INDEX
Reading edition
A few Names which do not occur in the body of the Work are explained in the Index.
A
Abbeville, 4
Abbeyfeale, 4
Abbeyleix and Abbeyshrule, 4
Abyssinia, named from the Rivers Abai and Wabash, or, according to Bruce, from habish (mixed), i.e. the country of the mixed races
Acapulca, 9
Acre, anc. Accho, Ar. the sultry or sandy shore
Adelsberg, the nobles’ fortress
Aden, Ar. a paradise
Afium-kara-hissar, Turc. the black castle of opium
Agades, the enclosure
Agde, in France, Grk. Agathos, the good place, founded by Greeks from Marseilles
Aghrim, or Aughrim, 67
Agosta, Lat. Augusta
Agra, 2
Airdrie, 10
Aix, 9
Aix-la-Chapelle, 9
Akerman, Turc. (white castle)
Akhalzk, new fortress
Alabama, the land of rest
Alagous Bay (abounding in lakes)
Aland, water land
Albania, 7
Albert, in Cape Colony, named after the Prince Consort
Albuera, Ar. the lake
Albuquerque, Lat. the white oak-tree
Alcala, Ar. the castle, 114
Alcantara, 6
Alcarez, Ar. the farm
Aldershott, 107
Alemtayo (beyond the R. Tagus)
Aleutian Islands, the bold rocks
Alexandria and Alexandretta, named after Alexander the Great
Alexandria, in Cape Colony, in honour of Queen Victoria
Alexandria, in Italy, after Pope Alexander III
Alhama, 100
Alleghany Mountains, from a tribe
Alloa, the way to the sea
Almaden, Ar. the mine
Almanza, Ar. the plain
Almanzor, Ar. victorious
Almeida, Ar. the table
Altona, called by the Hamburgians All-zu-nah, i.e. (all too near), in allusion to its vicinity to Hamburg
Alyth, the ascent or slope
America, named after the Florentine adventurer Amerigo-Vespucci
Angora, anc. Ancyra
Annam (the place of the South)
Anstruther, 179
Antrim (at the elder trees)
Antwerp, 208
Aoasta, Lat. Augusta
Apennine Mountains, 154
Appenzel, 4
Appleby, 37
Applecross, 3
Aranjues, Lat. Ara Jovis, the altar of Jove
Aravali Mountain, the hill of strength
Arbois, anc. Arborosa, the woody place
Arbroath, 3
Archangel, named in honour of the Archangel Michael
Archipelago, the chief sea
Arcos, anc. Argobriga, the town on the bend
Ardeche, now Ardoix, in France, from ardoise, slate
Ardee, in Ireland, on the R. Dee, now the Nith
Ardeen and Ardennes, 10, 11
Ardfert, 10
Ardrossan, 10
Argos, the plain
Argyle, 150
Arles, Cel. Ar-laeth, the marshy land
Armagh, i.e. Ardmacha, Macha’s height
Armorica, 143
Arras, named from the Atrebates
Arthur Seat, in Edinburgh, Gael. Ard-na-said, i.e. the height of the arrows, meaning a convenient ground to shoot from
Ascension Island, so named because discovered on Ascension Day
Asperne, 11
Aspropotamo, Modern Grk. (the white river)
Assouan, Ar. the opening at the mouth of the Nile
Astrakan, named after a Tartar king
Astura R., 199
Asturias, 12
Attica, Grk. the promontory
Aubusson, 36
Auch, named after the Ausci, a tribe
Auchinleck, 5
Auckland, 5
Audlem, 7
Augsburg, 35
Aurillac, supposed to have been named after the Emperor Aurelian
Auriol, anc. Auriolum, the golden or magnificent
Austerlitz, 151
Australia, the southern land
Austria, 164
Autun, 69
Auvergne, the high country, 11
Ava, or Awa, named from angwa, a fish-pond
Avignon, 14
Avranches, named from the Abrincatui
Awe, Loch, 2
Azores Isles, Port. the islands of hawks
B
Baalbec, 15
Babelmandeb Strait, 15
Bactria, Pers. the east country
Badajos, corrupt. from Lat. Pax Augusta
Baden, 15
Baffin’s Bay, named in honour of the discoverer
Bagdad, 16
Bahar, corrupt. from Vihar, a Buddhist monastery
Bahia, Port. the bay, 16
Bahr-el-Abiad, 17
Bahrein, 17
Baikal, the rich sea
Baireuth, 162
Bakewell, 162
Bakhtchisarai, the palace of the gardens
Bala (river head), in Wales
Balachulish, 17
Balaclava, 21
Bala-Ghauts, 18
Bala-hissar, 18
Balasore, 18.
Balbriggan, Brecan’s bridge
Balearic Isles, because their inhabitants were skilful in the use of the sling (Balla, Grk. to throw)
Balfour, 17
Balkan, 18
Balkh, 18
Ballantrae, the dwelling on the sea-shore, 196
Ballater, 125
Ballina, corrupt. from Bel-atha, ford mouth, 21
Ballingry, the town of the king—v. BAILE
Note.—For Scotch or Irish names beginning with bal or bally, v. BAILE or BEAL, pp. 17 and 21
Ballintra, 196
Balloch, 22
Ballycastle, castle-town—v. 17
Ballymena, 17
Ballymoney, 17
Ballyshannon, 22
Balmaghie, 18
Balmaklellan, the town of the Maclellans, 18
Balmerino, 17
Balmoral, 17
Balquhidder, the town at the back of the country
Balta and Baltia, the country of the belts or straits, the ancient name of Scandinavia, 18
Banbury, 35
Banchory, the fair valley
Banchory-Devenick and Banchory-Ternan, named in honour of two saints who lived there
Banda-Oriental, the eastern bank of the Rio-de-la-Plata
Banff, 34
Bangor, 23
Banjarmassin, from bender, a harbour, and masing, usual, or from banjer, water, and massin, salt
Banks Islands and Banks Land, named in honour of Sir Joseph Banks
Bantry, Ir. Beantraighe, i.e. belonging to the descendants of Beann, of the royal race of Ulster
Barbadoes, Port. the island of pines
Barbary, the country of the Berbers
Barbuda, the island of the bearded men, so named by the Portuguese
Barcelona, named from Hamilcar Barca, who founded it
Bardhwan, Pers. the thriving place
Bardsey, 72
Barfleur, 81
Bar-le-Duc, 19
Barnstaple, 152
Barrow, 19
Barrow Strait, named in honour of Sir John Barrow
Barton, 194
Basque Provinces, from bassoco, a mountaineer, or, according to Humboldt, from basoa, a forest
Bass Strait, named after Bass, a navigator
Basse Terre, low land
Bassora, or Bozra, the fortress
Batavia, 108
Bath, 16
Battersea, 71
Battle and Buittle, 27
Bautzen, 33
Bavaria, the country of the Boii
Bayeux, named from the Bajoccas, a tribe
Bayonne, 17
Beachy Head, 19
Beauley and Beaulieu, 21
Beaumaris, 21
Beauvais, named from the Bellovacii
Bedford, 82
Bednore, 151
Beersheba, 20
Behring Strait, so named by Captain Cook in honour of Behring, a Russian navigator
Beinn, Ben, etc., a mountain, 22
Beira, Port. the river-bank
Beja, corrupt. from the Lat. Pax-Julia
Belfast, 22
Belgium, named from the Belgae
Belgrade, 21.
Belize, named after a person called Wallace
Bell Rock or Inch Cape, a reef of rocks south-east from Arbroath, so called from the lighthouse which was erected on it in 1811, previous to which the monks of Arbroath caused a bell to be suspended upon it so as to be rung by the waves, and thus give warning to mariners
Belleisle, 21
Bellie, the mouth of the ford
Belper, 21
Beluchistan, 182
Benares, named from the names of the two rivers on which it is situated
Bender, etc., 23
Beni, etc., 23
Benin, corrupt. from Lat. benignus, blessed
Berbice, at the mouth of the R. Berbice
Berdiansk, 176
Berg and its derivatives, 23
Bergamo, on a hill
Berhampore, 160
Berkeley, 25
Berkshire, 25
Berlin, perhaps from Sclav. berle, uncultivated ground, but uncertain
Bermudas Isles, named after the discoverer Juan Bermudez
Berriew, corrupt. from Aber-Rhiw, at the mouth of the R. Rhiw, in Wales, 3
Bervie, 112
Berwick, 209
Berwyn, 19
Beveland, 122
Beverley, 25
Bewdley, 21
Beyrout, 20
Bhagulpore, 160
Bhurtpore, 160
Bicester, corrupt. from Birincester, i.e. the fortress of Birin, Bishop of Gloucester
Bideford, by the ford
Biela-Tsorkov, white church
Bielgorod, white fortress
Bielorietzk, 176
Biggar, the soft land
Bilbao, under the hill
Bingley, the field of Bing, the original proprietor
Bir, 20
Birkdale, the birch valley
Birkenhead and Birkhampstead, 25
Birmingham, 99
Biscaya and Bay of Biscay, named from the Basques, which, according to Humboldt, means forest dwellers
Bishop-Auckland, so called from the number of oaks that grew here, and from the manor having belonged to the bishops of Durham
Black Sea, perhaps so called from its frequent storms and fogs. The Greeks called it Euxine, from euxinos, hospitable, disliking its original name, Axinos, inhospitable
Blaen and its derivatives, 26
Blair and its derivatives, 26
Blantyre, the warm retreat
Bodmin, 27
Bohemia, 100
Bois-le-Duc, the duke’s wood
Bokhara, the treasury of sciences, the chief town in a state of the same name
Bolivia, named after its liberator Bolivar
Bologna and Boulogne, named from the Boii
Bombay, named after an Indian goddess Bombé, but translated by the Portuguese into Bom-bahia, good bay
Bordeaux, 9
Bornholm, 127
Borovsk, 28
Borrowstounness, 145
Bosphorus, Grk. the passage of the bull
Bourges, named from the Bituriges
Brabant, 18
Bramapootra R., the offspring of Brahma
Brazil, named from the colour of its dye-woods, braza, Port. a live coal
Breadalbane, 29
Brecknock, the hill of Brecon or Brychan, a Welsh prince
Breda, 29
Breslaw, named after King Vratis-law
Breton, Cape, discovered by mariners from Brittany
Bridgenorth, 31
Bridgewater, 31
Brieg, 29
Brighton, corrupt. from Brighthelmston, from a personal name
Bristol, 183
Britain: the Cym.-Cel. root brith, to paint, is supposed by some to be the root of the word; the British poets called it Inis gwyn, white island, which answers to the Roman name Albion
Brixton, 31
Brodick, 209
Brody, 30
Brooklyn, in New York, Dutch, the broken-up land
Bruges, 31
Brunswick, 172
Brussels, 30
Brzesce-Litewski, 28
Bucharest, the city of enjoyment
Buckingham, a tribe name, or the dwelling among beeches, 33
Buda, 33
Budweis, 33
Buenos-Ayres, 28
Builth, 8
Bungay, 95
Burgos, 36
Burslem, Burward’s dwelling in the clayey soil, leim
Bury, 34
Bushire, 174
Bute, 33
Buttermere, 136
Buxton, 33
C
Cabeza-del-Buey, 117
Cabrach, the timber-moss, a parish in Co. Banff
Cader-Idris, the chair of Idris, in Wales
Cadiz, 86
Cahors, named from the Cadurci
Cairo, Ar. Al-kahirah, the victorious
Calahorra, 114
Calais, 39
Calatayud, 114
Calcutta, 88
California is supposed to have taken its name from an old romance, in which this name was given to an imaginary island filled with gold, and Cortes applied the name to the whole district
Callander, the corner of the water—v. DUR
The Calf of Man. The word calf was frequently used by the Norsemen for a smaller object in relation to a larger—i.e. the small island off Man
Calvados, named from one of the vessels of the Spanish Armada, wrecked on the coast of France
Cambay, anc. Khumbavati, the city of the pillar
Cambuskenneth, 39
Canada, Ind. Kannahta, a collection of huts
Candahar, named after Alexander the Great
Candia, Ar. Khandæ, the trench island
Cannes, 40
Cannoch, i.e. cann, bright, and oich, water, the ancient name of the spot on which Conway Castle stands
Canopus was called by the Egyptians the city of Kneph, a god
Cantal, the head of the rock, 41
Canton, i.e. Kwang Chou, the metropolis
Cantyre or Kintyre, 45
Capri and Caprera, the islands of wild goats
Cardigan, named after its ancient king Ceredig, and is therefore corrupted from Ceredigion
Carew, 38
Carlingford, 39
Carlisle, 38
Carlow, 129
Carlscroone, 118
Carlshamm, Charles’s haven, 97
Carluke, 39
Carmel, Heb. the fruitful field
Carmichael, 39
Carnac, 41
Carnatic, named from the Carnates, a tribe
Carniola, 41
Carolina, U.S., named after Charles II.
Caroline Isles, named after Carlos II. of Spain
Carpathian Mountains, from Chrabat, a mountain range
Carrantuohill, Ir. the reversed reaping-hook, the highest mountain in Ireland
Carthage, 86
Carthagena, 86
Casale, 42
Cashel, 42
Caspian Sea, named from the Caspii, a tribe
Cassel, 42
Castile, 42
Catania, Phœn. the little city
Cattegat, 88
Caucasus, 147
Cavan, 44
Caxamarca in Peru, the place of frost
Cefalu, 46
Cephalonia, 46
Cerigo, anc. Cythera, the harp-shaped
Cerro—v. SIERRA
Cevennes, 46
Ceylon, 65
Chambery, the bend of the water, on the R. Leysse, in France
Chamouni, 40
Champlain, named from the Governor-General of Canada in the seventeenth century
Charles Cape, named after Baby Charles in the reign of James I.
Charlestown, named after Charles II.
Chatham, 55
Chaumont, 39
Chelsea, 46
Chemnitz, 114
Chepstow, 47
Chester, 43
Cheviot Hills, 46
Chilham, 99
Chiltern Hills, 11
China, probably named from the dynasty of Thsin in the third century B.C.
Chippenham, 47
Chiusa, 116
Christchurch, in Hants, anc. Twinam-burne, between two streams, and afterwards named from a church and priory founded by the W. Saxons in the reign of Edward the Confessor
Christiana, named after Christian IV. of Sweden
Ciudad, 49
Civita-Vecchia, 49
Clackmannan, 49
Clameny, 109
Clare Co., 50
Cleveland, 50
Cleves, 50
Clifton, 50
Clitheroe, 50
Clogheen, 49
Clonakilty, 50
Clones, 50
Clontarf, 50
Closeburn, 48
Cloyne, 50
Coblentz, 54
Cochin, kochi, a morass
Cockburnspath, in Berwickshire, corrupt. from Colbrand’s Path
Cognac, the corner of the water
Coire or Chur, 56
Colberg, 31
Coleraine, 58
Colmar, Lat. Collis-Martis, the hill of Mars
Colombo, corrupt. from Kalan-Totta, the ferry on the Kalawa Ganga
Colonna, Cape, 117
Como, Lake, 54
Comorin, Cape, named from a temple to the goddess Durga
Compostella, Santiago de, corrupt. from Sanctus Jacobus Apostolus, so called from a legend that the Apostle James was buried there
Comrie, at the confluence of three rivers, in Perthshire, 53
Condé, 33
Congleton, 33
Connaught, anc. Conaicht, the territory of the descendants of Conn of the hundred battles
Connecticut, Ind. Qunnitukut, the country on the long river
Connemara, 144
Constance, Lake, 172
Copeland Isle, 47
Copenhagen, 47
Corbridge, 56
Cork, 54
Cornwall, 54
Coromandel, corrupt. from Cholomandala, the district of the Cholas, a tribe
Corrientes, Span. the currents
Corryvreckan, 52
Corsica, the woody
Corunna, corrupt. from Columna, the pillars, in allusion to a tower of Hercules
Cosenza, Lat. Cosentia, the confluence
Cotswold Hills, 52
Cottian Alps, named after a Celtic chief
Coutance and Cotantin, named after the Emperor Constantius
Coventry, 196
Cowal, in Ayrshire, named after King Coill
Cowes, 45
Cracow, the town of Krak, Duke of Poland
Cramond, 38
Crathie, 56
Cremona, anc. Cremonensis-ager, the field named from a tribe
Crewe, 56
Crewkerne, 56
Crieff, Gael. Craobh, a tree
Croagh-Patrick, 56
Croatia, 109
Cromar, the heart of Mar, a district in Aberdeenshire
Cronstadt, 118
Croydon, 70
CRUG, as prefix, 58
Cuença, Lat. concha, a shell
Cueva-de-Vera, 45
Culebra R., the snake river
Cumberland, 122
Cumbernauld, 53
Cumbraes Isles and Cumbrian Mountains, named after the Cymbri
Cundinamarca, named after an Indian goddess
Curaçoa, named from a kind of bird
Currie, 56
Cuzeo, the centre, in Peru
CWM, as prefix—v. 53, at COMBE
Cyclades Isles, Grk. kuklos, a circle
Cyprus, perhaps named from the herb kupros, with which it abounded, called by the Greeks Cerastes, the horned
Czernowitz, Sclav. black town
D
Dacca, Sansc. Da-akka, the hidden goddess, from a statue of Durga found there
Dantzic, Danish fort, 61
Daventry, 196
Daviot, 6
Dax, 9
Deal, 59
Deccan, Sansc. Dakshina, the south land
Delft, 62
Delhi, Sansc. dahal, a quagmire
Denbigh, 64
Denmark, 134
Deptford, 54
Derbend, the shut-up gates or the difficult pass
Derry or Londonderry, 61
Derwent R., 70
Desaguadero R., Span. the drain
Detmold, 64
Détroit, the strait between Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie
Devizes, anc. de vies, denoting a place where two ways met
Devonshire, 64
Dhawalagiri Mountain, 90
Dieppe, 54
Digne, 64
Dijon, 69
Dinan and Dinant, 54
Dingle, 58
Dingwall, 190
Dinkelsbuhl, 33
Dmitrov, the town of St. Demetrius
Dnieper R., i.e. Don-ieper, upper river
Dniester, Don-iester, lower river Don
Doab, 2
Dole, 59
Dolgelly, 60
Dominica Isle, so named because discovered on Sunday, i.e. Dies Dominica
Donagh, as prefix, 65
Dondra Head, 65
Donegall, 69
Donnybrook, 65
Doon R., 14
Dorchester, 44
Dorking, 70
Dornoch, 66
Dorset, 173
Dort or Dordrecht, 66
Douglas, 91
Douro R., 70
Dover, anc. Dubris, or anc. Brit. Dufy-rraha
Dovrefield Mountains, 78
Downpatrick, 68
Downs, The, 69
Drachenfels, 78
Drenthe, 18
Dresden, Sclav. Drezany, the haven
Dreux, named from the Durocasses
Drogheda, 66
Drohobicz, Sclav. the woody place
Droitwich, 209
Dromore, 67
Drontheim, 99
Dryburgh, 62
Dubicza, 68
Dublin, 126
Dubro, 57
Dumbarton, 68
Dumfries, 68
Dungeness, 145
Dunkirk, 70
Dunluce, 128
Dunse, now Duns, 70
Dunstable, 182
Durham, 106
Durrow, 62
Dynevor, 64
Dyrrachium, Grk. the place with the dangerous breakers, Dus and rachia
Dysart, 63
E
Eaglesham, church hamlet
Ecclefechan, the church of St. Fechan
Eccleshall, 72
Ecija, 12
Ecuador, i.e. on the equator
Edessa, 73
Edfou, corrupt. from Atbo, the Coptic synonym for Hut, the throne of Horus
Edinburgh, 68
Edom, the red land
Egripo or Negropont, 159
Ehrenbreitstein, 181
Eichstadt, Ger. oak town
Eiger, the giant, in Switzerland
Eisenach, 74
Eisenberg, 74
Elbing, named from the river on which it stands
Elbœuf, 37
Elché, 109
Elgin, named after Helgyn, a Norwegian chief, about A.D. 927
Elimo or Elath, the trees
Elizabeth, county in New York, named from the daughter of James I.
Elizabethgrad, 94
Elmina, Ar. the mine
Elphin, Ir. Aill-finn, the rock of the clear spring
Elsinore, 150
Elster R., the alder-tree stream
Elstow, 183
Elvas, anc. Alba, Basque, the place on the steep hill, alboa
Ely, 71
Emden, 69
Empoli, corrupt. from the Lat. emporium, the market-place
Enkhuizen, 75
Ennis, 111
Enniskillen, 111
Eperies, Hung. the place of strawberries
Eperney, anc. aquæ-perennes, the ever-flowing water
Epinal, 177
Epping, 110
Epsom, 99
Erekli, anc. Heraclea
Erfurt, 83
Erith, 105
Erivan, Pers. Rewan, named after its founder
Erlangen, 75
Erlaw, 75
Errigal, Ir. Airegal, a small church
Erzeroom, corrupt. from Arz-er-Room, the fortress of the Romans
Eschwege, ash-tree road
Eschweiller, 6
ESGAIR—v. SKAFR, 175
Esk R., 198
Essek or Ossick, 211
Essex, 151
Estepa, 12
Estepona, 12
Esthonia, the district of the people of the East
Estremadura, Lat. Estrema-Durii, the extreme limits of the R. Douro
Etna, corrupt. from attuna, the furnace
Eton, 71
Eubœa, the well-tilled land
Euho or Yuho R., 105
Euphrates R., the fruitful, Ar. Furat, sweet water
Europe, Grk. euros and ops, the broad face
Euxine, Grk. the hospitable, formerly axinos the inhospitable sea
Evesham, 76
Evora, the ford, in Spain
Evreux, 9
Exeter, 44
F
Faenza, Lat. Faventia, the favoured
Fair Head and Fair Island, from farr, Scand. a sheep
Falaise, 78
Falkirk, 116
Famars, 77
Fano, 76
Fareham, 76
Farnham, 79
Faroe Islands, 71
Faulhorn, 108
Fazal, the beech-tree island, in the Azores
Femern, 11
Fermanagh, Ir. the men of Monagh
Fermoy, the men of the plain
Fernando Po, named after the discoverer
Ferney, 77
Ferns, 77
Ferrara, 84
Ferriby, 76
Ferrol, Span. farol, the beacon
Fetlar Isle, 72
Fez, Ar. fertile
Fife, said to be named from Feb, a Pictish chief
Figueras, Span. the fig-trees
Finisterre, Cape, and district, 190
Finster-Aar-horn, 107
Fintray and Fintry, 196
Fishguard, 87
Fiume, 81
Flamborough Head, anc. Fleamburgh, the flame hill or beacon hill
Flèche, La, named from the lofty spire of the church of St. Thomas
Fleetwood, 81
Flintshire, supposed to have derived its name from the abundance of quartz in the country
Flisk, the moist place, Gael. fleasg
Florence, Lat. Florentia, the flourishing
Florida, called by the Spaniards Pascua-Florida because discovered on Easter Sunday
Flushing, 81
Fochabers, Gael. Faichaber, the plain of the confluence, but more anciently Beulath, the mouth of the ford
Foldvar, 81
Folkstone, the people’s fortress, Lat. Lapis-populi
Fondi, 81
Fontenay, 81
Fontenoy, 81
Fordyce, the south pasture
Forfar, supposed to have been named from a tribe, the Forestii
Forli, 83
Formentara, abounding in grain
Formosa, Span. the beautiful
Forth R., Scot. Froch, and Welsh Werid
Fossano, 81
Frankenstein, 181
Frankfort, 83
Frankfürt, 83
Fraubrunnen, 32
Frederickshald, 98
Freiburg, 84
Friesland, 122
Frische Haff, 97
Friuli, 84
Fuentarrabia, 82
Fühnen Isle or Odensey, 71
Fulham, 100
Funchal, a place abounding in funcho, Port. fennel
Fürth, 83
G
Gainsborough, the town of the Ganii, a tribe
Galapago Isles, Span. the islands of the water tortoises
Galashiels, 170
Galatia, 108
Galicia, 108
Galilee, Heb. a district
Galle, Point de, Cingalese, the rock promontory, galle
Galway, named from Gaillimh, rocky river, 86
Ganges R., 86
Garioch, 86
Garonne R., 86
Gateshead, 40
Gaza, Ar. a treasury
Gebirge—v. BERG, 24
Genappe, 89
Geneva, 89
Genoa, 90
Georgia, named after George III.
Ghauts Mountains, 88
Ghent, 89
Giant’s Causeway, 49
Gibraltar, 89
Giessbach, the rushing brook
Girgeh, St. George’s town, on the Nile
Girvan R., the short stream
Giurgevo, St. George’s town
Glamorgan, Welsh Morganwg, i.e. Gwlad-Morgan, the territory of Morgan-Mawr, its king in the tenth century, 143
Glarus, corrupt. from St. Hilarius, to whom the church was dedicated
Glogau, 92
Gloucester, 44
Gmünd, 89
Goat Fell, 78
Godalming, Godhelm’s meadow, in Surrey
Goes or Ter-Goes, at the R. Gosa
Gollnitz and Gollnow, 92
Goole, 86
Goritz, 93
Gorlitz, 93
Goslar, 122
Göttingen, a patronymic
Gouda, on the R. Gouwe
Gower, Welsh Gwyr, a peninsula in Wales, sloping west from Swansea—it may signify the land of the sunset
Grabow, 93
Gradentz, 94
Gran, on the R. Gran
Grasmere, the lake of swine
Gratz, 94
Gravelines, 93
Gravesend, 93
Greenland, 95
Greenlaw, 123
Greenock, 94
Greenwich, 209
Grenoble, 158
Gretna Green, 102
Grisnez, Cape, gray cape, 145
Grisons, Ger. Graubünden, the gray league, so called from the dress worn by the Unionists in 1424
Grodno, 94
Grongar—v. CAER, 38
Gröningen, a patronymic
Grossenhain, 97
Guadalquivir, 95
Guadiana, 95
Güben, Sclav. dove town
Gueret, Fr. land for tillage
Guienne, corrupt. from Aquitania
Gustrow, Sclav. guest town
Gwasanau, corrupt. from Hosannah, a place in North Wales. The name was given in allusion to the Victoria-Alleluiatica, fought on the spot in 420, between the Britons, headed by the Germans, and the Picts and Scots
H
Haarlem, 96
Hadersleben, 124
Haemus Mountain, 18
Hague, The, 97
Haguenau, 97
Hainan, Chinese, south of the sea, corrupt. from Hai Lam
Hainault, 88
Halicarnassus, Grk. Halikarnassos, sea horn place
Halifax, 103
Halifax, Nova Scotia, named for the Earl of Halifax
Hall and Halle, 98
Hamburg, 97
Hameln, 99
Hammerfest, 100
Hampstead, 98
Hankau or Hankow, the mouth of commerce, a city in China
Hanover, 150
Harbottle, 27
Harrogate, 88
Hartlepool, 158
Hartz Mountains, 101
Harwich, 100
Haselt, 101
Hastings, A.S. Haestinga-ceaster, the camp of Hastings, a Danish pirate
Havana, the harbour
Havre, Le, 97
Hawarden, Welsh, upon the hill
Hawes, 97
Heboken, Ind. the smoked pipe, the spot in New Jersey at which the English settlers smoked the pipe of peace with the Indian chiefs
Hechingen, a patronymic.
Hedjas, the land of pilgrimage
Heidelberg, 24
Heilbron, 32
Heiligenstadt, 103
Heligoland, 103
Helvellyn, if Celtic, perhaps El-velin, the hill of Baal
Hems, probably named from Hms, the Egyptian name of Isis
Henly, Cym.-Cel. old place
Herat, anc. Aria-Civitas, the town on the Arius, now the R. Heri
Hereford, 82
Hermon, the lofty peak
Herstal, 180
Hesse, named from the Catti or Chatti
Himalaya Mountains, 123
Hinckley, the horse’s meadow
Hindostan, 181
Hindu Koosh Mountains, i.e. the Indian Caucasus
Hinojosa, Span. the place of fennel
Hirschberg, 105
Hitchen, 100
Hoang Ho, 105
Hobart Town, named after one of the first settlers
Hohenlinden, 106
Holland, 106
Holstein, 174
Holt, 107
Holyhead, 103
Holy Island, 103
Holywell, 103
Holywood, 103
Homburg, 105
Honduras, Span. deep water
Hong Kong, the place of fragrant streams
Hoorn, 107
Hor, the mountain
Horeb, the desert
Horn, Cape, 107
Horncastle, 107
Horsham, 99
Howden, 102
Howth Head, 102
Hudson R., named after Henry Hudson, who ascended the river A.D. 1607
Huelva, Basque Onoba, at the foot of the hill; and Ar. Wuebban, corrupt. to Huelva
Huesca, anc. Osca, the town of the Basques or Euscs
Hull, 117
Hungary, Ger. Ungarn, the country of the Huns; Hung. Magyar-Orzag, the country of the Magyars
Huntingdon, hunter’s hill, or a patronymic
Hurdwar, 70
Huron, Lake, from a tribe
Hurryhur, named from the goddess Hari or Vishnu
Hurst, 101
Hythe, 105
I
Ilfracombe, 54
Illinois, named after the tribe Illini, i.e. the men; and ois, a tribe
Imaus, the snowy mountain
Inch—v. INNIS, 111
Ingleborough Mountain, 24
Inkermann, Turc. the place of caverns
Innerleithen, 112
Innsbrück, at the bridge, on the R. Inn
Interlachen, 119
Inverness, 112
Iona or I, 108
Iowa, the drowsy ones, a tribe name, U.S.
Ipswich, 209
Ireland or Ierne, 108
Irkutsk, 176
Irrawädi, the great river
Iscanderoon, named after Alexander the Great
Iserlohn, 130
Isla, in the Hebrides, named after Yula, a Danish princess who was buried there
Ispahan, Pers. the place of horses
Issoire, 70
Issoudun, 69
Ithaca, the strait or steep
J
Jabalon R., 112
Jaffa or Joppa, Semitic, beauty
Jamaica, corrupt. from Xaymaca, the land of wood and water
Jamboli, Sclav. the city in the hollow
Janina, Sclav. John’s town
Jaroslav, named after its founder
Jassy, Sclav. the marshy place
Jauer, 113
Java, 65
Jersey, 71
Jersey, in U.S., so named by Sir George Carteret, who had come from the Island of Jersey
Jerusalem, Semitic, the abode of peace
Joinville, 201
Joppa—v. Jaffa, the beautiful
Jouare, anc. Ara-Jovis, the altar of Jove
Juggernaut, or more correctly Jagganatha, the Lord of the world—jacat, Sansc. the world, and natha, Lord
Juliers, 109
Jumna R., named after Yamuna, a goddess
Jungfrau Mountain, Ger. the maiden or the fair one, so called from its spotless white
Jura Isle, Scand. Deor-oe, deer island
Jüterbogk, named for the Sclav. god of spring
Jutland, named from the Jutes
K
Kaffraria, Ar. the land of the Kafirs or unbelievers
Kaisarizeh, the mod. name of anc. Cæsarea
Kaiserlautern, 113
Kalgan, Tartar, the gate, a town in China
Kampen, 35
Kandy, splendour
Kansas, a tribe name
Karlsbad, 16
Keith, Gael. the cloudy, from ceath, a cloud or mist
Kel and Kil—v. COILL or CILL
Kells, 48
Kelso, 38
Kempen, 40
Ken—v. CEANN
Kendal, 60
Kenmare, 46
Kensington, the town of the Kensings
Kent, 45
Kentucky, the dark and bloody ground
Kerry Co., Ir. Ciarraidhe, the district of the race of Ciar
Kettering, a patronymic
Kew, 107
Khartoum, the promontory
Khelat, 114
Kin—v. CEANN
Kinghorn, 45
Kingsclere, 5
King’s Co., named after Philip II. of Spain
Kingston, 147
Kingussie, 45
Kirkillisia, the forty churches in Turkey
Kirkintilloch, 38
Kirkwall, 115
Kishon R., i.e. the tortuous stream
Kissengen, a patronymic
Klagenfurt, 84
Knock—v. CNOC
Königgratz, the king’s fortress
Kordofan, the white land
Koros R., Hung, the red river
Koslin, 118
Kothendorf, 47
Kralowitz, 118
Kraszna R., beautiful river
Kremenetz, 118
Kremnitz, 118
Krishna or Kistna R., the black stream, in India
Kronstadt, 118
Kulm, 47
Kyle—v. CAOL
L
La Hogue, Cape, 102
Laaland Isle, 119
Labuan Isle, Malay, the anchorage
Laccadives, 65
Laconia, 120
Ladrone Isles, Span. the islands of thieves
Lagnieu, 120
Lagos, 120
Laguna, 120
Lahr, 123
Lambeth, 105
Lambride, 121
Lamlash, 120
Lampeter, 121
Lamsaki, anc. Lampsacus, the passage
Lanark, 121
Land’s End—v. PEN
Landerneau, 121
Langres, anc. Langone, named from the Lingones, a tribe
Languedoc, named from the use of the word oc, for yes, in their language, i.e. Langue-d’oc
Lannion, 121
Laon, 130
Larbert, named from a man of this name
Largo, 124
Largs, 124
Larissa, named after a daughter of Pelasgus
Lassa, the land of the Divine intelligence, the capital of Thibet
Latakia, corrupt. from anc. Laodicea
Latheron, 103
Lauder, named from the R. Leader
Lauffen, 123
Launceston, 121
Laval, anc. Vallis-Guidonis, the valley of Guido
Lawrence R., so named because discovered on St. Laurence’s Day, 1535
Laybach or Laubach, 15
Leam R., 125
Leamington, 125
Lebanon Mountain, 89
Leeds, 125
Leibnitz, 124
Leighlin, 91
Leighton-Buzzard, 21
Leinster, 183
Leipzig, 128
Leith, named from the river at whose mouth it stands
Leitrim, 67
Lemberg, 24
Leobschütz, the place of the Leubuzi, a Sclavonic tribe
Leominster, 130
Leon, anc. Legio, the station of the 7th Roman Legion
Lepanto, Gulf of, corrupt. from Naupactus, Grk. the ship station
Lerida, anc. Llerda, Basque, the town
Lesmahago, 128
Letterkenny, 125
Leuchars, the marshy land
Levant, Lat. the place of the sun-rising, as seen from Italy
Leven R., 124
Lewes, Les ewes, the waters
Lewis Island, Scand. Lyodhuus, the wharf
Leyden, 69
Liberia, the country of the free, colonised by emancipated slaves
Lichfield, 77
Lidkioping, 47
Liège, 125
Liegnitz, 130
Lifford, 25
Ligny, a patronymic
Lille, 111
Lilybaeum, Phœn. opposite Libya
Lima, corrupt. from Rimæ, the name of the river on which it stands and of a famous idol
Limbourg, 126
Limerick, corrupt. from Lomnech, a barren spot; lom, bare
Limoges, anc. Lemovicum, the dwelling of the Lemovici
Linares, Span. flax fields
Lincoln, 53
Lindesnaes, 126
Lindores, in Fife, probably a corruption of Lann-Tours, being the seat of an anc. Abbey of Tours, founded by David, Earl of Huntingdon
Linkioping, 47
Linlithgow, 127
Lisbellaw, 128
Lisbon, 104
Lisieux, in France, Lat. Noviomagus, the new field, subsequently named from the Lexovii
Liskeard, 128
Lissa, 125
Liverpool, 158
Livno, Livny, Livonia, named from the Liefs, a Ugrian tribe
Llanerch-y-medd, the place of honey, in Wales
Llanos, Span. the level plains
Lochaber, 3
Lockerby, 37
Lodi, anc. Laus-Pompeii
Logie, 120
Lombardy, the country of the Longobardi, so called from a kind of weapon which they used
London, 64
Londonderry, 61
Longford, 83
Longniddrie—v. LLAN, 122
Loop Head, 123
Lorca, 109
Loretto, named from Lauretta, a lady who gave the site for a chapel at that place
L’Orient, so named from an establishment of the East India Company at the place in 1666
Lorn, Gael. Labhrin, named after one of the Irish colonists from Dalriada
Lossie R., 1
Loughill, Ir. Leamchoil, the elm-wood
Louisiana, named after Louis XIV. of France
Louisville, 201
Louth, in Lincoln, named from the R. Ludd
Louth Co., Ir. Lugh Magh, the field of Lugh
Louvain, Ger. Löwen, the lion, named after a person called Leo
Lowestoft, 192
Lubeck, 128
Luben, 128
Lublin, 128
Lucca, anc. Luca—v. LUCUS
Lucena, Basque Lucea, the long town
Lucerne, named from a lighthouse or beacon, lucerna, formerly placed on a tower in the middle of the R. Rheus
Lucknow, corrupt. from the native name Laksneanauti, the fortunate
Ludlow, 123
Ludwigslust, 131
Lugano, 119
Lugo, 130
Lugos, 130
Lund, 131
Lurgan, Ir. the low ridge
Luxembourg, 131
Luxor, corrupt. from El-Kasur, the palaces
Lycus R., Grk. leukos
Lyme, in Kent, anc. Kainos-limen, Grk. the new haven
Lyme-Regis, on the R. Lyme
Lyons, 69
M
Macao, in China, where there was a temple sacred to an idol named Ama. The Portuguese made it Amagoa, the bay of Ama, corrupted first to Amacao and then to Macao
Madeira, Port. the woody island
Madras, 153
Madrid, anc. Majerit, origin unknown, but perhaps from Madarat, Ar. a city
Maelawr, from mael, Welsh, mart, and lawr, ground, a general name for places in Wales where trade could be carried on without any hindrance from diversity of races.—James’s Welsh Names of Places
Maestricht, 66
Magdala, Semitic, a watch-tower in Abyssinia
Magdala, in Saxe-Weimar, on the R. Midgel
Magor, corrupt. from Magwyr, Welsh, a ruin, the name of a railway station near Chepstow
Maidenhead, 105
Maidstone, 181
Main R., 132
Maine, in France, named from the Cenomani
Mainland, 132
Malabar Coast, or Malaywar, the hilly country
Malacca, named from the tree called Malacca
Malaga, Phœn. malac, salt, named from its trade in salt
Malakoff, named after a sailor of that name who established a public-house there
Maldives Islands, 65
Maldon, 69
Mallow, 132
Malpas, Fr. the difficult pass
Malta, Phœn. Melita, a place of refuge
Malvern, 139
Mancha, La, Span. a spot of ground covered with weeds
Manchester, 44
Manfredonia, named after Manfred, King of Naples, by whom it was built
Mangalore, named after an Indian deity
Mangerton Mountain, in Ireland, corrupt. from Mangartach, i.e. the mountain covered with mang, a long hairlike grass
Mans, Le, named after the Cenomani
Mansorah, in Egypt, the victorious
Mantinea, Grk. the place of the prophet or oracle, mantis
Mantua, 133
Manzanares, Span. the apple-tree orchard
Maracaybo, 143
Maranao, Span. a place overgrown with weeds
Marathon, a place abounding in fennel, marathos
Marazion, 84
Marburg, 134
March, 134
Marchena, the marshy land
Marengo, 136
Margarita, the island of pearls
Margate, 88
Marienwerder, 205
Marlow, Great, 136
Marmora, Sea of, named from an adjacent island, celebrated for its marble, marmor
Marnoch, Co. Banff, named from St. Marnoch
Maros R., 136
Maros-Vasarhely, 103
Marquesas Isles, named after Marquis Mendoza, Viceroy of Peru, who originated the voyage through which they were discovered
Marsala, 135
Maryland, named after the queen of Charles I.
Mathern, corrupt. from Merthyr, the martyr, the name of a church near Chepstow, built in memory of Fewdrig, King of Gwent, who died on its site as he was returning wounded from a battle against the Saxons
Mathravel, the land of apples, one of the ancient provinces into which Wales was divided
Matlock, 130
Mauritius, discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, visited by the Dutch in 1596, who named it after Prince Maurice of the Netherlands. From 1713 till 1810 it belonged to the French, who called it Isle of France
May Island, 132
Maynooth, 132
Mayo, the plain of yew-trees
Mazzara, Phœn. the castle
Mazzarino, the little castle
Mearns, corrupt. from Maghgkerkkin, the plain of Kerkin
Meaux, named from the Meldi
Mecklenburg, 137
Medellin, named after its founder, Metellus, the Roman consul
Medina, 135
Mediterranean Sea, 138
Meiningen, 132
Meissen, on the R. Meissa
Melbourne, named after Lord Melbourne in 1837
Meldrum, 67
Melrose, 139
Melun, 69
Memmingen, a patronymic
Memphis or Memphe, i.e. Ma-m-Phthah, the place of the Egyptian god Phthah
Menai Strait, anc. Sruth-monena
Menam, the mother of waters, a river of Siam
Mendip Hills, i.e. mune-duppe, rich in mines
Mentone, It. the chin, on a point of lead
Merida, Lat. Augusta Emerita, the town of the emeriti or veterans, founded by Emperor Augustus
Merioneth, named after Merion, a British saint
Merthyr-Tydvil, named after the daughter of an ancient British king
Meseritz, 138
Meshed, Ar. the mosque
Mesolonghi or Missolonghi, 119
Mesopotamia, 138
Metz, named from the Meomatrici, a tribe
Michigan Lake, Ind. great lake, or the weir, or fish-trap, from its shape
Middelburg, 138
Midhurst, 138
Miklos, 137
Milan, 115
Milton, 144
Minnesota R., the sky-coloured water
Miramichi, Ind. happy retreat
Mirgorod, 138
Mississippi R., Ind. the father of waters
Missouri, Ind. the muddy stream
Mitrovicz or Mitrovitz, 152
Mittau, named from Mita, a Sclav. deity
Modena, Lat. Mutina, the fortified place
Moffat, the foot of the moss
Mogadore, named after a saint whose tomb is on an island off the coast
Moguer, Ar. the caves
Mohawk R., named from a tribe
Moidart or Moydart, 132
Mola, It. the mound, anc. Turres-Juliani, the town of Julian
Mold, 142
Monaghan, Ir. Muneachain, a place abounding in little hills
Monaster, 138
Monasterevin, 138
Monda, 142
Mondego, 142
Monena, the river or sea of Mona
Monmouth, at the mouth of the Mynwy, i.e. the border river, from which it took its ancient name
Montgomery, 142
Montrose, 168
Moravia, 136
Morayshire, 119
Morbihan, 119
Morecambe Bay, 39
Morocco, the country of the Moors, 22
Morpeth, 143
Morven, 143
Morvern, 143
Moscow, 142
Moulins, 141
Mourne Mountains, 142
Moy, Moyne, 132
Muhlhausen, 141
Mull Island, 145
Münden, 140
Munich, 140
Munster, in Germany, 138
Munster, in Ireland, 138
Murcia, 134
Murviedro, 145
Muscat or Meschid, Ar. the tomb of a saint
Muthil, 143
Mysore, corrupt. from Mahesh-Asura, the name of a buffalo-headed monster, said to have been destroyed by the goddess Kali
N
Naas, Ir. a fair or place of meeting
Nablous, 158
Nagore, na-gara, Sansc. a city
Nagpore, 160
Nagy-Banja, 18
Nagy-Koros, 146
Nairn, on the R. Nairn, anc. Ainear-nan, east-flowing river
Nancy, 146
Nankin, Chinese, the southern capital
Nantes, 146
Nantwich, 146
Naples, 158
Narbonne, named from the Narbonenses
Naseby, the town on the cape
Nashville, named from Colonel Nash
Nassau, 146
Natal, Colony, so named because discovered on Christmas Day, Dies-natalis, by Vasco de Gama in 1498
Natchez, a tribe name
Naumburg, 148
Naupactus, the place of ships
Nauplia, a sea-port, from the Grk. naus, a ship, and pleos, full
Navan, Ir. n’Eamhain, literally the neck brooch, so named from a legend connected with the foundation of an ancient palace there
Navarre, 147
Naxos, the floating island
Naze, Cape, 145
Nebraska, Ind. the shallow river
Nedjed, Ar. the elevated country
Negropont, 159
Neilgherry Hills, 90
Nemours, the place of the sacred grove, nemus
Nenagh, 74
Ness, Loch and R., 73
Neston, 73
Netherlands, 147
Neusatz, 148
Neusohl, 148
Neuwied, 148
Nevada Mountains—v. SIERRA, 175
Nevers, anc. Nivernum and Noviodunum, the new fort or the R. Nièvre
Neviansk, on the R. Neva
Newark, 206
Newcastle, 43
Newport, 156
New Ross, 167
Newry, Ir. Iubhar-cinn-tragha, the yew-tree at the head of the strand
New York, named after the Duke of York, brother of Charles II.
Niagara, corrupt. from Oni-aw-ga-rah, the thunder of waters
Nicastro, new camp
Nicopoli, 158
Nijni Novgorod, 148
Nile R., native name Sihor, the blue, called by the Jews Nile, the stream
Nimeguen, 133
Nimes or Nismes, 147
Ningpo, the repose of the waves
Niphon Mount, the source of light
Nippissing, a tribe name
Nogent, 149
Noirmoutier, 138
Nola, 148
Nombre-de-dios, the name of God, a city of Mexico
Nörrkoping, 47
Northumberland, 149
Norway, 149
Nova Scotia, so named in concession to Sir William Alexander, a Scotsman, who settled there in the reign of James II. It was named Markland by its Norse discoverer, Eric the Red
Nova Zembla, 148
Noyon, anc. Noviodunum, the new fort
Nubia, Coptic, the land of gold
Nuneaton, the nun’s town, on the R. Ea, in Warwickshire, the seat of an ancient priory
Nurnberg, 24
Nyassa and Nyanza, the water
Nyborg, 148
Nyköping or Nykobing, 47
Nystadt, 148
O
Oakham, 5
Oban, Gael. the little bay
Ochill Hills, 198
Ochiltree, 198
Odensee, 71
Oeta Mount, sheep mountain
Ofen or Buda, 33
Ohio, beautiful river, called by the French La Belle rivière
Oldenburg, 7
Olekminsk, 176
Olympus Mountain, the shining
Omagh, Omeha, named from a tribe
Omsk, 176
Oosterhout, 107
Oporto, 156
Oppeln, the town on the R. Oppo
Oppido, Lat. Oppidum
Orange, anc. Arausione, the town on the R. Araise
Orange R. and Republic, named after Maurice, Prince of Orange
Oregon R., from the Span. organa, wild marjoram
Orellana R., named from its discoverer
Orissa, named from a tribe
Orkney Islands, 111
Orleans, corrupt. from Aurelianum, named after the Emperor Aurelian
Orme’s Head, Norse ormr, a serpent, from its shape
Ormskirk, 125
Orvieto, 199
Osborne, named after the Fitz-Osborne family
Oschatz, Sclav. Osada, the colony
Osimo, 199
Osnabrück, 31
Ossa Mountain, Grk. the watch-tower
Ostend, 74
Ostia, Lat. the place at the river’s mouth, Os
Oswestry, 57
Othrys, the mountain with the overhanging brow, Grk. othrus
Otranto, anc. Hydruntum, a place almost surrounded by water, ùdor, Grk.
Ottawa, a tribe name
Ottawa R., a tribe name
Oudenarde, 7
Oudh or Awadh, corrupt. from Ayodha, the invincible
Oulart, corrupt. from Abhalgort, Ir. apple field
Oundle, 60
Ouro-preto, 160
Ouse R., 198
Overyssel R., 150
Oviedo is said to have derived this name from the Rivers Ove and Divo. Its Latin name was Lucus-Asturum, the grove of the Asturians
Owyhee, the hot place
P
Paderborn, 32
Padstow, 183
Paestum, anc. Poseidonia, the city of Poseidon or Neptune
Palamcotta, 55
Palermo, corrupt. from Panormus, Grk. the spacious harbour
Palestine, the land of the Philistines, strangers; from Crete, who occupied merely a strip of the country on the coast, and yet gave their own name to the whole land
Palma, the palm-tree
Palmas, Lat. the palm-trees
Palmyra or Tadmor, the city of palms
Pampeluna or Pamplona, 158
Panama Bay, the bay of mud fish
Panjab or Punjaub, 2
Paraguay, 153
Parahyba, 153
Paramaribo, 144
Parapamisan Mountains, the flat-topped hills
Parchim, 153
Paris, 130
Parsonstown, named for Sir William Parsons, who received a grant of the land on which the town stands, with the adjoining estate, from James II. in 1670
Passau, 44
Patagonia, so called from the clumsy shoes of its native inhabitants
Patna, 153
Paunton, 159
Pays de Vaud, 200
Peebles, anc. Peblis, Cym.-Cel. the tents or sheds
Peel, 153
Peiho R., 105
Pe-king, Chinese, the northern capital
Pe-ling Mountains, the northern mountains
Pelion, the clayey mountains, pelos, Grk. clay
Pella, the stony
Pembroke, 30
Penicuik, 154
Pennsylvania, named after William Penn, whose son had obtained a grant of forest land in compensation for £16,000 which the king owed to his father
Pentland Hills, corrupt. from the Pictsland Hills
Penzance, 154
Perekop, the rampart
Perigord, named from the Petrocorii
Perm, anc. Biarmaland, the country of the Biarmi
Pernambuco, the mouth of hell, so called from the violent surf at the mouth of its harbour
Pernau, 126
Pershore, 130
Perth, 19
Perthddu, Welsh, the black brake or brushwood, in Wales
Perugia, 152
Peshawur, the advanced fortress
Pesth, 150
Peterhead, 112
Peterwarden, the fortress of Peter the Hermit
Petra, the stony
Petropaulovski, the port of Peter and Paul
Pforzheim, 135
Philadelphia, the town of brotherly love, in America
Philippi, named after Philip of Macedon
Philippine Isles, named after Philip II. of Spain
Philipstown, in Ireland, named after Philip, the husband of Queen Mary
Phocis, the place of seals
Phœnice, either the place of palms or the Phœnician settlement
Phœnix Park, in Dublin, 80
Piedmont, the foot of the mountain
Pietermaritzburg, named after two Boer leaders
Pillau, 153
Pisgah Mountain, the height
Pittenweem, 157
Pittsburg, named after William Pitt
Placentia, Lat. the pleasant place
Plassy, named from a grove of a certain kind of tree
Plattensee or Balaton, 173
Plenlimmon Mountain, Welsh, the mountain with five peaks
Plock, or Plotsk, 26
Ploermel, 157
Podgoricza, 157
Poictiers, named from the Pictones
Poland, Sclav. the level land
Polynesia, 112
Pomerania, 143
Pondicherri, Tamil, the new village
Pontoise, 159
Poole, 158
Popocatepetl Mountain, the smoking mountain
Portrush, 168
Portugal, 156
Potenza, Lat. Potentia, the powerful
Potsdam, 157
Powys, the name of an ancient district in North Wales, signifying a place of rest
Pozoblanco, 161
Prague, Sclav. Prako, the threshold
Prato-Vecchio, 160
Prenzlow, the town of Pribislav, a personal name
Presburg or Brezisburg, the town of Brazilaus
Prescot, 55
Presteign and Preston, 194
Privas, anc. Privatium Castra, the fortress not belonging to the state, but private property
Prossnitz, on the R. Prosna
Providence, in U.S., so named by Roger Williams, who was persecuted by the Puritan settlers in Massachusetts because he preached toleration in religion, and was obliged to take refuge at that place, to which, in gratitude to God, he gave this name
Prussia, the country of the Pruezi
Puebla, Span. a town or village
Puebla-de-los-Angelos, the town of the angels, so called from its fine climate
Puenta-de-la-Reyna, 159
Puerto, the harbour
Pulo-Penang, 161
Puozzuoli, 161
Puy-de-dome, 156
Pwlhelli, 159
Pyrenees Mountains, named either from the Basque pyrge, high, or from the Celtic pyr, a fir-tree
Pyrmont, 142
Q
Quang-se, the western province, in China
Quang-tung, the eastern province
Quatre-Bras, Fr. the four arms, i.e. at the meeting of four roads
Quebec, in Canada, named after Quebec in Brittany, the village on the point
Queensberry, 24
Queen’s County, named after Queen Mary
Queensferry, 76
Queensland and Queenstown, named after Queen Victoria
Quimper, 53
Quimper-lé, 53
Quita, the deep ravine
R
Radnorshire, 165
Radom and Radomka, named after the Sclav. deity Ratzi
Rajputana, 163
Ramgunga, 86
Ramnaggur, ram’s fort
Ramsgate, 88
Randers, 162
Raphoe, 163
Rapidan R., named after Queen Anne
Rappahannock R., Ind. the river of quick-rising waters
Rastadt, 163
Ratibor, 28
Ratisbon, Sclav. the fortress on the R. Regen, Ger. Regena Castra or Regensburg
Ravenna, 79
Rayne, Gael. raon, a plain, a parish in Aberdeenshire
Reading, a patronymic
Redruth, in Cornwall, in old deeds, Tre-Druith, the dwelling of the Druids
Reeth, on the stream, rith
Rega R., 164
Reichenbach, 15
Reichenhall, 98
Reigate, 88
Reims or Rheims, named for the Remi, a tribe
Remscheid, 171
Renaix, corrupt. from Hrodnace, the town of Hrodno
Renfrew, 162
Rennes, named from the Rhedoni, a tribe
Resht, Ar. headship
Resolven, Welsh Rhiw, Scotch maen, the brow of the stonehead, in Glamorganshire
Reculver, in Kent, corrupt. from Regoluion, the point against the waves
Retford, 166
Reutlingen, a patronymic
Revel, named from two small islands near the town, called reffe, the sand-banks
Reykiavik or Reikiavik, 209
Rhine R. and Rhone R., 164
Rhode Island, 74
Rhodes and Rosas, in Spain, named from the Rhodians, a Grecian tribe
Rhyddlan or Rhuddlan, Cym.-Cel. the red church
Rhyl, the cleft, a watering-place in North Wales
Rhymni, the marshy land, in Monmouthshire, on a river called the Rhymni, from the nature of the land through which it flows—v. Romney, at EA, 71
Riga, 126
Ringwood, in Hants, the wood of the Regni
Rio-de-Janeiro, 164
Ripon, 167
Ritzbuttel, 27
Rive-de-Gier, 166
Rivoli, 166
Rochdale, the valley of the R. Roche
Rochefort, 167
Rochelle, 167
Rochester, 167
Roermonde, 140
Romania or Roumilli, 109
Romans, anc. Romanum-Monasterium, the monastery of the Romans, founded by St. Bernard
Rome, perhaps named from the groma, or four cross roads that at the forum formed the nucleus of the city
Romorantin, 166
Roncesvalles, 200
Roque, La, Cape, the rock
Roscommon, 167
Roscrea, 167
Rosetta, anc. Ar. Rasched, headship
Ross, in Hereford, 165
Rossbach, the horse’s brook
Ross-shire, 168
Rothenburg, 165
Rotherham, 165
Rotherthurm, 165
Rothesay, the isle of Rother, the ancient name of Bute
Rotterdam, 60
Rouen, 133
Rousillon, named from the ancient town of Ruscino, a Roman colony
Roveredo, Lat. Roboretum, a place planted with oaks, in Tyrol
Row, in Dumbartonshire, from rubha, Gael. a promontory running into the sea
Roxburgh, 167
Ruabon, corrupt. from Rhiw-Mabon-Sant, the ascent of St. Mabon, in North Wales
Rudgeley or Rugely, 166
Rugen, named from the Rugii
Runcorn, 45
Runnymede, 132
Rushbrook and Rushford, 167
Russia, named from the Rossi, a tribe of Norsemen in the ninth century
Ruthin and Rhuddlan, 165
Rutland, 165
Rybinsk, 168
Ryde, 167
Ryswick, 168
S
Saale R., 169
Saarbrück, 31
Saar-Louis, 12
Sabor, 28
Sabor R., 28
Saffron Walden, 202
Sagan, Sclav. behind the road
Sahara, 176
Saida or Sidon, Semitic, fish town
Saintes, named from the Santones
Salamanca, 169
Salem, in U.S., intended by the Puritans to be a type of the New Jerusalem
Salford, 169
Salins, 169
Salisbury, 35
Salonica, corrupt. from Thessalonica
Salop, contracted from Sloppesbury, the Norman corruption of Scrobbesbury, the town among shrubs, now Shrewsbury—v. 34
Saltcoats, 55
Salzburg, 169
Samarcand, said to have been named after Alexander the Great
Samaria, the town of Shemir
Samos, Phœn. the lofty
Sandwich, 209
Sangerhausen—v. SANG
Sanquhar, 172
San Salvador, the Holy Saviour, the first land descried by Columbus, and therefore named by him from the Saviour, who had guarded him in so many perils
San Sebastian, the first Spanish colony founded in South America
Santa Cruz, 57
Santa Fé, the city of the holy faith, founded by Queen Isabella after the siege of Granada
Santander, named after St. Andrew
Saragossa, corrupt. from Cæsarea Augusta; its Basque name was Saluba, the sheep’s ford
Sarawak, Malay Sarakaw, the cove
Sarnow, 212
Saskatchewan, swift current, a river in British North America
Saul, in Gloucester—v. SALH, 169
Saul, Co. Down—v. SABHALL, 168
Saumur, anc. Salmurium, the walled building
Saxony, 170
Scala-nova, 39
Scalloway, 170
Scarborough, 175
Scawfell Mountain, 78
Schaffhausen, 102
Schemnitz, 114
Schichallion Mountain, Gael. Ti-chail-linn, the maiden’s pap
Schleswick, 209
Schmalkalden, 171
Schotturen, the Scotch Vienna, a colony of Scottish monks having settled there
Schreckhorn Mountain, 107
Schweidnitz, Sclav. the place of the cornel-tree
Schweinfurt, the ford of the Suevi
Schwerin, 172
Scilly Islands, the islands of the rock, siglio
Scinde, the country of the R. Indus or Sinde
Scratch meal Scar, in Cumberland—v. SKAER, 175
Scutari, in Albania, corrupt. from Scodra, hill town
Scutari, in Turkey, from Uskudar, Pers. a messenger, having been in remote periods, what it is to this day, a station for Asiatic couriers
Sebastopol, 158
Sedlitz, 174
Segovia, anc. Segubia, probably the plain on the river-bend; ce, a plain, and gubia, a bend
Selby, 173
Selinga, 173
Semipalatinsk, 152
Senlis, 173
Sens, named from the Senones
Seringapatam, 153
Settle, 173
Seville, Phœn. Sephala, a marshy plain
Sevres, named from the two rivers which traverse it, anc. Villa Savara
Shamo, Chinese, the desert
Shan—v. SEANN, 172
Shanghai, supreme court
Shansi, west of the mountain
Shantung, east of the mountain
Sherborne, 172
Shetland Islands, 104
Shields, 170
Shiraz, 174
Shirvan, said to have been named after Nieshirvan, a king of Persia
Shotover, corrupt. from Chateauvert, green castle
Shrewsbury—v. Salop
Sicily, named from the Siculi, a tribe
Sidlaw Hills, fairy hills—v. SIDH
Sidon—v. Saida, in Index.
Silesia, Sclav. Zlezia, the bad land
Silhet or Sirihat, the rich market
Silloth Bay, perhaps herring bay, sil, Norse, a herring, and lod, a bundle of fishing lines
Sion or Sitten, 174
Sion, Mount, the upraised
Skagen, Cape, 176
Skager-rack, 176
Skaw Cape, 176
Skipton, 176
Skye Island, Gael. Ealan-skianach, the winged island
Slamanan, 177
Sligo, named from the R. Sligeach, shelly water
Sluys, 171
Slyne Head, 46
Snäfell Mountain, 78
Snaith, 177
Snowdon Mountain, 70
Socotra, 65
Soissons, named from the Suessiones
Sokoto, the market-place
Soleure, corrupt. from St. Ours or Ursinus, to whom the church was dedicated
Solway Firth, according to Camden, was named from a small village in Scotland called Solam
Somerset, 173
Sommariva, the summit of the bank
Somogy, Hung. the place of cornel-trees
Sophia, Grk. wisdom, dedicated to the second person of the Trinity
Sorbonne, named from Robert de Sorbonne, almoner of St. Louis
Söst or Soest, 174
Soudan—v. BELED
Southampton, 194
Southwark, 206
Souvigny, 173
Spa, 82
Spalatro, 152
Sparta, Grk. the sowed land or the place of scattered houses
Spires or Speyer, named from the R. Speyerbach
Spitzbergen, 156
Spurn Head, the look-out cape, from spyrian, to look out
St. Alban’s Head, corrupt. from St. Aldhelm’s Head
St. Andrews, so named from a tradition that the bones of St. Andrew were brought to that place by St. Regulus: formerly called Mucros, the boar’s headland, and then Kilrymont, the church or cell of the king’s mount
St. Cloud for St. Hloddwald
St. David’s, in Wales, Welsh Ty-Ddewi—v. TY
St. Heliers for St. Hilarius
St. Omer for St. Awdomar
Stadel, etc., 179
Staffa, 180
Staines, 181
Stamboul, 158
Stanislaus, named after Stanislaus of Poland
Stantz, 181
Stargard, 182
Starodub, 182
Startpoint, 182
Stavropol, 158
Stellenbosch, 36
Stepney, 105
Stetten, Sclav. Zytyn, the place of green corn
Stirling, Cym.-Cel. Ystrevelyn, the town of the Easterlings, from Flanders
Stockholm, 106
Stockport, 184
Stockton, 184
Stoke, 183
Stolpe, 184
Stonehaven, 97
Stow-market, 183
Stradbally, 184
Stralsund, 185
Strasbourg, 184
Strehlitz, 184
Striegau or Cziska, Sclav. the place on the small stream, tschuga
Stulweissenburg—v. FEHER
Stuttgard, 87
Styria or Steyermark, the boundary of the R. Steyer
Sudetic Mountains, 185
Suez, the mouth or opening
Suffolk, 185
Sumatra, corrupt. from Trimatra, the happy
Sunderbunds, corrupt. from Sundari-vana, so called from the forest, vana, of Sundari-trees
Sunderland, 186
Surat, i.e. Su-rashta, the good country
Surrey, 164
Susa, a city of ancient Persia, so called from the lilies in its neighbourhood; susa, a lily
Sussex, 170
Sutherlandshire, 185
Sviatoi-nos, 146
Swan R., so named from the number of black swans seen by the first discoverer
Swansea, 71
Sweden, 164
Sydney, named after a governor of the colony
Syria—v. BELED, 20
Szent-kercsyt, 186
Szentes, for saint, 186
T
Tabriz, anc. Taurus, the mountain town
Tagus or Tejo R., Phœn. the fish river
Tain, 190
Takhtapul, the throne city, the seat of the Turkish Afghan government
Takht-i-Soliman, the throne of Solomon, being the highest of the Solomon Mountains
Talavera, 29
Tamsai, fresh water town, in China
Tananarivo, the city of one thousand towns, the capital of Madagascar
Tanderagee, Ir. Ton-legœith, the place with its back to the wind
Tanjier, Phœn. the city protected by God
Tanjore, corrupt. from Tanjavur, derived from its ancient name Tanja-Nagaram, the city of refuge
Tarazona, 199
Tarifa, named after a Moorish chief
Tarnopol, 187
Tarporley, 126
Tarragona, anc. Tarraco, Phœn. Tarchon, the citadel or palace
Tarsus, Phœn. the strong place
Tasmania, named after Abel Tasman, who discovered it in 1642. It was called Van Diemen’s Land in honour of the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company
Taurus Mountain, 196
Tavistock, 184
Tay R., 187
Tcherniz, 212
Teflis, 189
Teltown, Ir. Tailten, where Taillte, the daughter of the King of Spain, was buried
Temeswar, Hung. the fortress on the R. Temes
Temisconata, the wonder of water, a county and lake in Canada
Temple, a parish in Mid-Lothian, where there was an establishment for the Templars or Red Friars, founded by David I.
Tennessee R., the spoon-shaped river, so called from its curve
Tenterden, 62
Teramo, 14
Terni, 14
Terranova, 189
Texas, Ind. hunting ground
Tezcuco, Mexican, the place of detention
Thames R., 187
Thannheim, 187
Thapsus, the passage
Thaxsted, 180
Thebes, in Egypt, Taba, the capital
Thermia, Grk. the place of warm springs, in Sicily
Thermopylæ, the defile of the warm springs
Thian-shan, Chinese, the celestial mountains
Thian-shan-nan-loo, the country south of the celestial mountains
Thian-shan-pe-loo, the country north of the celestial mountains
Thibet, supposed to be a corrupt. of Thupo, the country of the Thou, a people who founded an empire there in the sixth century
This or Abou-This, i.e. the city of This, corrupted by the Greeks into Abydos
Thouars, 12
Thrace, Grk. the rough land, trachus
Thun, 69
Thurgau, 88
Thurles, 128
Thurso, 1
Tiber R., 192
Tideswell, 161
Tierra-del-Fuego, 189
Tillicoultry, 198
Tilsit or Tilzela, at the conf. of the R. Tilzele with the Memel
Tinnevelly, corrupt. from Trinavali, one of the names of Vishnu
Tinto Hill, 189
Tipperary, 192
Tiree Island, 189
Tiverton, 83
Tlascala, Mexican, the place of bread
Tobermory, 192
Tobolsk, 176
Todmorden, corrupt. from Todmare-dean, the valley of the foxes’ mere or marsh
Tomantoul, 192
Tomsk, 176
Tongres, 186
Tonquin, Chinese Tang-king, the eastern capital
Toome—v. TUAIM, 197
Töplitz, Neu and Alt
Torgau, 195
Torquay, 195
Torres Straits, named after one of Magalhaen’s lieutenants
Torres-Vedras, 195
Torquemada, 195
Tory Island, 195
Toul and Toulouse, 50
Toulon, anc. Telonium or Telo Martius, named after its founder
Tourcoing, 195
Tours, 196
Towie and Tough, parishes in Aberdeenshire, from Gael, tuath, the north
Trafalgar, 90
Tralee, 196
Tranent, 197
Transylvania, 173
Trapani, anc. Drapanum, the sickle, Grk. drepanon
Tras-os-Montes, 142
Traun R., 196
Traunik, 196
Traunviertel, 196
Trave R., 196
Trebizond, Grk. trapezus, the table, so called from its form
Trent, anc. Civitas-Tridentium, the town of the Tridenti
Trêves, named from the Treviri, a tribe
Trichinapalli, the town of the giant Trisira
Trim, at the elder-tree, 197
Trinidad, so named by Columbus from its three peaks, emblematic of the Holy Trinity
Tring, a patronymic
Tripoli, 158
Tripolitza, 158
Trolhätta Fall, Goth. the abyss of the trolls or demons
Trondhjem or Drontheim
Troon, 178
Troppau, i.e. Zur-Oppa, on the R. Oppa
Troyes, named from the Tricasses
Truro, 197
Truxillo, in Spain, corrupt. from Turris-Julii, Julius’s tower
Tuam, 197
Tubingen, anc. Diowingen, probably a patronymic
Tudela, anc. Tutela, the watch-tower
Tullamore, 197
Tulle, anc. Tutela, the watch-tower
Tullow, 197
Turin, anc. Augusta-Taurinorum, named from the Taurini, i.e. dwellers among hills
Tweed R., Brit. tuedd, a border
Tyndrum, 188
Tynron, 188
Tyre, 196
Tyrnau, on the R. Tyrnau
Tyrone, 189
Tzerna or Czerna R., 212
Tzernagora, 212
U
Udny, a parish in Aberdeenshire, i.e. Wodeney, from the Saxon god Woden
Uist, North and South, Scand. Vist, an abode
Uj-hely, Hung. new place
Ukraine, Sclav. the frontier or boundary
Ulleswater, 206
Ulm or Ulma, the place of elm-trees
Ulster, 183
Unst Island, anc. Ornyst, Scand. the eagle’s nest
Unyamuezi, the land of the moon
Upsala, 169
Ural Mountains and R., Tartar, the belt or girdle
Usedom, the Germanised form of Huzysch, Sclav. the place of learning
Usk R., 198
Utrecht, 66
V
Valais, 199
Valence, in France, and
Valencia, in Spain, anc. Valentia, the powerful
Valenciennes and Valenza, or Valence, said to have been named after the Emperor Valentinian
Valentia Island, in Ireland, Ir. Dearbhre, the oak wood
Valetta, in Malta, named after the Grand Master of the Knights of St. John in 1566
Valparaiso, 200
Van Diemen’s Land, named after Maria Van Diemen by Tasman
Vannes, named from the Veneti
Varna, Turc. the fortress
Varosvar, 200
Vasarhely, 103
Vaucluse, 200
Vaud, Pays de, 200
Velekaja R., 200
Vendée, La, and
Vendôme, named from the Veneti
Venezuela, little Venice, so called from an Indian village constructed on piles, discovered by the Spaniards
Venice, 79
Venloo, 79
Ventnor, 150
Ventry, 196
Verdun and Verden, 69
Vermont, green mountain
Vevey, anc. Vibiscum, on the R. Vip
Viborg, 201
Vick, 210
Vienna, Ger. Wien, on the R. Wien, an affluent of the Danube
Viesti, named from a temple dedicated to Vesta
Vigo, 209
Vimeira, Port. the place of osiers, vime
Vincennes, anc. Ad-Vicenas
Virginia, named after Queen Elizabeth
Vistula or Wisla, the west-flowing river
Vitré, corrupt. from Victoriacum, the victorious
Vitry, the victorious, founded by Francis I.
Vladimir, founded by the ducal family of that name in the twelfth century
Vogelberg, the hill of birds
Volga, the great water
Volhynia, Sclav. the plain
Voorburg, 84
Voralberg, i.e. in front of the Arlberg ridge
Vukovar, the fortress on the R. Vuka
W
Wakefield, 206
Walcherin Island, 204
Waldeck, 202
Walden, Saffron, 202
Wales, 203
Wallachia, 204
Wallendorf, 204
Wallenstadt, 204
Wallingford, 203
Walthamstow, 202
Ware, 207
Wareham, 207
Warminster, 207
Warrington, a patronymic
Warsaw, the fortified place—v. VAR
Warwick, 205
Waterford, 80
Waterloo, 130
Weimar, 134
Weissenfels, 207
Weistritz R., the swift, straight stream
Well—v. QUELLE
Welland R., the river into which the tide flows
Wellingborough, a patronymic
Wellington, a patronymic
Wells, 161
Welshpool, Welsh Trallwng, the quagmire
Wem, 198
Wemys, uamh, the cave
Werden, 205
Wesely, Hung. pleasant
Weser R., 1
Westeraas, 208
Westphalia, the western plain
Wetterhorn, 108
Wexford, 80
Whitby, 37
Whitehaven, 97
Whithorn, 11
Wiborg, 201
Wick, 209
Wicklow, 209
Wiesbaden, 16
Wigan, 201
Wight, Isle of, anc. Zuzo-yr-with, the island of the channel
Wigton, 201
Wiltshire, 173
Wimbleton, 193
Wimborne, 210
Winchester, 44
Windsor, 150
Wirksworth, 208
Wisbeach, the shore of the R. Ouse, uisge, water
Wisconsin, Ind. the wild rushing channel
Wismar, 210
Withey, 207
Wittenberg, 207
Wittstock, 210
Wladislawaw, the town of Wladislav
Wokingham, 5
Wolfenbuttel, 27
Wolga—v. Volga
Wolverhampton, 193
Woodstock, 210
Wooler, 211
Woolwich, 104
Worcester, anc. Huic-wara-ceaster, the camp of the Huieci
Worms, 133
Worm’s Head, the serpent’s head, ornr, from its form
Worthing, 211
Wrath, Cape, Scand. the cape of the hvarf, or turning
Wrietzen or Brietzen, Sclav. the place of birch-trees—v. BRASA
Wroxeter, anc. Uriconium
Wurtemberg, anc. Wrtinisberk, from a personal name
Wurtzburg, 212
Wycombe, 53
Wyoming Valley, corrupt. from Maugh-wauwame, Ind. the large plains
X
Xanthus R., Grk. the yellow river
Xeres de la Frontera, anc. Asta Regia Cæsariana, Cæsar’s royal fortress
Xeres de los Caballeros, Cæsar’s cavalry town
Y
Yakutsk, named from the Yakuts, a Tartar tribe
Yang-tse Kiang R., the son of the great water
Yarra, the ever-flowing, a river in Australia
Yeddo or Jeddo, river door
Yell, barren
Yemen, to the south or right
Yeni-Bazaar, 212
Yenisi R., 212
Yeovil, 201
York, 209
Youghal, anc. Eochaill, the yew wood
Ypres or Yperen, the dwelling on the Yperlea
Ysselmonde, 140
Yunnan, the cloudy south region, in China
Yvetot, 192
Yvoire, 9
Z
Zab R., 212
Zabern, 186
Zambor, Sclav. behind the wood
Zanguebar or Zanjistan, Pers. and Arab., the land of the Zangis and Bahr
Zaragossa—v. Saragossa
Zealand, in Denmark, Sjvelland, spirit land
Zealand, in Netherlands, land surrounded by the sea
Zeitz, named after Ciza, a Sclav. goddess
Zell or Cell, 48
Zerbst, belonging to the Wends, Sserbski
Zittau, the place of corn
Zug, anc. Tugium, named from the Tugeni, a tribe
Zurich, anc. Thiouricum, the town of the Thuricii, who built it after it had been destroyed by Attila
Zutphen, 79
Zuyder-Zee, 172
Zweibrücken, 31
Zwickau, the place of goats, Ger. Ziege
Zwolle, anc. Suole, Old Ger. Sval, at the swell of the water
THE END
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