INDEX

INDEX

The Roman Numerals refer to the introduction.

A.

Abenaquis

, where found,

xxii

; ask for a missionary,

321

.

Abraham, Plains of, whence the name,

335

note

.

Adoption of prisoners as members of the tribe,

lxvi

,

223

,

309

,

424

,

444

.

Adventures and sufferings of an Algonquin woman,

309

-

313

; of another,

313

-

316

.

Agnier, a name for the Mohawks,

xlviii

note

.

Aiguillon, Duchess d', founds a Hôtel-Dieu at Quebec,

181

.

Albany, formerly Rensselaerswyck, its condition in 1643,

229

.

Algonquins,

a comprehensive term,

xx

; regions occupied by them in 1535,

xx

; the designation, how applied,

ib. note

; found in New England,

xxi

; their relation to the Iroquois,

xxi

; numbers,

ib.

; Algonquin missions,

368

.

Allumette Island,

xxiv

,

45

; its true position,

46

.

Amikouas

, or People of the Beaver,

lxviii

note

; supposed descent from that animal,

ib.

Amusements of the Indians,

xxxvi

; the Jesuits require them to be abandoned,

136

.

Andacwandet

, a strange method of cure,

xlii

.

Andastes

, where found in the early times,

xx

,

xlvi

; fierce warriors,

xlvi

; identical with the Susquehannocks,

ib. note

; their aid sought by the Hurons,

341

; the result unsatisfactory,

344

seq.

; war with the Mohawks,

441

; assisted by the Swedes from Delaware River,

442

; repulse an attack of the Iroquois,

ib.

; a party of Andaste boys defeat the Senecas and Cayugas,

443

; finally subdued by the Senecas,

ib.

Aquanuscioni,

or Iroquois,

xlviii

note

.

Areskoui, the god of war,

lxxvii

; human sacrifices offered to him,

ib.

; a captive Iroquois sacrificed to him,

81

.

Armouchiquois,

a name applied to the Algonquins of New England,

xxi

; a strange account of them given by Champlain,

xxii

note

.

Arts of life, as practised by the Hurons,

xxxi

.

Assistaeronnons,

or Nation of Fire. See

Nation of Fire

.

Ataentsic,

a malignant deity; the moon,

lxxvi

.

Atahocan,

a dim conception of the Supreme Being,

lxxiv

.

Atotarho of the Onondagas,

liv

,

lvii

.

Attendants of the Jesuits,

112

note,

132

. See

Donnés.

Atticamegues,

xxiii

,

286

,

293

; attacked by the Iroquois,

420

.

Attigouantans.

See

Hurons.

Attiwandarons,

or Neutral Nation, why so called,

xliv

; their country,

ib.

; ferocious and cruel,

xlv

; licentious,

ib.;

their treatment of the dead,

ib.

See

Neutral Nation

.

B.

Baptism of dying men,

89

,

124

; clandestine, of infants,

96

,

97

,

116

,

117

; of an influential Huron,

112

; conditions of baptism,

134

; baptisms, number in a year,

136

note.

Birch-bark used instead of writing-paper,

130

.

Bourgeoys, Marguerite, her character,

201

; foundress of the school at Montreal,

202

.

Bradford, William, governor of Plymouth, kindly entertains the Jesuit Druilletes,

327

.

Brébeuf, Jean de, arrives at Quebec,

5

,

20

,

48

; commences his journey to the Huron country,

53

; suffers great fatigue by the way,

54

; his intrepidity,

54

note,

56

; arrives in the Huron country,

56

; his previous residence there,

ib.;

his misgivings as to his future treatment by the Indians,

57

note;

the Indians build a house for him,

59

; the house described,

60

; its furniture,

ib.;

Brébeuf witnesses the " Feast of the Dead,"

75

; witnesses a human sacrifice,

80

seq.;

his uncompromising manner,

90

; "the Ajax of the mission,"

99

; his dealings with beings from the invisible world,

108

; sees a great cross in the air,

109

,

144

; his courage,

120

; his letter in prospect of martyrdom,

122

; harangues the Hurons at a

festin d'adieu,

123

; commences a mission in the Neutral Nation,

143

; sees miraculous sights,

144

; at the Huron mission,

370

; taken by the Iroquois,

381

; his appalling fate,

388

; his intrepid character,

390

; his skull preserved to this day at Quebec,

391

; his visions and revelations,

392

note;

a saint and a hero,

ib.

Bressani, Joseph, attempts to go to the Hurons,

251

; taken by the Iroquois,

252

; terrible sufferings from his captors,

253

-

255

; his escape,

256

; at the Huron Mission,

370

.

Brulé, Étienne, murdered by the Hurons,

56

; the murder supposed to be avenged by a raging pestilence,

94

.

Bullion, Madame de, founds a hospital at Montreal,

266

.

Burning of captives alive, instances of,

xlv

note,

80

-

82

;

249

,

250

;

309

,

339

,

385

;

436

note,

439

,

441

note.

Buteux, Jacques, his toilsome journey,

421

; waylaid by the Iroquois and slain,

422

.

C.

Cannibalism of the Hurons,

xxxix

,

137

, of the Miamis,

xl

; other instances,

247

.

Canoes, Indian,

xxxi

.

Capuchins, unsuccessful attempt to introduce them into Canada,

159

note;

a station of them on the Penobscot,

322

.

Cayugas, one of the Five Nations,

xlviii

note,

liv

. See

Iroquois.

Cemeteries of Indians lately opened,

79

; description of them,

ib.

Chabanel, Noël, joins the mission,

105

; among the Hurons,

370

; recalled from St. Jean,

408

; his journey,

ib.;

murdered by a renegade Huron,

409

; his vow,

410

note.

Champfleur, commandant at Three Rivers,

277

,

285

.

Champlain, Samuel de, resumes command at Quebec,

20

; his explorations,

45

; introduces the missionaries to the Hurons,

48

; assists the missionaries at their departure,

50

; his death,

149

.

Chatelain, Pierre, joins the mission,

86

; his illness,

ib.;

his peril,

126

.

Chaumonot, Joseph Marie, his early life,

101

-

104

; his gratitude to the Virgin,

103

,

105

; becomes a Jesuit, and embarks for Canada,

105

,

181

; narrowly escapes death,

124

; goes with Brébeuf to convert the Neutrals,

142

; his extreme peril,

145

; saved by the interference of Saint Michael,

ib.;

among the Hurons,

370

; with a colony of Hurons, near Quebec,

431

; builds Lorette,

432

.

Choctaws, like the Iroquois, have eight clans,

lvi

note.

Clanship, system of,

l

-

lii

.

Clock of the Jesuits an object of wonder to the Hurons,

61

; an object of alarm,

115

.

Colonization, French and English, compared,

328

,

329

.

Condé, in his youth writes to Paul Le Jeune,

152

.

Conestogas. See

Andastes.

Converts, how made,

133

,

162

seq.

Couillard, a resident in Quebec,

3

,

334

,

335

.

Councils of the Iroquois, their power,

lvii

-

lx

.

Council, nocturnal, of the Hurons, relative to the epidemic in 1637,

118

.

Couture, Guillaume, a

donné

of the mission,

214

; a prisoner to the Iroquois,

216

; tortured by them,

216

,

223

; adopted by them,

223

; assists in negotiations for peace,

284

,

287

; returns with the Iroquois,

296

.

Crania of Indians compared with those of Caucasian races,

lxiii

.

Credulity and superstition of the Indians,

301

.

Crime, how punished,

lxi

.

Cruelties, Indian,

xlv

note,

80

,

216

seq.,

248

,

253

,

254

,

277

,

303

seq.,

308

seq.,

313

,

339

,

350

,

377

,

381

,

385

,

388

seq.,

436

note,

439

,

441

note.

Custom, with the Indians, had the force of law,

xlix

.

D.

Dahcotahs,

found east of the Mississippi,

xx

note;

their villages,

xxvi

.

D'Ailleboust de Coulonges, Louis, lands at Montreal,

264

; history,

265

; fortifies Montreal,

266

; becomes governor of Canada,

330

,

332

.

Daily life of the Jesuits,

129

; their food,

ib.;

how obtained,

130

.

Dallion, La Roche, visits the Neutral Nation in 1626,

xliv

; exposed to great danger among them,

xlvi

note,

146

.

Daniel, Antoine,

5

,

20

,

48

; commences his journey to the Huron country,

53

; disasters by the way,

55

; his arrival in the Huron country,

58

; his peril,

126

; returns to Quebec to commence a seminary,

168

; labors with success among the Hurons,

374

; slain by the Iroquois,

377

.

Dauversière, Jérôme le Royer de la, described,

188

; hears a voice from heaven,

189

; has a vision,

191

; meets Olier,

192

; plans a religious community at Montreal,

ib.;

one of the purchasers of the island,

195

; his misgivings,

197

.

Davost at Quebec,

5

,

20

,

48

; sets out on his journey to the Huron country,

53

; robbed and left behind by his conductors,

54

; his arrival among the Hurons,

58

.

De Nouë, Anne, a missionary,

5

,

14

; perishes in the snow,

257

-

260

.

Des Châtelets, an inhabitant of Quebec,

334

,

335

.

Devil, worshipped,

lxxiv

,

lxxvi

,

lxxvii

; his supposed alarm at the success of the mission,

113

; consequences,

114

seq.

Dionondadies.

See

Tobacco Nation.

Disease, how accounted for,

xl

,

xli

; how treated,

ib.

Divination and sorcery,

lxxxiv

,

lxxxv

.

Dogs sacrificed to the Great Spirit,

lxxxvi

; used at Montreal for sentinels,

271

; very useful,

272

.

"Donnés"

of the mission,

112

note,

214

,

364

.

Dreams, confidence of the Indian in,

lxxxiii

,

lxxxiv

,

lxxxvi

; "Dream-Feast," a scene of frenzy,

67

.

Dress of the Indians,

xxxii

; scarcely worn in summer,

xxxiii

.

Druilletes, Gabriel, his labors among the Montagnais,

318

; among the Abenaquis on the Kennebec,

321

,

323

; visits English settlements in Maine,

322

; again descends the Kennebec, and visits Boston,

324

,

325

; object of the visit,

324

; visits Governor Dudley at Roxbury,

326

; and Governor Bradford at Plymouth,

327

; spends a night with Eliot at Roxbury,

ib.;

visits Endicott at Salem,

ib.;

his impressions of New England,

328

; failure of his embassy,

330

.

Dudley, Thomas, governor of Massachusetts, kindly receives the Jesuit Druilletes,

326

.

Du Peron, François, his narrow escape,

124

; his journey,

127

; his arrival,

128

; his letter,

130

; at Montreal,

263

.

Du Quen, journeys of,

xxv

note,

318

.

Dutch at Albany supply the Iroquois with fire-arms,

211

,

212

; endeavor to procure the release of prisoners among the Mohawks,

230

.

E.

Eliot, John, the "apostle," has a visit from the Jesuit Druilletes,

327

.

Endicott, John, visited by the Jesuit Druilletes,

327

.

Enthusiasm for the mission,

85

note.

Erie, Lake, how early known as such,

143

.

Eries,

or Nation of the Cat,

xlvi

; where found in the early periods,

xx

,

xlvi

; why so called,

xlvi

note;

war with the Iroquois,

438

; its cause,

439

; a sister's revenge,

ib.;

utter destruction of the Eries,

440

.

Etchemins, where found,

xxii

.

Etienne Annaotaha, a Huron brave, destroys an Iroquois war-party,

427

-

429

; slain,

431

.

Exaltation, mental, of the priests,

146

.

Excursions, missionary,

132

.

F.

Faillon, Abbé, his researches in the early history of Montreal,

193

note;

their value,

ib.

Fancamp, Baron de, furnishes money for the undertaking at Montreal,

193

; one of the purchasers of the island,

195

.

Fasts among the Indians,

lxxi

.

"Feast of the Dead,"

72

.

Feasts of the Indians,

xxxvii

.

Female life among the Hurons,

xxxiii

.

"

Festins d'adieu,

"

123

.

Festivities of the Hurons,

xxxvii

.

Fire, Nation of, attacked by the Neutral Nation,

436

.

Fire-arms sold to the Iroquois by the Dutch,

211

,

212

; given to converts by the French,

269

.

Fish, and fishing-nets, prayers to them,

lxix

.

Fortifications of the Hurons,

xxix

; of the Iroquois,

ib. note;

of other Indian tribes,

xxx

note.

Fortitude, striking instances of,

81

,

250

,

339

,

389

.

French and English colonization compared,

328

,

329

.

Funeral among the Hurons,

75

; funeral gifts,

76

.

Fur trade,

xlv

,

47

,

155

,

331

.

G.

Gambling, Indian,

xxxvii

.

Garnier, Charles, joins the Huron mission,

86

; his sickness,

ib.;

his character,

99

; his letters,

101

,

133

; his journey to the Tobacco Nation,

140

; at the Huron mission,

370

; slain by the Iroquois,

405

; his body found,

406

note;

his gentle spirit,

370

,

407

; his absolute devotion to the mission,

407

note.

Garnier, Julien,

liv

note.

Garreau, missionary among the Hurons, his danger,

410

.

Gaspé, Algonquins of, their women chaste,

xxxiv

.

George, Lake, its first discoverer,

219

; its Indian name,

ib. note;

called St. Sacrament,

299

; a better name proposed,

ib. note.

Gibbons, Edward, welcomes the Jesuit Druilletes to Boston,

325

.

Giffard, his seigniory of Beauport,

155

,

157

; at Quebec,

334

.

Gluttony at feasts,

xxxviii

; practised as a cure for pestilence,

95

.

Godefroy, Jean Paul, visits New Haven on an embassy from the governor of Canada,

330

.

Goupil, René, a

donné

of the mission,

214

; made prisoner by the Iroquois,

216

; tortured,

217

,

221

; murdered in cold blood,

224

.

Goyogouin,

a name for the Cayugas,

xlviii

note.

Great Hare, The. See

Manabozho.

Green Bay, visited by the French in 1639,

166

.

H.

Habitations, Indian,

xxvi

; internal aspect in summer,

xxvii

; in winter,

xxviii

.

Hawenniio, the modern Iroquois name for God,

lxxviii

.

Hébert, Madame, an early resident of Quebec,

2

,

15

.

Hell, how represented to the Indians,

88

,

163

; pictures of,

163

.

Hiawatha, a deified hero,

lxxvii

,

lxxviii

.

Hodenosaunee,

the true name of the Iroquois,

xlviii

note.

Hôtel-Dieu at Quebec founded,

181

; one at Montreal,

266

.

Hundred Associates, the, a fur company, its grants of land,

156

; their quit-claim of the island of Montreal,

195

; transfer their monopoly to the colonists,

331

.

Hunters of men,

307

.

Huron mission proposed,

42

; the difficulties,

43

; motives for the undertaking,

44

; route to the Huron country,

45

; the missionaries baffled by a stroke of Indian diplomacy,

51

; they commence their journey,

53

; fatigues of the way,

ib.;

reception of the missionaries by the Hurons,

57

; mission house,

60

; methods taken to awaken interest,

61

; instructions given,

62

; the results not satisfactory,

64

; the Jesuits made responsible for the failure of rain,

68

; they gain the confidence of the Huron people,

70

; the mission strengthened by new arrivals,

85

; kindness of the Jesuits to the sick,

87

; their efforts at conversion,

88

; the Hurons slow to apprehend the subject of a future life,

89

; terms of salvation too hard,

90

; an elastic morality practised by the Jesuits,

97

; conversions promoted by supernatural aid,

108

; the new chapel at Ossossané described,

111

; first important success,

112

; persecuting spirit aroused,

115

; the Jesuits in danger,

116

; their daily life,

129

; number of converts in 1638,

132

; backsliding frequent,

135

; partial success,

147

; great subsequent success of the mission,

349

; the mission encounters slander and misrepresentation,

352

,

353

; prosperity,

366

; successful agriculture,

ib.;

number of ecclesiastics and others in the Huron mission, 1649,

ib.;

the mission removed to an island in Lake Huron,

397

; a multitude of refugees,

399

; their extreme misery,

400

; the priests fully occupied,

401

; the mission abandoned,

415

; failure of the Jesuit plans in Canada,

446

; the cause,

447

; the consequences,

448

. See

Jesuits.

Hurons,

origin of the name,

xxxiii

note;

their country,

xx

,

xxiv

,

xxv

; had a language akin to the Iroquois,

xxiv

; their disappearance,

ib.;

vestiges of them still found,

xxv

; supposed population,

xxv

,

xxvi

; their habitations,

xxvi

,

xxviii

note;

extravagant accounts,

xxvi

note;

internal aspect of their huts in summer,

xxvii

; in winter,

xxviii

; their fortifications,

xxix

; their agriculture,

xxx

; food,

ib.;

arts of life,

ib.;

dress,

xxxii

; dress scarcely worn in summer,

xxxiii

; female life,

ib.,

xxxv

; an unchaste people,

xxxiv

; marriages, temporary,

ib.;

shameless conduct of young people,

xxxv

note;

employments of the men,

xxxvi

; amusements,

ib.;

feasts and dances,

xxxvii

; voracity,

xxxviii

; cannibalism,

xxxix

; practice of medicine,

xl

; Huron brains,

xliii

; the Huron Confederacy,

lii

; their political organization,

ib.;

propensity of the Hurons to theft,

lxiii

,

131

; murder atoned for by presents,

lxi

; proceedings in case of witchcraft,

lxiii

; their objects of worship,

lxix

seq.;

their conceptions of a future state,

lxxxi

; their burial of the dead,

ib.;

hostility of the Iroquois,

45

,

52

,

62

; visit Quebec,

46

; the scene after their arrival described,

47

; their idea of thunder,

69

; Huron graves,

71

; their origin,

ib.;

disposal of the dead,

73

; "Feast of the Dead,"

75

seq.;

disinterment,

73

; mourning,

74

,

78

; funeral gifts,

76

; frightful scene,

77

; a pestilence,

87

; cannibals,

137

; attacked by the Iroquois,

212

,

337

; defeat them,

338

; torture and burn an Iroquois chief,

339

; on the verge of ruin,

341

; apply for help to the Andastes,

342

; specimen of Huron eloquence,

355

; Hurons defeat the Iroquois at Three Rivers,

374

; fatuity of the Hurons,

379

; their towns destroyed,

379

seq.;

ruin of the Hurons,

393

; the survivors take refuge on Isle St. Joseph,

399

; their extreme misery,

411

seq.;

they abandon the island,

415

; endeavor to reach Quebec,

416

; the Iroquois waylay them,

417

; a fight on the Ottawa,

ib.;

they reach Montreal,

418

; and Quebec,

ib.;

a Huron traitor,

419

; a portion of the Hurons retreat to Lake Michigan and the Mississippi,

425

; others become incorporated with the Senecas,

424

; their country desolate,

ib.;

afterwards known as the Wyandots,

426

; a body of the Hurons left at St. Joseph destroy a party of Iroquois,

427

-

429

; a colony of Hurons near Quebec,

430

.

I.

Ihonatiria, a Huron village,

57

; Brébeuf takes up his abode there,

59

; ruined by the pestilence,

137

.

Immaculate Conception of the Virgin,

110

.

Incarnation, Marie de l', at Tours,

174

; her unhappy marriage,

175

; a widow,

ib;

self-inflicted austerities,

ib.;

mystical espousal to Christ,

176

; rhapsodies,

ib.;

dejection,

177

; abandons her child and becomes a nun,

178

; her talents for business,

179

; her vision,

180

; the vision explained as a call to Canada,

181

; embarks for that country,

ib.;

perilous voyage,

182

; her arduous labors at Quebec,

185

; her difficulties,

186

; extolled as a saint,

177

,

186

.

Indian population mutable,

xix

; its distribution,

xx

; two great families,

ib.;

superstitions and traditions,

lxvii

-

lxxxvii

; dreamers,

lxxxiii

; sorcerers and diviners,

lxxxiv

,

93

; their religion fearful yet puerile,

lxxxviii

,

94

; an Indian lodge,

141

; Indian manners softened by the influence of the missions,

319

; Indian infatuation,

336

.

Indians, their arts of life,

xxx

; amusements,

xxxvi

; festivals,

xxxvii

; social character,

xlviii

; self-control,

xlix

; influenced by custom,

ib.;

hospitality and generosity,

ib. note;

fond of society,

1

; their division into clans,

li

; the

totem,

or symbol of the clan,

39

ib.;

Indian rule of descent and inheritance,

ib.;

vast extent of this rule,

lii

; their superstitions,

lxvii

et seq.;

their cosmogonies,

lxxiii

,

lxxv

; degrading conceptions of the Supreme Being,

lxxviii

; no word for God,

lxxix

; obliged to use a circumlocution,

ib.;

their belief in a future state,

lxxx

; their conceptions of it dim,

ib.;

their belief in dreams,

lxxxiii

; the Indian Pluto,

ib. note;

the Indian mind stagnant,

lxxxix

; savage in religion as in life,

ib.;

no knowledge of the true God,

ib.;

scenes in a wigwam,

30

; their foul language,

31

; not profane,

ib.;

hardships and sufferings,

39

; a specimen of their diplomacy,

51

; an Indian masquerade,

66

; Indian bacchanals,

67

; their idea of thunder,

69

; Indian mind not a blank,

134

; specimen of Indian reasoning,

135

; Indians received benefit from the Jesuit missions,

164

.

Initiatory fast for obtaining a guardian manitou,

lxxi

.

"Infernal Wolf," the,

117

; a name for the Devil,

ib. note.

Influence of the missions salutary,

319

.

Instructions for the missionaries to the Hurons,

54

.

Intrepid conduct of the Jesuits,

125

.

Iroquois,

or Five Nations, origin of the name,

xlvii

; where found in early times,

xx

,

xlvi

,

278

note;

their dwellings,

xxvii

note.,

xxviii

note;

a licentious people,

xxxiv

note;

have capacious skulls,

xliii

note;

burn female captives,

xlv

; their character,

xlvii

; their eminent position and influence,

ib.;

their true name,

xlviii

note;

divided into eight clans or families,

lv

; symbols of these clans,

ib. note;

the chiefs, how selected,

lvi

; the councils,

lvii

; how and when assembled,

lviii

; how conducted,

lix

; their debates,

ib.;

strict unanimity required,

ib.;

artful management of the chiefs,

lx

note;

the professed orators,

lxi

; military organization,

lxiv

; and discipline,

ib.;

spirit of the confederacy,

lxv

; attachment to ancient forms,

ib.;

their increase by adoption,

lxvi

; population at different times,

ib. note;

have no name for God,

lxxviii

; a captive Iroquois sacrificed by the Hurons to the god of war,

80

; supplied by the Dutch with fire-arms,

211

; make war on the French in Canada,

212

,

269

seq.;

extreme cruelty to Jogues and other prisoners,

217

-

222

,

228

; cannibalism,

228

,

250

; audacity,

241

; attack Fort Richelieu,

244

; spread devastation and terror through Canada,

245

,

251

; horrible nature of their warfare,

246

-

250

; torments inflicted on prisoners,

248

seq.,

271

; an Iroquois prisoner tortured by Algonquins,

277

; treaty of peace with the French and Algonquins,

284

seq.;

numbers of the Iroquois,

297

note;

the Iroquois determination to destroy the Hurons,

336

; their moral superiority,

337

; a defeat sustained by them,

338

; their shameless treachery,

339

; invade the Huron country and destroy the towns,

379

; their atrocious cruelty,

385

; their retreat,

386

; they pursue the remnants of the Huron nation,

412

,

425

; attack the Atticamegues,

420

; attack the Hurons at Michilimackinac,

425

; exterminate the Neutral Nation,

437

; exterminate the Eries,

438

-

440

; terrible cruelty,

441

note;

their bloody supremacy,

444

; it cost them dear,

ib.;

tyrants of a wide wilderness,

445

; their short-sighted policy,

434

.

J.

Jesuits, their founder,

8

; their discipline,

11

; their influence,

12

; salutary,

319

; the early Canadian Jesuits did not meddle with political affairs,

323

; denounced cannibalism, but faint in opposing the burning of prisoners,

351

; were engaged in the fur-trade,

365

note;

purity of their motives,

83

,

85

; benevolent care of the sick,

87

,

98

,

267

; accused of sorcery,

120

; in great peril,

121

; their intrepidity,

125

; their prudence,

134

; their intense zeal,

146

. See

Huron Mission.

Jogues, Isaac, his birth and character,

214

; joins the mission,

86

; his illness,

ib.;

his character,

106

,

304

; his journey to the Tobacco Nation,

140

; visits Lake Superior and preaches to the Ojibwas,

213

; visits Quebec,

214

; taken prisoner by the Iroquois,

216

; tortured by them,

217

,

218

,

221

,

222

; in daily expectation of death,

224

,

225

; his conscientiousness,

226

,

229

,

232

; his patience,

226

; his spirit of devotion,

227

; longs for death,

228

; his pious labors while a captive,

ib.;

visits Albany,

229

; writes to the commandant at Three Rivers,

230

; escapes,

234

; voyage across the Atlantic,

236

; reception in France,

237

; the queen honors him,

238

; returns to Canada,

239

,

286

; his mission to the Mohawks,

297

; misgivings,

298

; has a presentiment of death,

ib.;

goes as a civilian,

ib;

visits Fort Orange,

299

; reaches the Mohawk country,

ib.;

his reception,

ib.;

returns to Canada,

300

; his second mission to the Mohawks,

301

; warned of danger,

ib.;

his cruel murder,

304

.

Joseph, Saint, his interposition in a case of childbirth,

90

; his help much relied on by the Jesuits,

70

,

95

,

96

; fireworks let off in his honor,

160

. See

Saint Joseph.

Jouskeha,

a beneficent deity, the sun, the creator,

lxxvi

,

lxxix

.

K.

Kennebec, visited by a Jesuit,

322

.

Kieft, William, governor of New Netherland, his kindness to Jogues,

235

; his letter to the governor of Canada,

304

note.

Kiotsaton, envoy of the Iroquois,

284

seq.;

his speech,

287

seq.;

the French delighted with him,

291

; another speech,

292

.

L.

Lafitau, his book on the Iroquois,

liv

note;

describes the council of the Iroquois,

lvii

,

lviii

.

Lalande, an assistant in the mission,

301

; tortured by the Mohawks,

303

; killed by them,

304

.

Lalemant, Gabriel, at the Huron mission,

126

,

371

; taken by the Iroquois,

381

; tortured with fire,

388

; his death,

390

.

Lalemant, Jerome, brother of Gabriel, assailed by an Algonquin,

127

; visits Three Rivers,

294

; becomes Superior of the missions,

301

.

Lauson, president of the Canada Fur Company,

156

; sells the island of Montreal to the Jesuits,

194

.

Le Berger, a Christian Iroquois,

304

; endeavors to save Jogues,

ib.

Le Borgne, chief of Allumette Island, hinders the departure of the missionaries,

50

; his motives,

51

; converted,

268

.

Le Jeune, Paul, Father Superior, his voyage,

15

; his arrival in Quebec,

2

,

15

; begins his labors there,

16

; joins an Indian hunting-party,

23

; adventures in this connection,

25

-

39

; his description of a winter scene,

26

note;

grievances in an Indian lodge in winter,

27

; experience with a sorcerer,

30

; suffers the rude banter of the Indians,

ib.;

doubts whether the Indian sorcerers are impostors or in league with the devil,

32

; relates what he had been informed of the devil's proceedings in Brazil,

33

note;

attempts to convert a sorcerer,

37

; disappointment,

39

; returns to Quebec,

40

; rejoices at the advent of the new governor,

150

note;

rejoices at the interest in the mission awakened in France,

151

; has for a correspondent the future Condé,

152

; is invested with civil authority,

154

; sends for pictures of the torments of hell,

163

.

Le Mercier, Francis Joseph, joins the mission,

85

; his peril,

125

.

Le Moyne, among the Hurons,

126

; among the Onondagas,

438

,

440

.

Licentiousness of the Indians,

xxxiv

note;

xxxv

note,

xlv

.

Life in a wigwam,

27

-

31

.

Loretto, in Italy,

102

,

105

,

432

; Old Lorette, in Canada,

431

; New Lorette, in Canada,

432

; settlement of Hurons there,

ib.

Loyola, Ignatius, his story,

8

; founds the order of Jesuits,

9

; his book of Spiritual Exercises,

10

.

M.

Maisonneuve, Chomedey, Sieur de, military leader of the settlement at Montreal,

196

; spends the first winter at Quebec,

202

; poorly accommodated there,

203

; has a quarrel with the governor,

204

; beloved by his followers,

205

; compared to Godfrey, the leader of the first crusade,

207

; lands at Montreal,

208

,

261

; plants a cross on the top of the mountain,

263

; his great bravery,

275

.

Manabozho,

a mythical personage,

lxviii

; the chief deity of the Algonquins, yet not worshipped,

lxxii

,

lxxix

; his achievements,

lxxiii

.

Mance, Jeanne, devotes herself to the mission in Canada,

198

; embarks,

201

; impressive scene before embarking,

ib.;

lands at Montreal,

208

,

261

.

Manitous,

a generic term for super-natural beings,

lxix

; extensive in its meaning,

lxx

; process for obtaining a guardian manitou,

ib.

Marie, a Christian Algonquin, her adventures and sufferings,

309

-

313

.

Marriage among the Hurons often temporary and experimental,

xxxiv

.

Mass, neglect of the, a punishable offence,

154

,

157

.

Masse,

5

,

20

; "le Père Utile,"

ib.;

his death,

260

.

Medical practice among the Indians,

xli

,

xlii

note;

lxxxiv

,

66

.

"Medicine," or Indian charms,

lxxi

.

"Medicine-bags,"

lxxi

; "medicine-men," or sorcerers,

lxxxiv

,

lxxxv

,

32

-

38

; a "medicine-feast,"

66

; the religion taught by the Jesuits supposed to be a "medicine,"

90

.

Megapolensis, Dutch pastor at Albany,

229

; his account of the Mohawks,

ib.;

befriends Jogues,

235

.

Memory, devices for aiding the,

lxi

.

Messou.

See

Manabozho.

Mestigoit, an Indian hunter,

21

,

24

,

29

,

34

; his skill and courage,

40

; helps Le Jeune to reach Quebec,

ib.

Mexican fabrics found in Indian cemeteries,

79

note.

Miamis, cannibalism among them,

xl

.

Michabou.

See

Manabozho.

Micmacs in Nova Scotia,

xxii

.

Minquas. See

Andastes.

Miracles in the Huron mission,

108

; how to be accounted for,

109

; why miracles were expected,

210

note.

Miscou, mission at,

317

.

Mission to Hurons. See

Huron Mission.

Mission-house near Quebec described,

4

.

Mohawks,

xlviii

note,

liv

; number of warriors,

212

,

297

; their towns,

222

; make peace with the French,

296

; credulity and superstition,

301

; their causeless rage,

303

; renew the war with the French,

306

; their perfidy,

308

; cruelty,

ib.;

torture of prisoners,

309

; invade the Huron country,

379

; furious battle near St. Marie,

384

; war with the Andastes,

441

; and Mohicans,

ib. note.

See

Iroquois.

Montmagny, Charles Huault de, succeeds Champlain as governor of New France,

149

; his zeal for the mission,

150

,

161

; meets the Ursulines at their landing,

182

; quarrels with the leader of the Montreal settlement,

204

; delivers Montreal to Maisonneuve,

208

; builds a fort at Sorel,

242

; called Onontio by the Iroquois,

283

; negotiates a peace with the Iroquois,

284

seq.

Montagnais, an Algonquin tribe, where found,

xxiii

; their degradation,

ib.;

Le Jeune essays their conversion,

19

; concerned in a treaty of peace,

286

,

293

; salutary changes from the influence of the mission,

319

.

Montreal, island of, purchased for the site of a religious community,

195

; part of the money given by ladies,

198

; consecrated to the Holy Family,

201

; the enterprise compared with the crusades,

207

; first day of the settlement,

209

; motives of the enterprise, as stated by the leaders themselves,

210

note;

infancy of the settlement,

261

; rise of the St. Lawrence checked by a wooden cross,

263

; arrival of D'Ailleboust and others,

264

; pilgrimages,

267

; hospital built,

266

; Indians fed,

268

; attacks by the Iroquois,

269

seq.;

sally of the French,

273

; condition of Montreal in 1651,

333

.

Moon, the, worshipped,

lxxvi

.

Morgan, Lewis H., his account of the Iroquois,

liv

note.

Murder atoned for by presents,

lxi

,

lxii

,

354

; a grand ceremony of this sort,

355

seq.

N.

Nanabush.

See

Manabozho.

Nation of the Bear,

liii

.

Nation of Fire, an Algonquin people, attacked by the Neutral Nation,

436

.

Neutral Nation,

their country,

xx

,

xliv

,

142

; their cruelty and licentiousness,

xlv

; representations made to them respecting the French,

xlvi

note;

a ferocious people,

143

; their excessive superstition,

ib.;

a mission among them attempted,

142

; but in vain,

146

; kindness of a Neutral woman,

ib.;

destroy a large town of the Nation of Fire,

436

; their ferocious cruelty,

ib. note;

themselves exterminated by the Iroquois,

437

.

New England, Indians in,

xxi

; a Jesuit's impressions of,

328

.

Niagara, called the River of the Neutrals,

xliv

; described by the Jesuits,

143

note.

Nicollet, Jean, visits Green Bay in 1639,

166

.

Nipissings,

xxiv

.

Notre-Dame des Anges, at Quebec,

5

,

155

; Notre-Dame de Montreal,

193

.

O.

Ochateguins.

See

Hurons.

Ojibwas,

how differing in language from Algonquins,

xx

; visited by Jogues,

213

.

Okies,

or

Otkons,

objects of worship among the Iroquois,

lxix

.

Olier, Jean Jacques, Abbé, suspected of Jansenism,

189

; has a revelation,

190

; meets Dauversière,

192

; their schemes,

ib.

Oneidas, or

Onneyut,

one of the Five Nations,

xlviii

note

,

liv

. See

Iroquois.

Onondagas, or Onnontagué, one of the Five Nations,

xlviii

note,

liv

(see

Iroquois

); their inroad on the Hurons,

343

; their jealousy of the Mohawks,

344

; their embassy to the Hurons,

345

; suicide of the ambassador,

347

.

Ononkwaya, an Oneida chief, a prisoner to the Hurons,

338

; his marvellous fortitude under torture,

339

.

Onontio,

Great Mountain, name given to the Governor of Canada among the Iroquois, and why,

283

.

Ontitarac, a Huron chief, his speech,

119

.

Orators of the Iroquois,

lx

.

Ossossané, chief town of the Hurons,

74

; great Huron cemetery there,

75

; mission established there,

110

,

129

; abandoned,

139

.

Ouendats, or Wyandots. See

Hurons.

P.

Parker, Ely S., an educated Iroquois,

liv

note.

Passionists, convent of, a singular incident there,

108

note.

Peace concluded between the French and Iroquois,

284

-

295

; defects of the treaty,

296

; the peace broken and why,

302

.

Peltrie, de la, Madame, her birth,

168

; her girlhood,

169

; a widow,

ib.;

religious schemes,

170

; resolves to go to Canada,

ib.;

her sham marriage,

172

; visits the Ursuline Convent at Tours,

173

; results of that visit,

174

; embarks for Canada,

181

; perilous voyage,

182

; her character,

186

; thirst for admiration,

187

; leaves the Ursulines and joins the Colony of Montreal,

206

,

261

; receives the sacrament on the top of the mountain,

264

; at Quebec,

334

.

Penobscot, a station on it of Capuchin friars,

322

.

Pestilence among the Hurons,

87

; its supposed origin,

94

.

Persecution of the Jesuits,

116

seq.

Pictures requested for the mission,

133

; of souls in perdition, many,

ib.;

of souls in bliss, one,

ib.;

how to be colored,

ib.;

Le Jeune describes the pictures of Hell which he wants,

163

.

Picture-writing by the Indians,

243

.

Pierre, an Algonquin,

17

; teacher of Le Jeune,

18

; runs away,

21

; returns,

22

; frantic from strong drink,

24

; repents and assists Le Jeune,

38

; another of this name, a converted Huron,

122

.

Pijart, Pierre, joins the mission,

85

; his clandestine baptisms,

96

,

97

; establishes a mission at Ossossané,

110

.

Piskaret, an Algonquin brave,

278

; his exploits,

279

; his successes against the Iroquois,

281

; assists in a treaty of peace,

291

; murdered by Mohawks,

308

.

Poncet, father, his pilgrimage to Loretto,

104

; embarks for Canada,

181

; his peril,

126

.

Price of a man's life,

lxii

; of a woman's,

ib.

Prisoners, cruel treatment of,

xxxix

,

xlv

,

80

,

216

seq.,

248

seq.,

253

,

277

,

339

,

388

seq.,

436

note,

439

,

441

note.

Processions, religious, at Quebec,

161

.

Q.

Quatogies.

See

Hurons.

Qualifications for success in an Indian mission,

134

note.

Quebec in 1634,

1

; its first settler,

3

; condition in 1640,

154

; its aspect half military, half monastic,

158

; its very amusements acts of religion,

160

; state of things in 1651,

331

; New-Year's Day, 1646,

334

.

R.

Ragueneau, Paul, missionary among the Hurons,

123

,

124

,

126

; relates proceedings of a council held respecting a murder,

355

; Father Superior,

370

.

Raymbault, Charles, enters Lake Superior with Jogues,

213

.

Religion and superstitions of the Indians,

lxvii

et seq.;

worship of material objects, inanimate no less than animate,

ib.;

the Indians attribute their origin to beasts, birds, and reptiles,

lxviii

; all nature full of objects of religious fear and dread,

lxxxiv

; sacrifices,

lxxxvi

.

Remarkable instance of Indian forgiveness,

319

.

Rome, Church of, her strange contradictions,

84

; self-denial of her missionaries,

ib.

S.

Sacrifice, a human, by fire, witnessed by a missionary,

80

seq.

Sacrifices of the Indians,

lxxxv

,

lxxxvi

note.

St. Bernard, Marie de, a nun at Tours,

174

; embarks for Canada,

181

.

St. Ignace, town, taken by the Iroquois,

380

; furious battle with the Hurons,

384

; the town and its inhabitants destroyed by fire,

385

; vestiges still remaining,

ib. note.

St. Jean, town in the Tobacco Nation, attacked by the Iroquois,

405

; destroyed by fire,

406

.

St. Joseph, a town in the Huron country,

137

,

374

; surprised by the Iroquois,

375

; and destroyed,

377

; another station of this name on an island,

395

; the Huron refugees repair thither,

399

; their extreme misery,

ib.;

famine,

400

.

St. Louis, town in the Huron country, attacked,

380

; severe struggle,

381

; destroyed by the Iroquois,

ib.

Ste. Marie, in the Huron country, a mission established there,

139

; the place described,

362

seq.;

a bountiful hospitality exercised towards the converts and others,

367

; alarm and anxiety at the Iroquois invasion,

382

; the station abandoned,

394

; stripped of all valuables, and set on fire,

396

.

Schoolcraft, Henry R., his Notes on the Iroquois,

liv

note;

his mistakes,

lxxviii

,

lxxx

; his collection of Algonquin tales,

lxxxviii

; his unsatisfactory speculations about Huron graves,

71

.

Seminary, Huron, at Quebec,

167

.

Senecas, one of the Five Nations,

xlviii

note,

liv

. See

Iroquois.

Sepulture among the Hurons,

lxxxi

,

71

seq.

Sillery, Noël Brulart de, becomes a priest,

182

; founds the settlement which bears his name,

183

.

Sioux punish adultery,

xxxiv

; harass the Hurons,

425

.

Sorcerer, a dwarfish, deformed one, troubles the Jesuits,

91

; his account of his origin,

92

; sorcerers, several, in time of mortal sickness,

93

.

Sorcery, as practised among the Indians,

lxxxiv

,

32

-

38

.

Speech-making, Indian,

287

,

292

-

294

.

Sun worshipped,

lxxvi

.

Supernaturalism of the Jesuits,

106

; supposed efficacy of relics and prayers to relieve pain and cure disease,

107

; conversions effected in this manner,

108

; such views still entertained, as illustrated in a curious incident,

ib.

Superstitions of the Indians,

lxvii

seq.,

68

.

Superstitious terrors,

lxxxiv

,

115

,

141

.

Susquehannocks. See

Andastes.

Swedish colonists on the Delaware assist the Andastes,

442

.

T.

Tarenyowagon,

a powerful deity,

lxxvii

.

Tarratines,

the Abenaquis so called,

xxii

note.

Tattooing practised,

xxxiii

; a severe process,

ib.

Teanaustayé,

137

. See

St. Joseph.

Tessouat, or Le Borgne, converted,

268

.

Tionnontates. See

Tobacco Nation.

Tobacco Nation, or Tionnontates, in league with the Hurons,

xliii

; raised tobacco,

47

; mission among them,

140

; reception of the missionaries,

141

; perils of the missionaries,

142

; some of the Hurons seek an asylum there,

393

,

404

.

Tobacco, none in Heaven, a sad thought to the Indian,

136

.