Volume 12 — MODERN EGYPT
Reading edition
EGYPT DURING THE CRUSADES—RISE OF THE OTTOMAN POWER—NAPOLEON IN EGYPT—THE RULE OP THE KHEDIVES—DISCOVERING THE SOURCE OF THE NILE—ARCHÆOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND DISCOVERY.
Spread of Muhammedanism—Spirit of the Crusades—The Fati-mite Caliphs—Saladin’s brilliant reign—Capture of Damietta—Conquests of Beybars—Mamluks in power—Wars with Cyprus—Turkish misrule—Napoleon invades Egypt—Battle of the Pyramids—Policy of conciliation—Nelson destroys the French fleet—Napoleon in Syria—Battle at Mount Carmel—Napoleon returns to France—Negotiations for surrender—Kléber assassinated—French army surrenders—Rise of Mehemet Ali-Massacre of the Mamluks—Egyptian army reorganized—Ibrahim Pasha in Greece—Battle of Navarino-Revolt against Turkey-Character of Mehemet Ali—Reforms under his Rule—Ismail Pasha made Khedive—Financial difficulties of Egypt—England and France assume control—Tewfik Pasha becomes Khedive—Revolt of Arabi Pasha—The Mahdist insurrection—Death of General Gordon—Kitchener’s campaign against the Dervishes—Prosperity of Egypt under English control—Abbas Pasha becomes Khedive—Education, courts, and government of modern Egypt—The Nile; its valley, branches, and delta—Ancient irrigation systems—The Suez Canal, its inception and completion—The great dam at Aswan—Ancient search for the sources of the Nile—Modern discoveries in Central Africa—The Hieroglyphs—Origin of the alphabet—Egyptian literature—Mariettas discoveries—The German Egyptologists—Jeremiah verified—Maspero, Naville, and Petrie—Palæolithic man—Egyptian record of Israel—Egypt Exploration Fund—The royal tombs at Abydos—Chronology of the early kings—Steles, pottery, and jewelry-The temples of Abydos—Seals, statuettes, and ceramics.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—THE CRUSADERS IN EGYPT
CHAPTER II.—THE FRENCH IN EGYPT
CHAPTER III.—THE RULE OF MEHEMET ALI
CHAPTER IV—THE BRITISH INFLUENCE IN EGYPT
CHAPTER V.—THE WATER WAYS OF EGYPT
CHAPTER VI—THE DECIPHERMENT OF THE HIEROGLYPHS
CHAPTER VII—THE DEVELOPMENT OF EGYPTOLOGY
CHAPTER VIII.—IMPORTANT RESEARCHES IN EGYPT
List of Illustrations
Spines
Cover
Frontispiece Collection of Vases
001.jpg Page Image
002.jpg Page Image
003.jpg Page Image
007.jpg Arabic Decorative Painting
013.jpg Enamelled Glass Cup from Arabia
015.jpg Gate of El Futuh at Cairo
019.jpg Arab Drinking-vessels
025.jpg Vase in the Abbott Collection, New York
027.jpg Public Fountain, Cairo.
032b.jpg
038.jpg Court in the Moristan of The Kilawun
043.jpg Window in the Mausoleum of Kilawun
049.jpg Interior of the Mosque, Kilawun
055.jpg Frieze in Mosque of Sultan Hasan
059.jpg Inside the Mosque of Hassan
063.jpg Mosque of Berkuk
065.jpg the Tomb of Berkuk
067.jpg a Title-page of the Koran Of The Time Of Shaban
069.jpg Prayer-niche in the Mosque of The Sultan Mahmudi
071.jpg Ornamental Page from a Koran of the Fourteenth Century
073.jpg Mosque of Kait Bey, Cairo
076.jpg Wadi Feiran, in the Sinai Peninsula
077.jpg Mausoleum of El-ghuri
080b.jpg Bonaparte in Egypt
080.jpg
081.jpg Page Image
083 Bedouins in the Desert
091.jpg the Prophet Muhammed
097.jpg Street Dogs
Gathering Dates
112.jpg A Fountain at Cairo
116b.jpg Cairo—Eskibieh Quarter
119.jpg Cairo from the Left Bank of The Nile
124.jpg Statue of General Kleber at Strasburg
130.jpg A Modern Fanatic
137.jpg Citadel of Cairo
141.jpg Page Image
151.jpg Mosque of Mehemit Ali
157.jpg the Cotton Plant
161.jpg a Distinguished Egyptian Jew
165.jpg Mosque of Muad at Cairo
169.jpg a Muhammedan Praying Priest
153.jpg Egyptian Harmem
179.jpg Harbor of the Bulak
185.jpg a Fellah Plowing
187.jpg Arabs at a Desert Spring
190.jpg Part of Cairo, Showing the Mulqufs on The Houses Of Modern Egypt
191.jpg Page Image
195.jpg the Khedive Tewfik
201.jpg Palace Op the Khedive at Alexandria
204.jpg Osman Digna
207.jpg Mosque of the Ibriham at Desuk
210.jpg Lord Kitchener of Khartum
218.jpg Slave Boats on the Nile
223.jpg Viscount Cromer (sir Evelyn Baring)
227.jpg Bazar in Aswan
232.jpg Mosque of El Ghuri at Cairo
235.jpg Page Image
237.jpg the Plain of Thebes
240b.jpg Harbour at Suez
241.jpg the Nile Barrage
245.jpg Scale of the Nilometer
247.jpg a Modern Sakieh
251.jpg Hieroglyphic Record of an Ancient Canal
259.jpg Ferdinand de Lesseps
263.jpg the Opening of The Suez Canal
269.jpg Approach to Philae
277.jpg the Main Stream of The Nile
283.jpg the Ferry at Old Cairo
291.jpg Examples of Phoenecian Porcelain
293.jpg Page Image
296.jpg Jean Francois Champollion
298.jpg Page Image
299.jpg Page Image
301.jpg Determinative Signs
302a.jpg Hieroglyphics
302b.jpg Hieroglyphics
303.jpg Hieroglyphics
309.jpg Table of Comparative Symbols
318.jpg Tailpiece
318b.jpg Phoenician Jewlery
321.jpg Page Image
321.jpg the Great Hall of Abydos
322.jpg Propylon at Denderah
324.jpg Types of Egyptian Columns: 1, 2, 3, Geometric; 6-11, Botanical; 4, 5, 12, Hathoric.
336.jpg Ruins at Luxor
347.jpg the Lotus Flower Nymphaea Lotus
357.jpg Page Image
361.jpg Plan of the Royal Tombs As Abydos
362.jpg Table of Ancient Rulers *
363a.jpg Table of Chronology Of Early Kings
363b.jpg Table of Kings
364.jpg Enlarged Plan of First Dynasty Tombs
366.jpg Ebony Tablet of King Aha-mena
368.jpg Tomb of Zer, 4700 B.c.
372.jpg Tomb of Zet, Circa 4700 B.c.
377.jpg Plans of the Tombs Of Den-setui and Others
379.jpg Tablet of Den-setui, 4600 B.c.
380.jpg Architectural Drawing, B.c. 4600.
381.jpg Ivory Panel of Den-setui, 4600 B.c.
382.jpg Stairway in the Tomb Azab
384.jpg Tomb of Mersekha, Showing Wooden Floor
385.jpg Plan of Tomb Of Qa, Circa 4500 B.c.
386.jpg Style of King Qa
389.jpg Stone Chamber of Khasekhemui
391.jpg Gold-capped Vases and Gold Bracelets
393.jpg General Plan of Buildings at Abydos
395.jpg Wall of Usirtasen I.
395.jpg Ivory Statuette of First Dynasty King
398.jpg Ivory Statuette of Khufvi.
399.jpg Carved Ivory Lion
400.jpg Ancient Egyptian Arrows
401.jpg Miscellaneous Copper Objects
402a.jpg Ivory Comb, B. C. 4800
402b.jpg Corn-grinder and Three-sided Bowl
403.jpg Types of Prehistoric and First Dynasty Pottery
404a.jpg Pottery Marks
404b.jpg Pottery Forms from Abydos
405.jpg Three Types of Sealings
406.jpg a Sealing Showing Jars
407.jpg Accounts on Pottery, B.C. 4600
408.jpg Unique Instance of a Dissected Burial
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