Volume IV.
M. L. McClure translation
LONDON THE GROLIER SOCIETY PUBLISHERS
THE FIRST CHALDEAN EMPIRE AND THE HYKSÔS IN EGYPT
SYRIA: THE PART PLAYED BY IT IN THE HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT WORLD— BABYLON AND THE FIRST CHALDÆAN EMPIRE—THE DOMINION OF THE HYKSÔS: ÂHMOSIS.
Syria, owing to its geographical position, condemned to be subject to neighbouring powers-Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon, the valley of the Orontes and of the Litâny, and surrounding regions: the northern table-land, the country about Damascus, the Mediterranean coast, the Jordan and the Dead Sea-Civilization and primitive inhabitants, Semites and Asiatics: the almost entire absence of Egyptian influence, the predominance of that of Chaldæa.
Babylon, its ruins and its environs—It extends its rule over Mesopotamia; its earliest dynasty and its struggle with Central Chaldæa-Elam, its geographical position, its peoples; Kutur-Nakhunta conquers Larsam-Bimsin (Eri-Aku); Khammurabi founds the first Babylonian empire; Ids victories, his buildings, his canals—The Elamites in Syria: Kudurlagamar—Syria recognizes the authority of Hammurabi and his successors.
The Hyksôs conquer Egypt at the end of the XIVth dynasty; the founding of Avaris—Uncertainty both of ancients and moderns with regard to the origin of the Hyksôs: probability of their being the Khati—Their kings adopt the manners and civilization of the Egyptians: the monuments of Khiani and of Apôphis I. and II—The XVth dynasty.
Semitic incursions following the Hyksôs—The migration of the Phoenicians and the Israelites into Syria: Terah, Abraham and his sojourn in the land of Canaan—Isaac, Jacob, Joseph: the Israelites go down into Egypt and settle in the land of Goshen.
Thébes revolts against the Hyksôs: popular traditions as to the origin of the war, the romance of Apôphis and Saquinri—The Theban princesses and the last Icings of the XVIIth dynasty: Tiûdqni Kamosis, Ahmosis I.—The lords of El-Kab, and the part they played during the war of independence—The taking of Avaris and the expulsion of the Ilylcsôs.
The reorganization of Egypt—Ahmosis I. and his Nubian wars, the reopening of the quarries of Turah—Amenôthes I. and his mother Nofrîtari: the jewellery of Queen Âhhotpû—The wars of Amenôthes I., the apotheosis of Nofrîtari—The accession of Thûtmosis I. and the re-generation of Egypt.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—THE FIRST CHALDÆAN EMPIRE AND THE HYKSÔS IN EGYPT
CHAPTER II—SYRIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EGYPTIAN CONQUEST
CHAPTER III—THE EIGHTEENTH THEBAN DYNASTY
List of Illustrations
Spines
Cover
Frontispiece
Titlepage
014.jpg the Most Northern Source of The Jordan, The Naiir-el-hasbany
015.jpg Lake of Genesarath
017.jpg One of the Reaches Of The Jordan
018.jpg the Dead Sea and The Mountains of Moab, Seen Fkom The Heights of Engedi
023.jpg Asiatic Women from the Tomb of KhnÛmhotpÛ
024.jpg Two Asiatics Fkom the Tomb of KhnÛmhoptÛ.
029.jpg the Ruins of Babylon
030.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Babylon
032.jpg the Kask Seen from The South
033.jpg the Tell of Borsippa, The Present Birs-nimrud
036.jpg the Banks of The Euphrates at Zuleibeh
039.jpg Table
045.jpg Map of ChaldÆa and Elam.
046.jpg an Ancient Susian of Negretic Race
047.jpg Native of Mixed Negritic Race from Susiana
048.jpg the Tumulus of Susa, As It Appeared Towards The Middle of the Xixth Century
050.jpg Page Image
057.jpg Head of a Sceptre in Copper, Bearing the Name Of Kham-murabi
059.jpg Page Image
079.jpg Pallate of HyksÔs Scribe
080.jpg a HyksÔs Prisoner Guiding the Plough, at El-kab
082.jpg Table of Offerings Bearing the Name Of ApÔti ÂqnÛnrÎ
083.jpg Page Image
084.jpg Broken Statue of Khiani
093.jpg the Traditional Oak of Abraham at Hebron
106.jpg Pallate of Tiû.a
109.jpg NofrÎtari, from Tue Wooden Statuette in the Turin Museum
110.jpg the Head of Saqnuri
113.jpg the Small Gold Votive Barque of Pharaoh KamosÛ, In the GÎzeh Museum.
114.jpg Page Image
116.jpg the Walls of El-kab Seen from The Tomb Of Pihiri
116a.jpg Collection of Vases Modelled and Painted in The Grand Temple. Philae Island.
119.jpg the Ruins of The Pyramid Of QÛlah, Near Mohammerieh
122.jpg the Tombs of The Princes Of NekhabÎt, in The Hillside Above El-kab
130.jpg Painting in Tomb of the Kings Thebes
132.jpg a Convoy of TÛrah Quarrymen Drawing Stone
135.jpg Coffin of Ahmosis in the GÎzeh Museum
136.jpg Nofritari, Hie Black-skinned Goddess
137.jpg the Jewels and Weapons of Queen ÂhhhotpÛ I. In The GÎzeh Museum
141.jpg the Two Coffins of Ahhotp Ii. And Nofritari Standing in Tub Vestibule of the Old BÛlak Museum.
144.jpg Statue of AmenÔthes I. In the Turin Museum
146.jpg Page Image
147.jpg the Coffin and Mummy of Amenothes
150.jpg ThÛtmosis I., from a Statue in the GÎzeh Museum
153.jpg Table
155.jpg Signs, Arms and Instruments
158.jpg Page Image
Table
177.jpg the Fortress and Bridge of Zalu
180.jpg Map
184.jpg the Canaanite Fortresses
185.jpg the Walled City of DapÛr, in Galilee
187.jpg the Migdol of Ramses Iii. At Thebes, in The Temple of Medinet-abul
189.jpg the Modern Village of BeÎtÎn (ancient Bethel), Seen from the South-west.
191.jpg Page Image
192.jpg Amphitheatre of Hills
196.jpg the Evergreen Oaks Between Joppa and Carmel
197.jpg Acre and the Fringe of Reefs Sheltering The Ancient Port
199.jpg Map
201.jpg the Town of Qodshu
202.jpg the Tyrian Ladder at Ras El-abiad
206.jpg the Dyke at Baiik El-kades in Its Present Condition
208.jpg Map
211.jpg Site of Carchemish
212.jpg the Tell of Jerabis in Its Present Condition
213.jpg a Northern Syrian
215.jpg the Heads of Three Amorite Captives
216.jpg Mixture of Syrian Races
218.jpg a Caricature of the Syrian Type
219.jpg
220.jpg Syrians Dressed in the Loin-cloth and Double Shawl
222a.jpg
223.jpg Page Image
226.jpg LotanÛ Women and Children from the Tomb Of RakhmieÎ
229.jpg Astarte As a Sphinx
231.jpg Page Image
235.jpg Transjordanian Dolmen
238.jpg a Cromlech in the Neighbourhood of Hesban, In The Country of Moab
240.jpg a Corner of the Phoenician Neckropolis at Adlun
241.jpg Valley of the Tomb Of The Kings
241-text.jpg
246.jpg
248.jpg
249.jpg Page Image
252.jpg
253.jpg
256.jpg Valley of the Adonis
256a.jpg the Amphitheatre of Aphaka and The Source Of The Nahh-ibrahim
267.jpg the Ambrosian Rocks
268.jpg
269.jpg Tyre and Its Suburbs on the Mainland
273.jpg the Sculptured Rocks of Hanaweh
282.jpg One of the KafÎti from The Tomb Of RakhmirÎ
286.jpg Page Image
288.jpg an Egyptian Trading Vessel of the First Half Of The Xviiith Dynasty
294.jpg Map of Cyprus
297.jpg the Murex Trunculus
298.jpg Dagger of Âhmosis
299.jpg One of the Daggers Discovered at MycenÆ, Showing An Imitation of Egyptian Decoration
302.jpg Tailpiece
303.jpg Page Image
305.jpg Page Image
311.jpg a Platoon (troop) of Egyptian Spearmen at DeÎr El-baharÎ
313.jpg a Platoon of Egyptian Archers at DeÎr El-baharÎ
314.jpg the Egyptian Chariot Preserved in The Florence Museum
315.jpg the King Charging on his Chariot
318.jpg an Egyptian Learning to Ride, from a Bas-relief In the Bologna Museum
319.jpg the War-dance of The Timihu at DeÎr El-baharÎ
321.jpg a Column of Troops on the March, Chariots And Infantry
322.jpg an Egyptian Fortified Camp, Forced by the Enemy
322b.jpg Two Companies on the March
325.jpg Scenes from Military Life in an Egyptian Camp
327.jpg Encounter Between Egyptian and Asiatic Chariots
328.jpg Ramses II.
330.jpg Counting of the Hands
336.jpg a City of Modern Nubia—the Ancient Dongola
338.jpg Arrival of an Ethiopian Queen Bringing Tribute To The Viceroy of KÛsii
339.jpg Typical Galla Woman
341.jpg Gold Epergne Representing Scenes from Ethiopian Life
344.jpg Portrait of the Queen Âhmasi
345.jpg Queen MÛtnofrÎt in the GÎzeh Museum
346.jpg Queen HÂtshopsÎtÛ in Male Costume
347.jpg Bust of Queen HÂtshopsÎtÛ
348.jpg Painting on the Tomb of The Kings
350.jpg the Amphitheatre at DeÎr El-baharÎ, As It Appeared Bepoee Naville’s Excavations
351.jpg the Northern Collonade
353.jpg Head of the Mummy Of ThÛtmosis I.
354.jpg Head of the Mummy Of ThÛtmosis Ii.
356.jpg the Coffin of Thûtmosis I.
356b Avenue of Rams and Pylon at Karnak
356b-text
357.jpg the Statue of SanmÛt
358.jpg Page Image
361.jpg an Inhabitant of the Land Of PÛanÎt
363.jpg a Village on the Bank of The River, With Ladders Of Incense
365.jpg Prince ParihÛ and the Princess of PuanÎt
366.jpg the Embarkation of The Incense Sycomores On Board the Egyptian Fleet
369.jpg Some of the Incense Trees Brought from PÛanÎt To DeÎr El-baiiakÎ
372.jpg Thutmosis Iii., from his Statue in the Turin Museum
378.jpg an Egyptian Encampment Before a Besieged Town
380.jpg Some of the Plants and Animals Brought Back From PuanÎt
381.jpg Part of the Triumphal Lists Of Thutmosis Iii.
384.jpg Some of the Objects Carried in Tribute to The Syrians
