. B.—The above account, with the exception of a few small variations, has also been given to us in Sultan Bello’s geographical account. (See Appendix, p. 165-6, First Journey.)

7. Itinerary.

“From Sira to Boogho is a distance of twenty days; thence to Mooshkoom-Foosh, to Sary, to Sarwa, to Indam or Indag, to Warshá, to Booshrá, to the mountain called Kaghoom, to Mount Kinghá, to Mount Dooziyat, to Mount Aboo-Talfan, to Mount Aboo-Zarafat; then to Rooga, to Dygo, to Kájá, to Katoonú; then to the mountain of Nubia, to the gold mine called Tagly, which has no less than ninety-nine mountains, the name of each of which begins with F; but three only of these mountains are known, whose names are as follow: Fazooglú, Fafaklú, and Foondooflú. In two days from this place, you will get to the Nile of Sonnar; but from Tagly to Egypt, or Cairo, which lies northward on the left side of it, is a journey of forty days, travelling continually by the bank of the Nile; while from Tagly to Sawaken, which is on the sea coast (the Red Sea), is a distance of thirty days only.”

N. B.—This is the last of the seven papers which, it appears, were written in Captain Clapperton’s memorandum book, by order of Sultan Bello, and are dated “the 5th of Sháában, 1242, A.H.;” about the 3d of March, 1827, A. D.

A. V. S.

8. “The people of Nefé came originally from Kashná, and their prince, Thoodyar, from Atághér. He first conquered the territory of Beni, from the river called Bakoo to that which is named Kaduná; then the territories of Booduor Boodi, and of Bassa or Boosa. He thence embarked on the river Kowárá, and subdued the people on its bank, called Abágha; after which he conquered the country of Abbi (in which we now are[15]), and that of Kanbari, in conjunction with the Prince of Yaouri. The river of these countries is called Kantagoora. From Yaouri he proceeded to the great mountain, or mountains, where Nefé, Beni, and Fatti-attu are: he then went to the river Katha, or Kasha, and conquered the countries thereabouts; which are, Ghoor-noofu, Koográ, Jemma, Doonfee, Taboo, and Aza, or Azai. This prince was succeeded by Ithshab, whose successor was Ithkootoo; and the whole number of princes who ruled over this kingdom were thirteen. The rest of the eastern parts, as far as Katáná, are in possession of a prince named Bakoo.

“About the right of Atághér the country called Nafry lies, by the side of a river larger than that of Kowárá.

“The people of Beni are now extremely poor. They are submissive to their princes, till and cultivate the lands of others, and pay capitation tax. Sheep, goats, oxen, horses, and fowls, are scarce in their country; and as to asses, there are none, except what are imported from other countries. They have, however, plenty of elephants.

“The river in the territory of Kowárá lies west, on the right hand side; and that of Kaduná is in the centre; while the river Bakoo, or Gakoo, is in the east.”

9. “The tribes who inhabit Noofee, it is said, were originally from Beni; others say from Takra; and some assert that they came from the middle of the river, perhaps an island. Their first town was Jemma; but afterwards they inhabited Kafath or Kifath, Ayaki, Karkena, and the eastern Kowárá, by a river called Matny. They had also Kasoo or Kashoo, Zeer, the west of Malee or Moulee, Abyou, and Wádá.

“The river of Kowárá runs through mountains, and a great many woods and forests; and has mountains on the north and the east. This great river issues from the Mountain of the Moon; and what we know of it is, that it comes from Sookan to Kiya, to Kabi, to Yaouri, to Boossa, to Wá-wá, and to Noofee; but in that place there is another river which springs from Zirmá, to Ghoober, to Zeffra, to Kory or Koora, and then enters Noofee; its name is Kaduna. On the north of it Kanbari lies; on the east is Kory; on the south are Cankan and Kafath; and on the west is Bassoa, or Bashwa. About the centre of it is the kingdom of Noofee, with that of Abyou.

“Noofee was once subject to the Felans; but when Edrees, a prince of the Felans, ruled over it, and committed so many excesses as even to violate its virgins, the people rose up against him, sword in hand, and freed themselves; and thus they are now at war with the Felans. Amongst them there are Mahomedans; but the greater part are infidels, without either religion or law: they are drunkards and oppressors; they neither pray, nor worship any god. They walk with you during an hour as friends, while in the next they do not hesitate to kill you. When one of them dies, they fasten the arms across the chest, place the body in a sitting position in the grave, and one of them lies by it, while another sits at the entrance. They have a large and extensive cavern, in which they place their dead; but those who guard this cavern, though they are something like priests, are the most depraved persons. They sometimes send messengers to call the relatives of the dead, enjoining them to bring with them the best of every thing they have; and when these innocent people arrive at the cavern, they are immediately plundered of what they take there; and if they be females, their chastity is violated.

“This is the life and habits of these infidel Pagans; and consequently the roads about Noofee are very dangerous and perilous.

“When their king dies, they enter his house, and live in it.”

N. B.—It is proper here to observe, that the above two papers, Nos. 8 and 9, are written, or rather scrawled out, unorthographically and ungrammatically, and their composition is no more than a sort of incoherent jargon. The translation, therefore, I have given of them is mostly made out by conjecture. There is no doubt, however, that Clapperton, who made some residence among these people, has given some further account of them.

A. S.

FOOTNOTES:

A VOCABULARY OF THE YOURRIBA TONGUE.

Fowl, Ade′a

Goat, Aoor′ey

Sheep, Agon′ta

Pig, Ale′day

Salt, Ee′yo

Corn, Agbad′doo

Millet, Ok′kablebba

Grass, Co′co

Beads, Le′key

Gold, Sic′ca

Coral, In′yoh

Silver, Patak′ka

Cloth, Atchio

Man, Okon′a

Woman, Obin′a

King, Ob′bah

Horse, Ep′pee

Saddle, Gar′ree

Bridle, Ja′noo

Pepper, Att′ah

Shallots, Allabous′sa

Yams, Ish′oo

Plantains, Ayid′dey

Fire, Jun′ah

Water, Om′mee

Wood, Ig′gie

A pot, Coc′co

A calabash, E′bah

Duck, Pap′ayeh

Soup, Ob′eh

House, Ill′eh

Mug, Tank′ara

Plate, A′wo

Knife, O′beh

Head, Or′ree

Eyes, Oj′oo

Nose, Em′oo

Mouth, En′oo

Teeth, E′hee

Ears, Eff′ee

Chin, Ebb′ee

Neck, Enaff′oo

Shoulders, Edgeookah

Arm, Epk′wa

Elbow, Ebah′wa

Wrist, Onawa′wa

Hand, A′wa

Thumb, Atang′pako

Fingers, Ama′wa

The body, Agwid′demoo′gu

Belly, Inn′oh

Thigh, E′tah

Knee, Okk′oo

Leg, Ajoo′goo

Ankle, Coco′sey

Foot, Atalis′sey

Toes, Amalis′sa

Boots, Sa′labattoo

Sandals, Battoo

Fan, Abab′bey

Cow, Mall′oo

Dog, Aj′ah

Cub, Aloghin′ne

Mouse, Acoo′fu

Tiger, Ek′ka

Hyena, Eco′co

Vulture, Awood′ec

Jacket, Kook′oomah

Trousers, Shock′ootoo

Turkey, Fu′lutu′loo

Elephant, Gen′acoo

Hippopotamus, En′emy

Cotton wool, O′woo

Palm oil, Ep′eh

Cocoa-nut, Ay′ba

Tornado, Oj′uma′ri

A mule, Barak′ka

A jackass, Kettékettéh

A mat, Enn′ee

A bag, Ok′key

A gun, E′bah

A cutlass, Jom′ma

Silk, Ce′dah

Damask Ala′ri

Scarlet cloth, Doh′do

Blue ditto, Iss′ado′doh

Green ditto, Alar′ooya′goo

Yellow ditto,

Tree, E′wajass′kway

Sun, O′noo

Moon, Ajoo′pa

Star, Era′wo

God, Ala′noo

Thunder, Ar′oo

Lightning, Mannumanu

Rain, Odigoo

Wind, Avoo′voo

Cap, Fill′ah

Hat, Atte′ Ebo

Hair, Olloo

Beard, Eg′bee

Skin, All′ah

Nail, Eff′eh

One, Ok′ka

Two, Ma′jee

Three, Mai′ta

Four, Me′ne

Five, Mall′oo

Six, Mai′ffa mai′fa

Seven, Ma′gee

Eight, Ma′jo

Nine, Mai′ssu

Ten, May′wah

Twenty, Ok′ko

Thirty, Agboug

Forty, Ogojee

Fifty, Adett′a

Sixty, Ogotta

Seventy, Ado′nee

Eighty, Ogonee

Ninety, Ado′noo

One hundred, Ogo′noo

Two hundred, Egbe′o

Three ditto, Oa′doo

Four ditto, In′ee

Five ditto, Edag′bett′a

Six ditto, Eg′bett′a

Seven ditto, Edag′be′ne

Eight ditto, Eg′be′ne

Nine ditto, Edegba′noo

One thousand Eggba′noo

Two ditto Ebah

Three ditto Egba′dagoo

Four ditto Egbagie

Five ditto Egbe′dogmoo

Six ditto Egbaa′ta

Seven ditto Edegbaa′nee

Eight ditto, Egba′nee

Nine ditto, Edegbaa′noo

Ten ditto, Ebaa′noo

FELLATAH.

One, Go

Two, Diddie

Three, Tattie

Four, Ni

Five, Jowie

Six, Jowego

Seven, Jowaddie

Eight, Jowatittie

Nine, Jowanie

Ten, Sapo

Eleven, Sapoago

Twelve, Sapodiddie

Thirteen, Sapoatittie

Fourteen, Sapoani

Fifteen, Sapoaji

Sixteen, Sapoajego

Seventeen, Sapoajaddide

Eighteen, Sapoajatittie

Nineteen, Sapoajanie

Twenty, Nogi

Twenty-one, Nogiago

Twenty-two, Nogiadiddie

Twenty-three, Nogiatittie

Twenty-four, Nogiani

Twenty-five, Nogiajowie

Twenty-six, Nogiajego

Twenty-seven, Nogiajadidde

Twenty-eight, Nogiajattitie

Twenty-nine, Nogiajanie

Thirty, Shapandatittie

Thirty-one, -------------- ago

Forty, Dabi

Fifty, Dabisapo

Sixty, Chapandijago

Seventy, Chapandajadidie

Eighty, Chapandagatittee

Ninety, Chapandajani

One hundred, Hemri

One hundred and one, Hemrigo

One hundred and two, Hemrididdie

One hundred and three, Hemritittie

One hundred and four, Hemrini

One hundred and five, Hemrijoie

Two hundred, Kamididdie

Three ditto, Kamitittie

Four ditto, Kamini

Five ditto, Kamijoie

One thousand, Koojuna

Two ditto, Koojunadiddie

Twenty ditto, Koojunaginogi

What is this? Konindadoom

Man, Gorko

Men, Worbaa

Woman, Debo

Women, Reuba

Boy, Beedo

Boys, Beepba

Girl, Surba

Girls, Surbaba

Horse, Putcha

Horses, Putche

Cow, Cows, Nagea.

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE.

Date. Hours. Fah^t. Bar.

1825. Badagry.

Dec. 2 6 A.M. 80°. 29°.813 Calm and hazy.

Noon. 91 .705 South-west winds.

3 P.M. 91½ .653

3 6 A.M. 78 .912 Cloudy and calm.

Noon. 92 .631 South, fine breezes.

3 P.M. 91 .515

4 6 A.M. 77 .854 Calm.

Noon. 90 .568 South, fine breeze.

3 P.M. 90 .532 Moderate.

5 6 A.M. 79 .786 Thin showers.

Noon. 89 .623 South-east, fine breezes.

3 P.M. 86 .578 Cloudy, thick weather.

6 6 A.M. 76 .829 ⎱ ⎰ Thin rain, light breezes, and cloudy.

Noon. 90 .524

1826. Chiado.

Jan. 10 3 P.M. 89 28.700 Hazy.

6 85 .700 South south-west light air.

11 6 A.M. 75 .750 Calm and clear.

9 82 .750 Same.

Noon. 90 .695 Light airs.

3 P.M. 94 .675 Ditto and clear.

5 90 .675

Koosoo.

14 6 P.M. 89 .800 Calm.

15 6 A.M. 75 Strong breezes, east by north Harmattan.

Noon. 89

3 P.M. 90 .709

Atepa.

20 1 P.M. 91 .696 ⎫ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎭ North north-east strong Harmattan.

2 91

3 93 .646

4 92

5 84

Katunga or Eyeo.

25 6 A.M. 83 28.640 North north-west, clear.

Noon. 89½ .580 Strong breeze, fine, north-east.

3 P.M. 90 .549 East.

26 6 A.M. 70 Clear, light breezes, and cool.

9 83 .587 Fresh breezes, north north-east.

Noon. 89 .524 Light ditto.

3 P.M. 90 .519 Mild ditto.

27 Noon. 81 .552 Tube broke.

Feb. 3 6 A.M. 74 .560 Dull and hazy.

9 82 .516

Noon. 88 .606

4 6 A.M. 79 .510

9 89 .510

Noon. 89 .458

3 P.M. 77 .458 Thunder storm.

5 6 A.M. 77 .510 Cloudy, and strong breeze.

6 6 77 .458 Fresh breeze and clear.

9 89 .558

Noon. 91 .500 Moderate breezes.

3 P.M. 91½ .488 Calm and clear.

7 6 A.M. 78 .500 Fresh breeze during the night.

9 88 .555 Moderate, north-east.

Noon. 94 .517 Calm.

3 P.M. 91 .480 Light airs.

8 6 A.M. 75 .552 Light airs and hazy.

9 84 .611 Ditto and flying clouds.

Noon. 89 .568 Mild, east-north-east.

3 P.M. 90 .484

9 6 A.M. 72 .497 Fresh breeze, clear and cool, south-west.

9 87 .521 West-north-west.

Noon. 91 Light airs.

3 P.M. 89 .449 Calm.

10 6 A.M. 76 .524 Moderate and clear.

9 82 .568 West-north-west, flying clouds.

Noon. 92 .515 Light airs, east-north-east.

3 P.M. 88 .475

11 6 A.M. 75 .535 Light breezes and clear.

9 85 .543

Noon. 90 .472

3 P.M. 93 .455 Calm.

12 6 A.M. 76 .506 Fresh breezes, north-west.

9 86 .544 Light airs.

Noon. 92 .509 Squally, north-east.

3 P.M. 94 .420 Fresh breeze.

13 6 A.M. 78 .472 Strong breeze and cloudy.

9 86 .540 Moderate and cloudy, north-east.

Noon. 97 .475 Light airs and clear.

3 P.M. 94 .435 Ditto and cloudy.

14 6 A.M. 80 .505 Strong breeze and cloudy.

9 84 .550 Moderate breeze.

Noon. 91 .504 Light airs.

3 P.M. 94½ .440 ⎱ ⎰ Cloudy—midnight, fresh breeze and cloudy.

15 6 A.M. 75 .537

9 84 .591 Clear and moderate.

Noon. 91 .539

3 P.M. 91½ .420

16 6 A.M. 80 .590 ⎱ ⎰ Harmattan from north-east all day.

3 P.M. 91 .537

17 6 A.M. 74 .612 Strong ditto from north-east.

9 83 .696

Noon. 89 .628

3 P.M. 89¾ .568

18 6 A.M. 75 .600 Harmattan from north-east.

9 84 .708

Noon. 89 .635

3 P.M. 92 .515 ⎫ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎭ Strong Harmattan from north-east, with thick fog.

19 6 A.M. 70 .500

Noon. 84 .534

3 P.M. 88 .426

20 6 A.M. 70 .510

9 82 .580 ⎫ ⎬ ⎭ Harmattan continued.

Noon. 88 .530

3 P.M. 88 .475

21 6 A.M. 70 .568 ⎫ ⎬ ⎭ The same.

Noon. 80 .602

3 P.M. 89 .572

22 6 A.M. 70 .520 ⎫ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎭ The same.

9 80 .580

Noon. 85 .534

3 P.M. 86 .460

23 6 A.M. 70 .535 ⎫ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎭ The same.

9 79 .552

Noon. 84 .520

3 P.M. 86 .482

24 6 A.M. 69 .545 ⎫ ⎬ ⎭ The same.

9 78 .571

Noon. 88 .500

25 6 A.M. 72 .442 ⎫ ⎪ ⎬ ⎪ ⎭ The same.

9 80 .571

Noon. 88 .510

3 P.M. 89 .430

AT VARIOUS PLACES ON THE ROUTE.

Week, Mo. Days. Time of observation. Therm. Fah^t. Barometer. REMARKS, &c.

1826.

March 14 Noon. 94° 28°.420 ⎰ ⎱ City of Kiama in Borgoo. Fresh breezes and clear, wind north-east.

3 P.M. 94 .529

6 91

6 A.M. 78 .580 Fresh breezes, wind east-north-east.

9 88 .634 Fresh breezes, with light flying clouds.

15 Noon. 91 .604 The same.

3 P.M. 94 .510

6 91 .548 Calm and cloudy.

6 A.M. 74 .586 Calm, with light clouds.

9 85 .651 Light breezes from the east-north-east.

16 Noon. 91 .610 The same, with light flying clouds.

3 P.M. 93 .550 The same.

6 91 .540 The same.

6 A.M. 74 .595 Light airs and clear, wind-north-east.

9 82 .696 Freshening breezes, with a slight haze, wind north-east.

17 Noon. 89 .625 Moderate and hazy.

3 P.M. 91 .575 Hazy and sultry, with little wind.

April 7 8 A.M. 86 .411 Village of Comie, in Wawaw province, and kingdom of Borgoo, about 50 feet above the river Quorra, on the west bank.

9 89 .377 Fresh breezes from the eastward, with a slight haze.

10 89½ .400 Cloudy, with fresh breezes.

Noon. 93 .375 The same.

3 P.M. 90 Strong breezes, and dark cloudy weather.

5 89 .300 Moderate breezes, with dark cloudy weather.

6 A.M. 79 29.320 Dull cloudy weather, with little wind from the south-west.

9 82 .368 The same.

8 Noon. 90 .375 The same.

3 P.M. 99 .320 Clear, with light airs from the south-west.

6 93 .280 Calm and clear.

10 A.M. 89 29.85 Town of Tabra in Nyffé. Cloudy, with moderate breezes, wind south-west.

17 Noon. 95 .60 The same, with light flying clouds.

3 P.M. 98 .45 Moderate breezes.

5 91 28.992 Calm, with light clouds.

6 A.M. 74 .967 City of Tabra in Nyffé. Calm with light clouds.

9 86 29.80 Light breezes, flying clouds, wind south-west.

18 Noon. 96 28.920 Moderate breezes, with light clouds.

3 P.M. 97½ .866 Light airs, wind south-west.

6 95 Light breezes and clear, wind south-west.

6 A.M. 80 .943 Dull and cloudy, with fresh breezes.

9 88 29.11 Fresh breezes, wind south-west.

19 Noon.

3 P.M. 97 28.953 Moderate and clear.

July 5 4 P.M. 80 27.862 Light airs and cloudy, with thunder and lightning. City of Guari. During night a tornado.

6 A.M. 73 .986 Moderate breezes, with dark cloudy weather, wind south-west.

9 78 .942 Light airs and cloudy.

6 Noon. 85 .985 The same, with light flying clouds.

3 P.M. 85 .940 Light breezes, with thunder clouds to eastward.

6 84 .952 Light airs and cloudy.

6 A.M. 75 28.011 Dull and cloudy, with light breezes from the south-west.

9 77 .067 A little rain, with light airs from the south.

7 Noon. 85 .124 Moderate, with thick clouds.

3 P.M. 28. The same, wind south-west.

10 A.M. 79 27.917 City of Zaria, the capital of the province of Zegzeg. Dull and cloudy, with light airs from the south.

12 Noon. 81 .888 Light airs, with dull cloudy weather.

3 P.M. 83 .858 The same, wind south-west.

6 81 .785 Cloudy.

6 A.M. 75 28.820 Cloudy, with a fresh breeze.

9 77 .820 The same.

13 Noon. 84 .815 Cloudy, with light dull airs from the south.

3 P.M. 85 .780 Moderate breezes and cloudy, thunder clouds to the south-east.

6 80 .785 Calm.

6 A.M. 75 .805 Fresh breezes and cloudy from the east, with low clouds.

9 77 .842 Fresh breezes, and dark cloudy weather.

14 Noon. 80 .771 Strong breezes and squally, with thick cloudy weather, wind west.

3 P.M. 82 .751 Thick cloudy weather.

6 80 .735 Moderate breezes, with dull cloudy weather, wind south-west.

17 6 P.M. 74 27.765 A single observation taken at the town of Aushin, province of Zegzeg. Dull cloudy weather, with a fresh breeze from the west-south-west.

20 10 A.M. 75 .438 Town of Baebaegie, province of Kano. Calm and cloudy, with a little rain.

Noon. 78 .354 Fresh breezes and cloudy, wind south-west.

3 P.M. 80 .289 Light airs and cloudy.

6 80 .260 Calm and cloudy.

Aug. 9 3 P.M. 85½ 28.252 City of Kano. Fresh breezes and cloudy, threatening rain.

6 81 .237 Moderate breezes and cloudy, wind south-east.

6 A.M. 76 .269 Light breezes with rain.

9 78½ .269 Fair; at 10 A.M. rain.

10 Noon. 79 .251 Fresh breezes from the south-west, with rain; at 1 P.M. fair.

3 P.M. 79 .199 Fresh gales and cloudy, wind west-south-west.

6 78 .191 Moderate and cloudy.

6 A.M. 76 .192 Moderate and cloudy, wind south; it had rained all night.

9 79½ .234 Fresh breezes and cloudy, wind south-west.

11 Noon. 81 .212 Fresh gales, with flying clouds, and a few drops of rain.

3 P.M. 84 .202 Fresh gales and cloudy, rain, heavy thunder clouds.

6 P.M. 80 .227 Moderate breezes, with light clouds.

6 A.M. 76 .320 Light airs, with light clouds; during the night, cloudy.

9 79 .371 Fresh breezes and cloudy, wind west-south-west.

12 Noon. 83 .346 Fresh breezes and cloudy, thunder and rain, wind south-west.

3 P.M. 82½ .305 Fresh breezes and cloudy, with a light haze.

6 81 .280 Light airs and light clouds.

6 A.M. 78½ .344 Light breezes, cloudy, wind south-south-west.

9 81 .375 Moderate and cloudy, with slight rain at times; at 11 A.M. heavy rain.

13 Noon. 76 .318 Heavy rain, thunder and lightning.

3 P.M. 77 .273 Light winds and heavy rain, wind south.

6 79 .240 Moderate breezes and cloudy.

6 A.M. 75 .291 Moderate and clear, with light flying clouds; during night, cloudy, with a few drops of rain.

9 79 .368 Fresh breezes and cloudy, threatening rain.

14 Noon. 82½ .311 Moderate breezes, with clouds and sunshine.

3 P.M. 86½ .220 Moderate and fine, wind south-west.

6 84 .270 Variable, with dark cloudy weather, thunder and lightning.

9 A.M. 78 .364 Fresh breezes and cloudy, wind south-west.

15 Noon. 83 .344 Moderate breezes, with light white clouds, wind west-south-west.

3 P.M. 85 .270 The same.

6 86 .246 Light airs and fine.

6 A.M. 73 .325 Dull and cloudy, wind south by south-west, with thunder, lightning, and rain; during the night a tornado.

9 79 .337 Moderate and cloudy, with a light haze, wind south-west.

16 Noon. 83½ .329 Fresh breezes and cloudy from the south-west.

3 P.M. 85 .269 Moderate, with a light haze.

6 83½ .329 Moderate breezes, with light flying clouds.

HEIGHT OF THERMOMETER IN KANO, AS OBSERVED BY RICHARD LANDER, AUGUST 25, 1826.

Aug. 6 A.M. Noon. 3 P.M.

25. Dull morning, 6 A.M.; 12 noon, clear; 3 P.M. clear 76° 84° 85°

26. A thunder storm and heavy rain; 12 noon, dull; 3 P.M. do. 75 79 79

27. 6 A.M. clear light air; 12 noon, clear; 3 P.M. clear 76 81 84

28. Clear at 6 A.M.; 12 noon, calm and cloudy; 3 P.M. light airs 77 81 85

29. 6 A.M. heavy rain; 12 noon, clear and calm; 3 P.M. clear and calm 73 82 83

30. 6 A.M. clear; 12 noon, a thunder storm and heavy rain 72 79 79

31. Clear and cold; 12 noon, clear and cold 73 80 84

Sept.

1. Dull morning; 12 noon, dull; 3 P.M. dull and cloudy 77 81 80

8. Dull morning; 12 noon, clear; 3 P.M. clear 76 83 82

10. Dull morning; 12 noon, dull; 3 P.M. heavy rain 77 80 79

11. Clear and calm 77 85 86

12. Clear and calm 80 85 86

13. Clear and light air 79 84 83

14. Clear and light air 77 86 85

15. Clear and light air 80 85 86

16. Clear and light air 75 85 86

17. Clear and light air 77 85 84

18. Clear until noon; 3 P.M. a thunder storm and rain 79 86 83

19. Clear and calm 78 84 88

20. Clear and calm until 3 P.M. and light air 78 84 87

21. Clear and calm 77 84 88

22. Clear and calm until 12 noon, light air 76 85 88

23. Clear, light air 79 90 90

24. Clear and calm; 12 noon, and light air 80 89 89

25. Clear and calm 79 86 88

26. Clear; 12 noon, light breezes 79 86 89

27. Clear, light air 79 86 89

28. Clear; 12 noon, light rain 80 86 90

29. Clear; 3 P.M. heavy rain 79 86 89

30. Dull and foggy; 3 P.M. heavy rain and wind 79 85 87

Oct.

1. Heavy rain and a thunder storm 70 76 79

2. Clear and cold, light breezes 70 80 80

3. Clear and cold, light breezes 70 83 85

4. Clear, light air, and cold 71 84 84

5. Clear and light breezes 70 83 85

6. Clear and calm 80 88 88

7. Clear, light air 80 87 87

8. Clear and calm 75 89 89

9. Clear and light breezes 80 87 88

10. Clear and light breezes 75 88 88

11. Clear and calm 75 87 87

12. Clear and fine breezes 75 88 88

13. Clear, light air 76 89 89

14. Clear, light breezes 76 87 87

24. Clear and cold 75 86 86

25. Clear light breezes 75 83 87

26. Clear and cold, light air 75 84 83

27. Clear and cold, light air 75 87 86

28. Clear and cold, light breezes 75 85 85

29. Clear and light breezes 75 86 85

30. Clear; 12 at noon, light breeze from east 75 84 85

31. Clear; 12 noon, light breeze 76 85 86

Nov.

1. Clear and calm 76 84 85

2. Clear; 12 noon, light air 76 88 88

3. Clear; 12 noon, light breeze 76 85 86

4. Dull and hazy 76 86 86

5. Clear; 12 noon, a light breeze 75 87 86

6. Clear; 12 noon, light breeze 75 85 86

7. Clear; 12 noon, light breeze 75 85 86

8. Clear at 8; 12 noon, hazy and light breeze 75 85 86

9. Clear at 9; 12 noon, cloudy, and light breeze 75 86 87

10. Clear at 8; 12, light breezes 75 88 88

11. Clear at 9; 12, light breezes 75 85 86

12. Clear at 8; 12, light breezes 77 86 87

13. Clear at 9; 12, light air 76 85 86

14. Clear; 12, light breezes 75 85 87

15. Clear; 12 at noon, a light breeze 75 86 86

16. Clear; 12, light breezes 76 84 85

17. Clear; 12 noon, a light breeze 77 85 87

18. Clear; 12 noon, a light air 76 86 86

19. Clear; 12 noon, a light breeze 76 85 85

20. Clear, strong breeze, wind east 75 85 85

21. Clear, light breezes 75 89 89

SOCKATOO, JANUARY 7, 1827.

Jan.

7. Strong breeze from east-north-east, clear 70 90 92

8. Monday, 6 A.M. light breeze, hazy; 12 noon, wind east-north-east 70 90 92

9. 6 A.M. cold and clear, a strong wind east-north-east; 12, clear, light air 65 89 90

10. 6 A.M. cold and hazy; 12, strong breezes, clear, north-east wind; 3 P.M. clear 60 90 90

11. Cold and hazy; 12, a fine breeze, wind north-east, clear, light breeze 60 89 90

12. 6 A.M. cold and hazy; 12, light breeze, wind north-east, clear; 3 P.M. clear 64 86 85

13. Clear and cold, wind north-east; 12 at noon, clear and cold; 3 P.M. clear 62 89 89

14. 6 A.M. hazy, calm; 12, strong breezes, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 62 88 88

15. Clear, cold, wind north-east; 12, strong breezes; 3 P.M. clear 62 86 86

16. Clear and cold, wind north-east, strong breeze, clear; 3 P.M. clear 60 80 80

17. Hazy calm; 12 noon, strong breeze and clear, wind north-east 62 80 80

18. Thursday, clear and cold, wind north-east; 12 noon, clear, strong breeze, wind north-east 62 81 83

19. Clear and cold, a strong breeze from north-east 65 84 86

20. Clear; 12 at noon, strong breeze, wind east, 3 P.M. clear 64 88 89

21. Sunday, clear and calm; 12 noon, light breeze, wind east; 3 P.M. clear 64 88 89

22. Morning hazy, a light air; 12 noon, clear, light breeze, wind east 62 89 90

23. Morning hazy; 12 noon, light breeze and clear, wind north-east 65 90 93

24. Wednesday, morning hazy, calm; 12 noon, clear, fine breeze, east; 3 P.M. clear 72 96 98

25. Morning hazy, calm; 12 noon, clear, a light breeze, wind east; 3 P.M. clear 70 96 98

26. Hazy, calm; 12 noon, clear, a light breeze, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 72 94 95

27. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light breezes, clear, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 62 83 90

28. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light breeze; 3 P.M. clear, wind east 65 93 96

29. Morning clear, a light air; 12 noon, light breeze, clear, wind east; 3 P.M. clear 75 99 100

30. Hazy and a light air; 12 noon, clear, light breeze, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 74 98 99

31. Wednesday, clear; 12 noon, clear, light breeze, wind south-east; 3 P.M. clear 75 98 99

Feb.

1. Thursday, morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light breeze, wind south-east, clear; 3 P.M. clear 75 98 100

2. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, a light breeze, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 75 99 100

3. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light breeze, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 75 97 99

4. Sunday, morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light breeze and clear, wind north-east 75 98 99

5. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light breeze, clear, wind north-east 75 100 104

20. Morning hazy and calm; 12 noon, light breeze, clear, wind ditto 75 95 100

21. Morning hazy; 12 noon, light breeze and clear, wind north-east 75 100 100

22. Thursday, morning hazy; 12 noon, light breeze and clear, wind north-east 75 100 100

23. Morning hazy; 12 noon, light breeze and clear, wind north-east 77 100 100

24. Saturday, morning hazy; 12 noon, light breeze, clear, wind north-east 75 95 100

25. Morning hazy; 12 noon, a fine breeze, wind north-east 75 100 100

26. Morning hazy, calm; 12 noon, light breeze, wind north-east; 3 P.M. clear 75 100 100

27. Tuesday, morning hazy, calm; 12 noon, light breeze, clear, north-east wind 65 85 85

28. Strong gales, hazy; 12 noon, strong gales; 3 P.M. strong gales, north-east wind 65 85 85

During a whirlwind at 2 P.M. the thermometer fell from 100½ to 98, and at 3 P.M. rose to 101.

March.

1. Strong gales during the day, and hazy, north-east wind 85 85 100

2. Strong gales and hazy during the day, north-east wind 65 85 85

3. Strong gales and cloudy during the day, north-east wind 65 85 85

4. Sundry light breezes during the day, north-east wind 74 89 90

5. Morning hazy; 12 noon, light breeze, north-east 72 95 98

6. Calm and hazy; 12 noon, clear, east wind; 3 P.M. hazy, light air 71 96 96

7. 6 A.M. hazy, calm; 12 noon, cloudy, a light breeze, east wind; 3 P.M. cloudy 72 95 96

8. Hazy, calm; 12 noon, hazy, a light breeze; 3 P.M. hazy, light air 70 96 95

9. Friday, 6 A.M. hazy, calm; 12 noon, light breeze, clear, east wind 70 95 96

10. 6 A.M. hazy and calm; 12 noon, strong breeze, clear; 3 P.M. clear 70 99 96

11. Hazy and calm; 12 noon, a light breeze, clear; 3 P.M. clear, east wind 70 98 96

12. Hazy and calm; 12 noon, fine breeze and clear, east wind 70 95 96

13. 6 A.M. strong breeze, south-by-east wind; 12 noon, strong breezes, south-by-east wind; 3 P.M. a fine breeze 70 99 97

14. Hazy, light air; 12 noon, strong breeze, south-by-east wind, clear 70 95 96

15. Hazy and calm; 12 noon, strong breezes, south-by-east wind, clear; 3 P.M. clear 70 96 95

16. Light breeze and hazy; 12 noon, light breeze and clear; 3 P.M. clear 70 100 98

17. Hazy and calm; 12 noon, a light breeze, clear, east-north-east wind; 3 P.M. clear 70 98 99

18. Sunday, calm and hazy; 12 noon, light breeze and clear, east wind 70 100 100

19. 6 A.M. calm and clear; 12 noon, calm and clear; 3 P.M. light wind 73 101 101

20. Calm and clear; 3 P.M. a light breeze, west wind 71 102 102

21. Calm and clear until 3 P.M., a fine breeze, west wind 75 102 103

22. 6 A.M. calm and clear; 12 noon, a strong breeze, east wind 75 104 105

23. 6 A.M. calm and clear; 12 noon, light breeze; 3 P.M. light breeze, clear 74 101 100

24. 6 A.M. calm and hazy; 12 noon, light breeze, hazy; 3 P.M. light air, east wind 74 100 100

25. Sunday, 6 A.M. calm and hazy; 12 noon, hazy, light breeze, east wind 74 104 103

26. 6 A.M. a clear light breeze; 12 noon, hazy, a light breeze, east wind; 3 P.M. a light breeze 74 101 100

27. 6 A.M. a light breeze; 12 noon, hazy, a light breeze, east wind; 3 P.M. light breeze 73 104 101

28. 6 A.M. light breeze; 12 noon, a light breeze, clear, south-east wind; 3 P.M. clear 72 100 100

29. 6 A.M. strong breeze, clear, south-east wind; 12 noon, light air; 3 P.M. light air 72 99 100

30. 6 A.M. hazy, a light air; 12 noon, hazy, a light breeze, east wind; 3 P.M. a light air 72 101 100

31. 6 A.M. hazy, a light south-east wind; 12 noon, hazy, light south-east wind; 3 P.M. hazy, light air 57 106 105

April.

1. Sunday, sultry and hazy, calm; 12 noon, sultry and hazy 74 101 102

2. Hazy during the day, light air 70 101 105

3. Hazy and calm; 12 noon, light breeze, south-east wind, light air 74 103 107

4. Calm and hazy; 12 noon, light breeze, south-west wind; 3 P.M. hazy, light breeze 78 104 104

5. A dull hazy day, light breezes 78 110 108

6. Dull and hazy; 3 P.M. a light breeze from west 77 100 100

7. Dull and hazy; 3 P.M. light breezes, south-west wind 79 100 100

8. Sunday, dull and hazy, light air during the day 77 102 103

9. Clear day and light breezes, south-west wind 77 103 104

10. Tuesday, clear day and light breezes, south-west wind 77 104 107

11. Clear, and light breezes from the south-west 77 104 103

12. Clear morning, and light breezes 3 P.M. 77 104 104

14. Clear morning, calm; 12 noon, light breezes, south-west wind 77 105 106

15. Clear morning, calm; 3 P.M. light breezes, south-west wind, clear 80 105 106

16. 6 A.M. misty and calm; 12 noon, light breezes, south-west wind; 3 P.M. light breezes, south-west wind 79 106 106

17. 6 A.M. misty, west wind; 12 noon, light air; 3 P.M. calm and misty 80 109 108

23. 6 A.M. clear morning, a fine breeze from the west; 3 P.M. calm 76 105 106

24. Cloudy day, a fine breeze from the west 77 102 103

25. Cloudy and calm; 12 noon, a strong breeze from the west; 3 P.M. calm and clear; 6 P.M. a thunder storm 78 102 104

26. Clear and calm; 12 noon, light breeze from the west, and clear; 3 P.M. calm and misty 77 103 105

27. Clear and calm; 12 noon, light breeze from the west; 3 P.M. clear 78 105 106

28. Clear morning, light air; 12 noon, a fine breeze from the west; 3 P.M. fine breeze 77 103 105

29. Sunday, morning clear and calm; 12 noon, cloudy, light breeze; 3 P.M. a gale of wind, with thunder storm 76 100 90

30. Morning calm and clear; 12 noon, light breeze from the west; 3 P.M. light breezes and clear 78 100 100

May.

1. Tuesday, cloudy during the day, light breeze from the west 77 100 102

THE END.

LONDON: PRINTED BY THOMAS DAVISON, WHITEFRIARS.