History of the inductive sciences, from the earliest to the present time
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Table of contents
1. Front matter2. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.3. INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.4. INDEX OF TECHNICAL TERMS.5. BOOK I.6. CHAPTER I. Prelude to the Greek School Philosophy.7. CHAPTER II. The Greek School Philosophy.8. CHAPTER III. Failure of the Physical Philosophy of the Greek Schools.9. BOOK II.10. CHAPTER I. Earliest Stages of Mechanics and Hydrostatics.11. CHAPTER II. Earliest Stages of Optics.12. CHAPTER III. Earliest Stages of Harmonics.13. BOOK III.14. CHAPTER I. Earliest Stages of Astronomy.15. CHAPTER II. Prelude to the Inductive Epoch of Hipparchus.16. CHAPTER III. Inductive Epoch of Hipparchus.17. CHAPTER IV. Sequel to the Inductive Epoch of Hipparchus.18. BOOK IV.19. CHAPTER I. On the Indistinctness of Ideas of the Middle Ages.20. CHAPTER II. The Commentatorial Spirit of the Middle Ages.21. CHAPTER III. Of the Mysticism of the Middle Ages.22. CHAPTER IV. Of the Dogmatism of the Stationary Period.23. CHAPTER V. Progress of the Arts in the Middle Ages.24. BOOK V.25. CHAPTER I. Prelude to the Inductive Epoch of Copernicus.26. CHAPTER II. Induction of Copernicus.—The Heliocentric Theory asserted on formal grounds.27. CHAPTER III. Sequel to Copernicus.—The Reception and Development of the Copernican Theory.28. CHAPTER IV. Inductive Epoch of Kepler.29. CHAPTER V. Sequel to the epoch of Kepler. Reception, Verification, and Extension of the Elliptical Theory.30. BOOK VI.31. CHAPTER I. Prelude to the Epoch of Galileo.32. CHAPTER II. Inductive Epoch of Galileo.—Discovery of the Laws of Motion in Simple Cases.33. CHAPTER III. Sequel to the Epoch of Galileo.—Period of Verification and Deduction.34. CHAPTER IV. Discovery of the Mechanical Principles of Fluids.35. CHAPTER V. Generalization of the Principles of Mechanics.36. CHAPTER VI. Sequel to the Generalization of the Principles of Mechanics.—Period of Mathematical Deduction.—Analytical Mechanics.37. BOOK VII.38. CHAPTER I. Prelude to the Inductive Epoch of Newton.39. CHAPTER II. The Inductive Epoch of Newton.—Discovery of the Universal Gravitation of Matter, according to the Law of the Inverse Square of the Distance.40. CHAPTER III. Sequel to the Epoch of Newton.—Reception of the Newtonian Theory.41. CHAPTER IV. Sequel to the Epoch of Newton, continued.—Verification and Completion of the Newtonian Theory.42. CHAPTER V. Discoveries added to the Newtonian Theory.43. CHAPTER VI. The Instruments and Aids of Astronomy during the Newtonian Period.44. ADDITIONS TO THE THIRD EDITION.45. BOOK I.46. CHAPTER II. The Greek Schools.47. CHAPTER III. Failure of the Greek Physical Philosophy.48. BOOK II.49. BOOK III.50. CHAPTER I. Earliest Stages of Astronomy.51. BOOK IV.52. CHAPTER V. Progress in the Middle Ages.53. BOOK V.54. CHAPTER I. Prelude to Copernicus.55. CHAPTER II. The Copernican Theory.56. CHAPTER III. Sequel to Copernicus.57. BOOK VI.58. CHAPTER III. Principles and Problems.59. BOOK VII.60. CHAPTER I. Prelude to Newton.61. CHAPTER III. The Principia.62. CHAPTER IV. Verification and Completion of the Newtonian Theory.63. CHAPTER VI.64. BOOK VIII.65. BOOK VIII.66. CHAPTER I. Prelude to the Solution of Problems in Acoustics.67. CHAPTER II. Problem of the Vibrations of Strings.68. CHAPTER III. Problem of the Propagation of Sound.69. CHAPTER IV. Problem of different Sounds of the same String.70. CHAPTER V. Problem of the Sounds of Pipes.71. CHAPTER VI. Problem of Different Modes of Vibration of Bodies in General.72. BOOK IX.73. CHAPTER I. Primary Induction of Optics.—Rays of Light and Laws of Reflection.74. CHAPTER II. Discovery of the Law of Refraction.75. CHAPTER III. Discovery of the Law of Dispersion by Refraction.76. CHAPTER IV. Discovery of Achromatism.77. CHAPTER V. Discovery of the Laws of Double Refraction.78. CHAPTER VI. Discovery of the Laws of Polarization.79. CHAPTER VII. Discovery of the Laws of the Colours of Thin Plates.80. CHAPTER VIII. Attempts to discover the Laws of other Phenomena.81. CHAPTER IX. Discovery of the Laws of Phenomena of Dipolarized Light.82. CHAPTER X. Prelude to the Epoch of Young and Fresnel.83. CHAPTER XI. Epoch of Young and Fresnel.84. CHAPTER XII. Sequel to the Epoch of Young and Fresnel. Reception of the Undulatory Theory.85. CHAPTER XIII. Confirmation and Extension of the Undulatory Theory.86. BOOK X.87. CHAPTER I. The Doctrines of Conduction and Radiation.88. CHAPTER II. The Laws of Changes occasioned by Heat.89. CHAPTER III. The Relation of Vapor and Air.90. CHAPTER IV. Physical Theories of Heat.91. BOOK XI.92. CHAPTER 1. Discovery of Laws of Electric Phenomena.93. CHAPTER II. The Progress of Electrical Theory.94. BOOK XII.95. CHAPTER I. Discovery of Laws of Magnetic Phenomena.96. CHAPTER II. Progress of Magnetic Theory.97. BOOK XIII.98. CHAPTER I. Discovery of Voltaic Electricity.99. CHAPTER II. Reception and Confirmation of the Discovery of Voltaic Electricity.100. CHAPTER III. Discovery of the Laws of the Mutual Attraction and Repulsion of Voltaic Currents.—Ampère.101. CHAPTER IV. Discovery of Electro-magnetic Action.—Oersted.102. CHAPTER V. Discovery of the Laws of Electro-magnetic Action.103. CHAPTER VI. Theory of Electrodynamical Action.104. CHAPTER VII. Consequences of the Electrodynamic Theory.105. CHAPTER VIII. Discovery of the Laws of Magneto-Electric Induction.—Faraday.106. CHAPTER IX. Transition to Chemical Science.107. BOOK XIV.108. CHAPTER I. Improvement of the Notion of Chemical Analysis, and Recognition of it as the Spagiric Art.109. CHAPTER II. Doctrine of Acid and Alkali.—Sylvius.110. CHAPTER III. Doctrine of Elective Attractions. Geoffroy. Bergman.111. CHAPTER IV. Doctrine of Acidification and Combustion.—Phlogistic Theory.112. CHAPTER V. Chemistry of Gases.—Black. Cavendish.113. CHAPTER VI. Epoch of the Theory of Oxygen.—Lavoisier.114. CHAPTER VII. Application and Correction of the Oxygen Theory.115. CHAPTER VIII. Theory of Definite, Reciprocal, and Multiple Proportions.116. CHAPTER IX. Epoch of Davy and Faraday.117. CHAPTER X. Transition from the Chemical to the Classificatory Sciences.118. BOOK XV.119. CHAPTER I. Prelude to the Epoch of De Lisle and Haüy.120. CHAPTER II. Epoch of Romé De Lisle and Haüy.—Establishment of the Fixity of Crystalline Angles, and the Simplicity of the Laws of Derivation.121. CHAPTER III. Reception and Corrections of the Hauïan Crystallography.122. CHAPTER IV. Establishment of the Distinction of Systems of Crystallization.—Weiss and Mohs.123. CHAPTER V. Reception and Confirmation of the Distinction of Systems of Crystallization.124. CHAPTER VI. Correction of the Law of the same Angle for the same Substance.125. CHAPTER VII. Attempts to Establish the Fixity of other Physical Properties.—Werner.126. CHAPTER VIII. Attempts at the Classification of Minerals.127. CHAPTER IX. Attempts at the Reform of Mineralogical Systems.—Separation of the Chemical and Natural History Methods.128. BOOK XVI.129. CHAPTER I. Imaginary Knowledge of Plants.130. CHAPTER II. Unsystematic Knowledge of Plants.131. CHAPTER III. Formation of a System of Arrangement of Plants.132. CHAPTER IV. The Reform of Linnæus.133. CHAPTER V. Progress towards a Natural System of Botany.134. CHAPTER VI. The Progress of Systematic Zoology.135. CHAPTER VII. The Progress of Ichthyology.136. BOOK XVII.137. CHAPTER I. Discovery of the Organs of Voluntary Motion.138. CHAPTER II. Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood.139. CHAPTER III. Discovery of the Motion of the Chyle, and consequent Speculations.140. CHAPTER IV. Examination of the Process of Reproduction in Animals and Plants, and Consequent Speculations.141. CHAPTER V. Examination of the Nervous System, and Consequent Speculations.142. CHAPTER VI. Introduction of the Principle of Developed and Metamorphosed Symmetry143. CHAPTER VII. Progress of Animal Morphology.144. CHAPTER VIII. The Doctrine of Final Causes in Physiology.145. BOOK XVIII.146. CHAPTER I. Prelude to Systematic Descriptive Geology147. CHAPTER II. Formation of Systematic Descriptive Geology.148. CHAPTER III. Sequel to the Formation of Systematic Descriptive Geology.149. CHAPTER IV. Attempts to Discover General Laws in Geology.150. CHAPTER V. Inorganic Geological Dynamics.151. CHAPTER VI. Progress of the Geological Dynamics of Organized Beings.152. CHAPTER VII. Progress of Physical Geology.153. CHAPTER VIII. The Two Antagonist Doctrines of Geology.154. CHAPTER III. Sound.155. BOOK IX.156. CHAPTER XIII. Undulatory Theory.157. BOOK X.158. CHAPTER III. The Relation of Vapour and Air.159. CHAPTER IV. Theories of Heat.160. BOOK XI.161. BOOK XII.162. BOOK XIII.163. CHAPTER VII. Magneto-electric Induction.164. BOOK XIV.165. CHAPTER IX. The Electro-chemical Theory.166. BOOK XV.167. BOOK XVI.168. BOOK XVII.169. CHAPTER VII. Animal Morphology.170. BOOK XVIII.