An Icelandic Primer (continued 2)

Svā var fyrr ritat, at Sigvaldi jarl kom til fǫruneytis við Ōlāf konung ī Vindlandi, ok hafði tīu skip, en þat hit ellifta, er ā vāru męnn Āstrīðar konungs-dōttur, konu jarls. En þā er Ōlāfr konungr hafði fyrir borð hlaupit, þā œpði hęrrinn allr sigr-ōp, ok þā lustu þeir ārum ī sæ Sigvaldi jarl ok hans męnn, ok röru til bardaga. En sū Vinda- snękkjan, er Āstrīðar męnn vāru ā, röri brott ok aptr undir Vindland; ok var þat margra manna māl þegar, at Ōlāfr konungr mundi hafa steypt af sēr brynjunni ī kafi, ok kafat svā ūt undan langskipunum, lagizk sīðan til Vindasnękkj- unnar, ok hęfði męnn Āstrīðar flutt hann til lands. Ok eru þar margar frā-sagnir um fęrðir Ōlāfs konungs gǫ̈rvar sīðan af sumum mǫnnum. En hvęrn veg sem þat hęfir verit, þā kom Ōlāfr konungr Tryggvason aldri sīðan til rīkis ī Noregi.

VII. Auðun

Maðr hēt Auðun, Vest-firzkr at kyni ok fē-lītill; hann fōr utan vestr þar ī fjǫrðum með um-rāði Þorsteins bōnda gōðs, ok Þōris stȳri-manns, er þar hafði þegit vist of vetrinn með Þorsteini. Auðun var ok þar, ok starfaði fyrir honum Þōri, ok þā þessi laun af honum--utan-fęrðina ok hans um-sjā. Hann Auðun lagði mestan hluta fjār þess er var fyrir mōður sīna, āðr hann stigi ā skip, ok var kveðit ā þriggja vetra bjǫrg. Ok nū fara þeir utan heðan, ok fęrsk þeim vel, ok var Auðun of vetrinn ęptir með Þōri stȳrimanni; hann ātti bū ā Mœri. Ok um sumarit ęptir fara þeir ūt til Grœn-lands, ok eru þar of vetrinn. Þess er við getit at Auðun kaupir þar bjarn-dȳri eitt, gǫ̈rsimi mikla, ok gaf þar fyrir alla eigu sīna. Ok nū of sumarit ęptir þā fara þeir aptr til Noregs, ok verða vel reið-fara; hęfir Auðun dȳr sitt með sēr, ok ætlar nū at fara suðr til Danmęrkr ā fund Sveins konungs, ok gefa honum dȳrit. Ok er hann kom suðr ī landit, þar sem konungr var fyrir, þā gęngr hann upp af skipi, ok leiðir ęptir sēr dȳrit, ok leigir sēr hęr-bęrgi. Haraldi konungi var sagt brātt at þar var komit bjarndȳri, gǫ̈rsimi mikil, 'ok ā Īs-lęnzkr maðr.' Konungr sęndir þegar męnn ęptir honum, ok er Auðun kom fyrir konung, kvęðr hann konung vel; konungr tōk vel kvęðju hans, ok spurði sīðan: 'āttu gǫ̈rsimi mikla ī bjarndȳri?' Hann svarar, ok kvezk eiga dȳrit eitthvęrt. Konungr mælti: 'villtu sęlja oss dȳrit við slīku verði sem þū keyptir?' Hann svarar: 'eigi vil ek þat, herra!' 'Villtu þā,' sęgir konungr, 'at ek gefa þēr tvau verð slīk, ok mun þat rēttara, ef þū hęfir þar við gefit alla þīna eigu.' 'Eigi vil ek þat, herra!' sęgir hann. Konungr mælti: 'villtu gefa mēr þā?' Hann svarar: 'eigi, herra!' Konungr mælti: 'hvat villtu þā af gǫ̈ra?' Hann svarar: 'fara,' sęgir hann, 'til Danmęrkr, ok gefa Sveini konungi.' Haraldr konungr sęgir: 'hvārt er, at þū ert maðr svā ūvitr at þū hęfir eigi heyrt ūfrið þann er ī milli er landa þessa, eða ætlar þū giptu þīna svā mikla, at þū munir þar komask með gǫ̈rsimar, er aðrir fā eigi komizk klakk-laust, þō at nauð-syn eigi til?' Auðun svarar: 'herra! þat er ā yðru valdi, en engu jātum vēr ǫðru en þessu er vēr hǫfum āðr ætlat.' Þā mælti konungr: 'hvī mun eigi þat til, at þū farir leið þīna, sem þū vill, ok kom þā til mīn, er þū fęrr aptr, ok sęg mēr, hvęrsu Sveinn konungr launar þēr dȳrit, ok kann þat vera, at þū sēr gæfu-maðr.' 'Þvī heit ek þēr,' sagði Auðun.

Hann fęrr nū sīðan suðr með landi, ok ī Vīk austr, ok þā til Danmęrkr; ok er þā uppi hvęrr pęnningr fjārins, ok verðr hann þā biðja matar bæði fyrir sik ok fyrir dȳrit. Hann kömr ā fund ār-manns Sveins konungs, þess er Āki hēt, ok bað hann vista nakkvarra bæði fyrir sik ok fyrir dȳrit: 'ek ætla,' sęgir hann, 'at gefa Sveini konungi dȳrit.' Āki lēzk sęlja mundu honum vistir, ef hann vildi. Auðun kvezk ekki til hafa fyrir at gefa; 'en ek vilda þō,' sęgir hann, 'at þetta kvæmisk til leiðar at ek mætta dȳrit fœra konungi.' 'Ek mun fā þēr vistir, sem it þurfið til konungs fundar; en þar ī mōti vil ek eiga hālft dȳrit, ok māttu ā þat līta, at dȳrit mun deyja fyrir þēr, þars it þurfuð vistir miklar, en fē sē farit, ok er būit við at þū hafir þā ekki dȳrsins.' Ok er hann lītr ā þetta, sȳnisk honum nakkvat ęptir sem ārmaðrinn mælti fyrir honum, ok sættask þeir ā þetta, at hann sęlr Āka hālft dȳrit, ok skal konungr sīðan meta alt saman. Skulu þeir fara bāðir nū ā fund konungs; ok svā gǫ̈ra þeir: fara nū bāðir ā fund konungs, ok stōðu fyrir borðinu. Konungr īhugāði, hvęrr þessi maðr myndi vera, er hann kęndi eigi, ok mælti sīðan til Auðunar: 'hvęrr er-tu?' sęgir hann. Hann svarar: 'ek em Īslęnzkr maðr, herra,' sęgir hann, 'ok kominn nū utan af Grœnlandi, ok nū af Noregi, ok ætlaða-k at fœra yðr bjarndȳri þetta; keypta-k þat með allri eigu minni, ok nū er þō ā orðit mikit fyrir mēr; ek ā nū hālft eitt dȳrit,' ok sęgir konungi sīðan, hvęrsu farit hafði með þeim Āka ārmanni hans. Konungr mælti: 'er þat satt, Āki, er hann sęgir?' 'Satt er þat,' sęgir hann. Konungr mælti: 'ok þōtti þēr þat til liggja, þar sem ek sętta-k þik mikinn mann, at hępta þat eða tālma er maðr gǫ̈rðisk til at fœra mēr gǫ̈rsimi, ok gaf fyrir alla eign, ok sā þat Haraldr konungr at rāði at lāta hann fara ī friði, ok er hann vārr ūvinr? Hygg þū at þā, hvē sannligt þat var þinnar handar, ok þat væri makligt, at þū værir drepinn; en ek mun nū eigi þat gǫ̈ra, en braut skaltu fara þegar ōr landinu, ok koma aldri aptr sīðan mēr ī aug-sȳn! En þēr, Auðun! kann ek slīka þǫkk, sem þū gefir mēr alt dȳrit, ok ver hēr með mēr.' Þat þękkisk hann, ok er með Sveini konungi um hrīð.

Ok er liðu nakkvarir stundir, þā mælti Auðun við konung: 'braut fȳsir mik nū, herra!' Konungr svarar hęldr seint: 'hvat villtu þā,' sęgir hann, 'ef þū vill eigi með oss vera?' Hann sęgir: 'suðr vil ek ganga.' 'Ef þū vildir eigi svā gott rāð taka,' sęgir konungr, 'þā myndi mēr fyrir þykkja ī, er þū fȳsisk ī braut'; ok nū gaf konungr honum silfr mjǫk mikit, ok fōr hann suðr sīðan með Rūm-fęrlum, ok skipaði konungr til um fęrð hans, bað hann koma til sīn, er kvæmi aptr. Nū fōr hann fęrðar sinnar, unz hann kömr suðr ī Rōma-borg. Ok er hann hęfir þar dvalizk, sem hann tīðir, þā fęrr hann aptr; tękr þā sōtt mikla, gǫ̈rir hann þā ākafliga magran; gęngr þā upp alt fēit þat, er konungr hafði gefit honum til fęrðarinnar; tękr sīðan upp staf-karls stīg, ok biðr sēr matar. Hann er þā kollōttr ok hęldr ū-sælligr; hann kömr aptr ī Danmörk at pāskum, þangat sem konungr er þā staddr; en ei þorði hann at lāta sjā sik; ok var ī kirkju- skoti, ok ætlaði þā til fundar við konung, er hann gengi til kirkju um kveldit; ok nū er hann sā konunginn ok hirðina fagrliga būna, þā þorði hann eigi at lāta sjā sik. Ok er konungr gekk til drykkju ī hǫllina, þā mataðisk Auðun ūti, sem siðr er til Rūmfęrla, meðan þeir hafa eigi kastat staf ok skreppu. Ok nū of aptaninn, er konungr gekk til kveld- sǫngs, ætlaði Auðun at hitta hann, ok svā mikit sem honum þōtti fyrr fyrir, jōk nū miklu ā, er þeir vāru druknir hirðmęnninir; ok er þeir gengu inn aptr, þā þękði konungr mann, ok þōttisk finna at eigi hafði frama til at ganga fram at hitta hann. Ok nū er hirðin gekk inn, þā veik konungr ūt, ok mælti: 'gangi sā nū fram, er mik vill finna; mik grunar at sā muni vera maðrinn.' Þā gekk Auðun fram, ok fell til fōta konungi, ok varla kęndi konungr hann; ok þegar er konungr veit, hvęrr hann er, tōk konungr ī hǫnd honum Auðuni, ok bað hann vel kominn, 'ok hęfir þū mikit skipazk,' segir hann, 'sīðan vit sāmk'; leiðir hann ęptir sēr inn, ok er hirðin sā hann, hlōgu þeir at honum; en konungr sagði: 'eigi þurfu þēr at honum at hlæja, þvī at bętr hęfir hann sēt fyr sinni sāl hęldr en ēr.' Þā lēt konungr gǫ̈ra honum laug, ok gaf honum sīðan hlæði, ok er hann nū með honum. Þat er nū sagt einhvęrju sinni of vārit at konungr bȳðr Auðuni at vera með sēr ā-lęngðar, ok kvezk myndu gǫ̈ra hann skutil-svein sinn, ok lęggja til hans gōða virðing. Auðun sęgir: 'Guð þakki yðr, herra! sōma þann allan er þēr vilið til mīn lęggja; en hitt er mēr ī skapi at fara ūt til Īslands.' Konungr sęgir: 'þetta sȳnisk mēr undarliga kosit.' Auðun mælti: 'eigi mā ek þat vita, herra!' sęgir hann, 'at ek hafa hēr mikinn sōma með yðr, en mōðir mīn troði stafkarls stīg ūt ā Īslandi; þvī at nū er lokit bjǫrg þeiri er ek lagða til, āðr ek fœra af Īslandi.' Konungr svarar: 'vel er mælt,' sęgir hann, 'ok mannliga, ok muntu verða giptu-maðr; þessi einn var svā hlutrinn, at mēr myndi eigi mis-līka at þū fœrir ī braut heðan; ok ver nū með mēr þar til er skip būask.' Hann gǫ̈rir svā.

Einn dag, er ā leið vārit, gekk Sveinn konungr ofan ā bryggjur, ok vāru męnn þā at, at būa skip til ȳmissa landa, ī austr-veg eða Sax-land, til Svīþjōðar eða Noregs. Þā koma þeir Auðun at einu skipi fǫgru, ok vāru męnn at, at būa skipit. Þā spurði konungr: 'hvęrsu līzk þēr, Auðun! ā þetta skip?' Hann svarar: 'vel, herra!' Konungr mælti: 'þetta skip vil ek þēr gefa, ok launa bjarndȳrit.' Hann þakkaði gjǫfina ęptir sinni kunnustu; ok er leið stund, ok skipit var albūit, þā mælti Sveinn konungr við Auðun: 'þō villtu nū ā braut, þā mun ek nū ekki lętja þik, en þat hęfi ek spurt, at ilt er til hafna fyrir landi yðru, ok eru vīða öræfi ok hætt skipum; nū brȳtr þū, ok tȳnir skipinu ok fēnu; lītt sēr þat þā ā, at þū hafir fundit Svein konung, ok gefit honum gǫ̈rsimi.' Sīðan sęldi konungr honum leðr-hosu fulla af silfri, 'ok ertu þā ęnn eigi fē-lauss með ǫllu, þōtt þū brjōtir skipit, ef þū fær haldit þessu. Verða mā svā ęnn,' sęgir konungr, 'at þū tȳnir þessu fē; lītt nȳtr þū þā þess, er þū fannt Svein konung, ok gaft honum gǫ̈rsimi.' Sīðan drō konungr hring af hęndi sēr, ok gaf Auðuni, ok mælti: 'þō at svā illa verði, at þū brjōtir skipit ok tȳnir fēnu, eigi ertu fēlauss, ef þū kömsk ā land, þvī at margir męnn hafa gull ā sēr ī skips-brotum, ok sēr þā at þū hęfir fundit Svein konung, ef þū hęldr hringinum; en þat vil ek rāða þēr,' sęgir hann, 'at þū gefir eigi hringinn, nema þū þykkisk eiga svā mikit gott at launa nǫkkurum gǫfgum manni, þā gef þeim hringinn, þvī at tignum mǫnnum sōmir at þiggja, ok far nū heill!'

Sīðan lætr hann ī haf, ok kömr ī Noreg, ok lætr flytja upp varnað sinn, ok þurfti nū meira við þat en fyrr, er hann var ī Noregi. Hann fęrr nū sīðan ā fund Haralds konungs, ok vill ęfna þat er hann hēt honum, āðr hann fōr til Danmęrkr, ok kvęðr konung vel. Haraldr konungr tōk vel kvęðju hans, ok 'sęzk niðr,' sęgir hann, 'ok drekk hēr með oss'; ok svā gǫ̈rir hann. Þā spurði Haraldr kon- ungr: 'hvęrju launaði Sveinn konungr þēr dȳrit?' Auðun svarar: 'þvī, herra! at hann þā at mēr.' Konungr sagði: 'launat mynda ek þēr þvī hafa; hvęrju launaði hann ęnn?' Auðun svarar: 'gaf hann mēr silfr til suðr-gǫngu.' Þā sęgir Haraldr konungr: 'mǫrgum mǫnnum gefr Sveinn konungr silfr til suðrgǫngu eða annarra hluta, þōtt ekki fœri honum gǫ̈rsimar; hvat er ęnn fleira?' 'Hann bauð mēr,' sęgir Auðun, 'at görask skutilsveinn hans, ok mikinn sōma til mīn at lęggja.' 'Vel var þat mælt,' sęgir konungr, 'ok launa, myndi hann ęnn fleira.' Auðun sagði: 'gaf hann mēr knǫrr með farmi þeim er hingat er bęzt varit ī Noreg.' Þat var stōr-mannligt,' sęgir konungr, 'en launat mynda ek þēr þvī hafa. Launaði hann þvī fleira?' Auðun svaraði: 'gaf hann mēr leðrhosu fulla af silfri, ok kvað mik þā eigi fēlausan, ef ek helda þvī, þō at skip mitt bryti við Īsland.' Konungr sagði: 'þat var ā-gætliga gǫ̈rt, ok þat mynda ek ekki gǫ̈rt hafa; lauss mynda ek þykkjask, ef ek gæfa þer skipit; hvārt launaði hann fleira?' 'Svā var vīst, herra!' sęgir Auðun, 'at hann launaði: hann gaf mēr hring þenna er ek hęfi ā hęndi, ok kvað svā mega at berask, at ek tȳnda fēnu ǫllu, ok sagði mik þā eigi fēlausan, ef ek ætta hringinn, ok bað mik eigi lōga, nema ek ætta nǫkkurum tignum manni svā gott at launa, at ek vilda gefa; en nū hęfi ek þann fundit, þvī at þū āttir kost at taka hvārttvęggja frā mēr, dȳrit ok svā līf mitt, en þū lēzt mik fara þangat ī friði, sem aðrir nāðu eigi.' Konungr tōk við gjǫfinni með blīðu, ok gaf Auðuni ī mōti gōðar gjafir, āðr en þeir skilðisk. Auðun varði fēnu til Īslands-fęrðar ok fōr ūt þegar um sumarit til Īslands, ok þōtti vera inn mesti gæfumaðr.

VIII. Þrymskviða

Freyja kvað:

Þrymr kvað:

Loki kvað:

Þrymr kvað:

Loki kvað:

Notes

The references marked Gr. are to the paragraphs of the Grammar.

I. Thor

Line 3. Hann ā þar rīki er Þrūð-vangar heita, 'he reigns (there) where it is called Þ.,' i.e. in the place which is called Þ. The plur. heita agrees with þrūðvangar, as in l. 14 below: þat eru jārnglōfar 'that is (his) iron gloves.'

l. 5. þat er hūs mest, svā at męnn hafa gǫ̈rt, 'that is the largest house, so that men have made (it),' i.e. the largest house that has been built. Note the plur. hūs of a single house; each chamber was originally regarded as a house, being often a detached building.

l. 13. spęnnir þeim, Gr. § 154; cp. 2. 49.

II. Thor and Ūtgarðaloki

l. 1. fōr með hafra sīna...ok með honum sā, āss er... We see here that með generally takes an acc. to denote passive, and a dat. to denote voluntary accompaniment.

l. 5. soðit refers to some such subst. as slātr (meat) understood.

l. 11. sprętti ā... ā is here an adv.

l. 12. til męrgjar. til here implies intention--to get at the marrow.

l. 20. þat er sā augnanna, 'the little he saw of the eyes.'-- Thor frowned till his eyebrows nearly covered his eyes, and the man felt as if he were going to fall down dead at the mere sight of them.

l. 21. The second hann refers, of course, to Thor.

l. 34. til myrkrs, till it was dark.

l. 36. þeir, the masc. instead of the neut. pl., as in l. 32 foll., showing that leituðu is meant to refer only to the men of the party, and not to include Rǫskva. (Gr. § 179.)

l. 46. sēr hvar lā maðr, 'saw where a man lay,' i.e. saw a man lying.

l. 51. einu sinni, for once in his life.

l. 52. nęfndisk Skrȳmir, said his name was Skr.

l. 66. būið til (prp.) nātt-verðar yðr, prepare supper for yourselves.

l. 77. Er þat þēr satt at sęgja. satt is in apposition to þat--'that is to be told you as the truth, (namely) that...'

l. 88. sjā sik, see himself alive.

l. 104. þann = þann veg, that way, course.

l. 108. at æsirnir bæði þā heila hittask. The full sense is, 'that Thor and Loki expressed a wish that they and Skrȳmir might meet again safe and sound.'

ll. 111, 112. sęttu hnakkann ā bak sēr aptr, threw back the backs of their heads till they touched their backs, i.e. threw back their heads.

l. 118. œrit stōra, 'rather big,' i.e. very big.

l. 120. glotti um tǫnn, 'grinned round a tooth,' i.e. showed his teeth in a malicious grin. Two MSS. read við instead of um.

l. 121. er annan veg en ek hygg, at...? is it otherwise than as I think, namely that...? i.e. am I not right in thinking that...?

l. 127. engi er hēr sā inni er... = engi er hēr-inni sā-er...

l. 129. freista skal, Gr. § 192.

l. 140. kallar þess meiri vān at hann sē... 'says that there is more probability of that, namely that he is...than of the contrary,' i.e. says that he will have to be...

l. 150. fōthvatari en svā, 'more swift-footed than so--under these circumstances,' i.e. than you.

l. 156. ok er Þjālfl eigi þā kominn... = þā er Þjālfi eigi kominn...

l. 172. at sinni, this time.

l. 172. hann, acc.

l. 173. laut ōr horninu, bent back from the horn.

l. 188. mestr refers to drykkr understood.

l. 218. kalli, Gr. § 192.

l. 241. þō refers to uni.

III. Balder

l. 7. engi agrees with dōmr.

IV. The Death of Balder

l. 11. hann, acc.

l. 20. ungr, too young.

l. 31. ū-happ is in apposition to þat; cp. 3. 7.

ll. 33, 34. vāru með einum hug til... had the same feelings towards.

l. 36. var...fyrr, was beforehand, prevented.

l. 42. vili, subj. 'whether he will';--change of construction.

l. 55. nema, 'unless,' here = 'until.'

l. 89. heim. This use of heim in the sense of 'someone else's home.' is frequent. Cp. our 'drive a nail home.'

l. 94. svā refers to ok ef allir hlutir..., the ok being pleonastic.

l. 108. hvar, cp. 2. 46.

l. 113. karl, 'old man,' here = Odin.

V. Hēðinn and Hǫgni

l. 6. Hēðinn = hann; this use of a proper name instead of a pronoun is frequent.

l. 9. þar. Cp. 1. 3.

VI. The Death of Olaf Tryggvason

l. 17. svā at, so that, i.e. just when.

l. 30. er, namely that.

l. 33. austan at sigla, is in a kind of apposition to fęrðina.

l. 40. svā, also.

l. 48. muni fyrir, awaits you, is impending.

l. 53. meira, adv., better, faster.

l. 149. bar hann hātt, impers. w. acc.; he was in a conspicuous place.

l. 244. við fimtānda mann, one of fifteen, with fourteen men.

l. 259. vāpna is governed by the second half of the genitival compound klæða-būnað, which is here considered as two independent words.

VII. Auðun

l. 17. var fyrir, was to be found.

l. 26. tvau verð slīk, double the price you gave.

l. 55. fē is probably dat. here, but may be nom.

l. 56. ęptir sem..., according as, in accordance with what.

l. 64. nū...nū, lately...just now.

l. 116. hęldr is here used pleonastically in a kind of apposition to the preceding bętr.

l. 125. en, and = while.

l. 129. þessi einn var svā hlutrinn, at..., this single thing is the case, namely that... i.e. the only thing is that...

VIII. Þrymskviða

l. 7. jarðar is governed by hvęrgi.

l. 9. tūna. Poetical construction of gen. to denote goal of motion.

l. 15. þō goes with the following at = ok sęlja, þōat (þōtt) væri ōr silfri.

l. 32. fœri may be either sg. or pl. 3 pers.

Glossary

æ follows að, ð follows d, ę follows e, œ follows oð, ǫ follows o, ö follows ǫ, þ follows t.

The declensions of nouns are only occasionally given.

(-rs) etc. means that the r of the nom. is kept in inflection.

A

-a adv. not.

ā sf. river.

ā see eiga.

ā prp. w. acc. and dat. on, in.

āðr adv., cj. before.

aðrir see annar.

æsir see āss.

ætla wv. 3, consider, deem: 'ætlask fyrir,' intend.

ætt sf. 2, race, descent, family.

ætta see eiga.

af prp. w. dat. from; of; with; adv. 'drekka af,' drink off.

af-hūs sn. out-house, side room.

afl sn. strength, might.

af-taka wf. damage, injury.

āgætliga adv. splendidly.

aka sv. 2, drive (a chariot, etc.).

ākafliga adv. vehemently, hard--'kalla a.' call loudly.

akarn sn. acorn.

akkeri sn. anchor.

ālar-ęndir sm. thong-end, end of a strap.

al-būinn adj. w. gen. quite ready.

aldinn adj. old.

aldri adv. never.

ā-lęngðar adv. for some time.

ālfr sm. elf.

ā-lit snpl. appearance, countenance [līta].

all-harðr adj. very hard, very violent.

all-lītill adj. very little.

all-mann-skœðr adj. (very injurious to men), very murderous (of a battle) [skaði, 'injury'].

all-mikill adj. very great.

allr adj. all, whole; 'með ǫllu,' entirely; 'alls fyrst,' first of all.

all-stōrum adv. very greatly.

all-valdr sm. monarch, king.

al-snotr adj. very clever.

al-svartr adj. very black, coal-black.

alt adv. quite.

ambātt sf. 2, female slave, maid.

and-lit sn. face [līta].

annarr prn. second; following, next; other; one of the two--'annar...annarr,' one...the other.

aptann sm. evening.

aptastr adj. most behind.

aptr adv. back, backwards, behind.

ār sf. oar.

ār sn. year.

ār see ā.

argr adj. cowardly, base.

ār-maðr sm. steward.

armr adj. wretched.

ās-męgin sn. divine strength.

āss sm. 3, (Scandinavian) god.

āst sf. 2, affection, love, often in pl.

āst-sæll adj. beloved, popular. [sæll, 'happy'].

āsynja wf. (Scandinavian) goddess [āss].

āt see eta.

at prp. w. dat. at, by; to, towards, up to; for; in accordance with, after.

at adv. to.

-at adv. not.

at-laga wf. attack [lęggja].

at-rōðr (-rar) sm. 2, rowing against, attack.

ātta num. eight.

ātta see eiga.

auð-kęndr adj. easy to be recognized, easily distinguishable.

auðr adj. desert, deserted, without men.

auð-sēnn adj. evident.

auga wn. eye.

aug-sȳn sf. sight.

auka sv. 1, increase; impers., w. dat. of what is added 'jōk nū miklu ā,' much was added to it (his hesitation increased).

austan adv. from the east.

aust-maðr sm. Easterner, Norwegian.

austr sn. the east--'ī au.,' eastwards.

austr adv. eastwards.

austr-vegr sm. the East, especially Russia.

āvalt adv. continually, all the time.

ā-vanr adj. wanting; impers. neut. in 'einnar mēr Freyju āvant þykkir,' Freyja alone I seem to want.

ā-vinnr adj. toilsome, only in the impers. neut. 'mun ā-vint verða um sǫxin,' it will be a hard fight at the prow.

B

bað see biðja.

bāðir prn. both, neut. as adv. in 'bæði...ok,' both...and.

bāðu see biðja.

bǣða see biðja.

bǣði see bāðir.

baggi wm. bag; bundle.

bak sn. back, 'vęrja eitt baki,' defend a thing with the back, i.e. turns one's back to it = be a coward.

bak-borði wm. larboard.

bāl sn. flame; funeral pile.

bāl-fǫr sf. funeral.

bani wm. death.

bar see bera.

bardagi wm. battle.

barð sn. edge, rim; projection in the prow of a ship formed by the continuation of the keel.

barða see bęrja.

barði wm. war-ship with a sharp prow, ram.

barn sn. child.

batt see binda.

bauð see bjōða.

beiða wv. 1, w. gen. of thing and dat. of pers. benefited, ask, demand.

bein sn. bone.

bękkr sm. 2, bench.

bęlla wv. 1, occupy oneself with, deal in, generally in a bad sense.

bera sv. 4, carry, take; bear, endure. berask at, happen. b. fram, bring forward, out. b. vāpn niðr, shoot down. b. rāð sīn saman, hold council, deliberate.

berg-risi wm. hill-giant.

bęrja wv. 1b, strike--'b. grjōti,' stone. bęrjask, fight.

bęrr adj. bare, unsheathed (of a sword).

ber-sęrkr sm. 2, wild fighter, champion. [Literally 'bear-shirt,' i.e. one clothed in a bear's skin.]

bętr see vel.

bętri see gōðr.

bęzt see vel.

bęztr see gōðr.

beygja wv. 1, bend, arch.

bīða sv. 6, w. gen. wait for; w. acc. abide, undergo.

biðja sv. 5, ask, beg, pray, w. gen. of thing, acc. of the pers. asked, and dat. of the person benefited; express a wish, bid--'bað hann vel kominn' (vera understood), bad him welcome; call on, challenge, command, tell.

bifask wv. 1, tremble, shake.

bil sn. moment of time.

bila wv. 2, fail.

bilt neut. adj. only in the impers. 'einum verðr bilt,' one hesitates, is taken aback, is afraid.

binda sv. 3, bind, tie up; dress.

birta wv. 1, show [bjartr].

bīta sv. 6, bite; cut.

bittu see binda.

bitu see bīta.

bjarn-dȳri sn. bear.

bjartr adj. bright, clear.

bjō see būa.

bjōða sv. 7, w. acc. and dat. offer, propose--'b. einum fang,' challenge to wrestling; invite. b. upp, give up.

bjǫrg sf. help; means of subsistence, store of food.

blāsa sv. 1, blow; blow trumpet as signal.

bleyða wf. coward.

blīða wf. gentleness, friendliness.

blindr adj. blind.

blōð sn. blood.

blōt-bolli wm. sacrificial bowl.

bœtr see bōt.

boga-skot sn. bowshot.

bogi wm. bow.

bog-maðr sm. bowman, archer.

bōndi sm. 4, yeoman, householder, (free) man [būa].

borð sn. side of a ship, board; rim, the margin between the rim of a vessel and the liquid in it--'nū er gott beranda b. ā horninu,' now there is a good margin for carrying the horn, i.e. its contents are so diminished that it can be lifted without spilling.

borg sf. fortress, castle.

borg-hlið sn. castle gate.

bōt sf. 3, mending, improvement; plur. bœtr, compensation.

bǫrn see barn.

brā sf. eyelid.

brā see bregða.

bragð sn. trick, stratagem [bregða].

brann see bręnna.

brast see bresta.

brātt adv. quickly.

braut sf. way--ā braut, adv. away.

braut see brjōta.

braut, brott adv. away.

bregða sv. 3, w. dat. jerk, pull, push; b. upp, lift, raise (to strike). change, transform.

breiðr adj. broad.

bręnna wf. burning; incremation.

bręnna sv. 3, burn intr.

bręnna wv. 1, burn trans.

bresta sv. 3, break, crack, burst.

brestr sm. crack; loss.

brjōst sn. breast.

brjōta sv. 7, break--'b. (skip)' suffer shipwreck, also impers. 'skip (acc.) brȳtr,' the ship is wrecked.

broddr sm. point.

brōðir sm. 4, brother.

brotinn see brjōta.

brotna wv. 3, break intr.

brott see braut.

brott-laga sf. retreat.

brū sf. bridge.

brūð-fē sn. bridal gift.

brūðr sf. 2, bride.

brūn sf. 3, eyebrow.

bryggja wf. pier.

brynja wf. corslet.

brȳnn see brūn.

bryn-stūka wf. corslet-sleeve.

bryti see brjōta.

brȳtr see brjōta.

bū sn. dwelling, home.

būa sv. 1, dwell; inhabit, possess, prepare. būask, get ready, prepare intr. 'er būit við at...' it is likely to be that..., there is danger of...

buðu see bjōða.

būinn adj. ready; in a certain condition--'(við) svā būit' adv. under such circumstances; capable, fit for--'vel at sēr būinn,' very capable, very good (at).

bundu see binda.

burr sm. son.

bȳðr see bjōða.

bȳr see būa.

byrja wv. 3, begin.

byr-vænn adj. promising a fair wind.

D

daga wv. 3, dawn.

dagan sf. dawn.

dagr sm. day.

dalr sm. valley.

dauðr adj. dead.

dęgi see dagr.

deyja sv. 2, die.

djūpr adj. deep.

dō see deyja.

dōmr sm. decision.

dōttir sf. 3, daughter.

dǫgurðr sm. breakfast [-urð = -verðr, cp. nāttverðr].

dōkkr (-vir) adj. dark.

draga sv. 2, draw, drag. d. saman, collect.

drakk see drekka.

drap see drepa.

draumr sm. dream.

dręginn see draga.

dreif see drīfa.

dręki wm. dragon; dragon-ship, ship with a dragon's head as a beak.

drekka sv. 3, drink.

drepa sv. 5, strike; kill.

dreyma wv. 1, impers. w. acc. of pers. and acc. of the thing dream [draumr].

drīfa sv. 6, drive; hasten.

drjūpa sv. 7, drop.

drō see draga.

drōgu see draga.

drōttinn sm. lord.

drōttin-hollr adj. faithful to its master.

drukkinn adj. (ptc.) drunk.

drupu see drjūpa.

drykkja wf. drinking [drekka].

drykkju-maðr sm. drinker.

drykkr sm. 2, draught.

duna wv. 3, resound.

dunði see dynja.

dvalða see dvęlja.

dvęlja wv. 1b, delay. dvęljask, dwell, stop.

dvergr sm. dwarf.

dyðrill sm. (?).

dȳja wv. 1b, shake.

dynja wv. 1b, resound.

dȳr sn. animal, beast.

dyrr sfnpl. door.

E

eða cj. or.

ef cj. if.

ęfna wv. 1, perform, carry out.

ęggja wv. 3, incite.

eiðr sm. oath.

eiga wf. property.

eiga swv. possess, have: have as wife, be married to; have in the sense of must.

eigi adv. not; no.

eign sf. property.

eignask wv. 3, appropriate, gain.

eik sf. 3, oak.

einka-māl snpl. personal agreement, special treaty.

einn num., prn. one; the same; a certain, a; alone, only--'einn saman,' alone, mere.

einn-hvęrr prn. a certain, some, a.

eira wv. 1, w. dat. spare.

eitr sn. poison.

ek prn. I.

ęk see aka.

ekki prn. neut. nothing; adv. not.

eldr sm. fire.

ęlli wf. old age.

ellifti adj. eleventh.

ellifu num. eleven.

em see vera.

en cj. but; and.

en adv. than, after compar.

ęndask wv. 1, end, suffice for.

ęndi, ęndir sm. end.

ęnd-langr adj. the whole length--'ęndlangan sal,' the whole length of the hall.

ęndr adv. again.

engi prn. none, no.

ęnn adv. yet, still; besides; after all.

ęptir prp. w. acc. after (of time). w. dat. along, over; in quest of, after; according to, by. adv. afterwards; behind [aptr].

ęptri adj. compar. hind.

er prn. rel. who, which, rel. adv. where; when; because, that.

er see vera.

er see þū.

ęrfiði sn. work; trouble.

ert see vera.

eru see vera.

eta sv. 5, eat.

ey sf. island.

F

fā sv. 1, grasp; receive, get; give; be able. fāsk, wrestle. fāsk ā, be obtained, be.

faðir sm. 4, father.

fær see fā.

fæstr see fār.

fagnaðr sm. 2, joy; entertainment, hospitality.

fagr adj. beautiful, fair, fine.

fagrliga adv. finely.

fall sn. fall.

falla sv. 1, fall. fallask, be forgotten, fail.

fang sn. embrace, grasp; wrestling.

fann see finna.

fār adj. few--neut. fātt w. gen.: 'fātt manna,' few men.

fara go, travel--w. gen. in such constr. as 'f. fęrðar sinnar,' go his way; fare (well, ill); happen, turn out; experience; 'f. með einu,' deal with, treat; destroy, use up w. dat. farask impers. in 'fęrsk þeim vel,' they have a good passage.

farmr sm. lading, cargo.

fastr adj. firm, fast, strong.

fē sn. property, money.

fęðrum see faðir.

fekk see fā.

fęgrð sf. beauty [fagr].

fęgrstr see fagr.

feikn-stafir smpl. 2, wickedness.

fela sv. 3, hide.

fēlagi wm. companion.

fē-lauss adj. penniless.

fē-lītill adj. with little money, poor.

fell see falla.

fęlla wv. 1, fell, throw down; kill [falla].

fengu, fęnginn see fā.

fęr see fara.

fęrð sf. 2, journey [fara].

fer-skeyttr adj. four-cornered.

fimm num. five.

fimtāndi adj. fifteenth.

finna sv. 3, find; meet, go to see; notice, see.

fjaðr-hamr sm. feathered (winged) coat.

fjall sn. mountain.

fjār see fē.

fjara sf. ebb-tide; beach.

fjogur see fjōrir.

fjōrði adj. fourth.

fjōrir num. four.

fjǫlð wf. quantity.

fjǫl-kyngi sn. magic.

fjǫl-męnni sn. multitude; troop [maðr].

fjǫrðr sm. 3, firth.

fjǫrur see fjara.

flā sv. 2, flay, skin.

flaug see fljūga.

flęginn see flā.

flestr see margr.

fljōta sv. 7, float, drift.

fljūga sv. 7, fly.

flō see fljūga.

floti wm. fleet [fljōtal.

flōtti wm. flight [flȳja].

flugu see fljūga.

fluttu see flytja.

flȳja wv. 1, flee.

flytja wv. 1b. remove, bring.

fnāsa wv. 3, snort.

fœra wv. 1, bring, take; fasten [fara].

fœrir see fara.

fœti see fōt.

fōlginn see fela.

fōlk sn. multitude, troop; people.

fōr see fara.

for-tǫlur wpl. representations, arguments [tala].

fōstra wf. nurse.

fōt-hvatr adj. swift-footed.

fōtr sm. foot; leg.

fǫður see faðir.

fǫr sf. journey [fara].

fǫru-neyti sn. company [njōta].

frā prp. from, away from; about, concerning. 'ī frā' adv. away.

frændi sm. 4, relation.

frā-fall sn. death.

fram adv. forward, forth. compar. framar, ahead.

framastr adj. superl. chief, most distinguished.

frami wm. advantage, courage.

framiðr see fręmja.

fram-stafn sm. prow.

frā-sǫgn sf. narrative, relation.

freista wv. 3, w. gen. try, test.

fręmja wv. 1b, perform [fram].

friðr sm. 2, peace.

frīðr adj. beautiful, fine.

frōðr adj. learned, wise.

frœkn adj. bold, daring.

frost sn. frost.

fugl sm. bird.

full-kominn adj. (ptc.) complete; ready (for).

fullr adj. full.

fundr sm. 2, meeting [finna].

fundu see finna.

furðu adv. awfully, very.

fūss adj. eager.

fylgja wv. 1, w. dat. follow; accompany.

fylki sn. troop [fōlk].

fylkja wv. 1, w. dat. draw up (troops) [fōlk].

fylla wv. 1, fill [fullr].

fyr, fyrir prp. w. acc. and dat. before; beyond, over--'f. borð,' overboard; instead of--'koma f.' adv. be given as compensation; for; because of. 'f. þvī at,' because. 'lītill. f. sēr,' insignificant.

fyrir-rūm sn. fore-hold, chief-cabin.

fyrirrūms-maðr sm. man in the fore-hold.

fyrr adv. compar. before, formerly. superl. fyrst, first.

fyrri adj. compar. former. superl. fyrstr, first.

fȳsa wv. 1, hasten trans.--impers. 'braut fȳsir mik,' I feel a desire to go away [fūss].

G

gā wv. 1, w. gen. heed, care for.

gæfa wf. luck [gefa].

gæta wv. 1, watch, take care of [geta].

gaf see gefa.

gæfu-maðr sm. lucky man.

gaflak sn. javelin.

gamall adj. old.

gaman sn. amusement, joy.

ganga sv. 1, go, with gen. of goal in poetry; attack--'g. ā skip,' board a ship. g. af, be finished. g. til, come up. g. upp, land; board a ship; be used up, expended (of money).

garðr sm. enclosure, court; dwelling.

gat see geta.

gefa sv. 5, give.

gęgnum, ī gęgnum prp. w. gen. through.

gekk see ganga.

gęlti see gǫltr.

gęnginn, gęngr, gengu see ganga.

geta sv. 5, w. gen. mention, speak of; guess, suppose.

geysi adv. excessively.

gipta wf. luck [gefa].

giptu-maðr sm. lucky man.

gjafar see gjǫf.

gjǫf sf. gift.

glotta wv. 2, smile maliciously, grin.

glæsiligr adj. magnificent.

gnȳr sm. din, noise.

gōðr adj. good--'gott er til eins,' it is easy to get at, obtain.

gōlf sn. floor; apartment, room.

gott see gōðr.

gǫfugr adj. distinguished [gefa].

gǫltr sm. 3, boar.

gǫmul see gamall.

gǫ̈ra wv. 1c, do, make. gǫ̈rask, set about doing; be made into, become. gǫ̈ra at, accomplish, carry out.

gǫ̈rsimi wf. article of value, treasure.

granda wv. 3, w. dat. injure.

grār adj. gray.

gras sn. grass; plant, flower.

grāta sv. 1, weep, mourn for.

grātr sm. weeping.

greiða wv. 1, put in order, arrange.

greip see grīpa.

gres-jārn sn. iron wire (?).

grey sn. dog.

grið snpl. peace, security.

griða-staðr sm. sanctuary.

grind sf. 3, lattice door, wicket.

grīpa sv. 6, seize.

gripr sm. 2, article of value, treasure.

grjōt sn. stone (collectively).

grōa sv. 1, grow; heal.

grœr see grōa.

gruna wv. 3, impers.--'mik grunar,' I suspect, think.

grunr sm. 2, suspicion.

gull sn. gold.

gull-band sn. gold band.

gull-būinn adj. adorned with gold.

gull-hringr sm. gold ring.

gull-hyrndr adj. (ptc.) with gilt horns.

gull-roðinn adj. (ptc.) gilt.

gȳgr sf. giantess.

gyltr adj. (ptc.) gilt.

gyrða wv. 1, gird.

H

hæstr see hār.

hætta wv. 1, w. dat. desist from, stop.

hættligr adj. dangerous, threatening.

hættr adj. dangerous.

haf sn. sea.

hafa wv. 1, have; 'h. einn nær einu,' bring near to, expose to; use, utilize. at hafask, undertake. til hafa, have at hand.

hafna see hǫfn.

hafr sm. goat.

hafr-staka wf. goatskin.

hagliga adv. neatly.

hagr sm. condition; advantage--'þēr mun h. ā vera,' will avail thee, be profitable to you.

hag-stœðr adj. favourable.

halda sv. 1, w. dat. hold (also with prp. ā); keep. w. acc. observe, keep (laws, etc.). intr. take a certain direction, go.

hālfr adj. half.

hālfu adv. by half, half as much again.

hallar see hǫll.

hallar-gōlf sn. hall floor.

haltr adj. lame.

hamarr sm. hammer.

hamars-muðr sm. thin end of hammer.

hamar-skapt sn. handle of a hammer.

hamar-spor sn. mark made by a hammer.

hana see hann.

handar see hǫnd.

hand-skot sn. throwing with the hand.

hand-tękinn ptc. pret. taken by hand, taken alive.

hann prn. he.

hār sn. hair.

hār adj. high.

harð-hugaðr adj. stern of mood.

harðr adj. hard; strong.

harð-skeytr adj. strong-shooting [skjōta].

harmr sm. grief.

hāski wm. danger.

hā-sæti sn. high seat, dais [sitja].

hāsætis-kista sf. chest under the dais.

hātt adv. high; loudly.

haugr sm. mound.

hauss sm. skull.

heðan adv. hence.

hęfi see hafa.

hęfja sv. 2, raise, lift; begin.

hęfna wv. 1, w. gen. revenge, avenge.

heill adj. sound, safe, prosperous.

heil-rǣði sn. sound advice, good advice [rāð].

heim adv. to one's home, home (domum).

heima adv. at home (domi).

heima-maðr sm. man of the household.

heim-fūss adj. longing to go home, homesick.

heimr sm. home, dwelling; world.

heimta wv. 1, fetch, obtain, get back.

heita sv. 1, call; w. dat. of pers. and dat. of thing promise; intr. (pres. heiti) be named, called.

hęldr see halda.

hęldr adv. compar. more willingly, rather, sooner, more; rather, very.

hęl-grindr sf. the doors of hell.

hęllir sm. cave.

helt see halda.

hęl-vegr sm. road to hell.

hęlzt adv. superl. most willingly, soonest, especially, most [hęldr].

hęndi, hęndr see hǫnd.

hęnnar, hęnni see hann.

hępta wv. 1, bind; hinder, stop.

hēr adv. here--'h. af,' etc. here-of.

hęr-bergi sn. quarters, lodgings.

hęrða wv. harden, clench.

hęr-fang sn. booty.

hęrja wv. 3, make war, ravage [hęrr].

hęrr sm. army, fleet.

herra sm. lord.

hęr-skip sn. war-ship.

hestr sm. horse.

hēt see heita.

heyra wv. 1, hear.

himinn sm. heaven.

hingat adv. hither.

hinn prn. that.

hirð sf. court.

hirð-maðr sm. courtier.

hiti wm. heat.

hitta wv. come upon, find, meet; trans. go to. hittask, meet, intr.

hjā prp. w. dat. by, at; in comparison with.

hjālmr sm. helmet.

hjōn snpl. household.

hlaða sv. 2, load, heap up; 'h. seglum,' take in sails.

hlæja sv. 2, laugh.

hlaupa sv. 1, jump, leap; run.

hlaut see hljōta.

hleyp see hlaupa.

hleypa wv. 1, make to run (i.e. the horse), gallop.

hlīf sf. shield.

hlīfa wv. 1, w. dat. shelter, cover, protect.

hljōp see hlaupa.

hljōta sv. 7, get, receive.

hlōðu see hlaða.

hlōgu see hlæja.

hlunnr sm. roller (for launching ships).

hluti wm. portion [hljōta].

hlutr sm. 2, share; portion, part, piece; thing [hljōta].

hlut-skipti sn. booty.

hnakki wm. back of head.

hōf see hęfja.

hollr adj. gracious, faithful.

hōlmr sm. small island.

hon see hann.

honum see hann.

horn sn. horn.

hœgri adj. compar. right (hand).

hœla wv. 1, w. dat. praise, boast of.

hǫfðingi wm. chief [hǫfuð].

hǫfða-fjǫl sf. head-board (especially of a bedstead).

hǫfðu see hafa.

hǫfn sf. harbour.

hǫfuð sn. head.

hǫgg sn. stroke.

hǫgg-ormr sm. viper.

hǫgg-orrosta wf. 'cutting-fight,' hand-to-hand fight.

hǫggva sv. 1, hew, cut, strike.

hǫll sf. hall.

hǫnd sf. 3, hand; side--'hvārra-tvęggju handar,' on both sides, for both parties.

hræddr adj. frightened, afraid [ptc. of hræðask].

hræðask wv. 1, be frightened, fear.

hræzla wf. fear [hræðask].

hrafn sm. raven.

hratt see hrinda.

hrauð see hrjōða.

hraut see hrjōta.

hreyfa wv. 1, move.

hrīð sf. period of time.

hrīm-þurs sm. frost giant.

hrinda sv. 3, push, launch (ship).

hrista wv. 1, shake.

hrjōða sv. 7, strip, clear, disable.

hrjōta sv. 7, start, burst out.

hrǫkk see hrökkva.

hrökkva sv. 3, start back.

hryði see hrjōta.

hrynja wv. 1b. fall down.

hrȳtr see hrjōta.

hugða see hyggja.

hugi wm. thought.

hugr sm. mind, heart; courage, spirit.

hugsa wv. 3, consider, think.

hundrað sn. hundred.

hurð sf. 2, door.

hūs sn. room; house.

hvar adv. where; that.

hvārr prn. which of two; each of the two, both.

hvārr-tvęggja prn. each of the two, both.

hvārt adv. whether, both in direct and indirect questions.

hvārt-tvęggja adv. 'hv...ok,' both...and.

hvass adj. sharp.

hvat prn. neut. what.

hvart adj. brisk, bold.

hvē adv. how.

hverfa sv. 3, turn, go.

hvęr-gi adv. nowhere--'hv. jarðar,' nowhere on earth; in no respect, by no means.

hvęrnig adv. how [= hvęrn veg.].

hvęrr prn. who.

hvęrsu adv. how.

hvī adv. why.

hvirfill sm. crown of head.

hvītna wv. 2, whiten.

hvītr adj. white.

hyggja wv. 1b. think, mean, determine [hugr].

hylli wf. favour [hollr].

I

ī prp. in.

ī-huga wv. 3, try to remember, consider [hugr].

illa adv. ill, badly.

illr adj. ill, bad.

inn art. the.

inn adv. in compar. innar, further in.

inna wv. 1, accomplish.

innan adv. within, inside. fyrir innan prp. w. gen. within, in.

inni adv. in.

it see þū.

it see inn.

ī-þrōtt sf. feat.

J

jafn-breiðr adj. equally broad.

jafn-hǫfugr adj. equally heavy [hęfja].

jafn-mikill adj. equally great.

jafn-skjōtt adv. equally quick.

jafna wv. 3, smooth; compare w. dat. of thing compared.

jafnan adv. always.

jarl sm. earl.

jārn sn. iron.

jārn-glōfi sm. iron gauntlet.

jārn-spǫng sf. iron plate.

jāta wv. 1, w. dat. agree to.

jōk see auka.

jǫrð sf. earth.

jǫtun-heimar smpl. home, world of the giants.

jǫtunn, sm. giant.

K

kær-leikr sm. love, affection [kærr, 'dear'].

kaf sn. diving; deep water, water under the surface.

kafa wv. 3, dive.

kalla wv. 3, cry out, call; assert, maintain; name, call.

kann see kunna.

kapp sn. competition.

karl sm. man; old man.

kasta wv. 3, cast, throw.

kaupa wv. 2, buy.

kęngr sm. bend.

kęnna wv. 1, know; perceive.

kęrling sf. old woman [karl].

kęrra wf. chariot.

kętill sm. kettle.

keypta see kaupa.

keyra wv. 1, drive.

kirkja wf. church.

kirkju-skot sn. wing of a church.

kjōsa sv. 7, choose.

klakk-laust adv. uninjured.

klæða wv. 1, clothe.

klæða-būnaðr sm. apparel.

klæði snpl. clothes.

knē sn. knee.

knīfr sm. knife.

knǫrr sm. merchant-ship.

knūði see knȳja.

knūi wm. knuckle.

knūtr sm. knot.

knȳja wv. 1b, press with knuckles or knees; exert oneself [knūi].

kōlf-skot sn. (distance of a) bolt-shot.

kollōttr adj. bald.

koma sv. 4. come; happen, turn out; w. dat. bring into a certain condition. k. fyrir, be paid in atonement. komask, make one's way (by dint of exertion).

kona wf. woman; wife.

konr sm. kind--'alls konar,' all kinds; 'nakkvars konar,' of some kind.

konunga-stęfna wf. congress of kings.

konungr sm. king.

konungs-dōttir sf. king's daughter.

konungs-skip sn. king's ship.

kosinn see kjōsa.

kost-gripr sm. precious thing, treasure.

kostr sm. 2, choice--'at ǫðru kosti,' otherwise; power [kjōsa].

kǫgur-sveinn sm. little boy, urchin.

kǫpp see kapp.

kǫpur-yrði sn. boasting [orð].

kǫttr sm. 3, cat.

köm see koma.

krappa-rūm sn. back cabin.

krappr adj. narrow.

kraptr sm. strength.

krās sf. 2, delicacy.

kręfja wv. 1b, w. acc. of pers. and gen. of thing, demand.

kunna swv. know; feel; venture; like to.

kunnandi wf. knowledge, accomplishments.

kunnusta wf. knowledge, power.

kunnr adj. known.

kurr sm. murmur, rumour.

kvæði sn. poem.

kvæma see koma.

kvān sf. wife.

kveða sv. 5, say. kv. ā settle, agree on.

kvęðja wf. salutation [kveða].

kvęðja wv. 1b, greet.

kveld sn. evening--'ī kv.,' this evening.

kveld-sǫngr sm. vespers.

kvenn-vāðir sfpl. woman's clothes.

kviðr sm. 3, stomach, belly.

kvisa wv. 3, whisper.

kvistr sm. 3, branch, twig.

kvǫddu see kvęðja.

kykr (-vir) adj. living.

kykvendi sn. living creature, animal.

kȳll sm. bag.

kyn sn. race, lineage.

kȳr sf. 3, cow.

kyssa wv. 1, kiss.

L

lā see liggja.

lægri see lāgr.

lær-lęggr sm. thigh-bone.

læt see lāta.

lagða see lęggja.

lāgr adj. low; short of stature [liggja].

lags-maðr sm. companion.

lagu see liggja.

lamða, lamit see lęmja.

land sn. land, country.

land-skjālfti wm. earthquake.

langr adj. long, far.

lāt snpl. noise.

lāta sv. 1, let go; leave; lose; allow; cause, let; behave, act; say.

lauf sn. foliage.

laufs-blað sn. (blade of foliage), leaf.

laug sf. bath.

laun snpl. reward.

launa wv. 3, reward, requite w. dat. of the thing given and of the pers., and acc. of the thing requited.

lauss adj. loose; shaky, unsteady; free from obligation.

laust see ljōsta.

laut see lūta.

lax sm. salmon.

leðr-hosa wf. leather bag.

lęggja wv. 1b, lay, put; 'l. eitt fyrir einn,' give, settle on; 'l. sik fram,' exert oneself; intr. w. skip understood sail, row--l. at, land; attack; l. frā, retreat, draw off; pierce, make a thrust. lęggjask, set out, proceed; swim [liggja].

leið sf. way--'koma einu til leiðar,' carry out [līða].

leið see līða.

leiða wv. 1, lead, conduct [līða].

leiðangr (-rs) sm. levy [leið].

leiga wv. 1, borrow.

leikr sm. game; athletic sports, contest.

leita wv. 3, w. gen. and dat. seek; take to, have recourse to. leitask, feel one's way [līta].

lęmja wv. 1b, break.

lęngð sf. length [langr].

lęngi adv. long (of time) [langr].

lęngstr see langr.

lēt see lāta.

lętja wv. 1b, w. acc. of pers. and gen. of thing, hinder, dissuade.

lētta wv. 1, w. dat. lift.

leyniliga adv. secretly.

leysa wv. 1, loosen, untie, open [lauss].

lið sn. troop.

līða sv. 6, go; pass (of time); impers. līðr, w. dat. fare, get on. impers. 'līðr ā (nāttina),' (the night) is drawing to a close.

līf sn. life--'ā līfi,' alive.

lifa wv. 2, live.

liggja sv. 5, lie. l. til, be fitting.

līk sn. body; corpse.

līka wv. 3, w. dat. please.

līki sn. form [līk].

līking sf. likeness, similarity [līkr].

līknsamr adj. gracious.

līkr adj. like.

līn sn. linen; linen headdress.

list sf. art.

līta sv. 6, look at; regard, consider--'l. til eins.' turn to, acknowledge greeting. lītask impers. w. dat. seem.

litask wv. 3, look round one [līta].

lītill adj. little, small--'lītit veðr,' not very windy weather. lītlu adv. by a little, a little.

lītil-ræði sm. degradation [rāð].

litr sm. 3, colour, complexion; appearance [līta].

līzk see līta.

ljā wv. 1, w. gen. and dat. lend.

ljōsta sv. 7, strike, w. dat. of instr. and acc. of the thing struck--'l. ārum ī sæ,' dip the oars into the sea, begin to row.

lofa wv. 3, praise.

lōga wv. 3, w. dat. part with.

logi wm. flame.

lokinn see lūka.

lopt sn. air--'ā l.,' up.

lūka sv. 7, lock, close; impers. 'lȳkr einu,' it is finished, exhausted. 'l. upp,' unlock, open.

lukla see lykill.

lustu see ljōsta.

lūta sv. 7, bend, bow.

lygi wf. lie, falsehood.

lykð sf. ending--'at lykðum,' finally.

lykill sm. key [lūka].

lypta wv. 1, w. dat. lift [lopt].

lypting sf. raised place (castle) on the poop of a warship [lypta].

lȳsa wv. 1, shine.

lȳsi-gull sn. bright gold.

lȳst see ljōsta.

lysta wv. 1, impers. w. acc. desire.

M

mā see mega.

maðr sm. 4, man.

mæla (mælta) wv. 1, speak--'m. við einu,' refuse; suggest.

mær sf. virgin, maid.

mætta see mega.

magr (-ran) adj. thin.

māgr sm. kinsman, relation, connection.

makligr adj. fitting.

māl sn. narrative; in plur. poem; proper time, time.

mālmr sm. metal.

mann see maðr.

mann-fōlk sn. troops, crew.

mann-hringr sm. ring of men.

mannliga adv. manlily.

margr adj. many, much.

mark sn. mark; importance.

marka wv. 3, infer.

marr sm. horse.

mart see margr.

matask wv. 3, eat a meal.

matr sm. 2, food.

mātta see mega.

māttr sm. 2, might, strength.

með prp. w. acc. and dat. with.

meðal s. middle--ā m. w. gen. between.

meðan adv. whilst.

mega swv. can, may.

megin --'ǫðrum m.,' on the other side; 'ǫllum m.,' on all sides [corruption of vegum].

męgin-gjarðar sfpl. girdle of strength [mega].

meiðmar sfpl. treasures.

meiri see mikill.

męn sn. necklace, piece of jewelry.

męnn see maðr.

mēr see ek.

męrgr sm. 2, marrow.

męrki sn. mark; banner [mark].

mest see mikill.

meta sv. 5, measure; estimate.

mey see mær.

mið-garðr sm. (middle enclosure), world.

miðgarðs-ormr sm. world-serpent.

miðr adj. middle.

mik see ek.

mikill adj. big, tall, great. mikit adv. much, very.

miklu adv. (instr.) much.

milli, ā milli prp. between, among.

minjar sfpl. remembrance, memorial.

minn see ek.

minni see lītill.

minnr adv. less.

mis-līka wv. 3, w. dat. displease, not please.

missa wf. loss, want.

missa wv. 1, w. gen. lose; do without.

mistil-teinn sm. mistletoe [teinn, 'twig'].

mitt see ek.

mjǫðr sm. 3, mead.

mjǫk adv. very.

mōðir sf. 3, mother.

mōðr sm. anger.

mœtask wv. 1, meet intr. [mōt].

mǫn sf. mane.

morginn sm. morning.

mǫrk sf. 3, forest.

mǫrum see marr.

mōt sn. meeting. ī mōti prp. w. dat. against.

mǫtu-neyti sn. community of food--'lęggja m. sitt,' make their provision into a common store [matr; njōta].

mundu see munu.

munnr sm. mouth.

munr sm. difference--'þeim mun,' to that extent.

munu swv. will, may (of futurity and probability).

myndi see munu.

myrkr sn. darkness.

myrkr adj. dark.

N

nā wv. 1, reach, obtain; succeed in.

nǣr adv. w. dat. near; nearly. superl. næst--'þvī n.,' thereupon.

nǣtr see nātt.

nafn sn. name.

nakkvarr prn. some, a certain. nakkvat adv. somewhat; perhaps.

nātt sf. 3, night.

nātt-bōl sn. night-quarters.

nātt-langt adv. the whole night long.

nātt-staðr sm. night-quarters.

nāttūra wf. nature, peculiarity.

nātt-verðr sm. 2, supper.

nauð-syn sf. necessity.

naut see njōta.

neðan adv. below. fyrir n. prp. w. dat. below.

nęfja adj. long-nosed (?).

nęfna wv. 1, name, call. nęfnask, name oneself, give one's name as [nafn].

nema sv. 4, take; begin.

nema adv. except, unless.

nest sn. provisions.

nest-baggi sm. provision-bag.

niðr adv. down, downwards.

nīundi adj. ninth.

njōsn sf. spying; news.

njōsna wv. 3, spy; get intelligence.

njōta sv. 7, enjoy, profit.

norðr adv. northwards.

nǫkkvi wm. vessel, small ship.

nū adv. now; therefore, so.

nȳ-vaknaðr adj. (ptc.) newly awoke.

nȳr adj. new.

nȳta wv. 1, profit [njōta].

O

oddr sm. point.

ōð-fūss adj. madly eager.

ōðr adj. mad, furious.

œ̄pa wv. 1, shout [ōp, 'shout'].

œrit adv. enough; very.

of prp. w. dat. over; during; with respect to, about. adv. too (of excess).

of adv., often used in poetry as a mere expletive.

of-veikr adj. too weak.

ofan adv. above; down.

ofan-verðr adj. upper, on the top.

ōk see aka.

ok conj. and; also--'ok...ok,' both...and; but.

okkr see þū.

opt adv. often. compar. optar, oftener, again.

ōr prp. w. dat. out of.

orð sn. word--'ī ǫðru orði,' otherwise.

orðinn see verða.

orð-sęnding sf. verbal message.

orð-tak sn. expression, word.

ormr sm. serpent, dragon; ship with a dragon's head.

orrosta wf. battle.

oss see ek.

ōtta wf. the end of night, just before dawn.

ōttalaust adj. without fear.

ōx see vaxa.

oxi wm. ox.

ǫðlask wv. 3, obtain.

ǫðru see annarr.

ǫl sn. ale.

ǫldnu see aldinn.

ǫndōttr adj. fierce.

ǫnd-vegi sn. high seat, dais.

ǫnnur see annar.

ǫr sf. arrow.

ör-æfi sn. harbourless coast.

örendi sn. errand.

örendi sn. holding the breath, breath.

örind-reki sm. messenger [reka].

öxn see oxi.

P

pati sm. rumour.

pęnningr sm. penny.

R

rāð sn. advice; what is advisable--'sjā eitt at rāði,' consider advisable; plan, policy, resolution.

rāða sv. 1, advise, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers.; consider, deliberate; undertake, begin w. prp. til or infin.; dispose of, have control over w. prp. fyrir.

rāða-gǫ̈rð sf. deliberation, decision.

rāðugr adj. sagacious.

ragna-rökr sn. twilight of the gods, end of the world. [ragna gen. of ręgin neut. plur. 'gods.']

ragr adj. cowardly.

rāku see reka.

rann see ręnna.

rās sf. race.

rauðr adj. red.

rausn sf. magnificence, anything magnificent.

rēð see rāða.

reið sf. chariot.

reið see rīða.

reiða wv. 1, swing, wield, brandish.

reið-fara adj. --'vera vel r.,' have a good passage.

reiði sn. trappings, harness.

reiðr adj. angry.

reka sv. 7, drive; carry out; perform. 'r. af tjǫld,' take down awning.

rękkja wf. bed.

ręnna sv. 3, run.

rētta wv. 1, direct; reach, stretch. r. upp, pull up.

rēttr adj. right, correct; equitable, fair.

reyna wv. 1, try, test.

reyr-bǫnd supl. the wire with which the arrow-head was bound to the shaft.

rīða sv. 6, w. dat. ride.

riðu see rīða.

riðlask wv. 3, set oneself in motion.

rīki sn. power; sovereignty, reign.

rīkr adj. powerful, distinguished.

ripti sn. linen cloth.

rita wv. 3, write.

rōa sv. 1, row.

rœða wv. 1, talk about, discuss.

röra see rōa.

rǫst sf. league.

S

sā prn. that; he; such, such a one.

sā see sjā.

sær sm. sea.

særa wv. 1, wound [sār].

sæti sn. seat [sitja].

sætt sf. 2, reconciliation, peace.

sættask wv. 1, be reconciled, agree.

saga wf. narrative, history, story.

sagða see sęgja.

saka wv. impers. w. acc.--'hann (acc.) sakaði ekki,' he was not injured.

sakna wv. 3, w. gen. miss.

sāl sf. 2, soul.

sāld sn. gallon.

salr sm. 2, hall.

saman adv. together.

sami weak adj. same.

sam-laga wf. laying ships together for battle.

samt adv. together.

sannligr adj. probable; suitable, right.

sannr adj. true.

sār sn. wound.

sārr adj. wounded.

sat see sitja.

satt see sannr.

sē see vera.

sē see sjā.

sefask wv. 3, be pacified.

sęgja wv. 1b, say, relate [saga].

segl sn. sail.

seilask wv. 1, stretch intr.

seinn adj. late, slow, tedious. seint adv. slowly.

sęlja wv. 1, give; sell.

sem adv. as; w. subj. as if; to strengthen the superl.--'sem mest,' the most possible, as much as possible.

sęnda wv. 1, send.

sęndi-maðr sm. messenger.

sęnn adv. at the same time, at once; immediately, forthwith.

sēnn see sjā.

sēr see sik.

sēr see sjā.

sēt see sjā.

set-berg sn. seat-shaped rock, crag [sitja].

sętja wv. 1, set, place. s. fram, launch (a ship). sętjask, sit down. sętjask upp, sit up [sitja].

sī-byrða wv. 1, w. dat. lay a ship alongside another. neut. ptc. sībyrt, close up to [borð].

sīð adv. late. comp. sīðar, later, afterwards. superl. sīðast, latest, last.

sīða wf. side.

sīðan adv. afterwards, then; since.

sīðari adj. comp. later, second (in order).

siðr sm. 3, custom.

sīga sv. 6, sink.

sigla wf. mast [segl].

sigla wv. 1, sail.

siglu-skeið sn. middle of a ship.

sigr (-rs) sm. victory.

sigr-ōp shout of victory.

sik prn. oneself.

silfr sn. silver.

sīn see sik.

sinn sn. time (of repetition)--'einu sinni,' once, for once. 'eigi optar at sinni,' not oftener than that time, i.e. only once.

sinn see sik.

sitja sv. 5, sit. s. fyrir, sit in readiness.

sjā = þessi.

sjā sv. 5, see; 's. fyrir einu,' look after, take care of. impers. 'lītt sēr þat ā, at'...it will hardly be seen that... sjāsk, see one another, meet.

sjālfr prn. self.

sjōða sv. 7, boil; cook.

sjōn sf. sight.

sjōn-hvęrfing sf. ocular delusion.

skal see skulu.

skalf see skjālfa.

skāli wm. hall.

skammr adj. short.

skap sn. state, condition; state of mind, mood, humour.

skapligr adj. suitable, fit.

skapt sn. shaft, handle.

skar see skera.

skarð sn. notch, gap; defect.

skaut see skjōta.

skęgg sn. beard; beak (of a ship).

skeið sn. race-course, running-ground; race--'taka sk.,' start in a race.

skeina wv. 1, graze.

skellr sm. knock.

skęmtun sf. amusement, entertainment [skammr, literally 'shortening (of time)'].

skera sv. cut, cut up; kill (animal).

skiljask wv. 1, separate, part intr.

skillingr sm. shilling, coin.

skilnaðr sm. separation, parting.

skip sn. ship.

skipa wv. 3, order, arrange, prepare, fit out. 'sk. til um eitt,' make arrangements for. skipask, take one's place; change, alter intr.

skipa-hęrr sm. fleet.

skipan sf. arranging; ship's crew.

skips-brot sn. shipwreck.

skip-stjōrnar-maðr sm. (steerer), commander of a ship, captain.

skjald-borg sf. wall of shields, testudo.

skjālfa sv. 3, shake intr.

skjōta sv. 7, w. dat. shoot, throw, push.

skjōt-fœri sn. swiftness.

skjōt-leikr sm. swiftness.

skjōt-liga adv. swiftly, quick.

skjōtr adj. swift, quick. skjōtt adv. quickly.

skjǫldr sm. 3, shield.

skōgr sm. forest, wood.

skorta wv. 1, impers. w. acc. of pers. and of thing, want, fail.

skot sn. shot; missile [skjōta].

skot-māl sn. shot-measure, range.

skotta wv. 3, dangle--sk. við drift (of ships).

skǫkull sm. shaft (of a cart).

skǫmm sf. disgrace, shame.

skǫr sf. hair of the head.

skreppa wf. bag, wallet.

skulfu see skjālfa.

skulu swv. shall.

skuta wf. small ship, cutter.

skutill sm. trencher, small table.

skutil-sveinn sm. page, chamberlain.

skutu see skjōta.

skykkr sm. shake--'ganga skykkjum,' shake.

skylda see skulu.

skyldr adj. obliged, obligatory, bound [skulu].

skyn sn. understanding, insight--'kunna, sk.' understand.

skynda wv. 1, hasten, bring in haste.

skyndiliga adv. hastily, quickly.

skynsamliga adv. intelligently, carefully.

skȳt see skjōta.

slā sv. 2, strike. 'slā eldi ī,' light a fire.

slæliga adv. sluggishly, weakly.

slær adj. blunt.

slær see slā.

slātr sn. meat.

sleikja wv. lick.

sleit see slīta.

slēttr adj. level, smooth; comfortable, easy.

slīkr adj. such.

slīta sv. 6, tear--sl. upp, pull up; w. dat. break (agreement).

smæri see smār.

smār adj. small, insignificant.

smā-skip snpl. small ships.

smā-skūta wf. small cutter.

smjūga sv. 7, squeeze through, slip.

smugu see smjūga.

snarpligr adj. vigorous.

snarpr adj. sharp; vigorous.

snimma adv. early.

snöra see snūa.

snūa sv. 1, w. dat. turn or (trans.) direct; twist, plait. snūask, turn (intr.).

soðinn see sjōða.

sœkja wv. 1c, seek; go--'s. aptr,' retreat.

sœmð sf. honour [sōma].

sœtti see sœkja.

sofa sv. 4, sleep.

sofna wv. 3, go to sleep.

sǫgur see saga.

sǫk sf. cause--'fyrir þā s. at'..., because.

sökkva sv. 3, sink.

sōl sf. sun.

sōl-skin sn. sunshine.

soltinn adj. hungry [ptc. of 'svelta,' starve].

sōma wv. 2, w. dat., be suitable, befitting.

sōmi wm. honour.

sonr sm. son.

sōtt sf. illness.

sōtta see sœkja.

sǫx snpl. raised prow of a war-ship.

spala see spǫlr.

sparask wv. 2, spare oneself, reserve one's energy.

spęnna (spęnta) wv. 1, w. dat. of thing, gird, buckle on.

spjōt sn. spear.

sporðr sm. tail.

spori sm. spur.

spǫlr sm. rail.

sprakk see springa.

sprętta wv. 1, split.

springa sv. 3, burst.

spurða see spyrja.

spyrja wv. 1b, ask; hear of, learn--'sp. til eins,' have news of, hear of his arrival. spyrjask, be known.

spyrna wv. 1, kick.

staddr adj. placed, staying [ptc. of 'stęðja,' place].

staðr sm. place--'ī staðinn,' instead.

stafaðr adj. (ptc.) striped.

staf-karl sm. (staff-man), beggar.

stafn sm. prow.

stafn-būi wm. prow-man.

stafn-lē wm. grappling-hook.

stafr sm. 2 (gen. sg. stafs), staff, stick.

stakk see stinga.

stallari sm. marshall.

standa sv. 2, stand. st. upp, stand up, rise.

starfa wv. 3, work.

stęfna wv. 1, steer; take a course, go.

steig see stīga.

steinn sm. stone; jewel.

stela sv. 4, w. dat. of thing and acc. of pers. steal, rob.

stęndr see standa.

stęrkliga adv. vigorously.

stęrkr adj. strong.

steypa wv. 1, w. dat. of thing, throw; pull off. steypask, throw oneself.

stīga sv. 6, advance, walk, go. st. upp, mount (horse).

stīgr sm. path, way.

stikill sm. point.

stilla (stilta) wv. 1, arrange. st. til, arrange, dispose.

stinga sv. 3, pierce; 'st. stǫfnum at skipi,' run the prow against a ship's side.

stirt adv. harshly [neut. of 'stirðr,' stiff].

stōð see standa.

stœrri see stōr.

stōkkva sv. 3, spring, rebound, start back.

stolinn see stela.

stōrliga adv. bigly, arrogantly.

stōr-mannligr adj. magnificent, aristocratic.

stōr-męnni sn. great men (collective), aristocracy.

stōrr adj. big, great. stōrum adv. greatly.

stōr-rāðr adj. (great of plans), ambitious.

stōr-skip sn. big ship.

stōr-virki sn. great deed.

strā wv. 1, strew, cover with straw.

strauk see strjūka.

stręngr sm. 2, string.

strjūka sv. 7, stroke.

stund sf. period of time, time.

stutt adv. shortly, abruptly [neut. of 'stuttr' short].

stȳra wv. 1, w. dat. steer.

stȳri sn. rudder.

stȳris-hnakki wm. top piece of rudder.

styrkr sm. strength; help.

sū see sā.

suðr adv. southward.

suðr-ganga wf. journey south (to Rome).

sukku see sökkva.

sumar sn. summer.

sumr prn. some.

sund sn. sound, channel.

svā adv. so, as; as soon as. 'ok svā,' also.

svaf see sofa.

svara wv. 3, w. dat. of thing, answer.

svardagi sm. oath.

sveinn sm. boy.

sveinn-stauli wm. small boy.

sveit sf. troop.

svelga sv. 3, swallow, gulp.

sverð sn. sword.

sverðs-hǫgg sn. swordstroke.

svipan sf. jerk; moment.

svipting sf. pull, struggle.

sȳnask wv. 1, seem [sjōn].

syni see sonr.

systir sf. 3, sister.

T

taka wv. 2, w. acc. take, seize, take possession of; w. inf. begin; w. dat. receive (well, ill, etc.). takask, take place, begin. t. at, choose. t. til, engage in, try. t. upp, take to, choose.

tala wf. talk, speech.

tala wv. 3, speak, talk about, discuss.

taliðr see tęlja.

tālma wv. 3, hinder.

tār sn. tear.

taumar smpl. reins.

tękinn see taka.

tęlja wv. 1b, count, recount; account, consider; relate, say [tala].

tęngðir sfpl. relationship, connection by marriage.

tęngja wv. 1, bind, fasten together.

tęngsl snpl. cable.

tīða wv. 1, impers. w. acc. desire.

tīðindi snpl. tidings, news.

tīðr adj. usual, happening--'hvat er tītt um þik?' what is the matter with you? tītt adv. often, quickly--'sem tīðast,' as quickly as possible.

tiginn adj. of high rank.

tigr sm. --'fjōrir tigir,' forty.

til prp. w. gen. to; till; for (of use)--'alt er t. vāpna var,' everything that could be used as a missile; for (of object, intention)--'brjōta lęgg til męrgjar,' break a leg to get at the marrow; with respect to--'til vista var eigi gott,' they were not well off for provisions.

til adv. too (of excess).

til-vīsan sf. direction, guidance.

tītt see tīðr.

tīvi wm. god.

tjald sn. tent.

tjūgu-skęgg sn. forked beard.

tœka see taka.

tōk see taka.

tǫnn sf. 3, tooth.

trani wm. crane.

trē sn. tree.

troða sv. tread.

trog sn. trough.

tros sn. droppings, rubbish.

trūa wf. faith--'þat veit tr. mīn at...,' by my faith.

trūa wv. 2, w. dat. of pers. believe, trust, rely on.

tūn sn. enclosure, dwelling.

tveir num. two.

tȳna wv. 1, w. dat. lose.

typpa wv. tie in a top-knot.

Þ

þā see sā.

þā see þiggja.

þā adv. then.

þær see sā.

þakðr see þękja.

þakka wv. 3, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers. thank; requite, reward.

þambar-skęlfir sm. bowstring-shaker (?).

þann see sā.

þannig adv. thither; so [= þann veg].

þar adv. there; then; 'þ. af,' etc., thereof. 'þar sem,' since, because. 'þar til,' until.

þarf see þurfa.

þat see sā.

þau see sā.

þegar adv. at once. 'þ. er,' as soon as.

þęginn see þiggja.

þęgja wv. 1b, be silent.

þeim see sā.

þeir, þeirra see sā.

þękja wv. 1b, roof.

þękkja wv. 1, notice. þękkjask, take pleasure in; accept.

þēr see þū.

þess see sā.

þess adv. w. comp. the, so much the.

þessi prn. this.

þiggja sv. 5, receive.

þik see þū.

þing sn. meeting, parliament.

þinn see þū.

þit see þū.

þjōð sf. nation, race.

þō adv. though, yet.

þǫkð see þękja.

þǫkk sf. thanks, gratitude [þakka].

þola wv. 2, endure, put up with.

þora wv. 2, dare.

þǫrf sf. need.

þorrinn see þverra.

þōtt adv. though [= þō at].

þōtta see þykkja.

þraut see þrjōta.

þreifask wv. 3, grope, feel.

þreyta wv. 1, make exertions, try.

þriði adj. third.

þriðjungr sm. third.

þrīr num. three.

þrjōta sv. 7, impers. w. acc. of pers. come to an end, fail.

þrūðugr adj. mighty.

þū prn. thou.

þumlungr sm. thumb of glove.

þunn-vangi wm. temple (of head).

þurðr sm. diminution.

þurfa swv. often impers. require, need.

þurr adj. dry.

þurs sm. giant.

þverra sv. 3, diminish.

þvers adv. across.

þvī see sā.

þvī adv. therefore; w. compar. the, so much the more.

þvīlikr adj. such.

þykkja wv. 1c, seen, be considered. 'þykkir einum fyrir,' there seems to be something in the way, one hesitates. 'myndi mēr fyrir þ. ī,' I should be displeased. þykkjask, think.

þykkr adj. thick, close.

þynna wv. 1, make thin. þynnask get thin.

þyrstr adj. (ptc.) thirsty.

U

ū-fœra wf. impassable place; fix, difficulty.

ū-friðr sm. hostility, war.

ū-grynni sn. countless number [grunnr, 'bottom'].

ū-happ sn. misfortune.

ū-hreinn adj. impure.

um prp. w. acc. around, about, over; of time in, at; of superiority beyond; concerning, about.

um-rāð sn. advice, help.

um-sjā sf. care.

una wv. 1, w. dat. be contented--'u. illa,' be discontented.

undan prp. w. dat., adv. away (from).

undarliga adv. strangely.

undarligr adj. strange.

undir prp. w. acc. and dat. under.

undr sn. wonder.

ungr adj. young.

unninn see vinna.

unz adv. until.

upp adv. up.

upp-ganga wf. boarding (ship).

upp-haf sn. beginning [hęfja].

upp-himinn sm. high heaven.

uppi adv. up; at an end.

urðu see verða.

ūt adv. out. comp. utar, outer, outwards, farther away.

utan adv. outside; outwards.

utan-fęrð sf. journey abroad.

utar see ūt.

ūti adv. outside, out on the sea.

ūt-lausn sf. ransom.

ū-vinr sm. enemy.

V

vægð sf. forbearance.

vænn adj. likely, to be expected.

væri see vera.

vætr neut. nothing.

vaka wv. 3, be awake, wake up.

vakna wv. 3, awake.

vald sn. power, control.

val-kyrja sf. chooser of the slain, war-goddess [kjōsa].

valr sm. corpses on the battle-field.

vān, sf. hope, expectation, probability.

vandræða-skāld sn. the 'awkward' poet, the poet who is difficult to deal with.

vandræði snpl. difficulty.

vangi wm. cheek.

vanr adj. accustomed.

vāpn sn. weapon.

vāpna-burð sm. bearing weapons, shower of missiles.

vāpn-lauss adj. without weapons.

var see vera.

vār sn. spring.

vār see ek.

vara wv. 2, impers. w. acc. of pers.--'mik varði,' I expected.

varð see verða.

varði see vęrja.

vargr sm. wolf.

variðr see vęrja.

varla adv. scarcely.

varnaðr sm. goods, merchandise.

vāru see vera.

vatn sn. water.

vaxa sv. 2, grow; increase.

veðr sn. weather.

vegr sm. road; way, manner; direction, side; in composition, region, tract, land.

veik see vikja.

veit see vita.

veita wv. 1, give, grant; make (resistance, etc.).

vękja wv. 1b, wake [vaka].

vēl sf. artifice, cunning.

vęlja wv. 1b, choose.

vęndi see vǫndr.

vēr see ek.

vera sv. exist; remain, stay, happen; be. 'hvat lātum hafði verit,' what had caused the noise. v. at, be occupied with.

verð sn. worth, value; price.

verða sv. 3, happen; happen to come. 'v. fyrir einum,' come in one's way, appear before one; become; come into being, be; 'v. til eins,' be ready for, undertake; w. infin. be obliged, must. 'nū er ā orðit mikit fyrir mēr,' now I have come into a great perplexity, difficulty. v. at, happen.